πατριάρχης

πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχης • (patriárkhēs) m (genitive πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχου); first declension

πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχης (canonical)
patriárkhēs (romanization)
πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχης (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰτρῐᾰρχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχαις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχην (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχᾰ (singular vocative)
πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰτρῐᾰ́ρχαι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Arabic: بَطْرَك

→ Arabic: بَطْرَك

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ (patriarkhēs)

Greek: πατριάρχης (patriárchis)

→ Latin: patriarcha (see there for further descendants)

πᾰτρῐᾱ́ (patriā́) + -ᾰ́ρχης (-árkhēs)

suffix

πᾰτρῐᾱ́ (patriā́) + -ᾰ́ρχης (-árkhēs)

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 1 Chronicles 27.22

Act.Ap. 2.29

Act.Ap. 7.8

Ep.Hebr. 7.4

(Judaism and Christianity) a patriarch (the father or chief of a race)

482 CE – 565 CE, Justinian, New Constitutions 3.2

(Christianity, as Πατριάρχης in titular use) a patriarch (borne as a title by the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria)


κτίσμα

grc-noun

κτίσμᾰ • (ktísma) n (genitive κτίσμᾰτος); third declension

κτίσμᾰ (canonical)
ktísma (romanization)
κτίσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κτῐ́σμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κτῐ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κτῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κτῐ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κτῐσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κτῐσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κτῐ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κτῐσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κτῐ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κτῐ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ktísmasi (dative plural)
toîs ktísmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κτῐ́σμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κτῐ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κτῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κτῐ́σμᾰ (singular vocative)
κτῐ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κτῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From κτίζω (ktízō, “to found, to build”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


μέταλλον

μέταλλον • (métallon) n (genitive μετάλλου); second declension

métallon (romanization)
μετάλλου (genitive)
τὸ μέταλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μετάλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετάλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μετάλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μετάλλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μέταλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μέταλλον (singular vocative)
μετάλλω (dual vocative)
μέταλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: մետաղ (metał)

Armenian: մետաղ (metaġ)

→ Georgian: მეტალი (meṭali)

Greek: μέταλλο (métallo)

→ Latin: metallum (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Greek because of the presence of -αλλο- (-allo-).


φαρμακοποιία

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ • (pharmakopoiíā) f (genitive φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς); first declension

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
pharmakopoiíā (romanization)
φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ

φᾰρμᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς

desc

φαρμακοποιία

Greek: φαρμακοποιία (farmakopoiía)

→ Latin: pharmacopoeia

From φᾰρμᾰκοποιός (pharmakopoiós, “preparing drugs”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

φᾰρμᾰκοποιός


γεωργία

grc-noun

γεωργίᾱ • (geōrgíā) f (genitive γεωργίᾱς); first declension

γεωργίᾱ (canonical)
geōrgíā (romanization)
γεωργίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γεωργίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γεωργίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γεωργίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γεωργίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γεωργίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γεωργιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γεωργίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γεωργίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γεωργίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γεωργίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γεωργίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γεωργίᾱς (accusative plural)
γεωργίᾱ (singular vocative)
γεωργίᾱ (dual vocative)
γεωργίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: γεωργία (georgía)


σιδηρουργός

σῐδηρουργός • (sidērourgós) m (genitive σῐδηρουργοῦ); second declension

σῐδηρουργός (canonical)
sidērourgós (romanization)
σῐδηρουργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σῐδηρουργός (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδηρουργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐδηρουργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδηρουργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδηρουργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδηρουργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδηρουργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδηρουργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδηρουργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σῐδηρουργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδηρουργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδηρουργούς (accusative plural)
σῐδηρουργέ (singular vocative)
σῐδηρουργώ (dual vocative)
σῐδηρουργοί (plural vocative)

From σῐ́δηρος (sídēros, “iron”) + -ουργός (-ourgós, “worker”).


μάγειρος

grc-noun

μᾰ́γειρος • (mágeiros) m (genitive μᾰγείρου); second declension

μᾰ́γειρος (canonical)
mágeiros (romanization)
μᾰγείρου (genitive)
ὁ μᾰ́γειρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰγείρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰ́γειροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰγείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰγείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰγείρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰγείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰγείροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰγείροις (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰ́γειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰγείρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰγείρους (accusative plural)
μᾰ́γειρε (singular vocative)
μᾰγείρω (dual vocative)
μᾰ́γειροι (plural vocative)

English: magirist, magiristic, magirology, magirologist, magirological

Perhaps from Pre-Greek. Compare also μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “large sword”).


χορευτής

χορευτής • (khoreutḗs) m (genitive χορευτοῦ); first declension

khoreutḗs (romanization)
χορευτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χορευτής (nominative singular)
τὼ χορευτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ χορευταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χορευτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χορευταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορευτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χορευτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χορευταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χορευταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χορευτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χορευτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χορευτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χορευτᾰ́ (singular vocative)
χορευτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χορευταί (plural vocative)

Greek: χορευτής (choreftís)

From χορεύω (khoreúō, “to dance a choral dance”) + -τής (-tḗs).

af

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 99

100 BCE – 600 CE, Anacreontea 5.24

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 1.20

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 12.27

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 443

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 373B

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 20

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 173A

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 252D

331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Orations 6.197D

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 54.38


τεχνίτης

grc-noun

τέχνῑ́της • (tékhnī́tēs) m (genitive τέχνῑ́του); first declension

τέχνῑ́της (canonical)
tékhnī́tēs (romanization)
τέχνῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ τεχνῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ τεχνῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ τέχνῑται (nominative plural)
τοῦ τεχνῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεχνῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεχνῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τεχνῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεχνῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τεχνῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν τεχνῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ τεχνῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τεχνῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
τέχνῑτᾰ (singular vocative)
τεχνῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
τέχνῑται (plural vocative)

From τέχνη (tékhnē, “craft”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


τέρμα

grc-noun

τέρμᾰ • (térma) n (genitive τέρμᾰτος); third declension

τέρμᾰ (canonical)
térma (romanization)
τέρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τέρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τέρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τέρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs térmasi (dative plural)
toîs térmasin (dative plural)
τὸ τέρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρμᾰ (singular vocative)
τέρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
τέρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τέρμα (térma)

From Proto-Indo-European *térmn̥, the same source of Latin terminus (“boundary, limit, end”).

goal round which horses and chariots had to turn at races

mark set to show how far a quoit was thrown


σκάλα

σκάλα • (skála) f (genitive σκάλας); first declension

skála (romanization)
σκάλας (genitive)
ἡ σκάλᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ σκάλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκάλᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν σκαλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκάλᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς σκάλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκάλᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς σκάλᾱς (accusative plural)
σκάλᾱ (singular vocative)
σκάλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκάλα (skála)

→ Macedonian: скала (skala)

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܠܐ (sqālā)


Βρεττανός

Βρεττᾰνός • (Brettanós) m (genitive Βρεττᾰνοῦ); second declension

Βρεττᾰνός (canonical)
Brettanós (romanization)
Βρεττᾰνοῦ (genitive)
Βρεττᾰνῐ́ς (feminine)
ὁ Βρεττᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ Βρεττᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Βρεττᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Βρεττᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Βρεττᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Βρεττᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Βρεττᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Βρεττᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Βρεττᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Βρεττᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Βρεττᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Βρεττᾰνούς (accusative plural)
Βρεττᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Βρεττᾰνώ (dual vocative)
Βρεττᾰνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Βρετανός (Vretanós)

an inhabitant of the British Isles or of Great Britain; a Briton; a Brython


δρυμός

δρῡμός • (drūmós) m (genitive δρῡμοῦ); second declension

δρῡμός (canonical)
drūmós (romanization)
δρῡμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δρῡμός (nominative singular)
τὼ δρῡμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ δρῡμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρῡμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρῡμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρῡμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δρῡμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρῡμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρῡμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δρῡμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρῡμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρῡμούς (accusative plural)
δρῡμέ (singular vocative)
δρῡμώ (dual vocative)
δρῡμοί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: δρυμός (drymós) (learned)

→? Laz: გერმა (germa)

From Proto-Hellenic *drumós, Proto-Indo-European *drumós, from the same root as of δόρυ (dóru, “tree”), δρῦς (drûs, “oak”), and δροόν (droón, “strong”). The length of the vowel ῡ (ū) is taken analogically from δρῦς (drûs). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *trumaz, Sanskrit द्रुम (druma), Russian дром (drom).


ταινία

ταινῐ́ᾱ • (tainíā) f (genitive ταινῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ταινῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
tainíā (romanization)
ταινῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ταινῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ταινῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ταινῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ταινῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταινῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταινῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ταινῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταινῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ταινῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ταινῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ταινῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ταινῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ταινῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ταινῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ταινῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ταινία (tainía)

→ Latin: taenia

→ Translingual: Taenia

According to Beekes, probably from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“stretch”), the same root underlying τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”), though the phonological and morphological details are rather unclear. The missing link may be a noun like *ταῖνα (*taîna) or *ταινά (*tainá). The formation of the word is comparable to that of κειρία (keiría, “band, tapeworm”).

band, fillet, headband worn in sign of victory


ὀφειλέτης

ὀφειλέτης • (opheilétēs) m (genitive ὀφειλέτου); first declension

opheilétēs (romanization)
ὀφειλέτου (genitive)
ὁ ὀφειλέτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀφειλέτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀφειλέται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀφειλέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφειλέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀφειλετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀφειλέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφειλέταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀφειλέταις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀφειλέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀφειλέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀφειλέτᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀφειλέτᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀφειλέτᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀφειλέται (plural vocative)

ἄγαν γε λυπεῖς: οὐ κάτοισθ᾽ ἐγὼ θεοῖς
ὡς οὐδὲν ἀρκεῖν εἴμ᾽ ὀφειλέτης ἔτι; (590–91)

Ἄρα οὖν, ἀδελφοί, ὀφειλέται ἐσμὲν οὐ τῇ σαρκὶ τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν...

(with copulative verb) to be under an obligation

...δοκεῖτε ὅτι αὐτοὶ ὀφειλέται ἐγένοντο παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἰερουσαλήμ;

New Testament; fig.; New Testament; fig.


νοῦς

νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension

noûs (romanization)
νοῦ (genitive)
ὁ νοῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ νώ (dual nominative)
οἱ νοῖ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν νοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν νοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν νοῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ νώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νοῦς (accusative plural)
νοῦ (singular vocative)
νώ (dual vocative)
νοῖ (plural vocative)


ἄρσις

ᾰ̓́ρσῐς • (ársis) f (genitive ᾰ̓́ρσεως); third declension

ᾰ̓́ρσῐς (canonical)
ársis (romanization)
ᾰ̓́ρσεως (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́ρσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́ρσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́ρσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́ρσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́ρσεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ársesi (dative plural)
taîs ársesin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́ρσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́ρσεις (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρσῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρσει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρσεις (plural vocative)

From αἴρω (aírō, “raise, lift, elevate”) + -σῐς (-sis).


πελίδνωμα

grc-noun

πελιδνώμᾰτος

πελίδνωμᾰ • (pelídnōma) n (genitive πελιδνώμᾰτος); third declension

πελίδνωμᾰ (canonical)
pelídnōma (romanization)
πελιδνώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πελίδνωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πελιδνώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πελιδνώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελιδνώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελιδνωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελιδνωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πελιδνώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελιδνωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελιδνώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πελιδνώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pelidnṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs pelidnṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πελίδνωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πελιδνώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πελιδνώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πελίδνωμᾰ (singular vocative)
πελιδνώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πελιδνώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πελιδνώμᾰτος

→ English: pelidnoma

From πελιδνός (pelidnós, “livid, dark”) + -ωμᾰ (-ōma).


πευκέδανος

grc-noun

πευκέδᾰνος • (peukédanos) f (genitive πευκεδᾰ́νου); second declension

πευκέδᾰνος (canonical)
peukédanos (romanization)
πευκεδᾰ́νου (genitive)
ἡ πευκέδᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ πευκεδᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ πευκέδᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς πευκεδᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πευκεδᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πευκεδᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ πευκεδᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πευκεδᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πευκεδᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν πευκέδᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πευκεδᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πευκεδᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
πευκέδᾰνε (singular vocative)
πευκεδᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
πευκέδᾰνοι (plural vocative)

Alternative form of πευκέδανον (peukédanon)


πεύκη

πεύκη • (peúkē) f (genitive πεύκης); first declension

peúkē (romanization)
πεύκης (genitive)
ἡ πεύκη (nominative singular)
τὼ πεύκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πεῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πεύκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεύκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πεύκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεύκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πεύκαις (dative plural)
τὴν πεύκην (accusative singular)
τὼ πεύκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πεύκᾱς (accusative plural)
πεύκη (singular vocative)
πεύκᾱ (dual vocative)
πεῦκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πεύκο (péfko)

anything made from the wood of the tree, torch of pine-wood


ἀσπίς

ᾰ̓σπίς • (aspís) f (genitive ᾰ̓σπίδος); third declension

ᾰ̓σπίς (canonical)
aspís (romanization)
ᾰ̓σπίδος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs aspísi (dative plural)
taîs aspísin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀσπί (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: aspis

Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)

→ Latin: aspis (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd), а́спид (áspyd), а́спід (áspid)


σίπυδνος

σίπυδνος • (sípudnos) f (genitive σῐπύδνου); second declension

sípudnos (romanization)
σῐπύδνου (genitive)
ἡ σῐ́πῠδνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐπῠ́δνω (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐ́πῠδνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐπῠ́δνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐπῠ́δνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐπῠ́δνων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐπῠ́δνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐπῠ́δνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐπῠ́δνοις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐ́πῠδνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐπῠ́δνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐπῠ́δνους (accusative plural)
σῐ́πῠδνε (singular vocative)
σῐπῠ́δνω (dual vocative)
σῐ́πῠδνοι (plural vocative)


λέπαδνον

λέπαδνον • (lépadnon) n (genitive λεπάδνου); second declension

lépadnon (romanization)
λεπάδνου (genitive)
τὸ λέπᾰδνον (nominative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λέπᾰδνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λεπᾰ́δνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεπᾰ́δνων (genitive plural)
τῷ λεπᾰ́δνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λεπᾰ́δνοις (dative plural)
τὸ λέπᾰδνον (accusative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λέπᾰδνᾰ (accusative plural)
λέπᾰδνον (singular vocative)
λεπᾰ́δνω (dual vocative)
λέπᾰδνᾰ (plural vocative)

Possibly related to λεπίς (lepís), λέπω (lépō) from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, flay”), or Pre-Greek.

der

broad leather strap fastening the yoke to the neck, and joined to the girth


ἀράχιδνα

grc-noun

ἀράχιδνα • (arákhidna) f (genitive ἀρᾰχίδνης); first declension

arákhidna (romanization)
ἀρᾰχίδνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χῐδνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χῐδναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐδνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χῐδνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χῐδνᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰχῐ́δνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χῐδναι (plural vocative)

→ English: arachidonic, arachidic

desctree

→ Russian: ара́хис (aráxis)
→ Estonian: arahhis

→ French: arachide
→ Czech: arašíd
→ Slovak: arašid
→ Slovene: arašid

Translingual: Dioscorea arachidna

Related to ἄρακος (árakos, “a leguminous plant”).

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.1.7

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.6.12


μαχητής

grc-noun

μᾰχητής • (makhētḗs) m (genitive μᾰχητοῦ); first declension

μᾰχητής (canonical)
makhētḗs (romanization)
μᾰχητοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μᾰχητής (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰχητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰχηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰχητοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰχηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰχητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰχητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰχηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰχηταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰχητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰχητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰχητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μᾰχητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
μᾰχητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μᾰχηταί (plural vocative)

From μᾰ́χομαι (mákhomai, “fight”) + -τής (-tḗs).


πώς

grc-noun

πώς • (pṓs) m (genitive ποδός); third declension


κύμινον

κύμῑνον • (kúmīnon) n (genitive κυμίνου); second declension

κύμῑνον (canonical)
kúmīnon (romanization)
κυμίνου (genitive)
τὸ κύμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κυμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κυμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κυμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κυμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κύμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
κύμῑνον (singular vocative)
κυμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κύμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cumīnum (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲓⲙⲓⲛⲟⲩ (kiminou)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀖𐀜 (ku-mi-no), borrowed from Semitic, compare Ge'ez ከሚን (kämin), ካሚን (kamin), ከሙን (kämun), ከሜን (kämen), Arabic كَمُّون (kammūn), Hebrew כַּמֹּון (kammōn), Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא / ܩܰܡܽܘܢܳܐ (kammōnā, “cumin”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Note also Old Armenian չաման (čʻaman).

cog

Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא


πλήμνη

grc-noun

πλήμνη • (plḗmnē) f (genitive πλήμνης); first declension

plḗmnē (romanization)
πλήμνης (genitive)
ἡ πλήμνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πλήμνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλῆμναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πλήμνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλήμναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλημνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλήμνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλήμναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλήμναις (dative plural)
τὴν πλήμνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πλήμνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλήμνᾱς (accusative plural)
πλήμνη (singular vocative)
πλήμνᾱ (dual vocative)
πλῆμναι (plural vocative)

Greek: πλήμνη (plímni)

Traditionally associated with πίμπλημι (pímplēmi, “to fill”), but this is popular etymology. Beekes preferably derives it from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”), the same root of πόλος (pólos, “axis, pole”).


βρόχος

βρόχος • (brókhos) m (genitive βρόχου); second declension

brókhos (romanization)
βρόχου (genitive)
ὁ βρόχος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρόχω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρόχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρόχοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρόχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρόχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρόχους (accusative plural)
βρόχε (singular vocative)
βρόχω (dual vocative)
βρόχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βρόχος (vróchos)

If the gloss on βρυγχός (brunkhós) is reliable, then the prenasalization points to a Pre-Greek origin. The word has been compared with Proto-Slavic *mèrža (“net”) and Lithuanian márška (“net”). Another connection has been made with μόροττον (mórotton, “plaiting of bark”) but it is uncertain.


κόμβος

κόμβος • (kómbos) m (genitive κόμβου); second declension

kómbos (romanization)
κόμβου (genitive)
ὁ κόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόμβους (accusative plural)
κόμβε (singular vocative)
κόμβω (dual vocative)
κόμβοι (plural vocative)

The old comparisons with Lithuanian kabìnti (“to hang, hook on”), Proto-Slavic *skobà (“bracket”) and, within Greek, σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”) are quite dubious. The form κομποθηλεία (kompothēleía) clearly shows that there was a variant with -π-, which points to Pre-Greek origin.


κοίλωμα

κοίλωμᾰ • (koílōma) n (genitive κοιλώμᾰτος); third declension

κοίλωμᾰ (canonical)
koílōma (romanization)
κοιλώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κοίλωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κοιλώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κοιλώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοιλώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοιλωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοιλωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κοιλώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοιλωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοιλώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κοιλώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs koilṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs koilṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κοίλωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κοιλώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κοιλώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κοίλωμᾰ (singular vocative)
κοιλώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κοιλώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From κοιλόω (koilóō, “hollow out”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


κόμπος

grc-noun

κόμπος • (kómpos) m (genitive κόμπου); second declension

kómpos (romanization)
κόμπου (genitive)
ὁ κόμπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμπω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόμποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόμποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόμπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόμποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμποις (dative plural)
τὸν κόμπον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόμπους (accusative plural)
κόμπε (singular vocative)
κόμπω (dual vocative)
κόμποι (plural vocative)

Probably onomatopoeic. Compare βόμβος (bómbos, “humming, buzzing”), κόναβος (kónabos, “din, clash”) and κόμβα (kómba, “shearwater”).


πίτα

πίτα • (píta) f (genitive πίτας); first declension

Modern Greek: πίτα (píta)

→ Aromanian: pitã

→ Bulgarian: пи́та (píta)

→ Romanian: pită

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏та

Latin script: pȉta

→ Ladino: pita

→ Macedonian: пита (pita)

→ Megleno-Romanian: pită

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیته (pite), پیده (pide) — colloquial
Turkish: pide
→ Azerbaijani: pidə

Attested in the pita or flatbread sense from 1107.
Dialectological maps show that in Central Italy one has pizza while in the North and Tuscany one has pinza. Only in South Apulia and Calabria one has pitta; this suggests a derivation from Latin pīnctus, pictus (“painted, smeared”) or pīnsum, pīnsitum, pistum (“pounded”), however the northern forms in Italy seem to be contaminated with pinzare (“to staple”). A form peta even coexists in some areas, and according to a different theory, the forms could be derived from an Ancient Greek feminine πηκτή (pēktḗ) of πηκτός (pēktós, “compacted, congealed”) or even from πήτεα (pḗtea, “bran”). While a relation to Lombardic bizzo (“bit, chunk”) is phonetically and semantically dubious, another suggested derivation is from Illyrian, Albanian pite, reflected also in Albanian petë (“layer”) and Romanian pată (“blotch, stain, macula”) and possibly Ancient Greek πιττάκιον (pittákion, “patch; tablet; ticket”) — a word only attested from the 5ᵗʰ century, first in the comic Δεινόλοχος — and derived from the Proto-Indo-European root from which Albanian pite (“gruel”) is inherited; but the substrate could also be Jewish Aramaic פִיתָּא (pītā, “piece of bread”), from Proto-Semitic related to crumbs, breaking into tranches, akin to Hebrew פַּת (paṯ, “bread”) and the Arabic forms in the root ف ت ت (f-t-t), also Tigre / Tigrinya / Amharic / Ge'ez ፈተተ (fätätä, “to break off to portion, to crumb”) with a well-developed root.

cog

Alternative form of πίττα (pítta), Attic form of πίσσα (píssa)


διάλειμμα

grc-noun

δῐᾰλείμμᾰτος

δῐᾰ́λειμμᾰ • (diáleimma) n (genitive δῐᾰλείμμᾰτος); third declension

δῐᾰ́λειμμᾰ (canonical)
diáleimma (romanization)
δῐᾰλείμμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δῐᾰ́λειμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλειμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰλειμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλειμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐᾰλείμμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δῐᾰλείμμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dialeímmasi (dative plural)
toîs dialeímmasin (dative plural)
τὸ δῐᾰ́λειμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δῐᾰλείμμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́λειμμᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰλείμμᾰτε (dual vocative)
δῐᾰλείμμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δῐᾰλείμμᾰτος

Greek: διάλειμμα (diáleimma)

From δῐᾰλείπω (dialeípō, “to cease”) + -μα (-ma), the former component from δῐᾰ- (dia-, “through, dia-”) + λείπω (leípō, “to leave behind”).


σημαία

grc-noun

σημαίᾱ • (sēmaíā) f (genitive σημαίᾱς); first declension

σημαίᾱ (canonical)
sēmaíā (romanization)
σημαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σημαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σημαίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σημαῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σημαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημαίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σημαίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημαίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σημαίαις (dative plural)
τὴν σημαίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σημαίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σημαίᾱς (accusative plural)
σημαίᾱ (singular vocative)
σημαίᾱ (dual vocative)
σημαῖαι (plural vocative)


βαλλίστρα

βαλλίστρᾱ • (ballístrā) f (genitive βαλλίστρᾱς); first declension

βαλλίστρᾱ (canonical)
ballístrā (romanization)
βαλλίστρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰλλῐ́στραι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλῐ́στραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλλῐστρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλῐ́στραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλλῐ́στραις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (singular vocative)
βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰλλῐ́στραι (plural vocative)

Greek: βαλλίστρα (vallístra)

Latin: ballista (see there for further descendants)


περιγραφή

περῐγρᾰφή • (perigraphḗ) f (genitive περῐγρᾰφῆς); first declension

περῐγρᾰφή (canonical)
perigraphḗ (romanization)
περῐγρᾰφῆς (genitive)
ἡ περῐγρᾰφή (nominative singular)
τὼ περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ περῐγρᾰφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς περῐγρᾰφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν περῐγρᾰφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περῐγρᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περῐγρᾰφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν περῐγρᾰφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς περῐγρᾰφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν περῐγρᾰφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
περῐγρᾰφή (singular vocative)
περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
περῐγρᾰφαί (plural vocative)

→ English: perigraph

Greek: περιγραφή (perigrafí)

From περῐγρᾰ́φω (perigráphō, “to define, determine, limit”) + -ή (-ḗ).

suffix

that which is marked by an outline, impression


κατάστρωμα

grc-noun

κᾰταστρώμᾰτος

κᾰτάστρωμᾰ • (katástrōma) n (genitive κᾰταστρώμᾰτος); third declension

κᾰτάστρωμᾰ (canonical)
katástrōma (romanization)
κᾰταστρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κᾰτά̆στρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰστρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰστρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰστρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs katastrṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs katastrṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰτά̆στρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰτά̆στρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰστρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κᾰταστρώμᾰτος

καταστρώννῡμι (katastrṓnnūmi, “to spread out, cover”) + -μα (-ma), the former from κατα- (kata-) + στρώννῡμι (strṓnnūmi, “to spread out”).

af

καταστρώννῡμι


κομμάτιον

grc-noun

κομμάτῐον • (kommátion) n (genitive κομμᾰτίου); second declension

κομμάτῐον (canonical)
kommátion (romanization)
κομμᾰτίου (genitive)
τὸ κομμᾰ́τῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κομμᾰτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κομμᾰ́τῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κομμᾰτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομμᾰτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κομμᾰτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κομμᾰτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κομμᾰτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κομμᾰτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κομμᾰ́τῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κομμᾰτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κομμᾰ́τῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κομμᾰ́τῐον (singular vocative)
κομμᾰτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κομμᾰ́τῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From κόμμα (kómma, “stamp, coinage; piece”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


κλαγγή

grc-noun

κλᾰγγή • (klangḗ) f (genitive κλᾰγγῆς); first declension

κλᾰγγή (canonical)
klangḗ (romanization)
κλᾰγγῆς (genitive)
ἡ κλᾰγγή (nominative singular)
τὼ κλᾰγγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κλᾰγγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κλᾰγγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλᾰγγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλᾰγγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλᾰγγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλᾰγγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλᾰγγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κλᾰγγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλᾰγγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλᾰγγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κλᾰγγή (singular vocative)
κλᾰγγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κλᾰγγαί (plural vocative)

Greek: κλαγγή (klangí)

From κλάζω (klázō, “make a sharp, piercing sound”).


ἄρτημα

ἄρτημᾰ • (ártēma) n (genitive ἀρτήμᾰτος); third declension

ἄρτημᾰ (canonical)
ártēma (romanization)
ἀρτήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἄρτημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρτήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρτήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρτήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρτημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρτημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρτήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρτημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρτήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀρτήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs artḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs artḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἄρτημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρτήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρτήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄρτημᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρτήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀρτήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἀρτάω (artáō, “fasten”) + -μα (-ma).


πλατεῖα

πλᾰτεῖᾰ • (plateîa) f (genitive πλᾰτείᾱς); first declension

πλᾰτεῖᾰ (canonical)
plateîa (romanization)
πλᾰτείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πλᾰτεῖᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλᾰτεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πλᾰτείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰτειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλᾰτείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλᾰτείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πλᾰτεῖᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλᾰτείᾱς (accusative plural)
πλᾰτεῖᾰ (singular vocative)
πλᾰτείᾱ (dual vocative)
πλᾰτεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: platēa (see there for further descendants)


ἐπιτήδειος

ἐπῐτήδειος • (epitḗdeios) m (genitive ἐπῐτηδείου); second declension

ἐπῐτήδειος (canonical)
epitḗdeios (romanization)
ἐπῐτηδείου (genitive)
ὁ ἐπῐτήδειος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐτηδείω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐπῐτήδειοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐπῐτηδείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐτηδείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐτηδείων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐπῐτηδείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐτηδείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐπῐτηδείοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐπῐτήδειον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐτηδείω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐπῐτηδείους (accusative plural)
ἐπῐτήδειε (singular vocative)
ἐπῐτηδείω (dual vocative)
ἐπῐτήδειοι (plural vocative)

From ἐπιτηδές (epitēdés, “for this purpose”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).
ἐπιτηδές is from ἐπι- (epi-, “for”) + a noun τῆδος, τᾰδος (têdos, tados) of unclear further origin + the suffix -ές (-és), the adverbial neuter accusative singular of -ής (-ḗs). One theory for τῆδος (têdos) derives it from τήδε (tḗde, “this”), a variant of ἥδε (hḗde), feminine of ὅδε (hóde).


κουρά

grc-noun

κουρᾱ́ • (kourā́) f (genitive κουρᾶς); first declension

κουρᾱ́ (canonical)
kourā́ (romanization)
κουρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ κουρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ κουρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κουραί (nominative plural)
τῆς κουρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κουραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κουρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κουρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κουραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κουραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κουρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ κουρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κουρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κουρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
κουρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κουραί (plural vocative)

Greek: κουρά (kourá)

From Proto-Hellenic *korsā́, a primary verbal noun from Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“to shave”), an s-extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”), the same root of κείρω (keírō, “to cut, shear, crop”), κόρση (kórsē, “temple (of forehead)”), and κορμός (kormós, “trunk of a tree”). Direct cognates include Hittite [script needed] (karš-ᶻᶦ, “to cut off”), Tocharian A kärs- (“to know, understand”), Tocharian B kärst- (“to cut off, destroy”).

cog

(in general) cropping, lopping, shearing of sheep


βλαστός

grc-noun

βλᾰστός • (blastós) m (genitive βλᾰστοῦ); second declension

βλᾰστός (canonical)
blastós (romanization)
βλᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βλᾰστός (nominative singular)
τὼ βλᾰστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βλᾰστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλᾰστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βλᾰστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλᾰστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλᾰστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βλᾰστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλᾰστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βλᾰστούς (accusative plural)
βλᾰστέ (singular vocative)
βλᾰστώ (dual vocative)
βλᾰστοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βλαστός (vlastós)

→ English: blasto- (learned)

→⇒ New Latin: blastula (learned)

→ English: blastula, blastule

→ French: blastule

From βλᾰστᾰ́νω (blastánō, “to bud, sprout”) + -τός (-tós).


λογία

grc-noun

λογίᾱ • (logíā) f (genitive λογίᾱς); first declension

λογίᾱ (canonical)
logíā (romanization)
λογίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λογίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λογίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λογίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λογίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λογίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λογιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λογίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λογίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λογίαις (dative plural)
τὴν λογίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λογίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λογίᾱς (accusative plural)
λογίᾱ (singular vocative)
λογίᾱ (dual vocative)
λογίαι (plural vocative)


φακός

φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension

φᾰκός (canonical)
phakós (romanization)
φᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰκούς (accusative plural)
φᾰκέ (singular vocative)
φᾰκώ (dual vocative)
φᾰκοί (plural vocative)

Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).
It is likely that the terms mentioned above are all related and derived from an ancient European and Mediterranean substrate word for "bean", which was borrowed by various groups in the area, particularly considering that the words for various beans in Indo-Aryan, a branch of Indo-European removed from this area, do not resemble the above terms.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual

anything shaped like a lentil:
sort of hot water bottle

anything shaped like a lentil:
mole, birthmark, spot on the skin

anything shaped like a lentil:
ornament on beds


καταιγίδα

head

κᾰταιγῐ́δᾰ • (kataigída) f

κᾰταιγῐ́δᾰ (canonical)
kataigída (romanization)

accusative singular of κᾰταιγῐ́ς (kataigís)


λαλιά

grc-noun

λᾰλῐᾱ́ • (laliā́) f (genitive λᾰλῐᾶς); first declension

λᾰλῐᾱ́ (canonical)
laliā́ (romanization)
λᾰλῐᾶς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰλῐᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰλῐᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰλῐαί (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰλῐᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰλῐαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰλῐᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰλῐαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰλῐαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰλῐᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰλῐᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰλῐᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
λᾰλῐᾱ́ (singular vocative)
λᾰλῐᾱ́ (dual vocative)
λᾰλῐαί (plural vocative)

English: -lalia

Greek: λαλιά (laliá)

λᾰ́λος (lálos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)

af

λᾰ́λος (lálos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 931

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1069

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Ἀρρηφ. 3, (Compare Hermesianax, Collected Works 78, Palatine Anthology 7.440)

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, Histories 3.20.5

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, Histories 32.9.4

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 8:43

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 34.29

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, The Characters 7

talking, talk, chat
talkativeness, loquacity

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 26:73, (Compare Septuagint, Song of Songs 4.3)


σύμπτωμα

grc-noun

σῠ́μπτωμᾰ • (súmptōma) n (genitive σῠμπτώμᾰτος); third declension

σῠ́μπτωμᾰ (canonical)
súmptōma (romanization)
σῠμπτώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῠ́μπτωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμπτώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπτώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠμπτώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμπτωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμπτωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠμπτώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμπτωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠμπτώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῠμπτώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sumptṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs sumptṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σῠ́μπτωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμπτώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπτώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠ́μπτωμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠμπτώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῠμπτώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From συμπίπτω (sumpíptō, “happen, occur”) + -μα (-ma).

affix

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.9.32

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 2.8.5, (Compare Politics 2.12.5)

anything that has befallen one, a chance, casualty

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.36

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 5.4.5

100 BCE – 1 BCE, Plato, Axiochus 364C

Aretaeus of Cappadocia, De Causis et Signis Diuturnorum Morborum I.3

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 60.33


φιάλη

grc-noun

φιάλη • (phiálē) f (genitive φιάλης); first declension

phiálē (romanization)
φιάλης (genitive)
ἡ φιάλη (nominative singular)
τὼ φιάλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φιάλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φιάλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φιάλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φιαλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φιάλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φιάλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φιάλαις (dative plural)
τὴν φιάλην (accusative singular)
τὼ φιάλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φιάλᾱς (accusative plural)
φιάλη (singular vocative)
φιάλᾱ (dual vocative)
φιάλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: φιάλη (fiáli)

→ English: phiale

→ Latin: fiola

→ French: fiole

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (pygʾl /*paygāl/) (possibly)

Persian: پیاله (piyâle)

According to Beekes, probably from Pre-Greek. The word formally fits the instrument names in "-αλη" and "-αλο-", like σκυτάλη (skutálē) and γύαλον (gúalon).


ὄργια

grc-noun

ὄργῐᾰ • (órgia) n (genitive ὀργῐ́ων); second declension

ὄργῐᾰ (canonical)
órgia (romanization)
ὀργῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ὄργῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ὀργῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ὀργῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ὄργῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄργῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Probably from the same root as ὀργή (orgḗ) and ἔργον (érgon).

secret rites, secret worship, practiced by the initiated


στέμμα

στέμμᾰ • (stémma) n (genitive στέμμᾰτος); third declension

στέμμᾰ (canonical)
stémma (romanization)
στέμμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ στέμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ στέμμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στέμμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στέμμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στεμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στεμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ στέμμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στεμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στέμμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
στέμμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stémmasi (dative plural)
toîs stémmasin (dative plural)
τὸ στέμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στέμμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στέμμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
στέμμᾰ (singular vocative)
στέμμᾰτε (dual vocative)
στέμμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: στέμμα (stémma)

Romanian: stemă

→ Latin: stemma

→ Italian: stemma

From στέφω (stéphō, “to encircle, crown”) + -μα (-ma), with regressive assimilation.

af

(mostly in the plural) wreath, garland, chaplet


ψύλλος

grc-noun

ψύλλος • (psúllos) m (genitive ψύλλου); second declension

psúllos (romanization)
ψύλλου (genitive)
ὁ ψῠ́λλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψῠ́λλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ψῠ́λλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψῠ́λλους (accusative plural)
ψῠ́λλε (singular vocative)
ψῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
ψῠ́λλοι (plural vocative)


τάγμα

τάγμᾰ • (tágma) n (genitive τάγμᾰτος); third declension

τάγμᾰ (canonical)
tágma (romanization)
τάγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τᾰ́γμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́γμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰ́γμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰ́γμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰ́γμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τᾰ́γμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tágmasi (dative plural)
toîs tágmasin (dative plural)
τὸ τᾰ́γμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́γμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τᾰ́γμᾰ (singular vocative)
τᾰ́γμᾰτε (dual vocative)
τᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τάγμα (tágma)

Greek: τάμα (táma)


βωμός

βωμός • (bōmós) m (genitive βωμοῦ); second declension

bōmós (romanization)
βωμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βωμός (nominative singular)
τὼ βωμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βωμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βωμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βωμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βωμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βωμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βωμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βωμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βωμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βωμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βωμούς (accusative plural)
βωμέ (singular vocative)
βωμώ (dual vocative)
βωμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βωμός (vomós)

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷōmós, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷoh₂mós, from *gʷeh₂- (“to step”) (whence ἔβην (ébēn)). Compare βῆμᾰ (bêma).


τάφρος

τάφρος • (táphros) f (genitive τάφρου); second declension

táphros (romanization)
τάφρου (genitive)
ἡ τᾰ́φρος (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́φρω (dual nominative)
αἱ τᾰ́φροι (nominative plural)
τῆς τᾰ́φρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰ́φροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰ́φρων (genitive plural)
τῇ τᾰ́φρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰ́φροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τᾰ́φροις (dative plural)
τὴν τᾰ́φρον (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́φρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τᾰ́φρους (accusative plural)
τᾰ́φρε (singular vocative)
τᾰ́φρω (dual vocative)
τᾰ́φροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰembʰ-; compare Old Armenian դամբան (damban, “tomb”).


σκαπάνη

σκᾰπᾰ́νης • (skapánēs) f (genitive σκᾰπᾰ́νης); first declension

σκᾰπᾰ́νης (canonical)
skapánēs (romanization)
σκᾰπᾰ́νης (genitive)
ἡ σκᾰπᾰ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκᾰπᾰ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκᾰπᾰ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰπᾰ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰπᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκᾰπᾰ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰπᾰ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκᾰπᾰ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν σκᾰπᾰ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκᾰπᾰ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
σκᾰπᾰ́νη (singular vocative)
σκᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
σκᾰπᾰ́ναι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκαπάνη (skapáni)

→ Translingual: Scapanus

From σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig, delve”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ánē, instrumental nominal suffix).


θάλαμος

grc-noun

θᾰ́λᾰμος • (thálamos) m (genitive θᾰλᾰ́μου); second declension

θᾰ́λᾰμος (canonical)
thálamos (romanization)
θᾰλᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ θᾰ́λᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ θᾰ́λᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰλᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰλᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰλᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰλᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν θᾰ́λᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θᾰλᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́λᾰμε (singular vocative)
θᾰλᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́λᾰμοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

The genitive singular <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">θαλάμοιο</i> (thalámoio) is found in Homer.

Greek: θάλαμος (thálamos)

desctree

→ Latin: thalamus
→ Catalan: tàlem
→ English: thalamus
→ French: thalamus
Galician: tambo (obsolete)
Italian: talamo
Sicilian: tàlamu
Spanish: tálamo

According to Beekes, most likely of Pre-Greek origin and perhaps cognate with θόλος (thólos). Kroonen however reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *dʰl̥h₂-em-o/eh₂-; compare κάλαμος (kálamos), καλάμη (kalámē) for the formation.


πένθος

grc-noun

πένθος • (pénthos) n (genitive πένθους or πένθεος); third declension

pénthos (romanization)
πένθους (genitive)
πένθεος (genitive)
τὸ πένθος (nominative singular)
τὼ πένθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πένθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πένθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πενθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πενθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πένθει (dative singular)
τοῖν πενθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πένθεσῐ (dative plural)
πένθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pénthesi (dative plural)
toîs pénthesin (dative plural)
τὸ πένθος (accusative singular)
τὼ πένθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πένθη (accusative plural)
πένθος (singular vocative)
πένθει (dual vocative)
πένθη (plural vocative)
πένθος (nominative singular)
πένθει (dual nominative)
πένθεε (dual nominative)
πένθεᾰ (nominative plural)
πένθεος (genitive singular)
πένθευς (genitive singular)
πενθέοιν (dual genitive)
πενθέων (genitive plural)
πένθει (dative singular)
πένθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
πενθέοιν (dative dual)
πένθεσῐ (dative plural)
πένθεσῐν (dative plural)
pénthesi (dative plural)
pénthesin (dative plural)
πένθος (accusative singular)
πένθει (accusative dual)
πένθεε (accusative dual)
πένθεᾰ (accusative plural)
πένθος (singular vocative)
πένθει (dual vocative)
πένθεε (dual vocative)
πένθεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷendʰ-; cognate with πάθος (páthos) and πάσχω (páskhō).


φολίδα

head

φολῐ́δᾰ • (pholída)

φολῐ́δᾰ (canonical)
pholída (romanization)


βολβός

grc-noun

βολβός • (bolbós) m (genitive βολβοῦ); second declension

bolbós (romanization)
βολβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βολβός (nominative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βολβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βολβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βολβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βολβούς (accusative plural)
βολβέ (singular vocative)
βολβώ (dual vocative)
βολβοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βολβός (volvós)

→ Latin: bulbus (see there for further descendants)

The form of the word is expressive, with a kind of reduplication. There are no direct relatives and it is reminiscent of words for round and globular objects, like Latin bulla (“water bubble”) and Latvian burbulis (“water bubble”). Further, similar to Armenian բողկ (boġk, “radish”), Sanskrit बल्बज (balbaja, “Indian goosegrass”), and Albanian bajgë.

cog

(botany) bulb of various plants, especially onion


γεωμετρία

grc-noun

γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ • (geōmetríā) f (genitive γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
geōmetríā (romanization)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γεωμετρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γεωμετρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γεωμετρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γεωμετρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γεωμετρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γεωμετρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν γεωμετρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γεωμετρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: γεωμετρία (geometría)

→ Latin: geōmetria

γεω- (geō-, “land”) + -μετρίᾱ (-metríā, “measurement”).


γλαύκωμα

grc-noun

γλαύκωμᾰ • (glaúkōma) n (genitive γλαυκώμᾰτος); third declension

γλαύκωμᾰ (canonical)
glaúkōma (romanization)
γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γλαυκώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλαυκώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γλαυκώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γλαύκωμᾰ (singular vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκωμα (gláfkoma)

→ Latin: glaucōma (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: глауко́ма (glaukóma)
→ Kazakh: глаукома (glaukoma)

From γλαυκόω (glaukóō, “to color blue-grey”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


κατασκευή

grc-noun

κᾰτᾰσκευή • (kataskeuḗ) f (genitive κᾰτᾰσκευῆς); first declension

κᾰτᾰσκευή (canonical)
kataskeuḗ (romanization)
κᾰτᾰσκευῆς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰτᾰσκευή (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰτᾰσκευαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰτᾰσκευῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰσκευαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰσκευῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰτᾰσκευῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰσκευαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰτᾰσκευαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰτᾰσκευήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰσκευή (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰσκευαί (plural vocative)

παρασκευή

antonym(s) of “permanent or fixed assets”

Greek: κατασκευή (kataskeví)

Latin: catasceua

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.5.5

preparation, construction, fitting out
unpacking

Stoic. 3.89

preparation, construction, fitting out
training

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.5

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 455b

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.21.1

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.10

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.16

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 923d

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 4.26

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 7.52

permanent or fixed assets, fixtures, plant

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.82

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.31

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.46

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 47.54

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 9.5

423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 214

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 544e

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 842c

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 739a

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 736b

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 477b

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.837

the state, condition, or constitution of a thing

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 2.1

361 BCE – 291 BCE, Dinarchus, Collected Works 1.34

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 5.38

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Commentaries on the Attic Orators: On Lysias 24

161 CE – 180 CE, Hermogenes, On Rhetorical Exercises 5

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Letters to Atticus 1.14.4

213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 11.2

Quint. 2.4.18

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 1.2.6

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Arrangement of Words 15

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Arrangement of Words 16

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Letter to Pompey 2

Diocl., Stoic. 3.214

110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 1.199S

c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 2.4

412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements 203F

Papp. 174.17

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.169

(technical term) a system of gymnastic exercise


πικραλίδα

grc-noun form

πικραλίδα • (pikralída)

accusative singular of πικραλίς (pikralís)


πικρίς

grc-noun

πικρῐ́ς • (pikrís) f (genitive πικρῐ́δος); third declension

πικρῐ́ς (canonical)
pikrís (romanization)
πικρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πικρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πικρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πικρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πικρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πικρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πικρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πικρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πικρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πικρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πικρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs pikrísi (dative plural)
taîs pikrísin (dative plural)
τὴν πικρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πικρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πικρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πικρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πικρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πικρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Picris

From πικρός (pikrós, “bitter”) + -ίς (-ís).

bristly oxtongue (Helminthotheca echioides)


ὑπηρέτης

ὑπηρέτης • (hupērétēs) m (genitive ὑπηρέτου); first declension

hupērétēs (romanization)
ὑπηρέτου (genitive)
ὁ ὑπηρέτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπηρέτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑπηρέται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑπηρέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπηρέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπηρετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπηρέταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑπηρέταις (dative plural)
τὸν ὑπηρέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπηρέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑπηρέτᾱς (accusative plural)
ὑπηρέτᾰ (singular vocative)
ὑπηρέτᾱ (dual vocative)
ὑπηρέται (plural vocative)
ὁ ὑπηρέτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπηρέτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑπηρέται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑπηρέτεω (genitive singular)
ὑπηρέτω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπηρέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπηρετέων (genitive plural)
ὑπηρετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπηρέταιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ὑπηρέτῃσῐ (dative plural)
ὑπηρέτῃσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi hupērétēisi (dative plural)
toîsi hupērétēisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸν ὑπηρέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπηρέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑπηρέτᾱς (accusative plural)
ὑπηρέτᾰ (singular vocative)
ὑπηρέτᾱ (dual vocative)
ὑπηρέται (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ϩⲩⲡⲏⲣⲉⲧⲏⲥ (hupēretēs)

Greek: υπηρέτης (ypirétis)

From ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + ἐρέσσω (eréssō, “to row”) + -της (-tēs, “-er”).

af

An Ancient Greek title, originally for a rower; In later times a title for those who performed any service in a vessel, except the soldiers or marines

Any person who acted as the assistant of another, and performed manual labour for him, whether in sacred or profane things; a slave.

A title for men by whom the hoplites (ὁπλίτης (hoplítēs)) were accompanied when they took the field, and who carried the luggage, the provisions, and the shield of the hoplites. (The more common name for this servant of the hoplites was σκευοφόρος (skeuophóros).)


βόθρος

grc-noun

βόθρος • (bóthros) m (genitive βόθρου); second declension

bóthros (romanization)
βόθρου (genitive)
ὁ βόθρος (nominative singular)
τὼ βόθρω (dual nominative)
οἱ βόθροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βόθρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βόθροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βόθρων (genitive plural)
τῷ βόθρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βόθροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βόθροις (dative plural)
τὸν βόθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ βόθρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βόθρους (accusative plural)
βόθρε (singular vocative)
βόθρω (dual vocative)
βόθροι (plural vocative)

Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)

This word and the synonymous βόθυνος (bóthunos) have been connected with Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”), Latin fodiō (“to dig”) and Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”). In order to explain the discrepancy between Greek β- and Latin f-, dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- to Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ- was assumed, or influence of βαθύς (bathús, “deep, profound”). Beekes prefers to derive the word from Pre-Greek; according to him, even the meaning suggests such origin.


λάτρις

λᾰ́τρῐς • (látris) m or f (genitive λᾰ́τρῐος); third declension

λᾰ́τρῐς (canonical)
látris (romanization)
λᾰ́τρῐος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λᾰ́τρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́τρῐε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λᾰ́τρῐες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λᾰ́τρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰτρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰτρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λᾰ́τρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰτρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λᾰ́τρῐσῐ (dative plural)
λᾰ́τρῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs látrisi (dative plural)
taîs látrisin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λᾰ́τρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́τρῐε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰ́τρῑς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́τρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́τρῐ (singular vocative)
λᾰ́τρῐε (dual vocative)
λᾰ́τρῐες (plural vocative)

From λᾰ́τρον (látron, “hire, payment”), putatively from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”) or *leh₁-t- (“to let, grant”), thereby cognate with Proto-Germanic *lēþą (“possession, ownership”) (though there are phonetic problems) and Latin latrō (“mercenary”).
On the other hand, Beekes rejects the Indo-European etymology and suggests Pre-Greek origin. He considers -ρ- (-r-) in this case to be a Pre-Greek suffix. The Latin cognate may instead be borrowed from an unattested form *λάτρων (*látrōn).

cog

Ἀπόλλωνος λάτριν


ψίχαι

(hapax) animate alternative plural of ψίξ (psíx), not attested in regular text, but only in Hesychius' manuscript; editors of Hesychius' dictionary correct it to ψίχες.


κιχώριον

grc-noun

κιχώριον • (kikhṓrion) n (genitive κιχωρίου); ? declension

kikhṓrion (romanization)
κιχωρίου (genitive)

Alternative spelling of κιχόριον (kikhórion)


βάσεις

head

βᾰ́σεις • (báseis) f

βᾰ́σεις (canonical)
báseis (romanization)

English: baseis


μοναρχία

grc-noun

μοναρχίᾱ • (monarkhíā) f (genitive μοναρχίᾱς); first declension

μοναρχίᾱ (canonical)
monarkhíā (romanization)
μοναρχίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μοναρχίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μοναρχίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μοναρχίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μοναρχίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μοναρχίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μοναρχιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μοναρχίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μοναρχίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μοναρχίαις (dative plural)
τὴν μοναρχίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μοναρχίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μοναρχίᾱς (accusative plural)
μοναρχίᾱ (singular vocative)
μοναρχίᾱ (dual vocative)
μοναρχίαι (plural vocative)

Late Latin: monarchia (see there for further descendants)

Derived from μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “monarch”) + -ία (-ía, noun-forming suffix).
By surface analysis, μόνος (mónos, “sole, only”) + -αρχία (-arkhía, “rule, government”).


μονάρχης

grc-noun

μονᾰ́ρχης • (monárkhēs) m (genitive μονᾰ́ρχου); first declension

μονᾰ́ρχης (canonical)
monárkhēs (romanization)
μονᾰ́ρχου (genitive)
ὁ μονᾰ́ρχης (nominative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́ρχᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μονᾰ́ρχαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μονᾰ́ρχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́ρχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονᾰρχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μονᾰ́ρχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́ρχαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μονᾰ́ρχαις (dative plural)
τὸν μονᾰ́ρχην (accusative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́ρχᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μονᾰ́ρχᾱς (accusative plural)
μονᾰ́ρχᾰ (singular vocative)
μονᾰ́ρχᾱ (dual vocative)
μονᾰ́ρχαι (plural vocative)

→ Basque: monarka

→ Bulgarian: монарх (monarh)

→ Catalan: monarca

→ Czech: monarcha

→ Danish: monark

→ Dutch: monarch

→ English: monarch

→ Finnish: monarkki

→ French: monarque

→ German: Monarch

Greek: μονάρχης (monárchis)

→ Irish: monarc

→ Italian: monarca

→ Latin: monarcha

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: monark

Nynorsk: monark

→ Polish: monarcha

→ Portuguese: monarca

→ Russian: мона́рх (monárx)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀нарх

Latin script: mònarh

→ Spanish: monarca

→ Swedish: monark

Derived from μόνος (mónos, “single”, “only”) + -άρχης (-árkhēs, “ruler”, “leader”).

suffix

Alternative form of μόναρχος (mónarkhos)


μοχλός

grc-noun

μοχλός • (mokhlós) m (genitive μοχλοῦ); second declension

mokhlós (romanization)
μοχλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μοχλός (nominative singular)
τὼ μοχλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μοχλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μοχλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μοχλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μοχλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μοχλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μοχλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μοχλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μοχλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μοχλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μοχλούς (accusative plural)
μοχλέ (singular vocative)
μοχλώ (dual vocative)
μοχλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: μοχλός (mochlós)

desc

→ Arabic: مُحْل (muḥl), مُخْل (muḵl), مَحَال (maḥāl), مَحَالَة (maḥāla), مَخَال／مِخَال／مُخَال (maḵāl), مِيخَال (mīḵāl)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲟⲭⲗⲟⲥ (mokhlos)

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܟܠܐ (muḵlā)

→ Old Georgian: მოქლონი (mokloni)

Georgian: მოქლონი (mokloni)

According to Beekes, ultimately of Pre-Greek origin.


χρυσόμαλλον δέρας

head

χρυσόμαλλον δέρας • (khrusómallon déras) n

desc

χρυσόμαλλο δέρας

Greek: χρυσόμαλλο δέρας n (chrysómallo déras)


πολιτεία

grc-noun

πολῑτείᾱ • (polīteíā) f (genitive πολιτείᾱς); first declension

πολῑτείᾱ (canonical)
polīteíā (romanization)
πολιτείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πολῑτείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῑτείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πολῑτεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πολῑτείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῑτείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῑτειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πολῑτείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῑτείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πολῑτείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πολῑτείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῑτείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πολῑτείᾱς (accusative plural)
πολῑτείᾱ (singular vocative)
πολῑτείᾱ (dual vocative)
πολῑτεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ English: politeia

Greek: πολιτεία (politeía)

→ Latin: polītīa (see there for further descendants)

From πολῑ́της (polī́tēs, “citizen”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun–forming suffix).

affix

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 21.7

the relation in which a citizen stands to the state, the condition and rights of a citizen, citizenship

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 4.4.31

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.34

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.4.6

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 219

the life and business of a statesman, government, administration

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 8.10.1

civil polity, the condition or constitution of a state

a well-ordered republican government, a commonwealth

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of the Athenians 1.1

Antiphanes 120.40


χορεία

grc-noun

χορείᾱ • (khoreíā) f (genitive χορείᾱς); first declension

χορείᾱ (canonical)
khoreíā (romanization)
χορείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χορείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ χορείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χορεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χορείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χορείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χορείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χορείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χορείαις (dative plural)
τὴν χορείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χορείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χορείᾱς (accusative plural)
χορείᾱ (singular vocative)
χορείᾱ (dual vocative)
χορεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ English: chorea

desctree

→ Latin: chorea
Catalan: corea
French: chorée
Italian: corea
Portuguese: coreia
Spanish: corea

From χορός (khorós, “dance, choir”) + -είᾱ (-eíā).

affix

dance, especially choral dance with music


χήρα

grc-noun

χήρᾱ • (khḗrā) f (genitive χήρᾱς); first declension

χήρᾱ (canonical)
khḗrā (romanization)
χήρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χήρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ χήρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χῆραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χήρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χήραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χήρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χήραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χήραις (dative plural)
τὴν χήρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χήρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χήρᾱς (accusative plural)
χήρᾱ (singular vocative)
χήρᾱ (dual vocative)
χῆραι (plural vocative)

Greek: χήρα (chíra)

desc

Pontic Greek: χ̌έρα (šéra), χ̌όρα (šóra)

→ Laz: შირა (şira)

This word replaced the old word for "widow" found in Latin vidua; a cognate of this is retained in ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos, “unmarried youth”). It is assumed that the origin of this word is Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”); compare Sanskrit जहाति (jahāti, “to desert, leave, resign”) and Latin hērēs (“heir”).


μᾶζα

grc-noun

μᾶζᾰ • (mâza) f (genitive μᾱ́ζης); first declension

μᾶζᾰ (canonical)
mâza (romanization)
μᾱ́ζης (genitive)
ἡ μᾶζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾶζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾱ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾱζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾱ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾱ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾶζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾱ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾶζᾰ (singular vocative)
μᾱ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾶζαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μάζα (máza)

desctree

→ Abkhaz: амажәа (amaẑʷa), амаҙәа (amaźʷa) — Bzyb
→ Mingrelian: მაზვა (mazva)

→ Abaza: мажва (mažʷa)

→ Adyghe: мэджа (mɛdža)

→ Kabardian: мэжа (mɛža)

→ Latin: massa (see there for further descendants)

From μαγῆμαι (magêmai) + -ια (-ia), the former component from μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).


φόνος

grc-noun

φόνος • (phónos) m (genitive φόνου); second declension

phónos (romanization)
φόνου (genitive)
ὁ φόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ φόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ φόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ φόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν φόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φόνους (accusative plural)
φόνε (singular vocative)
φόνω (dual vocative)
φόνοι (plural vocative)
φόνος (nominative singular)
φόνω (dual nominative)
φόνοι (nominative plural)
φόνου (genitive singular)
φονοῖο (genitive singular)
φόνοιο (genitive singular)
φονόο (genitive singular)
φόνοο (genitive singular)
φόνοιῐν (dual genitive)
φόνων (genitive plural)
φόνῳ (dative singular)
φόνοιῐν (dative dual)
φόνοισῐ (dative plural)
φόνοισῐν (dative plural)
φόνοις (dative plural)
phónoisi (dative plural)
phónoisin (dative plural)
phónois (dative plural)
φόνον (accusative singular)
φόνω (accusative dual)
φόνους (accusative plural)
φόνε (singular vocative)
φόνω (dual vocative)
φόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: φόνος (fónos)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰónos, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-. Related to θείνω (theínō, “to strike”) and ἔπεφνον (épephnon, “to slay”).

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.430

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Conon 25


τρόπος

τρόπος • (trópos) m (genitive τρόπου); second declension

trópos (romanization)
τρόπου (genitive)
ὁ τρόπος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρόπω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρόποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρόπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρόπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρόποις (dative plural)
τὸν τρόπον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρόπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρόπους (accusative plural)
τρόπε (singular vocative)
τρόπω (dual vocative)
τρόποι (plural vocative)

→ English: tropo-

Greek: τρόπος (trópos)

→ Latin: tropus

the time and space on the battlefield when one side's belief turns from victory to defeat, the turning point of the battle


θήραμα

θήρᾱμᾰ • (thḗrāma) f (genitive θηρᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension

θήρᾱμᾰ (canonical)
thḗrāma (romanization)
θηρᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ θήρᾱμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ θηρᾱ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θηρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θηρᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηρᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηρᾱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θηρᾱ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηρᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θηρᾱ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
θηρᾱ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thērā́masi (dative plural)
toîs thērā́masin (dative plural)
τὸ θήρᾱμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θηρᾱ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θηρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
θήρᾱμᾰ (singular vocative)
θηρᾱ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
θηρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: θήραμα (thírama)

From θηρᾰ́ω (thēráō, “to hunt, chase”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


ἦθος

grc-noun

ἦθος • (êthos) n (genitive ἤθους); third declension

êthos (romanization)
ἤθους (genitive)
τὸ ἦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤθει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤθεσῐ (dative plural)
ἤθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ḗthesi (dative plural)
toîs ḗthesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἦθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤθη (accusative plural)
ἦθος (singular vocative)
ἤθει (dual vocative)
ἤθη (plural vocative)
ἦθος (nominative singular)
ἤθει (dual nominative)
ἤθεε (dual nominative)
ἤθεᾰ (nominative plural)
ἤθεος (genitive singular)
ἤθευς (genitive singular)
ἠθέοιν (dual genitive)
ἠθέων (genitive plural)
ἤθει (dative singular)
ἤθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἠθέοιν (dative dual)
ἤθεσῐ (dative plural)
ἤθεσῐν (dative plural)
ḗthesi (dative plural)
ḗthesin (dative plural)
ἦθος (accusative singular)
ἤθει (accusative dual)
ἤθεε (accusative dual)
ἤθεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦθος (singular vocative)
ἤθει (dual vocative)
ἤθεε (dual vocative)
ἤθεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ἦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤθει (dual nominative)
ἤθεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤθεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤθεος (genitive singular)
ἤθευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠθέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠθέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤθει (dative singular)
ἤθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠθέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἤθεσῐ (dative plural)
ἤθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi ḗthesi (dative plural)
toîsi ḗthesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ἦθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤθει (accusative dual)
ἤθεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤθεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦθος (singular vocative)
ἤθει (dual vocative)
ἤθεε (dual vocative)
ἤθεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ήθος (íthos)

→ English: ethos

→ Latin: ēthos

Expanded form of ἔθος (éthos). Cognate with Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).


ῥόδον

grc-noun

ῥόδον • (rhódon) n (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension

rhódon (romanization)
ῥόδου (genitive)
ῥοδάριον (diminutive)
τὸ ῥόδον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόδοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῥόδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥόδον (singular vocative)
ῥόδω (dual vocative)
ῥόδᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ῥόδον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ῥόδοισῐ (dative plural)
ῥόδοισῐν (dative plural)
ῥόδοις (dative plural)
toîsi rhódoisi (dative plural)
toîsi rhódoisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
rhódois (dative plural)
τὸ ῥόδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥόδον (singular vocative)
ῥόδω (dual vocative)
ῥόδᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ρόδο (ródo)

⇒ New Latin: rhodium (see there for further descendants)

→? Oscan:

→? Latin: rosa (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *wródon, borrowed from some Eastern language, most likely Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower, rose”) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀈𐀸 (wo-do-we), Old Persian *vr̥dah, Aramaic 𐡅𐡀𐡓𐡃𐡀 (warda), Classical Syriac ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Demotic wrṱ, Arabic وردة (warda), Persian گل (gol) – all from the same source). An alternative source could possibly be as a Pre-Greek loan, such as Thracian (the rose was native to Thrace). Rüdiger Schmitt believes that, based on phonological and historical grounds, borrowing from Iranian is unlikely.
Latin rosa (“rose”) is likely a loanword from Ancient Greek.


ἐμπειρία

ἐμπειρίᾱ • (empeiríā) f (genitive ἐμπειρίᾱς); first declension

ἐμπειρίᾱ (canonical)
empeiríā (romanization)
ἐμπειρίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐμπειρίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμπειρίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐμπειρίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐμπειρίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμπειρίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμπειριῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐμπειρίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμπειρίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐμπειρίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐμπειρίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμπειρίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐμπειρίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐμπειρίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐμπειρίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐμπειρίαι (plural vocative)

Abstract noun from ἔμπειρος (émpeiros, “experienced”) + -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

suffix

experience; mere experience or practice without knowledge, especially in medicine; empiricism


μετριότητα

grc-noun form

μετρῐότητᾰ • (metriótēta)

μετρῐότητᾰ (canonical)
metriótēta (romanization)

accusative singular of μετριότης (metriótēs)


θεραπεία

grc-noun

θερᾰπείᾱ • (therapeíā) f (genitive θερᾰπείᾱς); first declension

θερᾰπείᾱ (canonical)
therapeíā (romanization)
θερᾰπείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θερᾰπείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θερᾰπείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θερᾰπεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θερᾰπείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερᾰπειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θερᾰπείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θερᾰπείαις (dative plural)
τὴν θερᾰπείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θερᾰπείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θερᾰπείᾱς (accusative plural)
θερᾰπείᾱ (singular vocative)
θερᾰπείᾱ (dual vocative)
θερᾰπεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: teràpia

→ Danish: terapi

→ Dutch: therapie
→ Indonesian: terapi

desctree

→ French: thérapie
→ Norwegian Bokmål: terapi
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: terapi
→ Romanian: terapie
→ Russian: терапия (terapija)
→ Georgian: თერაპია (teraṗia)
→ Turkish: terapi

→ German: Therapie

→ Greek: θεραπεία (therapeía) (learned)

→ Italian: terapia
→ Maltese: terapija

→ Latin: therapīa
→ English: therapy
→ Finnish: terapia
→ Hungarian: terápia
→ Norwegian Bokmål: terapi
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: terapi
→ Ukrainian: терапія (terapija)

→ Latvian: terapija

→ Sicilian: tirapìa

→ Spanish: terapia

From θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “to heal”) + -ία (-ía).

af

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.16


κύστις

grc-noun

κύστις • (kústis) f (genitive κύστεως); third declension

kústis (romanization)
κύστεως (genitive)
ἡ κῠ́στῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠ́στεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠ́στεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́στεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠ́στει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠ́στεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́στεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kústesi (dative plural)
taîs kústesin (dative plural)
τὴν κῠ́στῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́στεις (accusative plural)
κῠ́στῐ (singular vocative)
κῠ́στει (dual vocative)
κῠ́στεις (plural vocative)

French: kyste

Greek: κύστη (kýsti)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) or from κύω (kúō).


κυψέλη

grc-noun

κῠψέλη • (kupsélē) f (genitive κῠψέλης); first declension

κῠψέλη (canonical)
kupsélē (romanization)
κῠψέλης (genitive)
ἡ κῠψέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠψέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠψέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠψελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠψέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠψέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῠψέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠψέλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠψέλη (singular vocative)
κῠψέλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠψέλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυψέλη (kypséli)

Not related to κύπη (kúpē, “kind of ship”), nor derived from κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend, stoop”). According to Beekes, clearly a Pre-Greek word, given the variant.


μέθη

μέθη • (méthē) f (genitive μέθης); third declension

méthē (romanization)
μέθης (genitive)
ἡ μέθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μέθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μέθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μέθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μέθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μέθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μέθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μέθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μέθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μέθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μέθᾱς (accusative plural)
μέθη (singular vocative)
μέθᾱ (dual vocative)
μέθαι (plural vocative)


πηλός

πηλός • (pēlós) m or f (genitive πηλοῦ); second declension

pēlós (romanization)
πηλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πηλός (nominative singular)
τὼ πηλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πηλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πηλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πηλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πηλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πηλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πηλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πηλούς (accusative plural)
πηλέ (singular vocative)
πηλώ (dual vocative)
πηλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: πηλός (pilós)

Without a convincing etymology. Perhaps from Pre-Greek.


πραγματεία

πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ • (prāgmateíā) f (genitive πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱς); first declension

πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (canonical)
prāgmateíā (romanization)
πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πρᾱγμᾰτεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾱγμᾰτείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾱγμᾰτειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πρᾱγμᾰτείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾱγμᾰτείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρᾱγμᾰτείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱς (accusative plural)
πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (singular vocative)
πρᾱγμᾰτείᾱ (dual vocative)
πρᾱγμᾰτεῖαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πραγματεία (pragmateía)

From πρᾶγμᾰ (prâgma, “matter, affair”) + -είᾱ (-eíā).

affix

systematic or scientific historical treatise


ἀτμός

grc-noun

ἀτμός • (atmós) m (genitive ἀτμοῦ); second declension

atmós (romanization)
ἀτμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀτμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀτμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀτμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀτμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀτμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀτμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀτμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀτμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀτμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀτμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀτμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀτμούς (accusative plural)
ἀτμέ (singular vocative)
ἀτμώ (dual vocative)
ἀτμοί (plural vocative)

→ English: atmo-

Greek: ατμός (atmós)

From *ἀετμός (*aetmós) (only attested in an inflected gloss ἀετμόν (aetmón, “wind”)), of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), and connected with ἄημι (áēmi, “to breathe, blow”) (as well as ἀϋτμή (aütmḗ, “breath, scent”), which is now considered unrelated); however, this leaves the vocalism unexplained. Despite superficially similar semantics and phonetics, not from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) (whence German Atem (“breath”), Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “breath; soul”)).


διατριβή

grc-noun

δῐᾰτρῐβή • (diatribḗ) f (genitive δῐᾰτρῐβῆς); first declension

δῐᾰτρῐβή (canonical)
diatribḗ (romanization)
δῐᾰτρῐβῆς (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰτρῐβή (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰτρῐβᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰτρῐβαί (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰτρῐβῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰτρῐβαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰτρῐβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰτρῐβῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰτρῐβαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰτρῐβαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰτρῐβήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰτρῐβᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰτρῐβᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰτρῐβή (singular vocative)
δῐᾰτρῐβᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰτρῐβαί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: διατριβή f (diatriví, “treatise”)

Latin: diatriba

From δῐᾰτρῑ́βω (diatrī́bō, “to spend time”) + -η (-ē).

affix

a way of spending time
pastime, hobby, amusement

a way of spending time
occupation, employment, study

a way of spending time
waste of time, delay


τρίαινα

grc-noun

τρῐ́αινᾰ • (tríaina) f (genitive τρῐαίνης); first declension

τρῐ́αινᾰ (canonical)
tríaina (romanization)
τρῐαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́αιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῐαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́αινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρῐ́αινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρῐαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῐ́αιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: τρίαινα (tríaina)

From τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + -αινᾰ (-aina). Chantraine considers a folk-etymological transformation after the numeral. Furnée compares τρίναξ (trínax, “instrument used in agriculture”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “three-pronged fork”), and asks whether the word could be a transformation of a Pre-Greek loan for an agricultural tool.


πέλεκυς

πέλεκῠς • (pélekus) m (genitive πελέκεως); third declension

πέλεκῠς (canonical)
pélekus (romanization)
πελέκεως (genitive)
ὁ πέλεκῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ πελέκει (dual nominative)
οἱ πελέκεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελέκεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελεκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελέκεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πελέκει (dative singular)
τοῖν πελεκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελέκεσῐ (dative plural)
πελέκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pelékesi (dative plural)
toîs pelékesin (dative plural)
τὸν πέλεκῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ πελέκει (accusative dual)
τοὺς πελέκεις (accusative plural)
πέλεκῠ (singular vocative)
πελέκει (dual vocative)
πελέκεις (plural vocative)
πέλεκῠς (nominative singular)
πελέκει (dual nominative)
πελέκεες (nominative plural)
πελέκεος (genitive singular)
πελεκέοιῐν (dual genitive)
πελέκεων (genitive plural)
πελέκει (dative singular)
πελεκέοιῐν (dative dual)
πελέκεσσι (dative plural)
πελέκεσσιν (dative plural)
pelékessi (dative plural)
pelékessin (dative plural)
πέλεκῠν (accusative singular)
πελέκει (accusative dual)
πελέκεᾰς (accusative plural)
πέλεκῠ (singular vocative)
πελέκει (dual vocative)
πελέκεες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πελέκεσσι(ν)

Greek: πέλεκυς (pélekys)

Compare Sanskrit परशु (paraśú, “axe”) and Ossetian фӕрӕт (færæt, “axe”). This word often considered a Wanderwort, with similarity to Akkadian 𒁄 (pilakku, pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle, harp”), itself from Sumerian 𒁄 (balag, “wooden handle; spindle, harp; possibly a split piece of wood or wooden wedge”); compare Arabic فَلَقَ (falaqa, “to split apart”) and πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “axe handle”). This has led some to suggest that the Proto-Indo-European terms are ultimately borrowed through the Akkadian or a Semitic source. Furnée points to βέλεκκος (bélekkos, “kind of pulse”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.


συλλαβή

grc-noun

σῠλλᾰβή • (sullabḗ) f (genitive σῠλλᾰβῆς); first declension

σῠλλᾰβή (canonical)
sullabḗ (romanization)
σῠλλᾰβῆς (genitive)
ἡ σῠλλᾰβή (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠλλᾰβαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠλλᾰβῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠλλᾰβαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠλλᾰβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠλλᾰβῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠλλᾰβαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠλλᾰβαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῠλλᾰβήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῠλλᾰβή (singular vocative)
σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῠλλᾰβαί (plural vocative)

Greek: συλλαβή (syllaví)

→ Latin: syllaba

From συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “bring together”).

that which holds together, i.e. a girdle

(grammar) several letters combined, syllable


παράγραφος

παράγραφος • (parágraphos) f (genitive παραγράφου); second declension

parágraphos (romanization)
παραγράφου (genitive)

→ Latin: paragraphus

From παρά (pará, “beside”) + γράφω (gráphō, “to write”) + -ος (-os).

af

short stroke in the margin marking a break in sense


σφαγή

grc-noun

σφᾰγή • (sphagḗ) f (genitive σφαγῆς); first declension

σφᾰγή (canonical)
sphagḗ (romanization)
σφαγῆς (genitive)
ἡ σφᾰγή (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφᾰγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σφᾰγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφᾰγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφᾰγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σφᾰγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφᾰγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σφᾰγή (singular vocative)
σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σφᾰγαί (plural vocative)

From σφᾰ́ζω (spházō, “to slaughter”) + -ή (-ḗ).

suffix

(anatomy) throat, the spot where the victim is struck


τιμόνι

head

τιμόνι • (timóni) n

desctree

Greek: τιμόνι (timóni)
→ Romanian: timonă

→ Ottoman Turkish: دومن (dümen)
Turkish: dümen, domen, dömen, demen (dialectal)
→ Albanian: dymen
→ Arabic: دُومَان (dūmān)
→ Armenian: (Constantinople) տիւմէն (tiwmēn), (Van) դուման (duman)
→ Bulgarian: дюме́н (djumén)
→ Dalmatian: dùmen
→ Moroccan Arabic: دمان (dmān)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ду̀мен
Latin script: dùmen
→ Ukrainian: деме́н (demén), деме́но (deméno)

desc

→ Laz: დიმონი (dimoni), დიმარი (dimari) — Vitse

→ Middle Georgian: ტიმონი (ṭimoni)

καὶ πάλϊν μεταποίησον τὸν οὐρανὸν καράβην · τὰ νέφη χρισιοἄρμενα τιμόνη τὸ φεγγάρη · καραβοκύρην ἄνεμον καὶ ναύταις τοὺς ἀστέρας

14th c., Κρασοπατέρας, in ms. Vind. theol. gr. 244 (16th c.), folio 328v

And again transform the sky into a ship, // the clouds into golden sails, into a rudder the Moon, // into a captain the wind, and into sailors the stars.

kaì pálïn metapoíēson tòn ouranòn karábēn ; tà néphē khrisioármena timónē tò phengárē ; karabokúrēn ánemon kaì naútais toùs astéras


ἀρχός

grc-noun

ἀρχός • (arkhós) m (genitive ἀρχοῦ); second declension

arkhós (romanization)
ἀρχοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀρχός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρχώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀρχοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρχοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρχῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρχοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀρχόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρχώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀρχούς (accusative plural)
ἀρχέ (singular vocative)
ἀρχώ (dual vocative)
ἀρχοί (plural vocative)

See ἄρχω (árkhō, “I begin, I am first, I rule”).


φάγος

φᾰ́γος • (phágos) m (genitive φᾰ́γου); second declension

φᾰ́γος (canonical)
phágos (romanization)
φᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ φᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
φᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
φᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

English: -phagous

Greek: φαγάς m (fagás, “glutton”)

From φᾰγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”) + -ος (-os).


θεωρός

θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension

theōrós (romanization)
θεωροῦ (genitive)
ὁ θεωρός (nominative singular)
τὼ θεωρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θεωροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεωροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεωροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θεωρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεωροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεωροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θεωρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θεωρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θεωρούς (accusative plural)
θεωρέ (singular vocative)
θεωρώ (dual vocative)
θεωροί (plural vocative)

From an earlier *θεᾱ-(ϝ)ορός (*theā-(w)orós), *θεη-(ϝ)ορός (*theē-(w)orós), from the roots of θέᾱ (théā, “sight, view, perspective”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”), although perhaps with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”).


ἀπάτη

ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη • (apátē) f (genitive ᾰ̓πᾰ́της); first declension

ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη (canonical)
apátē (romanization)
ᾰ̓πᾰ́της (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓πᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓πᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓πᾰ́της (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓πᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓πᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓πᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓πᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓πᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓πᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓πᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓πᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓πᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓πᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

Greek: απάτη (apáti)

Of unclear origin. Beekes rejects Pederson's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to pass; path”) and tentatively derives the word from Pre-Greek, in view of semantically similar words like ἠπεροπεύς (ēperopeús, “cheat, deceiver”) and ἀπαφίσκω (apaphískō, “to cheat, beguile”), which appear related to ἀπάτη (apátē) but which are difficult to reconcile with Indo-European morphological processes.


λέξις

grc-noun

λέξῐς • (léxis) f (genitive λέξεως); third declension

λέξῐς (canonical)
léxis (romanization)
λέξεως (genitive)
ἡ λέξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λέξει (dual nominative)
αἱ λέξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς λέξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ λέξει (dative singular)
τοῖν λεξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λέξεσῐ (dative plural)
λέξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs léxesi (dative plural)
taîs léxesin (dative plural)
τὴν λέξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ λέξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λέξεις (accusative plural)
λέξῐ (singular vocative)
λέξει (dual vocative)
λέξεις (plural vocative)

Greek: λέξη (léxi)

→ English: lexis

→ Latin: lexis

desctree

→ Old Georgian: ლექსი (leksi)
Georgian: ლექსი (leksi)
→ Bats: ლექს (leks)
→ Laz: ლექსი (leksi)
→ Mingrelian: ლერსი (lersi), ლერცი (lerci), ლექსი (leksi)
→ Svan: ლექს (leks)

From λέγω (légō, “speak”) + -σῐς (-sis).

a saying, speech
a way of speaking, diction, style

(grammar) a word peculiar in form or significance

word, phrase
a word peculiar in form or significance


ἄρχων

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρχοντος); third declension

ᾰ̓́ρχων (canonical)
árkhōn (romanization)
ᾰ̓́ρχοντος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́ρχων (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́ρχοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρχοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρχόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs árkhousi (dative plural)
toîs árkhousin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρχον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες (plural vocative)

A noun use of the present participle of ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”).


πεῖρα

πεῖρᾰ • (peîra) f (genitive πείρᾱς); first declension

πεῖρᾰ (canonical)
peîra (romanization)
πείρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πεῖρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πείρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πεῖραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πείρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πείραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πειρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πείρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πείραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πείραις (dative plural)
τὴν πεῖρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πείρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πείρᾱς (accusative plural)
πεῖρᾰ (singular vocative)
πείρᾱ (dual vocative)
πεῖραι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *peřřa, from Proto-Indo-European *pér-ih₂ ~ *pr̥-yéh₂s, from *per- (“to try, risk”) + *-ih₂. Cognate with Old Armenian փորձ (pʻorj, “attempt, try”), Latin perīculum (“trial, risk”), Proto-Germanic *fērō (“danger”).


φλέψ

grc-noun

φλέψ • (phléps) f (genitive φλεβός); third declension

phléps (romanization)
φλεβός (genitive)
ἡ φλέψ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (dual nominative)
αἱ φλέβες (nominative plural)
τῆς φλεβός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλεβῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλεψῐ́ (dative plural)
φλεψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phlepsí (dative plural)
taîs phlepsín (dative plural)
τὴν φλέβᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλέβᾰς (accusative plural)
φλέψ (singular vocative)
φλέβε (dual vocative)
φλέβες (plural vocative)

English: phlebo-

Greek: φλέβα (fléva)

Traditionally linked to a large group of words beginning with "φλ-", like φλέω (phléō), φλύω (phlúō) and φλύκταινα (phlúktaina). It has been supposed to be an enlargement in -gʷ- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell”), but this would not solve anything. Thus, a Pre-Greek origin is the most probable hypothesis.

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.546


θέα

grc-noun

θέᾱ • (théā) f (genitive θέᾱς); first declension

θέᾱ (canonical)
théā (romanization)
θέᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θέᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θέᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέαις (dative plural)
τὴν θέᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέᾱς (accusative plural)
θέᾱ (singular vocative)
θέᾱ (dual vocative)
θέαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰáwā, from the root of θεάομαι (theáomai) and θαῦμα (thaûma).


ξύλον

ξῠ́λον • (xúlon) n (genitive ξῠ́λου); second declension

ξῠ́λον (canonical)
xúlon (romanization)
ξῠ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ξῠ́λον (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῠ́λᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ξῠ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῠ́λᾰ (accusative plural)
ξῠ́λον (singular vocative)
ξῠ́λω (dual vocative)
ξῠ́λᾰ (plural vocative)

Dutch: xylo-

English: xylo-

Greek: ξύλο (xýlo)

desc

Mariupol Greek: кси́ла (ksíla), кси́лу (ksílu)

Irish: xili-

Italian: xilo-

Spanish: xilo-

Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European *ksewlo-, which is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, comb”) or from *ḱes- (“to cut”), and compared with Lithuanian šùlas (“post, pole, stave”), Russian шу́ло (šúlo, “garden-pole”) (from Proto-Slavic *šulo), Serbo-Croatian šȗlj (“block”), Old High German sūl (“style, pole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls, “pillar”).
However, Beekes is skeptical of ultimate Indo-European origin, and suspects the Greek, Balto-Slavic, and Germanic terms to be borrowed from a common substrate source. See also ξύω (xúō, “to scrape, polish”), ξόανον (xóanon, “wooden image”).

der

ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε, ὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφ’ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά

And furthermore gather abundant wood, that all night long until early dawn we may burn fires full many.

epì dè xúla pollà légesthe, hṓs ken pannúkhioi mésph’ ēoûs ērigeneíēs kaíōmen purà pollá

ἕστηκε ξύλον αὖον ὅσον τ’ ὄργυι’ ὑπὲρ αἴης

There standeth, a fathom's height above the ground, a dry stump.

héstēke xúlon aûon hóson t’ órgui’ hupèr aíēs

οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ αὐτῶν ξύλων κορύνας ἔχοντες ἑστᾶσι τοῦ ἱροῦ ἐν τῇ ἐσόδῳ

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.63.1

[…] while most of them go and stand in the entrance to the temple with clubs in their hands.

hoi dè polloì autôn xúlōn korúnas ékhontes hestâsi toû hiroû en têi esódōi

ποιέοντα δὲ αὐτὸν ταῦτα καὶ παραφρονήσαντα ἔδησαν οἱ προσήκοντες ἐν ξύλῳ

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.75.2

For doing this, and because he was out of his mind, his relative bound him in the stocks.

poiéonta dè autòn taûta kaì paraphronḗsanta édēsan hoi prosḗkontes en xúlōi

an instrument of punishment: wooden collar, stocks, gallows, stake

ἔστιν οὖν ὅστις ἂν τοῦ ξύλου καὶ τοῦ χωρίου καὶ τῶν γραμματείων τοσαύτην ὑπέμεινε φέρειν μίσθωσιν

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 33

Now, is there any man who would have submitted to the payment of so large a rental for the table, the site, and the books?

éstin oûn hóstis àn toû xúlou kaì toû khōríou kaì tôn grammateíōn tosaútēn hupémeine phérein místhōsin

τὸ δὲ παρὰ θάλατταν πλέον ἢ ἐπὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.4.5

The land bordering the coast is thickly covered for more than twenty stadia with an abundance of heavy trees of all sorts.

tò dè parà thálattan pléon ḕ epì eíkosi stadíous dasù polloîs kaì pantodapoîs kaì megálois xúlois

Anthology of Planudes 4.187

50 CE – 150 CE, Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon 5.22

10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Geometrica 23.4.11