σκύλος

grc-noun

σκῠ́λος • (skúlos) n (genitive σκῠ́λεος or σκῠ́λους); third declension

σκῠ́λος (canonical)
skúlos (romanization)
σκῠ́λεος (genitive)
σκῠ́λους (genitive)
τὸ σκῠ́λος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́λεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́λεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῠ́λεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῠ́λεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῠ́λεσῐ (dative plural)
σκῠ́λεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skúlesi (dative plural)
toîs skúlesin (dative plural)
τὸ σκῠ́λος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́λεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́λεᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῠ́λος (singular vocative)
σκῠ́λεε (dual vocative)
σκῠ́λεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognates include Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “to cover”) and Old English scēo (“sky”) and scuwa (“shade, darkness, protection”). Related to σκῦτος (skûtos, “hide, leather”) and ἐπισκύνιον (episkúnion, “skin over the brows”).
Alternatively, Beekes suggests derivation from σκύλλω (skúllō, “I lacerate, skin”).


κύων

grc-noun

κῠ́ων • (kúōn) m or f (genitive κῠνός); third declension

κῠ́ων (canonical)
kúōn (romanization)
κῠνός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠ́ων (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́νε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠ́νες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
κῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
κῠ́νεσσῐ (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠ́νᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́νε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́νᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠ́ον (singular vocative)
κῠ́ων (singular vocative)
κῠ́νε (dual vocative)
κῠ́νες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠ́ον, κῠ́ων

κῠσῐ́, κῠσῐ́ν, κῠ́νεσσῐ

Greek: κύων (kýon)

Tsakonian: κούε (koúe)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). Cognates include Latin canis, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván) and Old English hund (English hound). The final -ν (-n) in the nominative singular which was absent in *ḱwṓ was restored in Greek by analogy to other forms in the paradigm.

(derogatory) a bitch (used of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity)


λύκος

grc-noun

λῠ́κος • (lúkos) m (genitive λῠ́κου); second declension

λῠ́κος (canonical)
lúkos (romanization)
λῠ́κου (genitive)
ὁ λῠ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ λῠ́κοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν λῠ́κον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λῠ́κους (accusative plural)
λῠ́κε (singular vocative)
λῠ́κω (dual vocative)
λῠ́κοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λύκος (lýkos)

Tsakonian: λιούκο (lioúko)

→ Latin: lycos

desctree

→ Samoan: luko (learned)
→ Tokelauan: luko (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *lúkos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) with metathesis. Cognates include Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka), Latin lupus (also showing metathesis), Old English wulf (English wolf) and Russian волк (volk).

Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασιν προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δὲ εἰσὶν λύκοι ἅρπαγες.

Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.

Prosékhete apò tôn pseudoprophētôn, hoítines érkhontai pròs humâs en endúmasin probátōn, ésōthen dè eisìn lúkoi hárpages.


δημοκρατία

grc-noun

δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς

δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (dēmokratíā) f (genitive δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
dēmokratíā (romanization)
δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δημοκρᾰτῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δημοκρᾰτῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δημοκρᾰτῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δημοκρᾰτῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δημοκρᾰτῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δημοκρᾰτῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς

Greek: δημοκρατία f (dimokratía)

desctree

Latin: dēmocratia (Mediaeval)
Middle French: democratie
French: démocratie
→ Danish: demokrati n
→ Dutch: democratie f, demokratie (before 1996)
Afrikaans: demokrasie
→ Malay: demokrasi
→ Indonesian: démokrasi
→ Peranakan Indonesian: democratie
→ German: Demokratie f
→ Hebrew: דֵּמוֹקְרַטְיָה f
→ Persian: دموکراسی (demokrâsi)
→ Romanian: democrație f
→ Turkish: demokrasi
→ Norman: démocratie
→ Czech: demokracie
→ English: democracy
→ Amharic: ዴሞክራሲ (demokrasi)
→ Burmese: ဒီမိုကရေစီ (dimuika.reci)
→ Chinese: 得莫克拉西 (démòkèlāxī), 德謨克拉西／德谟克拉西 (démókèlāxī)
→ Malay: demokrasi
→ S'gaw Karen: ဒံၣ်မိၣ်ခြ့ၣ်စံၣ် (deè moh̀ khraỳ seè)
→ Swahili: demokrasia
→ Western Kayah: ꤘꤟꤤ꤬ꤗꤥ꤬ꤊꤚꤢꤩ꤬ꤎꤤ꤬ (dì̤mòkrèsì)
Italian: democrazia
Portuguese: democracia
Sicilian: dimucrazzìa
Spanish: democracia
Norwegian Bokmål: demokrati
Norwegian Nynorsk: demokrati
Swedish: demokrati

Russian: демокра́тия f (demokrátija) (see there for further descendants)

Derived from δῆμος (dêmos, “common people", "assembly of the people”) + -κρατία (-kratía, “power”, “rule”).

af

(politics, uncountable) democracy, popular government

Τοὺς γὰρ τυράννους τῶν Ἰώνων καταπαύσας πάντας ὁ Μαρδόνιος δημοκρατίας κατίστα ἐς τὰς πόλιας.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.43.3

1910 translation by George Rawlinson
Mardonius put down all the despots throughout Ionia, and in lieu of them established democracies

Toùs gàr turánnous tôn Iṓnōn katapaúsas pántas ho Mardónios dēmokratías katísta es tàs pólias.

Ὁ Βίας ἔφησε κρατίστην εἶναι δημοκρατίαν ἐν ᾗ πάντες ὡς τύραννον φοβοῦνται τὸν νόμον.

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Banquet of the Seven Sages 154e

Bias said that the strongest democracy is that wherein all fear the law as their tyrant.

Ho Bías éphēse kratístēn eînai dēmokratían en hêi pántes hōs túrannon phoboûntai tòn nómon.

inflection of δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokratíā):
nominative/vocative singular

inflection of δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokratíā):
nominative/accusative/vocative dual


νίκη

grc-noun

νῑ́κη • (nī́kē) f (genitive νῑ́κης); first declension

νῑ́κη (canonical)
nī́kē (romanization)
νῑ́κης (genitive)
ἡ νῑ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῑ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῖκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῑ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῑ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῑκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῑ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῑ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῑ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν νῑ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῑ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῑ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
νῑ́κη (singular vocative)
νῑ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
νῖκαι (plural vocative)
νῑ́κη (nominative singular)
νῑ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
νῖκαι (nominative plural)
νῑ́κης (genitive singular)
νῑ́καιν (dual genitive)
νῑ́καιῐν (dual genitive)
νῑ́κῃῐν (dual genitive)
nī́kain (dual genitive)
nī́kaiin (dual genitive)
nī́kēiin (dual genitive)
νῑκᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῑκέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῑκῶν (genitive plural)
νῑ́κῃ (dative singular)
νῑ́καιν (dative dual)
νῑ́καιῐν (dative dual)
νῑ́κῃῐν (dative dual)
nī́kain (dative dual)
nī́kaiin (dative dual)
nī́kēiin (dative dual)
νῑ́κῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῑ́κῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῑ́κῃς (dative plural)
νῑ́καις (dative plural)
nī́kēisi (dative plural)
nī́kēisin (dative plural)
nī́kēis (dative plural)
nī́kais (dative plural)
νῑ́κην (accusative singular)
νῑ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
νῑ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
νῑ́κη (singular vocative)
νῑ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
νῖκαι (plural vocative)

The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *neyk- (“to attack, run at”) and cognate with νεῖκος (neîkos, “quarrel, strife”), Lithuanian ap-nìkti (“to attack”); however, Beekes is semantically unconvinced, and prefers to take the word as Pre-Greek.

der

the act of winning: victory, success [with genitive ‘over, in something’]

things won in victory, fruits of victory

the act of winning: victory, success
the upper hand, advantage


μύκης

grc-noun

μῠ́κης • (múkēs) m (genitive μῠ́κητος); third declension

μῠ́κης (canonical)
múkēs (romanization)
μῠ́κητος (genitive)
ὁ μῠ́κης (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́κητε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́κητες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠ́κητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠκήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠκήτων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠ́κητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠκήτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠ́κησῐ (dative plural)
μῠ́κησῐν (dative plural)
toîs múkēsi (dative plural)
toîs múkēsin (dative plural)
τὸν μῠ́κητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́κητε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠ́κητᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠ́κης (singular vocative)
μῠ́κητε (dual vocative)
μῠ́κητες (plural vocative)

Greek: μύκητας (mýkitas)

→ Italian: micete

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܩܝܛܐ, ܡܝܘܩܝܛܐܣ

Translingual: Mycetozoa (taxonomic infraphylum)

Traditionally taken to be a formation in -ητ- from Proto-Indo-European *mew-k- (“slip, slime”), the same root of Latin mūcus (“snivel”); for the development of meaning, compare Proto-Slavic *glìva (“fungus”) beside Lithuanian gléivės (“slime”), from *gleh₁y- (“to be smeary”).

der

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
chape or cap at the end of a scabbard

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
penis

fleshy excrescence, such as forms on wounds

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
(botany) excrescence on trees

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
excrescence on trees

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
stump of an olive cut down

any mushroom-shaped object, hence:
snuff of a lamp-wick


φῶς

grc-noun

φῶς • (phôs) n (genitive φωτός); third declension

phôs (romanization)
φωτός (genitive)
τὸ φῶς (nominative singular)
τὼ φῶτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φῶτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φωτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ φωτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φωσῐ́ (dative plural)
φωσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs phōsí (dative plural)
toîs phōsín (dative plural)
τὸ φῶς (accusative singular)
τὼ φῶτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φῶτᾰ (accusative plural)
φῶς (singular vocative)
φῶτε (dual vocative)
φῶτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Some writers use a mixture of the uncontracted forms (given at <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">φᾰ́ος</i> (pháos)) and the contracted forms (given here).


μέλι

grc-noun

μέλῐ • (méli) n (genitive μέλῐτος); third declension

μέλῐ (canonical)
méli (romanization)
μέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ μέλῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ μέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ μέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
μέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mélisi (dative plural)
toîs mélisin (dative plural)
τὸ μέλῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ μέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
μέλῐ (singular vocative)
μέλῐτε (dual vocative)
μέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέλι (méli)

Mariupol Greek: мел (mjel)

→ Hawaiian: meli

From Proto-Hellenic *méli, from Proto-Indo-European *mélit (“honey”). Cognates include Latin mel, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 (miliþ), and Old Armenian մեղր (mełr).


χώρα

χώρᾱ • (khṓrā) f (genitive χώρᾱς); first declension

χώρᾱ (canonical)
khṓrā (romanization)
χώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ χώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χώραις (dative plural)
τὴν χώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χώρᾱς (accusative plural)
χώρᾱ (singular vocative)
χώρᾱ (dual vocative)
χῶραι (plural vocative)

→ Aromanian: hoarã

desc

→ Bulgarian: хо́ра (hóra, “people, community”)

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܘܪܐ (kōrā), ܟܘܪ (kōr)
→ Arabic: كُورَة (kūra)
→ Old Armenian: քորայ (kʻoray)

→ Coptic: ⲭⲱⲣⲁ (khōra)

Greek: χώρα (chóra)

Mariupol Greek: хора (xora)

English: isochoric

English: epichoric

Of uncertain origin. Beekes compares χήρα (khḗra, “widow”), assuming common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind”), with original meaning "unoccupied (left-behind) space". This is far from certain, however.
Older theories take the word as possibly loaned from a Pre-Greek substrate or other regional language. Has been tentatively and inconclusively compared with χᾰ́ος (kháos, “empty space, abyss, chasm”) as well as χατέω (khatéō, “to lack, miss, need, desire”); Beekes dismisses these connections as unfounded, particularly that with χατέω (khatéō).


κόσμος

grc-noun

κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension

kósmos (romanization)
κόσμου (genitive)
ὁ κόσμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόσμω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόσμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόσμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόσμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόσμων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόσμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόσμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόσμοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόσμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόσμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόσμους (accusative plural)
κόσμε (singular vocative)
κόσμω (dual vocative)
κόσμοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)

→ English: cosmos

→ French: cosmos

Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)

Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)

→ Polish: kosmos

→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)

From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens- (“to announce, put in order”). Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).

κόσμησις

κοσμέω (kosméō)


μηχανή

grc-noun

μηχᾰνή • (mēkhanḗ) f (genitive μηχᾰνῆς); first declension

μηχᾰνή (canonical)
mēkhanḗ (romanization)
μηχᾰνῆς (genitive)
ἡ μηχᾰνή (nominative singular)
τὼ μηχᾰνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μηχᾰναί (nominative plural)
τῆς μηχᾰνῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηχᾰναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηχᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μηχᾰνῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηχᾰναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μηχᾰναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μηχᾰνήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μηχᾰνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μηχᾰνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μηχᾰνή (singular vocative)
μηχᾰνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μηχᾰναί (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
ταὶ μᾱχᾰναί (nominative plural)
τᾶς μᾱχᾰνᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱχᾰναῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν μᾱχᾰνᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ μᾱχᾰνᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱχᾰναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾱχᾰναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (singular vocative)
μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μᾱχᾰναί (plural vocative)

Greek: μηχανή (michaní)

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܐܟܢܐ

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲭⲁⲛⲏ (mēkhanē)

→ Old Armenian: մեքենայ (mekʻenay)

Armenian: մեքենա (mekʻena)

→ Pashto: مېچن (mēčə́n)

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”), with cognates including Old Church Slavonic могѫ (mogǫ) and Old English magan, miht, mæġen (English may, might, main). See also Μάγος (Mágos).
Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, based on the infix -αν- (-an-), as well as formal difficulties in deriving the word's ablauting paradigm from *megʰ-, and considers it a doublet of Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon, “charm, block (wheelbox)”).


μουσική

grc-noun

μουσῐκή • (mousikḗ) f (genitive μουσῐκῆς); first declension

μουσῐκή (canonical)
mousikḗ (romanization)
μουσῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ μουσῐκή (nominative singular)
τὼ μουσῐκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μουσῐκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς μουσῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μουσῐκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μουσῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μουσῐκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μουσῐκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μουσῐκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μουσῐκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μουσῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μουσῐκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μουσῐκή (singular vocative)
μουσῐκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μουσῐκαί (plural vocative)

desc

Arabic: مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā)

Arabic: مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā)

Greek: μουσική (mousikí)

Pontic Greek: μουσική (mousikí)

→ Latin: mūsica (see there for further descendants)

By ellipsis from μουσικὴ τέχνη (mousikḕ tékhnē) from μουσικός (mousikós, “musical”) from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”).

any of the Muses' arts, especially music and lyrical poetry set to music


χάλιξ

grc-noun

χᾰ́λῐξ • (khálix) m or f (genitive χᾰ́λῐκος); third declension

χᾰ́λῐξ (canonical)
khálix (romanization)
χᾰ́λῐκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χᾰ́λῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́λῐκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χᾰ́λῐκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χᾰ́λῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χᾰ́λῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χᾰ́λῐξῐ (dative plural)
χᾰ́λῐξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs khálixi (dative plural)
taîs khálixin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χᾰ́λῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́λῐκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́λῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́λῐξ (singular vocative)
χᾰ́λῐκε (dual vocative)
χᾰ́λῐκες (plural vocative)

Unknown, perhaps Pre-Greek. Probably cognate, ancestor, or descendant of Latin calx (“limestone, chalk”).

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 213

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Gout 226

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.93

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cimon 13.7

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 5.4.6

414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 839

gravel, rubble (used in building and concrete making)


μελῳδία

μελῳδῐ́ᾱ • (melōidíā) f (genitive μελῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
melōidíā (romanization)
μελῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μελῳδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μελῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελῳδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελῳδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελῳδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελῳδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μελῳδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελῳδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μελῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μελῳδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: μελωδία (melodía)

→ Latin: melōdia (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: մեղեդի (mełedi)

Russian: мелодия (melodija)

From μελῳδός (melōidós, “musical”) + -ία (-ía), from μέλος (mélos) "musical phrase" + ᾠδή (ōidḗ), contracted form of ἀοιδή (aoidḗ) "song".


βασιλεύς

grc-noun

βᾰσῐλεύς • (basileús) m (genitive βᾰσῐλέως); third declension

βᾰσῐλεύς (canonical)
basileús (romanization)
βᾰσῐλέως (genitive)
ὁ βᾰσῐλεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰσῐλῆς (nominative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰσῐλέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰσῐλεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs basileûsi (dative plural)
toîs basileûsin (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰσῐλέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰσῐλέᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆ (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆς (plural vocative)
βᾰσῐλεῖς (plural vocative)
βᾰσῐλεύς (nominative singular)
βᾰσῐλῆε (dual nominative)
βᾰσῐλῆες (nominative plural)
βᾰσῐλῆος (genitive singular)
βᾰσῐλέος (genitive singular)
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν (dual genitive)
βᾰσῐλήων (genitive plural)
βᾰσῐλῆῐ̈ (dative singular)
βᾰσῐλέῐ̈ (dative singular)
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν (dative dual)
βᾰσῐλήεσσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλήεσσῐν (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν (dative plural)
basilḗessi (dative plural)
basilḗessin (dative plural)
basileûsi (dative plural)
basileûsin (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλῆᾰ (accusative singular)
βᾰσῐλέᾰ (accusative singular)
βᾰσῐλῆε (accusative dual)
βᾰσῐλῆᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆε (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βᾰσῐλῆς, βᾰσῐλεῖς

→ Arabic: باسل

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ (basileus)

desc

→ English: basileus, basilean, basileolatry, basilolatry

Greek: βασιλεύς (vasiléfs), βασιλέας (vasiléas), βασιλιάς (vasiliás)

Mariupol Greek: васлэ́яс (vasléjas)

→ Medieval Latin: basileus

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷatiléus, with σ (s) developing by assibilation. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄 (qa-si-re-u), that is, *gʷasileus. Further etymology uncertain. Multiple Indo-European etymologies have been advanced, while Beekes considers it Pre-Greek in origin. Possibly from an Anatolian language (see Lydian 𐤡𐤠𐤯𐤯𐤬𐤳 (pattoš, “king”)), although the Mycenaean (Linear B) evidence points to an original form with initial gʷ.
Case-forms show Attic shortening of the original stem βασιληϝ- (basilēw-); see quantitative metathesis.


ἵππος

grc-noun

ῐ̔́ππος • (híppos) m or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension

ῐ̔́ππος (canonical)
híppos (romanization)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)
ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
ῐ̔πποῖο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔ππόο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dual genitive)
ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dative dual)
ῐ̔́πποισῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποισῐν (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
híppoisi (dative plural)
híppoisin (dative plural)
híppois (dative plural)
ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίππος (íppos)

→ English: hippo-

→ French: hippo-

→ Italian: ippo-

→ Portuguese: hipo-

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Old English eoh, and Old Irish ech.

ἴκκος

mentioned only in the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum

καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ [ὁ] Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ
kaì eîdon, kaì idoù híppos khlōrós, kaì ho kathḗmenos epánō autoû ónoma autôi [ho] Thánatos, kaì ho hádēs ēkoloúthei met' autoû

And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. (KJV)


θάλασσα

θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ • (thálassa) f (genitive θᾰλᾰ́σσης); first declension

θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (canonical)
thálassa (romanization)
θᾰλᾰ́σσης (genitive)
θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (nominative singular)
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι (nominative plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσης (genitive singular)
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιῐν (dual genitive)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃῐν (dual genitive)
thalássain (dual genitive)
thalássaiin (dual genitive)
thalássēiin (dual genitive)
θᾰλᾰσσᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
θᾰλᾰσσέ͜ων (genitive plural)
θᾰλᾰσσῶν (genitive plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃ (dative singular)
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dative dual)
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιῐν (dative dual)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃῐν (dative dual)
thalássain (dative dual)
thalássaiin (dative dual)
thalássēiin (dative dual)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐ (dative plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐν (dative plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃς (dative plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσαις (dative plural)
thalássēisi (dative plural)
thalássēisin (dative plural)
thalássēis (dative plural)
thalássais (dative plural)
θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν (accusative singular)
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (singular vocative)
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι (plural vocative)
ἡ θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θᾰ́λᾰσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θᾰλᾰ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰλᾰσσέων (genitive plural)
θᾰλᾰσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θᾰλᾰ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐ (dative plural)
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi thalássēisi (dative plural)
têisi thalássēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (singular vocative)
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ σᾰ́λᾰσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν θᾰλᾰσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰλᾰ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰλᾰ́σσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ (singular vocative)
σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰ́λᾰσσαι (plural vocative)

Albanian: tallaz

desc

→ Coptic: ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (thalassa), ϩⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (halassa)

→ English: thalasso-, Thalassa

Greek:

Modern Greek: θάλασσα (thálassa)

Mariupol Greek: тъа́ласа (θálasa)

Tsakonian: θάσσα (thássa)

→ Latin: Thalassa

→ Romani: talaso

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طالاز (talaz), طلاس (talas), تالاز (talaz)
→ Romanian: talaz
→ Serbo-Croatian: tȁlās / та̏ла̄с

According to Beekes, a Pre-Greek substrate borrowing tentatively reconstructed as *talakʸa; the element "-σσ-", as well as the local geographic meaning, points to a Pre-Greek origin. Compare the possible cognate Luwian 𒀀𒆷𒀸𒊭𒄠𒈪𒅖 (/alassammis/).
Older theories related the word to ἅλς (háls, “salt”), cf. Latin sāl (“salt”), salum (“sea”), Salacia (“sea goddess”).


ἐραστής

grc-noun

ἐρᾰστής • (erastḗs) m (genitive ἐρᾰστοῦ); first declension

ἐρᾰστής (canonical)
erastḗs (romanization)
ἐρᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐρᾰστής (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρᾰσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρᾰσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρᾰστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρᾰσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρᾰσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρᾰστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρᾰστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἐρᾰστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἐρᾰσταί (plural vocative)

ἐράω (eráō, “to love”) + -στης (-stēs, masculine agentive suffix)


παιδιά

grc-noun

παιδῐᾱ́ • (paidiā́) f (genitive παιδῐᾶς); first declension

παιδῐᾱ́ (canonical)
paidiā́ (romanization)
παιδῐᾶς (genitive)
ἡ παιδῐᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ παιδῐᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ παιδῐαί (nominative plural)
τῆς παιδῐᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν παιδῐαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν παιδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ παιδῐᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν παιδῐαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς παιδῐαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν παιδῐᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ παιδῐᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παιδῐᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
παιδῐᾱ́ (singular vocative)
παιδῐᾱ́ (dual vocative)
παιδῐαί (plural vocative)

From παίζω (paízō, “I play”), from παῖς (paîs, “child”).


ἐρώμενος

ἐρώμενος • (erṓmenos) m (genitive ἐρωμένου); second declension

erṓmenos (romanization)
ἐρωμένου (genitive)
ὁ ἐρώμενος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρωμένω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρώμενοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρωμένου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρωμένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρωμένων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρωμένῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρωμένοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρωμένοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρώμενον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρωμένω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρωμένους (accusative plural)
ἐρώμενε (singular vocative)
ἐρωμένω (dual vocative)
ἐρώμενοι (plural vocative)

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 8.36

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239a

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 737

he who is loved, one’s (male) beloved; an eromenos


ἀνήρ

ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

ᾰ̓νήρ (canonical)
anḗr (romanization)
ᾰ̓νδρός (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
toîs andrási (dative plural)
toîs andrásin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́νερ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́νδρε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́νδρες (plural vocative)
ᾱ̓νήρ (nominative singular)
ᾱ̓νέρε (dual nominative)
ᾱ̓νέρες (nominative plural)
ᾱ̓νέρος (genitive singular)
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν (dual genitive)
ᾱ̓νέρων (genitive plural)
ᾱ̓νέρῐ (dative singular)
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν (dative dual)
ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐν (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
ā́ndressi (dative plural)
ā́ndressin (dative plural)
andrási (dative plural)
andrásin (dative plural)
ᾱ̓νέρᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾱ̓νέρε (accusative dual)
ᾱ̓νέρᾰς (accusative plural)
ἆνερ (singular vocative)
ᾱ̓νέρε (dual vocative)
ᾱ̓νέρες (plural vocative)
ὡνήρ (nominative singular)
ὧνδρες (nominative plural)
τᾱ̓νδρός (genitive singular)
τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾱ̔νήρ (nominative singular)
ἇνδρες (nominative plural)
τᾱ̓νδρός (genitive singular)
τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ (dative singular)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ(ν)

ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ(ν), ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ(ν)

Greek: άνδρας (ándras)

Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.

τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε

Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her

tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te

ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.
akíndunoi d’ aretaì
oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10

But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.


σπόγγος

grc-noun

σπόγγος • (spóngos) m (genitive σπόγγου); second declension

spóngos (romanization)
σπόγγου (genitive)
ὁ σπόγγος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπόγγω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόγγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπόγγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπόγγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπόγγων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπόγγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπόγγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπόγγοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόγγον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπόγγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπόγγους (accusative plural)
σπόγγε (singular vocative)
σπόγγω (dual vocative)
σπόγγοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: إِسْفَنْج (ʔisfanj) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Aramaic: אספוגא
Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܘܓܐ (ʾespōḡā)

→ Hebrew: ספוג (səfog)

→ Old Armenian: սպունգ (spung)
Armenian: սպունգ (spung)

⇒ Greek: σφουγγάρι (sfoungári) (see there for further descendants)

Together with Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”) and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree-mushroom”) a Mediterranean–Pontic Pre-Greek substrate loanword.


λεπίδα

head

λεπίδα • (lepída)


βασίλεια

grc-noun

βασίλειᾰ • (basíleia) f (genitive βασιλείᾱς); first declension

βασίλειᾰ (canonical)
basíleia (romanization)
βασιλείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βασίλειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βασιλείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βασίλειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βασιλείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βασιλείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βασιλειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βασιλείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βασιλείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βασιλείαις (dative plural)
τὴν βασίλειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βασιλείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βασιλείᾱς (accusative plural)
βασίλειᾰ (singular vocative)
βασιλείᾱ (dual vocative)
βασίλειαι (plural vocative)

From βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”) + -ιᾰ (-ia, feminine ending); see also -εια (-eia). Intervocalic ι (i) developed from a sonorant cluster /wj/, which assimilated to /jj/, then became the second element in the diphthong ει (ei). The formation is thus *βασίλεϝ-ι̯ᾰ (*basílew-i̯a) > *βασίλει̯-ι̯ᾰ (*basílei̯-i̯a) > βασίλειᾰ (basíleia).


δίνη

grc-noun

δῑ́νη • (dī́nē) f (genitive δῑ́νης); first declension

δῑ́νη (canonical)
dī́nē (romanization)
δῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ δῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ δῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν δῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ δῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
δῑ́νη (singular vocative)
δῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
δῖναι (plural vocative)

In view of the lack of a good etymology, Beekes considers the possibility of a Pre-Greek origin.


γῆ

γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension

gê (romanization)
γῆς (genitive)
ἡ γῆ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (dual nominative)
αἱ γαῖ (nominative plural)
γέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῶν (genitive plural)
γεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γεαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γῆν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾶς (accusative plural)
γέᾱς (accusative plural)
γῆ (singular vocative)
γᾶ (dual vocative)
γαῖ (plural vocative)
γέαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γᾶ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γαῖ (nominative plural)
τᾶς γᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γᾶν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾶς (accusative plural)
γᾶ (singular vocative)
γᾶ (dual vocative)
γαῖ (plural vocative)

Greek: γη (gi)

From a pre-Indo-European Pre-Greek substrate; the proto-form was likely something similar to *gaya, which contracted to *gā at a very early date. The names Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr) and Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn) also Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 (e-ne-si-da-o-ne, “earthshaking (epithet of Poseidon)”) point to an alternative form *δᾶ (*dâ).


ἄγγελος

grc-noun

ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension

ángelos (romanization)
ᾰ̓γγέλου (genitive)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἀγγέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοισῐν (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
toîsi angéloisi (dative plural)
toîsi angéloisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
angélois (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
ἀγγελοῖο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοιο (genitive singular)
ἀγγελόο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
ἀγγέλοιῐν (dative dual)
ἀγγέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοισῐν (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
angéloisi (dative plural)
angéloisin (dative plural)
angélois (dative plural)
ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
τοὶ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλοιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άγγελος (ángelos)

→ Aghwan: 𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚 (angelos)

→ Aramaic: אנגליא (ˀnglyˀ)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aggilus)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (aggelos)

→ Latin: angelus (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: анг҄елъ (angʹelŭ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Georgian: ანგელოზი (angelozi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: я́нгол (jánhol)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro), with further origin uncertain. Probably a loanword, likely related to ἄγγᾰρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”) (whence Latin angarius), which is perhaps from an Asian language. Klein suggests a Semitic origin; note 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) and ܐܓܪܬܐ (ˀeggarṯā, “letter, document”, from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu, “inscribed tablet; contract”)). Compare also Sanskrit अजिर (ajira, “agile, swift”), Sanskrit अञ्जि (añji, “commander, sender”) and Sanskrit अञ्जस् (añjas, “speed, velocity”).
The religious sense is a semantic loan from Biblical Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ).


κόρη

grc-noun

κόρη • (kórē) f (genitive κόρης); first declension

kórē (romanization)
κόρης (genitive)
ἡ κόρη (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κόρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόραις (dative plural)
τὴν κόρην (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόρᾱς (accusative plural)
κόρη (singular vocative)
κόρᾱ (dual vocative)
κόραι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόρη f (kóri)

→ English: kore, korephilia

→ Finnish: kore

→ Polish: kora f

From Proto-Hellenic *kórwā, whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀷 (ko-wa). In this word, ᾱ (ā) shifted to η (ē) in Attic (see Attic–Ionic vowel shift on Wikipedia) because of the preceding ϝ (w). In words like ὥρᾱ (hṓrā), ρ prevented ᾱ from shifting to η, because there was no intervening ϝ (w).
Probably related to κορίζομαι (korízomai, “to caress, care for”). From *ḱerh₃- (“to feed, grow”), related to κορέννυμι (korénnumi, “to satisfy”).


ἄνθρωπος

ἄνθρωπος • (ánthrōpos) m or f (genitive ἀνθρώπου); second declension

ánthrōpos (romanization)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
toîsi anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
toîsi anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
têisi anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
têisi anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: άνθρωπος (ánthropos, “man”)

→ English: Anthropos (learned)

First attested in Hellenic as Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀵𐀫𐀦 (a-to-ro-qo), of uncertain origin. Scholars used to consider it to be a compound from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) and ὤψ (ṓps, “face, appearance, look”): thus, "he who looks like a man". However, a δ (d) would be expected to develop by epenthesis, as in the genitive ἀνδρός (andrós), yielding *ἀνδρωπος (*andrōpos). Rosén defends this etymology, positing that the original laryngeal *h₃ in the root for ὤψ (ṓps) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs) changed the δ to its aspirated counterpart θ even across the intervening ρ.
Beekes argues that since no convincing Indo-European etymology has been found, the word is probably of Pre-Greek origin; he connects the word with the word δρώψ (drṓps, “man”). According to Beekes (2009:xxix), "Shift of aspiration is found in some cases: θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη".
Garnier proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰéreh₃kʷós (“that which is below”) (from *n̥dʰér + *-h₃kʷ-o-), hence "earthly, human", for this compare with Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) whence Latin homō, Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”), Old English guma (“man”).
The word is treated in Plato's Cratylus.

lang

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

inh

human being, person (as differentiated from gods, beasts, etc.); man, woman

(sometimes in the plural) all human beings, mankind


τέρας

grc-noun

τέρᾰς • (téras) n (genitive τέρᾰτος); third declension

τέρᾰς (canonical)
téras (romanization)
τέρᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τεράᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τέρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τέρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs térasi (dative plural)
toîs térasin (dative plural)
τὸ τέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τεράᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρᾰς (singular vocative)
τέρᾰτε (dual vocative)
τέρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τεράᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τέρᾰε (dual nominative)
τέρᾰᾰ (nominative plural)
τέρᾱ (nominative plural)
τέρᾰος (genitive singular)
τερᾰ́οιν (dual genitive)
τερᾰ́ων (genitive plural)
τέρᾰῐ̈ (dative singular)
τερᾰ́οιν (dative dual)
τεράεσσι (dative plural)
τεράεσσιν (dative plural)
teráessi (dative plural)
teráessin (dative plural)
τέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τέρᾰε (accusative dual)
τέρᾰᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρᾱ (accusative plural)
τέρᾰς (singular vocative)
τέρᾰε (dual vocative)
τέρᾰᾰ (plural vocative)
τέρᾱ (plural vocative)
τὸ τέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρει (dual nominative)
τέρεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τέρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέρεος (genitive singular)
τέρευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερέων (genitive plural)
τερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τέρει (dative singular)
τέρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν τέρεσῐ (dative plural)
τέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi téresi (dative plural)
toîsi téresin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ τέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρει (accusative dual)
τέρεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρᾰς (singular vocative)
τέρει (dual vocative)
τέρεε (dual vocative)
τέρεᾰ (plural vocative)
τέρᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

τέρᾰτᾰ, τεράᾰτᾰ

τερέων, τερῶν

→ English: teras

Greek: τέρας (téras)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, perform (magic, etc.)”). See also Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).


πίθηκος

grc-noun

πῐ́θηκος • (píthēkos) m (genitive πῐθήκου); second declension

πῐ́θηκος (canonical)
píthēkos (romanization)
πῐθήκου (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́θηκος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐθήκω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́θηκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐθήκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐθήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐθήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐθήκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐθήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐθήκοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́θηκον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐθήκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐθήκους (accusative plural)
πῐ́θηκε (singular vocative)
πῐθήκω (dual vocative)
πῐ́θηκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πίθηκος (píthikos)

→ English: pitheco-

→ Latin: pithēcus

→ Russian: пите́к (piték)

→ Translingual: Pithecus, -pithecus

→ Sicilian: pitecu, pitichinu

Uncertain. Commonly connected with Latin foedus (“ugly”). Beekes argues for an origin as a substrate loan-word or perhaps Pre-Greek. The same suffix can be found in ἱέραξ (hiérax, “falcon”) and μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


λαιμός

λαιμός • (laimós) m (genitive λαιμοῦ); second declension

laimós (romanization)
λαιμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λαιμός (nominative singular)
τὼ λαιμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λαιμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λαιμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαιμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαιμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λαιμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαιμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λαιμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λαιμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λαιμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λαιμούς (accusative plural)
λαιμέ (singular vocative)
λαιμώ (dual vocative)
λαιμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: λαιμός (laimós)

Likely of Pre-Greek origin, based on Furnée's comparison with λαιφός (laiphós) and λαιφάσσω (laiphássō, “to swallow, gulp down”) and the observed μ/φ variation. Possibly related also to λαῖπος (laîpos).


διάβολος

δῐᾰ́βολος • (diábolos) m (genitive δῐᾰβόλου); second declension

δῐᾰ́βολος (canonical)
diábolos (romanization)
δῐᾰβόλου (genitive)
ὁ δῐᾰ́βολος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰβόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐᾰ́βολοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐᾰβόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰβόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰβόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐᾰβόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰβόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐᾰβόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐᾰ́βολον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰβόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐᾰβόλους (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́βολε (singular vocative)
δῐᾰβόλω (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́βολοι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάβολος (diávolos)

Mariupol Greek: дъа́вулус (ðávulus)

desctree

→? Arabic: إبليس (ʔiblīs)
→ Azerbaijani: iblis
→ Bashkir: иблис (iblis)
→ English: Iblis, Iblees, Eblis
→ Indonesian: iblis
→ Kazakh: ібіліс (ıbılıs)
→ Kyrgyz: ибилис (ibilis)
→ Northern Kurdish: îblîs
→ Ottoman Turkish: ابلیس (iblis)
> Turkish: iblis (inherited)
→ Swahili: Ibilisi
→ Tatar: иблис (iblis)
→ Toba Batak: ᯘᯪᯅᯬᯞᯪᯘ᯲ (sibolis)
→ Uyghur: ئىبلىس (iblis)
→ Uzbek: iblis
→ Yoruba: bìlísì

→ Coptic: ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (diabolos)

desc

→ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌿𐍃 (diabaulus), 𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌰 (diabula)

→ Latin: diabolus (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Church Slavonic: диꙗволъ (dijavolŭ), дїаволъ (diavolŭ), диꙗволь (dijavolĭ), дьѣволъ (dĭěvolŭ)
Bulgarian: дя́вол (djávol)
→ Romanian: diavol

→ Old East Slavic: диꙗволъ (dijavolŭ)

Russian: дья́вол (dʹjávol)

Ukrainian: дия́вол (dyjávol)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ђа̏вао, ђа̏во̄

Latin script: đȁvao, đȁvō

From διαβάλλω (diabállō, “I slander”, from δια- (dia-, “through”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”)).
For the meaning development, compare Russian кида́ла (kidála), кида́лово (kidálovo) related to кида́ть (kidátʹ).


ὑποκρίσει

head

ῠ̔ποκρῐ́σει • (hupokrísei)

ῠ̔ποκρῐ́σει (canonical)
hupokrísei (romanization)

dative singular of ῠ̔πόκρῐσῐς (hupókrisis)


κόρος

grc-noun

κόρος • (kóros) m (genitive κόρου); second declension

kóros (romanization)
κόρου (genitive)
ὁ κόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόροις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρους (accusative plural)
κόρε (singular vocative)
κόρω (dual vocative)
κόροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kórwos (“boy”) (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀺 (ko-wo)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow”); see also Old Armenian սերիմ (serim, “be born”) and սերեմ (serem, “bring forth”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “girl”) and κορέννυμι (korénnumi), Latin creō (“produce, create, bring forth”), crēscō and Ceres (“goddess of agriculture”).


κόρος

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow”).


κόρος

From Hebrew כֹּר (kor), itself from Akkadian kurru (cognate with Aramaic kor כֹּר, Syriac-Aramaic kora ܟܽܘܪܳܐ), itself from the Sumerian measure GUR.

kor (a dry measure containing 10 medimnes)


Κυριακή

head

Κυριακή • (Kuriakḗ) f

→ Coptic: ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ (kuriakē)

Greek: Κυριακή (Kyriakí)

desc

→ Old Georgian: კჳრიაკჱ (ḳwiriaḳē), კჳრაჲ (ḳwiray)

desctree

Georgian: კვირა (ḳvira)
→ Bats: კვირაჸო̆ (ḳviraʾŏ), კუჲრაჸო̆ (ḳuyraʾŏ)
→ Chechen: кӏира (kʼira)
→ Ingush: кӏира (kʼira)
→ Ossetian: къуӕре (k’wære), къуыри́ (k’°yrí)

→ Old Armenian: կիւրակէ (kiwrakē), կիրակէ (kirakē), կիրակի (kiraki), կիւրիակէ (kiwriakē)
Armenian: կիրակի (kiraki), կյուրակե (kyurake), կյուրակի (kyuraki) — dated, learned borrowings from Old Armenian
→ Turkish: gireyi, gireği
→ Zazaki: kîrye
→ Arabic: الْكُرْكِيّ (al-kurkiyy, “name of a market in Partav”)
→ Northern Kurdish: կիրակէ (kirakē)

→ Romani: kurko

→ Tat:

Lahyj: քրաքի (kʰrakʰi)

Short for ἡ Κυριακὴ ἡμέρα (hē Kuriakḕ hēméra, “the Lord's Day”), from κυριακή (kuriakḗ), feminine form of κυριακός (kuriakós, “belonging to the lord”), from κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).

(Koine, Christianity) Sunday, Lord's Day


φόβος

grc-noun

φόβος • (phóbos) m (genitive φόβου); second declension

phóbos (romanization)
φόβου (genitive)
ὁ φόβος (nominative singular)
τὼ φόβω (dual nominative)
οἱ φόβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φόβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φόβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φόβων (genitive plural)
τῷ φόβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φόβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φόβοις (dative plural)
τὸν φόβον (accusative singular)
τὼ φόβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φόβους (accusative plural)
φόβε (singular vocative)
φόβω (dual vocative)
φόβοι (plural vocative)
φόβος (nominative singular)
φόβω (dual nominative)
φόβοι (nominative plural)
φόβου (genitive singular)
φοβοῖο (genitive singular)
φόβοιο (genitive singular)
φοβόο (genitive singular)
φόβοο (genitive singular)
φόβοιῐν (dual genitive)
φόβων (genitive plural)
φόβῳ (dative singular)
φόβοιῐν (dative dual)
φόβοισῐ (dative plural)
φόβοισῐν (dative plural)
φόβοις (dative plural)
phóboisi (dative plural)
phóboisin (dative plural)
phóbois (dative plural)
φόβον (accusative singular)
φόβω (accusative dual)
φόβους (accusative plural)
φόβε (singular vocative)
φόβω (dual vocative)
φόβοι (plural vocative)

Greek: φόβος (fóvos)

desc

Mariupol Greek: фо́вус (fóvus), фо́вос (fóvos)

English: -phobia, phobia

Esperanto: fobio

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰógʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰógʷos, from *bʰegʷ- (“to run, flee”). See φέβομαι (phébomai, “to flee”) for more.


ἄστρον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́στρον • (ástron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́στρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́στρον (canonical)
ástron (romanization)
ᾰ̓́στρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́στρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́στρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́στρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́στροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́στρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́στρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́στροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́στροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́στρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́στρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́στρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́στρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: astro-

→ Latin: astrum (see there for further descendants)

Greek: άστρο (ástro)


γράμμα

γράμμα • (grámma) n (genitive γράμματος); third declension

grámma (romanization)
γράμματος (genitive)

→ Albanian: gërmë

>? Albanian: gërmoj

→ Belarusian: гра́мата (hrámata)

→ Bulgarian: грамота́ (gramotá)

→ Czech: gramota

Greek: γράμμα (grámma)

→ Latvian: grāmata

→ Lithuanian: grõmata

→ Polish: gramota

→ Russian: гра́мота (grámota)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̀мата

Latin script: gràmata

→ Slovak: gramota

→ Ukrainian: гра́мота (hrámota)

From γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).

suffix

that which is written, that which is drawn, picture


γράμμα

grámma (romanization)
γράμματος (genitive)
τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γρᾰ́μμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γρᾰμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γρᾰ́μμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs grámmasi (dative plural)
toîs grámmasin (dative plural)
τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γρᾰ́μμᾰ (singular vocative)
γρᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

There are two theories:
* It was taken from Latin scrūpulus, which in its meaning, "smallest division of weight", was more frequently written scrūpulum, scrīpulum, and by some fancied derivation from scrīptum was written scrīptulum, scrīptlum. Hence it was later translated in Ancient Greek as γράμμα from γράφω (gráphō, “to write”), as scrīptulum from scrībō (“to write”).
* It was a Semitic borrowing, with the measure tallied to the stones or pits of small fruits, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרוֹם (grūm, “kernel”), Classical Syriac ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ (grūmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”), Arabic جَرَام (jarām, “date-stone”), related to the common גַּרְמָא / ܓܰܪܡܳܐ (garmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”).

cog

a kind of small weight, 1/24 of an ounce, scruple


γραμματική

grc-noun

γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή • (grammatikḗ) f (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῆς); first declension

γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή (canonical)
grammatikḗ (romanization)
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή (nominative singular)
τὼ γρᾰμμᾰτῐκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ γρᾰμμᾰτῐκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰτῐκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰτῐκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γρᾰμμᾰτῐκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γρᾰμμᾰτῐκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ γρᾰμμᾰτῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γρᾰμμᾰτῐκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή (singular vocative)
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκαί (plural vocative)

Greek: γραμματική (grammatikí)

As an animate noun, a feminisation of γραμματικός (grammatikós, “teacher of the rudiments, grammarian”) and as an inanimate noun, an ellipsis of γραμματικὴ τέχνη (grammatikḕ tékhnē, “grammatical art, grammar”).

animate senses:
a female teacher of the rudiments

a woman who occupies herself with literary texts, a female grammarian or critic

inanimate senses:
the faculty of scholarship

inanimate senses:
alphabet, script, writing


μαστός

μᾰστός • (mastós) m (genitive μᾰστοῦ); second declension

μᾰστός (canonical)
mastós (romanization)
μᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μᾰστός (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰστούς (accusative plural)
μᾰστέ (singular vocative)
μᾰστώ (dual vocative)
μᾰστοί (plural vocative)

→ English: mastos

Perhaps related to μαδάω (madáō, “to be moist”). If so, then from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet, glossy, fat, well-fed”).

der

(anatomy) (especially of women) The human breast.

(zootomy, rarely) (of animals) An udder.

(especially of women) The human breast.
(of animals) An udder.

The breast. (of all mammals, in general)

(figurative) Any round, breast-shaped object:

Any round, breast-shaped object:
A round hill or knoll.

A round piece of wool fastened to the edge of nets.

(among the Paphians) A breast-shaped cup.

Any round, breast-shaped object:
A breast-shaped cup.


παῖς

grc-noun

παῖς • (paîs) m or f (genitive παιδός); third declension

paîs (romanization)
παιδός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ παῖς (nominative singular)
τὼ παῖδε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ παῖδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς παιδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν παίδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παίδων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ παιδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν παίδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς παισῐ́ (dative plural)
παισῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs paisí (dative plural)
taîs paisín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν παῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ παῖδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς παῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
παῖ (singular vocative)
παῖδε (dual vocative)
παῖδες (plural vocative)

Greek: παιδί (paidí), -παις (-pais)

From Proto-Hellenic *pā́wits. Cognates include Latin puer, Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá, “son”), and Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra, “son”).


φιλία

φῐλῐ́ᾱ • (philíā) f (genitive φῐλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

φῐλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
philíā (romanization)
φῐλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φῐλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῐλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῐλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς φῐλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῐλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῐλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῐλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῐλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῐλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν φῐλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῐλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῐλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
φῐλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
φῐλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
φῐλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

English: -philia

Greek: φιλία (filía)

From φῐλέω (philéō, “to love”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 8.15, (Compare Plato, Symposium 179C, Phaedrus 237C, 255E)

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 9B

Antidotus 130

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 185C

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hiero 3.7

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 14.9

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.6.3, (Compare Isocrates, Collected Works 352B)

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 306, (Compare Andocides, Collected Works 27.10)

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.130

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.6.29

428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 253

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.1.28

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.2.8

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 237C

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 214D

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 424A

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 1102

438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 930

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 302E

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 114.2

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 118B

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.5, (Compare 6.34, 6.78)

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 304E

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.10

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 823B

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, 88 D

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 100C

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.91

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 600.1102

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.29

408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 138

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.82

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 182C

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 2.7.13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 4.6.5

friendliness, kindliness, without any affection

Lxx, Proverbs 5.19

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 581A

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 3.7.10

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 8.1.3

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1.4.2

regarded as the natural force which unites discordant elements and movements, as νεῖκος (neîkos) keeps them apart


ἄλφα

Greek: άλφα (álfa)

→ Arabic: أَلْفَا (ʔalfā)

→ Asturian: alfa

→ Bulgarian: алфа (alfa)

→ Catalan: alfa

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܠܦܐ (ʾalpā)

→ Czech: alfa

→ Dutch: alfa

→ English: alpha

→ Finnish: alfa

→ French: alpha

→ Galician: alfa

→ Ge'ez: አልፋ (ʾälfa)

→ German: Alpha

→ Hindi: अल्फ़ा (alfā) (perhaps via Arabic)

→ Hungarian: alfa

→ Italian: alfa

→ Irish: alfa

→ Latin: alpha

→ Macedonian: алфа (alfa)

→ Old Armenian: ալփ (alpʻ), այբ (ayb)

→ Polish: alfa

→ Portuguese: alfa

→ Russian: а́льфа (álʹfa)

→ Serbo-Croatian: а̏лфа (ȁlfa)

→ Slovak: alfa

→ Slovene: alfa

→ Swedish: alfa

→ Spanish: alfa

→ Ukrainian: а́льфа (álʹfa)

Borrowed from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ /ʾālep/). The letter's name is from Phoenician 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp, “bull, ox, head of cattle”).

bor

alpha, the name for the first letter Α, α of the Ancient Greek alphabet.


κλέος

grc-noun

κλέος • (kléos) n (genitive *κλέεος); third declension

From Proto-Hellenic *kléwos (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀐𐀩𐀺 (ke-re-wo)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwos.
Cognates include Sanskrit श्रवस् (śrávas), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬯 (havars), Old Armenian լու (lu), լսեմ (lsem), Old Church Slavonic слово (slovo), Old Irish clú, Welsh clywed. Compare κλύω (klúō, “I hear”) and κλέω (kléō).


πατέρας

head

πατέρας • (patéras)


δέρμα

grc-noun

δέρμᾰ • (dérma) n (genitive δέρμᾰτος); third declension

δέρμᾰ (canonical)
dérma (romanization)
δέρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δέρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δέρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δέρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δέρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δερμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δερμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δέρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δερμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δέρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δέρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dérmasi (dative plural)
toîs dérmasin (dative plural)
τὸ δέρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δέρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δέρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δέρμᾰ (singular vocative)
δέρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
δέρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→⇒ English: dermato-

Greek: δέρμα (dérma)

δέρω (dérō, “to skin, flay”) + -μᾰ (-ma)


μητέρα

grc-noun form

μητέρα • (mētéra)


κόλπος

grc-noun

κόλπος • (kólpos) m (genitive κόλπου); second declension

kólpos (romanization)
κόλπου (genitive)
ὁ κόλπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλπω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόλποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόλπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόλποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόλπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόλπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόλποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόλποις (dative plural)
τὸν κόλπον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόλπους (accusative plural)
κόλπε (singular vocative)
κόλπω (dual vocative)
κόλποι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κόλπος (kólpos) (learned)

→ Latin: colfus, colphus, culfus

Asturian: golfu

Catalan: golf

French: gouffre

Friulian: golf

Occitan: gòlf

Portuguese: golfo

Sicilian: gurfu

Spanish: golfo

Italian: golfo

→ German: Golf

→ Czech: golf

→ Norwegian: golf

→ Old French: golfe

French: golfe

→ Romanian: golf

→ Middle English: gulf

English: gulf

→ New Latin: colpos, colpus (learned)

→ Azerbaijani: körfəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: كورفز (körfez)

> Turkish: körfez (inherited)

→ Uyghur: كۆرپەز (körpez)

→ Uzbek: koʻrfaz

Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”), which would also be the source of Proto-Germanic *hwalfą (“vault, arch”), though Greek *πόλπος (*pólpos) would be expected, and the semantics are distant.

der

λύσασαι δὲ κόμαν καὶ ἐπὶ σφυρὰ κόλπον ἀνεῖσαι

lúsasai dè kóman kaì epì sphurà kólpon aneîsai

especially of water, the hollow between waves


γάμμα

Greek: γάμα (gáma), γάμμα (gámma)

Borrowed from Phoenician 𐤂 (g /gīml/). The letter's name is from Phoenician 𐤂𐤌𐤋 (gml, “camel”).

gamma, the name for the third letter Γ, γ of the Ancient Greek alphabet.


δέλτα

Greek: δέλτα (délta)

⇒ Latin: deltidium (New Latin)

Anecdota Bekkeri 781

delta, the name for the fourth letter Δ, δ of the Ancient Greek alphabet.

484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 2 13

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 701

86 CE – 160 CE, Arrian 5.4

425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 151


σίγμα

grc-noun

σῑ́γμᾰ • (sī́gma) n (genitive σῑ́γμᾰτος); third declension

σῑ́γμᾰ (canonical)
sī́gma (romanization)
σῑ́γμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῑ́γμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῑ́γμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῑ́γμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῑ́γμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῑ́γμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sī́gmasi (dative plural)
toîs sī́gmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σῑ́γμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῑ́γμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῑ́γμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)


πνεῦμα

πνεῦμα • (pneûma) n (genitive πνεύματος); third declension

pneûma (romanization)
πνεύματος (genitive)
τὸ πνεῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνεύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνευμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πνεύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνεύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πνεύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pneúmasi (dative plural)
toîs pneúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πνεῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πνεῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
πνεύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πνεύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Coptic: ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ (pneuma)

Greek: πνεύμα (pnévma)

Latin: pneuma

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)
From Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥, equivalent to πνευ- (pneu-), the root of πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”), + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).

etymon

inspiration (often divine inspiration), genius


δρόμος

grc-noun

δρόμος • (drómos) m (genitive δρόμου); second declension

drómos (romanization)
δρόμου (genitive)
ὁ δρόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ δρόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ δρόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν δρόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ δρόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρόμους (accusative plural)
δρόμε (singular vocative)
δρόμω (dual vocative)
δρόμοι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: δρόμος (drómos) (see there for further descendants)

Romani: drom
Caló: dron

→ English: -drome

→ English: dromos

→ French: -drome

→ Italian: dromos

→ Italian: dromo

→ Latin: dromus

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”) + -ος (-os); cognate with Sanskrit द्राति (drāti, “to run”), द्रम् (drámati, “to run”); Proto-Germanic *tradō (“way, track, spoor”). Related to δραμεῖν (drameîn), a suppletive aorist of τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).

cog

93/94, Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 1, 31, in Henry St. John Thackeray (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 4 (Jewish Antiquities, books I–IV), LCL, pages 14-17. Translation by Thackeray.
τῇ τετάρτῃ δὲ διακοσμεῖ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄστροις κινήσεις αὐτοῖς ἐπιστείλας καὶ δρόμους, οἷς ἂν αἱ τῶν ὡρῶν περιφοραὶ σημαίνοιντο.
têi tetártēi dè diakosmeî tòn ouranòn hēlíōi kaì selḗnēi kaì toîs állois ástrois kinḗseis autoîs episteílas kaì drómous, hoîs àn hai tôn hōrôn periphoraì sēmaínointo.

On the fourth he adorned the heaven with sun and moon and the other stars, prescribing their motions and courses to indicate the revolutions of the seasons.


παιδίον

grc-noun

παιδῐ́ον • (paidíon) n (genitive παιδῐ́ου); second declension

παιδῐ́ον (canonical)
paidíon (romanization)
παιδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ παιδῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ παιδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ παιδῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ παιδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν παιδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παιδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ παιδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν παιδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς παιδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ παιδῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ παιδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ παιδῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
παιδῐ́ον (singular vocative)
παιδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
παιδῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: παιδίν n (paidín)

Greek: παιδί n (paidí)

Italiot Greek: pedì n

Mariupol Greek: пидъы́ n (piðý)

→⇒ English: lithopedion

→⇒ Italian: litopedio

desctree

→? Medieval Latin: pagius m
→ Old French: page (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: paggio (perhaps from Old French)

From παῖς (paîs, “child”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


βίβλος

grc-noun

βῐ́βλος • (bíblos) f (genitive βῐ́βλου); second declension

βῐ́βλος (canonical)
bíblos (romanization)
βῐ́βλου (genitive)
ἡ βῐ́βλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βῐ́βλω (dual nominative)
αἱ βῐ́βλοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βῐ́βλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῐ́βλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῐ́βλων (genitive plural)
τῇ βῐ́βλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῐ́βλοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βῐ́βλοις (dative plural)
τὴν βῐ́βλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βῐ́βλω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βῐ́βλους (accusative plural)
βῐ́βλε (singular vocative)
βῐ́βλω (dual vocative)
βῐ́βλοι (plural vocative)

English: Bible

Greek: Βίβλος (Vívlos)


δένδρον

δένδρον • (déndron) n (genitive δένδρου); second declension

déndron (romanization)
δένδρου (genitive)
τὸ δένδρον (nominative singular)
τὼ δένδρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δένδρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δένδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δένδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δένδρων (genitive plural)
τῷ δένδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δένδροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δένδροις (dative plural)
τὸ δένδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ δένδρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δένδρᾰ (accusative plural)
δένδρον (singular vocative)
δένδρω (dual vocative)
δένδρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: dendr-

Greek: δέντρο (déntro)

Mariupol Greek: дъендро (ðjendro)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *der-drew-om with dissimilation, reduplicated from *dóru (“tree”), but this type of reduplication is highly atypical, so the formation must be regarded as uncertain. Per Janda, alternatively from a compound *dem- (“to build; house”) + *drew-, thus perhaps meaning “tree (planted near a) house”, but the semantic basis for such an assumption is weak.


ἰατρός

ῑ̓ᾱτρός • (īātrós) m (genitive ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ); second declension

ῑ̓ᾱτρός (canonical)
īātrós (romanization)
ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓ᾱτρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓ᾱτροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓ᾱτρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓ᾱτρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓ᾱτροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓ᾱτρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓ᾱτρούς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓ᾱτρέ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτροί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: γιατρός m or f (giatrós), ιατρός m or f (iatrós)

English: iatro-

iatroculture

iatrogenic

iatric, -iatrics

-iatry

Italian -iatra, -iatria

Spanish: -iatra

Polish: jatrogenny, -iatra, -iatria

From ἰάομαι (iáomai, “heal”) + -τρος (-tros, masculine agent-noun suffix).


βάπτισμα

grc-noun

βάπτισμα • (báptisma) n (genitive βαπτίσματος); third declension

báptisma (romanization)
βαπτίσματος (genitive)
τὸ βάπτισμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βαπτίσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βαπτίσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαπτίσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαπτισμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαπτισμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βαπτίσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαπτισμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαπτίσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βαπτίσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs baptísmasi (dative plural)
toîs baptísmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βάπτισμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βαπτίσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βαπτίσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βάπτισμᾰ (singular vocative)
βαπτίσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βαπτίσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ (baptisma)

Greek: βάπτισμα (váptisma)

→ Turkish: vaftiz

→ Latin: baptisma (see there for further descendants)

From βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to dip in liquid”) + -μα (-ma).


ἀγάπη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γᾰ́πη • (agápē) f (genitive ᾰ̓γᾰ́πης); first declension

ᾰ̓γᾰ́πη (canonical)
agápē (romanization)
ᾰ̓γᾰ́πης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓γᾰ́πη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γᾰ́πᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓γᾰ́παι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓γᾰ́πης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γᾰ́παιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γᾰπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓γᾰ́πῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γᾰ́παιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓γᾰ́παις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓γᾰ́πην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γᾰ́πᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓γᾰ́πᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γᾰ́πη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γᾰ́πᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γᾰ́παι (plural vocative)

Greek: αγάπη (agápi)

Mariupol Greek: ага́п (aháp)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē)

→ English: agape

desctree

→ Latin: agapē
German: Agape
Spanish: ágape
French: agape
Polish: agape
Portuguese: ágape

→ Old Georgian: აღაპი (aɣaṗi)

→ Armenian: Ագապի (Agapi)

From the verb ἀγαπάω (agapáō, “to love”).

(Christianity) specifically, the love between God and humanity, good will, benevolence

(Christianity, in the plural) Christian love feasts


ἡδονή

grc-noun

ἡδονή • (hēdonḗ) f (genitive ἡδονῆς); first declension

hēdonḗ (romanization)
ἡδονῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἡδονή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡδονᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἡδοναί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡδονῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡδοναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡδονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡδονῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡδοναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἡδοναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἡδονήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡδονᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἡδονᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἡδονή (singular vocative)
ἡδονᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἡδοναί (plural vocative)

Greek: ηδονή (idoní)

desc

English: hedonic, hedonism, hedonist, anhedonia, anhedonic

Related to ἥδομαι (hḗdomai, “to rejoice”) and ἡδῠ́ς (hēdús, “sweet”).


ἡγεμονία

grc-noun

ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ • (hēgemoníā) f (genitive ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
hēgemoníā (romanization)
ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἡγεμονῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡγεμονῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡγεμονῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡγεμονῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡγεμονῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἡγεμονῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἡγεμονῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἡγεμονῐ́αι (plural vocative)

English: hegemony

Greek: ηγεμονία (igemonía)

Italian: egemonia

Portuguese: hegemonia

Russian: гегемо́ния f (gegemónija)

Sicilian: iggimunìa

a division of the army under its officer


ἔθνος

ἔθνος • (éthnos) n (genitive ἔθνεος or ἔθνους); third declension

éthnos (romanization)
ἔθνεος (genitive)
ἔθνους (genitive)
τὸ ἔθνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔθνει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔθνη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔθνους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐθνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐθνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔθνει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐθνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔθνεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔθνεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éthnesi (dative plural)
toîs éthnesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔθνος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔθνει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔθνη (accusative plural)
ἔθνος (singular vocative)
ἔθνει (dual vocative)
ἔθνη (plural vocative)
τὸ ἔθνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔθνει (dual nominative)
ἔθνεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔθνεος (genitive singular)
ἔθνευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐθνέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐθνέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔθνει (dative singular)
ἔθνεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐθνέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἔθνεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔθνεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi éthnesi (dative plural)
toîsi éthnesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔθνος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔθνει (accusative dual)
ἔθνεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔθνος (singular vocative)
ἔθνει (dual vocative)
ἔθνεε (dual vocative)
ἔθνεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (ethnos)

→ English: ethnos

Greek: έθνος (éthnos)

→ Russian: э́тнос (étnos)

Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܗܬܢܘܣ (haṯnōs)

→ Coptic: ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)

→ Old Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʻanos)

Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʻanos)

PIE word
 *swé
Probably from Ancient Greek ἔθω (éthō, “I am accustomed, wont (to something)”) + -νος (-nos), equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ-no-, expanded from the reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).

cog

group of people: band, tribe, kin, nation

(later, in the plural) foreign nations, barbarians

(Jewish and Christian usage, in the plural) gentiles, heathen


καρδία

grc-noun

κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ • (kardíā) f (genitive κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
kardíā (romanization)
κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰρδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰρδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰρδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰρδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰρδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: καρδιά (kardiá)

Italiot Greek: cardia

Mariupol Greek: кардъи́я (karðíja)

→ English: cardia (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *kərdíyā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥díyeh₂, from *ḱérd (“heart”). Cognate with Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya), Latin cor, Old Armenian սիրտ (sirt), Old Church Slavonic срьдьце (srĭdĭce), Old English heorte (whence English heart).

heart (as the source of emotion, love, etc.)

center or inner part: pith (of wood), depth (of the sea)


θάνατος

θᾰ́νᾰτος • (thánatos) m (genitive θᾰνᾰ́του); second declension

θᾰ́νᾰτος (canonical)
thánatos (romanization)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτοῖο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτόο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐ (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐν (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
thanátoisi (dative plural)
thanátoisin (dative plural)
thanátois (dative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)


μήτηρ

μήτηρ • (mḗtēr) f (genitive μητέρος or μητρός); third declension

mḗtēr (romanization)
μητέρος (genitive)
μητρός (genitive)
ἡ μήτηρ (nominative singular)
τὼ μητέρε (dual nominative)
αἱ μητέρες (nominative plural)
τῆς μητρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν μητέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μητέρων (genitive plural)
τῇ μητρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν μητέροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μητρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
μητρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs mētrási (dative plural)
taîs mētrásin (dative plural)
τὴν μητέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μητέρε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μητέρᾰς (accusative plural)
μῆτερ (singular vocative)
μητέρε (dual vocative)
μητέρες (plural vocative)
μήτηρ (nominative singular)
μητέρε (dual nominative)
μητέρες (nominative plural)
μητέρος (genitive singular)
μητρός (genitive singular)
μητέροιν (dual genitive)
μητέρων (genitive plural)
μητέρῐ (dative singular)
μητρῐ́ (dative singular)
μητέροιν (dative dual)
μητρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
μητρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
mētrási (dative plural)
mētrásin (dative plural)
μητέρᾰ (accusative singular)
μητέρε (accusative dual)
μητέρᾰς (accusative plural)
μῆτερ (singular vocative)
μητέρε (dual vocative)
μητέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μητέρος, μητρός

μητέρῐ, μητρῐ́

Greek: μητέρα (mitéra)

From Proto-Hellenic *mā́tēr (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀔𐀳𐀩 (ma-te-re), Doric μᾱ́τηρ (mā́tēr)), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognates include Phrygian ματαρ (matar), Old Armenian մայր (mayr), Latin māter, Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /mātā/), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar), Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Old Church Slavonic мати (mati), and Old English mōdor (English mother).


πατήρ

grc-noun

πᾰτήρ • (patḗr) m (genitive πᾰτρός or πᾰτέρος); third declension

πᾰτήρ (canonical)
patḗr (romanization)
πᾰτρός (genitive)
πᾰτέρος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰτέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰτέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰτρός (genitive singular)
πᾰτέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰτέρων (genitive plural)
πᾰτρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰτρῐ́ (dative singular)
πᾰτέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰτρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰτέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰτέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰτέρᾰς (accusative plural)
πάτερ (singular vocative)
πᾰτέρε (dual vocative)
πᾰτέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πᾰτρός, πᾰτέρος

πᾰτρῐ́, πᾰτέρῐ

πᾰτέρων, πᾰτρῶν

Greek: πατήρ (patír), πατέρας (patéras)

Yevanic: פַטִיר (patir)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Hellenic *patḗr
Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr)
From Proto-Hellenic *patḗr (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀳 (pa-te)), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. Cognates include Old English fæder (English father), Phrygian πατερης (paterēs), Latin pater, Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ), and Old Armenian հայր (hayr).

etymon

Τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·

Then the father of men and gods answered her:

Tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te;

father
respectful address of an older man

father
(in the plural) forefathers, ancestors

(Christianity) God the Father; (one of the three Persons of the Trinity)


κεφαλή

grc-noun

κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension

κεφᾰλή (canonical)
kephalḗ (romanization)
κεφᾰλῆς (genitive)
ἡ κεφᾰλή (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεφᾰλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κεφᾰλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεφᾰλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεφᾰλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κεφᾰλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεφᾰλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κεφᾰλή (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κεφᾰλαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē)

→ English: cephalo-

Greek: κεφαλή (kefalí)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰepʰəlā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-l̥ (“head”) + *-éh₂ (“nominal suffix”). Compare κεβλή (keblḗ). False cognate of Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla).

a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line").


σπόρος

σπόρος • (spóros) m (genitive σπόρου); second declension

spóros (romanization)
σπόρου (genitive)
ὁ σπόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπόροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπόρους (accusative plural)
σπόρε (singular vocative)
σπόρω (dual vocative)
σπόροι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπόρος (spóros)

→ Latin: Sporus

From Proto-Indo-European *spor-, an o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Cognate with σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”), σπέρμα (spérma, “semen, sperm”), and Albanian farë; see σπείρω (speírō) for more.


πόλις

πόλις • (pólis) f (genitive πόλεως); third declension

pólis (romanization)
πόλεως (genitive)
ἡ πόλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πόλει (dual nominative)
αἱ πόλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πόλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πόλει (dative singular)
τοῖν πολέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόλεσῐ (dative plural)
πόλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pólesi (dative plural)
taîs pólesin (dative plural)
τὴν πόλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πόλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόλεις (accusative plural)
πόλῐ (singular vocative)
πόλει (dual vocative)
πόλεις (plural vocative)
πόλῐς (nominative singular)
πόλῐε (dual nominative)
πόλῐες (nominative plural)
πόληες (nominative plural)
πόλῐος (genitive singular)
πόληος (genitive singular)
πολῐ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
πολῐ́ων (genitive plural)
πόλῐῐ (dative singular)
πόλῑ (dative singular)
πόληῐ̈ (dative singular)
πόλει (dative singular)
πολῐ́οιῐν (dative dual)
πολῐ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
πολῐ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
πόλεσῐ (dative plural)
πόλεσῐν (dative plural)
πόλῐσῐ (dative plural)
πόλῐσῐν (dative plural)
políessi (dative plural)
políessin (dative plural)
pólesi (dative plural)
pólesin (dative plural)
pólisi (dative plural)
pólisin (dative plural)
πόλῐν (accusative singular)
πόλῐε (accusative dual)
πόλῐᾰς (accusative plural)
πόληᾰς (accusative plural)
πόλῑς (accusative plural)
πόλῐ (singular vocative)
πόλῐε (dual vocative)
πόλῐες (plural vocative)
πόληες (plural vocative)

Greek: πόλη (póli)

Yevanic: בּוֹלִי (boli)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (polis)

→ English: polis (learned)

desctree

→ Latin: -polis
→ English: -polis (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *ptólis, from Proto-Indo-European *tpólHis, from *tpelH- (“fortification, city”). The early form πτόλις (ptólis) shows metathesis tp > pt because Ancient Greek stop clusters always end in a coronal. Cognate with Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, city, dwelling”) and Lithuanian pilis (“stronghold”). Irregular accent on genitive πόλεως (póleōs) is due to a quantitative metathesis from older πόληος (pólēos); genitive plural imitates genitive singular.

cog

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.15

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.23.47

425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 245

425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 758

425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 288

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 1093

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.1.27

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Nehemiah 11.1

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pelopidas 18

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 8.6.8

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.170

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.39.3

(ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως (ho epì tês póleōs)) city governor, praetor urbanus

παρὰ δ’ εὔπυργος πόλις ἀνδρῶν,
χρῡ́σειαι δέ μιν εἶχον ὑπερθυρίοις ἀραρυῖαι
ἑπτὰ πύλαι·
parà d’ eúpurgos pólis andrôn,
khrū́seiai dé min eîkhon huperthuríois araruîai

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 270–272

Next, there was a city of men with goodly towers; and seven gates of gold, fitted to the lintels, guarded it.

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.177

406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1533

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.230

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 5.48

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 77

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 294

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 251

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Andocides 6

a whole country, as dependent on and called after its city: city state

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 240

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.88

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 22

408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 947

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 738

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.2.28

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1276A.23

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 319A

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1280B.40

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 66

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 718

361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 106

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.144

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.14

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 179

519 BCE – 422 BCE, Cratinus, Collected Works 56

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 422E

(πόλιν παίζειν (pólin paízein)) a type of board game


προφήτης

grc-noun

προφήτης • (prophḗtēs) m (genitive προφήτου); first declension

prophḗtēs (romanization)
προφήτου (genitive)
ὁ προφήτης (nominative singular)
τὼ προφήτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ προφῆται (nominative plural)
τοῦ προφήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προφήταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προφητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ προφήτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν προφήταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προφήταις (dative plural)
τὸν προφήτην (accusative singular)
τὼ προφήτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς προφήτᾱς (accusative plural)
προφῆτᾰ (singular vocative)
προφήτᾱ (dual vocative)
προφῆται (plural vocative)

Greek: προφήτης (profítis)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophētēs)

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌴𐍃 (praufētēs)

→ Latin: prophēta (see there for further descendants)

From προ- (pro-, “before”) + φημί (phēmí, “I say”) + -της (-tēs, “-er”, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

Διὸς προφήτης δ’ ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός

But Loxias is the spokesman of Zeus, his father.

one who speaks for and interprets the will of a god: prophet, seer

one of the keepers of the oracle at Branchidae

ὅθεν δὴ καὶ τὸ τῶν προφητῶν γένος ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐνθέοις μαντείαις κριτὰς ἐπικαθιστάναι νόμος

Wherefore also it is customary to set the tribe of prophets to pass judgement upon these inspired divinations.

hóthen dḕ kaì tò tôn prophētôn génos epì taîs enthéois manteíais kritàs epikathistánai nómos

one who interprets the ravings of a μάντις (mántis, “oracle”)

ἐπεὶ σὺ φέγγος, Τειρεσία, τόδ’ οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ἐγὼ προφήτης σοι λόγων γενήσομαι

Since you do not see this light, Teiresias, I will be your interpreter.

epeì sù phéngos, Teiresía, tód’ oukh horâis, egṑ prophḗtēs soi lógōn genḗsomai

καὶ πνεύματα προφητῶν προφήταις ὑποτάσσεται

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 14:32

The spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets.

kaì pneúmata prophētôn prophḗtais hupotássetai

Ps.-Dsc. 1.10


πέτρα

grc-noun

πέτρᾱ • (pétrā) f (genitive πέτρᾱς); first declension

πέτρᾱ (canonical)
pétrā (romanization)
πέτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πέτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πέτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πετρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πέτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πέτραις (dative plural)
τὴν πέτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πέτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πέτρᾱς (accusative plural)
πέτρᾱ (singular vocative)
πέτρᾱ (dual vocative)
πέτραι (plural vocative)

Greek: πέτρα (pétra)

Mariupol Greek: пе́тра (pjétra)

→ Latin: petra (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. In the absence of an explanation, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek borrowing, noting that Meier-Brügger's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *per-trom (“instrument for getting through”) (from *per- (“to go through, fare”) + *-trom (“instrument suffix”)) is semantically implausible. Not related to Hindi पत्थर (patthar, “stone”), which is composed of Indo-European elements.

compound

rock formation: cliff, ledge, cave, ridge


σοφία

grc-noun

σοφῐ́ᾱ • (sophíā) f (genitive σοφῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σοφῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
sophíā (romanization)
σοφῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σοφῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σοφῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σοφῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σοφῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σοφῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σοφῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σοφῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σοφῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σοφῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σοφῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σοφῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σοφῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σοφῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σοφῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σοφῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ (sophia)

→ English: Sophia, -sophy

Greek: σοφία (sofía)

desctree

→ Latin: sophia
→ Middle English: sophie
English: sophy

From σοφός (sophós, “skilled in handcrafts; clever”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

skill or cleverness in carpentry, music, or other crafts

skill related to everyday life: sound judgment, prudence

knowledge of a higher kind: learning, wisdom


Κρής

grc-noun

Κρής • (Krḗs) m (genitive Κρητός); third declension

Krḗs (romanization)
Κρητός (genitive)
ὁ Κρής (nominative singular)
τὼ Κρῆτε (dual nominative)
οἱ Κρῆτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Κρητός (genitive singular)
τοῖν Κρητοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Κρητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Κρητῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν Κρητοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Κρησῐ́ (dative plural)
Κρησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs Krēsí (dative plural)
toîs Krēsín (dative plural)
τὸν Κρῆτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Κρῆτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Κρῆτᾰς (accusative plural)
Κρής (singular vocative)
Κρῆτε (dual vocative)
Κρῆτες (plural vocative)
Κρής (nominative singular)
Κρῆτε (dual nominative)
Κρῆτες (nominative plural)
Κρητός (genitive singular)
Κρητοῖῐν (dual genitive)
Κρητῶν (genitive plural)
Κρητῐ́ (dative singular)
Κρητοῖῐν (dative dual)
Κρησῐ́ (dative plural)
Κρησῐ́ν (dative plural)
Κρήτεσσῐ (dative plural)
Κρήτεσσῐν (dative plural)
Κρήτεσῐ (dative plural)
Κρήτεσῐν (dative plural)
Krēsí (dative plural)
Krēsín (dative plural)
Krḗtessi (dative plural)
Krḗtessin (dative plural)
Krḗtesi (dative plural)
Krḗtesin (dative plural)
Κρῆτᾰ (accusative singular)
Κρῆτε (accusative dual)
Κρῆτᾰς (accusative plural)
Κρής (singular vocative)
Κρῆτε (dual vocative)
Κρῆτες (plural vocative)


πλῆθος

πλῆθος • (plêthos) n (genitive πλήθεος or πλήθους); third declension

plêthos (romanization)
πλήθεος (genitive)
πλήθους (genitive)
τὸ πλῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πληθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πληθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν πληθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλήθεσῐ (dative plural)
πλήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs plḗthesi (dative plural)
toîs plḗthesin (dative plural)
τὸ πλῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλήθη (accusative plural)
πλῆθος (singular vocative)
πλήθει (dual vocative)
πλήθη (plural vocative)

Greek: πλήθος (plíthos)

From πλήθω (plḗthō, “to fill”), the intransitive counterpart of πίμπλημι (pímplēmi).

a large number of things, a great number

specifically: a large group of people: crowd, multitude, throng, mob

ἐὸν ὀρέων καὶ πλήθεϊ μέγιστον καὶ μεγάθεϊ ὑψηλότατον.

being greatest in number and loftiest in height of mountains

eòn oréōn kaì plḗtheï mégiston kaì megátheï hupsēlótaton.

πρὸς τὰ ἱερὰ ἱκετῶν καθεζομένων διὰ πλῆθος τῆς ζημίας, ὅπως ταξάμενοι ἀποδῶσιν

[they] sat as suppliants in the temple because of the quantity of the fine, [praying] that they could pay it in installments

pròs tà hierà hiketôn kathezoménōn dià plêthos tês zēmías, hópōs taxámenoi apodôsin

magnitude, size, extent
amount, quantity

τὰ γὰρ πρὸ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἔτι παλαίτερα σαφῶς μὲν εὑρεῖν διὰ χρόνου πλῆθος ἀδύνατα ἦν

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.1.3

the events before them and the events from a longer time ago were impossible to clearly determine because of the length of time

tà gàr prò autôn kaì tà éti palaítera saphôs mèn heureîn dià khrónou plêthos adúnata ên

magnitude, size, extent
(of time) length


πεντηκοστή

πεντηκοστή • (pentēkostḗ) f (genitive πεντηκοστῆς); first declension

pentēkostḗ (romanization)
πεντηκοστῆς (genitive)
ἡ πεντηκοστή (nominative singular)
τὼ πεντηκοστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πεντηκοσταί (nominative plural)
τῆς πεντηκοστῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεντηκοσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεντηκοστῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πεντηκοστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεντηκοσταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πεντηκοσταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πεντηκοστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πεντηκοστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πεντηκοστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πεντηκοστή (singular vocative)
πεντηκοστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πεντηκοσταί (plural vocative)

Greek: Πεντηκοστή (Pentikostí)

desc

→ Aramaic: פנטקוסטא

→ Aramaic: פנטקוסטא /pɛntˤɪqostˤɛʔ/

→ Latin: Pentēcostē (see there for further descendants)

Feminine substantive form of πεντηκοστός (pentēkostós, “fiftieth”), from πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta, “fifty”).

Pentecost - From the feast called Shavuot, which means "Festival of Weeks" and is the "fiftieth day" after Passover.


μυστήριον

grc-noun

μῠστήρῐον • (mustḗrion) n (genitive μῠστηρῐ́ου); second declension

μῠστήρῐον (canonical)
mustḗrion (romanization)
μῠστηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μῠστήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠστηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῠστήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠστηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠστηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠστηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠστηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠστηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠστηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μῠστήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠστηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῠστήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μῠστήρῐον (singular vocative)
μῠστηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μῠστήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: mystērium
Old French: mistere, mystere
→ Middle English: mysterie, mysterye, mistery, misterie, mystery
English: mystery
Scots: meestery
Middle French: mystere
French: mystère
→ Finnish: mysteeri, mysteerio
→ Spanish: misterio

From μῠ́στης (mústēs, “initiated one”) + -ῐον (-ion), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μῡ́ω (mū́ō, “I shut”).

af

(Koine) matters of science which required teaching