ἀνατομή

ἀνατομή • (anatomḗ) f (genitive ἀνατομῆς); first declension

anatomḗ (romanization)
ἀνατομῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀνατομή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνατομᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνατομαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνατομῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνατομαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνατομῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνατομῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνατομαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνατομαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνατομήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνατομᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνατομᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀνατομή (singular vocative)
ἀνατομᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀνατομαί (plural vocative)

Greek: ανατομή (anatomí)

From ἀνατέμνω (anatémnō, “to cut up”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).

affix

a cutting up, especially of an animal or person, mutilation, dissection


φλόγα

head

φλόγᾰ • (phlóga)


ἄγκυρα

grc-noun

ἄγκῡρα • (ánkūra) f (genitive ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς); first declension

ἄγκῡρα (canonical)
ánkūra (romanization)
ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἄγκῡρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγκῡ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄγκῡραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγκῡ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγκῡρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγκῡ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγκῡ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγκῡ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄγκῡρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγκῡ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἄγκῡρᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀγκῡ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἄγκῡραι (plural vocative)

Greek: άγκυρα (ágkyra)

→ Latin: ancora (or a cognate) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Tamil: 𑀦𑀗𑁰𑀓𑀽𑀭𑀫𑁰 (naṅkūram)
Malayalam: നങ്കൂരം (naṅkūraṁ), അങ്കുരം (aṅkuraṁ)
Tamil: நங்கூரம் (naṅkūram)

→ Persian: لنگر (langar)
→ Arabic: أَنْجَر (ʔanjar)
→ Gujarati: લંગર (laṅgar)
→ Ottoman Turkish: لنگر (lenger)
Turkish: lenger
→ Armenian: լէնկէռ (lēnkēṙ)
→ Uyghur: لەڭگەر (lengger)
→ Mandarin: 蘭干 (Lángān)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk-ur-ya-, from *h₂enk- (“corner, hirn”) (whence also ἄγκος (ánkos)). This is supported by the OED; however, Beekes is skeptical, due to the suffix -ῡρα (-ūra) being associated with presumably-substrate words including γέφῡρᾰ (géphūra, “dam, dike”) and γόργῡρα (górgūra, “underground sewer”), and takes the word as Pre-Greek.
The Greek word is the origin of or from the same source as Latin ancora.


ἀμυγδάλη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη • (amugdálē) f (genitive ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης); first declension

ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (canonical)
amugdálē (romanization)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: αμύγδαλο (amýgdalo)

→ Latin: amygdala

Unknown.
According to Beekes, γδ-σγ alternations in the word's variants indicate "a typical" Pre-Greek substrate word, tentatively reconstructed as *amutʸgala. He also supports Furnée's comparison with μύκηρος (múkēros, “almond, kind of a nut”) and a couple of Anatolian words related to sweetness, such as Hittite [script needed] (mitgaimi-, “sweet bread”).
Alternatively, Blažek considers it possible to allow for Semitic provenance, namely to contain the term present in Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šāqḗḏ, “almond”), see there for variants, while accounting for the Greek /al/ by deeming a blend with the term in Hebrew דֶּקֶל (déqel, “palm tree; date”) to participate, imagining derivations *midqalā “place planted with date-palms” and miṯqadā “place planted with almond-trees” and hybridized miṯqalā.


σίδηρος

grc-noun

σῐ́δηρος • (sídēros) m (genitive σῐδήρου); second declension

σῐ́δηρος (canonical)
sídēros (romanization)
σῐδήρου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδήροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)
σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
σῐδηροῖο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιο (genitive singular)
σῐδηρόο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dual genitive)
σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dative dual)
σῐδήροισῐ (dative plural)
σῐδήροισῐν (dative plural)
σῐδήροις (dative plural)
sidḗroisi (dative plural)
sidḗroisin (dative plural)
sidḗrois (dative plural)
σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)

Unclear and debated:
* One view compares it with Latin sīdus (“constellation, meteorite”), with this possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”), whence Latin sūdor (“sweat, moisture”), Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat, perspiration”), English sweat.
* One theory connects the word to words for "silver", like Lithuanian sidãbras and, by proxy, English silver.
* Another theory compares it with Udi zido (“iron”), indicating a Northeast Caucasian loanword. This is quite feasible, as the Greeks likely first learned of iron from Asia Minor.
* Finally, the word is very likely of Pre-Greek origin given its semantics, which has been compared with Ancient Greek σίδη (sídē, “pomegranate”), linked to the reconstruction *sida (“red”) thereby giving the meaning of σίδηρος (sídēros) as "red metal" (perhaps in relation to its red oxide ores and minerals).

ὑποσίδηρος

having a mixture or proportion of iron in it

c. 90 AD, John of Patmos, Book of Revelation 18:12:
γόμον χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθου τιμίου καὶ μαργαρίτου καὶ βυσσίνου καὶ σηρικοῦ καὶ κοκκίνου, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μαρμάρου, […]
gómon khrusoû kaì argúrou kaì líthou timíou kaì margarítou kaì bussínou kaì sērikoû kaì kokkínou, kaì pân xúlon thúïnon kaì pân skeûos elephántinon kaì pân skeûos ek xúlou timiōtátou kaì khalkoû kaì sidḗrou kaì marmárou, […]
The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble, […]

(figuratively) something hard, a stubborn force


τροχός

grc-noun

τροχός • (trokhós) m (genitive τροχοῦ); second declension

trokhós (romanization)
τροχοῦ (genitive)
ὁ τροχός (nominative singular)
τὼ τροχώ (dual nominative)
οἱ τροχοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ τροχοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν τροχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τροχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τροχῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν τροχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τροχοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν τροχόν (accusative singular)
τὼ τροχώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τροχούς (accusative plural)
τροχέ (singular vocative)
τροχώ (dual vocative)
τροχοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrogʰós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run, drag, pull”), whence τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”). Cognates include Old Irish droch (“wheel, circlet”) and Old Armenian դուրգն (durgn, “potter's wheel”).


ἔλεος

grc-noun

ἔλεος • (éleos) m (genitive ἐλέου); second declension

ἔλεος • (éleos) n (genitive ἐλέεος or ἐλέους); third declension

éleos (romanization)
ἐλέου (genitive)
éleos (romanization)
ἐλέεος (genitive)
ἐλέους (genitive)
ὁ ἔλεος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλέω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλεοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλέοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλέω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλέους (accusative plural)
ἔλεε (singular vocative)
ἐλέω (dual vocative)
ἔλεοι (plural vocative)
τὸ ἔλεος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλέει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐλέη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλέους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλέει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλέεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐλέεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs eléesi (dative plural)
toîs eléesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔλεος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλέει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐλέη (accusative plural)
ἔλεος (singular vocative)
ἐλέει (dual vocative)
ἐλέη (plural vocative)

Greek: έλεος (éleos)

Uncertain. Could be related to ἐλελεῦ (eleleû, “woe, alas”), which is likely expressive/onomatopoeic; if not, from Pre-Greek.

onomatopoeic

expressive/onomatopoeic


καταπέλτης

grc-noun

κᾰτᾰπέλτης • (katapéltēs) m (genitive κᾰτᾰπέλτου); first declension

κᾰτᾰπέλτης (canonical)
katapéltēs (romanization)
κᾰτᾰπέλτου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰτᾰπέλτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰπέλτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰτᾰπέλται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰτᾰπέλτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰπέλταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰπελτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰτᾰπέλτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰπέλταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰτᾰπέλταις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰτᾰπέλτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰπέλτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰτᾰπέλτᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰπέλτᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰπέλτᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰπέλται (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: catapulta
→ Catalan: catapulta
→ Corsican: catapulta
→ English: catapulta (learned)
→ German: Katapult
→ Italian: catapulta
→ Middle French: cacapulte, catapulte, cathapulte
French: catapulte
→ Romanian: catapultă
→ English: catapult
→ Polish: katapulta
→ Portuguese: catapulta
→ Spanish: catapulta

Literary form of κᾰτᾰπᾰ́λτης (katapáltēs)


ψευδάργυρος

grc-noun

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος • (pseudárguros) m (genitive ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου); second declension

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (canonical)
pseudárguros (romanization)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψευδᾰργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψευδᾰργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ψευδᾰ́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψευδᾰργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

Greek: ψευδάργυρος (psevdárgyros)

From ψευδο- (pseudo-, “false”) + ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”).

af

λίθος περὶ τὰ Ἄνδειρα͵ ὃς καιόμενος σίδηρος γίνεται· εἶτα μετὰ γῆς τινος καμινευθεὶς ἀποστάζει ψευδάργυρον͵ ἣ προσλαβοῦσα χαλκὸν τὸ καλούμενον γίνεται κρᾶμα͵ ὅ τινες ὀρείχαλκον καλοῦσι

c. 23 CE, Strabo, chapter 1.56, in Γεωγραφικά, volume XIII:

a stone in the vicinity of Andeira which, when burned becomes iron, and then, when heated in a furnace with a certain earth, distils false silver; and this, with the addition of copper, makes the so-called "mixture" (alloy), which by some is called "orichalcum"


χαμαιλέων

grc-noun

χᾰμαιλέοντος

χᾰμαιλέων • (khamailéōn) m (genitive χᾰμαιλέοντος); third declension

χᾰμαιλέων (canonical)
khamailéōn (romanization)
χᾰμαιλέοντος (genitive)
ὁ χᾰμαιλέων (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλέοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰμαιλέοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰμαιλέοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλεόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαιλεόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰμαιλέοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλεόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰμαιλέουσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰμαιλέουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khamailéousi (dative plural)
toîs khamailéousin (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰμαιλέοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλέοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰμαιλέοντᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰμαιλέον (singular vocative)
χᾰμαιλέοντε (dual vocative)
χᾰμαιλέοντες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰμαιλέοντος

desc

χαμαιλέοντας

Greek: χαμαιλέοντας m (chamailéontas, “chameleon”)

desctree

→ Latin: chamaeleōn
Catalan: camaleó
Old French: cameleon
→ Middle English: camelion
English: chameleon
French: caméléon
→ German: Chamäleon

→ Russian: хамелео́н m (xameleón)

desc

→ Old Georgian: მსუენ-ლომი (msuen-lomi) (calque)

From χαμαί (khamaí, “on the ground”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”); ultimately a calque of Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 (nēšu ša qaqqari, “chameleon, reptile”, literally “lion of the ground", "predator that crawls upon the ground”).

cal

type of plant, so called because of its colour-changing leaves


βόμβος

grc-noun

βόμβος • (bómbos) m (genitive βόμβου); second declension

bómbos (romanization)
βόμβου (genitive)
ὁ βόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ βόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ βόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ βόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν βόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ βόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βόμβους (accusative plural)
βόμβε (singular vocative)
βόμβω (dual vocative)
βόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: βόμβος (vómvos)

→ Latin: bombus (see there for further descendants)

An Onomatopoeic term borrowed from the Pre-Greek substrate. Compare Lithuanian bim̃balas, Latvian bam̃bals (“beetle”), Russian бу́бен (búben, “tambourine”), Albanian bubullimë (“thunder”), and Old Norse bumla (“drum”) for similar formations.

any deep, hollow sound, humming, buzzing, booming, rumbling


καστάνεια

κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ • (kastáneia) n (genitive κᾰστᾰνείων); second declension

κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (canonical)
kastáneia (romanization)
κᾰστᾰνείων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κᾰστᾰνείων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κᾰστᾰνείοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (plural vocative)


κάστανον

κᾰ́στᾰνον • (kástanon) n (genitive κᾰστᾰ́νου); second declension

κᾰ́στᾰνον (canonical)
kástanon (romanization)
κᾰστᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́στᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰστᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰστᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰστᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰστᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰστᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰστᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰστᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́στᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰστᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́στᾰνον (singular vocative)
κᾰστᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Rare singular form of κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (kástana, “sweet chestnuts”)


μαδάρωσις

μᾰδᾰ́ρωσῐς • (madárōsis) f (genitive μᾰδᾰρώσεως); third declension

μᾰδᾰ́ρωσῐς (canonical)
madárōsis (romanization)
μᾰδᾰρώσεως (genitive)
ἡ μᾰδᾰ́ρωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰδᾰρώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰδᾰρώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰδᾰρώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰδᾰρωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰδᾰρώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰδᾰρώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰδᾰρωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰδᾰρώσεσῐ (dative plural)
μᾰδᾰρώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs madarṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs madarṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰδᾰ́ρωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰδᾰρώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰδᾰρώσεις (accusative plural)
μᾰδᾰ́ρωσῐ (singular vocative)
μᾰδᾰρώσει (dual vocative)
μᾰδᾰρώσεις (plural vocative)

From μᾰδᾰρόω (madaróō, “make bald”) + -σῐς (-sis), from μᾰδᾰρός (madarós, “bald”), from μαδάω (madáō, “I fall off, am bald”).

af

a falling off of hair, baldness (especially of the eyelids)


κάστανα

grc-noun

κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ • (kástana) n pl (genitive κᾰστᾰ́νων); second declension

κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (canonical)
kástana (romanization)
κᾰστᾰ́νων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κᾰστᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κᾰστᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κάστανο (kástano)

→ Arabic: كستناء (kastanāʔ) (see there for further descendants)

q

via variant <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ</i> (kastáneia)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܢܝܐ (qasṭāniyā) (via variant κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (kastáneia))

→ Arabic: كستانية (kastāniya)

→ Latin: castanea (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: կաստանայ (kastanay)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كستانه (kestane) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from a substrate, either Pre-Greek or Anatolian. Compare also Old Armenian կասկ (kask, “chestnut”) and Albanian thanë (“cranberry shrub; cornel”) (< Proto-Albanian *tsàna), which appear to be from the same Mediterranean substrate. Has been claimed by ancient writers to derive from Καστανέα (Kastanéa), a location in Magnesia, Thessalia, but the location itself is most likely named after the tree.
Other theories link the word as potentially from Doric Greek κάστον (káston, “wood”).


σταυρός

grc-noun

σταυρός • (staurós) m (genitive σταυροῦ); second declension

staurós (romanization)
σταυροῦ (genitive)
ὁ σταυρός (nominative singular)
τὼ σταυρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σταυροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σταυροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σταυροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σταυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σταυρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σταυροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σταυροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σταυρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σταυρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σταυρούς (accusative plural)
σταυρέ (singular vocative)
σταυρώ (dual vocative)
σταυροί (plural vocative)
σταυρός (nominative singular)
σταυρώ (dual nominative)
σταυροί (nominative plural)
σταυροῦ (genitive singular)
σταυροῖο (genitive singular)
σταυρόο (genitive singular)
σταυροῖῐν (dual genitive)
σταυρῶν (genitive plural)
σταυρῷ (dative singular)
σταυροῖῐν (dative dual)
σταυροῖσῐ (dative plural)
σταυροῖσῐν (dative plural)
σταυροῖς (dative plural)
stauroîsi (dative plural)
stauroîsin (dative plural)
stauroîs (dative plural)
σταυρόν (accusative singular)
σταυρώ (accusative dual)
σταυρούς (accusative plural)
σταυρέ (singular vocative)
σταυρώ (dual vocative)
σταυροί (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: σταυρός (stavrós)
→ Gagauz: stavroz
→ Turkish: istavroz

→ Coptic: ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (stauros)

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂u-rós (“pole”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).; see also ῐ̔́στημῐ (hístēmi, “to set up, make stand”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“stake, pole”), English stour (“id”), Swedish stör. Compare also staff.

βορσόν; βορσός

βορσός(Elean)(Note that this has been attested in the accusative, and it is the theoretical nominative that would be .)

σταυροὺς δ’ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα

Outside he had driven stakes the whole length, this way and that.

stauroùs d’ ektòs élasse diamperès éntha kaì éntha

εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατάβηθι απὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 27:40

If you are the son of God, come down from the cross!

ei huiòs eî toû theoû, katábēthi apò toû stauroû.


γεωγραφία

grc-noun

γεωγραφίᾱ • (geōgraphíā) f (genitive γεωγραφίᾱς); first declension

γεωγραφίᾱ (canonical)
geōgraphíā (romanization)
γεωγραφίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γεωγραφίᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ γεωγραφίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γεωγραφίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν γεωγραφιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γεωγραφίᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς γεωγραφίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γεωγραφίᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς γεωγραφίᾱς (accusative plural)
γεωγραφίᾱ (singular vocative)
γεωγραφίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: γεωγραφία (geografía)

desctree

Latin: geōgraphia
→ Catalan: geografia
→ Corsican: giografia
→ English: geography
→ Esperanto: geografio
→ Finnish: geografia
→ French: géographie
→ Galician: xeografía
→ Ido: geografio
→ Italian: geografia
→ Norman: géographie
→ Malay: geografi
→ Occitan: geografia
→ Polish: geografia
→ Portuguese: geografia
→ Romanian: geografie
→ Romansch: geografia, geografeia
→ Sicilian: giografìa
→ Spanish: geografía
→ Chamorro: yeogråfia
→ Tagalog: heograpiya

From γεωγράφος (geōgráphos) + -ίᾱ (-íā) and γεω- (geō-) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā).

af

γεωγράφος (geōgráphos) + -ίᾱ (-íā)


γλουτός

grc-noun

γλουτός • (gloutós) m (genitive γλουτοῦ); second declension

gloutós (romanization)
γλουτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γλουτός (nominative singular)
τὼ γλουτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γλουτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλουτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλουτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλουτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλουτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλουτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γλουτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλουτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλουτούς (accusative plural)
γλουτέ (singular vocative)
γλουτώ (dual vocative)
γλουτοί (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ γλουτᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν γλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς γλουτοῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ γλουτᾰ́ (accusative plural)
γλουτᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλουτός (gloutós)

⇒ Catalan: gluti

⇒ English: gluteus

Compared with Slovene glûta (“lump, swelling”); further with Old English clūd (“rock, boulder”), which is semantically less evident. Without t-suffix, there is Sanskrit ग्लौ (glaú, “round lump, wen-like excrescence”). The Indo-European material is not very convincing. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.66

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Fractures 13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 493a.23

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.9

ὅταν δὲ περιενέγκῃ τὸν πόδα, τότε καὶ τὼ γλουτὼ καθέτω ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον.

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.2

hótan dè perienénkēi tòn póda, tóte kaì tṑ gloutṑ kathétō epì tòn híppon.

120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 393.8

300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 6.401

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Amores (Affairs of the Heart) 14

I., AI 15.374

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 43.23.2

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 62.2.4

350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Par.Eu.Io. 21.40

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.340

Triph. 81

120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 105.17

Thdt., H.Rel. 18.1

(of a horse) a haunch (contrasted with ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip-joint”))


κέρκουρος

grc-noun

κέρκουρος • (kérkouros) m (genitive κερκούρου); second declension

kérkouros (romanization)
κερκούρου (genitive)
ὁ κέρκουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρκουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερκούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερκούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερκούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερκούροις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρκουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερκούρους (accusative plural)
κέρκουρε (singular vocative)
κερκούρω (dual vocative)
κέρκουροι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps from κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”). Could also be of Semitic origin, compare Classical Syriac ܩܪܩܘܪܐ (qarqūrāʾ, “boat”), reshaped under the influence of κέρκος (kérkos) and οὐρά (ourá, “tail”). Compare also Latin cercūrus, Old Armenian կուր (kur).


λυκάνθρωπος

grc-noun

λῠκάνθρωπος • (lukánthrōpos) m or f (genitive λῠκανθρώπου); second declension

λῠκάνθρωπος (canonical)
lukánthrōpos (romanization)
λῠκανθρώπου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λῠκάνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκανθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λῠκάνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λῠκανθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκανθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκανθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λῠκανθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκανθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λῠκανθρώποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λῠκάνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκανθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λῠκανθρώπους (accusative plural)
λῠκάνθρωπε (singular vocative)
λῠκανθρώπω (dual vocative)
λῠκάνθρωποι (plural vocative)

→ English: lycanthrope

→ French: lycanthrope

Greek: λυκάνθρωπος (lykánthropos)

→ Latin: lycanthrōpus

From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) + ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”).


πολιορκία

grc-noun

πολῐορκίᾱ • (poliorkíā) f (genitive πολῐορκίᾱς); first declension

πολῐορκίᾱ (canonical)
poliorkíā (romanization)
πολῐορκίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πολῐορκίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῐορκίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πολῐορκίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πολῐορκίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῐορκίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῐορκιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πολῐορκίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῐορκίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πολῐορκίαις (dative plural)
τὴν πολῐορκίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῐορκίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πολῐορκίᾱς (accusative plural)
πολῐορκίᾱ (singular vocative)
πολῐορκίᾱ (dual vocative)
πολῐορκίαι (plural vocative)

From πόλις (pólis, “city”) + ἕρκος (hérkos, “fence, enclosure”) + -ία (-ía).


μαθηματικά

grc-noun form

μᾰθημᾰτῐκᾱ́ • (mathēmatikā́)

μᾰθημᾰτῐκᾱ́ (canonical)
mathēmatikā́ (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative dual of μαθηματική (mathēmatikḗ)


διάμετρος

grc-noun

δῐᾰ́μετρος • (diámetros) f (genitive δῐᾰμέτρου); second declension

δῐᾰ́μετρος (canonical)
diámetros (romanization)
δῐᾰμέτρου (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́μετρος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰμέτρω (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰ́μετροι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰμέτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰμέτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰμέτρων (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰμέτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰμέτροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰμέτροις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́μετρον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰμέτρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰμέτρους (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́μετρε (singular vocative)
δῐᾰμέτρω (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́μετροι (plural vocative)

Danish: diameter

Dutch: diameter

English: diameter

Spanish: diámetro

Norwegian: diameter

Russian: диаметр (diametr)

Sanskrit: जामित्र (jāmitra)

From δῐᾰ- (dia-, “through”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

af

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 85B

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 54E

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 5.5.8

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 1.8.11

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 2.6.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Progression of Animals 1.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Progression of Animals 14.4, (Compare Plutarch, Moralia 23A)

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Downward Journey 14

the diameter or diagonal of a parallelogram

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 1.4.3

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Movement of Animals 3.4

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 801


ὀπτίων

grc-noun

ὀπτῐ́ων • (optíōn) m (genitive ὀπτῐ́ονος); third declension

ὀπτῐ́ων (canonical)
optíōn (romanization)
ὀπτῐ́ονος (genitive)
ὁ ὀπτῐ́ων (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπτῐ́ονε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀπτῐ́ονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπτῐ́ονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπτῐόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπτῐόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπτῐ́ονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπτῐόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπτῐ́οσῐ (dative plural)
ὀπτῐ́οσῐν (dative plural)
toîs optíosi (dative plural)
toîs optíosin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀπτῐ́ονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπτῐ́ονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀπτῐ́ονᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀπτῐ́ον (singular vocative)
ὀπτῐ́ονε (dual vocative)
ὀπτῐ́ονες (plural vocative)

(Byzantine) assistant, especially in a military sense, aide-de-camp


σκελετός

σκελετός • (skeletós) m (genitive σκελετοῦ); second declension

skeletós (romanization)
σκελετοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σκελετός (nominative singular)
τὼ σκελετώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σκελετοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκελετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκελετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκελετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκελετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκελετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκελετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σκελετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκελετώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκελετούς (accusative plural)
σκελετέ (singular vocative)
σκελετώ (dual vocative)
σκελετοί (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: esquelet

→ German: Skelett

→ Greek: σκελετός (skeletós) (learned)

→ Latin: sceletus

From σκέλλω (skéllō, “to dry up, parch”) + -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix).


αὐτονομία

grc-noun

αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ • (autonomíā) f (genitive αὐτονομῐ́ᾱς); first declension

αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
autonomíā (romanization)
αὐτονομῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αὐτονομῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς αὐτονομῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐτονομῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐτονομῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αὐτονομῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐτονομῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αὐτονομῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν αὐτονομῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αὐτονομῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
αὐτονομῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: autonomy

Greek: αυτονομία f (aftonomía)

→ Russian: автоно́мия (avtonómija)

From αὐτόνομος (autónomos, “autonomous, independent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, “-y, -ia”, nominal suffix), from αὐτο- (auto-, “self”) + νόμος (nómos, “usage, custom; law, ordinance”) + -ος (-os, adjectival suffix).

af

autonomy, independence, freedom to use its own laws


μαργαρίτης

grc-noun

μαργᾰρῑ́της • (margarī́tēs) m (genitive μαργᾰρῑ́του); first declension

μαργᾰρῑ́της (canonical)
margarī́tēs (romanization)
μαργᾰρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ μαργᾰρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ μαργᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαργᾰρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαργᾰρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαργᾰρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαργᾰρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαργᾰρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαργᾰρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαργᾰρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν μαργᾰρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ μαργᾰρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαργᾰρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
μαργᾰρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
μαργᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
μαργᾰρῖται (plural vocative)

Greek: μαργαρίτα (margaríta)

desctree

→ Aramaic: מרגניתא, מַרְגָּלִיתָא (margālīṯā)
Classical Syriac: ܡܪܓܢܝܬܐ
→ Hebrew: מַרְגָּלִית (margalít)

→ English: margarite

→ Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃 (marikreitus)

→ Latin: margarīta (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Indo-Iranian. According to Beekes, possibly from Proto-Iranian *mŕ̥ga-ahri-ita- (“oyster”, literally “born from the shell of a bird”). Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (mwlwʾlyt' /morwārīd/) (whence Persian مروارید (marvârid)), Sogdian [script needed] (marγārt), Sanskrit मञ्जरी (mañjarī), and Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mərəiia).


ἱδρώς

grc-noun

ῑ̆̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs) m (genitive ῑ̆̔δρῶτος); third declension

ῑ̆̔δρώς (canonical)
hīdrṓs (romanization)
ῑ̆̔δρῶτος (genitive)
ὁ ἱδρώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱδρῶτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱδρῶτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱδρώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱδρῶτι (dative singular)
ἱδρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ (dative plural)
ἱδρῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsi (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱδρώς (singular vocative)
ἱδρῶτε (dual vocative)
ἱδρῶτες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιδρώτας (idrótas)

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Particularly close cognates include Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

μετὰ ἱδρῶτος

κατὰ δ’ ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέων

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.599

ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτί

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 767

ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι

τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 289, (of sweat as the sign of toil)

tês aretês hidrôta theoì propároithen éthēkan

ἱδρῶτα παρέχειν

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.29

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.36

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867a.13

ἱδρῶτες ξηροί

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239c, (opposed to the effect of baths)

C.E. 80–110, Textus Receptus, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22.44

σμύρνης

δρυός

Βρομιάδος ἱδρῶτα πηγῆς

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.12, (of wine)

exudation or distillation from trees, gum, resin, sap

οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα…ἐκβαλῶ

391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 750

Chor. 270.B.

by the sweat of one's brow
by the sweat of one's brow

anything earned by the sweat of one's brow


σκάφη

σκᾰ́φη • (skáphē) f (genitive σκᾰ́φης); first declension

σκᾰ́φη (canonical)
skáphē (romanization)
σκᾰ́φης (genitive)
ἡ σκᾰ́φη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκᾰ́φαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκᾰ́φης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́φαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκᾰ́φῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́φαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκᾰ́φαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκᾰ́φην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκᾰ́φᾱς (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́φη (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́φᾱ (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́φαι (plural vocative)

From σκᾰ́πτω (skáptō, “I dig”) + -η (-ē).


πάγκρεας

πᾰ́γκρεᾰς • (pánkreas) n (genitive πᾰγκρέᾰτος); third declension

πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (canonical)
pánkreas (romanization)
πᾰγκρέᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρέᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰγκρέᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρεᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰγκρεᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰγκρέᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρεᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰγκρέᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰγκρέᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pankréasi (dative plural)
toîs pankréasin (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρέᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (singular vocative)
πᾰγκρέᾰτε (dual vocative)
πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πάγκρεας (págkreas)

→ Latin: pancreas

From παν- (pan-, all) + κρέας (kréas, “meat”).


προκοπή

grc-noun

προκοπή • (prokopḗ) f (genitive προκοπῆς); first declension

prokopḗ (romanization)
προκοπῆς (genitive)
ἡ προκοπή (nominative singular)
τὼ προκοπᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ προκοπαί (nominative plural)
τῆς προκοπῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προκοπαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν προκοπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προκοπῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν προκοπαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς προκοπαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν προκοπήν (accusative singular)
τὼ προκοπᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προκοπᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
προκοπή (singular vocative)
προκοπᾱ́ (dual vocative)
προκοπαί (plural vocative)

Greek: προκοπή (prokopí)

From προκόπτω (prokóptō, “to advance”) + -η (-ē).


φάρος

grc-noun

φᾰ́ρος • (pháros) n (genitive φάρεος or φᾰ́ρους); third declension

φᾰ́ρος (canonical)
pháros (romanization)
φάρεος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρους (genitive)
τὸ φᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́ρη (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́ρους (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pháresi (dative plural)
toîs pháresin (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰ́ρος (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́ρη (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρος (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρη (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to carve; split; cut; rub; pierce; strike”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to bore”) and Latin forō (“I bore”).


φάρος

grc-noun

φάρος • (pháros) n (genitive φάρους); third declension

Later form of φᾶρος (phâros): "large piece of cloth, web"


φάρος

pháros (romanization)
ὁ φᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Has been suggested as from Φᾰ́ρος (Pháros, “Pharos”), the name of an island on which the lighthouse of Alexandria was located, possibly from Egyptian, as well as the name of that lighthouse. Alternately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰar- (“log, board, plank”).


ὀδών

grc-noun

ὀδών • (odṓn) m (genitive ὀδόντος); third declension

odṓn (romanization)
ὀδόντος (genitive)
ὁ ὀδών (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀδόντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀδόντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀδόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀδόντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ὀδοῦσῐ (dative plural)
ὀδοῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi odoûsi (dative plural)
toîsi odoûsin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀδόντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀδόντᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀδόν (singular vocative)
ὀδόντε (dual vocative)
ὀδόντες (plural vocative)


ἀθήρωμα

ἀθήρωμα • (athḗrōma) n (genitive ἀθηρώματος); third declension

athḗrōma (romanization)
ἀθηρώματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀθηρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθηρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀθηρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀθηρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀθηρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀθήρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: atheroma

From ἀθάρη (athárē, “groats, porridge”) + -ωμᾰ (-ōma, “disease, tumor”).


ἠχή

grc-noun

ἠχή • (ēkhḗ) f (genitive ἠχῆς); first declension

ēkhḗ (romanization)
ἠχῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἠχή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠχᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἠχαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἠχῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠχαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἠχῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠχαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἠχαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἠχήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠχᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἠχᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἠχή (singular vocative)
ἠχᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἠχαί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ- (“to sound”). Cognates are difficult to assign with certainty, but probably include Latin vāgiō (“to wail”), Sanskrit वग्नु (vagnu, “noise, sound”), Old English swōgan (“to resound”) (English sough).


κριτήριον

grc-noun

κρῐτήρῐον • (kritḗrion) n (genitive κρῐτηρῐ́ου); second declension

κρῐτήρῐον (canonical)
kritḗrion (romanization)
κρῐτηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κρῐτήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐτηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῐτήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῐτηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐτηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐτηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῐτηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐτηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῐτηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κρῐτήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐτηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῐτήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῐτήρῐον (singular vocative)
κρῐτηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κρῐτήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κριτήριο (kritírio)

→ New Latin: criterion (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: крите́рий (kritérij)

From κρῐτήρ (kritḗr, “interpreter”) + -ῐον (-ion), from κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I discern, judge”).

af

means of judging, criterion, test, standard


ῥυθμός

grc-noun

ῥῠθμός • (rhuthmós) m (genitive ῥῠθμοῦ); second declension

ῥῠθμός (canonical)
rhuthmós (romanization)
ῥῠθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῥῠθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῠθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥῠθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥῠθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῠθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῠθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥῠθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῠθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥῠθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῥῠθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῠθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥῠθμούς (accusative plural)
ῥῠθμέ (singular vocative)
ῥῠθμώ (dual vocative)
ῥῠθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ρυθμός (rythmós)

desctree

→ Latin: rhythmus
→ English: rhythm
→ Japanese: リズム
→ Malay: ritma
→ Korean: 리듬 (rideum)
→ Turkish: ritim
Asturian: ritmu
Catalan: ritme
French: rythme
→ Turkish: ritm
>? Old French: rime
French: rime
Italian: rima
>? Middle English: ryme, rime
English: rhyme
→ Galician: ritmo
→ German: Rhythmus
→ Hungarian: ritmus
→ Irish: rithim
Italian: ritmo
→ Polish: rytm
Portuguese: ritmo
Romanian: ritm
→ Russian: ритм (ritm)
Spanish: ritmo
→ Swedish: rytm

From Proto-Hellenic *hrutʰmós, corresponding to Proto-Indo-European *sru-dʰ-mo-s, ultimately from *srew- (“to flow”). Related to ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow”).


ξηρίον

grc-noun

ξηρῐ́ον • (xēríon) n (genitive ξηρῐ́ου); second declension

ξηρῐ́ον (canonical)
xēríon (romanization)
ξηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ξηρῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ξηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξηρῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ξηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ξηρῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ξηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξηρῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ξηρῐ́ον (singular vocative)
ξηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ξηρῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܣܝܪܝܢ (ksīrīn), ܟܣܪܝܢ (ksirīn), ܟܣܐܪܝܢ (ksērīn)

desctree

→ Arabic: إِكْسِير (ʔiksīr), إِكْسِيرِين (ʔiksīrīn)
→ French: élixir
→ Polish: eliksir, eliksyr (obsolete), elixir (pre-reform orthography (1816))
→ Romanian: elixir
→ Medieval Latin: elixir
→ Dutch: elixer
→ English: elixir
→ Ottoman Turkish: اكسیر
Turkish: iksir
→ Persian: اکسیر (eksir)

From ξηρός (xērós, “dry”) + -ίον (-íon), or ellipsis of ξηρίον φάρμακον (xēríon phármakon, literally “dry powder medicine”).

ellipsis

ξηρίον φάρμακον


φαντασία

grc-noun

φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (phantasíā) f (genitive φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
phantasíā (romanization)
φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰντᾰσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰντᾰσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰντᾰσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰντᾰσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰντᾰσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰντᾰσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: phantasia, fantasia (see there for further descendants)

From φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phántasis) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “I make visible”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine”).

af

φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phántasis) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)


οἰήϊον

grc-noun

οἰήϊον • (oiḗïon) n (genitive οἰηΐου); second declension

oiḗïon (romanization)
οἰηΐου (genitive)
τὸ οἰήϊον (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰηΐω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οἰήϊᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἰηΐου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰηΐοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰηΐων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἰηΐῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰηΐοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἰηΐοις (dative plural)
τὸ οἰήϊον (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰηΐω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οἰήϊᾰ (accusative plural)
οἰήϊον (singular vocative)
οἰηΐω (dual vocative)
οἰήϊᾰ (plural vocative)


οἴαξ

οἴᾱξ • (oíāx) m (genitive οἴᾱκος); third declension

οἴᾱξ (canonical)
oíāx (romanization)
οἴᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ οἴᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ οἴᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ οἴᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἴᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἴᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἴᾱξῐ (dative plural)
οἴᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs oíāxi (dative plural)
toîs oíāxin (dative plural)
τὸν οἴᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ οἴᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς οἴᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
οἴᾱξ (singular vocative)
οἴᾱκε (dual vocative)
οἴᾱκες (plural vocative)

Greek: οίακας (oíakas)

→ Vulgar Latin: *oiācem

⇒ Catalan: arjau

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyHseh₂ (“shaft”) or similar. Cognates include Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā́) and Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫi-iš-ša-an).

rings of a yoke, through which cords for guiding oxen


τριήρης

τρῐήρης • (triḗrēs) f (genitive τριήρους); third declension

τρῐήρης (canonical)
triḗrēs (romanization)
τριήρους (genitive)
ἡ τριήρης (nominative singular)
τὼ τριήρει (dual nominative)
αἱ τριήρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τριήρους (genitive singular)
τοῖν τριήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τριήρων (genitive plural)
τῇ τριήρει (dative singular)
τοῖν τριήροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τριήρεσῐ (dative plural)
τριήρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs triḗresi (dative plural)
taîs triḗresin (dative plural)
τὴν τριήρη (accusative singular)
τὼ τριήρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τριήρεις (accusative plural)
τριῆρες (singular vocative)
τριήρει (dual vocative)
τριήρεις (plural vocative)
ἡ τριήρης (nominative singular)
τὼ τριήρει (dual nominative)
τριήρεε (dual nominative)
αἱ τριήρεις (nominative plural)
τριήρεες (nominative plural)
τῆς τριήρεος (genitive singular)
τριήρευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν τριηρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τριηρέων (genitive plural)
τῇ τριήρει (dative singular)
τριήρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν τριηρέοιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν τριήρεσῐ (dative plural)
τριήρεσῐν (dative plural)
têisi triḗresi (dative plural)
têisi triḗresin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν τριήρεᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τριήρει (accusative dual)
τριήρεε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τριήρεᾰς (accusative plural)
τριῆρες (singular vocative)
τριήρει (dual vocative)
τριήρεε (dual vocative)
τριήρεις (plural vocative)
τριήρεες (plural vocative)

τρῐ- (tri-, “three”) + ἐρέτης (erétēs, “rower”)


καῦμα

grc-noun

καῦμᾰ • (kaûma) n (genitive καύμᾰτος); third declension

καῦμᾰ (canonical)
kaûma (romanization)
καύμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ καῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ καύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν καυμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καυμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ καύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν καυμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
καύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kaúmasi (dative plural)
toîs kaúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ καῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ καύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
καῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
καύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
καύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: cauma, caumō

Greek: καύμα (kávma)

burning, glow, heat (especially of the sun)

brand (mark of ownership made by burning)


κανών

κᾰνών • (kanṓn) m (genitive κᾰνόνος); third declension

κᾰνών (canonical)
kanṓn (romanization)
κᾰνόνος (genitive)
ὁ κᾰνών (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰνόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰνόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰνόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰνόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰνόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰνόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰνόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰνόσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰνόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kanósi (dative plural)
toîs kanósin (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰνόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰνόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰνόνᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰνών (singular vocative)
κᾰνόνε (dual vocative)
κᾰνόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: κανόνας (kanónas)

→ Arabic: قَانُون (qānūn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܩܢܘܢܐ (qānōnāʾ), ܟܢܘܢܬܐ (kənūntāʾ)

→ English: kanon

→ Georgian: კანონი (ḳanoni)

→ Hebrew: קָנוֹן (qānôn)

→ Latin: canōn (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: կանոն (kanon)
Armenian: կանոն (kanon)

→ Romanian: canon

desc

→ Russian: кану́н (kanún), кано́н (kanón)

Likely Pre-Greek, and generally connected with κάννα (kánna, “reed”).

measuring rod, carpenter's rule, plumb line, level

something to judge by, rule, norm, general principle


συμπόσιον

grc-noun

σῠμπόσῐον • (sumpósion) n (genitive σῠμποσῐ́ου); second declension

σῠμπόσῐον (canonical)
sumpósion (romanization)
σῠμποσῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῠμπόσῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμποσῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπόσῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠμποσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμποσῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμποσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠμποσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμποσῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠμποσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῠμπόσῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμποσῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπόσῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠμπόσῐον (singular vocative)
σῠμποσῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῠμπόσῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: συμπόσιο (sympósio) (learned)

→ Latin: symposium

→ Latin: compōtātiō (calque)

From σῠμπότης (sumpótēs, “fellow drinker”) + -ῐον (-ion), from σῠμπῑ́νω (sumpī́nō, “I drink together”) + -της (-tēs), from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + πῑ́νω (pī́nō, “I drink”).

af

drinking party, entertainment, feast, banquet, convivium, symposium


φράσις

grc-noun

φρᾰ́σῐς • (phrásis) f (genitive φρᾰ́σεως); third declension

φρᾰ́σῐς (canonical)
phrásis (romanization)
φρᾰ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ φρᾰ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ φρᾰ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ φρᾰ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς φρᾰ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν φρᾰσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φρᾰ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ φρᾰ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν φρᾰσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φρᾰ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
φρᾰ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs phrásesi (dative plural)
taîs phrásesin (dative plural)
τὴν φρᾰ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ φρᾰ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φρᾰ́σεις (accusative plural)
φρᾰ́σῐ (singular vocative)
φρᾰ́σει (dual vocative)
φρᾰ́σεις (plural vocative)

French: phrase

Greek: φράση (frási)

May be for *φράστις, from the stem of φράζω (phrázō), *φραδ-, + Proto-Indo-European *-tis. Note the derivation φραστικός (phrastikós) and similar derivations from this stem.


κορώνη

κορώνη • (korṓnē) f (genitive κορώνης); first declension

korṓnē (romanization)
κορώνης (genitive)
ἡ κορώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ κορώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορώναις (dative plural)
τὴν κορώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ κορώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορώνᾱς (accusative plural)
κορώνη (singular vocative)
κορώνᾱ (dual vocative)
κορῶναι (plural vocative)

Greek: κουρούνα (kouroúna)

→ Greek: κορώνα (koróna)

→ Latin: corōna (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). See also κορωνός (korōnós, “curved, bent”).

der

anything curved, especially a door handle

the tip of a bow, on which the string is hooked

the curved stern of a ship, especially its crown (ornamental top)

the tip of a plow-beam, upon which the yoke was attached

coronoid process of the ulna, apophysis (the part of a bone where the tendon is attached)

culmination of something, especially of a festival


αὔρα

grc-noun

αὔρᾱ • (aúrā) f (genitive αὔρᾱς); first declension

αὔρᾱ (canonical)
aúrā (romanization)
αὔρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αὔρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ αὔρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αὖραι (nominative plural)
τῆς αὔρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὔραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αὔρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὔραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αὔραις (dative plural)
τὴν αὔρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὔρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αὔρᾱς (accusative plural)
αὔρᾱ (singular vocative)
αὔρᾱ (dual vocative)
αὖραι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ αὔρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ αὔρᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ αὖραι (nominative plural)
τᾶς αὔρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὔραιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν αὐρᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ αὔρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὔραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αὔραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν αὔρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὔρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αὔρᾱς (accusative plural)
αὔρᾱ (singular vocative)
αὔρᾱ (dual vocative)
αὖραι (plural vocative)

Greek: αύρα (ávra)

→ Latin: aura (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *auhrā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsr̥h₂ (“morning air”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). From a separate ablaut grade *h₂ewsḗr, the ancestor of ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).

inh

cool air in motion, breeze, fresh air of the morning


χάσμα

grc-noun

χάσμα • (khásma) n (genitive χάσματος); third declension

khásma (romanization)
χάσματος (genitive)
τὸ χάσμα (nominative singular)
τὼ χάσματε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χάσματᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χάσματος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χασμάτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χασμάτων (genitive plural)
τῷ χάσματῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χασμάτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χάσμασῐ (dative plural)
χάσμασῐν (dative plural)
toîs khásmasi (dative plural)
toîs khásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ χάσμα (accusative singular)
τὼ χάσματε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χάσματᾰ (accusative plural)
χάσμα (singular vocative)
χάσματε (dual vocative)
χάσματᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: χάσμα (chásma)

desctree

→ Latin: chasma
→ English: chasm, chasma

From χάσκω (kháskō, “I yawn, gape”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).


πραικόκιον

grc-noun

πραικόκῐον • (praikókion) n (genitive πραικοκῐ́ου); second declension

πραικόκῐον (canonical)
praikókion (romanization)
πραικοκῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πραικόκῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πραικοκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πραικόκῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πραικοκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πραικοκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πραικοκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πραικοκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πραικοκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πραικοκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πραικόκῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πραικοκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πραικόκῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πραικόκῐον (singular vocative)
πραικοκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πραικόκῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Byzantine Greek: βερικοκκῐ́ᾱ (berikokkíā), βρεκοκκία (brekokkía)
→ Classical Syriac: ܒܰܪܩܽܘܩܳܐ (barqūqā), ܒܰܪܩܽܘܩܳܝܳܐ (barqūqāyā)
→ Arabic: برقوق (burqūq, barqūq) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin praecoquum (“precocious”), variant of praecox (“early-ripe”), apparently because the apricot was considered a "precocious" variant of the peach. βερίκοκκον (beríkokkon) (whence modern Greek βερίκοκο (veríkoko)) is traditionally connected and considered as a variant form; however, the details of its relation to and phonetic development from πραικόκιον (praikókion) are unclear.


κίνδυνος

grc-noun

κῐ́νδῡνος • (kíndūnos) m (genitive κῐνδῡ́νου); second declension

κῐ́νδῡνος (canonical)
kíndūnos (romanization)
κῐνδῡ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́νδῡνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́νδῡνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐνδῡ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐνδῡ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐνδῡ́νῳ (dative singular)
κῐ́νδῡνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐνδῡ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́νδῡνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐνδῡ́νους (accusative plural)
κῐ́νδῡνε (singular vocative)
κῐνδῡ́νω (dual vocative)
κῐ́νδῡνοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῐνδῡ́νῳ, κῐ́νδῡνῐ

The connection with κίνδαξ (kíndax, “quick, nimble”), ὀνοκίνδιος (onokíndios, “donkey-driver”) is formally attractive. For the semantics, Prellwitz and Vendryes compare Latin sollicitus (“agitated, disturbed”), which is from sollus (“whole, entire”) + cieō (“move, stir, shake”). Attempts at an Indo-European etymology should be given up. The Pre-Greek character is clear in view of the ending -ῡν-.


κῶμα

grc-noun

κῶμα • (kôma) n (genitive κώματος); third declension

kôma (romanization)
κώματος (genitive)
τὸ κῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs kṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
κώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: կոմա (koma)

→ Azerbaijani: koma

→ Belarusian: ко́ма (kóma)

→ Bulgarian: ко́ма (kóma)

→ Catalan: coma

→ Czech: kóma

→ Danish: koma

→ Dutch: coma

→ English: coma

→ Estonian: kooma

→ Finnish: kooma

→ French: coma

→ Georgian: კომა (ḳoma)

→ German: Koma

Greek: κώμα (kóma)

→ Hindi: कोमा (komā)

→ Hungarian: kóma

→ Italian: coma, ⇒ comatoso

→ Kazakh: кома (koma)

→ Kyrgyz: кома (koma)

→ Latvian: koma

→ Lithuanian: koma

→ Luxembourgish: Koma

→ Macedonian: ко́ма (kóma)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: koma

→ Persian: کما (komâ)

→ Polish: koma

→ Portuguese: coma

→ Romanian: comă

→ Russian: ко́ма (kóma)

→ Serbo-Croatian: koma

→ Slovak: kóma

→ Slovene: koma

→ Spanish: coma

→ Swedish: koma

→ Tajik: кома (koma)

→ Thai: โคม่า (koh-mâa)

→ Turkish: koma

→ Turkmen: koma

→ Ukrainian: ко́ма (kóma)

→ Urdu: کوما (komā)

→ Uzbek: koma

→ Welsh: côma

Unknown. Brugmann's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *kōi-mn̥, from *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle”) (whence also κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie outstretched”)), is rejected by Beekes for what is in his view an unacceptable lengthened grade ablaut. Another theory tentatively derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱumbʰ- (compare Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), English coomb and Old English cumb (“hollow; narrow valley”).


μονοπώλια

head

μονοπώλῐᾰ • (monopṓlia)

μονοπώλῐᾰ (canonical)
monopṓlia (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of μονοπώλῐον (monopṓlion)


μονοπώλιον

grc-noun

μονοπώλῐον • (monopṓlion) n (genitive μονοπωλῐ́ου); second declension

μονοπώλῐον (canonical)
monopṓlion (romanization)
μονοπωλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μονοπώλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μονοπωλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μονοπώλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μονοπωλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μονοπωλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονοπωλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μονοπωλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μονοπωλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μονοπωλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μονοπώλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μονοπωλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μονοπώλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μονοπώλῐον (singular vocative)
μονοπωλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μονοπώλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From μόνος (mónos, “sole, only”) + πωλέω (pōléō, “I sell”) + -ιον (-ion).


κυκεών

grc-noun

κῠκεών • (kukeṓn) m (genitive κῠκεῶνος); third declension

κῠκεών (canonical)
kukeṓn (romanization)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κῠκεών (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsi (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsin (dative plural)
τὸν κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)
κῠκεών (nominative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dual genitive)
κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dative dual)
κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐν (dative plural)
kukeôsi (dative plural)
kukeôsin (dative plural)
kukeṓnessi (dative plural)
kukeṓnessin (dative plural)
kukeṓnesi (dative plural)
kukeṓnesin (dative plural)
κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
κυκεῶ (accusative singular)
κυκειῶ (accusative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠκεῶνᾰ/κυκεῶ/κυκειῶ

a potion or posset consisting of barley-meal, grated cheese, and Pramnian wine, among other things


μονοπωλία

grc-noun

μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ • (monopōlíā) f (genitive μονοπωλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
monopōlíā (romanization)
μονοπωλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μονοπωλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μονοπωλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μονοπωλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονοπωλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μονοπωλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μονοπωλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μονοπωλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μονοπωλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μονοπωλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μονοπωλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μονοπωλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From μόνος (mónos, “sole, only”) + πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”) + -ία (-ía).


λάρυγξ

grc-noun

λᾰ́ρῠγξ • (lárunx) m (genitive λᾰ́ρῠγγος or λᾰ́ρῠγος); third declension

λᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
lárunx (romanization)
λᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
λᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
λᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs lárunxi (dative plural)
toîs lárunxin (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
λᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
λᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)
ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
λᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs láruxi (dative plural)
toîs láruxin (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
λᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
λᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: λάρυγγας (láryngas), λαρύγγι (larýngi)

→ Italian: laringe

desctree

→ Latin: larynx
→ English: larynx
→ French: larynx

Connected to Latin lurcō (“to eat greedily, guzzle”) and Middle High German slurc (“throat”) by Pokorny, possibly reshaped according to φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phárunx, “throat; pharynx”). Pre-Greek according to Beekes, due to the prenasalized suffix -υγγ-.


φάρυγξ

grc-noun

φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phárunx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension

φᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
phárunx (romanization)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs pháruxi (dative plural)
taîs pháruxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phárunxi (dative plural)
taîs phárunxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρυγγας (fáryngas)

→ New Latin: pharynx
→ English: pharynx

→ Italian: faringe

According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”), but phonetically this is somewhat problematic as the Greek form requires laryngeal metathesis to *bʰr̥Hug-, turning the root disyllabic, for unknown reasons. Alternatively, it could be related to φᾰ́ρᾰγξ (pháranx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”), also of disputed origin.
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -ῠγγ- (or -ῠγ-) argues for a Pre-Greek origin. Compare λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lárunx).

der

(in the plural, pathology) diseases of the throat


ἀρτηρία

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ • (artēríā) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
artēríā (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: artēria (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: арте́рия (artérija)

Supposed contraction of *ᾰ̓ορτηρῐ́ᾱ (*aortēríā) (cf. ᾰ̓ορτήρ (aortḗr)), from ᾰ̓είρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang up”).
It was assumed that all blood vessels transported both blood and πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breathe, spirit”), in a similar way as how the latter is transported through the τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία (trakheîa artēría, literally “rough artery”). This might explain why windpipe and artery share the same name.

(anatomy)
artery (as distinct from a vein)


ἀντίθεσις

ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς • (antíthesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως); third declension

ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς (canonical)
antíthesis (romanization)
ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐθέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐθεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ντῐθέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐθεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs antithésesi (dative plural)
taîs antithésesin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐθέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεις (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐθέσει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεις (plural vocative)

Greek: αντίθεση (antíthesi)

→ Latin: antithesis

→ English: antithesis

→ French: antithèse

From ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (antitíthēmi, “to set against”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ

(grammar) change or transposition of a letter


θεία

grc-noun

θείᾱ • (theíā) f (genitive θείᾱς); first declension

θείᾱ (canonical)
theíā (romanization)
θείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θείαις (dative plural)
τὴν θείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θείᾱς (accusative plural)
θείᾱ (singular vocative)
θείᾱ (dual vocative)
θεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: thia

Feminine counterpart of θεῖος (theîos, “uncle”).


θέσις

θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension

θέσῐς (canonical)
thésis (romanization)
θέσεως (genitive)
ἡ θέσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ θέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ θέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς θέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ θέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν θεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θέσεσῐ (dative plural)
θέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs thésesi (dative plural)
taîs thésesin (dative plural)
τὴν θέσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ θέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θέσεις (accusative plural)
θέσῐ (singular vocative)
θέσει (dual vocative)
θέσεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: thesis (see there for further descendants)

From τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) + -σις (-sis), although it could either have been formed in Greek or go back earlier. In the latter case, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (root of τίθημι (títhēmi)). Cognates include Sanskrit अपिहिति (ápihiti), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬛𐬍𐬙𐬌 (arōidīti), Latin conditiō, and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃 (gadēþs). More at deed.

suffix

adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own)

(philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis


πάγος

grc-noun

πᾰ́γος • (págos) m (genitive πᾰ́γου); second declension

πᾰ́γος (canonical)
págos (romanization)
πᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

English: -pagus

Romani: -paho

A nominalization of the verb πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to stick, fasten, build, fix”), meaning "that what is built or fixed"; see also πάγη (págē, “snare, trap”) and Latin pagus.

ἵκετο τερμόνιον ἐπὶ πάγον
πόνων ἐμῶν θεωρός, ἢ τί δὴ θέλων;
híketo termónion epì págon

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 117–118

Has someone come to this terminal mountain peak
as a witness to my sufferings - or for some other purpose?

salt, as formed by the evaporation of seawater


ζιζάνια

head

ζῐζᾰ́νῐᾰ • (zizánia)

ζῐζᾰ́νῐᾰ (canonical)
zizánia (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ζῐζᾰ́νῐον (zizánion)


εὐλογία

grc-noun

εὐλογῐ́ᾱ • (eulogíā) f (genitive εὐλογῐ́ᾱς); first declension

εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
eulogíā (romanization)
εὐλογῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐλογῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐλογῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐλογῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐλογῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐλογῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐλογῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐλογῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν εὐλογῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐλογῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
εὐλογῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐλογῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ευλογία (evlogía)

→ Albanian: li

→ English: eulogy

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌰 (aiwlaugia)

→ Italian: eulogia

→ Latin: eulogia

→ Old Georgian: ევლოგიაჲ (evlogiay)

Georgian: ევლოგია (evlogia)

From εὔλογος (eúlogos, “reasonable, sensible”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + λόγος (lógos, “word, utterance, narrative”).


εἰκών

grc-noun

εἰκών • (eikṓn) f (genitive εἰκόνος); third declension

eikṓn (romanization)
εἰκόνος (genitive)
ἡ εἰκών (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰκόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ εἰκόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰκόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰκόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰκόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ εἰκόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰκόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εἰκόσῐ (dative plural)
εἰκόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs eikósi (dative plural)
taîs eikósin (dative plural)
τὴν εἰκόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰκόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εἰκόνᾰς (accusative plural)
εἰκών (singular vocative)
εἰκόνε (dual vocative)
εἰκόνες (plural vocative)

Arabic: أَيْقُونَة (ʔayqūna)

Danish: ikon

Greek: εικόνα (eikóna)

Italian: icona

Sicilian: cuna

Latin: īcōn

English: icon

French: icône

Hungarian: ikon

Spanish: icono

Portuguese: ícone

Polish: ikona

Russian: икона (ikona)

Serbo-Croatian: икона

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to resemble”), although no certain cognates exist outside of Greek. Cognate with ἔοικα (éoika, “to seem (likely that)”), εἴκελος (eíkelos, “like, similar”), εἰκάζω (eikázō, “to portray, liken”), and others.


ζιζάνιον

grc-noun

ζῐζᾰ́νῐον • (zizánion) n (genitive ζῐζᾰνῐ́ου); second declension

ζῐζᾰ́νῐον (canonical)
zizánion (romanization)
ζῐζᾰνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ζῐζᾰ́νῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῐζᾰνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῐζᾰ́νῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῐζᾰνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῐζᾰνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῐζᾰνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῐζᾰνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῐζᾰνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῐζᾰνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ζῐζᾰ́νῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῐζᾰνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῐζᾰ́νῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ζῐζᾰ́νῐον (singular vocative)
ζῐζᾰνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ζῐζᾰ́νῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ζιζάνιο n (zizánio, “weed”)

desctree

→ Latin: zizanium, zizannium, zizania, zizannia
→ Catalan: zitzània
→ English: zizania
→ Italian: zizzania
→ Sicilian: zizzània
Spanish: cizaña
Translingual: Zizania

Loaned through an Aramaic form attested as Jewish Babylonian Aramaic זזניא, זזנייא, Mishnaic Hebrew זזנין, Classical Syriac ܙܺܽܝܙܳܢܳܐ (zīzānā, “ryegrass”), from Sumerian 𒍣𒍝𒀭 (zizān, “wheat”). See also living Arabic زِوَان (ziwān) for the term’s semantic range.

cog

Lolium temulentum
Lolium temulentum#Translingual


ἔμφασις

grc-noun

ἔμφᾰσῐς • (émphasis) f (genitive ἐμφᾰ́σεως); third declension

ἔμφᾰσῐς (canonical)
émphasis (romanization)
ἐμφᾰ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ ἔμφᾰσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμφᾰ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐμφᾰ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐμφᾰ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμφᾰσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμφᾰ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐμφᾰ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμφᾰσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐμφᾰ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐμφᾰ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs emphásesi (dative plural)
taîs emphásesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔμφᾰσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμφᾰ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐμφᾰ́σεις (accusative plural)
ἔμφᾰσῐ (singular vocative)
ἐμφᾰ́σει (dual vocative)
ἐμφᾰ́σεις (plural vocative)

English: emphasis

French: emphase

Portuguese: ênfase

Spanish: énfasis

Catalan: èmfasi

From ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō, “I show, present”, from ἐν- (en-) + φαίνω (phaínō)) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

(rhetoric) significance, emphasis, force


κόμης

grc-noun

κόμης • (kómēs) m (genitive κόμητος); third declension

kómēs (romanization)
κόμητος (genitive)
ὁ κόμης (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμητε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόμητες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κομήτων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κομήτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμησῐ (dative plural)
κόμησῐν (dative plural)
toîs kómēsi (dative plural)
toîs kómēsin (dative plural)
τὸν κόμητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμητε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόμητᾰς (accusative plural)
κόμης (singular vocative)
κόμητε (dual vocative)
κόμητες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: κόμης (kómēs)

Greek: κόμης (kómis)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܡܝܣ (qwmys), ܩܘܡܣ (qwms)

→ Old Armenian: կոմս (koms)

→ Old Georgian: კომსი (ḳomsi)

→ Old Armenian: կոմէս (komēs)


ἰδιώτης

grc-noun

ῐ̓δῐώτης • (idiṓtēs) m (genitive ῐ̓δῐώτου); first declension

ῐ̓δῐώτης (canonical)
idiṓtēs (romanization)
ῐ̓δῐώτου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̓δῐῶται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓δῐωτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓δῐώτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓δῐώταις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̓δῐώτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̓δῐώτᾱς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓δῐῶτᾰ (singular vocative)
ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (dual vocative)
ῐ̓δῐῶται (plural vocative)
ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̓δῐῶται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτεω (genitive singular)
ῐ̓δῐώτω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓δῐωτέων (genitive plural)
ῐ̓δῐωτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓δῐώτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ῐ̓δῐώτῃσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓δῐώτῃσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi idiṓtēisi (dative plural)
toîsi idiṓtēisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̓δῐώτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̓δῐώτᾱς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓δῐῶτᾰ (singular vocative)
ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ (dual vocative)
ῐ̓δῐῶται (plural vocative)

Greek: ιδιώτης m (idiótis)

→ Hebrew: הֶדְיוֹט m (hedyóṭ)

→ Latin: idiōta m

→ Danish: idiot

→ Dutch: idioot

→ English: idiot

→ French: idiot m

→ Georgian: იდიოტი (idioṭi)

→ German: Idiot m

→ Hebrew: אִידִיוֹט m (idyóṭ)

→ Italian: idiota m

→ Portuguese: idiota m or f

→ Romanian: idiot m

→ Russian: идио́т m (idiót)

→ Spanish: idiota m or f

→ Swedish: idiot

From ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, private”) + -ώτης (-ṓtēs).

affix

a private person, one not engaged in public affairs

a private soldier, as opposed to a general


μαχανά

grc-noun

μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ • (mākhanā́) f (genitive μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ς); first declension

μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (canonical)
mākhanā́ (romanization)
μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ς (genitive)

→ Latin: māchina (see there for further descendants)

→ Laz: მანგანა (mangana)

→ Old Georgian: მანქანაჲ (mankanay)

Georgian: მანქანა (mankana)

→ Proto-Albanian: *mākanā

Albanian: mokër


παρένθεσις

πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension

πᾰρένθεσῐς (canonical)
parénthesis (romanization)
πᾰρενθέσεως (genitive)
ἡ πᾰρένθεσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρενθέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρενθέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρενθέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρενθεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρενθέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρενθέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρενθεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρενθέσεσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰρενθέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs parenthésesi (dative plural)
taîs parenthésesin (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰρένθεσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρενθέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρενθέσεις (accusative plural)
πᾰρένθεσῐ (singular vocative)
πᾰρενθέσει (dual vocative)
πᾰρενθέσεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: parenthesis

→ French: parenthèse

Greek: παρένθεση (parénthesi)

From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) + -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”).

af

πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ


ῥόμβος

grc-noun

ῥόμβος • (rhómbos) m (genitive ῥόμβου); second declension

rhómbos (romanization)
ῥόμβου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόμβους (accusative plural)
ῥόμβε (singular vocative)
ῥόμβω (dual vocative)
ῥόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ρόμβος (rómvos) (learned)

→ Latin: rhombus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ռումբ (ṙumb) (possibly)

→ Georgian: რუმბი (rumbi) (possibly)

→ Russian: ромб m (romb)

(religion) bullroarer, an instrument whirled on the end of a string

ῥόμβος δέ, ὃ ἰσόπλευρον μέν, οὐκ ὀρθογώνιον δέ

a rhombus is that which is equilateral but not right-angled

rhómbos dé, hò isópleuron mén, ouk orthogṓnion dé

type of fish including the turbot and brill


σῦριγξ

σῦρῐγξ • (sûrinx) f (genitive σῡ́ρῐγγος); third declension

σῦρῐγξ (canonical)
sûrinx (romanization)
σῡ́ρῐγγος (genitive)
ἡ σῦρῐγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡ́ρῐγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ σῡ́ρῐγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς σῡ́ρῐγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡρῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡρῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῡ́ρῐγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡρῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῡ́ρῐγξῐ (dative plural)
σῡ́ρῐγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs sū́rinxi (dative plural)
taîs sū́rinxin (dative plural)
τὴν σῡ́ρῐγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡ́ρῐγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῡ́ρῐγγᾰς (accusative plural)
σῦρῐγξ (singular vocative)
σῡ́ρῐγγε (dual vocative)
σῡ́ρῐγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: σύριγγα f (sýringa, “pan pipes”)

Katharevousa: σύριγξ f (sýrinx, “pan pipes”)

desctree

→ Latin: sȳrinx
Catalan: xeringa, → siringa
French: seringue
→ English: syringe
Italian: siringa
Portuguese: siringe, siringa, seringa
Spanish: siringe
Translingual: Syringa

→ Old Armenian: սրինգ (sring)

→ Sanskrit: सुरङ्ग (suraṅga)

desc

→ Bengali: সুড়ঙ্গ (śuṛoṅgo) (semi-learned)

→ Translingual: Syringa

The suffix -ιγγ- implies a Pre-Greek origin because of non-native pronunciation.

mouthpiece of an αὐλός (aulós, “pipe, flute”)

anything pipe-shaped
hole in the nave of a wheel

anything pipe-shaped
aperture of a hinge

(medicine, in the plural) bronchial passages

anything pipe-shaped
fistulous sore, abscess

anything pipe-shaped
groove or barrel of a catapult

anything pipe-shaped
subterranean passage, mine

anything pipe-shaped
covered gallery, cloister


σύνταξις

grc-noun

σῠ́ντᾰξῐς • (súntaxis) f (genitive σῠντᾰ́ξεως or σῠντᾰ́ξῐος); third declension

σῠ́ντᾰξῐς (canonical)
súntaxis (romanization)
σῠντᾰ́ξεως (genitive)
σῠντᾰ́ξῐος (genitive)
ἡ σῠ́ντᾰξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠντᾰ́ξει (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠντᾰ́ξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠντᾰ́ξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠντᾰξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠντᾰ́ξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠντᾰ́ξει (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠντᾰξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠντᾰ́ξεσῐ (dative plural)
σῠντᾰ́ξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs suntáxesi (dative plural)
taîs suntáxesin (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́ντᾰξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠντᾰ́ξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠντᾰ́ξεις (accusative plural)
σῠ́ντᾰξῐ (singular vocative)
σῠντᾰ́ξει (dual vocative)
σῠντᾰ́ξεις (plural vocative)
ἡ σῠ́ντᾰξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠντᾰ́ξῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠντᾰ́ξῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠντᾰ́ξῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠντᾰξῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠντᾰξῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠντᾰ́ξῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠντᾰξῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν σῠντᾰ́ξῐσῐ (dative plural)
σῠντᾰ́ξῐσῐν (dative plural)
têisi suntáxisi (dative plural)
têisi suntáxisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́ντᾰξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠντᾰ́ξῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠντᾰ́ξῑς (accusative plural)
σῠντᾰ́ξῐᾰς (accusative plural)
σῠ́ντᾰξῐ (singular vocative)
σῠντᾰ́ξῐε (dual vocative)
σῠντᾰ́ξῐες (plural vocative)

Greek: σύνταξη (sýntaxi)

→ Latin: syntaxis

→ French: syntaxe

→ Russian: си́нтаксис m (síntaksis)

array, arrangement, organization, system, order


συμπάθεια

σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ • (sumpátheia) f (genitive σῠμπᾰθείᾱς); first declension

σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (canonical)
sumpátheia (romanization)
σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠμπᾰ́θειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμπᾰθείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμπᾰθειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠμπᾰθείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμπᾰθείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠμπᾰθείαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠμπᾰ́θειαι (plural vocative)

Greek: συμπάθεια (sympátheia)

desctree

→ Latin: sympathīa
→ Middle French: sympathie
French: sympathie
→ Dutch: sympathie
→ English: sympathy
→ Polish: sympatia
→ Russian: симпа́тия f (simpátija), сочу́вствие n inan (sočúvstvije) (calque)
→ German: Sympathie
→ Italian: simpatia
→ Portuguese: simpatia
→ Spanish: simpatía
→ Swedish: sympati

→ Finnish: sympatia

→ Serbo-Croatian: simpatija

From σῠμπᾰθής (sumpathḗs, “affected by like feelings; exerting mutual influence, interacting”) + -ῐᾰ (-ia, “-y”, nominal suffix).

af

(philosophy) affection, affinity
(music) (of chords) vibrating together

affection, affinity
(of chords) vibrating together

(astronomy) affinity, concord of heavenly bodies

(medicine) sympathetic affection of the body


ψάμμος

grc-noun

ψᾰ́μμος • (psámmos) f or m (genitive ψᾰ́μμου); second declension

ψᾰ́μμος (canonical)
psámmos (romanization)
ψᾰ́μμου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ψᾰ́μμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψᾰ́μμω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ψᾰ́μμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ψᾰ́μμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψᾰ́μμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψᾰ́μμων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ψᾰ́μμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψᾰ́μμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ψᾰ́μμοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ψᾰ́μμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψᾰ́μμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ψᾰ́μμους (accusative plural)
ψᾰ́μμε (singular vocative)
ψᾰ́μμω (dual vocative)
ψᾰ́μμοι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Could be from a *ψάφμος (*psáphmos) (compare the pair γράφω (gráphō), γράμμα (grámma)), and thus perhaps related to ψαφαρός (psapharós, “powdery, sandy”), ψῆφος (psêphos, “pebble”), as well as Latin sabulum. Possibly from the same root as ψῆν (psên, “to rub, grate, scratch”), though the formal relationship, if there is one, is unknown. Onomatopoeia may be involved.


ὑπόθεσις

ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension

ῠ̔πόθεσῐς (canonical)
hupóthesis (romanization)
ῠ̔ποθέσεως (genitive)
ἡ ῠ̔πόθεσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποθέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔ποθέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔ποθέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποθεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποθέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔ποθέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποθεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔ποθέσεσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔ποθέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hupothésesi (dative plural)
taîs hupothésesin (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔πόθεσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποθέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔ποθέσεις (accusative plural)
ῠ̔πόθεσῐ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποθέσει (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποθέσεις (plural vocative)

Greek: υπόθεση f (ypóthesi)

→ Latin: hypothesis (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: гипо́теза f (gipóteza)

From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (hupotíthēmi, “I place under, set before, suggest”) + -σῐς (-sis), from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to put, place”).

af

proposal, proposed action; policy, intention

subject proposed for discussion
lawsuit, legal case

subject proposed for discussion
subject, topic

subject proposed for discussion
play, pantomime

supposition, assumption, hypothesis
presupposition

supposition, assumption, hypothesis
premise

supposition, assumption, hypothesis
starting point

supposition, assumption, hypothesis
raw material

placing under
base (thing placed under another)


σύνθεσις

grc-noun

σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension

σῠ́νθεσῐς (canonical)
súnthesis (romanization)
σῠνθέσεως (genitive)
ἡ σῠ́νθεσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνθέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠνθέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνθέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνθεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνθέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνθέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνθεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνθέσεσῐ (dative plural)
σῠνθέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sunthésesi (dative plural)
taîs sunthésesin (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́νθεσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνθέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνθέσεις (accusative plural)
σῠ́νθεσῐ (singular vocative)
σῠνθέσει (dual vocative)
σῠνθέσεις (plural vocative)

Greek: σύνθεση (sýnthesi)

→ Latin: synthesis

English: synthesis

French: synthèse

Russian: си́нтез m (síntez)

From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) + -σῐς (-sis).

a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis


συμμετρία

σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ • (summetríā) f (genitive σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
summetríā (romanization)
σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠμμετρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμμετρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμμετρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠμμετρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμμετρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠμμετρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σῠμμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠμμετρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

desc

> Greek: συμμετρία (symmetría) (inherited)

→ Latin: symmetria (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: симметрия (simmetrija)

From σύμμετρος (súmmetros, “symmetrical”) + -ία (-ía), from σῠν- (sun-, “with”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).


ἁμαρτία

grc-noun

ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱ • (hamartíā) f (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱ (canonical)
hamartíā (romanization)
ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἁμαρτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ ἁμαρτῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁμαρτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν ἁμαρτῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁμαρτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς ἁμαρτῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἁμαρτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ἁμαρτῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἁμαρτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἁμαρτῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: αμαρτία (amartía)

From the root of ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “to miss, fail”) + -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).


μάρμαρος

grc-noun

μάρμᾰρος • (mármaros) m (genitive μαρμᾰ́ρου); second declension

μάρμᾰρος (canonical)
mármaros (romanization)
μαρμᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ μάρμᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρμᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μάρμᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρμᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρμᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρμᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρμᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρμᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρμᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν μάρμᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρμᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρμᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
μάρμᾰρε (singular vocative)
μαρμᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
μάρμᾰροι (plural vocative)

Greek: μάρμαρο (mármaro)

→ Arabic: مرمر (marmar)

→ Bulgarian: мра́мор (mrámor)

→ Latin: marmor (see there for further descendants)

→ English: marble

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: мраморъ (mramorŭ)

→ Russian: мра́мор (mrámor)

→ Old Polish: marmor

→ Lithuanian: mármoras

desctree

→ Old Armenian: մարմար (marmar), մարմարիոն (marmarion), մարմարիովն (marmariovn)
Middle Armenian: մարմար (marmar), մարմառ (marmaṙ), մառմառ (maṙmaṙ)
Armenian: մարմար (marmar)
→? Old Georgian: მარმალი (marmali)

→ Old Georgian: მარმარილოჲ (marmariloy), მარმარინოჲ (marmarinoy)
Georgian: მარმარილო (marmarilo)
→ Bats: მარმარილო̆ (marmarilŏ)
→ Mingrelian: მარმარილო (marmarilo)

desc

→ Old East Slavic: мороморъ (moromorŭ), мироморъ (miromorŭ)

desctree

→ Persian: مرمر (marmar)
→ Azerbaijani: mərmər
→ Bashkir: мәрмәр (mərmər)
→ Karachay-Balkar: мәрмәр
→ Kazakh: мәрмәр (märmär)
→ Northern Kurdish: mermer
→ Nogai: мәрмәр
→ Ottoman Turkish: مرمر (mermer)
Turkish: mermer
→ Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਮਰ (marmar)
Shahmukhi script: مرمر (marmar)
→ Tatar: мәрмәр (märmär), märmär
→ Turkmen: mermer
→ Uyghur: مەرمەر (mermer)
→ Uzbek: marmar

Of uncertain origin. Based on the original sense of "stone, rock", Frisk derives the word from the root of μᾰ́ρνᾰμαι (márnamai, “to fight, battle”) (perhaps in a sense of "stone weapons"), with folk-etymological semantic influence from μαρμαίρω (marmaírō, “I sparkle”); others, such as Mazon, prefer to directly connect the word to μαρμαίρω (marmaírō). Due to the lack of strong evidence of connection to other words, as well as perhaps the semantic category of "local rocks", Beekes suggests Pre-Greek origin.
An alternative theory by Roberts suggests a reduplicative formation from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to rub away, cause harm, to die”), in the sense of marble's fragility.

der

marble
anything made of marble, tombstone


δικαιοσύνη

grc-noun

δῐκαιοσῠ́νης

δῐκαιοσῠ́νη • (dikaiosúnē) f (genitive δῐκαιοσῠ́νης); first declension

δῐκαιοσῠ́νη (canonical)
dikaiosúnē (romanization)
δῐκαιοσῠ́νης (genitive)
ἡ δῐκαιοσῠ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐκαιοσῠ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐκαιοσῠ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐκαιοσῠ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐκαιοσῠ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐκαιοσῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐκαιοσῠ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐκαιοσῠ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐκαιοσῠ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐκαιοσῠ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐκαιοσῠ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐκαιοσῠ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐκαιοσῠ́νη (singular vocative)
δῐκαιοσῠ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐκαιοσῠ́ναι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: δικαιοσύνη f (dikaiosýni, “justice”)

From δῐ́καιος (díkaios, “just”) + -σῠ́νη (-súnē).


ἀργύριον

grc-noun

ἀργύρῐον • (argúrion) n (genitive ἀργῠρίου); second declension

ἀργύρῐον (canonical)
argúrion (romanization)
ἀργῠρίου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive).


βελόνη

grc-noun

βελόνη • (belónē) f (genitive βελόνης); first declension

belónē (romanization)
βελόνης (genitive)
ἡ βελόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ βελόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βελόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βελόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βελόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βελόναις (dative plural)
τὴν βελόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ βελόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βελόνᾱς (accusative plural)
βελόνη (singular vocative)
βελόνᾱ (dual vocative)
βελόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: βελόνα (velóna)

Translingual: Belone (garfish)


βέλος

βέλος • (bélos) n (genitive βέλους or βέλεος); third declension

bélos (romanization)
βέλους (genitive)
βέλεος (genitive)
τὸ βέλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βέλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βέλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ βέλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν βελοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βέλεσῐ (dative plural)
βέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs bélesi (dative plural)
toîs bélesin (dative plural)
τὸ βέλος (accusative singular)
τὼ βέλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βέλη (accusative plural)
βέλος (singular vocative)
βέλει (dual vocative)
βέλη (plural vocative)
βέλος (nominative singular)
βέλει (dual nominative)
βέλεε (dual nominative)
βέλεᾰ (nominative plural)
βέλεος (genitive singular)
βέλευς (genitive singular)
βελέοιν (dual genitive)
βελέων (genitive plural)
βέλει (dative singular)
βέλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
βελέοιν (dative dual)
βέλεσῐ (dative plural)
βέλεσῐν (dative plural)
βελέεσσῐ (dative plural)
βελέεσσῐν (dative plural)
bélesi (dative plural)
bélesin (dative plural)
beléessi (dative plural)
beléessin (dative plural)
βέλος (accusative singular)
βέλει (accusative dual)
βέλεε (accusative dual)
βέλεᾰ (accusative plural)
βέλος (singular vocative)
βέλει (dual vocative)
βέλεε (dual vocative)
βέλεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βέλεσῐ(ν) / βελέεσσῐ(ν)

Greek: βέλος (vélos)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷélHos, from *gʷelH-. (The expected form is *δέλος, but the initial consonant has evidently been leveled with that of the cognate verb βάλλω (bállō).) Cognates include Old High German quelan and Lithuanian gelti.


ἐλπίς

grc-noun

ἐλπῐ́ς • (elpís) f (genitive ἐλπῐ́δος); third declension

ἐλπῐ́ς (canonical)
elpís (romanization)
ἐλπῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἐλπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐλπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs elpísi (dative plural)
taîs elpísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐλπῐ́ (singular vocative)
ἐλπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐλπῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ (helpis)

Greek: ελπίδα (elpída)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *welp- (“to hope, expect”), like ἔλπω (élpō, “I cause to hope”).

der

πρὸς δὲ τούτοιν ἀμφοῖν αὖ δόξας μελλόντων, οἷν κοινὸν μὲν ὄνομα ἐλπίς, ἴδιον δέ, φόβος μὲν ἡ πρὸ λύπης ἐλπίς, θάρρος δὲ ἡ πρὸ τοῦ ἐναντίου

in addition to both of these, [each of us] also [possesses] opinions about things that will happen, for which the usual name is "expectation", and a particular [name]: the expectation before pain is fear, while [expectation] before the opposite is courage

pròs dè toútoin amphoîn aû dóxas mellóntōn, hoîn koinòn mèn ónoma elpís, ídion dé, phóbos mèn hē prò lúpēs elpís, thárrhos dè hē prò toû enantíou

hope, expectation, belief that something will happen


κίνησις

grc-noun

κῑ́νησῐς • (kī́nēsis) f (genitive κῑνήσεως); third declension

κῑ́νησῐς (canonical)
kī́nēsis (romanization)
κῑνήσεως (genitive)
ἡ κῑ́νησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῑνήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῑνήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῑνήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῑνησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῑνήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῑνήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῑνησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῑνήσεσῐ (dative plural)
κῑνήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kīnḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs kīnḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν κῑ́νησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῑνήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῑνήσεις (accusative plural)
κῑ́νησῐ (singular vocative)
κῑνήσει (dual vocative)
κῑνήσεις (plural vocative)

English: kinesis

From κῑνέω (kīnéō, “I move”) + -σῐς (-sis).


ῥοία

ῥοίᾱ • (rhoíā) f (genitive ῥοίᾱς); first declension

ῥοίᾱ (canonical)
rhoíā (romanization)
ῥοίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥοίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥοίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥοῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥοίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥοίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥοίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥοίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥοίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥοίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥοίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥοίᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥοίᾱ (singular vocative)
ῥοίᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥοῖαι (plural vocative)

English: -rrhea


ὄνος

ὄνος • (ónos) m or f (genitive ὄνου); second declension

ónos (romanization)
ὄνου (genitive)
ὁ ὄνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄνοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄνους (accusative plural)
ὄνε (singular vocative)
ὄνω (dual vocative)
ὄνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: όνος m (ónos)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Pre-Greek. Compare the discussion at Latin asinus.

ἀπ’ ὄνου καταπεσεῖν

one who gets into a scrape by his own clumsiness

ὄνος ὕεται

one who is unmoved by what is done or said

ass, donkey; jack, jackass (male); jenny, jennyass (female)


καλοκαγαθία

κᾰλοκᾰγᾰθίᾱς

κᾰλοκᾰγᾰθίᾱ • (kalokagathíā) f (genitive κᾰλοκᾰγᾰθίᾱς); first declension

κᾰλοκᾰγᾰθίᾱ (canonical)
kalokagathíā (romanization)
κᾰλοκᾰγᾰθίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ καλοκαγαθίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ καλοκαγαθίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ καλοκαγαθίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς καλοκαγαθίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν καλοκαγαθίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καλοκαγαθιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ καλοκαγαθίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καλοκαγαθίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς καλοκαγαθίαις (dative plural)
τὴν καλοκαγαθίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ καλοκαγαθίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς καλοκαγαθίᾱς (accusative plural)
καλοκαγαθίᾱ (singular vocative)
καλοκαγαθίᾱ (dual vocative)
καλοκαγαθίαι (plural vocative)

→ English: kalokagathia (see more at translations)

desc

калокага̀тија

→ Serbo-Croatian: kalokagàtija, калокага̀тија

From καλοκάγαθος (kalokágathos, “gentleman”) + -ίᾱ (-íā), from καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθός (kalòs kaì agathós, “beautiful and good”), shortened as καλός κἀγαθός (kalós kagathós).

af

the traits and character of a gentleman; nobility, gentlemanliness.


κυπάρισσος

grc-noun

κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσος • (kupárissos) f (genitive κῠπᾰρῐ́σσου); second declension

κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσος (canonical)
kupárissos (romanization)
κῠπᾰρῐ́σσου (genitive)
ὁ κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠπᾰρῐ́σσω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠπᾰρῐ́σσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠπᾰρῐ́σσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠπᾰρῐ́σσων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠπᾰρῐ́σσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠπᾰρῐ́σσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠπᾰρῐ́σσοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠπᾰρῐ́σσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠπᾰρῐ́σσους (accusative plural)
κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσε (singular vocative)
κῠπᾰρῐ́σσω (dual vocative)
κῠπᾰ́ρῐσσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυπαρίσσι (kyparíssi)

→ Romanian: chiparos

desctree

→ Latin: cupressus, cypressus (Late Latin), cyparissus (only in Virgil)
→ Aragonese: cupreso (Sarrablés)
Catalan: ciprés, ciprer, xiprer
→ English: cypress
→ French: cyprès
→ Italian: cipresso
→ Norman: cyprès (Jersey)
Piedmontese: sipress
Portuguese: cipreste
→ Spanish: ciprés

→ Old Armenian: կիպարիս (kiparis)

→ Old Georgian: კჳპაროსი (ḳwiṗarosi), კჳპაროზი (ḳwiṗarozi)
Georgian: კვიპაროსი (ḳviṗarosi)

→ Russian: кипари́с (kiparís)

Probably from a Mediterranean Pre-Greek language; compare Hebrew כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר (kōp̱er, “pitch, tar; henna”), Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܟܘܦܪܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; henna”), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎔𐎗 (kpr, “henna”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀞𐀫 (ku-pa-ro, debatable plant), Coptic ⲕⲟⲩⲡⲣ (koupr, “henna”), Demotic qwpr (“henna”), Egyptian qwpr (a given name), Dongolawi kofrē (“henna”), all ultimately from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”) from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear, to daub on”).
"Gopher" was the name of the tree whose wood was used to make the ark (Genesis 6:14).

bor

כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר

cog

Aramaic כּוּפְרָא

der

Cupressus sempervirens
Cupressus sempervirens#Translingual