λόγος

grc-noun

λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension

lógos (romanization)
λόγου (genitive)
ὁ λόγος (nominative singular)
τὼ λόγω (dual nominative)
οἱ λόγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λόγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λόγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λόγων (genitive plural)
τῷ λόγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λόγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λόγοις (dative plural)
τὸν λόγον (accusative singular)
τὼ λόγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λόγους (accusative plural)
λόγε (singular vocative)
λόγω (dual vocative)
λόγοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λόγος (lógos)

Mariupol Greek: ло́го (lóho) (as if from a neuter noun)

→ English: logos

→ German: Logos

→ Norwegian Bokmål: logos, -log, -olog

→ Portuguese: logos

→ Russian: логос (logos)

From Proto-Hellenic *lógos, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect (words)”). See also λέγω (légō, “to reckon, say”).

inh

That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance, argument

That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning.

(1) Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος. … (14) Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας.

Gospel of John, 1:1 (Greek New Testament, KJV translation)

(1) In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. … (14) And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

(Philosophy) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament, by whom the world was created; God the Son.


ἀρχή

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρχή • (arkhḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρχῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓ρχή (canonical)
arkhḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρχῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρχή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρχαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρχῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρχῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρχαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρχήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρχή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρχαί (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (dual nominative)
ταὶ ᾰ̓ρχαί (nominative plural)
τᾶς ᾰ̓ρχᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχαῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ᾰ̓ρχᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ ᾰ̓ρχᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρχαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρχᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρχαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲭⲏ (arkhē)

Greek: αρχή (archí)

From ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin, to be first in order”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).

affix

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν.

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 1.1

In the beginning, God made the sky and the earth.

En arkhêi epoíēsen ho theòs tòn ouranòn kaì tḕn gên.

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

In the beginning, there was the word, and the word was with God, and God was the word.

En arkhêi ên ho lógos, kaì ho lógos ên pròs tòn theón, kaì theòs ên ho lógos.

[Πέτρος] θεωρεῖ […] ὀθόνην μεγάλην, τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς δεδεμένον, καὶ καθιέμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
[Pétros] theōreî […] othónēn megálēn, téssarsin arkhaîs dedeménon, kaì kathiémenon epì tês gês

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 10:11

[Peter] beholds […] a great sheet, tied by four corners, and being let down on the earth.

the end of a rope or stick, the corner of a sheet


κυβέρνησις

grc-noun

κῠβέρνησῐς • (kubérnēsis) f (genitive κῠβερνήσεως); third declension

κῠβέρνησῐς (canonical)
kubérnēsis (romanization)
κῠβερνήσεως (genitive)
ἡ κῠβέρνησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠβερνήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠβερνήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠβερνήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠβερνήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠβερνήσεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠβερνήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kubernḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs kubernḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν κῠβέρνησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠβερνήσεις (accusative plural)
κῠβέρνησῐ (singular vocative)
κῠβερνήσει (dual vocative)
κῠβερνήσεις (plural vocative)


ἀποκάλυψις

ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς

ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως

ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς • (apokálupsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως); third declension

ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς (canonical)
apokálupsis (romanization)
ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψει (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs apokalúpsesi (dative plural)
taîs apokalúpsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεις (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς

Greek: αποκάλυψη (apokálypsi)

→ Latin: apocalypsis (see there for further descendants)

English: apocalypse

Irish: apacailipsis

Old Irish: abcolips

desc

апока́липсис

Russian: апока́липсис (apokálipsis)

From ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō, “to disclose, reveal”) + -σις (-sis).


Ἰουδαῖος

grc-noun

Ῐ̓ουδαῖος • (Ioudaîos) m (genitive Ῐ̓ουδαίου); second declension

Ῐ̓ουδαῖος (canonical)
Ioudaîos (romanization)
Ῐ̓ουδαίου (genitive)
ὁ Ἰουδαῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἰουδαίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἰουδαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἰουδαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἰουδαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἰουδαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἰουδαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ἰουδαῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἰουδαίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἰουδαίους (accusative plural)
Ἰουδαῖε (singular vocative)
Ἰουδαίω (dual vocative)
Ἰουδαῖοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ (ioudai)

→ Gothic: 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 (iudaius)

Greek: Ιουδαίος (Ioudaíos)

→ Latin: Iūdaeus, iūdaeus (see there for further descendants)

From Ἰουδά (Ioudá) + -ιος (-ios), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yəhūḏā(h), “Judah”).

der

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 10.265


ἀσθένεια

grc-noun

ἀσθένεια • (asthéneia) f (genitive ἀσθενείᾱς); first declension

asthéneia (romanization)
ἀσθενείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀσθένειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσθενείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀσθένειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀσθενείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσθενείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσθενειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσθενείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀσθενείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀσθένειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσθενείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀσθενείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀσθένειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀσθενείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀσθένειαι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: astènia

→ English: asthenia

desctree

→ French: asthénie
→ Russian: астени́я (asteníja)
→ Ukrainian: астені́я (asteníja)

→ German: Asthenie

desc

> Greek: ασθένεια (asthéneia) (inherited)

From ἀσθενής (asthenḗs, “sick, weak”) + -εια (-eia).


ἀρχιερεύς

grc-noun

ἀρχιερεύς • (arkhiereús) m (genitive ἀρχιερέως); third declension

arkhiereús (romanization)
ἀρχιερέως (genitive)
ὁ ἀρχιερεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρχιερῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀρχιερῆς (nominative plural)
ἀρχιερεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρχιερέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρχιερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρχιερέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρχιερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσῐ (dative plural)
ἀρχιερεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs arkhiereûsi (dative plural)
toîs arkhiereûsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἀρχιερέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρχιερῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀρχιερέᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀρχιερεῦ (singular vocative)
ἀρχιερῆ (dual vocative)
ἀρχιερῆς (plural vocative)
ἀρχιερεῖς (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ (arkhiereus)

desc

→ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰 (ufargudja) (calque) (uncertain)

→ Russian: архиерей (arxijerej)

→ Ingrian: arhirei

→ Yup'ik: allgiliyaq

From ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἱερεύς (hiereús, “priest”).


ἀπόστολος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓πόστολος • (apóstolos) m (genitive ᾰ̓ποστόλου); second declension

ᾰ̓πόστολος (canonical)
apóstolos (romanization)
ᾰ̓ποστόλου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓πόστολος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποστόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓πόστολοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ποστόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποστόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ποστόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ποστόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποστόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ποστόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓πόστολον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποστόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ποστόλους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓πόστολε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ποστόλω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓πόστολοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ (apostolos)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌿𐍃 (apaustaulus)

→ Hawaiian: ʻapokekolo

Greek: απόστολος (apóstolos)

desctree

→ Latin: apostolus
Asturian: apóstol
Breton: abostol
Catalan: apòstol
Cornish: abostol
English: apostle
Friulian: apuestul
Galician: apóstolo
Italian: apostolo
→ Middle Dutch: apostel
Dutch: apostel
→ Old English: apostol, postol (apheresis)
Middle English: apostol, apostel
Old French: apostle
French: apôtre
Haitian Creole: apòt
Norman: apôtre
→ Old Frisian: apostol
West Frisian: apostel
→ Old Norse: postuli, postoli
Icelandic: postuli
→ Old High German: apostolo
German: Apostel
Old Irish: apstal
Irish: aspal
Manx: ostyl
Scottish Gaelic: abstol, ostal
→ Old Polish: apostoł
→ Polish: apostoł
Portuguese: apóstolo
Sicilian: apòstulu
Spanish: apóstol
Welsh: abostol, abostl

→ Lingala: apɔ́stɔlɔ

→ Old Church Slavonic: апостолъ (apostolŭ)
→ Romanian: apostol
→ Russian: апо́стол (apóstol)
→ Serbo-Croatian: àpostol, а̀постол
→ Ukrainian: апо́стол (apóstol)

→ Aghwan: 𐕆𐔴𐔱𐔼𐔺𐔰𐔺𐕒 (hebiyayo) (calque)

desc

→ Old Armenian: առաքեալ (aṙakʻeal) (calque)

From ἀποστέλλω (apostéllō, “I send off”), from ἀπό- (apó-, “from”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I sent”).


γνῶσις

grc-noun

γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension

γνῶσῐς (canonical)
gnôsis (romanization)
γνώσεως (genitive)
ἡ γνῶσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ γνώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ γνώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς γνώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν γνωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γνώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ γνώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν γνωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γνώσεσῐ (dative plural)
γνώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs gnṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs gnṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν γνῶσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ γνώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γνώσεις (accusative plural)
γνῶσῐ (singular vocative)
γνώσει (dual vocative)
γνώσεις (plural vocative)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: γνώση (gnósi), γνώς' (gnós') (inherited)
→ Laz: ნოსი (nosi), ღნოსი (ğnosi)

→ Coptic: ⲅⲛⲱⲥⲓⲥ (gnōsis)

→ English: gnosis

→ Irish: gnóis

→ Norwegian: gnosis

→ Greek: γνώση (gnósi)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃tis. By surface analysis, γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -σις (-sis).


ἀστήρ

grc-noun

ᾰ̓στήρ • (astḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓στέρος); third declension

ᾰ̓στήρ (canonical)
astḗr (romanization)
ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓στήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓στέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓στέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓στέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓στέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓στέρᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓στήρ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ, ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ

⇒ Greek: αστέρας (astéras)

desctree

→ Latin: astēr
→ English: aster
→ Cebuano: aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ German: Aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ Ukrainian: а́йстра (ájstra)
→ Middle French: aster
French: aster
→ Romanian: aster
Translingual: Aster, Thalassianthus aster

From Proto-Hellenic *astḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.
Cognates include Latin stēlla, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), English star, Dutch ster, German Stern, Danish stjerne, Swedish stjärna, Icelandic stjarna, Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre) and Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

a celestial body (star, planet, and other lights in the sky such as meteors).


Φαρισαῖος

grc-noun

Φαρισαῖος • (Pharisaîos) m (genitive Φαρισαίου); second declension

Pharisaîos (romanization)
Φαρισαίου (genitive)
ὁ Φαρισαῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Φαρισαίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Φαρισαῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Φαρισαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Φαρισαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Φαρισαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Φαρισαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Φαρισαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Φαρισαίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Φαρισαῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Φαρισαίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Φαρισαίους (accusative plural)
Φαρισαῖε (singular vocative)
Φαρισαίω (dual vocative)
Φαρισαῖοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Φαρισαίος (Farisaíos)

→ Coptic: ⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲉⲟⲥ (phariseos)

→ Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 (fareisaius)

→ Latin: Pharī̆saeus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: փարիսեցի (pʻarisecʻi)

Armenian: փարիսեցի (pʻarisecʻi)

From Aramaic פְּרִישַׁיָּא (pərîšayyâ’), emphatic plural of פְּרִישׁ (pərîš, “separatist”, literally “separated”), related to Hebrew פרוש (parush), qal passive participle of the verb פָּרַשׁ (pāraš), meaning one who is separated for a life of purity.

bor

פְּרִישַׁיָּא

Aramaic פְּרִישַׁיָּא (pərîšayyâ’)

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 15.3

(Koine) Pharisee, a member of an ancient religious sect of Judaism.


μόρφωσις

grc-noun

μόρφωσις • (mórphōsis) f (genitive μορφώσεως); third declension

mórphōsis (romanization)
μορφώσεως (genitive)
ἡ μόρφωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μορφώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ μορφώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς μορφώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μορφωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μορφώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ μορφώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν μορφωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μορφώσεσῐ (dative plural)
μορφώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs morphṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs morphṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν μόρφωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ μορφώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μορφώσεις (accusative plural)
μόρφωσῐ (singular vocative)
μορφώσει (dual vocative)
μορφώσεις (plural vocative)

English: morphosis

Greek: μόρφωση (mórfosi)

From μορφόω (morphóō, “to form”) + -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix).


προφητεία

grc-noun

προφητείᾱ • (prophēteíā) f (genitive προφητείᾱς); first declension

προφητείᾱ (canonical)
prophēteíā (romanization)
προφητείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ προφητείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ προφητείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ προφητεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς προφητείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προφητείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προφητειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προφητείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προφητείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς προφητείαις (dative plural)
τὴν προφητείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ προφητείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προφητείᾱς (accusative plural)
προφητείᾱ (singular vocative)
προφητείᾱ (dual vocative)
προφητεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰 (praufētja)

Greek: προφητεία (profiteía)

→ Latin: prophētīa (see there for further descendants)

From προφήτης (prophḗtēs, “speaker of a god”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).

affix

the interpretation of the will of the gods: prophecy

(New Testament) preaching and teaching under the influence of the Holy Spirit


μαμμωνᾶς

grc-noun

μαμμωνᾶς • (mammōnâs) m (genitive μαμμωνᾶ); first declension

mammōnâs (romanization)
μαμμωνᾶ (genitive)
ὁ μαμμωνᾶς (nominative singular)
τὼ μαμμωνᾶ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαμμωναῖ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαμμωνᾶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαμμωναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαμμωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαμμωνᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαμμωναῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαμμωναῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μαμμωνᾶν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαμμωνᾶ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαμμωνᾶς (accusative plural)
μαμμωνᾶ (singular vocative)
μαμμωνᾶ (dual vocative)
μαμμωναῖ (plural vocative)


σκληρότης

σκληρότης • (sklērótēs) f (genitive σκληρότητος); third declension

sklērótēs (romanization)
σκληρότητος (genitive)
ἡ σκληρότης (nominative singular)
τὼ σκληρότητε (dual nominative)
αἱ σκληρότητες (nominative plural)
τῆς σκληρότητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκληροτήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκληροτήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ σκληρότητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκληροτήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκληρότησῐ (dative plural)
σκληρότησῐν (dative plural)
taîs sklērótēsi (dative plural)
taîs sklērótēsin (dative plural)
τὴν σκληρότητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκληρότητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκληρότητᾰς (accusative plural)
σκληρότης (singular vocative)
σκληρότητε (dual vocative)
σκληρότητες (plural vocative)

From σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”) + -της (-tēs).


διδάσκαλος

δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος • (didáskalos) m or f (genitive δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου); second declension

δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (canonical)
didáskalos (romanization)
δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλε (singular vocative)
δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: δάσκαλος (dáskalos)

→ Albanian: dhaskal

From διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀅𐀏𐀩 (di-da-ka-re).


ἐκκλησία

ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ • (ekklēsíā) f (genitive ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
ekklēsíā (romanization)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐκκλησῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκκλησῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκκλησῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκκλησῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐκκλησῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐκκλησῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: εκκλησία (ekklisía)

→ Arabic: القُلَّيْس (al-qullays)

→ Ateso: ekeresia

→ Azerbaijani: kilsə

→ Coptic: ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (ekklēsia)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 (aikklēsjō)

→ Hawaiian: ʻekalekia

→ Hindi: कलीसिया (kalīsiyā)

→ Ladino: kilisia

→ Latin: ecclēsia (see there for further descendants)

→ Luganda: ekelezia

→ Niuean: ekalesia

→ Old Armenian: եկեղեցի (ekełecʻi) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ეკლესიაჲ (eḳlesiay), ეკკლესიაჲ (eḳḳlesiay)

Georgian: ეკლესია (eḳlesia)

→ Persian: کِلیسا (kelisâ)

→ Samoan: ekalesia

→ Turkish: kilise

→ Urdu: کلیسیا (kalīsiyā)

→ Western Neo-Aramaic: ܟܠܹܣܝܐ (klēsya)

→ Zazaki: kilıse

From ἔκκλητος (ékklētos, “summoned”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix), from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaléō, “to call forth, summon”), from ἐκ (ek) + καλέω (kaléō). The τ (t) changes to σ (s) by palatalization and assibilation, triggered by the following ι (i).


συνέδριον

grc-noun

σῠνέδρῐον • (sunédrion) n (genitive σῠνεδρῐ́ου); second declension

σῠνέδρῐον (canonical)
sunédrion (romanization)
σῠνεδρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῠνέδρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνεδρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠνέδρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠνεδρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνεδρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνεδρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠνεδρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνεδρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠνεδρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῠνέδρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνεδρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠνέδρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠνέδρῐον (singular vocative)
σῠνεδρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῠνέδρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: συνέδριο (synédrio)

→ English: synedrion

desctree

סַנְהֶדְרִין

→ Hebrew: סַנְהֶדְרִין (sanhedrín)
→ English: Sanhedrin
→ French: sanhédrin
→ Spanish: sanedrín

From σῠ́νεδρος (súnedros, “sitting together”) + -ιον (-ion), from σῠν- (sun-, “with”) + ἕδρᾱ (hédrā, “seat”).


ἀλήθεια

grc-noun

ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension

alḗtheia (romanization)
ἀληθείας (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓λήθειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ληθείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓λήθειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ληθείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ληθείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ληθειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ληθείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ληθείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ληθείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓λήθειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ληθείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ληθείᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λήθειᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ληθείᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λήθειαι (plural vocative)

desc

English: alethic, alethiology, philalethia

Greek: αλήθεια (alítheia)

From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”) + -ιᾰ (-ia, abstract noun suffix).


γραμματεύς

grc-noun

γραμματεύς • (grammateús) m (genitive γραμματέως); third declension

grammateús (romanization)
γραμματέως (genitive)
ὁ γραμμᾰτεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ γραμμᾰτῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ γραμμᾰτῆς (nominative plural)
γραμμᾰτεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ γραμμᾰτέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν γραμμᾰτέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γραμμᾰτέων (genitive plural)
τῷ γραμμᾰτεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν γραμμᾰτέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γραμμᾰτεῦσῐ (dative plural)
γραμμᾰτεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs grammateûsi (dative plural)
toîs grammateûsin (dative plural)
τὸν γραμμᾰτέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ γραμμᾰτῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γραμμᾰτέᾱς (accusative plural)
γραμμᾰτεῦ (singular vocative)
γραμμᾰτῆ (dual vocative)
γραμμᾰτῆς (plural vocative)
γραμμᾰτεῖς (plural vocative)

From γράμμα (grámma, “writing”) + -εύς (-eús, masculine suffix of person concerned).

suffix

secretary, registrar; clerk (title of officials in Greek poleis)


ὀφθαλμός

grc-noun

ὀφθᾰλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθᾰλμοῦ); second declension

ὀφθᾰλμός (canonical)
ophthalmós (romanization)
ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὀφθᾰλμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀφθᾰλμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀφθᾰλμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀφθᾰλμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀφθᾰλμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὀφθᾰλμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀφθᾰλμούς (accusative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμέ (singular vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (plural vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμός (nominative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual nominative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (nominative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖο (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμόο (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν (dual genitive)
ὀφθᾰλμῶν (genitive plural)
ὀφθᾰλμῷ (dative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν (dative dual)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐ (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐν (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖς (dative plural)
ophthalmoîsi (dative plural)
ophthalmoîsin (dative plural)
ophthalmoîs (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμόν (accusative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (accusative dual)
ὀφθᾰλμούς (accusative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμέ (singular vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: οφθαλμός (ofthalmós)

→ English: ophthalmo-

→ French: ophtalmo-

→ German: ophthalmo-

Traditionally derived from ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber”), but note the usual ancient Greek word for eye is the similar ὤψ (ṓps), with a long /o/. Based on irregular κτ : πτ : φθ variation seen in variants like ὄκταλλος (óktallos) and ὀπτίλλος (optíllos), as well as the suffix -αλλ- (-all-) seen in ὄκταλλος (óktallos) being difficult to explain in Indo-European terms, Beekes takes the word to be of Pre-Greek origin, with proto-form *okʷt-alʸ-m-. The hypothetical Pre-Greek form's similarity to the Proto-Indo-European equivalent *h₃ókʷs (“eye”) is coincidental, according to Beekes; he additionally notes the contrast with the Homeric gloss ὄκκον (ókkon) given to ὀφθαλμόν (ophthalmón), which may be from the Indo-European root.

compound

(in the singular) eye of a master or ruler

that which is dearest or best; light, cheer, comfort

(botany) eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)

eye
eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)

(surgery) surgical bandage covering one or both eyes

(architecture, in the dual) disks forming the centers of the volutes of an Ionic capital


εἴδωλον

grc-noun

εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension

eídōlon (romanization)
εἰδώλου (genitive)
τὸ εἴδωλον (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰδώλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ εἴδωλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ εἰδώλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰδώλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰδώλων (genitive plural)
τῷ εἰδώλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰδώλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εἰδώλοις (dative plural)
τὸ εἴδωλον (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰδώλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ εἴδωλᾰ (accusative plural)
εἴδωλον (singular vocative)
εἰδώλω (dual vocative)
εἴδωλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: είδωλο (eídolo)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ (eidōlon)

→ English: eidolon

→ Latin: īdōlum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Church Slavonic: идолъ (idolŭ)

→ Aromanian: idul

→ Macedonian: идол (idol)

→ Romanian: idol

→ Russian: и́дол (ídol)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝдо̄л

Latin script: ìdōl

ἔνθ᾽ αὖτ᾽ ἄλλ᾽ ἐνόησε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη:
εἴδωλον ποίησε, δέμας δ᾽ ἤικτο γυναικί,
Ἰφθίμῃ, κούρῃ μεγαλήτορος Ἰκαρίοιο,
τὴν Εὔμηλος ὄπυιε Φερῇς ἔνι οἰκία ναίων.
πέμπε δέ μιν πρὸς δώματ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,
ἧος Πηνελόπειαν ὀδυρομένην γοόωσαν
παύσειε κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος.

circa 800 BC, Homer, The Odyssey, IV, 796

Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athene, had an idea. She created a phantom, in the likeness of Penelope’s sister, Iphthime, that other daughter of great-hearted Icarius. Eumelus had married her, and she was living at Pherae. Athene sent the phantom to noble Odysseus’ palace, to the weeping, grieving Penelope, to tell her to stop her crying, her tear-filled lament.


ἅγιος

ἅγιος • (hágios) m (genitive ἁγίου); second declension

hágios (romanization)
ἁγίου (genitive)
ὁ ἅγιος (nominative singular)
οἱ ἅγιοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἁγίου (genitive singular)
τῶν ἁγίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἁγίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς ἁγίοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἅγιον (accusative singular)
τοὺς ἁγίους (accusative plural)
ἅγιε (singular vocative)
ἅγιοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *hágijos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yáǵ-yo-s, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”).

Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:1

Translation by King James Version
Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?

Tolmâi tis humôn, prâgma ékhōn pròs tòn héteron, krínesthai epì tôn adíkōn kaì oukhì epì tôn hagíōn;


γαστήρ

γᾰστήρ • (gastḗr) f (genitive γᾰστέρος or γᾰστρός); third declension

γᾰστήρ (canonical)
gastḗr (romanization)
γᾰστέρος (genitive)
γᾰστρός (genitive)
ἡ γᾰστήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰστέρες (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰστέρος (genitive singular)
γᾰστρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰστέρων (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰστέρῐ (dative singular)
γᾰστρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰστῆρσῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστῆρσῐν (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsi (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsin (dative plural)
gastrási (dative plural)
gastrásin (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰστέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰστέρᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰστήρ (singular vocative)
γᾰστέρε (dual vocative)
γᾰστέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰστέρος, γᾰστρός

γᾰστέρῐ, γᾰστρῐ́

γᾰστῆρσῐ(ν), γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ(ν)

⇒ Catalan: gastro-

→ English: gaster, ⇒ gastro-

⇒ French: gastro-

⇒ German: gastro-

⇒ Italian: gastro-

→ Latin: gaster

⇒ Portuguese: gastro-

⇒ Spanish: gastro-

Traditionally derived from a dissimilation of an unattested earlier *γρᾰστήρ (*grastḗr, “devourer”), from γρᾰ́ω (gráō, “to gnaw, eat”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix). If so, Sanskrit ग्रस्तर् (grastar, “(astronomy) eclipser (originally "devourer")”) would be an exact cognate; for a semantic parallel to the Sanskrit term, compare Chinese 蝕／蚀 (shí, “to corrode, eclipse”), which is derived from 食 (shí, “to eat”).
However, Beekes is skeptical of the semantics (it is somewhat of a stretch to consider the belly as an "eater"), and tentatively prefers a derivation from *gnt-tēr, with *-tt- > -st-, comparing γέντα (génta, “intestines”) (which itself is of unclear origin).

ncog

[…]· κέλεται δέ ἑ γαστὴρ μήλων πειρήσοντα καὶ ἐς πυκινὸν δόμον ἐλθεῖν· […]
[…]; kéletai dé he gastḕr mḗlōn peirḗsonta kaì es pukinòn dómon eltheîn;[…]

[…]· ποιμένες ἄγραυλοι, κάκ᾽ ἐλέγχεα, γαστέρες οἶον, ἴδμεν ψεύδεα πολλὰ λέγειν ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα, […]

paunch, belly, hollow, wide part
belly (for craving food); gluttony

ὀπτῶν γαστέρα τοῖς συγγένεσιν κᾆτ᾿ οὐκ ἔσχων ἀμελήσας, […]

paunch, belly, hollow, wide part
sausage, haggis

[…]· οὐδ᾽ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ χάλκεος, ὃν φορέεσκε, μέσῃ δ᾽ ἐν γαστέρι πῆξε.

τῶν μή τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον χεῖράς θ’ ἡμετέρας, μηδ’ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ’ ὃς φύγοι, […]
tôn mḗ tis hupekphúgoi aipùn ólethron kheîrás th’ hēmetéras, mēd’ hón tina gastéri mḗtēr koûron eónta phéroi, mēd’ hòs phúgoi,[…]

Τοὶ κακοὶ οὐ πάντες κακοὶ ἐκ γαστρὸς γεγόνασιν, […]
Toì kakoì ou pántes kakoì ek gastròs gegónasin,[…]

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 305


μάχαιρα

grc-noun

μάχαιρα • (mákhaira) f (genitive μᾰχαίρας); first declension

mákhaira (romanization)
μᾰχαίρας (genitive)
ἡ μάχαιρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μάχαιραι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαχαίρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαχαίραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαχαιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαχαίρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαχαίραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαχαίραις (dative plural)
τὴν μάχαιρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαχαίρᾱς (accusative plural)
μάχαιρᾰ (singular vocative)
μαχαίρᾱ (dual vocative)
μάχαιραι (plural vocative)

⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion) (diminutive)

desc

Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)

→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)

→ Latin: machaera

Translingual: †Machairodus

Controversial:
* Traditionally linked to μάχομαι (mákhomai, “to fight”); compare μάχη (mákhē, “a battle, a strife”). Though formally without issues, Chantraine finds this implausible.
* Others consider the word to be from a foreign or substrate source, though exact comparanda are disputed. Lewy considers the word as a Semitic borrowing; compare Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”). However, Gordon considers the Hebrew to be borrowed from Greek, rather than the other way around.
* Beekes prefers to link the word to μάγειρος (mágeiros, “cook”), taking the γ/χ interchange as evidence of Pre-Greek origin.


στόμα

grc-noun

στόμᾰ • (stóma) n (genitive στόμᾰτος); third declension

στόμᾰ (canonical)
stóma (romanization)
στόμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ στόμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ στόμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στόμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στόμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στομᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στομᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ στόμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στομᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στόμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
στόμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stómasi (dative plural)
toîs stómasin (dative plural)
τὸ στόμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στόμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στόμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
στόμᾰ (singular vocative)
στόμᾰτε (dual vocative)
στόμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
στόμᾰ (nominative singular)
στόμᾰτε (dual nominative)
στόμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
στόμᾰτος (genitive singular)
στομᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
στομᾰ́των (genitive plural)
στόμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
στομᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
στόμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
στόμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
στομᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
στομᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
στομᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
στομᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
stómasi (dative plural)
stómasin (dative plural)
stomátessi (dative plural)
stomátessin (dative plural)
stomátesi (dative plural)
stomátesin (dative plural)
στόμᾰ (accusative singular)
στόμᾰτε (accusative dual)
στόμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
στόμᾰ (singular vocative)
στόμᾰτε (dual vocative)
στόμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek:

Modern Greek: στόμα (stóma)

Tsakonian: τθούμα (tthoúma)

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₃-mn̥ (“mouth, muzzle”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬥 (staman, “mouth (of a dog)”), Welsh safn (“mouth, jaws”), Hittite [script needed] (ištāman-, “ear”), as well as, despite Beekes's objections, Proto-Germanic *stebnō (“voice, sound”).

cog

mouth (especially as the organ of speech)


πορνεία

grc-noun

πορνείᾱ • (porneíā) f (genitive πορνείᾱς); first declension

πορνείᾱ (canonical)
porneíā (romanization)
πορνείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πορνείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πορνείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πορνεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πορνείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορνείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορνειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πορνείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορνείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πορνείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πορνείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πορνείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πορνείᾱς (accusative plural)
πορνείᾱ (singular vocative)
πορνείᾱ (dual vocative)
πορνεῖαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πορνεία (porneía)

From πορνεύω (porneúō, “to prostitute, to whore”) + -ίᾱ (-íā, “-ia: forming abstract nouns”), from πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute, whore”) + -εύω (-eúō, forming verbs), from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to sell, to provide for a fee”).

af

whoring, prostitution, provision of sex for money

whoring, fornication, behavior similar to a whore


καιρός

grc-noun

καιρός • (kairós) m (genitive καιροῦ); second declension

kairós (romanization)
καιροῦ (genitive)
ὁ καιρός (nominative singular)
τὼ καιρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ καιροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ καιροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν καιροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν καιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ καιρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν καιροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς καιροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν καιρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ καιρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς καιρούς (accusative plural)
καιρέ (singular vocative)
καιρώ (dual vocative)
καιροί (plural vocative)

Greek: καιρός (kairós)

→? Albanian: qëro

→ English: kairos

→ French: kairos

Of unclear origin. Possibly related to κείρω (keírō, “to shear, cut short”) (as a "decisive moment"), κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”) (as an "atmospherical mix"), or κύρω (kúrō, “to meet (accidentally)”); Beekes seems to favor the connection to κείρω (keírō) the most. Might also be related to, or the source of, Albanian qëro (“time”) (an archaic term).

(of time): period (of time); season; time

(often in a positive sense) proper time, opportunity; prime, the right moment, the fatal spot


ἀγρός

ᾰ̓γρός • (agrós) m (genitive ᾰ̓γροῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓γρός (canonical)
agrós (romanization)
ᾰ̓γροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓γρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓γροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓γρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓γρούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γρέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γρώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γροί (plural vocative)

Greek: αγρός m (agrós, “field”)

From Proto-Hellenic *agrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀫 (a-ko-ro), Latin ager, Sanskrit अज्र (ájra) and Old English æcer (English acre).


φωνή

φωνή • (phōnḗ) f (genitive φωνῆς); first declension

phōnḗ (romanization)
φωνῆς (genitive)
ἡ φωνή (nominative singular)
τὼ φωνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φωναί (nominative plural)
τῆς φωνῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φωναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φωνῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν φωναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φωναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φωνήν (accusative singular)
τὼ φωνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φωνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φωνή (singular vocative)
φωνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φωναί (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fon

Greek: φωνή (foní)

→ English: -phone

Italiot Greek: fonì

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰōnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoh₂-néh₂, from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”) (whence φημί (phēmí, “to say, speak”)).

usually of the human voice: voice, cry, yell

any articulate sound (especially vowels)


περιτομή

περῐτομή • (peritomḗ) f (genitive περῐτομῆς); first declension

περῐτομή (canonical)
peritomḗ (romanization)
περῐτομῆς (genitive)
ἡ περῐτομή (nominative singular)
τὼ περῐτομᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ περῐτομαί (nominative plural)
τῆς περῐτομῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν περῐτομαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περῐτομῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περῐτομῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν περῐτομαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς περῐτομαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν περῐτομήν (accusative singular)
τὼ περῐτομᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περῐτομᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
περῐτομή (singular vocative)
περῐτομᾱ́ (dual vocative)
περῐτομαί (plural vocative)

Greek: περιτομή (peritomí)

From περιτέμνω (peritémnō, “to circumcise”) + -η (-ē).


ἐλεημοσύνη

grc-noun

ἐλεημοσῠ́νης

ἐλεημοσῠ́νη • (eleēmosúnē) f (genitive ἐλεημοσῠ́νης); first declension

ἐλεημοσῠ́νη (canonical)
eleēmosúnē (romanization)
ἐλεημοσῠ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ἐλεημοσῠ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλεημοσῠ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλεημοσῠ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλεημοσῠ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλεημοσῠ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλεημοσῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλεημοσῠ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλεημοσῠ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλεημοσῠ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλεημοσῠ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλεημοσῠ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλεημοσῠ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐλεημοσῠ́νη (singular vocative)
ἐλεημοσῠ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐλεημοσῠ́ναι (plural vocative)

Greek: ελεημοσύνη (eleïmosýni)

→ Latin: eleēmosyna (see there for further descendants)

From ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn, “pitiful, merciful”) + -σῠ́νη (-súnē).


οὐρανός

grc-noun

οὐρᾰνός • (ouranós) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοῦ); second declension

οὐρᾰνός (canonical)
ouranós (romanization)
οὐρᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ οὐρᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ οὐρᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐρᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐρᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐρᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν οὐρᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὐρᾰνούς (accusative plural)
οὐρᾰνέ (singular vocative)
οὐρᾰνώ (dual vocative)
οὐρᾰνοί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Classical authors did not use the plural forms, which are not seen until later Greek, especially in Christian writings such as the New Testament.

Greek: ουρανός (ouranós)

desc

Mariupol Greek: урано́с (uranós), урано́ (uranó)

Of disputed origin, with multiple theories proposed:
* Perhaps from an older *(ϝ)ορσανός (*(w)orsanós), which may be related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-, from *h₁wers- (“rain”) (compare Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”). Beekes appears to favor this derivation.
* From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”), and compared to Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”). This is not favored by Beekes.
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”), and compared with Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”) and अर्णव (arṇava, “ocean”). This is categorically rejected by Beekes.
* Based on the infix -αν- (-an-), which is difficult to explain as an old Indo-European formation, perhaps Pre-Greek; however, as the sky was very important to Indo-European groups, it is unlikely that a non-Indo-European formation for "sky" would become the dominant word in an Indo-European language.
A folk etymology advanced by Aristotle interpreted it as ὅρος (hóros, “limit”) and ἄνω (ánō, “up”).

cog

the vaulted sky, on which the stars were attached and the sun traveled: sky, heaven

the region above this vault, the home of the gods

anything shaped like the sky: vaulted ceiling, tent


ὑποκριτής

grc-noun

ῠ̔ποκρῐτής • (hupokritḗs) m (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ); first declension

ῠ̔ποκρῐτής (canonical)
hupokritḗs (romanization)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔ποκρῐτής (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔ποκρῐταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποκρῐτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔ποκρῐτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔ποκρῐτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποκρῐταί (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: υποκριτής (ypokritís)
→ Aromanian: ipucrit.

Latin: hypocrita
→ Catalan: hipòcrita
→ French: hypocrite
→ Romanian: ipocrit.
→ Italian: ipocrita
→ Portuguese: hipócrita
→ Spanish: hipócrita

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: ѵпокри́тъ (üpokrítŭ)

→ Russian: ипокри́т (ipokrít)

From ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “to play a part on stage”) + -τής (-tḗs).

suffix

(figurative) pretender, dissembler, hypocrite

stage actor
pretender, dissembler, hypocrite


σῶμα

grc-noun

σῶμα • (sôma) n (genitive σώματος); third declension

sôma (romanization)
σώματος (genitive)
τὸ σῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs sṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
σώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σώμα (sóma)

English: soma, somato-, -some, somatic

Coptic: ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (sōma)

Of disputed origin:
* Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *twṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *twoH-mn̥ (“compactness, swelling”), derived from *tewh₂- (“to swell”) + *-mn̥ (“nominal suffix”), and compared with σωρός (sōrós, “heap”). However, as Beekes notes in his entry on σῶς (sôs, “safe, healthy”), such an o-grade formation is rather strange.
* Alternatively, from Proto-Hellenic *styṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tyoH-mn̥ (“what has stiffened”), derived from *styeH- (“to stiffen”) + *-mn̥, and compared with Sanskrit स्त्या (styā, “to flow, get stiff”).

cog

(Homeric and often in other early works) dead body

body (both that of people and animals)
dead body

That which is material (as opposed to spiritual)


ὕπνος

grc-noun

ῠ̔́πνος • (húpnos) m (genitive ῠ̔́πνου); second declension

ῠ̔́πνος (canonical)
húpnos (romanization)
ῠ̔́πνου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́πνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́πνω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́πνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́πνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́πνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́πνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́πνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́πνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́πνοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́πνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́πνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́πνους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́πνε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́πνω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́πνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ύπνος (ýpnos)

Mariupol Greek: и́пну (ípnu)

From Proto-Hellenic *húpnos, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós (“sleep”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्वप्न (svápna).


χάρισμα

χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ • (khárisma) n (genitive χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension

χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (canonical)
khárisma (romanization)
χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρῐσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρῐσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρῐσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰρῐ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰρῐ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kharísmasi (dative plural)
toîs kharísmasin (dative plural)
τὸ χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (singular vocative)
χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

> Greek: χάρισμα (chárisma) (inherited)

→ Coptic: ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥⲙⲁ (kharisma)

→ Italian: carisma

→ Latin: charisma

→ Dutch: charisma n

→ English: charisma

→ German: Charisma n

→ Russian: хари́зма f (xarízma)

From the ancient χαρίζομαι (kharízomai, “show favor”) (from χάρις (kháris, “grace”) from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”)) + -μα (-ma).

A favourable disposition towards: grace, favor

A voluntary favourable act: favour, gift


γυνή

γῠνή • (gunḗ) f (genitive γῠναικός); third declension

γῠνή (canonical)
gunḗ (romanization)
γῠναικός (genitive)
ἡ γῠνή (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠναῖκε (dual nominative)
αἱ γῠναῖκες (nominative plural)
τῆς γῠναικός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠναικοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠναικῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γῠναικί (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠναικοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γῠναιξί (dative plural)
γῠναιξίν (dative plural)
taîs gunaixí (dative plural)
taîs gunaixín (dative plural)
τὴν γῠναῖκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠναῖκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γῠναῖκᾰς (accusative plural)
γύναι (singular vocative)
γῠναῖκε (dual vocative)
γῠναῖκες (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γῠνά (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠναῖκε (dual nominative)
ταὶ γῠναῖκες (nominative plural)
τᾶς γῠναικός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠναικαῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γῠναικᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γῠναικί (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠναικαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γῠναιξί (dative plural)
γῠναιξίν (dative plural)
taîs gunaixí (dative plural)
taîs gunaixín (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γῠναῖκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠναῖκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γῠναῖκᾰς (accusative plural)
γύναι (singular vocative)
γῠναῖκε (dual vocative)
γῠναῖκες (plural vocative)

Greek (Modern & varieties):

⇒ Greek: γυναίκα (gynaíka)

⇒ Mariupol Greek: инэ́ка (inéka)

⇒ Tsakonian: γουναίκα (gounaíka)

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷonā. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀙𐀊 (ku-na-ja), Sanskrit ग्ना (gnā́), जनि (jáni), Old Armenian կին (kin), and Old English cwēn (English queen).
The weak stem is probably from the strong stem suffixed with *-keh₂ (compare μέγᾰς (mégas)). Compare also Latin mulier for the development of using hypocorisms to refer to women.

Γυναῖκα γὰρ δὴ συμπονεῖν γυναικὶ χρή.


κρίσις

κρῐ́σῐς • (krísis) f (genitive κρῐ́σεως); third declension

κρῐ́σῐς (canonical)
krísis (romanization)
κρῐ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ κρῐ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ κρῐ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κρῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κρῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
κρῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs krísesi (dative plural)
taîs krísesin (dative plural)
τὴν κρῐ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρῐ́σεις (accusative plural)
κρῐ́σῐ (singular vocative)
κρῐ́σει (dual vocative)
κρῐ́σεις (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ (krisis)

→ English: crisis

Greek: κρίση (krísi)

→ Latin: crisis

From κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I decide”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

turning point or decisive point of disease progression


σάρξ

grc-noun

σάρξ • (sárx) f (genitive σαρκός); third declension

sárx (romanization)
σαρκός (genitive)
ἡ σᾰ́ρξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́ρκε (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰ́ρκες (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰρκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰρκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρκοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰρξῐ́ (dative plural)
σᾰρξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs sarxí (dative plural)
taîs sarxín (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́ρκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́ρκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰ́ρκᾰς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρξ (singular vocative)
σᾰ́ρκε (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρκες (plural vocative)
σᾰ́ρξ (nominative singular)
σᾰ́ρκε (dual nominative)
σᾰ́ρκες (nominative plural)
σᾰρκός (genitive singular)
σᾰρκοῖῐν (dual genitive)
σᾰρκῶν (genitive plural)
σᾰρκῐ́ (dative singular)
σᾰρκοῖῐν (dative dual)
σᾰρξῐ́ (dative plural)
σᾰρξῐ́ν (dative plural)
σᾰ́ρκεσσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰ́ρκεσσῐν (dative plural)
σᾰ́ρκεσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰ́ρκεσῐν (dative plural)
sarxí (dative plural)
sarxín (dative plural)
sárkessi (dative plural)
sárkessin (dative plural)
sárkesi (dative plural)
sárkesin (dative plural)
σᾰ́ρκᾰ (accusative singular)
σᾰ́ρκε (accusative dual)
σᾰ́ρκᾰς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρξ (singular vocative)
σᾰ́ρκε (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρκες (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲁⲣⲝ (sarks)

Greek: σάρκα (sárka, “flesh”)

Albanian: shark

From Proto-Hellenic *súrks, *swə́rks, originally meaning a piece of meat, it derives from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut”).

σαρκασμός

σαρκάζω (sarkázō)

The material which covers the bones of a creature; flesh

The seat of animalistic, immoral desires and thoughts, such as lust

(Christianity) The physical or natural order, which is opposed to the spiritual


κλέπτης

κλέπτης • (kléptēs) m (genitive κλέπτου); first declension

kléptēs (romanization)
κλέπτου (genitive)
ὁ κλέπτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κλέπτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κλέπται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλέπτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλέπταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλεπτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κλέπτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλέπταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλέπταις (dative plural)
τὸν κλέπτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κλέπτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλέπτᾱς (accusative plural)
κλέπτᾰ (singular vocative)
κλέπτᾱ (dual vocative)
κλέπται (plural vocative)

English: klepton

From κλεπ-, the root of κλέπτω (kléptō, “I steal”), + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).

suffix

Περὶ δὲ τῶν χρόνων καὶ τῶν καιρῶν, ἀδελφοί, οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε ὑμῖν γράφεσθαι· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως ἔρχεται.

New Testament, First Epistle to the Thessalonians 5:1–2

About the times and seasons, brothers, you have no need that there be written to you: for you yourselves know exactly that the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night.

Perì dè tôn khrónōn kaì tôn kairôn, adelphoí, ou khreían ékhete humîn gráphesthai; autoì gàr akribôs oídate hóti hē hēméra Kuríou hōs kléptēs en nuktì hoútōs érkhetai.


θεράπων

grc-noun

θερᾰ́πων • (therápōn) m (genitive θερᾰ́ποντος); third declension

θερᾰ́πων (canonical)
therápōn (romanization)
θερᾰ́ποντος (genitive)
ὁ θερᾰ́πων (nominative singular)
τὼ θερᾰ́ποντε (dual nominative)
οἱ θερᾰ́ποντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ θερᾰ́ποντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερᾰπόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ θερᾰ́ποντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θερᾰ́πουσῐ (dative plural)
θερᾰ́πουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs therápousi (dative plural)
toîs therápousin (dative plural)
τὸν θερᾰ́ποντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θερᾰ́ποντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς θερᾰ́ποντᾰς (accusative plural)
θερᾰ́πον (singular vocative)
θερᾰ́ποντε (dual vocative)
θερᾰ́ποντες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root as τέραμνον (téramnon, “chamber”).

companion of lower rank, comrade, attendant, aide


ὀδούς

ὀδούς • (odoús) m (genitive ὀδόντος); third declension

odoús (romanization)
ὀδόντος (genitive)
ὁ ὀδούς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀδόντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀδόντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀδόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀδόντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀδοῦσῐ (dative plural)
ὀδοῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs odoûsi (dative plural)
toîs odoûsin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀδόντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀδόντᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀδόν (singular vocative)
ὀδόντε (dual vocative)
ὀδόντες (plural vocative)

Greek: δόντι (dónti) (from diminutive *ὀδόντιον (*odóntion))

Mariupol Greek: дъонд (ðond) (from diminutive *ὀδόντιον (*odóntion))

→ English: -odont, -odontia, odonto-

From Proto-Hellenic *odónts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”). Cognates include Sanskrit दत् (dát), Latin dēns, and Old English tōþ (English tooth).

the second vertebra (so called because of its shape)


σκάνδαλον

σκᾰ́νδᾰλον • (skándalon) n (genitive σκᾰνδᾰ́λου); second declension

σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (canonical)
skándalon (romanization)
σκᾰνδᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰνδᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰνδᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰνδᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰνδᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (singular vocative)
σκᾰνδᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σκάνδαλο (skándalo)

desctree

→ Latin: scandalum
Catalan: escàndol
→ French: scandale
→ Belarusian: сканда́л (skandál)
→ Bulgarian: сканда́л (skandál)
→ Czech: skandál
→ Danish: skandale
→ Dutch: schandaal
→ Indonesian: skandal
→ English: scandal
→ Japanese: スキャンダル (sukyandaru)
→ Korean: 스캔들 (seukaendeul)
→ Esperanto: skandalo
→ Estonian: skandaal
→ Finnish: skandaali
→ German: Skandal
→ Persian: اسکاندال (eskândâl)
→ Polish: skandal
→ Russian: сканда́л (skandál)
→ Serbo-Croatian: skandal
→ Slovak: škandál
→ Swedish: skandal
→ Turkish: skandal
→ Ukrainian: сканда́л (skandál)
→ Galician: escándalo
Italian: scandalo
→ Norman: escandale
Old French: esclandre
→ Middle English: slandre
English: slander
French: esclandre
→ English: esclandre
Norman: esclandre
→ Portuguese: escândalo
Romanian: scandal
Sicilian: scànnalu
Spanish: escándalo
Vulgar Latin: *scandulum
→ Albanian: shkandull

From Proto-Indo-European *skand- (“to jump”).


φύσις

grc-noun

φῠ́σῐς • (phúsis) f (genitive φῠ́σεως); third declension

φῠ́σῐς (canonical)
phúsis (romanization)
φῠ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ φῠ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ φῠ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς φῠ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ φῠ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῠ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
φῠ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs phúsesi (dative plural)
taîs phúsesin (dative plural)
τὴν φῠ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῠ́σεις (accusative plural)
φῠ́σῐ (singular vocative)
φῠ́σει (dual vocative)
φῠ́σεις (plural vocative)

Greek: φύση (fýsi)

→? Albanian: fis

→ Coptic: ⲫⲩⲥⲓⲥ (phusis)

→ English: physis

→ Portuguese: physis

→ Italian: fisica

From φῠ́ω (phúō, “grow”) + -σῐς (-sis). Compare Proto-Slavic *bytь (“essence; culture”) and Sanskrit भूति (bhūti, “existence, being; form; might, power, prosperity; fortune”).

cog

later, the nature of one's personality: temper, disposition

Nature, as an entity, especially of productive power


μέτρον

grc-noun

μέτρον • (métron) n (genitive μέτρου); second declension

métron (romanization)
μέτρου (genitive)
τὸ μέτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ μέτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μέτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μέτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μέτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέτροις (dative plural)
τὸ μέτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μέτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (accusative plural)
μέτρον (singular vocative)
μέτρω (dual vocative)
μέτρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέτρο (métro)

→ English: metron

desctree

→ Latin: metrum
→ Dutch: metrum
→ Indonesian: metrum
→ French: mètre (see there for further descendants)
→ German: Metrum
→ Luxembourgish: Metrum
→ Old Irish: metar
Irish: meadar
→ English: mether, medar, meather, madder
→ Italian: metro
→ Polish: metrum
Spanish: miedro

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) + -τρον (-tron).

der

something used to measure: measure, rule, weight


Ἰσραηλίτης

grc-noun

Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́της • (Isrāēlī́tēs) m (genitive Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́του); first declension

Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́της (canonical)
Isrāēlī́tēs (romanization)
Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἰσρᾱηλῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἰσρᾱηλῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἰσρᾱηλῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
Ἰσρᾱηλῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Isrāēlīta

→ Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍂𐌰𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌴𐍃 (israēleitēs)

From Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl, “Israel”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʼēl, “Israel”).


Ἀλεξανδρεύς

grc-noun

Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεύς

Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέως

Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεύς • (Alexandreús) m (genitive Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέως); third declension

Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεύς (canonical)
Alexandreús (romanization)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέως (genitive)
ὁ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρῆς (nominative plural)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῦσῐ (dative plural)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs Alexandreûsi (dative plural)
toîs Alexandreûsin (dative plural)
τὸν Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρέᾱς (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῦ (singular vocative)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρῆ (dual vocative)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρῆς (plural vocative)
Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεῖς (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Ᾰ̓λεξᾰνδρεύς

Latin: Alexandreus

From Ᾰ̓λέξᾰνδρος (Aléxandros) + -εύς (-eús).


νόμος

grc-noun

νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension

nómos (romanization)
νόμου (genitive)
ὁ νόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ νόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ νόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ νόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν νόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ νόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νόμους (accusative plural)
νόμε (singular vocative)
νόμω (dual vocative)
νόμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νόμος (nómos)

Mariupol Greek: но́мус (nómus)

→ Aramaic: נמוסא

Classical Syriac: ܢܡܘܣܐ (nāmōsā)

Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡌࡅࡎࡀ (nimusa)

→ Arabic: نَامُوس (nāmūs)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܘܡܐ (lūmā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ (nomos)

→ English: -nomy

→ Latin: nummus (through Doric)

→ English: nummus

desc

→ Sogdian: 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /nōm/, “law, canon”)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nom, “book; Buddhist scripture”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: נימוס


ὥρα

grc-noun

ὥρᾱ • (hṓrā) f (genitive ὥρᾱς); first declension

ὥρᾱ (canonical)
hṓrā (romanization)
ὥρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὥρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὥρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὧραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὥρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὥραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὡρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὥρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὥραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὥραις (dative plural)
τὴν ὥρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὥρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὥρᾱς (accusative plural)
ὥρᾱ (singular vocative)
ὥρᾱ (dual vocative)
ὧραι (plural vocative)

Greek: ώρα (óra)

Pontic Greek: ώρα (óra)

→ Laz: ორა (ora)

Tsakonian: ούρα (oúra)

→ Latin: hōra (see there for further descendants)

→ Sanskrit: होरा (horā) (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, season”).

inh+

some specific time: right time, time for something


πρεσβυτέριον

grc-noun

πρεσβῠτέρῐον

πρεσβῠτερῐ́ου

πρεσβῠτέρῐον • (presbutérion) n (genitive πρεσβῠτερῐ́ου); second declension

πρεσβῠτέρῐον (canonical)
presbutérion (romanization)
πρεσβῠτερῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πρεσβῠτέρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρεσβῠτερῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρεσβῠτέρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρεσβῠτερῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρεσβῠτερῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρεσβῠτερῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρεσβῠτερῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρεσβῠτερῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρεσβῠτερῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πρεσβῠτέρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρεσβῠτερῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρεσβῠτέρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πρεσβῠτέρῐον (singular vocative)
πρεσβῠτερῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πρεσβῠτέρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πρεσβῠτέρῐον

πρεσβῠτερῐ́ου

→ English: presbytery

desc

𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌱𐍅𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌱𐍅𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹 (praizbwtairei)

Greek: πρεσβυτέριο (presvytério)

→ Latin: presbyterium

From πρεσβῠ́τερος (presbúteros, “old”) + -ῐον (-ion), from πρέσβῠς (présbus, “old man”).

af

πρεσβῠ́τερος


λογισμός

grc-noun

λογῐσμός • (logismós) m (genitive λογῐσμοῦ); second declension

λογῐσμός (canonical)
logismós (romanization)
λογῐσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λογῐσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ λογῐσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λογῐσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λογῐσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λογῐσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λογῐσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λογῐσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λογῐσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λογῐσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λογῐσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λογῐσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λογῐσμούς (accusative plural)
λογῐσμέ (singular vocative)
λογῐσμώ (dual vocative)
λογῐσμοί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: λογισμός m (logismós, “thoughts, calculation”)

From λογίζομαι (logízomai, “I calculate”) + -μός (-mós, verbal noun suffix).


ἔξοδος

grc-noun

ἔξοδος • (éxodos) f (genitive ἐξόδου); second declension

éxodos (romanization)
ἐξόδου (genitive)
ἡ ἔξοδος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐξόδω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἔξοδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐξόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐξόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐξόδων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐξόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐξόδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐξόδοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἔξοδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐξόδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐξόδους (accusative plural)
ἔξοδε (singular vocative)
ἐξόδω (dual vocative)
ἔξοδοι (plural vocative)

Greek: έξοδος (éxodos)

→ Latin: exodus

→ Catalan: èxode

→ English: exodus

→ French: exode

From ἐξ- (ex-, “out”) + ὁδός (hodós, “path, road”).


τέλος

grc-noun

τέλος • (télos) n (genitive τέλους or τέλεος); third declension

télos (romanization)
τέλους (genitive)
τέλεος (genitive)
τὸ τέλος (nominative singular)
τὼ τέλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν τελοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τελῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν τελοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέλεσῐ (dative plural)
τέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs télesi (dative plural)
toîs télesin (dative plural)
τὸ τέλος (accusative singular)
τὼ τέλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέλη (accusative plural)
τέλος (singular vocative)
τέλει (dual vocative)
τέλη (plural vocative)

Greek: τέλος (télos)

→ English: telos

→ English: teleology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷélos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-, probably related to Classical Persian ته (tah, “final”). See Latin colō for more.
Similar to τέλλω (téllō), τέλος (télos) may come from three roots, Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, completion”), *kʷel- (“to swarm, crowd”) and *telh₂- (“to bear, burden”).

inh

completion, maturity, accomplishment, fulfillment, perfection, consummation

the highest government office: magistrate

that which is ordered to be done: task, duty

a person's property, according to which he was classed

initiation (especially into mystery religions)


ἀνθρακιά

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ • (anthrakiā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς); first declension

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (canonical)
anthrakiā́ (romanization)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαί (plural vocative)

Greek: ανθρακιά (anthrakiá)

From ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ (ánthrax, “charcoal”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

ὡς ἕτοιμά σοι / ἑφθὰ καὶ ὀπτὰ καὶ ἀνθρακιᾶς ἄπο ⋯ /
χναύειν, βρύκειν, / κρεοκοπεῖν μέλη ξένων
hōs hétoimá soi / hephthà kaì optà kaì anthrakiâs ápo ⋯ /
khnaúein, brúkein, / kreokopeîn mélē xénōn
So that they are ready for you / - boiled and grilled and from a charcoal fire ... /

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 357–359

- to gnaw, tear, / slice-and-dice: the limbs of the guests

Ναὶ δὴ καὶ τὸν (...) ἐπὶ τῆς ἀνθρακιᾶς ὀπτόμενον ἰχθῦν
Naì dḕ kaì tòn (...) epì tês anthrakiâs optómenon ikhthûn

a. AD 893, Photius, Bibliotheca 222.182a

Yes, even (...) fish grilling on a charcoal fire


αἴνιγμα

grc-noun

αἴνιγμα • (aínigma) n (genitive αἰνίγματος); third declension

aínigma (romanization)
αἰνίγματος (genitive)
τὸ αἴνιγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰνίγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἰνίγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰνίγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰνιγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰνιγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰνίγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰνιγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰνίγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἰνίγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ainígmasi (dative plural)
toîs ainígmasin (dative plural)
τὸ αἴνιγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰνίγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἰνίγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἴνιγμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἰνίγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἰνίγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αίνιγμα (aínigma)

→ Latin: aenigma

→ English: enigma, ænigma

Verbal noun from the root of αἰνίσσομαι (ainíssomai, “speak in riddles”), from αἶνος (aînos, “fable”), + -μα (-ma).


κακία

κᾰκῐ́ᾱ • (kakíā) f (genitive κᾰκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
kakíā (romanization)
κᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κακία (kakía)

Mariupol Greek: каки́я (kakíja)

From κᾰκός (kakós, “bad, evil”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


ποιητής

ποιητής • (poiētḗs) m (genitive ποιητοῦ); first declension

poiētḗs (romanization)
ποιητοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ποιητής (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ποιηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποιητοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ποιητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποιηταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ποιητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ποιητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ποιητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ποιητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ποιηταί (plural vocative)
ὁ ποιητής (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ποιηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποιητέω (genitive singular)
ποιητῶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιητέων (genitive plural)
ποιητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ποιητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ποιητῇσῐ (dative plural)
ποιητῇσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi poiētêisi (dative plural)
toîsi poiētêisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸν ποιητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ποιητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ποιητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ποιητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ποιηταί (plural vocative)

Greek: ποιητής m (poiitís)

Hebrew: פִּיּוּט m (piyút) (see there for further descendants)

Latin: poēta m (see there for further descendants)

desc

Russian: поэ́т m (poét), пии́та (piíta), пии́т (piít)

From ποιέω (poiéō, to make) + -της (-tēs, “-er”, masculine agentive suffix).


συναγωγή

grc-noun

σῠνᾰγωγή • (sunagōgḗ) f (genitive σῠνᾰγωγῆς); first declension

σῠνᾰγωγή (canonical)
sunagōgḗ (romanization)
σῠνᾰγωγῆς (genitive)
ἡ σῠνᾰγωγή (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνᾰγωγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠνᾰγωγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνᾰγωγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνᾰγωγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνᾰγωγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνᾰγωγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνᾰγωγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνᾰγωγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῠνᾰγωγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνᾰγωγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνᾰγωγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῠνᾰγωγή (singular vocative)
σῠνᾰγωγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῠνᾰγωγαί (plural vocative)

Greek: συναγωγή (synagogí)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ (sunagōgē)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌲𐌴 (swnagōgē)

→ Latin: synagoga (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: сѵнаго́га (sünagóga)

→ Belarusian: сінаго́га (sinahóha)

→ Russian: синаго́га (sinagóga)

→ Ukrainian: синаго́га (synahóha)

From συνάγω (sunágō, “I gather together”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”).

a gathering of people, meeting, assembly

The place of such an assembly (especially of the Jewish synagogue)


θησαυρός

grc-noun

θησαυρός • (thēsaurós) m (genitive θησαυροῦ); second declension

thēsaurós (romanization)
θησαυροῦ (genitive)
ὁ θησαυρός (nominative singular)
τὼ θησαυρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θησαυροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θησαυροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θησαυροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θησαυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θησαυρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θησαυροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θησαυροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θησαυρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θησαυρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θησαυρούς (accusative plural)
θησαυρέ (singular vocative)
θησαυρώ (dual vocative)
θησαυροί (plural vocative)

Greek: θησαυρός (thisavrós)

Latin: thēsaurus

Catalan: tesaurus, tresor

Old French: tresor (see there for further descendants)

French: thésaurus

Galician: tesouro

Italian: tesauro, tesoro

Sicilian: tisoru

Spanish: tesauro, tesoro

desc

Portuguese: tesauro, tesouro, tesoiro, thesaurus

Romanian: tezaur

→ Albanian: thesar

→ Armenian: թեզաուրուս (tʻezaurus)

→ Czech: tezaurus

→ Danish: tesaurus

→ Dutch: thesaurus

→ English: thesaurus

→ Esperanto: tezaŭro

→ German: Thesaurus

→ Hungarian: tezaurusz

→ Ido: tezauro

→ Indonesian: tesaurus

→ Macedonian: тезаурус (tezaurus)

→ Malay: tesaurus

→ Norwegian: tesaurus

→ Polish: tezaurus

→ Russian: теза́урус (tezáurus)

→ Serbo-Croatian: tezaurus/тезаурус

→ Slovak: tezaurus

→ Swedish: tesaurus

Beekes derives it from Pre-Greek, based on its technical semantic domain and lack of resemblance to various Indo-European roots.


θρίξ

grc-noun

θρῐ́ξ • (thríx) f (genitive τρῐχός); third declension

θρῐ́ξ (canonical)
thríx (romanization)
τρῐχός (genitive)
ἡ θρῐ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐ́χε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́χες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐχός (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐχῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐχοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς θρῐξῐ́ (dative plural)
θρῐξῐ́ν (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́χᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐ́χε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐ́χᾰς (accusative plural)
θρῐ́ξ (singular vocative)
τρῐ́χε (dual vocative)
τρῐ́χες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

θρῐξῐ́ / θρῐξῐ́ν

Greek: τρίχα (trícha)

desctree

→ New Latin: trichechus m
→ Italian: tricheco m

→ English: tricho-, -trichous


ἡμέρα

grc-noun

ἡμέρᾱ • (hēmérā) f (genitive ἡμέρᾱς); first declension

ἡμέρᾱ (canonical)
hēmérā (romanization)
ἡμέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἡμέρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἡμέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡμέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἡμέραις (dative plural)
τὴν ἡμέρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἡμέρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡμέρᾱ (singular vocative)
ἡμέρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἡμέραι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἡμέρη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἡμέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡμέρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμερέων (genitive plural)
ἡμερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡμέρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμέραιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν ἡμέρῃσῐ (dative plural)
ἡμέρῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi hēmérēisi (dative plural)
têisi hēmérēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν ἡμέρην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἡμέρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡμέρη (singular vocative)
ἡμέρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἡμέραι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ἁμέρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁμέρᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ ἁμέραι (nominative plural)
τᾶς ἁμέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁμέραιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ἁμερᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ ἁμέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁμέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁμέραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ἁμέρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁμέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁμέρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἁμέρᾱ (singular vocative)
ἁμέρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἁμέραι (plural vocative)

Greek: ημέρα (iméra)

Mariupol Greek: ме́ра (mjéra)

Tsakonian: αμέρα (améra)

Lengthened form of ἦμαρ (êmar, “day”). The initial aspiration ῾ (h) in Attic is probably by analogy with ἑσπέρᾱ (hespérā). Cognate with Old Armenian աւր (awr, “day”).

(with adjectives) a time of life of a particular type or length

(genitive) within a certain number of days; by day; sometime during a particular day

(adverbial)
(dative) on a particular day

(accusative) for a day or days; after a day or a certain number of days; in the daytime


ἄνθραξ

ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension

ánthrax (romanization)
ἄνθρακος (genitive)
ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxi (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxin (dative plural)
τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Czech: anthrax

desc

→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene

→ French: anthrax

→ German: Anthrax

→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)

→ Dutch: antrax

→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс

→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus

→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)

Uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "primitive word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), Old English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).


ἥλιος

grc-noun

ἥλῐος • (hḗlios) m (genitive ἡλῐ́ου); second declension

ἥλῐος (canonical)
hḗlios (romanization)
ἡλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἥλῐος (nominative singular)
τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸν ἥλῐον (accusative singular)
ἥλῐε (singular vocative)

Greek: ήλιος (ílios)

Italiot Greek: ilio

Mariupol Greek: и́люс (íljus)

→ Sanskrit: हेलि (heli)

From Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic слъньцє (slŭnĭce), Latin sol, Sanskrit सूर (sūra) and सूर्य (sūrya) and स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Persian خور (xwar).

καὶ μικρὸν μὲν ἀνεκάθισεν, ἀνθρώπων τοσούτων ἐπερχομένων, καὶ διέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον. ὡς δὲ ἐκεῖνος ἀσπασάμενος καὶ προσειπὼν αὐτὸν ἠρώτησεν εἴ τινος τυγχάνει δεόμενος, “Μικρόν,” εἶπεν, “ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι.”

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 14

Diogenes raised himself up a little when he saw so many persons coming towards him, and fixed his eyes upon Alexander. And when that monarch addressed him with greetings, and asked if he wanted anything, “Yes,” said Diogenes, “stand a little out of my sun.”

kaì mikròn mèn anekáthisen, anthrṓpōn tosoútōn eperkhoménōn, kaì diéblepsen eis tòn Aléxandron. hōs dè ekeînos aspasámenos kaì proseipṑn autòn ērṓtēsen eí tinos tunkhánei deómenos, “Mikrón,” eîpen, “apò toû hēlíou metástēthi.”


φλόξ

φλόξ • (phlóx) f (genitive φλογός); third declension

phlóx (romanization)
φλογός (genitive)
ἡ φλόξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλόγε (dual nominative)
αἱ φλόγες (nominative plural)
τῆς φλογός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλογοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλογῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλογῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλογοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλοξῐ́ (dative plural)
φλοξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phloxí (dative plural)
taîs phloxín (dative plural)
τὴν φλόγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλόγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλόγᾰς (accusative plural)
φλόξ (singular vocative)
φλόγε (dual vocative)
φλόγες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Phlox

English: phlox

Greek: φλόγα (flóga)


θέατρον

θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension

θέᾱτρον (canonical)
théātron (romanization)
θεᾱ́τρου (genitive)
τὸ θέᾱτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ θεᾱ́τρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θέᾱτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεᾱ́τρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεᾱ́τροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεᾱ́τρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θεᾱ́τρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεᾱ́τροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεᾱ́τροις (dative plural)
τὸ θέᾱτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ θεᾱ́τρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέᾱτρᾰ (accusative plural)
θέᾱτρον (singular vocative)
θεᾱ́τρω (dual vocative)
θέᾱτρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: θέατρο (théatro)

→ Hebrew: תאטרון (teatrón)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Literary Aramaic: תיאטר (/tyˀṭr/)

desc

Classical Syriac: ܬܐܛܪܘܢ (tˀṭrwn /teˀaṭrōn/)

→ Coptic: ⲑⲉⲁⲧⲣⲟⲛ (theatron)

→ Latin: theatrum (see there for further descendants)

→ English: theatre, theater

→ Old Armenian: թատր (tʻatr), թէատրոն (tʻēatron), թեատրոն (tʻeatron)

From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to view”) + -τρον (-tron).


ἡγεμών

grc-noun

ἡγεμών • (hēgemṓn) m (genitive ἡγεμόνος); third declension

hēgemṓn (romanization)
ἡγεμόνος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἡγεμών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡγεμόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἡγεμόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἡγεμόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡγεμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡγεμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἡγεμόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡγεμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἡγεμόσῐ (dative plural)
ἡγεμόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs hēgemósi (dative plural)
taîs hēgemósin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἡγεμόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡγεμόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἡγεμόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἡγεμών (singular vocative)
ἡγεμόνε (dual vocative)
ἡγεμόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: ηγεμόνας (igemónas)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܗܝܓܡܘܢܐ (hêḡmōnāʾ)

→ Coptic: ϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ (hēgemōn)

→ English: hegemon

→ Hebrew: הֶגְמוֹן (heḡmôn)

→ Middle Iranian:

desc

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭩𐭪𐭬𐭥𐭭 (hykmwn /hēgimōn/) (As Graeco-Roman politician's title)

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭉𐭊𐭌𐭅𐭍 (hykmwn /hēgemōn/) (As Graeco-Roman politician's title)

Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫏𐫃𐫖𐫇𐫗 (hygmwn /hēgemōn/, “ruler, governor”)

→ Old Armenian: հեգեմոն (hegemon), հոգեմոն (hogemon)

→ Old Church Slavonic: игемонъ (igemonŭ)

→ Russian: гегемо́н (gegemón)

From ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”) + -μων (-mōn).


ἰχθύς

grc-noun

ἰχθῡ́ς • (ikhthū́s) m (genitive ἰχθῠ́ος); third declension

ἰχθῡ́ς (canonical)
ikhthū́s (romanization)
ἰχθῠ́ος (genitive)
ὁ ἰ̆χθῡ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰ̆χθῠ́ε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἰ̆χθῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰ̆χθῠ́ος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰ̆χθῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰ̆χθῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰ̆χθῠ́ῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰ̆χθῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰ̆χθῠ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἰ̆χθῠ́σῐν (dative plural)
toîs ikhthúsi (dative plural)
toîs ikhthúsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἰχθῡ́ν (accusative singular)
ἰχθῠ́ᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰ̆χθῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰ̆χθῦς (accusative plural)
ἰ̆χθῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
ἰ̆χθῡ́ (singular vocative)
ἰ̆χθῠ́ε (dual vocative)
ἰ̆χθῠ́ες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἰχθῡ́ν, ἰχθῠ́ᾰ

Greek: ιχθύς (ichthýs)

→ English: ichthys

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰu- (“fish”), but the initial ἰ is unetymological and problematic. Compare Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn) and Lithuanian žuvìs.

ὥσπερ αὖ καὶ τῶν βασιλέων Ἀετὸς μὲν ὁ Πύρρος ἥδετο καλούμενος Ἰέραξ δ' ὁ Ἀντίοχος· ἰχθῦς δὲ τοὺς ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀνοήτους λοιδοροῦντες ἢ σκώπτοντες ὀνομάζομεν.

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.975b

So again, among monarchs Pyrrhus liked to be called an Eagle and Antiochus a Hawk. But when we deride, or rail at, stupid and ignorant people we call them "fish."

hṓsper aû kaì tôn basiléōn Aetòs mèn ho Púrrhos hḗdeto kaloúmenos Iérax d' ho Antíokhos; ikhthûs dè toùs amatheîs kaì anoḗtous loidoroûntes ḕ skṓptontes onomázomen.

κἂν ταῦτα λέγων ἐξαπατήσῃ, παρὰ τοὺς ἰχθῦς ἀνέκυψεν.

And if he fooled 'em with that story, he'd pop up in the fish market.

kàn taûta légōn exapatḗsēi, parà toùs ikhthûs anékupsen.

190 BCE – 120 BCE, Hipparchus, Collected Works 1.2.3

234 CE – 305 CE, Porphyry, Antr. 22

fish
(in the plural) Pisces (constellation)

ἔρχεται ὠμηστῇσιν ἐπ’ ἰχθύσι κῆρα φέρουσα

goeth down bearing death to the ravenous fishes

érkhetai ōmēstêisin ep’ ikhthúsi kêra phérousa


Ἕλλην

grc-noun

Ἕλλην • (Héllēn) m (genitive Ἕλληνος); third declension

Héllēn (romanization)
Ἕλληνος (genitive)
ὁ Ἕλλην (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἕλληνε (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἕλληνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἕλληνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἑλλήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἑλλήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἕλληνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἑλλήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἕλλησῐ (dative plural)
Ἕλλησῐν (dative plural)
toîs Héllēsi (dative plural)
toîs Héllēsin (dative plural)
τὸν Ἕλληνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἕλληνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἕλληνᾰς (accusative plural)
Ἕλλην (singular vocative)
Ἕλληνε (dual vocative)
Ἕλληνες (plural vocative)

Μost probably a derivation of Ἑλλοί (Helloí) or Σελλοί (Selloí), the Greek inhabitants of the area around the sanctuary of Dodona (Δωδώνη (Dōdṓnē). The ultimate origin is unknown, possibly Pre-Greek. Related to Ἑλλάς (Hellás).
More at Hellenes.

Σωκράτης: Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ ἑλληνίζει;
Μένων: πάνυ γε σφόδρα, οἰκογενής γε.
Sōkrátēs: Héllēn mén esti kaì hellēnízei?

Socrates: He is a Greek, I suppose, and speaks Greek?
Meno: Very much so, in fact home-bred.

Greek, one who is from Greece or speaks Greek.

ἦν δὲ ἡ γυνὴ Ἑλληνίς Συροφοινίσσα τῷ γένει.

The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation.

ên dè hē gunḕ Hellēnís Surophoiníssa tôi génei.

Often used in Jewish and Christian literature as referring to any non-Jew: Gentile


κρανίον

κρᾱνῐ́ον • (krāníon) n (genitive κρᾱνῐ́ου); second declension

κρᾱνῐ́ον (canonical)
krāníon (romanization)
κρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾱνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾱνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾱνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾱνῐ́ον (singular vocative)
κρᾱνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κρανίο (kranío)

→ Medieval Latin: crānium

→ Catalan: crani

→ English: cranium

→ French: crâne

→ Italian: cranio

→ Portuguese: crânio

→ Romanian: craniu

→ Spanish: cráneo

From the old oblique stem, *krān-, of κᾰ́ρη (kárē, “Homeric form of κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “the head”)”) + -ῐ́ον (-íon, diminutive suffix).

(anatomy) the upper part of the head, the cranium

the upper part of the head, the cranium
the skull

the upper part of the head, the cranium
the head


εἰρήνη

εἰρήνη • (eirḗnē) f (genitive εἰρήνης); first declension

eirḗnē (romanization)
εἰρήνης (genitive)
ἡ εἰρήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰρήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εἰρῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰρήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰρήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰρηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εἰρήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰρήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εἰρήναις (dative plural)
τὴν εἰρήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰρήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εἰρήνᾱς (accusative plural)
εἰρήνη (singular vocative)
εἰρήνᾱ (dual vocative)
εἰρῆναι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ϝειράνᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ϝειράνᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ ϝειράναι (nominative plural)
τᾶς ϝειράνᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ϝειράναιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ϝειρανᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ ϝειράνᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ϝειράναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ϝειράναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ϝειράνᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ϝειράνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ϝειράνᾱς (accusative plural)
ϝειράνᾱ (singular vocative)
ϝειράνᾱ (dual vocative)
ϝειράναι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (eirēnē), ⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (irēnē), ϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (hirēnē)

Greek: ειρήνη (eiríni)

According to Beekes and Chantraine, probably from Pre-Greek. Older theories link the word to εἴρω (eírō, “to fasten together”) or εἴρω (eírō, “to speak, say”) (compare ῥήτρα (rhḗtra, “verbal agreement, treaty”)).


θεός

grc-noun

θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension

theós (romanization)
θεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θεός (nominative singular)
τὼ θεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θεούς (accusative plural)
θεέ (singular vocative)
θεώ (dual vocative)
θεοί (plural vocative)
θεός (nominative singular)
θεώ (dual nominative)
θεοί (nominative plural)
θεοῦ (genitive singular)
θεοῖο (genitive singular)
θεόο (genitive singular)
θεόφῐ (genitive singular)
θεόφῐν (genitive singular)
theoû (genitive singular)
theoîo (genitive singular)
theóo (genitive singular)
theóphi (genitive singular)
theóphin (genitive singular)
θεοῖῐν (dual genitive)
θεῶν (genitive plural)
θεόφῐ (genitive plural)
θεόφῐν (genitive plural)
theôn (genitive plural)
theóphi (genitive plural)
theóphin (genitive plural)
θεῷ (dative singular)
θεόφῐ (dative singular)
θεόφῐν (dative singular)
theôi (dative singular)
theóphi (dative singular)
theóphin (dative singular)
θεοῖῐν (dative dual)
θεοῖσῐ (dative plural)
θεοῖσῐν (dative plural)
θεοῖς (dative plural)
θεόφῐ (dative plural)
θεόφῐν (dative plural)
theoîsi (dative plural)
theoîsin (dative plural)
theoîs (dative plural)
theóphi (dative plural)
theóphin (dative plural)
θεόν (accusative singular)
θεώ (accusative dual)
θεούς (accusative plural)
θεέ (singular vocative)
θεώ (dual vocative)
θεοί (plural vocative)
ὁ θιός (nominative singular)
τὼ θιώ (dual nominative)
τοὶ θιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θιῶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θιώ (accusative dual)
τὼς θιώς (accusative plural)
θιέ (singular vocative)
θιώ (dual vocative)
θιοί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Classical Greek used no vocative singular, while later Greek allowed for both θεός (theós) and θεέ (theé).

θεοῦ/θεοῖο/θεόο/θεόφῐ(ν)

θεῷ/θεόφῐ(ν)

θεῶν/θεόφῐ(ν)

θεοῖσῐ(ν)/θεοῖς/θεόφῐ(ν)

Boeotian: θῐός (thiós)

Cypriot, Cretan: θιός (thiós)

Doric: θεύς (theús)

→ English: theo-

→ French: théo-

Greek: θεός (theós)

→ Italian: teo-

Laconic: σῐός (siós)

→ Spanish: teo-

→ Portuguese: teo-

desc

Mariupol Greek: тъео́с (θjeós), тъего́с (θjehós)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of amphikinetic Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-s-(s) ~ *dʰh₁-s-és, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s (s-stem forming suffix). Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʻ, “gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”).
Despite its similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate of deus is Ζεύς (Zeús).


θρόνος

grc-noun

θρόνος • (thrónos) m (genitive θρόνου); second declension

thrónos (romanization)
θρόνου (genitive)
ὁ θρόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ θρόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ θρόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν θρόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρόνους (accusative plural)
θρόνε (singular vocative)
θρόνω (dual vocative)
θρόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: θρόνος (thrónos)

→ Aramaic: תְּרוֹנוֹס (ṭronos)

→ Coptic: ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (thronos)

→ Latin: thronus (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: трон m (tron)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”), but this root presents a number of problems, such as the lack of the suffix *-onos in Proto-Indo-European, the lack of any words meaning "chair" from this root in any other Indo-European languages, and the lack of any definite Greek descendants from the root itself. Comparisons to θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench”) and θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”) are also improbable, due to lack of evidence of their supposed shared root *dʰerh₂-. Due to the suffix -όνος usually being indicative of a Pre-Greek word (as in χρόνος (khrónos), Κρόνος (Krónos)), Beekes suggests that this could be the case for θρόνος (thrónos) as well.

τά που καὶ Ζηνὸς ἐπὶ θρόνον ἄγαγε φάμα

...which Rumour may well have carried up to the throne of Zeus.

tá pou kaì Zēnòs epì thrónon ágage pháma


στέφανος

στέφᾰνος • (stéphanos) m (genitive στεφᾰ́νου); second declension

στέφᾰνος (canonical)
stéphanos (romanization)
στεφᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ στέφᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ στεφᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ στέφᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στεφᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στεφᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στεφᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ στεφᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στεφᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στεφᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν στέφᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ στεφᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στεφᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
στέφᾰνε (singular vocative)
στεφᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
στέφᾰνοι (plural vocative)

> Greek: στέφανο (stéfano) (inherited)

→ Greek: στέφανος (stéfanos) (learned)

crown, wreath, chaplet, especially the conqueror's wreath


βίος

βῐ́ος • (bíos) m (genitive βῐ́ου); second declension

βῐ́ος (canonical)
bíos (romanization)
βῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ βῐ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ βῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ βῐ́οι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν βῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ βῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βῐ́ους (accusative plural)
βῐ́ε (singular vocative)
βῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βῐ́οι (plural vocative)

→ English: bio-

Greek: βίος (víos)

Coptic: ⲃⲓⲟⲥ (bios)

Norwegian Bokmål: bio-

Either from Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos, from *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), and cognate with Old English cwic (English quick), Latin vīvus, and Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ); or a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos).
In either case, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”), whence also ζωός (zōós) and ζῷον (zôion), and cognate with Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), Latin vīvō, Old Armenian կեամ (keam).

der

life (often with a positive connotation: the good life)


ὄνομα

grc-noun

ὄνομᾰ • (ónoma) n (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension

ὄνομᾰ (canonical)
ónoma (romanization)
ὀνόμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ὄνομᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνόμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνόμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνομᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνόμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνόμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνόμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs onómasi (dative plural)
toîs onómasin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄνομᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνόμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄνομᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀνόμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀνόμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όνομα (ónoma)

→ Latin: onoma (semantic loan)

desc

→ English: -onym (learned) (from international scientific vocabulary)

PIE word
 *h₁nómn̥
From Proto-Hellenic *ónomə, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Cognate with Phrygian ονομαν (onoman), Latin nōmen, Old Irish ainm, Old English nama (English name), Old Church Slavonic имѧ (imę), Old Armenian անուն (anun), Persian نام (nām), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man).

ὑποκοριστικόν [ὄνομα]

[nomen] deminutivum/diminutivum; diminutive [noun]

ἀριθμητικόν

nomen numerale cardinale; cardinal number

make a name for oneself
make a name for oneself#English

fame (compare English make a name for oneself)

Ὄνομά ἐστι μέρος λόγου πτωτικόν, σῶμα ἢ πρᾶγμα σημαῖνον, σῶμα μὲν οἷον λίθος, πρᾶγμα δὲ οἷον παιδεία, κοινῶς τε καὶ ἰδίως λεγόμενον, κοινῶς μὲν οἷον ἄνθρωπος ἵππος, ἰδίως δὲ οἷον Σωκράτης. παρέπεται δὲ τῷ ὀνόματι πέντε· γένη, εἴδη, σχήματα, ἀριθμοί, πτώσεις.

170 BCE – 90 BCE, Dionysius Thrax, Art of Grammar

1874 translation by Thomas Davidson
A Noun is a declinable part of speech, signifying something either concrete or abstract (concrete, as stone; abstract, as education); common or proper (common, as man, horse; proper, as Socrates, Plato). It has five accidents: genders, species, forms, numbers, and cases.

Ónomá esti méros lógou ptōtikón, sôma ḕ prâgma sēmaînon, sôma mèn hoîon líthos, prâgma dè hoîon paideía, koinôs te kaì idíōs legómenon, koinôs mèn hoîon ánthrōpos híppos, idíōs dè hoîon Sōkrátēs. parépetai dè tôi onómati pénte; génē, eídē, skhḗmata, arithmoí, ptṓseis.

(grammar) noun, in the wide sense: referring to most word classes that are declined for case and number – a substantive (English noun), an adjective, or a pronoun – but excluding the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) and the article ὁ (ho)


ζωή

grc-noun

ζωή • (zōḗ) f (genitive ζωῆς); first declension

zōḗ (romanization)
ζωῆς (genitive)
ἡ ζωή (nominative singular)
τὼ ζωᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζωαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ζωῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζωαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζωῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζωῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζωαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζωαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ζωήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζωᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζωᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ζωή (singular vocative)
ζωᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ζωαί (plural vocative)

Greek: ζωή (zoḯ)


ὅπλον

ὅπλον • (hóplon) n (genitive ὅπλου); second declension

hóplon (romanization)
ὅπλου (genitive)
τὸ ὅπλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὅπλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὅπλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὅπλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὅπλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὅπλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὅπλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὅπλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὅπλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὅπλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὅπλον (singular vocative)
ὅπλω (dual vocative)
ὅπλᾰ (plural vocative)

English: hopl-

Greek: όπλο (óplo, “gun”)

Albanian: aplladhe

From Proto-Indo-European *sop-lo- (“instrument”), an o-grade l-suffixed formation from *sep- (“to care for, honor, prepare”); see the related ἕπω (hépō, “I am busy”) for cognates. Not related to ἕπομαι (hépomai, “I follow”).

(often in the plural) a ship's tackle, rope

(often in the plural) instruments of war: arms, armour, weapon

specifically the large shield carried by hoplites


στῆθος

στῆθος • (stêthos) n (genitive στήθεος or στήθους); third declension

stêthos (romanization)
στήθεος (genitive)
στήθους (genitive)
τὸ στῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ στήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ στήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στηθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesi (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesin (dative plural)
τὸ στῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ στήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθη (plural vocative)
στῆθος (nominative singular)
στήθει (dual nominative)
στήθεε (dual nominative)
στήθεᾰ (nominative plural)
στήθεος (genitive singular)
στήθευς (genitive singular)
στηθέοιν (dual genitive)
στηθέων (genitive plural)
στήθεσφι (genitive plural)
στήθεσφιν (genitive plural)
stēthéōn (genitive plural)
stḗthesphi (genitive plural)
stḗthesphin (genitive plural)
στήθει (dative singular)
στήθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
στηθέοιν (dative dual)
στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
stḗthesi (dative plural)
stḗthesin (dative plural)
στῆθος (accusative singular)
στήθει (accusative dual)
στήθεε (accusative dual)
στήθεᾰ (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθεε (dual vocative)
στήθεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στηθέων, στήθεσφι(ν)

→ English: stetho-

Greek: στήθος (stíthos)

As this word is also Doric and Aeolic, the connection with ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”) must be given up. The similarity to στήνιον (stḗnion), Old Armenian ստին (stin, “breast”) and Sanskrit स्तन (stana, “female breast”) is hardly coincidental. If cognate, the relation between this word and στήνιον (stḗnion) would be like that of Latin plēnus (“full”) to πλῆθος (plêthos, “multitude”).

breast as the seat of emotions, feelings


ταῦρος

grc-noun

ταῦρος • (taûros) m (genitive ταύρου); second declension

taûros (romanization)
ταύρου (genitive)
ὁ ταῦρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ταύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ταῦροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ταύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ταύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ταύροις (dative plural)
τὸν ταῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ταύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ταύρους (accusative plural)
ταῦρε (singular vocative)
ταύρω (dual vocative)
ταῦροι (plural vocative)

Greek: ταύρος (távros)

→ Dutch: tauros

From Proto-Hellenic *táuros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros; cognates include Latin taurus, Lithuanian taũras, Old English stēor (English steer), and Albanian ter. The Semitic words bear a resemblance: Aramaic תּוֹר (tor), Arabic ثَوْر (ṯawr), cf Proto-Semitic *ṯawr-; an etymological link is considered possible, either the PIE root was borrowed from the Semitic one, or the opposite, or both were borrowed from a third common source.

οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα

c. 80–90 CE, Gospel of Matthew, 22:4; Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition, 2012:

my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready (NRSV)

hoi taûroí mou kaì tà sitistà tethuména kaì pánta hétoima

A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature


παράδεισος

πᾰρᾰ́δεισος • (parádeisos) m (genitive πᾰρᾰδείσου); second declension

πᾰρᾰ́δεισος (canonical)
parádeisos (romanization)
πᾰρᾰδείσου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰρᾰ́δεισος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰδείσω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰρᾰ́δεισοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰρᾰδείσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰδείσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρᾰδείσων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰρᾰδείσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰδείσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰρᾰδείσοις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰρᾰ́δεισον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰδείσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰρᾰδείσους (accusative plural)
πᾰρᾰ́δεισε (singular vocative)
πᾰρᾰδείσω (dual vocative)
πᾰρᾰ́δεισοι (plural vocative)

Greek: παράδεισος (parádeisos)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ (paradisos)

→ Latin: paradīsus (see there for further descendants)

q

back-formation from the plural <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">فَرَادِيس</i> (farādīs)

→ Arabic: فِرْدَوْس (firdaws) (see there for further descendants) (back-formation from the plural فَرَادِيس (farādīs))

An Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.

the garden owned by the Persian nobility

the afterlife location of the blessed: paradise