حرف

ar-noun

حُرْف • (ḥurf) m

حُرْف (canonical)
ḥurf (romanization)
حُرْف (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْحُرْف (definite informal singular triptote)
حُرْف (construct informal singular triptote)
حُرْفٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْحُرْفُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
حُرْفُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
حُرْفًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْحُرْفَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
حُرْفَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
حُرْفٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْحُرْفِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
حُرْفِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Old Catalan: algorfa, algorfe

ar:حرف (نبات)

An Aramaic borrowing, Aramaic חורפה / חורפא / ࡇࡅࡓࡐࡀ / ܚܘܪܦܐ (ḥurpā, “sharp edge”) corresponds to the Arabic حَرْف (ḥarf, “sharp edge”) and acquired the transferred meanings of “pungency” and “pungent” food, which applies to cress because of its marked mustardy or radish-like, slightly pungent to peppery taste and smell, compare also the adjective likely borrowed from Aramaic into Arabic حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf, “pungent”); perhaps also merged Akkadian 𒄷𒌨𒁍 (ḫurpu, “crop collected early, unripe produce”), hence the meaning of bitter or unpleasant tasting plants, rather related to the root خ ر ف (ḵ-r-f).

der

قال ديسقويدس أجود ما رأينا من شجرة الحرف ما يكون بأرض بابل، وقوته شبيهة بقوة الخردل وبزر الفجل، وقيل الخردل وبزر الجرجير المجتمعين، وورقه ينقص في أفعاله عنه لرطوبته فإذا يبس قارب مشاكلته وكاد يلحقه. […] الأفعال والخواص: مسخن محلل منضج مع تليين ينشف قيح الجرب.

1025, ابن سينا [Avicenna], القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae]:

Dioscurides said that the best what we have seen of the water-cress is the one on the earth of Babel, and its power is similar to that of the mustard and the seeds of the radish, and, it is said, mustard and rocket seeds can be blended with it, but its leaves fall behind the whole of the plant in their effects by reason of their moisture, but when dried, they are similar to it and almost catch up with it. […] Its properties: It is heatening, laxative, maturative with some laxivity and absorbs the pus in the scab.

Nasturtium officinale
Nasturtium officinale#Translingual

water-cress (Nasturtium officinale, eatable and of medicinal use)


قضب

ar-noun

قَضْب • (qaḍb) m

قَضْب (canonical)
qaḍb (romanization)
قَضْب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَضْب (definite informal singular triptote)
قَضْب (construct informal singular triptote)
قَضْبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَضْبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَضْبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قَضْبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَضْبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَضْبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قَضْبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَضْبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قَضْبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

From the root ق ض ب (q-ḍ-b). The form I is a doublet of the Aramaic-derived قَصَبَ (qaṣaba, “to cut up”).


مو

مُو • (mū) m

مُو (canonical)
mū (romanization)
مُو (indefinite informal invariable singular)
الْمُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مُو (construct informal invariable singular)
مُو (indefinite invariable nominative singular)
الْمُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُو (construct invariable nominative singular)
مُو (accusative indefinite invariable singular)
الْمُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُو (accusative construct invariable singular)
مُو (genitive indefinite invariable singular)
الْمُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
مُو (construct genitive invariable singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μῆον (mêon).

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual


نعناع

نَعْنَاع • (naʕnāʕ) m

نَعْنَاع (canonical)
naʕnāʕ (romanization)
نَعْنَاع (indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّعْنَاع (definite informal singular triptote)
نَعْنَاع (construct informal singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّعْنَاعُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
النَّعْنَاعَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّعْنَاعِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَعْنَاعِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Hijazi Arabic: نعناع (niʕnāʕ)

Maltese: nagħniegħ

Moroccan Arabic: نعناع (naʕnāʕ)

→ Armenian: նանա (nana)

→ Azerbaijani: nanə

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نانه (nane), نعنه (naʼne)
Turkish: nane

→ Persian: نعناع (na'nâ')

→ Swahili: nanaa

From Hurrian, as are Aramaic / Hebrew נַעְנַע (naʿnaʿ, “mint”), Old Armenian անանուխ (ananux, “mint”).


كمون

ar-noun

كَمُّون • (kammūn) m

كَمُّون (canonical)
kammūn (romanization)
كَمُّون (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَمُّون (definite informal singular triptote)
كَمُّون (construct informal singular triptote)
كَمُّونٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَمُّونُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَمُّونُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَمُّونًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَمُّونَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَمُّونَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَمُّونٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَمُّونِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كَمُّونِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քամոն (kʻamon), քամուն (kʻamun)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمیون (kimyon), كمنون (kimnun)
Turkish: kimyon
→ Armenian: քիմիոն (kʻimion), քիմոն (kʻimon), քեմոն (kʻemon), քիմեոն (kʻimeon), քէմոն (kʻēmon), քիմեօն (kʻimeōn) — traditional orthography
→ Bulgarian: кимио́н (kimión)
→ Macedonian: кимион (kimion)
→ Romanian: chimion

⇒ Portuguese: alcomonia, alcamonia

From Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא / ܩܰܡܽܘܢܳܐ (kammōnā, “cumin”), from Akkadian 𒌑𒁷𒊺𒉪 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Note also Old Armenian չաման (čʻaman).

bor

Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא

der

Cuminum cyminum
Cuminum cyminum#Translingual


زنجبيل

ar-noun

زَنْجَبِيل • (zanjabīl) m

زَنْجَبِيل (canonical)
zanjabīl (romanization)
زَنْجَبِيل (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزَّنْجَبِيل (definite informal singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيل (construct informal singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزَّنْجَبِيلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّنْجَبِيلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّنْجَبِيلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
زَنْجَبِيلِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Amharic: ዝንጅብል (zənǧəbəl), ዝንጅበል (zənǧəbäl), ዝንጅብር (zənǧəbər), ዝንጅበር (zənǧəbär)

→ Gurage:

Kistane: ጃንጅብል (ǧanǧəbəl)

Silt'e: ጃንጅብል (ǧanǧəbəl)

Wolane: ዝንጅብል (zənǧəbəl)

→ Hebrew: זַנְגְּבִיל (zangəḇī́l)

→ Hebrew: זַנְגְּבִיל (zangəḇī́l) (if not from Aramaic)

desctree

→ Persian: زنجبیل (zanjabil), زنجفیل (zanjafil) (dialectal)
→ Armenian: զանջաֆիլ (zanǰafil)
→ Azerbaijani: zəncəfil
→ Chagatai: زنجبیل
Uyghur: زەنجىۋىل (zenjiwil)
Uzbek: zanjabil
→ Kazakh: жанжабіл (janjabıl), занзабіл (zanzabıl)
→ Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: zencefîl
Central Kurdish: زهنجهفیل (zencefîl)
→ Lezgi: сенжефил (senžefil)
→ Ottoman Turkish: زنجبیل (zencebil, zencefil), زنجفیل (zencefil)
Turkish: zencefil
→ Albanian: xhenxhefil
→ Armenian: զենճեֆիլ (zenčefil)
→ Bulgarian: джинджифи́л (džindžifíl)
→ Georgian: ჯანჯაფილი (ǯanǯapili)
→ Turkmen: zenjebil
→ Urdu: زنجبیل (zanjabīl)

→ Swahili: tangawizi

→ Bondei: sangaizi

→ Kamba: tangaisi

→ Taita: sangaizi

→ Tigre: ዝንጅብል (zənǧəbəl)

→ Tigrinya: ጅንጅብል (ǧənǧəbəl)

From Classical Syriac ܙܢܓܒܝܠ (zangabīl), ܙܢܓܒܝܪ (zangabīr), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgavera), from Sanskrit शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera), from Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺 (iñci, “ginger”) + 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (vēr, “root”).

com

وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنْجَبِيلًا

And they will be provided to drink a cup, the flavour/mixture of which is ginger.

wayusqawna fīhā kaʔsan kāna mizājuhā zanjabīlan


درقة

ar-noun

دَرَقَة • (daraqa) f (plural دَرَق (daraq) or دِرَاق (dirāq) or أَدْرَاق (ʔadrāq))

دَرَقَة (canonical)
daraqa (romanization)
دَرَق (plural)
دِرَاق (plural)
أَدْرَاق (plural)
دَرَقَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
دَرَقَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
دَرَقَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
دَرَقَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
دَرَقَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
دَرَقَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
دَرَقَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
دَرَقَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّرَقَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
دَرَقَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
دَرَق (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
دِرَاق (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَدْرَاق (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الدَّرَق (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الدِّرَاق (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْأَدْرَاق (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
دَرَق (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
دِرَاق (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَدْرَاق (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
دَرَقٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
دِرَاقٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الدَّرَقُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الدِّرَاقُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَدْرَاقُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
دَرَقُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
دِرَاقُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
دَرَقًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
دِرَاقًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الدَّرَقَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الدِّرَاقَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْأَدْرَاقَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
دَرَقَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
دِرَاقَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
دَرَقٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
دِرَاقٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الدَّرَقِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الدِّرَاقِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْأَدْرَاقِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
دَرَقِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
دِرَاقِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
أَدْرَاقِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Andalusian Arabic: دَرْقَة (darqa)

→ Catalan: darga

→ Portuguese: adarga

→ Spanish: adarga

From the Middle Persian equivalent to Persian دریچه (dariče, “panel, pane; window, lid, cover for an opening”, literally “little door”), from در (dar, “door”) + ـچه (-če, diminutive suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (compare ترس (t-r-s), from the same root but via Greek). Compare also Gulf Arabic دريشة (darīša, “window”) and Swahili dirisha (“window, opening”).


بقدونس

ar-noun

بَقْدُونِس or بَقْدُونَس • (baqdūnis or baqdūnas) m (usually uncountable)

بَقْدُونِس (canonical)
بَقْدُونَس (canonical)
baqdūnis (romanization)
baqdūnas (romanization)
بَقْدُونِس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونِس (definite informal singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونَس (definite informal singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِس (construct informal singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَس (construct informal singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونِسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونَسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونِسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونَسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونِسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْبَقْدُونَسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَقْدُونِسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
بَقْدُونَسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

A more popular variant of the original مَقْدُونِس (maqdūnis, “parsley; Macedonian coriander”), ultimately from Ancient Greek μακεδονήσιον (makedonḗsion, “Macedonian (herb)”).

der

μακεδονήσιον

وتقول المرأة السمراء البشرة التي ترتدي عباءة سوداء طويلة “خلال رمضان العام الماضي، كنا نأكل الفجل والبقدونس والسبانخ والكزبرة”، مضيفة “لم نكن قادرين على شراء أي شيء” بسبب الغلاء الفاحش في أسعار المواد الأساسية مثل الأرز والسكر والزيت.

2018 May 31, “عائلات نازحة تهنأ برمضان في إدلب بعد طول انقطاع رغم الشعور المرير بالغربة”, in AlQuds.co.uk:

“During Ramadan last year, we ate radishes, parsley, spinach and coriander," said the woman of brown skin, dressed in a long black plaid, adding “we weren’t able to buy anything” on account of the horrendous increase in prices of staples such as rice, sugar and oil.


ثوم

ثُوم (canonical)
ṯūm (romanization)
ثُومَة (feminine singulative)
ثُوم (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الثُّوم (collective definite informal triptote)
ثُوم (collective construct informal triptote)
ثُومٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الثُّومُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
ثُومُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
ثُومًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الثُّومَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
ثُومَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
ثُومٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الثُّومِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
ثُومِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
ثُومَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الثُّومَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
ثُومَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
ثُومَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
ثُومَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

Andalusian Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)

Egyptian Arabic: توم (tōm)

Hijazi Arabic: ثوم (tūm)

Maltese: tewm

Moroccan Arabic: توم (tawm, tūm)

Sudanese Arabic: توم (tōm)

Yemeni Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)

→ Swahili: saumu

١ سيف بلدي مفضه ببرشم فضه وتوم ومحاره وخروس فضه وكستبانه فضه مجلد مدس
١ حربة شلكاية كبيرة مسلكة بفضه
١ تركاس داخله سبعه حراب طبايق مسلكين بفضه
٢ كواكب مسلكين بفضه

p. 1897, a. 1917, “Gifts worthy of kings: An episode in Dār Fūr-Taqalī relations”, in Lidwien Kapteijns and Jay Spaulding, editors, Sudanic Africa, volume 1, published 1990, pages 61–70

1 native silvered sword with hilt of silver, decorative silvern beads, nacre, silver rings, a silver pommel, and tanned leather.
1 large long jagged spear wired in silver
1 quiver wherein there are seven short throwing spears wired with silver
2 spears of wide and jagged blade wired with silver

beads of silver or gold wherewith the grips of swords are decorated


جزر

ar-verb

جَزَرَ • (jazara) I (non-past يَجْزُرُ (yajzuru), verbal noun جَزْر (jazr))

جَزَرَ (canonical)
jazara (romanization)
يَجْزُرُ (non-past)
جَزْر (noun-from-verb)
جَزْر (noun-from-verb)
جَازِر (active participle)
مَجْزُور (participle passive)
جَزَرْتُ (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective singular)
جَزَرْتَ (active indicative masculine past perfective second-person singular)
جَزَرَ (active indicative masculine past perfective singular third-person)
جَزَرْتُمَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective second-person)
جَزَرَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective third-person)
جَزَرْنَا (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective plural)
جَزَرْتُمْ (active indicative masculine past perfective plural second-person)
جَزَرُوا (active indicative masculine past perfective plural third-person)
جَزَرْتُ (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective singular)
جَزَرْتِ (active feminine indicative past perfective second-person singular)
جَزَرَتْ (active feminine indicative past perfective singular third-person)
جَزَرْتُمَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective second-person)
جَزَرَتَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective third-person)
جَزَرْنَا (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective plural)
جَزَرْتُنَّ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural second-person)
جَزَرْنَ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural third-person)
أَجْزُرُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular)
تَجْزُرُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person singular)
يَجْزُرُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular third-person)
تَجْزُرَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person)
يَجْزُرَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past third-person)
نَجْزُرُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural)
تَجْزُرُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural second-person)
يَجْزُرُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural third-person)
أَجْزُرُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past singular)
تَجْزُرِينَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person singular)
تَجْزُرُ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past singular third-person)
تَجْزُرَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person)
تَجْزُرَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past third-person)
نَجْزُرُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past plural)
تَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural second-person)
يَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural third-person)
أَجْزُرَ (active first-person masculine singular subjunctive)
تَجْزُرَ (active masculine second-person singular subjunctive)
يَجْزُرَ (active masculine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual masculine second-person subjunctive)
يَجْزُرَا (active dual masculine subjunctive third-person)
نَجْزُرَ (active first-person masculine plural subjunctive)
تَجْزُرُوا (active masculine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَجْزُرُوا (active masculine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَجْزُرَ (active feminine first-person singular subjunctive)
تَجْزُرِي (active feminine second-person singular subjunctive)
تَجْزُرَ (active feminine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual feminine second-person subjunctive)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual feminine subjunctive third-person)
نَجْزُرَ (active feminine first-person plural subjunctive)
تَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَجْزُرْ (active first-person jussive masculine singular)
تَجْزُرْ (active jussive masculine second-person singular)
يَجْزُرْ (active jussive masculine singular third-person)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual jussive masculine second-person)
يَجْزُرَا (active dual jussive masculine third-person)
نَجْزُرْ (active first-person jussive masculine plural)
تَجْزُرُوا (active jussive masculine plural second-person)
يَجْزُرُوا (active jussive masculine plural third-person)
أَجْزُرْ (active feminine first-person jussive singular)
تَجْزُرِي (active feminine jussive second-person singular)
تَجْزُرْ (active feminine jussive singular third-person)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual feminine jussive second-person)
تَجْزُرَا (active dual feminine jussive third-person)
نَجْزُرْ (active feminine first-person jussive plural)
تَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine jussive plural second-person)
يَجْزُرْنَ (active feminine jussive plural third-person)
اُجْزُرْ (active imperative masculine second-person singular)
اُجْزُرَا (active dual imperative masculine second-person)
اُجْزُرُوا (active imperative masculine plural second-person)
اُجْزُرِي (active feminine imperative second-person singular)
اُجْزُرَا (active dual feminine imperative second-person)
اُجْزُرْنَ (active feminine imperative plural second-person)
جُزِرْتُ (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective singular)
جُزِرْتَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person singular)
جُزِرَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective singular third-person)
جُزِرْتُمَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person)
جُزِرَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective third-person)
جُزِرْنَا (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective plural)
جُزِرْتُمْ (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural second-person)
جُزِرُوا (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural third-person)
جُزِرْتُ (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective singular)
جُزِرْتِ (feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person singular)
جُزِرَتْ (feminine indicative passive past perfective singular third-person)
جُزِرْتُمَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person)
جُزِرَتَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective third-person)
جُزِرْنَا (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective plural)
جُزِرْتُنَّ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural second-person)
جُزِرْنَ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural third-person)
أُجْزَرُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular)
تُجْزَرُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person singular)
يُجْزَرُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular third-person)
تُجْزَرَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person)
يُجْزَرَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive third-person)
نُجْزَرُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural)
تُجْزَرُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural second-person)
يُجْزَرُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural third-person)
أُجْزَرُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive singular)
تُجْزَرِينَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person singular)
تُجْزَرُ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive singular third-person)
تُجْزَرَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person)
تُجْزَرَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive third-person)
نُجْزَرُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive plural)
تُجْزَرْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural second-person)
يُجْزَرْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural third-person)
أُجْزَرَ (first-person masculine passive singular subjunctive)
تُجْزَرَ (masculine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
يُجْزَرَ (masculine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُجْزَرَا (dual masculine passive second-person subjunctive)
يُجْزَرَا (dual masculine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُجْزَرَ (first-person masculine passive plural subjunctive)
تُجْزَرُوا (masculine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُجْزَرُوا (masculine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُجْزَرَ (feminine first-person passive singular subjunctive)
تُجْزَرِي (feminine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
تُجْزَرَ (feminine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُجْزَرَا (dual feminine passive second-person subjunctive)
تُجْزَرَا (dual feminine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُجْزَرَ (feminine first-person passive plural subjunctive)
تُجْزَرْنَ (feminine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُجْزَرْنَ (feminine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُجْزَرْ (first-person jussive masculine passive singular)
تُجْزَرْ (jussive masculine passive second-person singular)
يُجْزَرْ (jussive masculine passive singular third-person)
تُجْزَرَا (dual jussive masculine passive second-person)
يُجْزَرَا (dual jussive masculine passive third-person)
نُجْزَرْ (first-person jussive masculine passive plural)
تُجْزَرُوا (jussive masculine passive plural second-person)
يُجْزَرُوا (jussive masculine passive plural third-person)
أُجْزَرْ (feminine first-person jussive passive singular)
تُجْزَرِي (feminine jussive passive second-person singular)
تُجْزَرْ (feminine jussive passive singular third-person)
تُجْزَرَا (dual feminine jussive passive second-person)
تُجْزَرَا (dual feminine jussive passive third-person)
نُجْزَرْ (feminine first-person jussive passive plural)
تُجْزَرْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural second-person)
يُجْزَرْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural third-person)

Root
 ج ز ر (j z r)
 0 terms
Form I verb and verbal noun.


جزر

جَزْر (canonical)
jazr (romanization)
جَزْر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْجَزْر (definite informal singular triptote)
جَزْر (construct informal singular triptote)
جَزْرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْجَزْرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَزْرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
جَزْرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَزْرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَزْرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
جَزْرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَزْرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
جَزْرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)


كركم

كُرْكُم (canonical)
kurkum (romanization)
كُرْكُم (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُرْكُم (definite informal singular triptote)
كُرْكُم (construct informal singular triptote)
كُرْكُمٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُرْكُمُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كُرْكُمُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كُرْكُمًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرْكُمَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كُرْكُمَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كُرْكُمٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرْكُمِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كُرْكُمِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Semitic cognates include Aramaic כּוּרְכְּמָא, ܟܽܘܪܟܡܳܐ (kurkmā), Akkadian 𒌑𒆪𒄀𒆸𒈾 (/kurkanū/), Hebrew כַּרְכֹּם / כַּרְכֹּום (karkom); however because of non-philological evidence it is a preferred assumption that the Arabic word comes via India, from Sanskrit कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma).
Akin to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwlkwm /kurkum/), Old Armenian քրքում (kʻrkʻum), Old Georgian ქურქუმაჲ (kurkumay), Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos).

cog

כּוּרְכְּמָא

Aramaic כּוּרְכְּמָא

כַּרְכֹּם / כַּרְכֹּום

Hebrew כַּרְכֹּם / כַּרְכֹּום (karkom)

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

Curcuma and especially Curcuma longa, turmeric, Indian saffron


مرو

مَرْو (canonical)
marw (romanization)
مَرْوَة (feminine singulative)
مَرْو (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الْمَرْو (collective definite informal triptote)
مَرْو (collective construct informal triptote)
مَرْوٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الْمَرْوُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
مَرْوُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
مَرْوًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الْمَرْوَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
مَرْوَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
مَرْوٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الْمَرْوِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
مَرْوِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
مَرْوَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
مَرْوَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
مَرْوَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْمَرْوَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
مَرْوَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
مَرْوَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الْمَرْوَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الْمَرْوَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْمَرْوَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْمَرْوَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
مَرْوَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

→ Translingual: Maerua; Origanum maru

From Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mlc' /marw/), related to Sanskrit मरुव (maruva, “marjoram”). Also found in مَرْدَقُوش (mardaqūš, “marjoram”). The Aramaic has been borrowed into Ancient Greek μᾶρον (mâron) and from Ancient Greek again into Arabic as مَارُون (mārūn, “Origanum syriacum”).
The stone senses, though plausibly deriving from the sense of a comminuted herb, recall Persian مروارید (marvârid, “pearl”). With this consideration مَرْو (marw, “pebble; flint; quartz”) is a doublet of مَرْجَان (marjān, “small pearls; corals”).

bor

Aramaic מַרְוָא

doublet

a. 625, الأعشى https://www.aldiwan.net/poem21981.htmlal-ʾaʿšā, edited by Geyer, Rudolf, Zwei Gedichte von Al-ʾAʿšâ (Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-historische Klasse; 149/6), volume Mâ Bukâʾu, Wien: In Kommission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, published 1905, page 58 l. 9:

(obsolete) odoriferous plants, fragrant herbs


كزبرة

ar-noun

كُزْبَرَة • (kuzbara) f

كُزْبَرَة (canonical)
kuzbara (romanization)
كُزْبَرَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُزْبَرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُزْبَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُزْبَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُزْبَرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
كُزْبَرَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Hebrew: כֻּסְבָּרָה

→ Hebrew: כֻּסְבָּרָה

Borrowed from Aramaic כסברה (kusbara, “coriander”), cognate with Classical Syriac ܟܽܘܣܒܰܪܬܳܐ (kūsbartā, “coriander”), derived from Akkadian 𒊺𒇽 (kisibirru, “coriander”). Likely interrelated with the Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बरी (kustumbarī, “coriander”), perhaps ultimately with a Dravidian origin; compare to Tamil கொத்தமல்லி (kottamalli, “coriander”).

cog

سفوف حب الرمان المقوى للمعدة والأمعاء
حب الرمان وحب الحصرم وحب العنب وحب الآس وخرنوب شامي وخرنوب نطبي وبلوط وكسفرة منقعة في ماء السماق مجففة وسماق من كل واحد جزء قرظ وطراثيث من كل واحد جزء ونصف ثم يحمص الجميع ويدق ويستعمل الشربة ثلاثة دراهم

a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 71 Nr. 77:

The pomegranate seed powder which strengthens the stomach and the intestines
Pomegranate seeds, the seeds of unripe grapes, the seeds of (ripe) grapes, myrtle seeds, Syrian carob, Nabataean carob, acorn, dried coriander soaked in sumach-water, and sumach one part of each; babul and desert-thumb one and a half parts of each. All (this) is then roasted, pounded, and a potion (may be made) by using three dirham (of it).

كُزْبَرَةُ الْبِئْرِ

black maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris

كُزْبَرَةُ الْثَعْلَبِ

pimpernel, Sanguisorba minor as also Anagallis arvensis

كُزْبَرَةُ الْمَلِكِ

Fumaria capreolata or Fumaria spicata or Fumaria muralis


رند

رَنْد (canonical)
rand (romanization)
رَنْد (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الرَّنْد (definite informal singular triptote)
رَنْد (construct informal singular triptote)
رَنْدٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّنْدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
رَنْدُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
رَنْدًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الرَّنْدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
رَنْدَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
رَنْدٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الرَّنْدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
رَنْدِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: rand

Akin to Old South Arabian 𐩧𐩬𐩵 (rnd, “Artemisia arborescens syn. Artemisia abyssinica”). Alleged to be a metathesis of what is found as Hebrew נֵרְדְּ (nerd), Aramaic נִרְדָּא (nirdā), נָרְדָּא (nārdā), ܢܪܕܐ (nārdā), Akkadian 𒆠𒆗 (HIRIM /lardu/), Ancient Greek νᾰ́ρδος (nárdos), Sanskrit नलद (nalada), and Arabic نَارْدِين (nārdīn).

doublet

نَارْدِين (nārdīn)

ويغرس في المواضع الرطب الكبيرة والندوة منها النشم والغرب والصفيراء والأيرج والميس والرند ويتوخى أن يكون شجر الأترج في مواضع مستور عن الريح الجوفية والريح الغربية مكشوف للريح القبلية.

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, Cap. 4, pages 154–155:

One plants on moist, spacious and humid places there elms, willows, planetree maples, citrons, hackberries, and laurels, and it is to be taken care that the citron is covered from northern and western winds and open for southeastern winds.

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual

(Yemen) Artemisia arborescens syn. Artemisia abyssinica


زعتر

ar-noun

زَعْتَر • (zaʕtar) m

زَعْتَر (canonical)
zaʕtar (romanization)
زَعْتَر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزَّعْتَر (definite informal singular triptote)
زَعْتَر (construct informal singular triptote)
زَعْتَرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزَّعْتَرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زَعْتَرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
زَعْتَرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّعْتَرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
زَعْتَرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
زَعْتَرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّعْتَرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
زَعْتَرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

q

from the form <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">صَعْتَر</i> (ṣaʕtar)

Maltese: sagħtar (from the form صَعْتَر (ṣaʕtar))

desc

Moroccan Arabic: زعتر (zaʕtar), صحتر (ṣaḥtar) (from the form صَعْتَر (ṣaʕtar))

Sicilian: satra

→ Middle Armenian: զահթեր (zahtʻer), սադիր (sadir)

→ Armenian: զաթար (zatʻar)

سعتر ,زعتر ,زاتر

→ Ottoman Turkish: سعتر (zater, sater)/زعتر (zater, sater)/زاتر (zater, sater)

Turkish: zater, sater

→ Swahili: zaatari

Assumed to be from Aramaic צתרא (ṣaṯrā, ṣāṯrā) / ܨܬܪܐ (ṣaṯrā, ṣāṯrā), the /a/ + /ʕ/ in Arabic a regular resolution of /aː/ giving a word an Arabic shape, like in Arabic لَعْل (laʕl) for Persian لال (lâl), or the /ʕ/ was previously present in Aramaic too. The form with the onset corresponding to the Aramaic, صَعْتَر (ṣaʕtar), is the most classical in Arabic.
The ultimate origin is speculative; the word is also found in Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā), Kurdish catirî, جاترە (catre), Middle Armenian ծոթրին (cotʻrin), and Latin saturēia. In one old view all are ultimately from the Latin term, the origin of which is unknown.
In Mandaville’s conception, there is an “old demonstrative s” seen in Akkadian 𒊭 (/ša/) “with the semantic effect of” Arabic ذُو (ḏū) prefixed to عِطْر (ʕiṭr, “scent”), hence the word means “that which has scent”. (Or is it the plant name عِتْر (ʕitr)? He writes ʿitr and glosses it “perfume”.)
However the oldest forms seem to be found in Akkadian 𒌑𒍝𒋼𒊒 (^(U₂).za-te-ru /zateru, ṣateru/, “savory and the Origanum family”) found in lexical lists connected to Akkadian 𒌑𒈛𒈥𒌅 (^(U₂).LUḪ.MAR.TU /šibburratu/, “an aromatic herb”) and Akkadian 𒍝𒄠𒁍𒊒𒊬 (za-am-bu-ru^(SAR) /zambūru/, “thyme”).
Of further curiosity is the possible attestation of the /ʕ/ preserved in cuneiform; it is common for the zero reflex of /ʕ/, to only be detectable in Akkadian by the e-coloring of an adjacent *a. The distance between Arabic and Akkadian and the lack of its presence in their likely intermediaries, possibly suggests a form of further common origin, albeit with a metathesis of /ʕ/ and /t/, and a retention of that form in Arabic, but not so in other Semitic tongues.

bor

ṣaṯrā, ṣāṯrā

unknown

speculative

cog

Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā)


شبث

ar-noun

شِبِثّ • (šibiṯṯ) m

شِبِثّ (canonical)
šibiṯṯ (romanization)
شِبِثّ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشِّبِثّ (definite informal singular triptote)
شِبِثّ (construct informal singular triptote)
شِبِثٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشِّبِثُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
شِبِثُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
شِبِثًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّبِثَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
شِبِثَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
شِبِثٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّبِثِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شِبِثِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)

From Aramaic שִׁיבְתָא (šiḇəṯā), ܫܒܷܬܴ݁ܐ (šəḇettā), from Akkadian 𒅆𒂍𒌈 (/šibittu/). Cognate to Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ) and Persian شوید (ševid).

bor

Aramaic שִׁיבְתָא (šiḇəṯā)

cog

Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ)


شمر

ar-noun

شَمَر • (šamar) m

شَمَر (canonical)
šamar (romanization)
شَمَر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشَّمَر (definite informal singular triptote)
شَمَر (construct informal singular triptote)
شَمَرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّمَرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
شَمَرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
شَمَرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّمَرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
شَمَرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
شَمَرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّمَرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شَمَرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

ar:شمرة (نبات)

From Aramaic, where attested forms include Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סִמְרָא, סִימְרָא (simrā), absolute state סְמַר (smar), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic שומרא (šummārā), Classical Syriac ܫܲܡܵܪܵܐ (šammārā) and ܫܘܼܡܵܪܵܐ (šummārā), all meaning fennel, deriving from Akkadian 𒌑𒄩 (šimru, simru, “fennel”), also found in Hebrew שֻׁמָּר (šummā́r, “fennel”) and שָׁמִיר (šāmī́r, “dill”), and likely Ugaritic 𐎘𐎎𐎗 (ṯmr, “likely fennel”). Related to Old Armenian շամրայ (šamray), շումրայ (šumray), a Semitic borrowing.


عشب

عُشْب (canonical)
ʕušb (romanization)
عُشْبَة (feminine singulative)
أَعْشَاب (plural)
عُشْب (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الْعُشْب (collective definite informal triptote)
عُشْب (collective construct informal triptote)
عُشْبٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الْعُشْبُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
عُشْبُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
عُشْبًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الْعُشْبَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
عُشْبَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
عُشْبٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الْعُشْبِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
عُشْبِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
عُشْبَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
عُشْبَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
عُشْبَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْعُشْبَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
عُشْبَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
عُشْبَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الْعُشْبَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الْعُشْبَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْعُشْبَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْعُشْبَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
عُشْبَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
أَعْشَاب (broken-form feminine indefinite informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَعْشَاب (broken-form definite feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَاب (broken-form construct feminine informal paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابٌ (broken-form feminine indefinite nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَعْشَابُ (broken-form definite feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابُ (broken-form construct feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابًا (accusative broken-form feminine indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَعْشَابَ (accusative broken-form definite feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابَ (accusative broken-form construct feminine paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابٍ (broken-form feminine genitive indefinite paucal plural sound-form triptote)
الْأَعْشَابِ (broken-form definite feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)
أَعْشَابِ (broken-form construct feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form triptote)

From the root ع ش ب (ʕ-š-b). Cognate with Hebrew עשב (ʿēśeḇ). Compare also عَشِبَ (ʕašiba, “to dry up, get stale”).

ar-root

ع ش ب (ʕ-š-b)

fresh, green, juicy, soft or tender herbs or herbage


قلاع

ar-noun

قَلَاع • (qalāʕ) m


قسوس

قَسُّوس • (qassūs) m

قَسُّوس (canonical)
qassūs (romanization)
قَسُّوس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَسُّوس (definite informal singular triptote)
قَسُّوس (construct informal singular triptote)
قَسُّوسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَسُّوسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَسُّوسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قَسُّوسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَسُّوسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَسُّوسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قَسُّوسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَسُّوسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قَسُّوسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

قِسْتُوس قستوس#Arabic

Alternative form of قِسْتُوس (qistūs, “gum cistus”)


بصل

بَصَل (canonical)
baṣal (romanization)
بَصَلَة (feminine singulative)
بَصَل (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الْبَصَل (collective definite informal triptote)
بَصَل (collective construct informal triptote)
بَصَلٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الْبَصَلُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
بَصَلُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
بَصَلًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الْبَصَلَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
بَصَلَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
بَصَلٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الْبَصَلِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
بَصَلِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
بَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

Maltese: basal

→ Afar: básal

→ Beja: basal

→ Bole: àlbasàr

→ Ge'ez: በጸል (bäṣäl), ቦጸል (boṣäl)

→ Hausa: àlbasā̀

→ Nupe: àlùbása

desc

àlùbọ́sà, àlùbásà

→ Yoruba: àlùbọ́sà, àlùbásà

→ Gun: àlùbásà

→ Krio: yabas

→ Igbo: yabasị

→ Jina: àlbasàr

→ Kanuri: albasar

→ Mabaan: bacan

→ Saho: basal

→ Sindhi: بصر (basar)

→ Somali: basal

→ Tigre: በጸል (bäṣäl)

Akin to Hebrew בָּצָל (bāṣā́l), Phoenician 𐤁𐤑𐤋 (bṣl), Aramaic בּוּצְלָא (būṣlā), Classical Syriac ܒܶܨܠܳܐ (beṣlā), Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩮𐩡 (bṣl), Mehri béṣál, Shehri béṣál, Soqotri biṣle. With a sound change it is also found in Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒊒 (bisru, bišru; biṣru, “leek, a plant or bulb covered in a skin”), a variation influenced or conflated with Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒀸 (biṣrum, “container, pouch, wrapping”), related also to Akkadian 𒁍𒊻𒍪𒊒𒌝 (buṣṣurum, “to tear apart, to peel”) specifically attested about garlic (a type of onion) and Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒍪𒀸 (biṣṣūrum, “vulva, labia, folds of skin”).

cog

Hebrew בָּצָל (bāṣā́l)

Aramaic בּוּצְלָא (būṣlā)


قرة

قُرَّة (canonical)
qurra (romanization)
قُرَّة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقُرَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
قُرَّة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
قُرَّةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُرَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
قُرَّةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
قُرَّةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُرَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
قُرَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
قُرَّةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُرَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
قُرَّةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)


أشق

ar-noun

أُشَّق • (ʔuššaq) m

أُشَّق (canonical)
ʔuššaq (romanization)
أُشَّق (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْأُشَّق (definite informal singular triptote)
أُشَّق (construct informal singular triptote)
أُشَّقٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُشَّقُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أُشَّقُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
أُشَّقًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْأُشَّقَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
أُشَّقَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
أُشَّقٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْأُشَّقِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
أُشَّقِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Book Pahlavi
es:Revista de Filología Española

qual

→ Middle Armenian: աւշակ (awšak), օշակ (ōšak), օշախ (ōšax), աւշախ (awšax), օշաղ (ōšaġ), օշ (ōš), աւշ (awš), վաշակ (vašak), վաշախ (vašax), վաշաղ (vašaġ) (some of the forms probably from Iranian)

→ Medieval Latin: alaſach (Spain, emended from aſaſach)

desc

→ Old Spanish: alguaxaque, aluaxaque, aluahasaque, aluasaque, alguaxac, arguaxaque

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܘܫܩ (ʾawšāq)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾk /wašak/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšk /wašak/), attested at least thrice in Book Pahlavi and once in Classical Syriac ܘܣܩܐ (wasqā), once in Classical Mandaic ࡀࡅࡎࡒࡀ (wasqā), denoting in each case a kind of ceremonial drink employed by Zoroastrians in place of wine, which matches gum ammoniac as this was employed in antiquity for its emollient, swelling-atoning and limb-pain-relieving effect, and apparently the drink was called after ammoniacum it was composed of, as the later Classical Persian وشه (wuša) and اشه (oša) and the Arabic are known to mean gum ammoniac, and one finds a Byzantine Greek οὐσάκ (ousák) glossed as ammoniacum.
The measure of the Arabic word is also KaLaM, not only KuLLaM.

bor

gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, obtained from the said plants


ريحان

رَيْحَان (canonical)
rayḥān (romanization)
رَيْحَانَة (feminine singulative)
رَيَاحِين (plural)
رَيْحَان (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الرَّيْحَان (collective definite informal triptote)
رَيْحَان (collective construct informal triptote)
رَيْحَانٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
رَيْحَانُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
رَيْحَانًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
رَيْحَانَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
رَيْحَانٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الرَّيْحَانِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
رَيْحَانِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
رَيْحَانَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
رَيْحَانَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الرَّيْحَانَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الرَّيْحَانَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الرَّيْحَانَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الرَّيْحَانَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
رَيْحَانَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
رَيَاحِين (broken-form diptote feminine indefinite informal paucal plural sound-form)
الرَّيَاحِين (broken-form definite diptote feminine informal paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِين (broken-form construct diptote feminine informal paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينُ (broken-form diptote feminine indefinite nominative paucal plural sound-form)
الرَّيَاحِينُ (broken-form definite diptote feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينُ (broken-form construct diptote feminine nominative paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote feminine indefinite paucal plural sound-form)
الرَّيَاحِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote feminine paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote feminine paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينَ (broken-form diptote feminine genitive indefinite paucal plural sound-form)
الرَّيَاحِينِ (broken-form definite diptote feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form)
رَيَاحِينِ (broken-form construct diptote feminine genitive paucal plural sound-form)

Maltese: riħan

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ռահան (ṙahan), ըռահան (əṙahan), ռէհան (ṙēhan)

desctree

Armenian: ռեհան (ṙehan), ռէհան (ṙēhan) — Alashkert, Akhaltsikhe, Ararat, Mush, New Julfa, րէ՛հան (rḗhan) — Tbilisi, ըռեհան (əṙehan) — Goris, Erzurum, Karabakh, Mush, ըռեհան (əṙehan) — Sivas, ըռահան (əṙahan) — Akn, ռա̈՛հա̈ն (ṙä́hän) — Agulis, ռըհա̈ն (ṙəhän) — Moks, ըռըհա (əṙəha) — Aslanbeg, ըռհան (əṙhan) — Kharberd, Salmas, ըռհա̈ն (əṙhän) — Van, ռէյհան (ṙēyhan) — Shamakhi, ըռեյին (əṙeyin) — Tekirdağ, րա̈հա̈ն (rähän) — Diyarbakır, ըռահօն (əṙahōn), ըռահոն (əṙahon) — Zeitun, ըռռիհուն (əṙṙihun) — Svedia
→ Udi: ираьгьаьн (irähän)

→ Azerbaijani: reyhan

→ Bashkir: рәйхан (rəyxan)

→ Georgian: რეჰანი (rehani)

desc

→ Hebrew: רֵיחָן (rēḥā́n)

→ Hebrew: רֵיחָן (rēḥā́n)

→ Kazakh: райхан (raixan)

→ Russian: райха́н (rajxán)

→ Ukrainian: райха́н (rajxán)

→ Northern Kurdish: riḧan, rihan, rehan, reyhan, rêhan, rêhane

→ Persian: ریحان (reyhân, reyhân), ریاحین pl (rayâhin), ریحانه (Reyhâne)

Tajik: райҳон (rayhon)

→ Uzbek: rayxon

→ Portuguese: Arrifana

→ Somali: reexaan

→ Spanish: arrayán

→ Swahili: mrehani

→ Tatar: рәйхан (räyxan)

→ Tigre: ርሓን (rəḥan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ریحان (reyhan; Reyhan), ریاحین pl (reyahin)

Turkish: reyhan

→ Turkmen: reýhan

رِيح (rīḥ, “scent, odor”) + ـَان (-ān). Judging by the form and early meaning, Löw and Nöldeke opt for a borrowing from Aramaic ריחא / ܪܝܚܐ (rēḥā), which is widely used in the plural, ריחני / ܪ̈ܝܚ̈ܢܐ (rēḥānē) in the construct state, for various aromatics.

وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ / فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَٱلنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ ٱلْأَكْمَامِ / وَٱلْحَبُّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْفِ وَٱلرَّيْحَانُ

And the earth has He spread out for all living beings, with fruit thereon, and palm trees with sheathed clusters [of dates], and grain growing tall on its stalks, and sweet-smelling plants.

wal-ʔarḍa waḍaʕahā lilʔanāmi / fīhā fākihatun wan-naḵlu ḏātu l-ʔakmāmi / wal-ḥabbu ḏū l-ʕaṣfi war-rayḥānu

(now literary, often in the plural) fragrant plant, aromatic herb

a. 1283, Abū Yahyā Zakariyāʾ ibn Muhammad al-Qazwīnīy, edited by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات [ʿajāʾib al-maḵlūqāt wa-ḡarāʾib al-mawjūdāt], Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, published 1849, pages 284–285:

والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:

About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.

(al-Andalus, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Cyprus) myrtle (Myrtus gen. et spp.)


حبق

ar-verb

حَبَقَ • (ḥabaqa) I (non-past يَحْبِقُ (yaḥbiqu), verbal noun حَبْق (ḥabq) or حُباق (ḥubāq))

حَبَقَ (canonical)
ḥabaqa (romanization)
يَحْبِقُ (non-past)
حَبْق (noun-from-verb)
حُباق (noun-from-verb)
حَبْق (noun-from-verb)
حُباق (noun-from-verb)
حَابِق (active participle)
مَحْبُوق (participle passive)
حَبَقْتُ (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective singular)
حَبَقْتَ (active indicative masculine past perfective second-person singular)
حَبَقَ (active indicative masculine past perfective singular third-person)
حَبَقْتُمَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective second-person)
حَبَقَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective third-person)
حَبَقْنَا (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective plural)
حَبَقْتُمْ (active indicative masculine past perfective plural second-person)
حَبَقُوا (active indicative masculine past perfective plural third-person)
حَبَقْتُ (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective singular)
حَبَقْتِ (active feminine indicative past perfective second-person singular)
حَبَقَتْ (active feminine indicative past perfective singular third-person)
حَبَقْتُمَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective second-person)
حَبَقَتَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective third-person)
حَبَقْنَا (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective plural)
حَبَقْتُنَّ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural second-person)
حَبَقْنَ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural third-person)
أَحْبِقُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular)
تَحْبِقُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person singular)
يَحْبِقُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular third-person)
تَحْبِقَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person)
يَحْبِقَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past third-person)
نَحْبِقُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural)
تَحْبِقُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural second-person)
يَحْبِقُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural third-person)
أَحْبِقُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past singular)
تَحْبِقِينَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person singular)
تَحْبِقُ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past singular third-person)
تَحْبِقَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person)
تَحْبِقَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past third-person)
نَحْبِقُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past plural)
تَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural second-person)
يَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural third-person)
أَحْبِقَ (active first-person masculine singular subjunctive)
تَحْبِقَ (active masculine second-person singular subjunctive)
يَحْبِقَ (active masculine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual masculine second-person subjunctive)
يَحْبِقَا (active dual masculine subjunctive third-person)
نَحْبِقَ (active first-person masculine plural subjunctive)
تَحْبِقُوا (active masculine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَحْبِقُوا (active masculine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَحْبِقَ (active feminine first-person singular subjunctive)
تَحْبِقِي (active feminine second-person singular subjunctive)
تَحْبِقَ (active feminine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual feminine second-person subjunctive)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual feminine subjunctive third-person)
نَحْبِقَ (active feminine first-person plural subjunctive)
تَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَحْبِقْ (active first-person jussive masculine singular)
تَحْبِقْ (active jussive masculine second-person singular)
يَحْبِقْ (active jussive masculine singular third-person)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual jussive masculine second-person)
يَحْبِقَا (active dual jussive masculine third-person)
نَحْبِقْ (active first-person jussive masculine plural)
تَحْبِقُوا (active jussive masculine plural second-person)
يَحْبِقُوا (active jussive masculine plural third-person)
أَحْبِقْ (active feminine first-person jussive singular)
تَحْبِقِي (active feminine jussive second-person singular)
تَحْبِقْ (active feminine jussive singular third-person)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual feminine jussive second-person)
تَحْبِقَا (active dual feminine jussive third-person)
نَحْبِقْ (active feminine first-person jussive plural)
تَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine jussive plural second-person)
يَحْبِقْنَ (active feminine jussive plural third-person)
اِحْبِقْ (active imperative masculine second-person singular)
اِحْبِقَا (active dual imperative masculine second-person)
اِحْبِقُوا (active imperative masculine plural second-person)
اِحْبِقِي (active feminine imperative second-person singular)
اِحْبِقَا (active dual feminine imperative second-person)
اِحْبِقْنَ (active feminine imperative plural second-person)
حُبِقَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective singular third-person)
يُحْبَقُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular third-person)
يُحْبَقَ (masculine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
يُحْبَقْ (jussive masculine passive singular third-person)


حبق

ar-noun

حَبَق • (ḥabaq) m

حَبَق (canonical)
ḥabaq (romanization)
حَبَق (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْحَبَق (definite informal singular triptote)
حَبَق (construct informal singular triptote)
حَبَقٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْحَبَقُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
حَبَقُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
حَبَقًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْحَبَقَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
حَبَقَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
حَبَقٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْحَبَقِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
حَبَقِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: ħabaq

desc

→ Catalan: alfàbrega, alfabaguera, alfabreguera, alfàbega

→ Spanish: alhábega

→ Galician: alfábega

→ Ladino: alhavaka

→ Portuguese: alfavaca, alfabaca, alfádega, alfávega

desctree

→ Old Spanish: albafaca
Spanish: albahaca
Asturian: albahaca

Abu Hanifa Dinawari
Al-Hirah
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Ibn al-Baitar
ar:حبق

From the root ح ب ق (ḥ-b-q) meaning “to break wind or pass gas”, “to change the smell of air”; originally applied to a wide range of odorous herbs, so called for the aroma released when rubbing such plants. See رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil”) for similar semantic development. Cognates with Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”) which has been borrowed as حَوْك (ḥawk); although the ending of the form حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā), which was used in the sense of “sweet clover (Melilotus); horned trefoil (Trigonella corniculata)” in 9th century Iraq, may point to a loan from Aramaic, of which the Syriac and Arabic would be the only, late remnants.

doublet

حَوْك (ḥawk)

lang

حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي

حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي

حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي

(now especially) basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)

a general name for aromatic Lamiaceae
basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual

(Classical Arabic) mint (Mentha spp.), when without any qualifier then usually pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)


هيل

هَيْل (canonical)
hayl (romanization)
هَيْل (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْهَيْل (definite informal singular triptote)
هَيْل (construct informal singular triptote)
هَيْلٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْهَيْلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
هَيْلُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
هَيْلًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْهَيْلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
هَيْلَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
هَيْلٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْهَيْلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
هَيْلِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Gulf Arabic: هيل (hēl)

Hijazi Arabic: هيل pl (hēl)

→ Amharic: ሔል (ḥel)

→ Hebrew: הֶל (hel)

→ Middle Armenian: հիլ (hil)

→ Somali: heeyl

→ Tigrinya: ሄል (hel)

From early Persian هیل (hil), from Sanskrit एला (elā), from Proto-Dravidian *ēla (“cardamom”).


كراث

ar-noun

كُرَّاث or كَرَّاث • (kurrāṯ or karrāṯ) m

كُرَّاث (canonical)
كَرَّاث (canonical)
kurrāṯ (romanization)
karrāṯ (romanization)
كُرَّاث (indefinite informal singular triptote)
كَرَّاث (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاث (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاث (definite informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاث (construct informal singular triptote)
كَرَّاث (construct informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
كَرَّاثٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَرَّاثُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
كَرَّاثًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كُرَّاثَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَرَّاثَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
كَرَّاثٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كُرَّاثِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
كَرَّاثِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: kurrat, korrat

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քուռաթ (kʻuṙatʻ, “leek”), քուռիաթ (kʻuṙiatʻ), քուռութ (kʻuṙutʻ), քուռուս (kʻuṙus)

Armenian: քուռաթ (kʻuṙatʻ), քուռութ (kʻuṙutʻ)

→ English: kurrat

→ French: kurrat

Borrowed from Aramaic כרתא / ܟܪܬܐ (karrāṯā), from Akkadian 𒂵𒆜𒊬 (GA.KASKAL^(SAR), GA.RAŠ^(SAR) /karašu/), from Sumerian 𒂵𒆜𒊬 (GA.KASKAL^(SAR), GA.RAŠ^(SAR) /garaš/). Also Hebrew כְּרֵשָׁה (kərēšā́).

cog

Hebrew כְּרֵשָׁה (kərēšā́)

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium kurrat
Allium kurrat#Translingual

leek (specifically a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum called Allium kurrat)


كرفس

كَرَفْس (canonical)
karafs (romanization)
كَرَفْس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَرَفْس (definite informal singular triptote)
كَرَفْس (construct informal singular triptote)
كَرَفْسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَرَفْسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَرَفْسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَرَفْسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَرَفْسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَرَفْسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَرَفْسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَرَفْسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كَرَفْسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (klps /karafs/, “celery”), from Classical Syriac ܟܪܦܣܐ (kərap̄sā).


طرخون

ar-noun

طَرْخُون • (ṭarḵūn) m

طَرْخُون (canonical)
ṭarḵūn (romanization)
طَرْخُون (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الطَّرْخُون (definite informal singular triptote)
طَرْخُون (construct informal singular triptote)
طَرْخُونٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الطَّرْخُونُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
طَرْخُونُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
طَرْخُونًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّرْخُونَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
طَرْخُونَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
طَرْخُونٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّرْخُونِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
طَرْخُونِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Andalusian Arabic: طرخون

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: թարխուն (tʻarxun), տարղօն (tarġōn), թարղօն (tʻarġōn), տարխոն (tarxon), տարղուն (tarġun), տարղոն (tarġon)
Armenian: թարխուն (tʻarxun)

→ Azerbaijani: tərxun

→ Georgian: ტარხუნა (ṭarxuna)

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: ταρχόν (tarkhón), τραχόν (trakhón)

desctree

→ Bulgarian: та́рос (táros), та́рхос (tárhos), та́рхус (tárhus), та́рус (tárus)
→ Macedonian: тарос (taros)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (isolated)

Cyrillic script: тркос

Latin script: trkos

desc

→ Medieval Latin: tarhon, tarchon, tarcon, altarcon, tragon, tragum, dragon, dragum

→ Danish: dragon, dragun

→ Middle French: targon, dragon, estargon, estragon

French: estargon, estragon (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: *dragon

Dutch: dragon

→ English: tarragon

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тарагон

Latin script: taragon

→ German: Dragon, Dragun, Drachant, Drach, Trach

→ Polish: draganek

→ Hungarian: tárkony

→ Serbo-Croatian: (isolated)

Cyrillic script: таркањ

Latin script: tarkanj

→ Irish: dragan

→ Italian: targone, dragone

→ Manx: dragane

→ Swedish: dragon

→ Finnish: rakuuna

→ Persian: ترخون (tarxun)

→ Russian: тарху́н (tarxún)

→ Ukrainian: тарху́н (tarxún)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرخون (tarhun, tarhon)
Turkish: tarhun
→ Aromanian: tãrhúne
→ Bulgarian: тарху́н (tarhún) (regional)
→ Macedonian: тархун (tarhun) (regional)
→ Romanian: tarhón
→ Serbo-Croatian: tarhun (isolated in Bosnia)

From Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “edder-wort, Dracunculus vulgaris”, a plant with similar leaves, confused in pharmacopoeiae as both plants were not everywhere available), from δράκων (drákōn, “dragon, serpent”) relating to the shape of its leaves.

der

طرخون: الماهية: هو معروف قالوا: أن عاقر قرحا هو أصل الطرخون الجبلي.
الطبع: الظاهر أنه حار يابس إلى الثانية وإن كانت فيه قوة مخدرة.
وقال بعض من لا يعتمد عليهِ: إنه حار يابس.
الخواص: هو يجفف الرطوبات منشف لها وفيه تبريد ما نافع.
أعضاء النفس: يحدث وجع الحلق.
أعضاء الغذاء: عسر الهضم.
أعضاء النفض: يقطع شهوة الباه.

Estragon: The quality: Well known, the say: That the Mount Atlas daisy is the root of the mountain estragon.
The nature: It appears hot and dry in the second grade, perchance of anesthetizing power.
Some who do not rely upon it say: It is hot and dry.
The peculiarities: It dries moistures, cleansing them, and there is a nice cooling effect.
Personal body parts: It causes ache of the throat.
Eating body parts: Hardship of digestion.
Beating organs: It cuts libido.

الثمرا هي من أنواع الشبرم وفي كتاب ابن سينا الشبرم ينبت في البساتين له قصب دقيق مستو ذو زغب وورق كورق الطرخون فيما أفدر وله لين

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, Cap. 30, Art. 14, page 388:

The ṯamrā is a type of spurge and in Avicenna’s book the spurge grows in gardens and has tender and even sticks of down and leaves like the leaves of tarragon but larger and it is supple.

Artemisia dracunculus
Artemisia dracunculus#Translingual

tarragon, estragon (Artemisia dracunculus, growing plant and processed form)


أنيسون

ar-noun

أَنِيسُون • (ʔanīsūn) m

أَنِيسُون (canonical)
ʔanīsūn (romanization)
أَنِيسُون (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْأَنِيسُون (definite informal singular triptote)
أَنِيسُون (construct informal singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَنِيسُونُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَنِيسُونَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَنِيسُونِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
أَنِيسُونِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Persian: انیسون (anisun)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: آناصون (anason, anasun) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), ultimately from Egyptian jnst.


كلخ

ar-noun

كَلْخ • (kalḵ) m

كَلْخ (canonical)
kalḵ (romanization)
كَلْخ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَلْخ (definite informal singular triptote)
كَلْخ (construct informal singular triptote)
كَلْخٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَلْخُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَلْخُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَلْخًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَلْخَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَلْخَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَلْخٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَلْخِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كَلْخِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

From older قَلْح (qalḥ), from قِلَحْلَاح (qilaḥlāḥ), from Classical Syriac ܩܠܚܠܚܐ (qlaḥlāḥā, “giant fennel”), or the first form is directly from a specialized meaning of the source word this is augmented from, קַלְחָא (qalḥā), קוּלְחָא (qulḥā), קִילְחָא (qilḥā, “stalk, stem”). Compare also لَحْلَاح (laḥlāḥ, “Colchicum spp.”) to which in turn a general meaning of the augmentative form has lead.


أنجدان

ar-noun

أَنْجُدَان • (ʔanjudān) m

أَنْجُدَان (canonical)
ʔanjudān (romanization)
أَنْجُدَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْأَنْجُدَان (definite informal singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَان (construct informal singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَنْجُدَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَنْجُدَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَنْجُدَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
أَنْجُدَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: անճուտան (ančutan), անճիտան (ančitan)

→ Old Catalan: alanjoden

→ Persian: انجدان (anjodân)

Borrowed from Persian انگدان (angodân), from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu.

قال ديسقوريدوس في كتابه ان الحلتيث صمغ الانجدان و ذكر بان يشرط اصله وساقه ثم بعد الشرط يسيل منه الحلتيث […]

1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 174:

Dioscurides said in his book that hing is the resin of the Ferula assa-foetida and he notified that its stem and its foot is slit and then, after the slitting, the hing flows from it. […]

Ferula species that produce asafoetida, such as F. foetida and F. assa-foetida


لبلاب

ar-noun

لَبْلَاب • (lablāb) m

لَبْلَاب (canonical)
lablāb (romanization)
لَبْلَاب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
اللَّبْلَاب (definite informal singular triptote)
لَبْلَاب (construct informal singular triptote)
لَبْلَابٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
اللَّبْلَابُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
لَبْلَابُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
لَبْلَابًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّبْلَابَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
لَبْلَابَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
لَبْلَابٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّبْلَابِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
لَبْلَابِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: լաբլաբ (lablab), լապլապ (laplap)

Clipping of حِلَبْلَاب (ḥilablāb), from Classical Syriac ܚܒܱܠܒܳܠܴܐ (ḥᵊbalbālā); another derivative of ܚܰܠܒ݂ܳܐ (ḥalbā, “milk”) – based on the “milk”-giving qualities of the ivy –, as also حُلْبَة (ḥulba, “fenugreek”), حُلْبُوب (ḥulbūb, “mercury”), and حُلَّب (ḥullab, “Flueggea tinctoria; Euphorbia aegyptiaca and Euphorbia granulata”) which is also transmitted as حِلِبْلَاب (ḥiliblāb). And the same scheme of clipping is found in لَحْلَاح (laḥlāḥ, “meadow-saffron”).

لبلاب: الطبع: معتدل إلى حرارة ما ويبس لين وعند الخوزي أنه بارد.
الخواص: محلل مفتح والمعروف منه بحبل المسحين فيه أرضية قابضة ومنائية ملينة وحرافة فارية والجفوف يبطل المائية منها وفيه تنقية.
الزينة: لبن اللبلاب للعظيم يحلق الشعرويقتل القمل.
الجراح والقروح ة ورق جبل المسكين الطري صالح للخراجات الكبار يدملها مطبوخاً في الشراب وينفع ضماداً على حرق النار وخصوصاً مع القيروطي فلذلك لاتظيرله.
أعضاء الرأس: يقطرعصيره الأذن الوجعة بقطنة خصوصاً مع دهن الورد وخصوصاً إذا كان الورم حاراً وينفع للصداع المزمن وعصارته تنفع من المادة المنحلبة إلى الأذن إذا أزمنت وللقروح للعتيقة فيها.
أعضاء النفس: جيد للصدروالرئة وينقي الربو.
أعضاء الغذاء: يفتح سدد الكبد وورقة بالخل جيد للطحال.
أعضاء النفض: ماؤه يسهل الصفراء المحرقة وإذا لم يطبخ كان أقوى.
وصنف اللبلاب رديء يسهل الدم.

plants looking similar to ivy
poison ivy, Toxicodendron gen. et spp.

اللَبلاب بارد رديء للمعدة يطلق البطن ويغثّي ويُكرب.

a. 1222, نَجِيب الدِّين السَّمَرْقَنْدِيّ [najīb ad-dīn as-samarqandiyy], edited by Juliane Müller, كِتَاب الْأَغْذِيَة وَٱلْأَشْرِبَة [kitāb al-ʔaḡdiya wa-l-ʔǎšriba] (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 101), Leiden: Brill, published 2017, →ISBN, page 204:

Field bindweed is cold, bad for the stomach, throws it and purges it and wreaks grief.

plants looking similar to ivy
bindweed, Convolvulus gen. et spp.

اللبلاب حار يابس يلين البطن ويخرج الصفراء.

850–861, علي بن سهل ربن الطبري [ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī], edited by Oliver Kahl, ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Health Regimen or “Book of the Pearl” كتاب اللؤلؤة (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 115), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →ISBN, § 138, page 126:

Hyacinth beans are hot and dry and soften the stomach and expel the yellow bile.

hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus, Dolichos lablab, Dolichos purpureus)

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual


إذخر

إِذْخِر (canonical)
ʔiḏḵir (romanization)
إِذْخِرَة (feminine singulative)
إِذْخِر (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الْإِذْخِر (collective definite informal triptote)
إِذْخِر (collective construct informal triptote)
إِذْخِرٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
إِذْخِرُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
إِذْخِرًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
إِذْخِرَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
إِذْخِرٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الْإِذْخِرِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
إِذْخِرِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
إِذْخِرَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْإِذْخِرَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
إِذْخِرَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الْإِذْخِرَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الْإِذْخِرَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْإِذْخِرَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْإِذْخِرَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
إِذْخِرَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

→ Middle Armenian: աթխար (atʻxar), ադխար (adxar), ադկար (adkar), իթխիր (itʻxir)


شيح

ar-noun

شِيح • (šīḥ) m (plural شِيَاح (šiyāḥ))

شِيح (canonical)
šīḥ (romanization)
شِيَاح (plural)
شِيح (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشِّيح (definite informal singular triptote)
شِيح (construct informal singular triptote)
شِيحٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشِّيحُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
شِيحُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
شِيحًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّيحَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
شِيحَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
شِيحٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّيحِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شِيحِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
شِيحَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشِّيحَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
شِيحَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
شِيحَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشِّيحَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
شِيحَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
شِيحَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّيحَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
شِيحَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
شِيحَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشِّيحَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
شِيحَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
شِيَاح (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الشِّيَاح (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
شِيَاح (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
شِيَاحٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الشِّيَاحُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
شِيَاحُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
شِيَاحًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الشِّيَاحَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
شِيَاحَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
شِيَاحٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الشِّيَاحِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
شِيَاحِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Middle Armenian: շէհ (šēh)

Borrowed from Aramaic attested as Classical Syriac ܣܝܺܚܳܐ (sīḥā) and ܫܝܺܚܳܐ (šīḥā, “Artemisia judaica”), as well as in Hebrew שִׂיחַ (síaḵ, “Artemisia judaica; shoot, shrub”) and in Akkadian 𒋛𒄿𒈝 (sīḫum, “wormwood”). Perhaps related to the root ش ي ع (š-y-ʕ), meaning “to spread”, “to sprout out”, “to come forth”; compare شَيْعَة (šayʕa, “bush, short tree”).

ar-root

ش ي ع (š-y-ʕ)


مردقوش

ar-noun

مَرْدَقُوش • (mardaqūš) m

مَرْدَقُوش (canonical)
mardaqūš (romanization)
مَرْدَقُوش (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَرْدَقُوش (definite informal singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوش (construct informal singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَرْدَقُوشُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَرْدَقُوشَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَرْدَقُوشِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
مَرْدَقُوشِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Catalan: marduix, moraduix

desc

→ Spanish: almoraduj, almoradux, almoraduz, almoradijo

From Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܓܫ (mardaguš, “marjoram”), derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (mlcngwš /marzangōš/, “marjoram”), which itself was borrowed directly in the more classical form مَرْزَنْجُوش (marzanjūš), also as Middle Armenian մարզանգոշ (marzangoš). The first element [script needed] (mlc' /marw/) is easily identified as a generic term for any herb, compare Sanskrit मरुव (maruva, “marjoram”), a term which is actually witnessed by Arabic مَرْو (marw, “odoriferous plants herbs; Maerua; pebbles; flints; quartz”).


نمام

ar-noun

نَمَّام • (nammām) m (plural نَمَّامُون (nammāmūn), feminine نَمَّامَة (nammāma))

نَمَّام (canonical)
nammām (romanization)
نَمَّامُون (plural)
نَمَّامَة (feminine)
نَمَّام (indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّام (definite informal masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّام (construct informal masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَة (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَة (ar-infl-a definite feminine informal singular triptote)
نَمَّامَة (ar-infl-a construct feminine informal singular triptote)
نَمَّامٌ (indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
النَّمَّامُ (definite masculine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامُ (construct masculine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةٌ (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَةُ (ar-infl-a definite feminine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةُ (ar-infl-a construct feminine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامًا (accusative indefinite masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَ (accusative definite masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَ (accusative construct masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةً (accusative ar-infl-a feminine indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite feminine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct feminine singular triptote)
نَمَّامٍ (genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّامِ (definite genitive masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامِ (construct genitive masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةٍ (ar-infl-a feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَةِ (ar-infl-a definite feminine genitive singular triptote)
نَمَّامَةِ (ar-infl-a construct feminine genitive singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْن (dual indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَيْن (definite dual informal masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْ (construct dual informal masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine informal singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine informal singular triptote)
نَمَّامَانِ (dual indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَانِ (definite dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَا (construct dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَيْنِ (accusative definite dual masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْ (accusative construct dual masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual feminine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual feminine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَيْنِ (definite dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَيْ (construct dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
نَمَّامَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
نَمَّامِين (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامِين (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامِي (construct informal masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
نَمَّامُونَ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامُونَ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
نَمَّامُو (construct masculine nominative plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
نَمَّامِينَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامِينَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامِي (accusative construct masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامِينَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامِينَ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامِي (construct genitive masculine plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
النَّمَّامَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
نَمَّامَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Two nouns formed with the form of a characteristic adjective from the root ن م م (n-m-m). The choice of root pattern for plant-name is like that of شَمَّام (šammām, “melon”). Its variation is found reversely in نُعَاع (nuʕāʕ) for لُعَاع (luʕāʕ, “tender or fresh greenery; endive”) related to لَاعِيَة (lāʕiya, “green spurge or sun spurge”).


نمام

نَمَّام • (nammām) m

نَمَّام (canonical)
nammām (romanization)
نَمَّام (indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّمَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
نَمَّام (construct informal singular triptote)
نَمَّامٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّمَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
نَمَّامًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَمَّامَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
نَمَّامٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّمَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَمَّامِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Thymus serpyllum
Thymus serpyllum#Translingual