λάγυνος

grc-noun

λᾰ́γῡνος, λᾰ́γῠνος

λᾰ́γῡνος, λᾰ́γῠνος • (lágūnos, lágunos) m or f (genitive λαγῡ́νου or λαγῠ́νου); second declension

λᾰ́γῡνος (canonical)
λᾰ́γῠνος (canonical)
lágūnos (romanization)
lágunos (romanization)
λαγῡ́νου (genitive)
λαγῠ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λᾰ́γῡνος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγῡ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λᾰ́γῡνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λᾰγῡ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῡ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγῡ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λᾰγῡ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῡ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λᾰγῡ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λᾰ́γῡνον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγῡ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰγῡ́νους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́γῡνε (singular vocative)
λᾰγῡ́νω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́γῡνοι (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λᾰ́γῠνος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγῠ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λᾰ́γῠνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λᾰγῠ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῠ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγῠ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λᾰγῠ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῠ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λᾰγῠ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λᾰ́γῠνον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγῠ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰγῠ́νους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́γῠνε (singular vocative)
λᾰγῠ́νω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́γῠνοι (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: lagēna
Portuguese: laje, lájea, lajem, laja
→ Arabic: لَجَانَة (lajāna) (super-rare)
→ English: lagena
→ Swedish: lägel

→ Old Georgian: ლაგჳნი (lagwini)
Georgian: ლაგვინი (lagvini), ლაგვანი (lagvani) ლაგინაჲ (laginay)
→ Mingrelian: ლაგვანი (lagvani), ჲაგვანი (yagvani)

Probably Pre-Greek. Compare Akkadian 𒆷𒄩𒉡 (laḫannu, “flask, bottle (of clay, glass or metal)”), Hittite 𒆷𒄩𒉌 (lahan(n)i), Ancient Greek λεκάνη (lekánē, “basin”), Aramaic לִגְנָא (lignā, “a unit of square measure”) > rare Arabic لُجْنَة (lujna), Aramaic לְגִינָא (ləgīnā), לְגִינְתָּא (ləgīntā, “jug for wine and oil, lagin, a unit of volume measure”), Ge'ez ልጕን (ləgʷən), ልጐን (ləgʷän, “a unit of measure, a pot used for storing and for measuring”), Amharic ለገን (lägän, “a fictile vessel”).


κύκνος

grc-noun

κύκνος • (kúknos) m (genitive κύκνου); second declension

kúknos (romanization)
κύκνου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́κνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́κνω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́κνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́κνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠ́κνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́κνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́κνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠ́κνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́κνοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́κνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́κνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠ́κνους (accusative plural)
κῠ́κνε (singular vocative)
κῠ́κνω (dual vocative)
κῠ́κνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cycnus

⇒ Latin: cygnus

desc

→ Arabic: قُقْنُس (quqnus), قُقْنُوس (quqnūs)

→ Persian: ققنوس, ققنس (qaqnos)

→ Urdu: ققنس (qaqnus)

⇒ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܩܢܘܣ (qūqnōs), ܩܘܩܢܣ (/qwqns/), ܩܝܩܝܢܘܣ (/qyqynws/)

→ Old Armenian: կիկնոս (kiknos), կիւկնոս (kiwknos)

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”), with cognates including Sanskrit शोचति (śócati) and शुक्र (śukrá), and possibly Old Norse Hǿnir (“god associated with swans and storks”). Could also be onomatopoeic from the sound of the swan's call (compare Russian кы-кы (ky-ky, “cry of a swan”)).


στοά

grc-noun

στοᾱ́ • (stoā́) f (genitive στοᾶς); first declension

στοᾱ́ (canonical)
stoā́ (romanization)
στοᾶς (genitive)
ἡ στοᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ στοᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ στοαί (nominative plural)
τῆς στοᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στοαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στοῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στοᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν στοαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στοαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν στοᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ στοᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στοᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
στοᾱ́ (singular vocative)
στοᾱ́ (dual vocative)
στοαί (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: אסטוא

→ Coptic: ⲥⲧⲟⲁ (stoa)

→ English: stoa (learned)

→ Finnish: stoa (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *stōyyā́, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂-w-ih₂, ultimately from the root *steh₂- (“to stand”), whence also στῦλος (stûlos, “column, pillar”). Cognates include Old English stōwian, stōw (English stow), Sanskrit स्थावर (sthāvará), Persian ستاوند (sotâvand), Kurdish, Lithuanian stovéti, stovà, Old Church Slavonic ставити (staviti). Compare ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).

cog

ئهستونده، ستوند

a roofed porch or walkway having one or more aisles framed and supported by one or more colonnades: portico; arcade, cloister, piazza (e.g. the Stoa Basileios and the Stoa Poikile in the ancient Agora of Athens).

a building marked by having such a roofed and colonnaded porch or walkway (e.g. the Stoa of Attalos in the ancient Agora of Athens).


πίναξ

grc-noun

πῐ́νᾰξ • (pínax) m (genitive πῐ́νᾰκος); third declension

πῐ́νᾰξ (canonical)
pínax (romanization)
πῐ́νᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́νᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐνᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐ́νᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐ́νᾰξῐ (dative plural)
πῐ́νᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs pínaxi (dative plural)
toîs pínaxin (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́νᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐ́νᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
πῐ́νᾰξ (singular vocative)
πῐ́νᾰκε (dual vocative)
πῐ́νᾰκες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: πινάκι (pináki)

→ Italian: pinace (learned)

Greek: πίνακας (pínakas)

→ Aramaic: פינכא (pinkaʾ)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܝܢܟܐ (pīnḵā)

i

→ Persian: پنگان (pengân) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)

→ Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān)

→ Persian: فنجان (fenjân)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فنجان (fincan)

Turkish: fincan

→ English: pinak-, pinac-

→ Hebrew: פנקס (learned)

→ Italian: pinax (learned)

→ Latin: pinax (learned)

→ Old Armenian: պնակ (pnak)

Armenian: պնակ (pnak)

→ Udi: пӏинаькӏ (ṗinäḳ) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)

desc

→ Old Georgian: პინაკი (ṗinaḳi), პინაგი (ṗinagi)

Georgian: პინა (ṗina), → პინაკი (ṗinaḳi) (learned)

→ Ossetian: фынг (fyng) (learned) (possibly)

Since Fick (1890), considered a native word of Proto-Indo-European origin, cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”) and Proto-Slavic *pь̏ňь (whence Old Church Slavonic пьнь (pĭnĭ), Russian пень (penʹ, “trunk, stub”)). On the other hand, Beekes inevitably prefers a Pre-Greek origin, though allows that the Slavic terms may be cognate.


πεῖσαι

head

πεῖσαι • (peîsai) f

nominative/vocative plural of πεῖσα (peîsa)


στόμαχος

grc-noun

στόμᾰχος • (stómakhos) m (genitive στομᾰ́χου); second declension

στόμᾰχος (canonical)
stómakhos (romanization)
στομᾰ́χου (genitive)
ὁ στόμᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ στομᾰ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ στόμᾰχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στομᾰ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στομᾰ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στομᾰ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ στομᾰ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στομᾰ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στομᾰ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν στόμᾰχον (accusative singular)
τὼ στομᾰ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στομᾰ́χους (accusative plural)
στόμᾰχε (singular vocative)
στομᾰ́χω (dual vocative)
στόμᾰχοι (plural vocative)

⇒ Koine Greek: στομάχιον (stomákhion)

Greek: στομάχι (stomáchi)

→ Greek: στόμαχος (stómachos) (learned)

desc

→ Aramaic: אסטומכא

→ Aramaic: אסטומכא

Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܡܟܐ (ʾesṭomkā)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: איצטומכא, איסטומכא

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: איסטומך

→ Latin: stomachus (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: ստամոքս (stamokʻs), ստամոք (stamokʻ), ստամաք (stamakʻ)
→ Armenian: ստամոքս (stamokʻs) (learned)

→ Old Georgian: სტომაქი (sṭomaki)

Georgian: სტომაქი (sṭomaki)
→ Bats: სტომაგ (sṭomag)
→ Mingrelian: სომაქი (somaki)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: стомахъ (stomaxŭ)

Bulgarian: стома́х (stomáh)

→ Old East Slavic: стомахъ (stomaxŭ)

Russian: стома́х (stomáx)

Ukrainian: стома́х (stomáx)

From στόμα (stóma, “mouth”), with a suffix -χος (-khos) (also found in οὐρᾰχός (ourakhós, “urachus”)), the latter of unclear and probably Pre-Greek origin.


πεῖσις

grc-noun

πεῖσῐς • (peîsis) f (genitive πείσεως); third declension

πεῖσῐς (canonical)
peîsis (romanization)
πείσεως (genitive)
ἡ πεῖσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πείσει (dual nominative)
αἱ πείσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πείσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεισέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πείσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πείσει (dative singular)
τοῖν πεισέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πείσεσῐ (dative plural)
πείσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs peísesi (dative plural)
taîs peísesin (dative plural)
τὴν πεῖσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πείσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πείσεις (accusative plural)
πεῖσῐ (singular vocative)
πείσει (dual vocative)
πείσεις (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: פיסא

From πείθω (peíthō, “I persuade”) + -σῐς (-sis). Compare the inherited formation, πῐ́στῐς (pístis).

doublet

πῐ́στῐς (pístis)


πεῖσις

From πάσχω (páskhō), πείσομαι (peísomai, “I feel, suffer”) + -σῐς (-sis).


ταώς

grc-noun

τᾰώς • (taṓs) m (genitive τᾰώ); second declension

τᾰώς (canonical)
taṓs (romanization)
τᾰώ (genitive)
ὁ τᾰώς (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰώ (dual nominative)
οἱ τᾰῴ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰώ (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰῴν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰών (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰῴ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰῴν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰῴς (dative plural)
τὸν τᾰώ (accusative singular)
τᾰών (accusative singular)
tòn taṓ (accusative singular)
tòn taṓn (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τᾰώς (accusative plural)
τᾰώς (singular vocative)
τᾰώ (dual vocative)
τᾰῴ (plural vocative)

From an earlier *ταϝώς (*tawṓs), of Pre-Greek origin; possibly from an Oriental source,perhaps from Dravidian (compare Tamil தோகை (tōkai, “("peacock”)) or a Turkic source (compare Turkish tavuk (“hen”)). Cognates include Latin pāvus, pāvō, and perhaps Hebrew טַוָּס (ṭawwā́s), Aramaic טַוסָא (ṭawsā), Arabic طَاوُوس (ṭāwūs).

cog

Arabic طَاوُوس (ṭāwūs)


ὠκεανός

grc-noun

ὠκεᾰνός • (ōkeanós) m (genitive ὠκεᾰνοῦ); second declension

ὠκεᾰνός (canonical)
ōkeanós (romanization)
ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὠκεᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠκεᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὠκεᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠκεᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠκεᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠκεᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὠκεᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠκεᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὠκεᾰνούς (accusative plural)
ὠκεᾰνέ (singular vocative)
ὠκεᾰνώ (dual vocative)
ὠκεᾰνοί (plural vocative)

desc

أُوقْيَانُوس

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

desctree

Arabic: قَامُوس (qāmūs)
→ Hausa: ƙamus
→ Malay: kamus
→ Indonesian: kamus
→ Maranao: kamos
→ Northern Kurdish: qamûs
→ Ottoman Turkish: قاموس (kamus)
Turkish: kamus
→ Pashto: قاموس (qâmos)
→ Persian: قاموس (qâmus)
Tajik: қомус (qomus)
→ Somali: qaamuus
→ Sundanese: kamus
→ Swahili: kamusi
→ Kikuyu: kamusi
→ Luhya: ekamusi
→ Meru: kamusi
→ Urdu: قاموس (qāmūs)
→ Uyghur: قامۇس (qamus)

desc

Urdu: اوقیانوس (ūqyânūs)

Urdu: اوقیانوس (ūqyânūs)

Ottoman Turkish: اقیانوس (okyanus)

Turkish: okyanus

Persian: اقیانوس (oqyânus)

Tajik: уқёнус (uqyonus)

Aramaic:

Aramaic: אוקינוס

Classical Syriac: ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ (ʾōqēyannōs)

Armenian:

Old Armenian: ովկիանոս (ovkianos), ուկեանոս (ukeanos)

Armenian: օվկիանոս (ōvkianos)

→ Bulgarian: океа́н m (okeán)

Coptic: ⲱⲕⲉⲁⲛⲟⲥ (ōkeanos)

→ German: Ozean

Greek: ωκεανός (okeanós)

→ Hebrew: אוקיינוס (okyanus)

desctree

→ Latin: oceanus
→ Basque: ozeano
Catalan: oceà
→ Dutch: oceaan
→ English: ocean
French: océan
Friulian: ocean
→ Galician: océano
→ German: Ozean
→ Old Irish: océn
Irish: aigéan
Scottish Gaelic: aigeann
Italian: oceano
Occitan: ocean
Piedmontese: ocean
→ Portuguese: oceano
Romanian: ocean
Sicilian: ucèanu
Spanish: océano
→ Welsh: eigion

→ Russian: океа́н m (okeán)


τάξις

grc-noun

τᾰ́ξῐς • (táxis) f (genitive τᾰ́ξεως or τᾰ́ξῐος); third declension

τᾰ́ξῐς (canonical)
táxis (romanization)
τᾰ́ξεως (genitive)
τᾰ́ξῐος (genitive)
ἡ τᾰ́ξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́ξει (dual nominative)
αἱ τᾰ́ξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τᾰ́ξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰ́ξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τᾰ́ξει (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τᾰ́ξεσῐ (dative plural)
τᾰ́ξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs táxesi (dative plural)
taîs táxesin (dative plural)
τὴν τᾰ́ξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́ξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τᾰ́ξεις (accusative plural)
τᾰ́ξῐ (singular vocative)
τᾰ́ξει (dual vocative)
τᾰ́ξεις (plural vocative)
ἡ τᾰ́ξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́ξῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ τᾰ́ξῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς τᾰ́ξῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰξῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰξῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ τᾰ́ξῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰξῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν τᾰ́ξῐσῐ (dative plural)
τᾰ́ξῐσῐν (dative plural)
têisi táxisi (dative plural)
têisi táxisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν τᾰ́ξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰ́ξῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τᾰ́ξῑς (accusative plural)
τᾰ́ξῐᾰς (accusative plural)
τᾰ́ξῐ (singular vocative)
τᾰ́ξῐε (dual vocative)
τᾰ́ξῐες (plural vocative)

Greek: τάξη (táxi)

Coptic: ⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ (taksis)

desc

Hebrew: תַּכְסִיס (takhsís), טֶקֶס (tékes)

Arabic: طَقْس (ṭaqs)

Aramaic: (Jewish Palestinian Aramaic) טכסא, טקסיס, (Christian Palestinian Aramaic) ܛܟܣܐ, ܛܟܣܝܣ, (Palmyrene) 𐡨𐡪𐡯𐡩𐡯 (ṭksys)

Classical Syriac: ܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ (ṭaḵsā), ܛܲܟ݂ܣܝܼܣ (ṭaḵsīs)

τᾰ́σσω (tássō, “I arrange”, “I order”, aorist passive participial stem: τᾰγ-, tag-) + -σῐς (-sis).

suffix

aorist passive participial stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τᾰγ-</i>, tag-

arrangement, disposition, manner, nature


σελήνη

grc-noun

σελήνη • (selḗnē) f (genitive σελήνης); first declension

selḗnē (romanization)
σελήνης (genitive)
ἡ σελήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ σελήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σελῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σελήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεληνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σελήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σελήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σελήναις (dative plural)
τὴν σελήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ σελήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σελήνᾱς (accusative plural)
σελήνη (singular vocative)
σελήνᾱ (dual vocative)
σελῆναι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *selasnā, whence also σέλας (sélas).

93/94, Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 1, 31, in Henry St. John Thackeray (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 4 (Jewish Antiquities, books I–IV), LCL, pages 14-17. Translation by Thackeray.
τῇ τετάρτῃ δὲ διακοσμεῖ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄστροις κινήσεις αὐτοῖς ἐπιστείλας καὶ δρόμους, οἷς ἂν αἱ τῶν ὡρῶν περιφοραὶ σημαίνοιντο.
têi tetártēi dè diakosmeî tòn ouranòn hēlíōi kaì selḗnēi kaì toîs állois ástrois kinḗseis autoîs episteílas kaì drómous, hoîs àn hai tôn hōrôn periphoraì sēmaínointo.

On the fourth he adorned the heaven with sun and moon and the other stars, prescribing their motions and courses to indicate the revolutions of the seasons.


φλέγμα

φλέγμᾰ • (phlégma) n (genitive φλέγμᾰτος); third declension

φλέγμᾰ (canonical)
phlégma (romanization)
φλέγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φλέγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ φλέγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φλέγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
φλέγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasi (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasin (dative plural)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
φλέγμᾰ (singular vocative)
φλέγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
φλέγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَلْغَم (balḡam)
Maltese: belgħun
→ Azerbaijani: bəlğəm
→ Indonesian: balgam
→ Middle Armenian: պալղամ (palġam), պլղամ (plġam)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بالغام (balgam)
Turkish: balgam
→ Gagauz: balgam
→ Swahili: balaghamu

→ English: phlegm

→ Latin: phlegma
Catalan: flegma
Galician: freima, flegma
Italian: flemma
French: flemme, flegme
Old French: fleume
→ Middle Dutch: fleume, fleuma
Dutch: fluim
Polish: flegma
Portuguese: flegma, fleuma, fleima
Romanian: flegmă
Spanish: flema

From φλέγω (phlégō, “to set on fire, inflame”) + -μα (-ma).


πήγανον

grc-noun

πήγᾰνον • (pḗganon) n (genitive πηγᾰ́νου); second declension

πήγᾰνον (canonical)
pḗganon (romanization)
πηγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ πήγᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ πηγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πήγᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πηγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ πηγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πηγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ πήγᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πηγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πήγᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
πήγᾰνον (singular vocative)
πηγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
πήγᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פיגנא (peygānā)

desctree

Classical Syriac: ܦܝܓܢܐ (peygānā), ܦܓܢܐ (feggān), ܦܝܓܘܢ (feygōn), ܦܐܓܢܘܢ (feggānōn), ܦܝܓܐܢܘܢ (feygānōn)
→ Old Armenian: փեգանայ (pʻeganay), փեգենայ (pʻegenay)

desc

→ Arabic: فَيْجَن (fayjan), فَيْجَل (fayjal)

→ Latin: pēganum

Translingual: Peganum

→ Persian: پیغن (payğan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیغن (peyğan)

Compare Old Georgian ტეგანი (ṭegani, “rue”).


λῃστής

grc-noun

λῃστής • (lēistḗs) m (genitive λῃστοῦ); first declension

lēistḗs (romanization)
λῃστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λῃστής (nominative singular)
τὼ λῃστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ λῃσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῃστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῃσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῃστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λῃστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῃσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῃσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λῃστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῃστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λῃστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
λῃστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
λῃστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
λῃσταί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ληστής (listís) (learned)

→ Arabic: لِصّ (liṣṣ)

→ Aramaic: לִסְטָא (lesṭā) / ܠܣܛܐ (lesṭā)

→ Hebrew: לסטים

From ληΐς (lēḯs), Epic form of λεία (leía, “plunder, spoils”).

(Κρέων) λῃστὰς ἔφασκε συντυχόντας οὐ μιᾷ ῥώμῃ κτανεῖν νιν, ἀλλὰ σὺν πλήθει χερῶν.
(Οἰδίπους) πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστής, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ ἐπράσσετ’ ἐνθένδ’, ἐς τόδ’ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη;
(Kréōn) lēistàs éphaske suntukhóntas ou miâi rhṓmēi ktaneîn nin, allà sùn plḗthei kherôn.
(Oidípous) pôs oûn ho lēistḗs, eí ti mḕ xùn argúrōi eprásset’ enthénd’, es tód’ àn tólmēs ébē?
Translation by Sir Richard Jebb. 1887. @perseus

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 122

(Creon) He said that robbers fell upon them, not one man alone, but with a great force.
(Oedipus) How then, unless some intrigue had been worked with bribes from here in Thebes, would the robbers have been so bold?

οὗτος σύ, πῶς δεῦρ’ ἦλθες; ἦ τοσόνδ’ ἔχεις / τόλμης πρόσωπον ὥστε τὰς ἐμὰς στέγας / ἵκου, φονεὺς ὢν τοῦδε τἀνδρὸς ἐμφανῶς / λῃστής τ’ ἐναργὴς τῆς ἐμῆς τυραννίδος;
hoûtos sú, pôs deûr’ êlthes? ê tosónd’ ékheis / tólmēs prósōpon hṓste tàs emàs stégas / híkou, phoneùs ṑn toûde tandròs emphanôs / lēistḗs t’ enargḕs tês emês turannídos?
Translation by Sir Richard Jebb. 1887. @perseus

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 535

You, how did you get here? Are you so / boldfaced that you have come to my house, / you who are manifestly the murderer of its master, / the palpable thief of its crown?


κάδος

κᾰ́δος • (kádos) m (genitive κᾰ́δου); second declension

κᾰ́δος (canonical)
kádos (romanization)
κᾰ́δου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́δοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́δον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰ́δους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́δε (singular vocative)
κᾰ́δω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́δοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κάδος (kádos)

→ Arabic: قادوس (qādūs) (see there for further descendants)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܩܕܣܐ (qadsā, qaddəsā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: cadus (see there for further descendants)

q

via <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κάδιον</i> (kádion, diminutive)

→? Proto-Slavic: *kadь (via κάδιον (kádion, diminutive)) (see there for further descendants)

A vinicultural loan of Semitic origin, compare Hebrew כַּד (kad), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎄 (kd), Imperial Aramaic 𐡊𐡃 (kd), Punic 𐤊𐤃 (kd). The Semitic word may ultimately trace to Dravidian; see Akkadian 𒃶𒁺 (kandu) for more.

pail, bucket, jar, cask, vessel for water or wine


μεταπλασμός

grc-noun

μετᾰπλᾰσμός • (metaplasmós) m (genitive μετᾰπλᾰσμοῦ); second declension

μετᾰπλᾰσμός (canonical)
metaplasmós (romanization)
μετᾰπλᾰσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μετᾰπλᾰσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ μετᾰπλᾰσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μετᾰπλᾰσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μετᾰπλᾰσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετᾰπλᾰσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετᾰπλᾰσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μετᾰπλᾰσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετᾰπλᾰσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μετᾰπλᾰσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μετᾰπλᾰσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μετᾰπλᾰσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μετᾰπλᾰσμούς (accusative plural)
μετᾰπλᾰσμέ (singular vocative)
μετᾰπλᾰσμώ (dual vocative)
μετᾰπλᾰσμοί (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: metaplasmus
Catalan: metaplasme
→ English: metaplasm
French: métaplasme
→ German: Metaplasmus
→ Occitan: metaplasme
Spanish: metaplasmo

From μεταπλάσσω (metaplássō, “I transform, remould”) + -μός (-mós), from μετά (metá) + πλάσσω (plássō, “I form, mould”).

af

Ἔχει δὲ καὶ ὁ σχηματισμὸς τῇδε. ὅν τρόπον καὶ ἐπ' ὀνομάτων μεταπλασμοὶ γίνονται, καθάπερ τὸ ἐρυσάρματες, τὸ λῖτα, τὸ παρὰ Σαμφοῖ αὔα […]
Ékhei dè kaì ho skhēmatismòs têide. hón trópon kaì ep' onomátōn metaplasmoì gínontai, katháper tò erusármates, tò lîta, tò parà Samphoî aúa […]

2nd century AD, Ἀπολλώνιος, Περὶ Ἐπιρρημάτων, 183.22

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

metaplasm (the formation of inflected forms from a non-existent lemma)


ῥῆμα

grc-noun

ῥῆμα • (rhêma) n (genitive ῥήματος); third declension

rhêma (romanization)
ῥήματος (genitive)
τὸ ῥῆμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῥήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs rhḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῥῆμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥῆμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῥήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: rheme

⇒ English: rhematic

⇒ English: rhetic

→ French: rhème

→ Greek: ρήμα (ríma, “verb”)

→ German: Rhema

desc

→ Latin: verbum (“verb”) (semantic loan)


θερμός

grc-noun

θερμός • (thermós) m (genitive θερμοῦ); second declension

thermós (romanization)
θερμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θερμός (nominative singular)
τὼ θερμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θερμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θερμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θερμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θερμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θερμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θερμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θερμούς (accusative plural)
θερμέ (singular vocative)
θερμώ (dual vocative)
θερμοί (plural vocative)

From Akkadian 𒋻𒄷 (TAR.MUŠ₈ /tarmuš/), from Sumerian 𒋻𒄷 (TAR.MUŠ₈ /tarmuš/). Cognate to Coptic ⲑⲁⲣⲙⲟⲩⲥ (tharmous), Aramaic תורמוסא / ܬܘܪܡܣܐ (tūrmūsā, “lupine”), Arabic تُرْمُس (turmus).
An alternative theory by Stromberg (favored by Beekes) considers the word a nominalization of Etymology 1, with regular accent shift.

cog

Aramaic תורמוסא


ἔμβολον

grc-noun

ἔμβολον • (émbolon) n (genitive ἐμβόλου); second declension

émbolon (romanization)
ἐμβόλου (genitive)
τὸ ἔμβολον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμβόλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔμβολᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμβόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμβόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμβόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμβόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμβόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμβόλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔμβολον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμβόλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔμβολᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔμβολον (singular vocative)
ἐμβόλω (dual vocative)
ἔμβολᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἐμβάλλω (embállō, “I put in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I put, place, throw”).

prow of warships (rammed into opposing ships)

(in the plural) The rostra, or tribune of the Latin forum

wedge-shaped order of battle (Latin cuneus, acies cuneata)


βήρυλλος

βήρυλλος • (bḗrullos) f (genitive βηρύλλου); second declension

bḗrullos (romanization)
βηρύλλου (genitive)
ὁ βήρυλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (dual nominative)
οἱ βήρυλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βηρύλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηρύλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ βηρύλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βηρύλλοις (dative plural)
τὸν βήρυλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βηρύλλους (accusative plural)
βήρυλλε (singular vocative)
βηρύλλω (dual vocative)
βήρυλλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βήρυλλος (víryllos)

→ Amharic: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: բիւրեղ (biwreł)
Armenian: բյուրեղ (byureł)

→ Old Georgian: ბჳრილიონი (bwirilioni)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ብርሌ (bərəlle), ቢረሌ (birälle), ብረሌ (bərälle)

→ Sebat Bet Gurage: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Latin: bēryllus, bērillus, berullus (see there for further descendants)

→ Tigre: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Tigrinya: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

Borrowed from Middle Indic forms like Pali veḷuriya or Prakrit 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀅 (verulia), from Dravidian, probably named after Velur (modern day Belur) in southern India.
The variants βηρύλλιον (bērúllion) and βηρύλλιος (bērúllios) reflect the source veruḷiya more faithfully than βήρυλλος (bḗrullos).


φήμη

grc-noun

φήμη • (phḗmē) f (genitive φήμης); first declension

phḗmē (romanization)
φήμης (genitive)
ἡ φήμη (nominative singular)
τὼ φήμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῆμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φήμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φήμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φημῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φήμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φήμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φήμαις (dative plural)
τὴν φήμην (accusative singular)
τὼ φήμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φήμᾱς (accusative plural)
φήμη (singular vocative)
φήμᾱ (dual vocative)
φῆμαι (plural vocative)

Greek: φήμη (fími)

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-meh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). By surface analysis, a full-grade deverbal of φημί (phēmí, “to say, explain, argue”).

εὐφημισμός

εὔφημος (eúphēmos)


ξεῖ

Greek: ξι (xi)

Shape comes from Phoenician 𐤎 (s). For name, compare φεῖ (pheî), χεῖ (kheî), ψεῖ (pseî).

xi, the name for the fourteenth letter Ξ, ξ of the Ancient Greek alphabet.


δράκος

grc-noun

δρᾰ́κος • (drákos) n (genitive δρᾰ́κεος); third declension

δρᾰ́κος (canonical)
drákos (romanization)
δρᾰ́κεος (genitive)
δρᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
δρᾰ́κει (dual nominative)
δρᾰ́κεε (dual nominative)
δρᾰ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
δρᾰ́κεος (genitive singular)
δρᾰ́κευς (genitive singular)
δρᾰκέοιν (dual genitive)
δρᾰκέων (genitive plural)
δρᾰ́κει (dative singular)
δρᾰ́κεῐ̈ (dative singular)
δρᾰκέοιν (dative dual)
δρᾰ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
δρᾰ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
drákesi (dative plural)
drákesin (dative plural)
δρᾰ́κος (accusative singular)
δρᾰ́κει (accusative dual)
δρᾰ́κεε (accusative dual)
δρᾰ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
δρᾰ́κος (singular vocative)
δρᾰ́κει (dual vocative)
δρᾰ́κεε (dual vocative)
δρᾰ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)

From the root of δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “I see”), possibly reflecting a thematicized Proto-Indo-European root noun *dérḱs ~ *dr̥ḱós; compare Proto-Celtic *derkos (“eye”). Ultimately from the root *derḱ- (“to see”).


δράκος

δρᾰ́κος • (drákos) n (genitive δρᾰ́κους); third declension

δρᾰ́κος (canonical)
drákos (romanization)
δρᾰ́κους (genitive)
τὸ δρᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δρᾰ́κη (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρᾰ́κους (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δρᾰ́κει (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρᾰ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
δρᾰ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs drákesi (dative plural)
toîs drákesin (dative plural)
τὸ δρᾰ́κος (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δρᾰ́κη (accusative plural)
δρᾰ́κος (singular vocative)
δρᾰ́κει (dual vocative)
δρᾰ́κη (plural vocative)

From δρᾰ́σσομαι (drássomai, “I grasp, seize”).


μέλος

μέλος • (mélos) n (genitive μέλους or μέλεος); third declension

mélos (romanization)
μέλους (genitive)
μέλεος (genitive)
τὸ μέλος (nominative singular)
τὼ μέλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν μελοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέλεσῐ (dative plural)
μέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mélesi (dative plural)
toîs mélesin (dative plural)
τὸ μέλος (accusative singular)
τὼ μέλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέλη (accusative plural)
μέλος (singular vocative)
μέλει (dual vocative)
μέλη (plural vocative)
μέλος (nominative singular)
μέλει (dual nominative)
μέλεε (dual nominative)
μέλεᾰ (nominative plural)
μέλεος (genitive singular)
μέλευς (genitive singular)
μελέοιν (dual genitive)
μελέων (genitive plural)
μέλει (dative singular)
μέλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
μελέοιν (dative dual)
μέλεσῐ (dative plural)
μέλεσῐν (dative plural)
mélesi (dative plural)
mélesin (dative plural)
μέλος (accusative singular)
μέλει (accusative dual)
μέλεε (accusative dual)
μέλεᾰ (accusative plural)
μέλος (singular vocative)
μέλει (dual vocative)
μέλεε (dual vocative)
μέλεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ μέλος (nominative singular)
τὼ μέλει (dual nominative)
μέλεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέλεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέλεος (genitive singular)
μέλευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελέων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέλει (dative singular)
μέλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν μέλεσῐ (dative plural)
μέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi mélesi (dative plural)
toîsi mélesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ μέλος (accusative singular)
τὼ μέλει (accusative dual)
μέλεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέλεᾰ (accusative plural)
μέλος (singular vocative)
μέλει (dual vocative)
μέλεε (dual vocative)
μέλεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέλος (mélos)

Likely from a Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“limb”); compare Breton mell (“joint”), Cornish mal (“id”), Welsh cymmal (“id”), which are from Proto-Celtic *melsā (“knuckle”). For a semantic parallel (albeit from a different root), note Irish alt (“joint; paragraph”). See also μέρος (méros, “part, share”), of similar meaning and superficial pronunciation but different origin.

μελῳδία

μελῳδός (melōidós)


πατέρος

head

πᾰτέρος • (patéros)

πᾰτέρος (canonical)
patéros (romanization)


φθίσις

grc-noun

φθῐ́σῐς • (phthísis) f (genitive φθῐ́σεως); third declension

φθῐ́σῐς (canonical)
phthísis (romanization)
φθῐ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ φθῐ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ φθῐ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ φθῐ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς φθῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν φθῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φθῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ φθῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν φθῐσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φθῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
φθῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs phthísesi (dative plural)
taîs phthísesin (dative plural)
τὴν φθῐ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ φθῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φθῐ́σεις (accusative plural)
φθῐ́σῐ (singular vocative)
φθῐ́σει (dual vocative)
φθῐ́σεις (plural vocative)

English: phthisis

Greek: φθίση (fthísi)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰtʰítis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰítis (“perishing, decrease”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्षिति (kṣíti, “perishing, downfall”) and Latin sitis (“thirst”). By surface analysis, φθίω (phthíō) + -σις (-sis).


ὄνειρον

grc-noun

ὄνειρον • (óneiron) n (genitive ὀνείρου); second declension

óneiron (romanization)
ὀνείρου (genitive)
τὸ ὄνειρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνείρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄνειρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνείρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνείροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνείροις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄνειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνείρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄνειρᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄνειρον (singular vocative)
ὀνείρω (dual vocative)
ὄνειρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όνειρο (óneiro)


βιβλία

head

βιβλία • (biblía)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of βιβλίον (biblíon)


βιβλίων

βιβλίων • (biblíōn)


βιβλίου

βιβλίου • (biblíou)


φθόνος

grc-noun

φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension

phthónos (romanization)
φθόνου (genitive)
ὁ φθόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ φθόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ φθόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φθόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φθόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φθόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ φθόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φθόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φθόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν φθόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φθόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φθόνους (accusative plural)
φθόνε (singular vocative)
φθόνω (dual vocative)
φθόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)

→ Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)

→ Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)

De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”). According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-.

refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging


νῆσος

νῆσος • (nêsos) f (genitive νήσου); second declension

nêsos (romanization)
νήσου (genitive)
ἡ νῆσος (nominative singular)
τὼ νήσω (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς νήσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νήσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νήσων (genitive plural)
τῇ νήσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νήσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νήσοις (dative plural)
τὴν νῆσον (accusative singular)
τὼ νήσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νήσους (accusative plural)
νῆσε (singular vocative)
νήσω (dual vocative)
νῆσοι (plural vocative)
ἡ νῆσος (nominative singular)
τὼ νήσω (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς νήσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νήσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νήσων (genitive plural)
τῇ νήσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νήσοιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν νήσοισῐ (dative plural)
νήσοισῐν (dative plural)
νήσοις (dative plural)
têisi nḗsoisi (dative plural)
têisi nḗsoisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
nḗsois (dative plural)
τὴν νῆσον (accusative singular)
τὼ νήσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νήσους (accusative plural)
νῆσε (singular vocative)
νήσω (dual vocative)
νῆσοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ (nēsos)

desc

→ English: Austronesia, Indonesia, Macaronesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia

Greek: νήσος (nísos), νησί (nisí)

→ Latin: nēsus

Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected with νήχω (nḗkhō, “I swim”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow, to swim”). If its meaning “island” has developed from a more original meaning “headland, cape”, it may be, like Proto-Germanic *nasją (“foothill; headland, cape”) and Bulgarian нос (nos, “nose; cape, promontory”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s (“nose”); in more landsman environments, compare the developments of Minaean 𐩱𐩬𐩰 (ʾnf, “wall of a city”) from “nose” and Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”) apparently from “bridge”.
However, in that case, the origin of -s-, which is not usually preserved in Greek, remains to be explained, possibly requiring a borrowing from another Indo-European language (though Furnée suspects a Pre-Greek origin, and Beekes Aegean).


ὀκτώπους

grc-noun

ὀκτώπους • (oktṓpous) m (genitive ὀκτώποδος); third declension

oktṓpous (romanization)
ὀκτώποδος (genitive)
ὁ ὀκτώπους (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀκτώποδε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀκτώποδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀκτώποδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀκτωπόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀκτωπόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀκτώποδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀκτωπόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀκτώποσῐ (dative plural)
ὀκτώποσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oktṓposi (dative plural)
toîs oktṓposin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀκτώποδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀκτώποδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀκτώποδᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀκτώπους (singular vocative)
ὀκτώποδε (dual vocative)
ὀκτώποδες (plural vocative)

desc

Arabic: أُخْطُبُوط (ʔuḵṭubūṭ)

Arabic: أُخْطُبُوط (ʔuḵṭubūṭ)

Bulgarian: октопод (oktopod)

Czech: oktopoda

Dutch: octopus

English: octopus

→ Irish: ochtapas

Byzantine Greek: ὀκταπόδιν (oktapódin)

Modern Greek: χταπόδι (chtapódi)

→ Turkish: ahtapot

→ Northern Kurdish: ahtepot

→ Zazaki: axtapot

Latin: octopus (plural octopodes)

Persian: اختاپوس (oxtâpus)

Serbo-Croatian: октопод (oktopod)

Spanish: octopoda

Bahuvrīhi compound of ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).


αἰθήρ

grc-noun

αἰθήρ • (aithḗr) m (genitive αἰθέρος); third declension

aithḗr (romanization)
αἰθέρος (genitive)
ὁ αἰθήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰθέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰθέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰθέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰθέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰθέρσῐ (dative plural)
αἰθέρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aithérsi (dative plural)
toîs aithérsin (dative plural)
τὸν αἰθέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰθέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰθέρᾰς (accusative plural)
αἰθήρ (singular vocative)
αἰθέρε (dual vocative)
αἰθέρες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: αιθήρ (aithír); αιθέρας (aithéras)

→ Arabic: أَثِير (ʔaṯīr, “air”)

→ Bulgarian: етер (eter)

→ Hebrew: אתר (eter)

→ Latin: aethēr (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: եթեր (etʻer)
→ Armenian: եթեր (etʻer) (learned)

→ Persian: اثیر (asir)

→ Polish: eter

→ Russian: эфи́р (efír)

→ Bulgarian: ефир (efir)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: етар

Latin script: etar

→ Ukrainian: ефі́р (efír), ете́р (etér)

theoretical medium of great elasticity and extreme thinness of consistency supposed to fill all unoccupied space and transmit light and heat

The upper or purer air as opposed to erebus (Ἔρεβος (Érebos)), the lower or dirtier air; the clear sky.


φορά

grc-noun

φορά • (phorá) f (genitive φορᾶς); first declension

phorá (romanization)
φορᾶς (genitive)
ἡ φορᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ φορᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φοραί (nominative plural)
τῆς φορᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φοραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φορᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φοραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φοραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φορᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ φορᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φορᾱ́ (singular vocative)
φορᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φοραί (plural vocative)

Greek: φορά (forá)

From φέρω (phérō, “to bring, bear, carry”) + -η (-ē).

affix

(from the active voice)
carrying
gestation

(from the active voice)
bringing in of money, payment

(from the active voice)
bringing forth, productiveness

(from the passive voice)
being borne or carried along, motion

(from the passive voice)
rapid motion, rush

(of persons) impulse; tendency; line of thought or action

(as a thing) that which is borne
load, freight, burden

(as a thing) that which is borne
rent, tribute

that which is brought forth, fruit, produce, crop


σπόνδυλος

grc-noun

σπόνδῠλος • (spóndulos) m (genitive σπονδῠ́λου); second declension

σπόνδῠλος (canonical)
spóndulos (romanization)
σπονδῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σπόνδῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπονδῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόνδῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπονδῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπονδῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπονδῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπονδῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπονδῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπονδῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόνδῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπονδῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπονδῠ́λους (accusative plural)
σπόνδῠλε (singular vocative)
σπονδῠ́λω (dual vocative)
σπόνδῠλοι (plural vocative)

Ionic and Attic form of σφόνδυλος (sphóndulos)


ἀγορά

ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ • (agorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓γορᾶς); first declension

ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (canonical)
agorā́ (romanization)
ᾰ̓γορᾶς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓γοραί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓γορᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γοραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓γορᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γοραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓γοραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γοραί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁ (agora)

→ English: agora

→ Spanish: ágora

→ French: agora

> Greek: αγορά (agorá) (inherited)

→ Italian: agorà

→ Interlingua: agorà

From Proto-Hellenic *agorā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂goréh₂, from *h₂ger- (“to gather”); equivalent to ᾰ̓γείρω (ageírō, “to gather”) + -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix).
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀨 (a-ko-ra).

affix

assembly, especially an assembly of the people (as opposed to a council, βουλή (boulḗ))

things sold at market, provisions, supplies


σφόνδυλος

grc-noun

σφόνδῠλος • (sphóndulos) m (genitive σφονδῠ́λου); second declension

σφόνδῠλος (canonical)
sphóndulos (romanization)
σφονδῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σφόνδῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφονδῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφόνδῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφονδῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφονδῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφονδῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφονδῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφόνδῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφονδῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφονδῠ́λους (accusative plural)
σφόνδῠλε (singular vocative)
σφονδῠ́λω (dual vocative)
σφόνδῠλοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and κόνδυλος (kóndulos), probably first from a noun *σφόνδος (*sphóndos). Sometimes connected with words like σφενδόνη (sphendónē), σφεδανός (sphedanós) and σφαδάζω (sphadázō), but this is mere speculation. The variation σφ/σπ points to a Pre-Greek origin.

vertebra (especially the cervical vertebrae)


βουλή

βουλή • (boulḗ) f (genitive βουλῆς); first declension

boulḗ (romanization)
βουλῆς (genitive)
ἡ βουλή (nominative singular)
τὼ βουλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βουλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς βουλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βουλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βουλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βουλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βουλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βουλή (singular vocative)
βουλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βουλαί (plural vocative)
βουλή (nominative singular)
βουλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
βουλαί (nominative plural)
βουλῆς (genitive singular)
βουλαῖν (dual genitive)
βουλαῖῐν (dual genitive)
βουλῇῐν (dual genitive)
boulaîn (dual genitive)
boulaîin (dual genitive)
boulêiin (dual genitive)
βουλᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
βουλέ͜ων (genitive plural)
βουλῶν (genitive plural)
βουλῇ (dative singular)
βουλαῖν (dative dual)
βουλαῖῐν (dative dual)
βουλῇῐν (dative dual)
boulaîn (dative dual)
boulaîin (dative dual)
boulêiin (dative dual)
βουλῇσῐ (dative plural)
βουλῇσῐν (dative plural)
βουλῇς (dative plural)
βουλαῖς (dative plural)
boulêisi (dative plural)
boulêisin (dative plural)
boulêis (dative plural)
boulaîs (dative plural)
βουλήν (accusative singular)
βουλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
βουλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βουλή (singular vocative)
βουλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βουλαί (plural vocative)
ἡ βουλή (nominative singular)
τὼ βουλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βουλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς βουλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουλέων (genitive plural)
βουλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βουλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουλαῖν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν βουλῇσῐ (dative plural)
βουλῇσῐν (dative plural)
têisi boulêisi (dative plural)
têisi boulêisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν βουλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βουλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βουλή (singular vocative)
βουλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βουλαί (plural vocative)

From βούλομαι (boúlomai, “I wish, will”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).


πρᾶξις

grc-noun

πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension

πρᾶξῐς (canonical)
prâxis (romanization)
πρᾱ́ξεως (genitive)
ἡ πρᾶξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾱ́ξει (dual nominative)
αἱ πρᾱ́ξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πρᾱ́ξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾱξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾱ́ξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πρᾱ́ξει (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾱξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρᾱ́ξεσῐ (dative plural)
πρᾱ́ξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs prā́xesi (dative plural)
taîs prā́xesin (dative plural)
τὴν πρᾶξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾱ́ξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρᾱ́ξεις (accusative plural)
πρᾶξῐ (singular vocative)
πρᾱ́ξει (dual vocative)
πρᾱ́ξεις (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ πρᾶξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾱ́ξῐε (dual nominative)
ταὶ πρᾱ́ξῐες (nominative plural)
τᾶς πρᾱ́ξῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾱξῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν πρᾱξῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τᾷ πρᾱ́ξῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾱξῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρᾱξῐ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
πρᾱξῐ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
taîs prāxíessi (dative plural)
taîs prāxíessin (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν πρᾶξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾱ́ξῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρᾱ́ξῑς (accusative plural)
πρᾱ́ξῐᾰς (accusative plural)
πρᾶξῐ (singular vocative)
πρᾱ́ξῐε (dual vocative)
πρᾱ́ξῐες (plural vocative)

Greek: πράξη (práxi)

Mariupol Greek: пра́кси (práksi)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ (praksis)

→ Czech: praxe

→ English: praxis

→ German: Praxis

→ Latin: prāxis
Italian: prassi

→ Macedonian: пракса (praksa)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: պրակ (prak)
Armenian: պրակ (prak)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: пракса (praksa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пракса

Latin script: praksa

→ Portuguese: práxis

→ Spanish: praxis

→ Swedish: praxis

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܪܟܣܝܣ

→ Ukrainian: праця (pracja)

→ Belarusian: праца (praca)

From πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō, “I do, practice”) + -σῐς (-sis).


τραπέζια

grc-noun form

τρᾰπέζῐᾰ • (trapézia)

τρᾰπέζῐᾰ (canonical)
trapézia (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of τραπέζιον (trapézion)


στρουθοκάμηλος

grc-noun

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος

στρουθοκᾰμήλου

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος • (strouthokámēlos) m or f (genitive στρουθοκᾰμήλου); second declension

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος (canonical)
strouthokámēlos (romanization)
στρουθοκᾰμήλου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος (nominative singular)
τὼ στρουθοκᾰμήλω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ στρουθοκᾰ́μηλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς στρουθοκᾰμήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρουθοκᾰμήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρουθοκᾰμήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ στρουθοκᾰμήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρουθοκᾰμήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς στρουθοκᾰμήλοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν στρουθοκᾰ́μηλον (accusative singular)
τὼ στρουθοκᾰμήλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς στρουθοκᾰμήλους (accusative plural)
στρουθοκᾰ́μηλε (singular vocative)
στρουθοκᾰμήλω (dual vocative)
στρουθοκᾰ́μηλοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος

desc

στρουθοκάμηλος

Greek: στρουθοκάμηλος (strouthokámilos)

desctree

→ Latin: strūthiocamēlus
Translingual: Struthio camelus

→ Old Georgian: სირაქლემი (siraklemi) (calque)
⇒ Georgian: სირაქლემა (siraklema)

desc

страѳокамиль

→ Old Church Slavonic: страѳокамиль (straθokamilĭ)

From στρουθός (strouthós, “sparrow”) + κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”), from its camel-like neck.

compound

Struthio camelus
Struthio camelus#Translingual


νάρκη

grc-noun

νάρκη • (nárkē) f (genitive νάρκης); first declension

nárkē (romanization)
νάρκης (genitive)
ἡ νάρκη (nominative singular)
τὼ νάρκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νάρκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νάρκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νάρκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναρκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νάρκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νάρκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νάρκαις (dative plural)
τὴν νάρκην (accusative singular)
τὼ νάρκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νάρκᾱς (accusative plural)
νάρκη (singular vocative)
νάρκᾱ (dual vocative)
νάρκαι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Armenian: նարկա (narka), ներկէս (nerkēs)

→ Old Georgian: ნარკი (narḳi, “stingray, electric ray”)

May be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nerk-, from *(s)ner- (“to turn, twist”).


κατηγόρημα

grc-noun

κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος

κᾰτηγόρημᾰ • (katēgórēma) n (genitive κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος); third declension

κᾰτηγόρημᾰ (canonical)
katēgórēma (romanization)
κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κᾰτηγόρημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτηγορημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτηγορημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτηγορημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰτηγορήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰτηγορήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs katēgorḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs katēgorḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰτηγόρημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰτηγορήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰτηγόρημᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰτηγορήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κᾰτηγορήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος

→ French: catégorème

Greek: κατηγόρημα (katigórima)


κασσίτερος

grc-noun

κασσίτερος • (kassíteros) m (genitive κασσῐτέρου); second declension

kassíteros (romanization)
κασσῐτέρου (genitive)
ὁ κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
τὸν κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)
κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
κασσιτεροῖο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιο (genitive singular)
κασσιτερόο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dual genitive)
κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dative dual)
κασσιτέροισῐ (dative plural)
κασσιτέροισῐν (dative plural)
κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
kassitéroisi (dative plural)
kassitéroisin (dative plural)
kassitérois (dative plural)
κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κασσίτερος (kassíteros)

desc

→ Aramaic: קְסְטִירָא (qəsṭīrā), קַסִּיטְרָא (qassīṭrā)

→ Arabic: قَصْدِير (qaṣdīr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kòsitar

→ Slovene: kosítər

An Elamite origin has been suggested but, according to Beekes, the group "σσ/ττ" is typically Pre-Greek, so the word would have come from Greece or Western Anatolia, like μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”), but even if so, the word might still go back to Mesopotamia, representing the name of the Kassites, who settled near Elam and major sources of tin. Compare also the etymology of Arabic مَرْقَشِيتَا (marqašītā, “marcasite”). Related to Sanskrit कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

cog

مَرْقَشِيتَا


κόνις

grc-noun

κόνῐς • (kónis) f (genitive κόνεως or κόνῐος or κόνεος); third declension

κόνῐς (canonical)
kónis (romanization)
κόνεως (genitive)
κόνῐος (genitive)
κόνεος (genitive)
ἡ κόνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κόνῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ κόνῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς κόνῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κονῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ κόνῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν κονῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόνῐσῐ (dative plural)
κόνῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kónisi (dative plural)
taîs kónisin (dative plural)
τὴν κόνῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κόνῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόνῑς (accusative plural)
κόνῐᾰς (accusative plural)
κόνῐ (singular vocative)
κόνῐε (dual vocative)
κόνῐες (plural vocative)
ἡ κόνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κόνει (dual nominative)
αἱ κόνεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κόνεως (genitive singular)
κόνεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόνεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κόνει (dative singular)
τοῖν κονέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόνεσῐ (dative plural)
κόνεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kónesi (dative plural)
taîs kónesin (dative plural)
τὴν κόνῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κόνει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόνεις (accusative plural)
κόνῐ (singular vocative)
κόνει (dual vocative)
κόνεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κόνεως/κόνεος

Greek: σκόνη (skóni, “powder, dust”)

From Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“dust, ashes”). Cognate with Latin cinis and Sanskrit कण (káṇa).


χρῆσις

grc-noun

χρῆσῐς • (khrêsis) f (genitive χρήσεως); third declension

χρῆσῐς (canonical)
khrêsis (romanization)
χρήσεως (genitive)
ἡ χρῆσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ χρήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς χρήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ χρήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν χρησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρήσεσῐ (dative plural)
χρήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khrḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs khrḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν χρῆσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρήσεις (accusative plural)
χρῆσῐ (singular vocative)
χρήσει (dual vocative)
χρήσεις (plural vocative)

⇒ Greek: χρήση (chrísi)

From χρᾰ́ω (khráō, “I use, lend, declare”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

intimacy, relationship, sexual intercourse


τύχη

grc-noun

τῠ́χη • (túkhē) f (genitive τῠ́χης); first declension

τῠ́χη (canonical)
túkhē (romanization)
τῠ́χης (genitive)
ἡ τῠ́χη (nominative singular)
τὼ τῠ́χᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τῠ́χαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τῠ́χης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῠ́χαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῠχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τῠ́χῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῠ́χαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τῠ́χαις (dative plural)
τὴν τῠ́χην (accusative singular)
τὼ τῠ́χᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τῠ́χᾱς (accusative plural)
τῠ́χη (singular vocative)
τῠ́χᾱ (dual vocative)
τῠ́χαι (plural vocative)

Greek: τύχη (týchi)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰúkʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to produce, yield”). Equivalent to τυγχάνω (tunkhánō, “to happen”) + -η (-ē, action noun suffix).

affix

(regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control)

(regarded as a result)
good fortune, success

(regarded as a result)
ill fortune, misfortune

(in a neutral sense, in plural) fortunes


πέδον

grc-noun

πέδον • (pédon) n (genitive πέδου); second declension

pédon (romanization)
πέδου (genitive)
τὸ πέδον (nominative singular)
τὼ πέδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πέδων (genitive plural)
τῷ πέδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέδοις (dative plural)
τὸ πέδον (accusative singular)
τὼ πέδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέδᾰ (accusative plural)
πέδον (singular vocative)
πέδω (dual vocative)
πέδᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, from *ped- (the source of πούς (poús, “foot”)). Cognates include Sanskrit पद (padá, “step, footstep, footprint”), Old Norse fet (“step”), Old Armenian հետ (het, “footprint, track”), and Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pēdan).


στοιχεῖον

grc-noun

στοιχεῖον • (stoikheîon) n (genitive στοιχείου); second declension

stoikheîon (romanization)
στοιχείου (genitive)
τὸ στοιχεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ στοιχείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στοιχεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στοιχείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στοιχείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στοιχείων (genitive plural)
τῷ στοιχείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στοιχείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στοιχείοις (dative plural)
τὸ στοιχεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ στοιχείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στοιχεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
στοιχεῖον (singular vocative)
στοιχείω (dual vocative)
στοιχεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: στοιχειό (stoicheió)

→ Greek: στοιχείο (stoicheío)

→? Albanian: stihji

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܟܣܐ (ˀesṭuksā)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܣܛܘܼܟ݂ܣܵܐ (isṭuḵsā) (learned)

→ Latin: stoechīon

→ Old Georgian: სტჳქისი (sṭwikisi)

→ Old Church Slavonic: стѵхии m (stüxii), стѵхиꙗ f (stüxija), стѵхиѥ n (stüxije)

→ Old East Slavic: стихия (stixija)

→ Belarusian: стыхі́я (styxíja)

→ Russian: стихи́я (stixíja)

→ Ukrainian: стихі́я (styxíja)

→ Romanian: stihie

ἀρχή

physics: component part of matter, element

in Thales and Anaximenes, but not in Aristotle

391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 652

4th century BC, Eubulus, Incert. 1

362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, ap. Phot.

(in the sun-dial) the shadow of the gnomon, which advances regularly hour after hour

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 424d

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 426d

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 202e

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poët. 20.2

(generally) one of a series, a component part, an element:

a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma)

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 201e

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 278c

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 48b

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 1.8.3

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 2.3.2

3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 3.24

Bentl., Phal. 523

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 1.1.1

Thales, ap. Plut. 2.875d

Anaxim., ap. Diog. L. 2.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 1.5.6

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 12.10.5

(physics, usually in the plural) any one of the component parts of matter, an element

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.1.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.17.2

Orph., H. 4.4

Babr. 71.4

(Aristotelianism) the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή, arkhḗ)

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 12.3

(in the plural) the elements of knowledge and the sciences

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poët. 20.1

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, de Comp. 2

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3.3

(logic) the major premisses of syllogisms

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.6.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.22.13

Xea., Mem. 2.1.1

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 18a

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 5.9.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1.9.12

Nicol., Incert. 1.30

(generally) a simple or elementary principle

Eccl.

Vales. ad Eus., H.E. 3.31

Manetho 4.624

3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 6.102

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 3.3.1


χολή

grc-noun

χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension

kholḗ (romanization)
χολῆς (genitive)
ἡ χολή (nominative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ χολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς χολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν χολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χολή (singular vocative)
χολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χολαί (plural vocative)

Greek: χολή (cholí)

→ Old French: colle

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”), Persian زر (zar, “gold”).


πηγή

πηγή • (pēgḗ) f (genitive πηγῆς); first declension

pēgḗ (romanization)
πηγῆς (genitive)
ἡ πηγή (nominative singular)
τὼ πηγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πηγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς πηγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πηγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πηγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πηγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πηγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πηγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πηγή (singular vocative)
πηγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πηγαί (plural vocative)

Greek: πηγή (pigí)

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Perhaps related to πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi), then derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-.


δραχμή

δρᾰχμή • (drakhmḗ) f (genitive δρᾰχμῆς); first declension

δρᾰχμή (canonical)
drakhmḗ (romanization)
δρᾰχμῆς (genitive)
ἡ δρᾰχμή (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰχμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ δρᾰχμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς δρᾰχμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰχμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰχμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δρᾰχμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰχμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρᾰχμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν δρᾰχμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰχμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρᾰχμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δρᾰχμή (singular vocative)
δρᾰχμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δρᾰχμαί (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ δραχμᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ δραχμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
ταὶ δραχμαί (nominative plural)
τᾶς δραχμᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δραχμαῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν δραχμᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ δραχμᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν δραχμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δραχμαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν δραχμᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ δραχμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δραχμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δραχμᾱ́ (singular vocative)
δραχμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δραχμαί (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: δραχμή (drachmí)
→ Turkish: drahmi

desc

→ Bactrian: δραχμο (draxmo), δδραχμο (ddraxmo)

→ Khotanese: [script needed] (draṃmaa-)

→ Latin: drachma (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Persian: 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (ZWZN /drahm/), 𐫅𐫡𐫍𐫖 (drhm /drahm/) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: դրաքմայ (drakʻmay), դրաքմէ (drakʻmē), դրագմէ (dragmē)

→ Sanskrit: द्रम्म (drámma) (see there for further descendants)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (δrγmh /δraxm(a)/)

Typically derived as a verbal noun (“holding”) of δράσσομαι (drássomai, “to hold, to seize”). Beekes, however, argues that the existence of the variants δαρχμά (darkhmá) and δαρχνά (darkhná) means δραχ- (drakh-) and δαρχ- (darkh-) do not continue the zero-grade of Proto-Hellenic *dr̥kʰ- and instead derive from an otherwise unknown Pre-Greek substrate term.


ναύτης

grc-noun

ναύτης • (naútēs) m (genitive ναύτου); first declension

naútēs (romanization)
ναύτου (genitive)
ὁ ναύτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ναύτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ναῦται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ναύτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ναύταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναυτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ναύτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ναύταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ναύταις (dative plural)
τὸν ναύτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ναύτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ναύτᾱς (accusative plural)
ναῦτᾰ (singular vocative)
ναύτᾱ (dual vocative)
ναῦται (plural vocative)
ναύτης (nominative singular)
ναύτᾱ (dual nominative)
ναῦται (nominative plural)
ναύτᾱο (genitive singular)
ναύτε͜ω (genitive singular)
ναύτω (genitive singular)
ναύταιν (dual genitive)
ναύταιῐν (dual genitive)
ναύτῃῐν (dual genitive)
naútain (dual genitive)
naútaiin (dual genitive)
naútēiin (dual genitive)
ναυτᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
ναυτέ͜ων (genitive plural)
ναυτῶν (genitive plural)
ναύτῃ (dative singular)
ναύταιν (dative dual)
ναύταιῐν (dative dual)
ναύτῃῐν (dative dual)
naútain (dative dual)
naútaiin (dative dual)
naútēiin (dative dual)
ναύτῃσῐ (dative plural)
ναύτῃσῐν (dative plural)
ναύτῃς (dative plural)
ναύταις (dative plural)
naútēisi (dative plural)
naútēisin (dative plural)
naútēis (dative plural)
naútais (dative plural)
ναύτην (accusative singular)
ναύτᾱ (accusative dual)
ναύτᾱς (accusative plural)
ναῦτᾰ (singular vocative)
ναύτᾱ (dual vocative)
ναῦται (plural vocative)

Greek: ναύτης (náftis)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَوْتِيّ (nawtiyy)
→ Ge'ez: ኖትያዊ (notəyawi)

→ Aramaic:

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܢܐܘܛܐ, ܢܘܛܐ

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: נווטא

desc

Classical Syriac: ܢܰܘܛܳܐ (nawṭā), ܢܐܘܛܗ (nawṭī), ܢܐܘܛܘܣ (nawṭāwəs)

→ Latin: nauta

From ναῦς (naûs, “ship”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).


ζῶον

grc-noun

ζῶον • (zôon) n (genitive ζώου); second declension

zôon (romanization)
ζώου (genitive)
τὸ ζῶον (nominative singular)
τὼ ζώω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῶᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζώου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζώοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζώων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζώῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζώοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζώοις (dative plural)
τὸ ζῶον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζώω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῶᾰ (accusative plural)
ζῶον (singular vocative)
ζώω (dual vocative)
ζῶᾰ (plural vocative)


ἰχώρ

ῑ̓χώρ • (īkhṓr) m (genitive ῑ̓χῶρος); third declension

ῑ̓χώρ (canonical)
īkhṓr (romanization)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsi (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓χῶρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)
ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dual genitive)
ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐν (dative plural)
īkhôrsi (dative plural)
īkhôrsin (dative plural)
īkhṓressi (dative plural)
īkhṓressin (dative plural)
īkhṓresi (dative plural)
īkhṓresin (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶ (accusative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)

ichor, the fluid which runs through the veins of gods

naphtha (probably as the supposed putrefaction of giants)


νυχθήμερον

νῠχθήμερον • (nukhthḗmeron) n (genitive νῠχθημέρου); second declension

νῠχθήμερον (canonical)
nukhthḗmeron (romanization)
νῠχθημέρου (genitive)
τὸ νῠχθήμερον (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠχθημέρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νῠχθήμερᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νῠχθημέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠχθημέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠχθημέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ νῠχθημέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠχθημέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νῠχθημέροις (dative plural)
τὸ νῠχθήμερον (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠχθημέρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νῠχθήμερᾰ (accusative plural)
νῠχθήμερον (singular vocative)
νῠχθημέρω (dual vocative)
νῠχθήμερᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Greek: νυχθημερόν (nychthimerón, “for a day and a night”, adverb)

From νύξ (núx, “night”) + ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”).

τρὶς ἐραβδίσθην, ἅπαξ ἐλιθάσθην, τρὶς ἐναυάγησα, νυχθήμερον ἐν τῷ βυθῷ πεποίηκα·

55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 11:25

I was thrice beaten with a rod, once stoned, thrice shipwrecked, and spent a day and night in the sea.

trìs erabdísthēn, hápax elithásthēn, trìs enauágēsa, nukhthḗmeron en tôi buthôi pepoíēka;


νίτρον

grc-noun

νῐ́τρον • (nítron) n (genitive νῐ́τρου); second declension

νῐ́τρον (canonical)
nítron (romanization)
νῐ́τρου (genitive)
τὸ νῐ́τρον (nominative singular)
τὼ νῐ́τρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νῐ́τρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νῐ́τρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῐ́τροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῐ́τρων (genitive plural)
τῷ νῐ́τρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῐ́τροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νῐ́τροις (dative plural)
τὸ νῐ́τρον (accusative singular)
τὼ νῐ́τρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νῐ́τρᾰ (accusative plural)
νῐ́τρον (singular vocative)
νῐ́τρω (dual vocative)
νῐ́τρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: نَطْرُون (naṭrūn)

→ Spanish: natrón

→ French: natron

→ English: natron

→ Latin: nitrum

→ English: nitrum

→ Old French: nitre

→ French: nitre

→ French: nitrogène

→ Middle English: niter

English: niter

Borrowed from Semitic. Compare Hebrew נֶתֶר (néṯer, “washing soda”), all ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9

sodium carbonate or sodium nitrate (or perhaps mineral potassium nitrate), which were not distinguished in Europe until the 13th century


σχῆμα

σχῆμᾰ • (skhêma) n (genitive σχήμᾰτος); third declension

σχῆμᾰ (canonical)
skhêma (romanization)
σχήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σχῆμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σχήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σχήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σχήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σχήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σχήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σχήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skhḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs skhḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σχῆμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σχήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σχήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σχῆμᾰ (singular vocative)
σχήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σχήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: sqimë

desc

→ Aramaic: אסכימא, אסכמא

→ Aramaic: אסכימא, אסכמא

→ English: schema

→ Greek: σχήμα (schíma)

desctree

→ Latin: schēma
→ Catalan: esquema
→ French: schéma m
→ Romanian: schemă f
→ Turkish: şema
→ Italian: schema m
→ Portuguese: esquema
→ Spanish: esquema
→ Dutch: schema
→ Indonesian: skema
→ English: schema
→ English: scheme
→ Irish: scéim
→ Malay: skim
→ German: Schema
→ Swedish: schema
→ Old Irish: scíam
Irish: scéimh
Scottish Gaelic: sgiamh

desc

→ Parthian: [script needed] (ʾskym /iskēm/) (Manichaean)

→ Russian: схе́ма f (sxéma)

From Proto-Hellenic *skʰḗmə, from Proto-Indo-European *sǵʰ-éh₁-mn̥, formed from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”), synchronically corresponding to ἔχω (ékhō, “I have”) + -μα (-ma).


εὐχαριστία

grc-noun

εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱς

εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ • (eukharistíā) f (genitive εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱς); first declension

εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
eukharistíā (romanization)
εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐχᾰρῐστῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍇𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌰 (aiwxaristia)

Greek: ευχαριστία (efcharistía)

desctree

Latin: eucharistia
Dutch: eucharistie
English: Eucharist
French: eucharistie
German: Eucharistie
Hebrew: אויכריסטיה (oikharístia)
Irish: Eocairist
Polish: eucharystia
Piedmontese: eucaristìa
Portuguese: eucaristia
Romanian: euharistie
Spanish: eucaristía

From εὐχᾰ́ρῐστος (eukháristos, “thankful, grateful”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + χᾰ́ρῐς (kháris, “grace”) + -τος (-tos).


ἀγωνιστής

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γωνῐστής • (agōnistḗs) m (genitive ᾰ̓γωνῐστοῦ); first declension

ᾰ̓γωνῐστής (canonical)
agōnistḗs (romanization)
ᾰ̓γωνῐστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓γωνῐστής (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γωνῐστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓γωνῐσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γωνῐστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γωνῐσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γωνῐστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γωνῐστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γωνῐσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γωνῐσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓γωνῐστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γωνῐστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓γωνῐστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γωνῐστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γωνῐστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γωνῐσταί (plural vocative)

→ English: agonistes, agonist

Greek: αγωνιστής (agonistís)

Old Armenian: ագոնիստայք (agonistaykʻ)

From ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “I contend for a prize”), from ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”), + -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix).


ψωλή

grc-noun

ψωλή • (psōlḗ) f (genitive ψωλῆς); first declension

psōlḗ (romanization)
ψωλῆς (genitive)
ἡ ψωλή (nominative singular)
τὼ ψωλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψωλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ψωλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψωλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψωλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψωλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψωλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψωλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ψωλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψωλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψωλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ψωλή (singular vocative)
ψωλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ψωλαί (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, related to the same root as ψάω (psáō, “to rub, wipe”), ψωμός (psōmós, “morsel, bit”), ψωλός (psōlós, “with the foreskin drawn back; circumcised”), ψώρα (psṓra, “mange”) and ψωχός (psōkhós, “sandy”). According to Beekes, inherited explanations must be given up; the group of words is probably Pre-Greek, especially given the coexistence of ψαίω (psaíō), ψαύω (psaúō) and ψίω (psíō); perhaps loaned from another Indo-European language and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”).

der

penis with the foreskin drawn back (cf. Latin verpa)


δυσθυμία

grc-noun

δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (dusthūmíā) f (genitive δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
dusthūmíā (romanization)
δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῠσθῡμῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῠσθῡμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῠσθῡμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῠσθῡμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δῠσθῡμῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: dysthymia

Greek: δυσθυμία (dysthymía)

From δῠ́σθῡμος (dústhūmos, “despondent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).

af

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 12

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 584

423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 696

431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 691

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 30.1.26


δίπλωμα

grc-noun

δῐ́πλωμᾰ • (díplōma) n (genitive δῐπλώμᾰτος); third declension

δῐ́πλωμᾰ (canonical)
díplōma (romanization)
δῐπλώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δῐ́πλωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐπλώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δῐπλώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐπλώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐπλωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐπλωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐπλώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐπλωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐπλώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δῐπλώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs diplṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs diplṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ δῐ́πλωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐπλώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δῐπλώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δῐ́πλωμᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐπλώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
δῐπλώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From δῐπλόω (diplóō, “I double”) + -μᾰ (-ma, result noun suffix).

af

something double
the parallel streams of the Milky Way

letter of recommendation
letter of recommendation

letter of recommendation, passport, order enabling a traveller to use the public post, receipt of payment of fees or taxes


ἀνδράποδον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον

ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον • (andrápodon) n (genitive ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδου); second declension

ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον (canonical)
andrápodon (romanization)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδοις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰπόδω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́ποδον

Uncertain. Perhaps from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) + πούς (poús, “foot”). Could also be from ἀνήρ (anḗr) + ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi, “I pay”).

af

slave, especially one made in war, captive


ἀνδραποδιστής

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστής

ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστοῦ

ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστής • (andrapodistḗs) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστοῦ); first declension

ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστής (canonical)
andrapodistḗs (romanization)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστής (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐσταί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓νδρᾰποδῐστής

From ἀνδραποδίζω (andrapodízō, “I enslave, sell slaves”), from ἀνδράποδον (andrápodon, “slave”), + -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix).

slave dealer, one who enslaves men and sells them as slaves, kidnapper


δοκιμασία

grc-noun

δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (dokimasíā) f (genitive δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
dokimasíā (romanization)
δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δοκῐμᾰσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοκῐμᾰσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοκῐμᾰσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοκῐμᾰσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δοκῐμᾰσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δοκῐμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δοκῐμᾰσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: docimasy (learned)

Greek: δοκιμασία (dokimasía)

af

δοκιμάζω (dokimázō) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)

examination, scrutiny of magistrates after election, to see if they fulfil the legal requirements of legitimacy, full citizenship, etc.


ῥήτωρ

grc-noun

ῥήτωρ • (rhḗtōr) m (genitive ῥήτορος, diminutive ῥητορίσκος); third declension

rhḗtōr (romanization)
ῥήτορος (genitive)
ῥητορίσκος (diminutive)
ὁ ῥήτωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥήτορε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥήτορες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥήτορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥητόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥητόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥήτορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥητόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥήτορσῐ (dative plural)
ῥήτορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhḗtorsi (dative plural)
toîs rhḗtorsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῥήτορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥήτορε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥήτορᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥῆτορ (singular vocative)
ῥήτορε (dual vocative)
ῥήτορες (plural vocative)

Greek: ρήτορας (rítoras)

desctree

→ Latin: rhētor
→ English: rhetor
→ French: rhéteur
Italian: retore
Sicilian: rituri
→ Spanish: rétor

→ Polish: retor

→ Russian: ритор (ritor)

/r̥ɛ̌ː.tɔːr/

/r̥ɛ̌ː.tɔːr/

Agent noun formation from εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”), synchronically analyzable as ῥή- (rhḗ-) + -τωρ (-tōr).


πρεσβεία

grc-noun

πρεσβεία • (presbeía) f (genitive πρεσβείας); first declension

presbeía (romanization)
πρεσβείας (genitive)

From πρεσβ(εύω) (presb(eúō), “I am elderly; I am ambassador”) + -εία (-eía, “nominal suffix”) and see πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder”).


λιτανεία

grc-noun

λῐτᾰνείᾱ • (litaneíā) f (genitive λῐτᾰνείᾱς); first declension

λῐτᾰνείᾱ (canonical)
litaneíā (romanization)
λῐτᾰνείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λῐτᾰνείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐτᾰνείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῐτᾰνεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῐτᾰνείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐτᾰνείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐτᾰνειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῐτᾰνείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐτᾰνείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῐτᾰνείαις (dative plural)
τὴν λῐτᾰνείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐτᾰνείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῐτᾰνείᾱς (accusative plural)
λῐτᾰνείᾱ (singular vocative)
λῐτᾰνείᾱ (dual vocative)
λῐτᾰνεῖαι (plural vocative)

Greek: λιτανεία (litaneía)

→ Bulgarian: литания (litanija)

Esperanto: litanio

→ Old Georgian: ლიტანია (liṭania)

Georgian: ლიტანია (liṭania)

→? Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (liteins)

→ Romanian: litanie

→ Russian: лита́ния (litánija)

→ Late Latin: litanīa

Catalan: lletania

→ Czech: litanie

→ Middle Dutch: letanie

Dutch: litanie

→ Finnish: litania

Old French: letanie

→ Middle English: letany

English: litany

Scots: leetany

French: litanie

Norman: litannie

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: ledaỹa, ledanĩa
Galician: ladaíña
Portuguese: ladainha

→ Middle High German: litanie

German: Litanei

→ Italian: litania

→ Norwegian: litani

→ Polish: litania

→ Portuguese: litania (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: litànija

Spanish: letanía
→ Cebuano: litaniya
→ Tagalog: litaniya

→ Swedish: litania

From λιτανεύω (litaneúō, “to pray, entreat”) + -είᾱ (-eíā).


μῆλον

grc-noun

μῆλον • (mêlon) n (genitive μήλου); second declension

mêlon (romanization)
μήλου (genitive)
τὸ μῆλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μῆλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆλον (singular vocative)
μήλω (dual vocative)
μῆλᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ μᾶλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾶλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾱ́λω (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾱ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾱ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾱ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾶλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾱ́λως (accusative plural)
μᾶλον (singular vocative)
μᾱ́λω (dual vocative)
μᾶλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μήλο (mílo)

Tsakonian: μάλι (máli)

→ Proto-Albanian: *mālā (via Doric μᾶλα (mâla))

Albanian: mollë

→ Latin: mālum, mēlum, mēlo

→ Translingual: Malus

Uncertain. Compare Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”), Hittite 𒊭𒈠𒇻 (šamalu-, “apple”), Hittite 𒊭𒄠𒇻 (šamlu-, “apple”) and Proto-Kartvelian *msxal- (“pear”).
Multiple theories have been put forth:
Theories on the origin of μῆλον
* Beekes (2010) declares it to be a Pre-Greek Mediterranean substrate borrowing, comparing it with Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”).
* Kroonen (2016) reconstructs a Proto-Indo-European byform *smh₂l-, from which he also derives Hittite 𒊭𒈠𒇻 (šamalu-), 𒊭𒄠𒇻 (šamlu-) "apple". He also connects this IE form with Proto-Kartvelian *msxal- (“pear”) and proposes that the Indo-European words may have come from a metathesis of that Kartvelian word.
* Fenwick (2016) also argues for an ultimate Indo-European origin, though with differing details, and views the Kartvelian term rather as an IE loan. She reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lo- (“cultivated tree, cultivated vine”), with a variant *móh₂lo- (“id.”). This variant is visible in e.g. Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”), Lydian μῶλαξ (môlax, “type of wine”), and Armenian մոլ (mol, “sucker, runner, stolon”). She takes this variation as evidence of an earlier acrostatic root noun *móh₂l- (“type of culturally important plant”) - which got thematized later on - showing a range of other derived forms. She further treats *móh₂l- itself as a possible archaic *-l- deverbal noun from *meh₂- (“to grow, increase, mature, be fruitful”). She compares this development to that of *webʰl- (“weevil, beetle, worm”), which she derives from *webʰ- (“to weave”)).

m+

(figuratively, in the plural) a woman's breast


μῆλον

mêlon (romanization)
μήλου (genitive)
τὸ μῆλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μῆλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆλον (singular vocative)
μήλω (dual vocative)
μῆλᾰ (plural vocative)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal”). Compare Old Irish mil (“small animal”), Dutch maal (“young cow”), Old Church Slavonic малъ (malŭ), Old English smæl (English small). Despite phonetic and semantic similarities, likely unrelated to Old Armenian մալ (mal, “cattle”), which stems from Arabic مَال (māl, “property”) instead.


ἔβενος

grc-noun

ἔβενος • (ébenos) f or m (genitive ἐβένου); second declension

ébenos (romanization)
ἐβένου (genitive)
ὁ ἔβενος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐβένω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔβενοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐβένου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐβένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐβένων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐβένῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐβένοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐβένοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔβενον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐβένω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐβένους (accusative plural)
ἔβενε (singular vocative)
ἐβένω (dual vocative)
ἔβενοι (plural vocative)

Greek: έβενος (évenos)

→ Armenian: էբենոս (ēbenos)

→ Latin: hebenus, ebenus (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Persian: ʾpnws (abnūs)

desc

Persian: ابنوس (abnus), آبنوس (ābnūs, ābenūs), آبنوز (ābnūz) (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܒܢܘܣܐ (ʾaḇnūsāʾ)

→ Old Armenian: եբենոս (ebenos), ոպնիազ (opniaz)

Armenian: եբենոս (ebenos)

Borrowed from Egyptian hbnj, U13:n-Z4:M3


ἱερόν

grc-noun

ἱερόν • (hierón) n (genitive ἱεροῦ); second declension

hierón (romanization)
ἱεροῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἱερόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱερώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἱερᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱεροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱερῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱεροῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἱερόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱερώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἱερᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἱερόν (singular vocative)
ἱερώ (dual vocative)
ἱερᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Neuter substantive of ἱερός (hierós, “holy”)


𐠀𐠰𐠦𐠡𐠩

Alternative spelling of ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) in the Cypriot syllabary


πειρατής

πειρατής • (peiratḗs) m (genitive πειρατοῦ); first declension

peiratḗs (romanization)
πειρατοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πειρατής (nominative singular)
οἱ πειραταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πειρατοῦ (genitive singular)
τῶν πειρατῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πειρατῇ (dative singular)
τοῖς πειραταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πειρατήν (accusative singular)
τοὺς πειρατᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πειρατᾰ́ (singular vocative)
πειραταί (plural vocative)

Greek: πειρατής (peiratís)

desctree

→ Latin: pīrāta
→ Catalan: pirata
→ Old French: pirate
Middle French: pirate
French: pirate
→ Dutch: piraat
Norman: pirate
→ Middle English: pirate
English: pirate
Italian: pirata, pirato (obsolete)
→ German: Pirat
Portuguese: pirata
Spanish: pirata
→ Translingual: Pirata

From πεῖρα (peîra, “a trial, an experiment, an attempt”) + -της (-tēs, “a suffix forming agent nouns”).


ὄγκινος

grc-noun

ὄγκῑνος • (ónkīnos) m (genitive ὀγκῑ́νου); second declension

ὄγκῑνος (canonical)
ónkīnos (romanization)
ὀγκῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ὄγκῑνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀγκῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄγκῑνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀγκῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀγκῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀγκῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀγκῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀγκῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀγκῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄγκῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀγκῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀγκῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ὄγκῑνε (singular vocative)
ὀγκῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ὄγκῑνοι (plural vocative)

From ὄγκος (ónkos, “bend”) + -ῑνος (-īnos).


χαρακτήρ

χᾰρᾰκτήρ • (kharaktḗr) m (genitive χᾰρᾰκτῆρος); third declension

χᾰρᾰκτήρ (canonical)
kharaktḗr (romanization)
χᾰρᾰκτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ χᾰρᾰκτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰρᾰκτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰρᾰκτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰρᾰκτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰκτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρᾰκτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰρᾰκτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰκτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰρᾰκτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰρᾰκτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kharaktêrsi (dative plural)
toîs kharaktêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰρᾰκτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰρᾰκτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰρᾰκτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰρᾰκτήρ (singular vocative)
χᾰρᾰκτῆρε (dual vocative)
χᾰρᾰκτῆρες (plural vocative)

Coptic: ⲭⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣ (kharaktēr)

→ Latin: character (see there for further descendants)

Greek: χαρακτήρας (charaktíras)

From χαράσσω (kharássō, “I scratch, engrave”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix).


ξενία

grc-noun

ξενῐ́ᾱ • (xeníā) f (genitive ξενῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ξενῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
xeníā (romanization)
ξενῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ξενῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ξενῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξενῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξενῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξενῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξενῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξενῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξενῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξενῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ξενῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ξενῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξενῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ξενῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ξενῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ξενῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ξένος (xénos, “stranger, guest”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

hospitality, hospitable reception, entertainment

the idea that all strangers have a right to a certain gift, whether it is food, gold, entertainment or a place to stay


ἱπποπόταμος

grc-noun

ῐ̔πποπότᾰμος

ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μου

ῐ̔πποπότᾰμος • (hippopótamos) m (genitive ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μου); second declension

ῐ̔πποπότᾰμος (canonical)
hippopótamos (romanization)
ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔πποπότᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔πποπότᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔πποπότᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔πποπότᾰμε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποποτᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔πποπότᾰμοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̔πποπότᾰμος

desc

→ Arabic: فَرَس نَهْر (faras nahr) (calque)

→ Danish: flodhest (calque)

→ German: Flusspferd (calque)

→ English: river horse (calque)

→ Latin: hippopotamus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: գետաձի (getaji) (calque)

From ῐ̔́ππος (híppos, “horse”) + ποτᾰμός (potamós, “river”).


σωρείτης

grc-noun

σωρείτης • (sōreítēs) m (genitive σωρείτου); first declension

sōreítēs (romanization)
σωρείτου (genitive)
ὁ σωρείτης (nominative singular)
τὼ σωρείτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σωρεῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σωρείτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωρείταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωρειτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σωρείτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωρείταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σωρείταις (dative plural)
τὸν σωρείτην (accusative singular)
τὼ σωρείτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σωρείτᾱς (accusative plural)
σωρεῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σωρείτᾱ (dual vocative)
σωρεῖται (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of σωρίτης (sōrítēs)


σωρίτης

σωρῑ́της • (sōrī́tēs) m (genitive σωρῑ́του); first declension

σωρῑ́της (canonical)
sōrī́tēs (romanization)
σωρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σωρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σωρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σωρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σωρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σωρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σωρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σωρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σωρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σωρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σωρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σωρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σωρῖται (plural vocative)

From σωρός (sōrós, “heap”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).

af

σωρός (sōrós, “heap”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)

sorites, a heap of syllogisms, the fallacy of the heap


δορκάς

grc-noun

δορκᾰ́ς • (dorkás) f (genitive δορκᾰ́δος); third declension

δορκᾰ́ς (canonical)
dorkás (romanization)
δορκᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ δορκᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ δορκᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ δορκᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς δορκᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορκᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορκᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ δορκᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δορκᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δορκᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
δορκᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs dorkási (dative plural)
taîs dorkásin (dative plural)
τὴν δορκᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δορκᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δορκᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
δορκᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
δορκᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
δορκᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Compare Cornish yorch, Welsh iwrch, which leads to a Proto-Indo-European *yorkos (“roe deer”). However, the δ is unexplained, except perhaps by connection with δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “I see clearly”). Has traditionally been explained as a simple derivative of δέρκομαι (dérkomai), because of their bright eyes.


πεδίον

grc-noun

πεδίον • (pedíon) n (genitive πεδίου); second declension

pedíon (romanization)
πεδίου (genitive)
τὸ πεδῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ πεδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πεδῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πεδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πεδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πεδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πεδῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ πεδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πεδῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πεδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)
πεδῐ́ον (nominative singular)
πεδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
πεδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
πεδῐοῖο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οιο (genitive singular)
πεδῐόο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
πεδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
πεδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
πεδῐ́οιῐν (dative dual)
πεδῐ́οισῐ (dative plural)
πεδῐ́οισῐν (dative plural)
πεδῐ́οις (dative plural)
pedíoisi (dative plural)
pedíoisin (dative plural)
pedíois (dative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (accusative singular)
πεδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πεδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πεδίο (pedío)

→ English: pedion, Pædion

From Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“trace, footstep”), and related to πούς (poús, “foot”). Compare πέδον (pédon, “soil, ground”).

der

νὴ μὰ Δία Βοιωτία, καλόν γ’ ἔχουσα τὸ πεδίον


σωρός

grc-noun

σωρός • (sōrós) m (genitive σωροῦ); second declension

sōrós (romanization)
σωροῦ (genitive)
ὁ σωρός (nominative singular)
τὼ σωρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σωροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σωροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σωρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σωροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σωρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σωρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σωρούς (accusative plural)
σωρέ (singular vocative)
σωρώ (dual vocative)
σωροί (plural vocative)

Greek: σωρός (sorós)

→ New Latin: sōrus (see there for further descendants)

Probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Starting from Proto-Indo-European *twoh₂-ro-, Solmsen seeks connection with σῶς (sôs, “safe, healthy, intact”), also pleading against connection with σορός (sorós, “cup, recipient”). σῶμα (sôma, “body”) has also been compared. See also Old Armenian թուշ (tʻuš, “cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewHr- (“to swell”), which seems connected to *tewh₂- and which the Greek term may alternatively derive from.


ῥακά

→ Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰 (raka)

→ Latin: raca

desc

→ Old Armenian: ռակայ (ṙakay), ռակկայ (ṙakkay), ռակա (ṙaka)

→ Old Georgian: რაკა (raḳa)

→ Old Church Slavonic: рака (raka)

→ Old East Slavic: рака (raka)

Borrowed from Aramaic ריקה, ריקא (rēqā).

idiot, fool, blockhead, good-for-nothing

ῥαχά

in one manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew


τύραννος

grc-noun

τῠ́ρᾰννος • (túrannos) m or f (genitive τῠρᾰ́ννου); second declension

τῠ́ρᾰννος (canonical)
túrannos (romanization)
τῠρᾰ́ννου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ τῠ́ρᾰννος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ τῠ́ρᾰννοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς τῠρᾰ́ννου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῠρᾰ́ννων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ τῠρᾰ́ννῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς τῠρᾰ́ννοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν τῠ́ρᾰννον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς τῠρᾰ́ννους (accusative plural)
τῠ́ρᾰννε (singular vocative)
τῠρᾰ́ννω (dual vocative)
τῠ́ρᾰννοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲟⲥ (turanos)

→ Latin: tyrannus (see there for further descendants)

→ Lithuanian: tironas

Perhaps a borrowing of a Lydian word for “king” or a similar word in another language of Asia Minor, possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *tigernos (e.g., Gildas' phrase "superbo tyranno Vortigerno").
Compare Hittite [script needed] (šarawanaš), [script needed] (tarawanaš), Philistine 𐤈𐤓𐤍 (ṭrn, “lord, ruler”), Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌍 (turon, “mistress, lady”), a surname of Venus, which is probably related.
The Hittite term is a compound with first part possibly Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr /tzor/, “Tyre”) and second part cognate to Ancient Greek ἄναξ (ánax), Mycenaean Greek 𐀷𐀙𐀏 (king) i.e., a king who donned the Tyrean purple.
Beekes argued for a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

absolute ruler (i.e. of gods, kings), initially applied to Lydian king Γύγης (Gúgēs)

(with negative connotation) tyrant, dictator, despot


ἔντερα

head

ἔντερα • (éntera)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ἔντερον (énteron)


ἔντερον

grc-noun

ἔντερον • (énteron) n (genitive ἐντέρου); second declension

énteron (romanization)
ἐντέρου (genitive)
τὸ ἔντερον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐντέρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔντερᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐντέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐντέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐντέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐντέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐντέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐντέροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔντερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐντέρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔντερᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔντερον (singular vocative)
ἐντέρω (dual vocative)
ἔντερᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: έντερο (éntero)

Neuter substantive of *ἔντερος (*énteros, “inside”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros, from *h₁én (whence also ἐν (en, “in”)) + *-teros (whence also -τερος (-teros, “comparative suffix”)). Cognates include Russian ятро́ (jatró), Sanskrit अन्त्र (ántra, “entrails”), Old Armenian ընդերք (ənderkʻ, “entrails”), and Latin interāneum (“entrails”), whence English entrails.

cog

(usually in the plural) guts, viscera, intestine, gut, belly, bowel, womb


μετοχή

grc-noun

μετοχή • (metokhḗ) f (genitive μετοχῆς); first declension

metokhḗ (romanization)
μετοχῆς (genitive)
ἡ μετοχή (nominative singular)
τὼ μετοχᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μετοχαί (nominative plural)
τῆς μετοχῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετοχαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετοχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μετοχῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετοχαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μετοχαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μετοχήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μετοχᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μετοχᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μετοχή (singular vocative)
μετοχᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μετοχαί (plural vocative)

Greek: μετοχή (metochí)

→ Latin: participium (semantic loan)

From μετέχω (metékhō, “to take part”) + -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix).


ἄκρον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́κρον • (ákron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́κρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́κρον (canonical)
ákron (romanization)
ᾰ̓́κρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́κρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́κρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́κρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́κροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́κρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́κρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́κροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́κροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́κρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́κρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άκρο (ákro)

(in the plural, logic) the major and minor points of syllogism


σκίουρος

σκῐ́ουρος • (skíouros) m (genitive σκῐούρου); second declension

σκῐ́ουρος (canonical)
skíouros (romanization)
σκῐούρου (genitive)
ὁ σκῐ́ουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῐ́ουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῐούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῐούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῐούροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῐ́ουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῐούρους (accusative plural)
σκῐ́ουρε (singular vocative)
σκῐούρω (dual vocative)
σκῐ́ουροι (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: սկյուռ (skyuṙ)

Greek: σκίουρος (skíouros)

→ Latin: sciūrus, sciūrolus (see there for further descendants)

Traditionally explained as a bahuvrihi compound of σκιά (skiá, “shade, shadow”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”), thus "(one who) generates shade with its tail", but this could be a folk etymology, and it might actually be Pre-Greek, if the -ουρος (-ouros) is a suffix rather than a standalone word.