ἴδη

grc-noun

ἴ̄δη • (í̄dē) f (genitive ἴ̄δης); first declension

ἴ̄δη (canonical)
í̄dē (romanization)
ἴ̄δης (genitive)
ἡ ῑ̓́δη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́δᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἶδαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓́δης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓́δαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓δῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓́δῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓́δαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓́δαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῑ̓́δην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́δᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́δᾱς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓́δη (singular vocative)
ῑ̓́δᾱ (dual vocative)
ἶδαι (plural vocative)

A Pre-Greek word without further etymology.


καλλίας

καλλίᾱς • (kallíās) m (genitive καλλίου); first declension

καλλίᾱς (canonical)
kallíās (romanization)
καλλίου (genitive)
ὁ καλλίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ καλλίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ καλλίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ καλλίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καλλίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καλλιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ καλλίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καλλίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καλλίαις (dative plural)
τὸν καλλίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ καλλίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς καλλίᾱς (accusative plural)
καλλίᾱ (singular vocative)
καλλίᾱ (dual vocative)
καλλίαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, perhaps a euphemistic usage of the personal name Καλλίας (Kallías), which has been connected with κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”).


τύλη

τύλη • (túlē) f (genitive τύλης); first declension

túlē (romanization)
τύλης (genitive)
ἡ τύλη (nominative singular)
τὼ τύλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τύλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τύλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τύλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τύλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τύλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τύλαις (dative plural)
τὴν τύλην (accusative singular)
τὼ τύλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τύλᾱς (accusative plural)
τύλη (singular vocative)
τύλᾱ (dual vocative)
τύλαι (plural vocative)

Various cognates have been proposed:
* the Balto-Slavic group of Old Prussian tūlan (“many”), Lithuanian tūlas (“several”), tulìs (“nail on a car, plug”), Russian тул (tul, “neck”)
* the Germanic group of Old Norse þollr (“tree, peg”), English thole, Middle Low German dülle (“booty”)
* alternatively related to Latin tullius (“gush”), Welsh twl (“round elevation”), Albanian tul (“piece of meat without bone”), Ancient Greek σάλος (sálos, “gulf of waves”)
None of these Indo-European words is a close match for this word, so it may rather be of Pre-Greek origin.


αὔγουρ

grc-noun

αὔγουρ • (aúgour) m (genitive αὔγουρος); third declension

aúgour (romanization)
αὔγουρος (genitive)
ὁ αὔγουρ (nominative singular)
τὼ αὔγουρε (dual nominative)
οἱ αὔγουρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ αὔγουρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐγούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐγούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ αὔγουρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐγούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αὔγουρσῐ (dative plural)
αὔγουρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aúgoursi (dative plural)
toîs aúgoursin (dative plural)
τὸν αὔγουρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αὔγουρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς αὔγουρᾰς (accusative plural)
αὔγουρ (singular vocative)
αὔγουρε (dual vocative)
αὔγουρες (plural vocative)

Διὰ τί τῶν ἐπ' οἰωνοῖς ἱερέων, οὓς Αὔσπικας πρότερον, Αὔγουρας δὲ νῦν καλοῦσιν, ᾤοντο δεῖν ἀεὶ τοὺς λαμπτῆρας ἀνεῳγμένους εἶναι, καὶ τὸ πῶμα μὴ ἐπικεῖσθαι;

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.281a

Why did they think that the priests that take the omens from birds, whom they formerly called Auspices, but now Augures, should always keep their lanterns open and put no cover on them?

Dià tí tôn ep' oiōnoîs hieréōn, hoùs Aúspikas próteron, Aúgouras dè nûn kaloûsin, ṓionto deîn aeì toùs lamptêras aneōigménous eînai, kaì tò pôma mḕ epikeîsthai?


σιτίον

σῑτῐ́ον • (sītíon) n (genitive σῑτῐ́ου); second declension

σῑτῐ́ον (canonical)
sītíon (romanization)
σῑτῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῑτῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῑτῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῑτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῑτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῑτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῑτῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῑτῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
σῑτῐ́ον (singular vocative)
σῑτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῑτῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

From σῖτος (sîtos, “grain”) + -ῐ́ον (-íon, diminutive suffix).


βέλεκκος

grc-noun

βέλεκκος • (bélekkos) m (genitive βελέκκου); second declension

bélekkos (romanization)
βελέκκου (genitive)
ὁ βέλεκκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βελέκκω (dual nominative)
οἱ βέλεκκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βελέκκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελέκκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελέκκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βελέκκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελέκκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βελέκκοις (dative plural)
τὸν βέλεκκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βελέκκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βελέκκους (accusative plural)
βέλεκκε (singular vocative)
βελέκκω (dual vocative)
βέλεκκοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of a geminate "-κκ-". Furnée compares the word with πέλεκυς (pélekus, “battle axe”) and πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “axe handle”).


μαγύδαρις

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς • (magú̄daris) f (genitive μᾰγῡδάρεως); third declension

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς (canonical)
magú̄daris (romanization)
μᾰγῡδάρεως (genitive)
ἡ μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs magūdáresi (dative plural)
taîs magūdáresin (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (accusative plural)
μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: magūdaris

→ Translingual: Magydaris

unk

unknown


βῆσσα

grc-noun

βῆσσᾰ • (bêssa) f (genitive βήσσης); first declension

βῆσσᾰ (canonical)
bêssa (romanization)
βήσσης (genitive)
ἡ βῆσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βήσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βῆσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βήσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βήσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βησσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βήσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βήσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βήσσαις (dative plural)
τὴν βῆσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βήσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βήσσᾱς (accusative plural)
βῆσσᾰ (singular vocative)
βήσσᾱ (dual vocative)
βῆσσαι (plural vocative)

Traditionally it has been connected with βαθύς (bathús, “deep”), as an e-grade root variant but Furnée doesn't dismiss a Pre-Greek origin and links the noun to the gloss βρῆσσαι (brêssai) found in Hesychius.


σίλλυβον

σίλλῠβον • (síllubon) n (genitive σιλλύβου); second declension

σίλλῠβον (canonical)
síllubon (romanization)
σιλλύβου (genitive)
τὸ σίλλῠβον (nominative singular)
τὼ σιλλῠ́βω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σίλλῠβᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιλλῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιλλῠ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιλλῠ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ σιλλῠ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιλλῠ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιλλῠ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸ σίλλῠβον (accusative singular)
τὼ σιλλῠ́βω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σίλλῠβᾰ (accusative plural)
σίλλῠβον (singular vocative)
σιλλῠ́βω (dual vocative)
σίλλῠβᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: sillybus

Translingual: Silybum

The origin is unclear. The formation resembles σκόλυμος (skólumos), ὄροβος (órobos), κόρυμβος (kórumbos) and ὄχθοιβος (ókhthoibos).

unk

unclear

Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum#Translingual


φωλεός

grc-noun

φωλεός • (phōleós) m (genitive φωλεοῦ); second declension

phōleós (romanization)
φωλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φωλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ φωλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φωλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φωλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φωλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φωλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φωλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φωλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φωλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φωλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φωλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φωλεούς (accusative plural)
φωλεέ (singular vocative)
φωλεώ (dual vocative)
φωλεοί (plural vocative)

Greek: φωλιά (foliá)

Pontic Greek: φωλέα (foléa)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: [Term?] (“nest egg”)

Greek: φώλι (fóli, “nest egg”)

Pontic Greek: φώλ' (fól', “nest egg”)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: (“nest egg”)

→ Azerbaijani: fal, fala

→ Georgian: ფალ (pal) — Ingilo

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فول (fol)
Turkish: fol, fala, hal, hol, höl, holu (dialectal)

desc

⇒ Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (follıḳ) (in Lügat-ı Halîmî)

prefixed with <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀπο-</i> (apo-)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: [Term?] (“nest egg”) (prefixed with ἀπο- (apo-))

Greek: αποφώλι (apofóli)

desctree

Pontic Greek: πιφώλι (pifóli), πιφώλ' (pifól') — Ophitic
→ Laz: პიჶოლი (p̌ifoli), კიჶოლი (ǩifoli), კუჶოლი (ǩufoli)
→ Turkish: pifoli — Rize

The formation is similar to γωλεός (gōleós), εἰλεός (eileós) and στελεός (steleós). Frisk connects the word with Old Norse ból (“layer, nest of animals”) but this theory is now rejected. Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the ending -εος (-eos), as well as its late attestation.


ψάκαλον

grc-noun

ψάκᾰλον • (psákalon) n (genitive ψᾰκάλου); second declension

ψάκᾰλον (canonical)
psákalon (romanization)
ψᾰκάλου (genitive)
τὸ ψᾰ́κᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ψᾰκᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ψᾰ́κᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψᾰκᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψᾰκᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψᾰκᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψᾰκᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψᾰκᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψᾰκᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ψᾰ́κᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψᾰκᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ψᾰ́κᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ψᾰ́κᾰλον (singular vocative)
ψᾰκᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ψᾰ́κᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

From ψακάς (psakás, “drop”). The same metaphor is found with δρόσος (drósos, “dew”) and ἕρση (hérsē, “dew”).


κάμαξ

κάμαξ • (kámax) f (genitive κάμᾰκος); third declension

kámax (romanization)
κάμᾰκος (genitive)
ἡ κάμᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κάμᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ κάμᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς κάμᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν καμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ κάμᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν καμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κάμᾰξῐ (dative plural)
κάμᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs kámaxi (dative plural)
taîs kámaxin (dative plural)
τὴν κάμᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κάμᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κάμᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
κάμᾰξ (singular vocative)
κάμᾰκε (dual vocative)
κάμᾰκες (plural vocative)

Furnée compares the word with ἀμάκιον (amákion). According to Beekes, the suffix "-ακ-" is highly frequent in Pre-Greek.

ἄμπελος ὣς ἤδη κάμακι στηρίζομαι αὐτῷ σκηπανίῳ

3rd century BCE, Leonidas of Tarentum, chapter 731, in Greek Anthology, Book VII:

I am already supported only by a prop like a vine

ámpelos hṑs ḗdē kámaki stērízomai autôi skēpaníōi


ἄδδιξ

ἄδδῐξ • (áddix) f (genitive ἄδδῐχος); third declension

ἄδδῐξ (canonical)
áddix (romanization)
ἄδδῐχος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́δδῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́δδῐχε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́δδῐχες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́δδῐχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δδῐ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δδῐ́χων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́δδῐχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δδῐ́χοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́δδῐξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́δδῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs áddixi (dative plural)
taîs áddixin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́δδῐχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́δδῐχε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́δδῐχᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́δδῐξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́δδῐχε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́δδῐχες (plural vocative)

Unknown. Furnée assumes a substrate word.

unit of measure corresponding to four χοίνικες (khoínikes)


γαβαθόν

head

γαβαθόν • (gabathón)

A Semitic origin has been assumed but Beekes doesn't dismiss a derivation from Pre-Greek, comparing the word with γάβενα (gábena) and κάβος (kábos). See also Latin gabata and Byzantine Greek γαβάθα (gabátha).

Hesychius gives the definition as: τρύβλιον (trúblion, “cup, bowl”).


ἄχυρον

grc-noun

ἄχῠρον • (ákhuron) n (genitive ἀχῠ́ρου); second declension

ἄχῠρον (canonical)
ákhuron (romanization)
ἀχῠ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ ἄχῠρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀχῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄχῠρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀχῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀχῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀχῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀχῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀχῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀχῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄχῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀχῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄχῠρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄχῠρον (singular vocative)
ἀχῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ἄχῠρᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes: from Pre-Greek and related to ἄχωρ (ákhōr, “scurf”) (particularly, identical to the form ἄχορα (ákhora)) and to ἄχνη (ákhnē, “foam, froth”). Note the Pre-Greek suffix *-ur-, similar to that in the synonym πίτῡρον (pítūron). The traditional connection to ἀκοστή (akostḗ, “barley”), Latin acus (“bran, awn”), etc., from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-, must be rejected.

(in the plural) chaff, bran, husks left after threshing or grinding


δρόσος

δρόσος • (drósos) f (genitive δρόσου); second declension

drósos (romanization)
δρόσου (genitive)
ἡ δρόσος (nominative singular)
τὼ δρόσω (dual nominative)
αἱ δρόσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς δρόσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρόσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρόσων (genitive plural)
τῇ δρόσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρόσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρόσοις (dative plural)
τὴν δρόσον (accusative singular)
τὼ δρόσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρόσους (accusative plural)
δρόσε (singular vocative)
δρόσω (dual vocative)
δρόσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: δρόσος (drósos)

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of an intervocalic -σ- (-s-). Older theories include a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European root related to Sanskrit दानु (dānu, “dew”).


ἄγριππος

ἄγριππος • (ágrippos) m (genitive ἀγρίππου); second declension

ágrippos (romanization)
ἀγρίππου (genitive)
ὁ ἄγριππος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγρίππω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγριπποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγρίππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγρίπποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγρίππων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγρίππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγρίπποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγρίπποις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγριππον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγρίππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγρίππους (accusative plural)
ἄγριππε (singular vocative)
ἀγρίππω (dual vocative)
ἄγριπποι (plural vocative)

According to Furnée, the variation "π/φ" is typical of Pre-Greek.

The Laconian name of the wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea, syn. Olea oleaster)


ἅρματα

grc-noun form

ἅρματα • (hármata)

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of ἅρμα (hárma)


γούνων

γούνων • (goúnōn)

(Epic, poetic) genitive plural of γόνυ (gónu)


βοῦν

βοῦν • (boûn)


πύλας

πῠ́λᾱς • (púlās)


κηρύλος

grc-noun

κηρύλος • (kērúlos) m (genitive κηρύλου); second declension

kērúlos (romanization)
κηρύλου (genitive)
ὁ κηρῠ́λος (nominative singular)
τὼ κηρῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κηρῠ́λοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κηρῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κηρῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κηρῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κηρῠ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ κηρῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κηρῠ́λους (accusative plural)
κηρῠ́λε (singular vocative)
κηρῠ́λω (dual vocative)
κηρῠ́λοι (plural vocative)

No etymology. Beekes states that the suffix "-υλο-" is typical of Pre-Greek.

unk

No etymology

A fabulous sea bird, identified with the ἀλκυών (alkuṓn)


ὤμοισιν

grc-noun form

ὤμοισῐν • (ṓmoisin)

ὤμοισῐν (canonical)
ṓmoisin (romanization)


στῦψις

grc-noun

στῦψῐς • (stûpsis) f (genitive στῡ́ψεως); third declension

στῦψῐς (canonical)
stûpsis (romanization)
στῡ́ψεως (genitive)
ἡ στῦψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ στῡ́ψει (dual nominative)
αἱ στῡ́ψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς στῡ́ψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῡψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῡ́ψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ στῡ́ψει (dative singular)
τοῖν στῡψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στῡ́ψεσῐ (dative plural)
στῡ́ψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs stū́psesi (dative plural)
taîs stū́psesin (dative plural)
τὴν στῦψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ στῡ́ψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στῡ́ψεις (accusative plural)
στῦψῐ (singular vocative)
στῡ́ψει (dual vocative)
στῡ́ψεις (plural vocative)

→ English: stypsis

→ Italian: stipsi

From στύφω (stúphō, “to contract”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

steeping of the fabric in an astringent solution, to prepare it for taking the dye

thickening of oil with certain drugs to make it retain its scent longer (in perfumery)


ἕρση

grc-noun

ἕρση • (hérsē) f (genitive ἕρσης); first declension

hérsē (romanization)
ἕρσης (genitive)
ἡ ἕρση (nominative singular)
τὼ ἕρσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἕρσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἕρσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἕρσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἕρσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἕρσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἕρσαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἕρσην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἕρσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἕρσᾱς (accusative plural)
ἕρση (singular vocative)
ἕρσᾱ (dual vocative)
ἕρσαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wérs-eh₂ (“humidity”). Close to Sanskrit वर्षा (varṣā, “rain”).


Λυκίων

grc-noun form

Λυκίων • (Lukíōn)


πόρον

πόρον • (póron)


λούππις

head

λούππις • (loúppis)


φανός

grc-noun

φᾱνός • (phānós) m (genitive φᾱνου); second declension

φᾱνός (canonical)
phānós (romanization)
φᾱνου (genitive)
ὁ φᾱνός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾱνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾱνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾱνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾱνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾱνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾱνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾱνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾱνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾱνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾱνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾱνούς (accusative plural)
φᾱνέ (singular vocative)
φᾱνώ (dual vocative)
φᾱνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: φανός (fanós)

desctree

→ Arabic: فَانُوس (fānūs)
→ Amharic: ፋኑስ (fanus)
→ Dongolawi: fānū́s
→ Ottoman Turkish: فانوس, ֆանուս (fanus) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: fanus
→ Swahili: fanusi
→ Tigre: ፋኑስ (fanus)
→ Tigrinya: ፋኑስ (fanus)
→ Uyghur: پانۇس (panus)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܦܴܢܣܴܐ (pānəsā)

Galilean: פנסא (/pānəsā/)

→ Hebrew: פָּנָס (pānā́s)

→ Italian: falò

→ French: falot

→ Persian: فانوس (fânus)

→ Bengali: ফানুস (phanus)

Contraction of φαεινός (phaeinós), from Proto-Hellenic *pʰawehnós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂wesnós, adjective noun from substantive *bʰéh₂wos (whence φάος (pháos)), from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”).


Λύκιος

grc-noun

Λύκῐος • (Lúkios) m (genitive Λῠκίου); second declension

Λύκῐος (canonical)
Lúkios (romanization)
Λῠκίου (genitive)
ὁ Λῠ́κῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ Λῠκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ Λῠ́κῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Λῠκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Λῠκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Λῠκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ Λῠκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Λῠκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Λῠκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν Λῠ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ Λῠκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Λῠκῐ́ους (accusative plural)
Λῠ́κῐε (singular vocative)
Λῠκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
Λῠ́κῐοι (plural vocative)
Λῠ́κῐος (nominative singular)
Λῠκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
Λῠ́κῐοι (nominative plural)
Λῠκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
Λῠκῐοῖο (genitive singular)
Λῠκῐ́οιο (genitive singular)
Λῠκῐόο (genitive singular)
Λῠκῐ́οο (genitive singular)
Λῠκῐ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
Λῠκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
Λῠκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
Λῠκῐ́οιῐν (dative dual)
Λῠκῐ́οισῐ (dative plural)
Λῠκῐ́οισῐν (dative plural)
Λῠκῐ́οις (dative plural)
Lukíoisi (dative plural)
Lukíoisin (dative plural)
Lukíois (dative plural)
Λῠ́κῐον (accusative singular)
Λῠκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
Λῠκῐ́ους (accusative plural)
Λῠ́κῐε (singular vocative)
Λῠκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
Λῠ́κῐοι (plural vocative)

a Lycian (native or inhabitant of ancient Lycia)


ἔρον

grc-noun form

ἔρον • (éron)


κλισίην

κλῐσίην • (klisíēn)

κλῐσίην (canonical)
klisíēn (romanization)


ἔρος

grc-noun

ἔρος • (éros) m (genitive ἔρου); second declension

éros (romanization)
ἔρου (genitive)
ἔρος (nominative singular)
ἔρου (genitive singular)
ἐροῖο (genitive singular)
ἔροιο (genitive singular)
ἐρόο (genitive singular)
ἔροο (genitive singular)
ἔρῳ (dative singular)
ἔρον (accusative singular)
ἔρε (singular vocative)


κλισίη

κλῐσίη • (klisíē) f (genitive κλῐσίης); first declension

κλῐσίη (canonical)
klisíē (romanization)
κλῐσίης (genitive)
κλῐσίη (nominative singular)
κλῐσίᾱ (dual nominative)
κλῐσίαι (nominative plural)
κλῐσίης (genitive singular)
κλῐσίαιν (dual genitive)
κλῐσίαιῐν (dual genitive)
κλῐσίῃῐν (dual genitive)
klisíain (dual genitive)
klisíaiin (dual genitive)
klisíēiin (dual genitive)
κλῐσιᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
κλῐσιέ͜ων (genitive plural)
κλῐσιῶν (genitive plural)
κλῐσίῃ (dative singular)
κλῐσίαιν (dative dual)
κλῐσίαιῐν (dative dual)
κλῐσίῃῐν (dative dual)
klisíain (dative dual)
klisíaiin (dative dual)
klisíēiin (dative dual)
κλῐσίῃσῐ (dative plural)
κλῐσίῃσῐν (dative plural)
κλῐσίῃς (dative plural)
κλῐσίαις (dative plural)
klisíēisi (dative plural)
klisíēisin (dative plural)
klisíēis (dative plural)
klisíais (dative plural)
κλῐσίην (accusative singular)
κλῐσίᾱ (accusative dual)
κλῐσίᾱς (accusative plural)
κλῐσίη (singular vocative)
κλῐσίᾱ (dual vocative)
κλῐσίαι (plural vocative)


κλισία

κλῐσίᾱ • (klisíā) f (genitive κλῐσίᾱς); first declension

κλῐσίᾱ (canonical)
klisíā (romanization)
κλῐσίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κλῐσίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κλῐσίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κλῐσίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κλῐσίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλῐσίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλῐσιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλῐσίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλῐσίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλῐσίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κλῐσίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλῐσίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλῐσίᾱς (accusative plural)
κλῐσίᾱ (singular vocative)
κλῐσίᾱ (dual vocative)
κλῐσίαι (plural vocative)

From the root of κλίνω (klínō, “to lie down, recline”).


κότινος

κότῐνος • (kótinos) m (genitive κοτίνου); second declension

κότῐνος (canonical)
kótinos (romanization)
κοτίνου (genitive)
ὁ κότῐνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κότῐνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοτῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοτῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοτῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κότῐνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοτῐ́νους (accusative plural)
κότῐνε (singular vocative)
κοτῐ́νω (dual vocative)
κότῐνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cotinus

→ Translingual: Cotinus

According to Beekes, probably a loanword from Pre-Greek.

Olea europaea
Olea europaea#Translingual

wild olive tree (Olea europaea, syn. Olea oleaster)


ποσσί

grc-noun form

ποσσί • (possí)


χόλον

χόλον • (khólon)


ποδῶν

ποδῶν • (podôn)


μέδοντες

μέδοντες • (médontes)

nominative/vocative plural of μέδων (médōn)


στύπος

grc-noun

στύπος • (stúpos) n (genitive στύπεος or στύπους); third declension

stúpos (romanization)
στύπεος (genitive)
στύπους (genitive)
τὸ στῠ́πος (nominative singular)
τὼ στῠ́πει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στῠ́πη (nominative plural)
τοῦ στῠ́πους (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῠποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῠπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στῠ́πει (dative singular)
τοῖν στῠποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στῠ́πεσῐ (dative plural)
στῠ́πεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stúpesi (dative plural)
toîs stúpesin (dative plural)
τὸ στῠ́πος (accusative singular)
τὼ στῠ́πει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στῠ́πη (accusative plural)
στῠ́πος (singular vocative)
στῠ́πει (dual vocative)
στῠ́πη (plural vocative)
στῠ́πος (nominative singular)
στῠ́πει (dual nominative)
στῠ́πεε (dual nominative)
στῠ́πεᾰ (nominative plural)
στῠ́πεος (genitive singular)
στῠ́πευς (genitive singular)
στῠπέοιν (dual genitive)
στῠπέων (genitive plural)
στῠ́πει (dative singular)
στῠ́πεῐ̈ (dative singular)
στῠπέοιν (dative dual)
στῠ́πεσῐ (dative plural)
στῠ́πεσῐν (dative plural)
stúpesi (dative plural)
stúpesin (dative plural)
στῠ́πος (accusative singular)
στῠ́πει (accusative dual)
στῠ́πεε (accusative dual)
στῠ́πεᾰ (accusative plural)
στῠ́πος (singular vocative)
στῠ́πει (dual vocative)
στῠ́πεε (dual vocative)
στῠ́πεᾰ (plural vocative)

Traditionally connected with Old Norse stúfr (“tree stump”) and Latvian stups (“broom”). See Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-. According to Beekes, a Pre-Greek origin is a good possibility due to the presence of the byform στύμος (stúmos).


χόλος

χόλος • (khólos) m (genitive χόλου); second declension

khólos (romanization)
χόλου (genitive)
ὁ χόλος (nominative singular)
τοῦ χόλου (genitive singular)
τῷ χόλῳ (dative singular)
τὸν χόλον (accusative singular)
χόλε (singular vocative)
χόλος (nominative singular)
χόλου (genitive singular)
χολοῖο (genitive singular)
χόλοιο (genitive singular)
χολόο (genitive singular)
χόλοο (genitive singular)
χόλῳ (dative singular)
χόλον (accusative singular)
χόλε (singular vocative)

Variant of χολή (kholḗ), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.


τάμισος

τάμῐσος • (támisos) f (genitive τᾰμίσου); second declension

τάμῐσος (canonical)
támisos (romanization)
τᾰμίσου (genitive)
ἡ τᾰ́μῐσος (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰμῐ́σω (dual nominative)
αἱ τᾰ́μῐσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς τᾰμῐ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰμῐ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰμῐ́σων (genitive plural)
τῇ τᾰμῐ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰμῐ́σοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τᾰμῐ́σοις (dative plural)
τὴν τᾰ́μῐσον (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰμῐ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τᾰμῐ́σους (accusative plural)
τᾰ́μῐσε (singular vocative)
τᾰμῐ́σω (dual vocative)
τᾰ́μῐσοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek in view of the suffix "-ισ-".


ῥέεθρα

ῥέεθρᾰ (canonical)
rhéethra (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ῥέεθρον (rhéethron)


βίη

βίη • (bíē) f (genitive βίης); first declension

bíē (romanization)
βίης (genitive)
βίη (nominative singular)
βίᾱ (dual nominative)
βίαι (nominative plural)
βίης (genitive singular)
βίαιν (dual genitive)
βίαιῐν (dual genitive)
βίῃῐν (dual genitive)
bíain (dual genitive)
bíaiin (dual genitive)
bíēiin (dual genitive)
βιᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
βιέ͜ων (genitive plural)
βιῶν (genitive plural)
βίῃ (dative singular)
βίηφι (dative singular)
βίηφιν (dative singular)
bíēi (dative singular)
bíēphi (dative singular)
bíēphin (dative singular)
βίαιν (dative dual)
βίαιῐν (dative dual)
βίῃῐν (dative dual)
bíain (dative dual)
bíaiin (dative dual)
bíēiin (dative dual)
βίῃσῐ (dative plural)
βίῃσῐν (dative plural)
βίῃς (dative plural)
βίαις (dative plural)
bíēisi (dative plural)
bíēisin (dative plural)
bíēis (dative plural)
bíais (dative plural)
βίην (accusative singular)
βίᾱ (accusative dual)
βίᾱς (accusative plural)
βίη (singular vocative)
βίᾱ (dual vocative)
βίαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βίῃ, βίηφι(ν)


σκάνδαλα

grc-noun form

σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ • (skándala)

σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ (canonical)
skándala (romanization)

inflection of σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skándalon):
nominative plural

inflection of σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skándalon):
accusative plural

inflection of σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skándalon):
vocative plural


ῥεῖθρον

grc-noun

ῥεῖθρον • (rheîthron) n (genitive ῥείθρου); second declension

rheîthron (romanization)
ῥείθρου (genitive)
τὸ ῥεῖθρον (nominative singular)
τᾰ̀ ῥεῖθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥείθρου (genitive singular)
τῶν ῥείθρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥείθρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς ῥείθροις (dative plural)
τὸ ῥεῖθρον (accusative singular)
τᾰ̀ ῥεῖθρᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥεῖθρον (singular vocative)
ῥεῖθρᾰ (plural vocative)

Contracted from ῥέεθρον (rhéethron), from *ῥέϝεθρον (*rhéwethron), from the stem of ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew-.


κόρυμβος

κόρυμβος • (kórumbos) m (genitive κορύμβου); second declension

kórumbos (romanization)
κορύμβου (genitive)
ὁ κόρυμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορύμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρυμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορύμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορύμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορύμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορύμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορύμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορύμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρυμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορύμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορύμβους (accusative plural)
κόρυμβε (singular vocative)
κορύμβω (dual vocative)
κόρυμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: corymbus

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root of κορυφή (koruphḗ).


λάττα

head

λάττα • (látta)

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the geminates "-ττ-".

Hesychius' gives the definition as: μυῖα (muîa, “fly”).


ῥέεθρον

grc-noun

ῥέεθρον • (rhéethron) n (genitive ῥεέθρου); second declension

rhéethron (romanization)
ῥεέθρου (genitive)
ῥέεθρον (nominative singular)
ῥέεθρᾰ (nominative plural)
ῥεέθρου (genitive singular)
ῥεεθροῖο (genitive singular)
ῥεέθροιο (genitive singular)
ῥεεθρόο (genitive singular)
ῥεέθροο (genitive singular)
ῥεέθρων (genitive plural)
ῥεέθρῳ (dative singular)
ῥεέθροισῐ (dative plural)
ῥεέθροισῐν (dative plural)
ῥεέθροις (dative plural)
rheéthroisi (dative plural)
rheéthroisin (dative plural)
rheéthrois (dative plural)
ῥέεθρον (accusative singular)
ῥέεθρᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥέεθρον (singular vocative)
ῥέεθρᾰ (plural vocative)

Epic form of ῥεῖθρον (rheîthron, “flow, stream”)


αἰδίλης

αἰδίλης • (aidílēs) m (genitive αἰδίλου); first declension

aidílēs (romanization)
αἰδίλου (genitive)
ὁ αἰδίλης (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰδίλᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰδίλαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰδίλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰδίλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰδιλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰδίλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰδίλαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰδίλαις (dative plural)
τὸν αἰδίλην (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰδίλᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰδίλᾱς (accusative plural)
αἰδίλη (singular vocative)
αἰδίλᾱ (dual vocative)
αἰδίλαι (plural vocative)


θυία

θυίᾱ • (thuíā) f (genitive θυίᾱς); first declension

θυίᾱ (canonical)
thuíā (romanization)
θυίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θυίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θυίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θυῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θυίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θυίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θυίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θυίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θυίαις (dative plural)
τὴν θυίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θυίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θυίᾱς (accusative plural)
θυίᾱ (singular vocative)
θυίᾱ (dual vocative)
θυῖαι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Thuja

Probably related to θύον (thúon, “cypress-pine”). The two words could be derived from θύω (thúō, “to burn”) but this is not clear. Possibly from θύω (thúō, “I sacrifice”).

stinking juniper (Juniperus foetidissima)


κύνας

grc-noun form

κύνᾰς • (kúnas)


πεδίῳ

πεδίῳ • (pedíōi)


κρέα

κρέᾰ • (kréa)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of κρέᾰς (kréas)


ὀστέα

ὀστέᾰ • (ostéa)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ὀστέον (ostéon)


ὕλην

ὕλην • (húlēn)


βούπρηστις

grc-noun

βουπρήστῐδος

βούπρηστῐς • (boúprēstis) f (genitive βουπρήστῐδος); third declension

βούπρηστῐς (canonical)
boúprēstis (romanization)
βουπρήστῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βούπρηστῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βουπρήστῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βουπρήστῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουπρηστῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βουπρήστῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βουπρήστῐσῐ (dative plural)
βουπρήστῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstisi (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstisin (dative plural)
τὴν βουπρήστῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουπρήστῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βούπρηστῐς (singular vocative)
βουπρήστῐδε (dual vocative)
βουπρήστῐδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βουπρήστῐδος

Latin: būprēstis

Translingual: Buprestis

From βοῦς (boûs, “cow”) and the stem of the verb πρήθω (prḗthō) or πίμπρημι (pímprēmi, “I burn, inflame, inflate”)

poisonous beetle, which being eaten by cattle in the grass causes them to swell up and die


κεφαλῇ

κεφᾰλῇ (canonical)
kephalêi (romanization)


νυκτί

grc-noun form

νῠκτῐ́ • (nuktí)


ὀφθαλμοῖσι

ὀφθαλμοῖσῐ (canonical)
ophthalmoîsi (romanization)

(Epic) dative plural of ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós)


κήρυκες

κήρῡκες • (kḗrūkes)

κήρῡκες (canonical)
kḗrūkes (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of κῆρῠξ (kêrux)


υἱέ

υἱέ • (huié)


ἀγορῇ

ᾰ̓γορῇ • (agorêi)

ᾰ̓γορῇ (canonical)
agorêi (romanization)


ἄλγε'

ἄλγε’ • (álge’)


πίτυρον

grc-noun

πίτῡρον • (pítūron) n (genitive πῐτῡ́ρου); second declension

πίτῡρον (canonical)
pítūron (romanization)
πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐτῡ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐτῡ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐτῡ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (accusative plural)
πῐ́τῡρον (singular vocative)
πῐτῡ́ρω (dual vocative)
πῐ́τῡρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πίτουρο (pítouro)

The formation is like λέπυρον (lépuron), but without a certain explanation. It has been connected to Latin putus (“pure”), Sanskrit पूत (pūtá, “cleansed”) and Proto-Germanic *faujaną (“to sift”), but this is highly unlikely. Note the synonymous glosses πήτεα (pḗtea), πητῖται (pētîtai) which are connected with πῆν (pên). Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix "-ῡρ-".

(pathology) bran-like eruption on the skin, especially dandruff, scurf


πολέμῳ

grc-noun form

πολέμῳ • (polémōi)


τεύχεσι

τεύχεσῐ • (teúkhesi)

τεύχεσῐ (canonical)
teúkhesi (romanization)


τεύχεσιν

τεύχεσῐν • (teúkhesin)

τεύχεσῐν (canonical)
teúkhesin (romanization)

dative plural of τεῦχος (teûkhos) with movable nu


φρένες

φρένες • (phrénes)

nominative/vocative plural of φρήν (phrḗn)


θαλάμοιο

θᾰλάμοιο • (thalámoio)

θᾰλάμοιο (canonical)
thalámoio (romanization)

(Epic) genitive singular of θάλαμος (thálamos)


ἀνέμοιο

ἀνέμοιο • (anémoio)

(Epic) genitive singular of ἄνεμος (ánemos)


Ἀργείους

Ἀργείους • (Argeíous)


γλωχίς

grc-noun

γλωχῑ́ς • (glōkhī́s) f (genitive γλωχῖνος); third declension

γλωχῑ́ς (canonical)
glōkhī́s (romanization)
γλωχῖνος (genitive)
ἡ γλωχῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ γλωχῖνε (dual nominative)
αἱ γλωχῖνες (nominative plural)
τῆς γλωχῖνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλωχῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωχῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ γλωχῖνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλωχῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλωχῖσῐ (dative plural)
γλωχῖσῐν (dative plural)
taîs glōkhîsi (dative plural)
taîs glōkhîsin (dative plural)
τὴν γλωχῖνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλωχῖνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλωχῖνᾰς (accusative plural)
γλωχῑ́ς (singular vocative)
γλωχῖνε (dual vocative)
γλωχῖνες (plural vocative)

/ɡlɔː.kʰǐːs/

/ɡlɔː.kʰǐːs/

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰ-s (“point”) but there are no certain cognates; possibly Old Norse kleggi (“gadfly”) (see English cleg).


βίῃ

grc-noun form

βίῃ • (bíēi)


πατρίδος

πᾰτρίδος • (patrídos)

πᾰτρίδος (canonical)
patrídos (romanization)


ἔλυμος

grc-noun

ἔλῠμος • (élumos) m (genitive ἐλῠ́μου); second declension

ἔλῠμος (canonical)
élumos (romanization)
ἐλῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ ἔλῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλῠ́μους (accusative plural)
ἔλῠμε (singular vocative)
ἐλῠ́μω (dual vocative)
ἔλῠμοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Elymus

Unknown. A connection with ὄλυρα (ólura, “spelt”) and οὐλαί (oulaí, “barley groats”) is unsure. Furnée prefers connecting the noun with ἐλίμαρ (elímar, “grain similar to millet”); however, this is very unclear. Beekes suggest a possible Pre-Greek origin.

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


ἔλυμος

Unknown. There appears no reason for connection with εἰλύω (eilúō).


Ἀργείοισι

grc-noun form

Ἀργείοισι • (Argeíoisi)

(Epic) dative plural of Ἀργεῖος (Argeîos)


ψακάς

grc-noun

ψᾰκάς • (psakás) f (genitive ψᾰκάδος); third declension

ψᾰκάς (canonical)
psakás (romanization)
ψᾰκάδος (genitive)
ἡ ψᾰκᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ψᾰκᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ψᾰκᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ψᾰκᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψᾰκᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψᾰκᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ψᾰκᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψᾰκᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψᾰκᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ψᾰκᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs psakási (dative plural)
taîs psakásin (dative plural)
τὴν ψᾰκᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ψᾰκᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψᾰκᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ψᾰκᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
ψᾰκᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
ψᾰκᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to ἰκμάς (ikmás), λιβάς (libás) and ψιάς (psiás). According to Beekes, in view of the suffix "-αδ-" it is probably Pre-Greek. The connection with Lithuanian spākas (“drop, point”) may be correct, in which case both words go back to a substrate language.


ὀρέων

grc-noun form

ὀρέων • (oréōn)


μάσταξ

grc-noun

μάσταξ • (mástax) f (genitive μάστακος); third declension

mástax (romanization)
μάστακος (genitive)
ἡ μάσταξ (nominative singular)
τὼ μάστακε (dual nominative)
αἱ μάστακες (nominative plural)
τῆς μάστακος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαστάκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαστάκων (genitive plural)
τῇ μάστακῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαστάκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μάσταξῐ (dative plural)
μάσταξῐν (dative plural)
taîs mástaxi (dative plural)
taîs mástaxin (dative plural)
τὴν μάστακᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μάστακε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μάστακᾰς (accusative plural)
μάσταξ (singular vocative)
μάστακε (dual vocative)
μάστακες (plural vocative)

English: mastax

⇒ English: mastoid

→ Translingual: Mastax

According to Beekes, possibly of Pre-Greek origin and related to μασάομαι (masáomai) and μαστάζω (mastázō). The formation is similar to πόρταξ (pórtax) and μύλαξ (múlax).


ἰκμάς

ἰκμᾰ́ς • (ikmás) f (genitive ἰκμᾰ́δος); third declension

ἰκμᾰ́ς (canonical)
ikmás (romanization)
ἰκμᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἰκμᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκμᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἰκμᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἰκμᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκμᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκμᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἰκμᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκμᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἰκμᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἰκμᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ikmási (dative plural)
taîs ikmásin (dative plural)
τὴν ἰκμᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκμᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἰκμᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἰκμᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
ἰκμᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
ἰκμᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: ικμάδα (ikmáda)

From Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to filter”) and cognate with Old English sēon (“to filter”), Russian сцать (scatʹ, “to piss”) and Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcáti, “to pour”). Beekes suggests *seyk- as the original root.


σκέπασμα

grc-noun

σκέπασμᾰ • (sképasma) n (genitive σκεπάσμᾰτος); third declension

σκέπασμᾰ (canonical)
sképasma (romanization)
σκεπάσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σκέπασμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεπάσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκεπάσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεπάσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκεπασμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπασμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεπάσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκεπασμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεπάσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σκεπάσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skepásmasi (dative plural)
toîs skepásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σκέπασμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεπάσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκεπάσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σκέπασμᾰ (singular vocative)
σκεπάσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σκεπάσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From σκεπάζω (skepázō, “to cover”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


θέμις

θέμῐς • (thémis) f (genitive θέμιστος or θέμῐδος or θέμῐτος or θέμῐος); third declension

θέμῐς (canonical)
thémis (romanization)
θέμιστος (genitive)
θέμῐδος (genitive)
θέμῐτος (genitive)
θέμῐος (genitive)
ἡ θέμῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ θέμῐστε (dual nominative)
αἱ θέμῐστες (nominative plural)
τῆς θέμῐστος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́στοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεμιστέων (genitive plural)
τῇ θέμῐστῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́στοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέμῐσσῐ (dative plural)
θέμῐσσῐν (dative plural)
taîs thémissi (dative plural)
taîs thémissin (dative plural)
τὴν θέμῐστᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θέμῐστε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέμῐστᾰς (accusative plural)
θέμῐς (singular vocative)
θέμῐστε (dual vocative)
θέμῐστες (plural vocative)
ἡ θέμῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ θέμῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ θέμῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς θέμῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεμῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ θέμῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέμῐσῐ (dative plural)
θέμῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs thémisi (dative plural)
taîs thémisin (dative plural)
τὴν θέμῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θέμῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέμῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
θέμῐς (singular vocative)
θέμῐδε (dual vocative)
θέμῐδες (plural vocative)
ἡ θέμῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ θέμῐτε (dual nominative)
αἱ θέμῐτες (nominative plural)
τῆς θέμῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεμῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῇ θέμῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέμῐσῐ (dative plural)
θέμῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs thémisi (dative plural)
taîs thémisin (dative plural)
τὴν θέμῐτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θέμῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέμῐτᾰς (accusative plural)
θέμῐς (singular vocative)
θέμῐτε (dual vocative)
θέμῐτες (plural vocative)
ἡ θέμῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ θέμῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ θέμῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς θέμῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεμῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ θέμῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεμῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέμῐσῐ (dative plural)
θέμῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs thémisi (dative plural)
taîs thémisin (dative plural)
τὴν θέμῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ θέμῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέμῑς (accusative plural)
θέμῐᾰς (accusative plural)
θέμῐ (singular vocative)
θέμῐε (dual vocative)
θέμῐες (plural vocative)

From the stem of τίθημι (títhēmi, “to place”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-, possibly combined with the stem of ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Beekes prefers to consider it of Pre-Greek origin, but this is dismissed by Beckwith, Nikolaev, and others.


κάττα

κάττα • (kátta) f (genitive κάττης); first declension

kátta (romanization)
κάττης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́ττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́τται (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́ττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́τταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́ττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́τταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́τταις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́ττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́ττᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ττᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ττᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́τται (plural vocative)

Mariupol Greek: ка́та (káta)

Per Babiniotis, borrowed into Koiné Greek from Late Latin catta (“female cat”); see there for further information.
Per Beekes, of unknown ultimate origin, but related to the Latin counterpart as well as cognates in various other European languages.
Replaced αἴλουρος (aílouros) in later usage.


κάνδαρος

head

κάνδαρος • (kándaros)

Generally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”), like Latin candeō (“I glow”), Albanian hënë (“moon”), Sanskrit चन्द्र (candrá, “shining”) and Old Armenian խանդ (xand). However Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

der

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “charcoal”).


βέλεμνον

grc-noun

βέλεμνον • (bélemnon) n (genitive βελέμνου); second declension

bélemnon (romanization)
βελέμνου (genitive)
τὸ βέλεμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ βελέμνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βέλεμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βελέμνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελέμνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελέμνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βελέμνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελέμνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βελέμνοις (dative plural)
τὸ βέλεμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ βελέμνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βέλεμνᾰ (accusative plural)
βέλεμνον (singular vocative)
βελέμνω (dual vocative)
βέλεμνᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to hit by throwing”), the same root of βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).


προσωποποιία

grc-noun

προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ

προσωποποιῐ́ᾱς

προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ • (prosōpopoiíā) f (genitive προσωποποιῐ́ᾱς); first declension

προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
prosōpopoiíā (romanization)
προσωποποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ προσωποποιῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς προσωποποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσωποποιῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσωποποιῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προσωποποιῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσωποποιῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς προσωποποιῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν προσωποποιῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προσωποποιῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
προσωποποιῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

προσωποποιῐ́ᾱ

→ English: prosopopoeia (learned)

→ French: prosopopée (learned)

→ Italian: prosopopea (learned)

From προσωποποιέω (prosōpopoiéō) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

προσωποποιέω

dramatization, the putting of speeches into the mouths of characters


ὄσπριον

grc-noun

ὄσπρῐον • (ósprion) n (genitive ὀσπρίου); second declension

ὄσπρῐον (canonical)
ósprion (romanization)
ὀσπρίου (genitive)
τὸ ὄσπρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄσπρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀσπρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσπρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀσπρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀσπρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄσπρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄσπρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄσπρῐον (singular vocative)
ὀσπρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὄσπρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όσπριο (ósprio)

Of unclear origin. Connections with σπεῖρον (speîron, “wrapping cover”) and σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”) have been suggested, but this is impossible because "ὀ" is not a prothetic vowel. The word is more likely a substrate borrowing, perhaps from the same source as Old Armenian ոսպն (ospn, “lentil”).


ποσί

grc-noun form

ποσῐ́ • (posí)


πόδες

πόδες • (pódes)

nominative/vocative plural of πούς (poús)


ποδί

ποδῐ́ • (podí)


πόδα

πόδᾰ • (póda)


πόδεσσι

πόδεσσῐ • (pódessi)

πόδεσσῐ (canonical)
pódessi (romanization)


ποδοῖιν

ποδοῖῐν • (podoîin)

ποδοῖῐν (canonical)
podoîin (romanization)


ποσσίν

ποσσίν • (possín)

dative plural of πούς (poús) with movable nu


πόδεσσιν

πόδεσσῐν • (pódessin)

πόδεσσῐν (canonical)
pódessin (romanization)


κούρην

κούρην • (koúrēn)


βουλήν

βουλήν • (boulḗn)


βουλῇ

βουλῇ • (boulêi)


θάλαμον

θάλᾰμον • (thálamon)

θάλᾰμον (canonical)
thálamon (romanization)

accusative singular of θάλαμος (thálamos)


αἰγῶν

αἰγῶν • (aigôn)


ἀκήν

ἀκήν • (akḗn)

Adverbial accusative of barely attested ἀκή (akḗ, “silence”); possibly also related to ἦκα (êka, “softly, low”).

accusative singular of ἀκή (akḗ, “point; silence; healing”)


νῶτα

νῶτᾰ • (nôta)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of νῶτον (nôton)


βασιλῆα

βᾰσῐλῆᾰ • (basilêa)

βᾰσῐλῆᾰ (canonical)
basilêa (romanization)

accusative singular of βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús)


ὀσπριοθήκη

grc-noun

ὀσπρῐοθήκη • (ospriothḗkē) f (genitive ὀσπριοθήκης); first declension

ὀσπρῐοθήκη (canonical)
ospriothḗkē (romanization)
ὀσπριοθήκης (genitive)
ἡ ὀσπρῐοθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐοθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀσπρῐοθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀσπρῐοθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐοθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσπρῐοθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀσπρῐοθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐοθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀσπρῐοθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀσπρῐοθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐοθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀσπρῐοθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀσπρῐοθήκη (singular vocative)
ὀσπρῐοθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀσπρῐοθῆκαι (plural vocative)

From ὄσπριον (ósprion, “legume, pulse”) + -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, box”).


παῖδ'

grc-noun form

παῖδ’ • (paîd’)


βόστρυχος

grc-noun

βόστρῠχος • (bóstrukhos) m (genitive βοστρύχου); second declension

βόστρῠχος (canonical)
bóstrukhos (romanization)
βοστρύχου (genitive)
ὁ βόστρῠχος (nominative singular)
τὼ βοστρῠ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ βόστρῠχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βοστρῠ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοστρῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βοστρῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ βοστρῠ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βοστρῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βοστρῠ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν βόστρῠχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βοστρῠ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βοστρῠ́χους (accusative plural)
βόστρῠχε (singular vocative)
βοστρῠ́χω (dual vocative)
βόστρῠχοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Bostrichus

Unknown but perhaps of Pre-Greek origin. Often connected with βότρυς (bótrus, “bunch of grapes”).


ὕπνον

ὕπνον • (húpnon) n (genitive ὕπνου); second declension

húpnon (romanization)
ὕπνου (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔́πνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́πνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́πνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́πνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́πνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́πνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́πνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́πνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́πνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔́πνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́πνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́πνᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́πνον (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́πνω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́πνᾰ (plural vocative)


ὕπνον

grc-noun form

ὕπνον • (húpnon)


σφάκελος

grc-noun

σφάκελος • (sphákelos) m (genitive σφᾰκέλου); second declension

sphákelos (romanization)
σφᾰκέλου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́κελος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́κελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰκέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰκέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰκέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰκέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́κελον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰκέλους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́κελε (singular vocative)
σφᾰκέλω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́κελοι (plural vocative)

French: sphacèle

Italian: sfacelo

Portuguese: esfácelo

The formation is similar to σκόπελος (skópelos) and πύελος (púelos), from an unknown root. The word has been connected with Middle High German spachen (“to split”) and Low German spaken (“to putrify”) but it can hardly be correct.

unk

unknown

spasm, convulsion, cramp, twitching pain


σφάκελος

From Pre-Greek, in view of the variation.


ἰσάτις

grc-noun

ῑ̓σάτῐς • (īsátis) f (genitive ῑ̓σάτῐδος); third declension

ῑ̓σάτῐς (canonical)
īsátis (romanization)
ῑ̓σάτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs īsátisi (dative plural)
taîs īsátisin (dative plural)
τὴν ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐς (singular vocative)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: سُدُوس (sudūs)

desc

→ Hebrew: אִיסָטִיס (ʾīsāṭēs)

→ Hebrew: אִיסָטִיס (ʾīsāṭēs), in old times also אֶסְטֵס (ʾesəṭēs), אסטס, אִסְטֵיס (ʾīsəṭēs), סטיס

→ Latin: īsatis
→ Translingual: Isatis

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܝܣܛܝܣ (/*ʾīsāṭēs/), ܐܝܣܐܛܝܣ (/*ʾīsāṭēs/)

Unknown. Perhaps loaned from a substrate source common to Latin vitrum (“glass, dyer's woad”), Proto-Germanic *waizdaz. Beekes notes that the plant was probably named for its glass-like color.

Isatis tinctoria
Isatis tinctoria#Translingual


ἀχυροθήκη

grc-noun

ἀχῠροθήκη • (akhurothḗkē) f (genitive ἀχῠροθήκης); first declension

ἀχῠροθήκη (canonical)
akhurothḗkē (romanization)
ἀχῠροθήκης (genitive)
ἡ ἀχῠροθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀχῠροθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀχῠροθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀχῠροθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀχῠροθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀχῠροθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀχῠροθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀχῠροθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀχῠροθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀχῠροθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀχῠροθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀχῠροθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀχῠροθήκη (singular vocative)
ἀχῠροθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀχῠροθῆκαι (plural vocative)

From ἄχυρον (ákhuron, “chaff”) and -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, box”).


ὅρμινον

ὅρμῑνον • (hórmīnon) n (genitive ὁρμῑ́νου); second declension

ὅρμῑνον (canonical)
hórmīnon (romanization)
ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁρμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁρμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ὅρμῑνον (singular vocative)
ὁρμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ὅρμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: horminum
Catalan: ormí

→ Translingual: Horminum

The formation is like σέλινον (sélinon) and κύμινον (kúminon). It has originally been connected with ὅρμος (hórmos) and ὁρμή (hormḗ), but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


χοῖνιξ

χοῖνιξ • (khoînix) f (genitive χοίνικος); third declension

khoînix (romanization)
χοίνικος (genitive)
ἡ χοῖνῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ χοίνῐκε (dual nominative)
αἱ χοίνῐκες (nominative plural)
τῆς χοίνῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χοινῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χοινῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ χοίνῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χοινῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χοίνῐξῐ (dative plural)
χοίνῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs khoínixi (dative plural)
taîs khoínixin (dative plural)
τὴν χοίνῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χοίνῐκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χοίνῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
χοῖνῐξ (singular vocative)
χοίνῐκε (dual vocative)
χοίνῐκες (plural vocative)

→ English: choenix

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


κάπηλος

κάπηλος • (kápēlos) m or f (genitive κᾰπήλου); second declension

kápēlos (romanization)
κᾰπήλου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κᾰ́πηλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰπήλω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κᾰ́πηλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κᾰπήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰπήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰπήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κᾰπήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰπήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κᾰπήλοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́πηλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰπήλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰπήλους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́πηλε (singular vocative)
κᾰπήλω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́πηλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κάπηλος (kápilos)

Beekes finds improbable a derivation from κάπη (kápē, “crib, manger”). Probably related to Latin caupō (“innkeeper”); as the Greek could be from Pre-Greek, this would render the Latin a substrate borrowing, as well. Furnee additionally compares Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒉺𒅈 (ḫappar, “purchase, price”).


πάτελλα

grc-noun

πάτελλα • (pátella) f (genitive πατέλλης); first declension

pátella (romanization)
πατέλλης (genitive)
ἡ πάτελλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πατέλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πάτελλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πατέλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πατέλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πατελλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πατέλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πατέλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πατέλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν πάτελλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πατέλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πατέλλᾱς (accusative plural)
πάτελλᾰ (singular vocative)
πατέλλᾱ (dual vocative)
πάτελλαι (plural vocative)

ante 212, Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 36.970.1

150–200, Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten VI 9042, 2


ἀράξα

ἀράξα • (aráxa) f (genitive ἀράξης); first declension

aráxa (romanization)
ἀράξης (genitive)
ἡ ἀρᾰ́ξᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀρᾰ́ξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀρᾰ́ξης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρᾰ́ξαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρᾰξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀρᾰ́ξῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρᾰ́ξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀρᾰ́ξαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀρᾰ́ξᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀρᾰ́ξᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀρᾰ́ξᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀρᾰ́ξαι (plural vocative)

A fabulous plant which grows by the river Araxes


ῥαψῳδία

ῥᾰψῳδῐ́ᾱ • (rhapsōidíā) f (genitive ῥᾰψῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ῥᾰψῳδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
rhapsōidíā (romanization)
ῥᾰψῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαψῳδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαψῳδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαψῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαψῳδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαψῳδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ῥαψῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥαψῳδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: rhapsōdia

→ Middle French: rhapsodie

→ English: rhapsody

French: rhapsodie

From ῥαψῳδός (rhapsōidós, “performer of Epic poetry”) + -ία (-ía).


Λακεδαιμονίων

grc-noun form

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ων

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ων • (Lakedaimoníōn)

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ων (canonical)
Lakedaimoníōn (romanization)

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος

genitive plural of Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος (Lakedaimónios)


ναυσίν

ναυσίν • (nausín)

dative plural of ναῦς (naûs) with movable nu


βασιλῆος

βᾰσῐλῆος • (basilêos)

βᾰσῐλῆος (canonical)
basilêos (romanization)

(Epic) genitive singular of βασιλεύς (basileús)


Λακεδαιμονίους

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ους

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ους • (Lakedaimoníous)

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́ους (canonical)
Lakedaimoníous (romanization)

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος

accusative plural of Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος (Lakedaimónios)


Λακεδαιμονίοις

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́οις

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́οις • (Lakedaimoníois)

Λᾰκεδαιμονῐ́οις (canonical)
Lakedaimoníois (romanization)

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος

dative plural of Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος (Lakedaimónios)


λοιγόν

λοιγόν • (loigón)


δοῦρα

δοῦρᾰ • (doûra)

(Epic) nominative/accusative/vocative plural of δόρῠ (dóru)


νεκύων

νεκύων • (nekúōn)


δύναμιν

δῠ́νᾰμῐν • (dúnamin)

δῠ́νᾰμῐν (canonical)
dúnamin (romanization)

accusative singular of δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dúnamis)


τρόπῳ

τρόπῳ • (trópōi)


οἴκου

οἴκου • (oíkou)


Ἑλλήνων

Ἑλλήνων • (Hellḗnōn)


Ἕλληνας

Ἕλληνᾰς • (Héllēnas)

Ἕλληνᾰς (canonical)
Héllēnas (romanization)


θάλασσαν

θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν • (thálassan)

θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν (canonical)
thálassan (romanization)

accusative singular of θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (thálassa)


λοιγός

grc-noun

λοιγός • (loigós) m (genitive λοιγοῦ); second declension

loigós (romanization)
λοιγοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λοιγός (nominative singular)
τὼ λοιγώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λοιγοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λοιγοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοιγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοιγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λοιγῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοιγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λοιγοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λοιγόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λοιγώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λοιγούς (accusative plural)
λοιγέ (singular vocative)
λοιγώ (dual vocative)
λοιγοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *lig-ós, from *leyg- (“illness”). Synchronically, an agent noun meaning "destroyer" from an unattested verb preserved in Lithuanian líegti (“to be ailing”).


Λακεδαιμόνιοι

grc-noun form

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐοι

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐοι • (Lakedaimónioi)

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐοι (canonical)
Lakedaimónioi (romanization)

Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος

nominative/vocative plural of Λᾰκεδαιμόνῐος (Lakedaimónios)


ἀφάκη

grc-noun

ἀφάκη • (aphákē) f (genitive ἀφάκης); first declension

aphákē (romanization)
ἀφάκης (genitive)
ἡ ἀφάκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφάκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφάκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφάκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφακῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφάκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφάκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφάκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφάκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφάκη (singular vocative)
ἀφάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφάκαι (plural vocative)

Latin: aphaca

Translingual: Aphaca

Probably a substrate word related to φακός (phakós, “lentil”).

Taraxacum officinale
Taraxacum officinale#Translingual


σανδαράκη

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (sandarákē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (canonical)
sandarákē (romanization)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ

Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Latin: sandaraca

English: sandarac

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /šindu, simṭu, šimtu/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/šindu arqu/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".
Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

unk

unknown


ἔργῳ

grc-noun form

ἔργῳ • (érgōi)


γνώμῃ

γνώμῃ • (gnṓmēi)

/ɡnɔ̌ː.mɛːi̯/

/ɡnɔ̌ː.mɛːi̯/


ὁπλίτας

ὁπλῑ́τᾱς • (hoplī́tās)

ὁπλῑ́τᾱς (canonical)
hoplī́tās (romanization)

accusative plural of ὁπλῑ́της (hoplī́tēs)


γνώμην

γνώμην • (gnṓmēn)

/ɡnɔ̌ː.mɛːn/

/ɡnɔ̌ː.mɛːn/


βίαι

βῐ́αι • (bíai)

nominative/vocative plural of βῐ́ᾱ (bíā)


βίαις

βῐ́αις • (bíais)


ἀρχήν

ᾰ̓ρχήν • (arkhḗn)

ᾰ̓ρχήν (canonical)
arkhḗn (romanization)


μάχῃ

μᾰ́χῃ • (mákhēi)


λόγῳ

λόγῳ • (lógōi)


λόγοιν

λόγοιν • (lógoin)


ὁπλῖται

ὁπλῖται • (hoplîtai)

nominative/vocative plural of ὁπλῑ́της (hoplī́tēs)


λόγοις

λόγοις • (lógois)


ἡμερῶν

ἡμερῶν • (hēmerôn)


φυλακήν

φῠλᾰκήν • (phulakḗn)

φῠλᾰκήν (canonical)
phulakḗn (romanization)


ἡμέραιν

ἡμέραιν • (hēmérain)


βίᾳ

βῐ́ᾳ • (bíāi)


χειμῶνος

χειμῶνος • (kheimônos)


ἡμέρᾳ

ἡμέρᾳ • (hēmérāi)


ἡμέραις

ἡμέραις • (hēmérais)


ἡμέραν

ἡμέρᾱν • (hēmérān)

ἡμέρᾱν (canonical)
hēmérān (romanization)


χειμῶνι

χειμῶνῐ • (kheimôni)

χειμῶνῐ (canonical)
kheimôni (romanization)


βίαν

βῐ́ᾱν • (bíān)


λόγον

λόγον • (lógon)


σπονδάς

σπονδᾱ́ς • (spondā́s)

σπονδᾱ́ς (canonical)
spondā́s (romanization)


σπονδαί

σπονδαί • (spondaí)

nominative/vocative plural of σπονδή (spondḗ)


στρατιάν

στρᾰτῐᾱ́ν • (stratiā́n)

στρᾰτῐᾱ́ν (canonical)
stratiā́n (romanization)

accusative singular of στρᾰτῐᾱ́ (stratiā́)


στρατιᾷ

στρᾰτῐᾷ • (stratiâi)

στρᾰτῐᾷ (canonical)
stratiâi (romanization)


στρατῷ

στρᾰτῷ • (stratôi)

στρᾰτῷ (canonical)
stratôi (romanization)


στρατοῖς

στρᾰτοῖς • (stratoîs)

στρᾰτοῖς (canonical)
stratoîs (romanization)


στρατιᾶς

στρᾰτῐᾶς • (stratiâs)

στρᾰτῐᾶς (canonical)
stratiâs (romanization)

genitive singular of στρᾰτῐᾱ́ (stratiā́)


χρόνοιν

χρόνοιν • (khrónoin)

genitive/dative dual of χρόνος (khrónos)


χρόνοις

χρόνοις • (khrónois)


στρατηγούς

στρᾰτηγούς • (stratēgoús)

στρᾰτηγούς (canonical)
stratēgoús (romanization)

accusative plural of στρᾰτηγός (stratēgós)


στρατεύματι

στρᾰτεύμᾰτῐ • (strateúmati)

στρᾰτεύμᾰτῐ (canonical)
strateúmati (romanization)

dative singular of στρᾰ́τευμᾰ (stráteuma)


στρατηγόν

στρᾰτηγόν • (stratēgón)

στρᾰτηγόν (canonical)
stratēgón (romanization)

accusative singular of στρᾰτηγός (stratēgós)


πλήθει

πλήθει • (plḗthei)

inflection of πλῆθος (plêthos):
dative singular

inflection of πλῆθος (plêthos):
nominative/accusative/vocative dual


στρατεύματος

στρᾰτεύμᾰτος

στρᾰτεύμᾰτος • (strateúmatos)

στρᾰτεύμᾰτος (canonical)
strateúmatos (romanization)

genitive singular of στρᾰ́τευμᾰ (stráteuma)


χρόνῳ

χρόνῳ • (khrónōi)


στρατηγοῖς

στρᾰτηγοῖς • (stratēgoîs)

στρᾰτηγοῖς (canonical)
stratēgoîs (romanization)


στρατῶν

στρᾰτῶν • (stratôn)

στρᾰτῶν (canonical)
stratôn (romanization)


ἡμέραι

ἡμέραι • (hēmérai)

nominative/vocative plural of ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā)


στρατηγοί

στρᾰτηγοί • (stratēgoí)

στρᾰτηγοί (canonical)
stratēgoí (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of στρᾰτηγός (stratēgós)


ῥόον

ῥόον • (rhóon)


στρατηγῶν

στρᾰτηγῶν • (stratēgôn)

στρᾰτηγῶν (canonical)
stratēgôn (romanization)

genitive plural of στρᾰτηγός (stratēgós)


γονόρροια

grc-noun

γονόρροιᾰ • (gonórrhoia) f (genitive γονορροίᾱς); first declension

γονόρροιᾰ (canonical)
gonórrhoia (romanization)
γονορροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γονόρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γονόρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γονορροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γονορροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γονορροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γονορροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γονόρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γονορροίᾱς (accusative plural)
γονόρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
γονορροίᾱ (dual vocative)
γονόρροιαι (plural vocative)

English: gonorrhea

From γόνος (gónos, “sperm, seed”) and ῥοία (rhoía, “flux”).


ἀλάβης

ἀλάβης • (alábēs) f (genitive ἀλάβητος); third declension

alábēs (romanization)
ἀλάβητος (genitive)
ἡ ἀλάβης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀλάβητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀλάβητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλαβήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀλάβητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀλάβησῐ (dative plural)
ἀλάβησῐν (dative plural)
taîs alábēsi (dative plural)
taîs alábēsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀλάβητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀλάβητᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλάβης (singular vocative)
ἀλάβητε (dual vocative)
ἀλάβητες (plural vocative)

→ Demotic: lbs

→ Coptic: ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs) (Sahidic)

→ Arabic: لَبِيس (labīs)

Unclear. Perhaps from Coptic ⲗⲉⲓϥⲓ (leifi, “fish of the Nile”). However, Furnée connects this word with similar names for fish, like ἔλλοψ (éllops) and ἀλλοπίᾱς (allopíās) and concludes that it is a Pre-Greek word.
Demotic lbs (“fish of the Nile”), and its successor Coptic ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs), is certainly a reborrowing from Greek.

unk

Unclear

cog

A kind of fish that lives in the Nile (possibly Labeo niloticus)


κημός

grc-noun

κημός • (kēmós) m (genitive κημοῦ); second declension

kēmós (romanization)
κημοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κημός (nominative singular)
τὼ κημώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κημοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κημοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κημοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κημῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κημῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κημοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κημοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κημόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κημώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κημούς (accusative plural)
κημέ (singular vocative)
κημώ (dual vocative)
κημοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cāmus

Unexplained. The connection with Old Armenian քամեմ (kʻamem, “to press (out)”) is formally possible but it is incompatible with the probable basic meaning of the Greek word, wicker. The same holds with other supposed cognates like Lithuanian kāmanos (“harness”), Russian ком (kom, “clump”) and Middle High German hemmen (“to restrain, hamper”). Furnée suggests, instead, a derivation from a Pre-Greek source common to χάβος (khábos) and χαμόν (khamón).

cog

cloth used by bakers to cover the nose and the mouth


σίτου

grc-noun form

σῑ́του • (sī́tou)

σῑ́του (canonical)
sī́tou (romanization)


πόνον

πόνον • (pónon)


εὐνῆς

εὐνῆς • (eunês)


ῥόος

grc-noun

ῥόος • (rhóos) m (genitive ῥόου); second declension

rhóos (romanization)
ῥόου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόους (accusative plural)
ῥόε (singular vocative)
ῥόω (dual vocative)
ῥόοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Ionic and later writers have the dative singular <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ῥοΐ</i> (rhoḯ).

From Proto-Hellenic *hrówos, from Proto-Indo-European *srówos, from *srew- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्रव (srava), Latvian strava, Lithuanian sravà, Proto-Slavic *ostrovъ.


γωλεοῦ

grc-noun form

γωλεοῦ • (gōleoû)


ὄλπη

grc-noun

ὄλπη • (ólpē) f (genitive ὄλπης); first declension

ólpē (romanization)
ὄλπης (genitive)
ἡ ὄλπη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄλπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄλπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄλπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄλπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀλπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄλπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄλπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄλπαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄλπην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄλπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄλπᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄλπη (singular vocative)
ὄλπᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄλπαι (plural vocative)

→ English: olpe

→ Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌐𐌀𐌉𐌀 (ulpaia)

→ German: Olpe

According to Beekes, a derivative of ἔλπος (élpos, “olive oil”).


ἴκμη

ἴκμη • (íkmē) f (genitive ἴκμης); first declension

íkmē (romanization)
ἴκμης (genitive)
ἡ ἴκμη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἴκμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἴκμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἴκμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἴκμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἴκμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἴκμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἴκμαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἴκμην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἴκμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἴκμᾱς (accusative plural)
ἴκμη (singular vocative)
ἴκμᾱ (dual vocative)
ἴκμαι (plural vocative)

Ultimately from ἰκμάς (ikmás, “moisture”).


γωλεός

γωλεός • (gōleós) m (genitive γωλεοῦ); second declension

gōleós (romanization)
γωλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γωλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ γωλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γωλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γωλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γωλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γωλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γωλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γωλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γωλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γωλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γωλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γωλεούς (accusative plural)
γωλεέ (singular vocative)
γωλεώ (dual vocative)
γωλεοί (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gwol-, and compared with Lithuanian guõlis (“den”), Latvian guoļa (“lair, nest”), and Armenian կաղաղ (kaġaġ, “hole”). However, this comparison is uncertain and the influence of φωλεός (phōleós), as well as the slight similarity with γύαλον (gúalon, “hollow of a vessel”), must be considered.


πτελέα

πτελέᾱ • (pteléā) f (genitive πτελέᾱς); first declension

πτελέᾱ (canonical)
pteléā (romanization)
πτελέᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πτελέᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτελέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πτελέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πτελέᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτελέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτελεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πτελέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτελέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτελέαις (dative plural)
τὴν πτελέᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πτελέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτελέᾱς (accusative plural)
πτελέᾱ (singular vocative)
πτελέᾱ (dual vocative)
πτελέαι (plural vocative)

Greek: φτελιά (fteliá)

⇒ Pontic Greek: φτελίδ' (ftelíd')

→⇒ Old Armenian: պտղի (ptłi)

The suffix -έᾱ (-éā) is frequent in tree names, like ἰτέᾱ (itéā, “willow”) and μηλέᾱ (mēléā). The word πτέλας (ptélas, “boar”) is formally close but the semantics are far off. Also Latin populus (“poplar”) cannot be related, since it deviates strongly in form and meaning. Maybe from the same source of Latin tilia (“linden”), Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi, “elm”), Old Georgian თელაჲ (telay, “elm”). Furnée argues for a Pre-Greek origin and connects it with μελία (melía, “ash tree”). Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐁇𐀩𐀷 (pte-re-wa /*pteléwā/, “~elm”).


ὑδρόμελι

grc-noun

ὑδρόμελῐ • (hudrómeli) n (genitive ὑδρομέλῐτος); third declension

ὑδρόμελῐ (canonical)
hudrómeli (romanization)
ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδρομελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδρομέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδρομέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὑδρομέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisi (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisin (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδρόμελῐ (singular vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: υδρόμελο (ydrómelo)

→ Catalan: hidromel

→ English: hydromel

→ Latin: hydromel

→ Italian: idromele

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + μέλι (méli, “honey”).


ἀλλοπίας

grc-noun

ἀλλοπίᾱς • (allopíās) m (genitive ἀλλοπίου); first declension

ἀλλοπίᾱς (canonical)
allopíās (romanization)
ἀλλοπίου (genitive)
ὁ ἀλλοπίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀλλοπίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλλοπίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλλοπιῶν (genitive plural)
ἀλλοπιάων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλλοπίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλλοπίαις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀλλοπίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀλλοπίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀλλοπίαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀλλοπιῶν, ἀλλοπιάων

Perhaps from the same Pre-Greek root of ἀλάβης (alábēs) and ἔλλοψ (éllops). Compare also αὐλωπίας (aulōpías).


κειρία

grc-noun

κειρῐ́ᾱ • (keiríā) f (genitive κειρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κειρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
keiríā (romanization)
κειρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κειρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κειρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κειρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κειρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κειρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κειρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κειρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κειρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κειρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κειρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κειρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κειρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κειρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κειρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κειρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

The connection with καῖρος (kaîros, “string”) seems obvious. The presence of the alternative forms leads to a Pre-Greek origin.


δυνάμει

grc-noun form

δῠνᾰ́μει • (dunámei)

δῠνᾰ́μει (canonical)
dunámei (romanization)

inflection of δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dúnamis):
dative singular

inflection of δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dúnamis):
nominative/accusative/vocative dual


μάνυζα

head

μάνυζα • (mánuza)

According to Beekes, clearly from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the suffix "-ζα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: μονοκέφαλον σκόροδον (monoképhalon skórodon, literally “one-headed garlic”).


ἴον

grc-noun

ῐ̓́ον • (íon) n (genitive ῐ̓́ου); second declension

ῐ̓́ον (canonical)
íon (romanization)
ῐ̓́ου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓́οις (dative plural)
ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́ω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́ᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̓́οις, ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ

Related to Latin viola, both from a common (unknown) Mediterranean substrate. Originally *ϝίον (*wíon).

Viola odorata
Viola odorata#Translingual

violet, namely sweet violet (Viola odorata)

synonym of κρίνον (krínon, “white lily”)


βολίζη

grc-noun

βολίζη • (bolízē) f (genitive βολίζης); first declension

bolízē (romanization)
βολίζης (genitive)
ἡ βολίζη (nominative singular)
τὼ βολίζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βολίζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βολίζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολίζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολιζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βολίζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολίζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βολίζαις (dative plural)
τὴν βολίζην (accusative singular)
τὼ βολίζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βολίζᾱς (accusative plural)
βολίζη (singular vocative)
βολίζᾱ (dual vocative)
βολίζαι (plural vocative)


λάρος

λᾰ́ρος • (láros) m (genitive λᾰ́ρου); second declension

λᾰ́ρος (canonical)
láros (romanization)
λᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ λᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
λᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

Greek: γλάρος (gláros)

→ Latin: larus

→ Translingual: Larus

→ Old Georgian: ლაროსი (larosi)

Probably of onomatopoeic origin but compare Armenian լոր (lor, “quail”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

kind of ravenous sea bird, perhaps the seamew, the gull


φίμωσις

grc-noun

φῑ́μωσῐς • (phī́mōsis) f (genitive φῑμώσεως); third declension

φῑ́μωσῐς (canonical)
phī́mōsis (romanization)
φῑμώσεως (genitive)
ἡ φῑ́μωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ φῑμώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ φῑμώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς φῑμώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῑμωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῑμώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ φῑμώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν φῑμωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῑμώσεσῐ (dative plural)
φῑμώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs phīmṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs phīmṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν φῑ́μωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῑμώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῑμώσεις (accusative plural)
φῑ́μωσῐ (singular vocative)
φῑμώσει (dual vocative)
φῑμώσεις (plural vocative)

→ English: phimosis

→ Italian: fimosi

→ Spanish: fimosis

From φῑμόω (phīmóō, “to muzzle”) + -σῐς (-sis).


ὀνόμασιν

grc-noun form

ὀνόμᾰσῐν • (onómasin) n

ὀνόμᾰσῐν (canonical)
onómasin (romanization)

dative plural of ὄνομᾰ (ónoma) with movable nu


σοφιῶν

σοφῐῶν (canonical)
sophiôn (romanization)


σοφίαν

σοφῐ́ᾱν • (sophíān) f

σοφῐ́ᾱν (canonical)
sophíān (romanization)


σοφίᾳ

σοφῐ́ᾳ • (sophíāi) f

σοφῐ́ᾳ (canonical)
sophíāi (romanization)


σοφίαι

σοφῐ́αι • (sophíai) f

σοφῐ́αι (canonical)
sophíai (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of σοφῐ́ᾱ (sophíā)


σοφίαις

σοφῐ́αις • (sophíais) f

σοφῐ́αις (canonical)
sophíais (romanization)


σοφίαιν

σοφῐ́αιν • (sophíain) f

σοφῐ́αιν (canonical)
sophíain (romanization)


βίλλος

head

βίλλος • (bíllos)

Furnée compares the word with ἀβίλλιον (abíllion, “manly, masculine”). The prothetic vowel may point to a Pre-Greek origin.


κορβᾶν

korbân (romanization)
ὁ κορβᾶν (nominative singular)
τοῦ κορβᾶν (genitive singular)
τῷ κορβᾶν (dative singular)
τὸν κορβᾶν (accusative singular)
κορβᾶν (singular vocative)

→ English: corban

→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (kaurban)

→ Old Armenian: կորբան (korban)

From Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān, “offering, sacrifice”).

der

corban, gift or votive offering for the service of God


δράβη

grc-noun

δράβη • (drábē) f (genitive δράβης); first declension

drábē (romanization)
δράβης (genitive)
ἡ δράβη (nominative singular)
τὼ δράβᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δράβαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δράβης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δράβαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δραβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δράβῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δράβαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δράβαις (dative plural)
τὴν δράβην (accusative singular)
τὼ δράβᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δράβᾱς (accusative plural)
δράβη (singular vocative)
δράβᾱ (dual vocative)
δράβαι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Draba

Lepidium draba
Lepidium draba#Translingual


εὐζηλία

εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ • (euzēlíā) f (genitive εὐζηλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
euzēlíā (romanization)
εὐζηλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐζήλῐαι (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐζηλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐζηλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐζηλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐζηλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐζηλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐζηλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν εὐζηλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐζηλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
εὐζηλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐζήλῐαι (plural vocative)

From εὔζηλος (eúzēlos, “having good taste”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὖ (eû, “good”) + ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal”).


ἄσχυ

grc-noun

ἄσχῠ • (áskhu) n (genitive ἄσχῠος); third declension

ἄσχῠ (canonical)
áskhu (romanization)
ἄσχῠος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́σχῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σχῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́σχῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs áskhusi (dative plural)
toîs áskhusin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (plural vocative)

inspissated juice of the fruit of the bird cherry


σκόπελος

σκόπελος • (skópelos) m (genitive σκοπέλου); second declension

skópelos (romanization)
σκοπέλου (genitive)
ὁ σκόπελος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκοπέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκόπελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκοπέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκοπέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκοπέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκοπέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκοπέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκοπέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκόπελον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκοπέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκοπέλους (accusative plural)
σκόπελε (singular vocative)
σκοπέλω (dual vocative)
σκόπελοι (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: scopulus
Italian: scoppio (“cliff”) (medieval hapax, Umbria)
Vulgar Latin: *scoculum (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: scopulo (learned)

Maybe related to σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to look at”) if the original meaning of the word is watchtower.


ἔλλοψ

grc-noun

ἔλλοψ • (éllops) m (genitive ἔλλοπος); third declension

éllops (romanization)
ἔλλοπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔλλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔλλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔλλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔλλοψῐ (dative plural)
ἔλλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs éllopsi (dative plural)
toîs éllopsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔλλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔλλοψ (singular vocative)
ἔλλοπε (dual vocative)
ἔλλοπες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: helops

Beekes suggest a Pre-Greek origin for this word in view of the variation λ/λλ. He further connects the word with ἀλλοπίας (allopías), hinting at a common word for a great fish.

Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio#Translingual

European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio)


λάβραξ

λάβραξ • (lábrax) m (genitive λάβρᾱκος); third declension

lábrax (romanization)
λάβρᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ λάβρᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ λάβρᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λάβρᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαβρᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ λάβρᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λάβρᾱξῐ (dative plural)
λάβρᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxi (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxin (dative plural)
τὸν λάβρᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λάβρᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
λάβρᾱξ (singular vocative)
λάβρᾱκε (dual vocative)
λάβρᾱκες (plural vocative)

Latin: Labrax

→ Old Armenian: ղաբրաքս (łabrakʻs)

From λάβρος (lábros, “furious, fierce”).

Dicentrarchus labrax
Dicentrarchus labrax#Translingual


ἀρβάλη

head

ἀρβάλη • (arbálē)

Hesychius gives the definition as: τήγανον ὀστράκινον (tḗganon ostrákinon, “clay frying pan”).


κλεμμύς

grc-noun

κλεμμῠ́ς • (klemmús) f (genitive κλεμμῠ́ος); third declension

κλεμμῠ́ς (canonical)
klemmús (romanization)
κλεμμῠ́ος (genitive)
ἡ κλεμμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλεμμῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τῆς κλεμμῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλεμμῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλεμμῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλεμμῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλεμμῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs klemmusí (dative plural)
taîs klemmusín (dative plural)
τὴν κλεμμῠ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλεμμῦς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ (singular vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ε (dual vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to that of synonymous words χέλυς (khélus) and ἐμύς (emús). Originally considered a folk-etymological adaptation to κλέμμα (klémma) and κλέπτω (kléptō, “to conceal”), because turtles can hide their bodies under their shell. Furnée compares κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and χρέμυς (khrémus, “a sort of cod”); these variants confirm that the word is Pre-Greek.


φιμός

φῑμός • (phīmós) m (genitive φῑμοῦ); second declension

φῑμός (canonical)
phīmós (romanization)
φῑμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φῑμός (nominative singular)
τὼ φῑμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φῑμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φῑμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῑμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῑμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φῑμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῑμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φῑμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φῑμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῑμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φῑμούς (accusative plural)
φῑμέ (singular vocative)
φῑμώ (dual vocative)
φῑμοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: phīmus

Unexplained. According to Beekes, the similarity of the suffix with κημός (kēmós, “muzzle”) is notable, while the relation with φιτρός (phitrós, “block of wood”) seems improbable.

unk

Unexplained

tightening, constriction by means of ropes


τείχει

grc-noun form

τείχει • (teíkhei)

inflection of τεῖχος (teîkhos):
dative singular

inflection of τεῖχος (teîkhos):
nominative/accusative/vocative dual


χρήμασι

χρήμᾰσῐ • (khrḗmasi)

χρήμᾰσῐ (canonical)
khrḗmasi (romanization)


ἐλπίδα

ἐλπῐ́δᾰ • (elpída)

ἐλπῐ́δᾰ (canonical)
elpída (romanization)


Βοιωτοί

Βοιωτοί • (Boiōtoí)

nominative/vocative plural of Βοιωτός (Boiōtós)


Βοιωτούς

Βοιωτούς • (Boiōtoús)


ἱππῆς

ἱππῆς • (hippês)

nominative/vocative plural of ἱππεύς (hippeús)


χρήμασιν

χρήμᾰσῐν • (khrḗmasin)

χρήμᾰσῐν (canonical)
khrḗmasin (romanization)

dative plural of χρῆμᾰ (khrêma) with movable nu


Βοιωτῶν

Βοιωτῶν • (Boiōtôn)


χωρίων

χωρῐ́ων • (khōríōn)

χωρῐ́ων (canonical)
khōríōn (romanization)


χωρία

χωρῐ́ᾰ • (khōría)

χωρῐ́ᾰ (canonical)
khōría (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of χωρῐ́ον (khōríon)


Βοιωτοῖς

Βοιωτοῖς • (Boiōtoîs)


πλοῦν

πλοῦν • (ploûn)


ὁπλιτῶν

ὁπλῑτῶν • (hoplītôn)

ὁπλῑτῶν (canonical)
hoplītôn (romanization)


ὁπλίταις

ὁπλῑ́ταις • (hoplī́tais)

ὁπλῑ́ταις (canonical)
hoplī́tais (romanization)


νήσῳ

νήσῳ • (nḗsōi)

/nɛ̌ː.sɔːi̯/

/nɛ̌ː.sɔːi̯/


ἔτη

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ἔτος (étos)


ἱππέων

ἱππέων • (hippéōn)


χρημάτων

χρημᾰ́των • (khrēmátōn)

χρημᾰ́των (canonical)
khrēmátōn (romanization)


παρασκευῇ

πᾰρᾰσκευῇ • (paraskeuêi)

πᾰρᾰσκευῇ (canonical)
paraskeuêi (romanization)

dative singular of πᾰρᾰσκευή (paraskeuḗ)


παρασκευῆς

πᾰρᾰσκευῆς • (paraskeuês)

πᾰρᾰσκευῆς (canonical)
paraskeuês (romanization)

genitive singular of πᾰρᾰσκευή (paraskeuḗ)


παρασκευήν

πᾰρᾰσκευήν • (paraskeuḗn)

πᾰρᾰσκευήν (canonical)
paraskeuḗn (romanization)

accusative singular of πᾰρᾰσκευή (paraskeuḗ)


ἄρχοντα

ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ • (árkhonta)

ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ (canonical)
árkhonta (romanization)


κίνδυνον

κῐ́νδῡνον • (kíndūnon)

κῐ́νδῡνον (canonical)
kíndūnon (romanization)

accusative singular of κῐ́νδῡνος (kíndūnos)


ξυμμαχίαν

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱν • (xummakhíān)

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱν (canonical)
xummakhíān (romanization)

accusative singular of ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (xummakhíā)


ξυμμαχίας

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς • (xummakhíās)

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
xummakhíās (romanization)

inflection of ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (xummakhíā):
genitive singular

inflection of ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (xummakhíā):
accusative plural


χωρίον

grc-noun

χωρῐ́ον • (khōríon) n (genitive χωρῐ́ου); second declension

χωρῐ́ον (canonical)
khōríon (romanization)
χωρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ χωρῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ χωρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χωρῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χωρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χωρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χωρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χωρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χωρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χωρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ χωρῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ χωρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χωρῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
χωρῐ́ον (singular vocative)
χωρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
χωρῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

χῶρος (khôros) or χώρᾱ (khṓrā, “place”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


ὑστεραίᾳ

grc-noun form

ῠ̔στεραίᾳ • (husteraíāi)

ῠ̔στεραίᾳ (canonical)
husteraíāi (romanization)

dative singular of ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (husteraíā)


χωρίου

χωρῐ́ου • (khōríou)

χωρῐ́ου (canonical)
khōríou (romanization)


πολεμίοις

πολεμῐ́οις • (polemíois)

πολεμῐ́οις (canonical)
polemíois (romanization)


πολέμιον

πολέμῐον • (polémion)

πολέμῐον (canonical)
polémion (romanization)

accusative singular of πολέμῐος (polémios)


πολέμιοι

πολέμῐοι • (polémioi)

πολέμῐοι (canonical)
polémioi (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of πολέμῐος (polémios)


ἱππέας

ἱππέᾱς • (hippéās)

ἱππέᾱς (canonical)
hippéās (romanization)


πολεμίους

πολεμῐ́ους • (polemíous)

πολεμῐ́ους (canonical)
polemíous (romanization)

accusative plural of πολέμῐος (polémios)


ὑστεραία

grc-noun

ῠ̔στεραίᾱ • (husteraíā) f (genitive ῠ̔στεραίᾱς); first declension

ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (canonical)
husteraíā (romanization)
ῠ̔στεραίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔στεραῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔στεραίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔στεραίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔στεραιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔στεραίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔στεραίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔στεραίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔στεραίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔στεραίᾱς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔στεραίᾱ (dual vocative)
ῠ̔στεραῖαι (plural vocative)

By ellipsis of ῠ̔στεραίᾱ ἡμέρᾱ (husteraíā hēmérā, “next day”).


πολεμίων

grc-noun form

πολεμῐ́ων • (polemíōn)

πολεμῐ́ων (canonical)
polemíōn (romanization)


ξυμμαχία

grc-noun

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ • (xummakhíā) f (genitive ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
xummakhíā (romanization)
ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξῠμμᾰχῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῠμμᾰχῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῠμμᾰχῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῠμμᾰχῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξῠμμᾰχῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ξῠμμᾰχῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ξῠμμᾰχῐ́αι (plural vocative)


πολέμιος

πολέμῐος • (polémios) m (genitive πολεμῐ́ου); second declension

πολέμῐος (canonical)
polémios (romanization)
πολεμῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ πολέμῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ πολεμῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ πολέμῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολεμῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολεμῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολεμῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολεμῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολεμῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολεμῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν πολέμῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολεμῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πολεμῐ́ους (accusative plural)
πολέμῐε (singular vocative)
πολεμῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πολέμῐοι (plural vocative)

πόλεμος (pólemos, “war”) + -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix)


φαρκίς

grc-noun

φαρκῑ́ς • (pharkī́s) f (genitive φαρκῖδος); third declension

φαρκῑ́ς (canonical)
pharkī́s (romanization)
φαρκῖδος (genitive)
ἡ φαρκῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φαρκῖδε (dual nominative)
αἱ φαρκῖδες (nominative plural)
τῆς φαρκῖδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαρκῑ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαρκῑ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ φαρκῖδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαρκῑ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φαρκῖσῐ (dative plural)
φαρκῖσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pharkîsi (dative plural)
taîs pharkîsin (dative plural)
τὴν φαρκῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φαρκῖδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φαρκῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
φαρκῑ́ς (singular vocative)
φαρκῖδε (dual vocative)
φαρκῖδες (plural vocative)

The word has been compared with Latin fricō (“I rub, chafe”), Lithuanian brūkis (“stroke, line”) and braūkti (“to strike, rub”), but this is formally hardly possible. Possibly from Pre-Greek. The connection with φορκόν (phorkón, “grey; wrinkled”) is quite uncertain.


ψάλιον

ψάλῐον • (psálion) n (genitive ψᾰλίου); second declension

ψάλῐον (canonical)
psálion (romanization)
ψᾰλίου (genitive)
τὸ ψάλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ψάλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ψάλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ψάλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ψάλῐον (singular vocative)
ψαλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ψάλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ψάλιο (psálio)

With ψέλιον (psélion, “armlet worn by the Persians”) and ψαλόν (psalón, “kind of bridle”) an Iranian borrowing; synonymous to Classical Persian افسار (afsār, “curb chain, halter, headstall”), and note also افسر (afsar, “diadem”).


ἀριστολόχεια

grc-noun

ἀριστολοχείᾱς

ἀριστολόχεια • (aristolókheia) f (genitive ἀριστολοχείᾱς); first declension

aristolókheia (romanization)
ἀριστολοχείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀριστολόχειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀριστολοχείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀριστολόχειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀριστολοχείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀριστολοχείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀριστολοχειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀριστολοχείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀριστολοχείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀριστολοχείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀριστολόχειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀριστολοχείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀριστολοχείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀριστολόχειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀριστολοχείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀριστολόχειαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀριστολόχειᾰ

Latin: aristolochia

Translingual: Aristolochia

From ἀριστόλοχος (aristólokhos, “well born”) + -εια (-eia).

af

birthwort (any plant of the genus Aristolochia)


καῖρος

grc-noun

καῖρος • (kaîros) m (genitive καίρου); second declension

kaîros (romanization)
καίρου (genitive)
ὁ καῖρος (nominative singular)
τὼ καίρω (dual nominative)
οἱ καῖροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ καίρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καίροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καίρων (genitive plural)
τῷ καίρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καίροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καίροις (dative plural)
τὸν καῖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ καίρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς καίρους (accusative plural)
καῖρε (singular vocative)
καίρω (dual vocative)
καῖροι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, “a technical expression of unclear meaning and therefore etymologically difficult.” According to Petersson, it is related to Old Armenian սարիք (sarikʻ, “sling, rope”) as well as to սարդ (sard, “spider”), while Cimochowski connected it with Albanian thur (“twine, weave”). All these connections derive from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to plait, weave”).

unk

etymologically difficult


Πλαταιῆς

grc-noun form

Πλᾰταιῆς • (Plataiês)

Πλᾰταιῆς (canonical)
Plataiês (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of Πλᾰταιεύς (Plataieús)


ἡσυχίαν

ἡσῠχῐ́ᾱν • (hēsukhíān)

ἡσῠχῐ́ᾱν (canonical)
hēsukhíān (romanization)

accusative singular of ἡσῠχῐ́ᾱ (hēsukhíā)


Πλαταιῶν

Πλᾰταιῶν • (Plataiôn)

Πλᾰταιῶν (canonical)
Plataiôn (romanization)

genitive plural of Πλᾰταιεύς (Plataieús)


ἤπειρον

ἤπειρον • (ḗpeiron)

accusative singular of ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros)


μέσακλον

grc-noun

μέσακλον • (mésaklon) n (genitive μεσάκλου); second declension

mésaklon (romanization)
μεσάκλου (genitive)
τὸ μέσακλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μεσάκλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέσακλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μεσάκλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεσάκλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεσάκλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μεσάκλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεσάκλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μεσάκλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μέσακλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μεσάκλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέσακλᾰ (accusative plural)
μέσακλον (singular vocative)
μεσάκλω (dual vocative)
μέσακλᾰ (plural vocative)

Almost certainly a technical word of Pre-Greek origin, because of the many different variants.


ἀμίλλακα

ἀμίλλακα • (amíllaka) f (genitive ἀμιλλάκᾱς); first declension

amíllaka (romanization)
ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀμίλλακαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμιλλακῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀμιλλάκᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμιλλάκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀμιλλάκᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀμίλλακαι (plural vocative)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: οἶνον (oînon, “wine”).


παῖδας

grc-noun form

παῖδᾰς • (paîdas)

παῖδᾰς (canonical)
paîdas (romanization)


Μεγαρέων

Μεγᾰρέων • (Megaréōn)

Μεγᾰρέων (canonical)
Megaréōn (romanization)


κινάρα

grc-noun

κῐνάρᾱ • (kinárā) f (genitive κῐνάρᾱς); first declension

κῐνάρᾱ (canonical)
kinárā (romanization)
κῐνάρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κῐνάρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐνάρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐνάραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐνάρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐνάραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐναρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐνάρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐνάραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐνάραις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐνάρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐνάρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐνάρᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐνάρᾱ (singular vocative)
κῐνάρᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐνάραι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ἀγκινάρα (ankinára)

desctree

Greek: αγκινάρα (agkinára), αγγινάρα f (anginára)
→ Albanian: angjinare
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكنار (enginar, inginar)
Turkish: enginar
→ Albanian: engjinar
→ Armenian: էնկինար (ēnkinar)
→ Azerbaijani: ənginar
→ Ladino: endjinara
→ Persian: انگنار (angenâr, engenâr)
→ Romanian: anghinare

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܢܪܐ (*kunārā), ܩܝܢܪܣ (*kinārās), ܩܢܪܘܣ (*kinārūs, kunārūs)

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קִינְרָסָא (qinərāsā)

→ Hebrew: קִנְרָס (qinrás)

→ Latin: cinara, cynara

→ Translingual: Cynara

⇒ Latin: cinaria, cynaria

→ Translingual: Cynaria

→ Arabic: قِنَّارِيّة (qinnāriyya), قَنَّارِيّة (qannāriyya) (Al-Andalus, Morocco)

→ Old Spanish: alcanería

→ Catalan: alcanària

The ι-υ variation has been referred to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, although it is only attested in the later Hellenistic period, and it could be borrowed from an Aramaic byform equivalent to the one which Persian کنگر (kangar, “cardoon”) is borrowed from, this meaning attested in Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna), ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa, “cardoon”), identical to Classical Syriac ܩܠܩܐ (qalqā, qelqā, “taro”), and therefore ܩܠܩܐܣ (qōlqās), ܩܠܘܩܣ (qōlqōs), ܩܠܘܩܘܣ (qōlōqōs, “taro”) and κολοκασία (kolokasía, “sacred lotus; taro”), implying a Western Aramaic emphatic state shaped /qɪˈŋarɑː/, since the ܪܒܨܐ (rəḇāṣā) diacritic for /ɛ/ in the best-attested Aramaic lect Syriac regularly corresponds to ḥiriq for /ɪ/ in other lects.

doublet

Cynara scolymus
Cynara scolymus#Translingual


Μοῖσα

grc-noun

Μοῖσᾰ • (Moîsa) f (genitive Μοίσᾱς); first declension

Μοῖσᾰ (canonical)
Moîsa (romanization)
Μοίσᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Μοῖσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ Μοίσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ Μοῖσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς Μοίσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν Μοίσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Μοισῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ Μοίσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Μοίσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Μοίσαις (dative plural)
τὴν Μοῖσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ Μοίσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Μοίσᾱς (accusative plural)
Μοῖσᾰ (singular vocative)
Μοίσᾱ (dual vocative)
Μοῖσαι (plural vocative)


σταδίους

grc-noun form

στᾰδῐ́ους • (stadíous)

στᾰδῐ́ους (canonical)
stadíous (romanization)


βρύσσος

grc-noun

βρῠ́σσος • (brússos) m (genitive βρῠ́σσου); second declension

βρῠ́σσος (canonical)
brússos (romanization)
βρῠ́σσου (genitive)
ὁ βρῠ́σσος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῠ́σσω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρῠ́σσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρῠ́σσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῠ́σσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῠ́σσων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρῠ́σσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῠ́σσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρῠ́σσοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρῠ́σσον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῠ́σσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρῠ́σσους (accusative plural)
βρῠ́σσε (singular vocative)
βρῠ́σσω (dual vocative)
βρῠ́σσοι (plural vocative)

The variants, together with the prenasalization, prove that this is a Pre-Greek word.


στρατιῶται

grc-noun form

στρᾰτῐῶται • (stratiôtai)

στρᾰτῐῶται (canonical)
stratiôtai (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of στρᾰτῐώτης (stratiṓtēs)