σθένος

grc-noun

σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension

sthénos (romanization)
σθένεος (genitive)
σθένους (genitive)
τὸ σθένος (nominative singular)
τοῦ σθένους (genitive singular)
τῷ σθένει (dative singular)
τὸ σθένος (accusative singular)
σθένος (singular vocative)
σθένος (nominative singular)
σθένεος (genitive singular)
σθένευς (genitive singular)
σθένει (dative singular)
σθένεῐ̈ (dative singular)
σθένος (accusative singular)
σθένος (singular vocative)

→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)

Unknown. The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:
* Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”))
* Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”).
* From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.


ἑκυρός

grc-noun

ἑκῠρός • (hekurós) m (genitive ἑκῠροῦ); second declension

ἑκῠρός (canonical)
hekurós (romanization)
ἑκῠροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἑκῠρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑκῠρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἑκῠροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑκῠροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑκῠροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑκῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑκῠρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑκῠροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑκῠροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἑκῠρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑκῠρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἑκῠρούς (accusative plural)
ἑκῠρέ (singular vocative)
ἑκῠρώ (dual vocative)
ἑκῠροί (plural vocative)


γέρανος

γέρᾰνος • (géranos) m or f (genitive γερᾰ́νου); second declension

γέρᾰνος (canonical)
géranos (romanization)
γερᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ γέρᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ γέρᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς γερᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γερᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ γερᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς γερᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν γέρᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γερᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
γέρᾰνε (singular vocative)
γερᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
γέρᾰνοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂-. Cognates include Old Armenian կռունկ (kṙunk), Latin grūs, and Old English cran (English crane).


ἀννίς

head

ἀννίς • (annís) f (genitive unknown (possibly ãννιοσ))

annís (romanization)
(possibly ãννιοσ) (genitive unknown)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-ih₂- (“grandmother”). Cognates include Latin anus (“old woman”), Old Armenian հան (han, “grandmother”) and Lithuanian anýta (“mother-in-law”).

(hapax) maternal or paternal grandmother.


ἦτορ

grc-noun

ἦτορ • (êtor) n (genitive ἤτορος); third declension

êtor (romanization)
ἤτορος (genitive)
τὸ ἦτορ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤτορε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤτορᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤτορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠτόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠτόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤτορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠτόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤτορσῐ (dative plural)
ἤτορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ḗtorsi (dative plural)
toîs ḗtorsin (dative plural)
τὸ ἦτορ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤτορε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤτορᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦτορ (singular vocative)
ἤτορε (dual vocative)
ἤτορᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁tr̥, from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix). Cognates include Latin uterus, Old Irish inathar, and Old English ǣdre.

suffix

(Epic) the heart, as the seat of life, passion, desire, etc.


ἔριφος

grc-noun

ἔρῐφος • (ériphos) m or f (genitive ἐρῐ́φου); second declension

ἔρῐφος (canonical)
ériphos (romanization)
ἐρῐ́φου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἔρῐφος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἔρῐφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐρῐ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῐ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐρῐ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐρῐ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἔρῐφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐρῐ́φους (accusative plural)
ἔρῐφε (singular vocative)
ἐρῐ́φω (dual vocative)
ἔρῐφοι (plural vocative)

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-, with cognates including Latin ariēs, and Lithuanian ėriukas.


ὄροβος

ὄροβος • (órobos) m (genitive ὀρόβου); second declension

órobos (romanization)
ὀρόβου (genitive)
ὁ ὄροβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρόβω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄροβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρόβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρόβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρόβων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρόβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρόβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρόβοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄροβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρόβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀρόβους (accusative plural)
ὄροβε (singular vocative)
ὀρόβω (dual vocative)
ὄροβοι (plural vocative)

Probably a Mediterranean substrate borrowing, and likely related to ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”). Compare Proto-Germanic *arwīts, Latin ervum.

Vicia ervilia
Vicia ervilia#Translingual


κράταιγος

κρᾰ́ταιγος • (krátaigos) m (genitive κρᾰταίγου); second declension

κρᾰ́ταιγος (canonical)
krátaigos (romanization)
κρᾰταίγου (genitive)
ὁ κρᾰ́ταιγος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰταίγω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρᾰ́ταιγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰταίγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰταίγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰταίγων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰταίγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰταίγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰταίγοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρᾰ́ταιγον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰταίγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρᾰταίγους (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́ταιγε (singular vocative)
κρᾰταίγω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́ταιγοι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps from κρᾰτῠ́ς (kratús, “strong, mighty”) + the same αἰγ- (aig-) of αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps).

Crataegus heldreichii
Crataegus heldreichii#Translingual


ἀδήν

ᾰ̓δήν • (adḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

ᾰ̓δήν (canonical)
adḗn (romanization)
ᾰ̓δένος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓δήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δένε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ᾰ̓δένες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δένων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓δέσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs adési (dative plural)
taîs adésin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δένε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δήν (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δένε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δένες (plural vocative)

⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia

Greek: αδένας (adénas)

⇒ Latin: polyadenus

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).
De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.

inh

[…], τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ, […]
[…], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò têi maskhálēi,[…]

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 11


χέρσος

grc-noun

χέρσος • (khérsos) f (genitive χέρσου); second declension

khérsos (romanization)
χέρσου (genitive)
ἡ χέρσος (nominative singular)
τὼ χέρσω (dual nominative)
αἱ χέρσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς χέρσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χέρσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χέρσων (genitive plural)
τῇ χέρσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χέρσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χέρσοις (dative plural)
τὴν χέρσον (accusative singular)
τὼ χέρσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χέρσους (accusative plural)
χέρσε (singular vocative)
χέρσω (dual vocative)
χέρσοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰérsos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰérsos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“stand erect”). Cognate to Albanian djerr (“fallow land”); Latin horreō, horror; Sanskrit हर्ष (harṣa, “excitement”).
Compare the semantics of Latin terra.


ὠλένη

grc-noun

ὠλένη • (ōlénē) f (genitive ὠλένης); first declension

ōlénē (romanization)
ὠλένης (genitive)
ἡ ὠλένη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠλένᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὠλέναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὠλένης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠλέναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠλενῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὠλένῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠλέναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὠλέναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὠλένην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠλένᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὠλένᾱς (accusative plural)
ὠλένη (singular vocative)
ὠλένᾱ (dual vocative)
ὠλέναι (plural vocative)

Greek: ωλένη (oléni)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₃l(e)n-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l-. Cognates include Sanskrit अरत्नि (aratní), Latin ulna, Old Armenian ողն (ołn), ուլն (uln), Albanian llërë and Old English elnboga (English elbow). This reconstruction however remains uncertain.


ἀμνός

ἀμνός • (amnós) m (genitive ἀμνοῦ); second declension

amnós (romanization)
ἀμνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀμνός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀμνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀμνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀμνούς (accusative plural)
ἀμνέ (singular vocative)
ἀμνώ (dual vocative)
ἀμνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αμνός (amnós)

From Proto-Hellenic *abnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós. Cognates include Latin agnus, Old Church Slavonic агнѧ (agnę), Old English ēanian (English yean), and Albanian enjë.


ἄλφιτον

ἄλφιτον • (álphiton) n (genitive ἀλφίτου); second declension

álphiton (romanization)
ἀλφίτου (genitive)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλφίτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλφίτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλφίτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλφίτοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλφιτον (singular vocative)
ἀλφίτω (dual vocative)
ἄλφιτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Cognates include Albanian elb.

δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπεῤῥώοντο γυναῖκες ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν

c. 8th century BCE, Homer, “Rhapsody υ”, in Odyssey, 107-8:

twelve maidens, day by day, toiled grinding barleymeal and wheatmeal, the marrow of man

dṓdeka pâsai eperrhṓonto gunaîkes álphita teúkhousai kaì aleíata, muelòn andrôn

οἱ ἀστοὶ ἄλευρά τε καὶ ἄλφιτα ἐποίευν πάντες ἐπὶ μῆνας συχνούς

430 BCE, Herodotus, “Book VII, Polyymnia”, in Histories, section 119:

the citizens continued to make wheatmeal and barleymeal for many months

hoi astoì áleurá te kaì álphita epoíeun pántes epì mênas sukhnoús

(figuratively) one's daily bread, bread and cheese


ἄλκη

ἄλκη • (álkē) f (genitive ἄλκης); first declension

álkē (romanization)
ἄλκης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́λκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́λκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́λκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́λκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́λκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́λκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́λκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́λκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́λκᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λκη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: άλκη (álki)

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *elhaz, *algiz (“elk”), whence also Latin alcēs.


ἀξίνη

ἀξῑ́νη • (axī́nē) f (genitive ἀξῑ́νης); first declension

ἀξῑ́νη (canonical)
axī́nē (romanization)
ἀξῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ἀξῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀξῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀξῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀξῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀξῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀξῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀξῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀξῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀξῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀξῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀξῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀξῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀξῑ́νη (singular vocative)
ἀξῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀξῖναι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ἀξῑ́νᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀξῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ ἀξῖναι (nominative plural)
τᾶς ἀξῑ́νᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀξῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ἀξῑνᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ ἀξῑ́νᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀξῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀξῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ἀξῑ́νᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀξῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀξῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀξῑ́νᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀξῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀξῖναι (plural vocative)

It has been proposed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷs-ih₂-, citing cognates such as Latin ascia and a number of Germanic words, such as Old English æx (English axe). However, it could also be a Semitic borrowing; compare Akkadian 𒍏𒄩𒍣𒅔 (ḫaṣṣinnum) and Aramaic חצינא (ḥaṣīnā).


ἐχέτλη

ἐχέτλη • (ekhétlē) f (genitive ἐχέτλης); first declension

ekhétlē (romanization)
ἐχέτλης (genitive)
ἡ ἐχέτλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχέτλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐχέτλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐχέτλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχέτλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχετλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐχέτλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχέτλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐχέτλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐχέτλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχέτλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐχέτλᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐχέτλη (singular vocative)
ἐχέτλᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐχέτλαι (plural vocative)


ἄσπρις

ἄσπρῐς • (áspris) f (genitive ἄσπρῐδος); third declension

ἄσπρῐς (canonical)
áspris (romanization)
ἄσπρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ἄσπρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄσπρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄσπρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἄσπρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσπρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσπρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἄσπρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσπρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἄσπρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ἄσπρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ásprisi (dative plural)
taîs ásprisin (dative plural)
τὴν ἄσπρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄσπρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἄσπρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄσπρῐς (singular vocative)
ἄσπρῐδε (dual vocative)
ἄσπρῐδες (plural vocative)

Unclear. Could be related to Old High German aspa, but the connection is problematic.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris#Translingual


νῆττα

νῆττᾰ • (nêtta) f (genitive νήττης); first declension

νῆττᾰ (canonical)
nêtta (romanization)
νήττης (genitive)
ἡ νῆττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ νήττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆτται (nominative plural)
τῆς νήττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νήτταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νήττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νήτταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νήτταις (dative plural)
τὴν νῆττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ νήττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νήττᾱς (accusative plural)
νῆττᾰ (singular vocative)
νήττᾱ (dual vocative)
νῆτται (plural vocative)

Translingual: Netta

From Proto-Hellenic *nāťťa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts.


ἀροτήρ

ἀροτήρ • (arotḗr) m (genitive ἀροτῆρος); third declension

arotḗr (romanization)
ἀροτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ ἀροτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀροτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀροτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀροτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀροτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀροτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀροτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀροτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀροτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
ἀροτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs arotêrsi (dative plural)
toîs arotêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἀροτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀροτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀροτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀροτήρ (singular vocative)
ἀροτῆρε (dual vocative)
ἀροτῆρες (plural vocative)

From ἀρόω (aróō, “I plow”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, masculine agent noun suffix). See also ἄροτρον (árotron).

suffix

(adjectival use) having to do with ploughing


ὄζος

grc-noun

ὄζος • (ózos) m (genitive ὄζου); second declension

ózos (romanization)
ὄζου (genitive)
ὁ ὄζος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄζω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄζοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄζου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄζοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄζων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄζῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄζοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄζοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄζον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄζω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄζους (accusative plural)
ὄζε (singular vocative)
ὄζω (dual vocative)
ὄζοι (plural vocative)

Greek: όζος (ózos)

From Proto-Hellenic *ózdos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ósdos (“branch, twig”). Cognate with Old Armenian ոստ (ost, “branch; knot (of tree)”), Old English ōst (“tree knot”).


ἄρκευθος

grc-noun

ἄρκευθος • (árkeuthos) f (genitive ἀρκεύθου); second declension

árkeuthos (romanization)
ἀρκεύθου (genitive)
ἡ ἄρκευθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρκεύθω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄρκευθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀρκεύθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρκεύθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρκεύθων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀρκεύθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρκεύθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀρκεύθοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄρκευθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρκεύθω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀρκεύθους (accusative plural)
ἄρκευθε (singular vocative)
ἀρκεύθω (dual vocative)
ἄρκευθοι (plural vocative)

Unclear. Has been derived from ἄρκυς (árkus, “net”). Has also been derived from Proto-Indo-European, with cognates such as Russian раки́та (rakíta). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, comparing the Hesychian gloss ἄργετος (árgetos, “juniper”).

Juniperus phoenicea
Juniperus phoenicea#Translingual

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual


ὦμος

ὦμος • (ômos) m (genitive ὤμου); second declension

ômos (romanization)
ὤμου (genitive)
ὁ ὦμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὤμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὦμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὤμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὤμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὤμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὦμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὤμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὤμους (accusative plural)
ὦμε (singular vocative)
ὤμω (dual vocative)
ὦμοι (plural vocative)
ὦμος (nominative singular)
ὤμω (dual nominative)
ὦμοι (nominative plural)
ὤμου (genitive singular)
ὠμοῖο (genitive singular)
ὤμοιο (genitive singular)
ὠμόο (genitive singular)
ὤμοο (genitive singular)
ὤμοιῐν (dual genitive)
ὤμων (genitive plural)
ὤμῳ (dative singular)
ὤμοιῐν (dative dual)
ὤμοισῐ (dative plural)
ὤμοισῐν (dative plural)
ὤμοις (dative plural)
ṓmoisi (dative plural)
ṓmoisin (dative plural)
ṓmois (dative plural)
ὦμον (accusative singular)
ὤμω (accusative dual)
ὤμους (accusative plural)
ὦμε (singular vocative)
ὤμω (dual vocative)
ὦμοι (plural vocative)

⇒ English: omo-

Greek: ώμος (ómos)

⇒ New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.

Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.

τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν· […]

From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each, […]

shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal

(particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)

καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος· […]
kaì thḗseis toùs dúo líthous epì tôn ṓmōn tês epōmídos;[…]

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 28.12

And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-strap.

[…], τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου.

[…], the other with his long sword on the collarbone, shearing the shoulder from the neck and spine.

ἐγὼ τήνδε τὴν χώρην ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι ἐκτησάμην.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.106

"I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders."

"egṑ tḗnde tḕn khṓrēn ṓmoisi toîsi emoîsi ektēsámēn."

[…]· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· […]
[…]; hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai ṓmois aḯssontai;[…]

[…], tossing his head while his mane streams over his shoulders, […]

[…]· γλαυκιόων δ᾽ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους οὐρῇ μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, […]

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 430

[…] his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail […]

(figurative) parts below the top or head of anything, especially of the fork of a vine


αἰγίλωψ

αἰγῐ́λωψ • (aigílōps) m (genitive αἰγῐ́λωπος); third declension

αἰγῐ́λωψ (canonical)
aigílōps (romanization)
αἰγῐ́λωπος (genitive)
ὁ αἰγῐ́λωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́λωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰγῐ́λωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰγῐ́λωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐλώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῐλώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰγῐ́λωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐλώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰγῐ́λωψῐ (dative plural)
αἰγῐ́λωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs aigílōpsi (dative plural)
toîs aigílōpsin (dative plural)
τὸν αἰγῐ́λωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́λωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰγῐ́λωπᾰς (accusative plural)
αἰγῐ́λωψ (singular vocative)
αἰγῐ́λωπε (dual vocative)
αἰγῐ́λωπες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: aegilōps m, aegilōpa f (Medieval form)
→ Translingual: Aegilops
→ English: aegilops
→ French: égilope

Unclear.
# The oak sense has been argued to retain a Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”) whence Proto-Germanic *aiks (“oak”) and Latin aesculus (“some oak”).
# However, the haver-grass sense has been argued to derive from αἴγιλος (aígilos, “haver-grass”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“goat”) (whence αἴξ (aíx)).
# For the lachrymal fistula sense, see also ἀγχίλωψ (ankhílōps).

unk

Unclear

Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) or valonia oak (Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis)


ἠώς

grc-noun

ἠώς • (ēṓs) f (genitive ἠοῦς); third declension

ēṓs (romanization)
ἠοῦς (genitive)
ἠώς (nominative singular)
ἠοῦς (genitive singular)
ἠοῖ (dative singular)
ἠῶ (accusative singular)
ἠοῦν (accusative singular)
ἠώς (singular vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion, corresponding to Ancient Greek goddess Ἠώς (Ēṓs). Cognates include Latin Aurora/aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre and Old Armenian այգ (ayg), առաւաւտ (aṙawawt).

Ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ῑ̔ερὸν ἦμαρ,

While the dawn lasted and the holy day grew,

Óphra mèn ēṑs ên kaì aéxeto hīeròn êmar,

παννυχίη μέν ῥ’ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον.

All night and through the morning [the ship] clove her way.

pannukhíē mén rh’ hḗ ge kaì ēô peîre kéleuthon.

(accusative, ἠῶ (ēô)) through the morning

Dawn as a length of time: morning
through the morning

ἀλλ’ ὅτε δή ῥ’ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετ’ ἠώς,

But when the twelfth dawn since then had come,

all’ hóte dḗ rh’ ek toîo duōdekátē génet’ ēṓs,


αὐγή

αὐγή • (augḗ) f (genitive αὐγῆς); first declension

augḗ (romanization)
αὐγῆς (genitive)
ἡ αὐγή (nominative singular)
τὼ αὐγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ αὐγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς αὐγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αὐγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς αὐγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν αὐγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὐγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αὐγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
αὐγή (singular vocative)
αὐγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
αὐγαί (plural vocative)

Greek: αυγή (avgí)

Maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to increase”). Cognates might include Albanian ag (“dawn”) and agój (“to dawn”) and Old Church Slavonic югъ (jugŭ, “South, south wind”).

cog

any gleam on the surface of bright objects, sheen


ἄγκος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́γκος • (ánkos) n (genitive ᾰ̓́γκεος or ᾰ̓́γκους); third declension

ᾰ̓́γκος (canonical)
ánkos (romanization)
ᾰ̓́γκεος (genitive)
ᾰ̓́γκους (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γκει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́γκους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́γκει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́γκεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánkesi (dative plural)
toîs ánkesin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γκει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκη (plural vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκος (nominative singular)
ᾰ̓́γκει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́γκευς (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓γκέοιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̓γκέων (genitive plural)
ᾰ̓́γκει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́γκεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ᾰ̓γκέοιν (dative dual)
ᾰ̓́γκεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκεσῐν (dative plural)
ánkesi (dative plural)
ánkesin (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκος (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓́γκει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γκει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́γκεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́γκευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γκέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́γκει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́γκεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́γκεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi ánkesi (dative plural)
toîsi ánkesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γκει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ánkos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énkos (“curve”). Cognates include Sanskrit अङ्कस् (áṅkas), Latin ancus and Old Armenian անկիւն (ankiwn, “angle”).

a bend, hollow: hence, mountain glen, dell, valley


στίχος

στῐ́χος • (stíkhos) m (genitive στῐ́χου); second declension

στῐ́χος (canonical)
stíkhos (romanization)
στῐ́χου (genitive)
ὁ στῐ́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ στῐ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ στῐ́χοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στῐ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῐ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῐ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ στῐ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στῐ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στῐ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν στῐ́χον (accusative singular)
τὼ στῐ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στῐ́χους (accusative plural)
στῐ́χε (singular vocative)
στῐ́χω (dual vocative)
στῐ́χοι (plural vocative)

Greek: στίχος (stíchos)

→ Latin: stichus

→ Russian: стих (stix)

desc

→ Old Georgian: სტიქონი (sṭikoni), სტრიქონი (sṭrikoni)

From στείχω (steíkhō, “walk, march, go or come, march in line or order”), from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (“to walk”).
Cognate with German steigen, English sty, stair, stile and possibly Latin vestīgō. See also στοῖχος (stoîkhos, “row in an ascending series, column”), στόχος (stókhos, “pillar of brick”), and στίξ (stíx, “row, line, rank, file (of soldiers)”).


αἴτιος

grc-noun

αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (genitive αἰτίου); second declension

αἴτῐος (canonical)
aítios (romanization)
αἰτίου (genitive)
ὁ αἴτῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ αἴτῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν αἴτῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰτῐ́ους (accusative plural)
αἴτῐε (singular vocative)
αἰτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
αἴτῐοι (plural vocative)

From an unattested *αἶτος (*aîtos, “share”) + -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give”). Cognates include αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask”), Tocharian B ai- (“to give, take”), Oscan aetis (“part (of a possession)”), and perhaps Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta) (though the latter is disputed by Beekes).


ἔαρ

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension

ἔᾰρ (canonical)
éar (romanization)
ἔᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
ἔᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éarsi (dative plural)
toîs éarsin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἔᾰρε (dual vocative)
ἔᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *éhər, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥. Cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), Latin sanguis and Old Latin assyr.

οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι
σάρκας ἀφαρπάζουσι καὶ ἀρτιχύτοιο φόνοιο
θερμὸν ἔαρ λάπτουσιν·
hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi
sárkas apharpázousi kaì artikhútoio phónoio

They rush upon him and rend his flesh with their jaws and lap the warm gore of new-shed blood.


ἔαρ

Greek: έαρ (éar)

From Proto-Hellenic *wéhər, from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥. Cognates include Latin ver, Persian بهار (bahâr), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá) and वसर् (vasar, “morning”), Old Norse vár, Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Old Church Slavonic весна (vesna).

φύλλα τὰ μέν τ’ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη
τηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δ’ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη·
phúlla tà mén t’ ánemos khamádis khéei, álla dé th’ húlē

The wind sheds the leaves upon the ground, but the flourishing forest brings them forth, and they follow the season of spring.

tēlethóōsa phúei, éaros d’ epigígnetai hṓrē;

ὡς δ’ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,
καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο, ...
hōs d’ hóte Pandaréou koúrē, khlōrēï̀s aēdṓn,

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.518

As the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood, beautifully sings when spring is not long begun, ...

kalòn aeídēisin éaros néon histaménoio, ...

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 460

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.31, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.117, 6.8)

πρὸς ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.56

πρὸς τὸ ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.17

περὶ τὸ ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.116

ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρον

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1137

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 99D, (compare Herodotus, Histories 7.162, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.7.34)

ἔαρ ὁρᾶν

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.45

γενύων ἔαρ

ὕπνων ἔαρ

Χαρίτων ἔαρ


οὐρά

οὐρᾱ́ • (ourā́) f (genitive οὐρᾶς); first declension

οὐρᾱ́ (canonical)
ourā́ (romanization)
οὐρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ οὐρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ οὐραί (nominative plural)
τῆς οὐρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οὐρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς οὐραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν οὐρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οὐρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
οὐρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
οὐρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
οὐραί (plural vocative)

Greek: ουρά (ourá)

Latin: Ischnura

Translingual: Lagurus

Translingual: Anura

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“tail, butt”) (alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *h₃érsos (“backside, buttocks”)), and related to ὄρρος (órrhos, “butt, ass”); see there for more. The connection with οὐραχός (ourakhós, “urachus”), while semantically sound, is phonetically unclear, due to the latter's strange suffix -αχός (-akhós), which has led Beekes to consider a possible Pre-Greek origin for the words (though he still seems to favor Indo-European origin for οὐρά (ourá), at least).

der

(of an army marching) the rear-guard, rear


ὄρνεον

grc-noun

ὄρνεον • (órneon) n (genitive ὀρνέου); second declension

órneon (romanization)
ὀρνέου (genitive)
τὸ ὄρνεον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρνέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄρνεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρνέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρνέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρνέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρνέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρνέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρνέοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄρνεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρνέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄρνεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄρνεον (singular vocative)
ὀρνέω (dual vocative)
ὄρνεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όρνεο (órneo), όρνιο (órnio)

From some derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō, whence also ὄρνις (órnis). Cognates include Old Armenian որոր (oror), Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒊏𒀸 (ḫāras), Proto-Slavic *orьlъ, and Old English earn (English erne).


ἄνεμος

ᾰ̓́νεμος • (ánemos) m (genitive ᾰ̓νέμου); second declension

ᾰ̓́νεμος (canonical)
ánemos (romanization)
ᾰ̓νέμου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́νεμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νέμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́νεμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νέμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νέμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νέμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νέμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νέμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νέμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́νεμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νέμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓νέμους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́νεμε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νέμω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́νεμοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ᾰ̓́νεμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νέμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́νεμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νέμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νέμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νέμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νέμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νέμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓νέμοισῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νέμοισῐν (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νέμοις (dative plural)
toîsi anémoisi (dative plural)
toîsi anémoisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
anémois (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́νεμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νέμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓νέμους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́νεμε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νέμω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́νεμοι (plural vocative)
ᾰ̓́νεμος (nominative singular)
ᾰ̓νέμω (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́νεμοι (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓νέμου (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓νεμοῖο (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓νέμοιο (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓νεμόο (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓νέμοο (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓νέμοιῐν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̓νέμων (genitive plural)
ᾰ̓νέμῳ (dative singular)
ᾰ̓νέμοιῐν (dative dual)
ᾰ̓νέμοισῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νέμοισῐν (dative plural)
ᾰ̓νέμοις (dative plural)
anémoisi (dative plural)
anémoisin (dative plural)
anémois (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́νεμον (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓νέμω (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓νέμους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́νεμε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νέμω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́νεμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άνεμος (ánemos)

From Proto-Hellenic *ánemos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀚𐀗 (a-ne-mo /ánemoi/, “winds”, pl.), Old Armenian հողմ (hołm, “wind”), Latin animus, Old Frisian omma, and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila); Compare also Tocharian B āñme (“self; soul”) and Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”).


ὄρχις

grc-noun

ὄρχις • (órkhis) m or f (genitive ὄρχεως or ὄρχῐος); third declension

órkhis (romanization)
ὄρχεως (genitive)
ὄρχῐος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ὄρχῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρχει (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ὄρχεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ὄρχεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρχεων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ὄρχει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ὄρχεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs órkhesi (dative plural)
taîs órkhesin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ὄρχῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρχει (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ὄρχεις (accusative plural)
ὄρχῐ (singular vocative)
ὄρχει (dual vocative)
ὄρχεις (plural vocative)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion)

Greek: αρχίδι (archídi)

→ Greek: όρχις m (órchis)

→ Latin: orchis (see there for further descendants)

→ English: orchi-

→ Italian: orchi-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁órǵʰis. Cognates include Old Armenian որձիք (orjikʻ, “testicles”), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌 (ər^əzi), Hittite [script needed] (arkiš), Albanian herdhe, and Irish uirghe.


ὀπώρα

grc-noun

ὀπώρᾱ • (opṓrā) f (genitive ὀπώρᾱς); first declension

ὀπώρᾱ (canonical)
opṓrā (romanization)
ὀπώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀπώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀπῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀπώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀπώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀπώραις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀπώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀπώρᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀπώρᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀπώρᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀπῶραι (plural vocative)

Seems to be a contraction of an original *ὀποσάρα (*oposára), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”) (whence ἐπῐ́ (epí)) + *(s)h₁ósr̥, a variant of *(s)h₁ésō (“harvest season”), from *(s)h₁es- (“crop, harvest”); the exact formation *(s)h₁ósr̥ is found also in Old Armenian ար-ա-ց (ar-a-cʻ). Other cognates include Russian о́сень (ósenʹ), Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (asans), and Old English earnian (English earn).

the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and of Arcturus (i. e. the end of July, all August and part of September), the end of summer; later it was used for autumn

fruit itself (extended from its use for the fruit-time)

(figuratively) summer-bloom; i.e. the bloom of youth


ὀμφαλός

ὀμφᾰλός • (omphalós) m (genitive ὀμφᾰλοῦ); second declension

ὀμφᾰλός (canonical)
omphalós (romanization)
ὀμφᾰλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὀμφᾰλός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀμφᾰλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀμφᾰλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀμφᾰλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀμφᾰλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀμφᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀμφᾰλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀμφᾰλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀμφᾰλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὀμφᾰλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀμφᾰλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀμφᾰλούς (accusative plural)
ὀμφᾰλέ (singular vocative)
ὀμφᾰλώ (dual vocative)
ὀμφᾰλοί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: αφαλός m (afalós), ομφαλός m (omfalós, “navel”)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃m̥bʰ-l̥-, from *h₃nebʰ- (“navel, center”). Cognates include Sanskrit नभ्य (nabhya), Latin umbilīcus, and Old English nafola (English navel).

knob or boss in the middle of the shield

button or knob on the horse's yoke to fasten the reins to

plug or valve closing the outlet of bath

(in the plural) knobs at each end of the stick round which books were rolled

(botany) centre of a plant, containing the seed vessel

centre of an army, properly the point at which an army is divided into two wings

(architecture) keystone of an arched vault


ἧπαρ

grc-noun

ἧπᾰρ • (hêpar) n (genitive ἥπᾰτος); third declension

ἧπᾰρ (canonical)
hêpar (romanization)
ἥπᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἧπᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἥπᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἥπᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡπᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἥπᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἥπᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἥπᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hḗpasi (dative plural)
toîs hḗpasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἧπᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἥπᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἥπᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
ἧπᾰρ (nominative singular)
ἥπᾰτε (dual nominative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
ἥπᾰτος (genitive singular)
ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἡπᾰ́των (genitive plural)
ἥπᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
ἥπᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἥπᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
hḗpasi (dative plural)
hḗpasin (dative plural)
hēpátessi (dative plural)
hēpátessin (dative plural)
hēpátesi (dative plural)
hēpátesin (dative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (accusative singular)
ἥπᾰτε (accusative dual)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἥπᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: hepato-, hepar

Greek: ήπαρ (ípar)

Latin: hēpar

From Proto-Hellenic *yêkʷər, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥. The noun was changed to a T-stem, presumably due to contamination from words like ὄνομᾰ (ónoma); the expected oblique base would be *hepan- (written *ηπαν-) or *ipan- (written *ιπαν-).


κάρα

κᾰ́ρᾱ • (kárā) n (genitive κᾰ́ρᾱτος); third declension

κᾰ́ρᾱ (canonical)
kárā (romanization)
κᾰ́ρᾱτος (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρᾱτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρᾱτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́ρᾱτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρᾱ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρᾱ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́ρᾱτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρᾱ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́ρᾱσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́ρᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kárāsi (dative plural)
toîs kárāsin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρᾱτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρᾱτᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρᾱτε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρᾱτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Vulgar Latin: cara (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *kárahə, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n- (“top of the head/skull”), from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn, top”).

inh

the head or top of anything, as of a mountain


κραιπάλη

grc-noun

κραιπᾰ́λη • (kraipálē) f (genitive κραιπᾰ́λης); first declension

κραιπᾰ́λη (canonical)
kraipálē (romanization)
κραιπᾰ́λης (genitive)
ἡ κραιπᾰ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ κραιπᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κραιπᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κραιπᾰ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κραιπᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κραιπᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κραιπᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κραιπᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κραιπᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν κραιπᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ κραιπᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κραιπᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
κραιπᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
κραιπᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
κραιπᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

Unclear. It has been connected with κραιπνός (kraipnós, “swift, rushing”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.


κύβας

κῠ́βᾱς • (kúbās) m (genitive κῠ́βου); first declension

κῠ́βᾱς (canonical)
kúbās (romanization)
κῠ́βου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́βᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́βᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́βαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠ́βαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́βᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠ́βαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́βαις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́βᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́βᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠ́βᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠ́βᾱ (singular vocative)
κῠ́βᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠ́βαι (plural vocative)

Synonym of σορός (sorós, “vessel”) (according to Hesychius)


λῆνος

λῆνος • (lênos) n (genitive λήνους or λήνεος); third declension

lênos (romanization)
λήνους (genitive)
λήνεος (genitive)
τὸ λῆνος (nominative singular)
τὼ λήνει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λήνη (nominative plural)
τοῦ λήνους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λήνει (dative singular)
τοῖν ληνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λήνεσῐ (dative plural)
λήνεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs lḗnesi (dative plural)
toîs lḗnesin (dative plural)
τὸ λῆνος (accusative singular)
τὼ λήνει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λήνη (accusative plural)
λῆνος (singular vocative)
λήνει (dual vocative)
λήνη (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wlḗnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognate with Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā), Latin lāna, Old English wull (whence English wool).


ὑφή

ῠ̔φή • (huphḗ) f (genitive ῠ̔φῆς); first declension

ῠ̔φή (canonical)
huphḗ (romanization)
ῠ̔φῆς (genitive)
ἡ ῠ̔φή (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔φᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔φαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔φῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔φαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔φῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔φῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔φαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔φαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔φήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔φᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔φᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔φή (singular vocative)
ῠ̔φᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ῠ̔φαί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to weave, braid”), possibly via ὑφαίνω (huphaínō, “I weave”). Cognates include Old English webb (English web).


πέπλος

grc-noun

πέπλος • (péplos) m (genitive πέπλου); second declension

péplos (romanization)
πέπλου (genitive)
ὁ πέπλος (nominative singular)
τὼ πέπλω (dual nominative)
οἱ πέπλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέπλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέπλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πέπλων (genitive plural)
τῷ πέπλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέπλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέπλοις (dative plural)
τὸν πέπλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πέπλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πέπλους (accusative plural)
πέπλε (singular vocative)
πέπλω (dual vocative)
πέπλοι (plural vocative)

→ English: peplos

desc

Greek: πέπλος m (péplos), πέπλο n (péplo)

→ Italian: peplo

Maybe a reduplicated formation from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to fold”) and so cognate with the Ancient Greek suffix -πλόος (-plóos).

any woven cloth used for a covering, sheet, carpet, curtain, veil

upper garment or full-length mantle in one piece, worn by women

(at Athens) embroidered robe carried in procession at the Panathenaea

(less frequent) man's robe or cloak, especially of long Persian dresses


ῥάφυς

grc-noun

ῥᾰ́φῠς • (rháphus) f (genitive ῥᾰ́φῠος); third declension

ῥᾰ́φῠς (canonical)
rháphus (romanization)
ῥᾰ́φῠος (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾰ́φῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́φῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾰ́φῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾰ́φῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰφῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾰφῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾰ́φῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
ῥᾰ́φυι (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰφῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾰ́φῠσῐ (dative plural)
ῥᾰ́φῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs rháphusi (dative plural)
taîs rháphusin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾰ́φῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́φῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰ́φῡς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́φῠᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́φῠ (singular vocative)
ῥᾰ́φῠε (dual vocative)
ῥᾰ́φῠες (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of ῥάπυς (rhápus, “turnip”)


ἀρνός

head

ἀρνός • (arnós)


ἀρνός

grc-noun

ἀρνός • (arnós) m (genitive ἀρνοῦ); second declension

arnós (romanization)
ἀρνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀρνός (nominative singular)
οἱ ἀρνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρνοῦ (genitive singular)
τῶν ἀρνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖς ἀρνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀρνόν (accusative singular)
τοὺς ἀρνούς (accusative plural)
ἀρνέ (singular vocative)
ἀρνοί (plural vocative)

Aesop 274

Aesop 296.100b

E Gen α.1209

(Koine, Byzantine) Synonym of ἀρήν (arḗn)


ῥόμος

ῥόμος • (rhómos) m (genitive ῥόμου); second declension

rhómos (romanization)
ῥόμου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόμους (accusative plural)
ῥόμε (singular vocative)
ῥόμω (dual vocative)
ῥόμοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis. Cognates include Latin vermis, Russian ве́рмие (vérmije), Albanian rrime, and Old English wyrm (English worm).


βουνιάς

βουνιάς • (bouniás) f (genitive βουνιάδος); third declension

bouniás (romanization)
βουνιάδος (genitive)
ἡ βουνῐᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ βουνῐᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ βουνῐᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς βουνῐᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουνῐᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουνῐᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βουνῐᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουνῐᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βουνῐᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
βουνῐᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs bouniási (dative plural)
taîs bouniásin (dative plural)
τὴν βουνῐᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουνῐᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουνῐᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
βουνῐᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
βουνῐᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
βουνῐᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

q

→? Arabic: بُوشَاد (būšād), بُرْشَاد (buršād), بُورْشَاد (būršād), بُوشْيَاد (būšyād) (a word quoted after lost authors in medieval herbaries and drugbooks and reckoned “Persian”, after Vullers mayhaps mutilated from Dioskurides)

→ Latin: būnias

From βουνός (bounós, “hill”) + -ιάς (-iás).

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual


ὄχος

grc-noun

ὄχος • (ókhos) m (genitive ὄχου); second declension

ókhos (romanization)
ὄχου (genitive)
ὁ ὄχος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄχω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄχων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄχοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄχον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄχους (accusative plural)
ὄχε (singular vocative)
ὄχω (dual vocative)
ὄχοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wókʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *wóǵʰos, from *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀏 (wo-ka /wokʰa/, “vehicle”), Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha), Old Church Slavonic возъ (vozŭ). Also see ὀχέω (okhéō, “to carry”) and Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to carry, bear”).


σορός

grc-noun

σορός • (sorós) f (genitive σοροῦ); second declension

sorós (romanization)
σοροῦ (genitive)
ἡ σορός (nominative singular)
τὼ σορώ (dual nominative)
αἱ σοροί (nominative plural)
τῆς σοροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σοροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σορῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σοροῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σοροῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σορόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σορώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σορούς (accusative plural)
σορέ (singular vocative)
σορώ (dual vocative)
σοροί (plural vocative)

Greek: σορός (sorós)

From Proto-Indo-European *tworHos, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to enclose”). Cognate to Proto-Slavic *tvȏrъ (“creature”) and Proto-Slavic *tvoriti (“to make”).

der

a vessel for holding human remains, specifically:


ῥάπυς

grc-noun

ῥᾰ́πῠς • (rhápus) f (genitive ῥᾰ́πῠος); third declension

ῥᾰ́πῠς (canonical)
rhápus (romanization)
ῥᾰ́πῠος (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾰ́πῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́πῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾰ́πῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾰ́πῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰπῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾰπῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾰ́πῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
ῥᾰ́πυι (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰπῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾰ́πῠσῐ (dative plural)
ῥᾰ́πῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhápusi (dative plural)
taîs rhápusin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾰ́πῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́πῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰ́πῡς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́πῠᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́πῠ (singular vocative)
ῥᾰ́πῠε (dual vocative)
ῥᾰ́πῠες (plural vocative)

A number of similar words for turnip exist in European languages, but inconsistencies lend to the idea of multiple borrowings, rather than a Proto-Indo-European origin. Compare Latin rapus, Old High German ruoba, Lithuanian rópė. Also see ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage”). Compare, however, Albanian rrapë, which supposedly comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps (“radish, rape”).


ἅρπη

ἅρπη • (hárpē) f (genitive ἅρπης); first declension

hárpē (romanization)
ἅρπης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́ρπη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔́ρπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̔́ρπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔́ρπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔́ρπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔ρπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔́ρπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔́ρπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̔́ρπαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́ρπην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔́ρπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔́ρπᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́ρπη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρπᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρπαι (plural vocative)

English: harpe

desc

Greek: αρπακτικό n (arpaktikó, “bird of prey, predator”)

αρπακτικός (arpaktikós, “predatory, rapacious”)

αρπακτικότητα

αρπακτικότητα f (arpaktikótita, “rapacity”)

Latin: harpē

Catalan: arpa

Italian: arpa

Occitan: arpa

Sicilian: arpa

Uncertain, but usually connected with ἁρπάζω (harpázō). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *srp- (“to reap, harvest; sickle”), with cognates including Latin sarpō, Old Church Slavonic срьпъ (srĭpŭ, “sickle”), and Latvian sirpis. However, there are some difficulties with these connections; for one, *sr̥p- is expected to yield Ancient Greek *ῥαπ- (*rhap-), not ἅρπ- (hárp-). There is possibly a contamination with a Semitic borrowing, Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-.

cog

a bird of prey, hawk, falcon, tiercel or goshawk (falco gentilis)


πλευρά

grc-noun

πλευρᾱ́ • (pleurā́) f (genitive πλευρᾶς); first declension

πλευρᾱ́ (canonical)
pleurā́ (romanization)
πλευρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ πλευρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλευραί (nominative plural)
τῆς πλευρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλευραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλευρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλευρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλευραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλευραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πλευρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλευρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πλευρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
πλευρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πλευραί (plural vocative)

→ Medieval Latin: pleura

→ English: pleura

→ French: pleura

→ Italian: pleura

→ Portuguese: pleura

→ Spanish: pleura

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connections with πλάξ (pláx, “flat object, plate”) (< *plk-) and παλάμη (palámē, “palm”) (< *plh₂-em-eh₂-), via an unattested *πλῆ-ϝαρ (*plê-war), suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). The semantics seem reasonable; however, the morphological formation is unclear.
An alternative theory, deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *pnew-reh₂, from *pnew- (“to breath”), would leave the lambdacism (ν (n) > λ (l)) unexplained (although compare πλεύμων (pleúmōn, “lung”)), in addition to being semantically farfetched (the "lung membrane" meaning appears to be a much later innovation in the English borrowing that was never present in Greek), particularly when compared to the connection with *pleh₂-.

(usually in the plural) A side of a man or animal.

(geometry) A line that forms the side of a triangle or other two-dimensional figure.

A side of a rectangle; (mathematics) one factor of any product.

350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 8.17.11

A side of a square of a cube; (mathematics) a root of a square of a cubic number.

350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 7.17


μέδος

head

μέδος • (médos) m

Likely represents a Slavic or Germanic word (if the latter, probably Gothic or a related East Germanic dialect); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Ἐχορηγοῦντο δὲ ἡμῖν κατὰ κώμας τροφαὶ, ἀντὶ μὲν σίτου κέγχρος, ἀντὶ δὲ οἴνου ὁ μέδος ἐπιχωρίως καλούμενος.

Refreshments were supplied to us in the villages, with grain being called 'millet', and wine 'mead', according to the local tradition.

Ekhorēgoûnto dè hēmîn katà kṓmas trophaì, antì mèn sítou kénkhros, antì dè oínou ho médos epikhōríōs kaloúmenos.


παῦσις

grc-noun

παῦσῐς • (paûsis) f (genitive παύσεως); third declension

παῦσῐς (canonical)
paûsis (romanization)
παύσεως (genitive)
ἡ παῦσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ παύσει (dual nominative)
αἱ παύσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς παύσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν παυσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παύσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ παύσει (dative singular)
τοῖν παυσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς παύσεσῐ (dative plural)
παύσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs paúsesi (dative plural)
taîs paúsesin (dative plural)
τὴν παῦσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ παύσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παύσεις (accusative plural)
παῦσῐ (singular vocative)
παύσει (dual vocative)
παύσεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pausa (see there for further descendants)

Greek: παύση (páfsi)

From παύω (paúō, “stop, end”) + -σῐς (-sis).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Jeremiah 31.2


λεχώ

λεχώ • (lekhṓ) f (genitive λεχόος or λεχοῦς); third declension

lekhṓ (romanization)
λεχόος (genitive)
λεχοῦς (genitive)
ἡ λεχώ (nominative singular)
τῆς λεχόος (genitive singular)
λεχοῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ λεχοῖ (dative singular)
τὴν λεχώ (accusative singular)
λεχοῖ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

λεχόος/λεχοῦς

Greek: λεχώνα (lechóna)

a woman in childbed, or one who has just given birth


λοχέος

grc-noun

λοχέος • (lokhéos) m (genitive λοχέου); second declension

lokhéos (romanization)
λοχέου (genitive)
ὁ λοχέος (nominative singular)
τὼ λοχέω (dual nominative)
οἱ λοχέοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λοχέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοχέων (genitive plural)
τῷ λοχέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λοχέοις (dative plural)
τὸν λοχέον (accusative singular)
τὼ λοχέω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λοχέους (accusative plural)
λοχέε (singular vocative)
λοχέω (dual vocative)
λοχέοι (plural vocative)

Alternative form of λόχος (lókhos, “ambush”)


κλών

κλών • (klṓn) m (genitive κλωνός); third declension

klṓn (romanization)
κλωνός (genitive)
ὁ κλών (nominative singular)
τὼ κλῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κλῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλωνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλωνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κλωνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλωνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλωσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλωσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs klōsí (dative plural)
toîs klōsín (dative plural)
τὸν κλῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κλών (singular vocative)
κλῶνε (dual vocative)
κλῶνες (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Probably related to κλάδος (kládos, “branch, twig”) and κλαστός (klastós, “broken off”), as in clastic.


λάταξ

λᾰ́τᾰξ • (látax) f (genitive λᾰ́τᾰγος); third declension

λᾰ́τᾰξ (canonical)
látax (romanization)
λᾰ́τᾰγος (genitive)
ἡ λᾰ́τᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́τᾰγε (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰ́τᾰγες (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰ́τᾰγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰτᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰτᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰ́τᾰγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰτᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰ́τᾰξῐ (dative plural)
λᾰ́τᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs látaxi (dative plural)
taîs látaxin (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰ́τᾰγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́τᾰγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰ́τᾰγᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́τᾰξ (singular vocative)
λᾰ́τᾰγε (dual vocative)
λᾰ́τᾰγες (plural vocative)

→? Latin: latex (see there for further descendants)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *lat- (“wet, damp; swamp”) or Pre-Greek through an intermediary source such as Illyrian. Compare Albanian Albanian lag from Proto-Albanian *lauga.

der

(usually in the plural) the drops of wine in the bottom of the cup which were thrown into a basin with a splash


βρότος

grc-noun

βρότος • (brótos) m (genitive βρότου); second declension

brótos (romanization)
βρότου (genitive)
ὁ βρότος (nominative singular)
τοῦ βρότου (genitive singular)
τῷ βρότῳ (dative singular)
τὸν βρότον (accusative singular)
βρότε (singular vocative)

Uncertain.
Perhaps related to Sanskrit मूर्त (mūrtá-, “clotted, coagulated”) (related to the verb मूर्छति (mūrchati, “to congeal, thicken, become solid, stiffen”); see मूर्छ् (mūrch) for more), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥H-tó-, but this requires an unexplained loss of the laryngeal.
Various attempts to link this term with βροτός (brotós) and ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos) have been made; Frisk and Beekes following him reject these as improbable. Schulze proposes a common origin with ἀμφιβρότη (amphibrótē, “covering the body on all sides”) from an unattested *βροτόν (*brotón, “body”) which may be further related to Sanskrit मूर्ति (mū́rti-, “body, figure, form”); this is also rejected.


λάκκος

grc-noun

λᾰ́κκος • (lákkos) m (genitive λᾰ́κκου); second declension

λᾰ́κκος (canonical)
lákkos (romanization)
λᾰ́κκου (genitive)
ὁ λᾰ́κκος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́κκω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́κκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰ́κκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́κκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰ́κκων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰ́κκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́κκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰ́κκοις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́κκον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́κκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰ́κκους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́κκε (singular vocative)
λᾰ́κκω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́κκοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *lə́kwos, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus. Cognates include Latin lacus, Old Irish loch, and Old English lagu (English lay).


βουνός

βουνός • (bounós) m (genitive βουνοῦ); second declension

bounós (romanization)
βουνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βουνός (nominative singular)
τὼ βουνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βουνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βουνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βουνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βουνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουνούς (accusative plural)
βουνέ (singular vocative)
βουνώ (dual vocative)
βουνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βουνό (vounó)

Mariupol Greek: вуно́ (vunó)

According to Herodotus, a Cyrenaic word; however, more recent research by Solmsen indicates a dialectal Doric origin instead. Based on variants of the related βουνιάς (bouniás, “Brassica napus”), such as μουνιάς (mouniás) and μουνιαδικόν (mouniadikón), Furnee takes the word as Pre-Greek and compares Basque muno (“hill”), apparently from the same substrate source.


μάννος

μάννος • (mánnos) m (genitive μάννου); second declension

mánnos (romanization)
μάννου (genitive)
ὁ μᾰ́ννος (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́ννω (dual nominative)
τοὶ μᾰ́ννοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰ́ννοιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ννοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰ́ννων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰ́ννῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ννοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰ́ννοις (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰ́ννον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́ννω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰ́ννους (accusative plural)
μᾰ́ννε (singular vocative)
μᾰ́ννω (dual vocative)
μᾰ́ννοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mono- (“neck”).


λέχος

λέχος • (lékhos) n (genitive λέχους or λέχεος); third declension

lékhos (romanization)
λέχους (genitive)
λέχεος (genitive)
τὸ λέχος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέχει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λέχη (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέχους (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λέχει (dative singular)
τοῖν λεχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέχεσῐ (dative plural)
λέχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs lékhesi (dative plural)
toîs lékhesin (dative plural)
τὸ λέχος (accusative singular)
τὼ λέχει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λέχη (accusative plural)
λέχος (singular vocative)
λέχει (dual vocative)
λέχη (plural vocative)
λέχος (nominative singular)
λέχει (dual nominative)
λέχεε (dual nominative)
λέχεᾰ (nominative plural)
λέχεος (genitive singular)
λέχευς (genitive singular)
λεχέοιν (dual genitive)
λεχέων (genitive plural)
λέχει (dative singular)
λέχεῐ̈ (dative singular)
λεχέοιν (dative dual)
λεχέεσσῐ (dative plural)
λεχέεσσῐν (dative plural)
lekhéessi (dative plural)
lekhéessin (dative plural)
λέχος (accusative singular)
λέχει (accusative dual)
λέχεε (accusative dual)
λέχεᾰ (accusative plural)
λέχος (singular vocative)
λέχει (dual vocative)
λέχεε (dual vocative)
λέχεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *légʰos, from *legʰ-, whence also λέχομαι (lékhomai). Cognates include Russian лог (log, “cleft, valley”), Polish odłóg, and Albanian lagje.


χίμαρος

χῐ́μᾰρος • (khímaros) m (genitive χῐμᾰ́ρου); second declension

χῐ́μᾰρος (canonical)
khímaros (romanization)
χῐμᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ χῐ́μᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ χῐμᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ χῐ́μᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῐμᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῐμᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῐμᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ χῐμᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῐμᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῐμᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν χῐ́μᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ χῐμᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῐμᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
χῐ́μᾰρε (singular vocative)
χῐμᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
χῐ́μᾰροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰímər, R-stem derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeym- (“winter, snow”), complementing the n-stem reflex found in χειμών (kheimṓn). Perhaps originally meaning "winter/year-old (goat)".

der

a young he-goat (following an ἔριφος (ériphos))


ἀγχίλωψ

grc-noun

ἀγχίλωψ • (ankhílōps) m (genitive ἀγχίλωπος); third declension

ankhílōps (romanization)
ἀγχίλωπος (genitive)
ὁ ἀγχίλωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγχίλωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀγχίλωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγχίλωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγχιλώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγχιλώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγχίλωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγχιλώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγχίλωψῐ (dative plural)
ἀγχίλωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs ankhílōpsi (dative plural)
toîs ankhílōpsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἀγχίλωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγχίλωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγχίλωπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀγχίλωψ (singular vocative)
ἀγχίλωπε (dual vocative)
ἀγχίλωπες (plural vocative)

Has been proposed to derive from ἄγχι (ánkhi, “near”) or ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I squeeze, strangle”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin; compare αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps) in the sense of “lachrymal fistula”.

a swelling which obstructs the lachrymal duct


μῆνιγξ

μῆνῐγξ • (mêninx) f (genitive μήνῐγγος); third declension

μῆνῐγξ (canonical)
mêninx (romanization)
μήνῐγγος (genitive)
ἡ μῆνῐγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ μήνῐγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ μήνῐγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς μήνῐγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηνῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηνῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ μήνῐγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηνῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μήνῐγξῐ (dative plural)
μήνῐγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs mḗninxi (dative plural)
taîs mḗninxin (dative plural)
τὴν μήνῐγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μήνῐγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μήνῐγγᾰς (accusative plural)
μῆνῐγξ (singular vocative)
μήνῐγγε (dual vocative)
μήνῐγγες (plural vocative)

⇒ Latin: mēninga

→ New Latin: mēninx

→ English: meninx

The semantic parallel with words like Latin membrāna (“membrane”) and Balto-Slavic words like Latvian miesa (“flesh”), Russian мя́со (mjáso, “meat”) and Polish mięso (“meat”), all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *mems- (“flesh, meat”), is striking. However, this word cannot be combined with them. The unexplained -ν-, together with the suffix -ιγγ-, clearly points to a Pre-Greek word.

cog

(in general) membrane, cuticle
membrane of the eye

(in general) membrane, cuticle
drum of the ear, eardrum

membrane enclosing the brain, dura mater

(in general) membrane, cuticle
scum on milk


μόρον

grc-noun

μόρον • (móron) n (genitive μόρου); second declension

móron (romanization)
μόρου (genitive)
τὸ μόρον (nominative singular)
τὼ μόρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μόρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μόροις (dative plural)
τὸ μόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μόρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μόρᾰ (accusative plural)
μόρον (singular vocative)
μόρω (dual vocative)
μόρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μούρο (moúro)

→ Latin: mōrum

→? Turkish: mor (“purple”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mórom (“mulberry, blackberry”). Compare Middle Irish merenn (“mulberry”), Welsh merwydden, Old Armenian մոր (mor, “blackberry”).


λοῦσις

grc-noun

λοῦσῐς • (loûsis) f (genitive λούσεως); third declension

λοῦσῐς (canonical)
loûsis (romanization)
λούσεως (genitive)
ἡ λοῦσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λούσει (dual nominative)
αἱ λούσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς λούσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν λουσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λούσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ λούσει (dative singular)
τοῖν λουσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λούσεσῐ (dative plural)
λούσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs loúsesi (dative plural)
taîs loúsesin (dative plural)
τὴν λοῦσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ λούσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λούσεις (accusative plural)
λοῦσῐ (singular vocative)
λούσει (dual vocative)
λούσεις (plural vocative)

⇒ Italian: gastrolusi, pirolusite

From λούω (loúō, “I bathe”) + -σις (-sis).


μύλη

μῠ́λη • (múlē) f (genitive μῠ́λης); first declension

μῠ́λη (canonical)
múlē (romanization)
μῠ́λης (genitive)
ἡ μῠ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν μῠ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠ́λη (singular vocative)
μῠ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

⇒ New Latin: mylohȳoīdēs, mylohȳoīdeus

→ English: mylohyoid, mylohyoideus

From Proto-Hellenic *mólā, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”). Doublet of μῠ́λος (múlos). Cognate with Latin mola, English meal, maelstrom.


αἴγιλος

grc-noun

αἴγῐλος • (aígilos) f (genitive αἰγῐ́λου); second declension

αἴγῐλος (canonical)
aígilos (romanization)
αἰγῐ́λου (genitive)
ἡ αἴγῐλος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́λω (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴγῐλοι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰγῐ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῐ́λων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰγῐ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́λοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰγῐ́λοις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴγῐλον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγῐ́λους (accusative plural)
αἴγῐλε (singular vocative)
αἰγῐ́λω (dual vocative)
αἴγῐλοι (plural vocative)

From αἴξ (aíx, “goat”). Considered present in the toponym Ancient Greek Αἴγιλα f (Aígila), Αἰγιλία f (Aigilía) which is also attested as Mycenaean Greek 𐁀𐀑𐀨 (ha-ki-ra) in Na 856.

Alternative form of αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “haver-grass”)


μυῖα

μυῖᾰ • (muîa) f (genitive μυίᾱς); first declension

μυῖᾰ (canonical)
muîa (romanization)
μυίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μυῖᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μυίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μυῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μυίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μυίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μυιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μυίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μυίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μυίαις (dative plural)
τὴν μυῖᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μυίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μυίᾱς (accusative plural)
μυῖᾰ (singular vocative)
μυίᾱ (dual vocative)
μυῖαι (plural vocative)

English: myiasis

Greek: μύγα (mýga)

Mariupol Greek: мя́на (mjána)

desctree

Pontic Greek: μυία (myía), μυίγι̮α (myígi̮a), μυιμυίγι̮α (myimyígi̮a)
→ Turkish: miya

From Proto-Indo-European *mu-, *mew-, whence also Latin musca, Old Church Slavonic моуха (muxa), Old Armenian մուն (mun), Albanian mizë, Latvian muša, Old English mycg (English midge).


μῆχος

grc-noun

μῆχος • (mêkhos) n (genitive μήχους or μήχεος); third declension

mêkhos (romanization)
μήχους (genitive)
μήχεος (genitive)
τὸ μῆχος (nominative singular)
τὼ μήχει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μήχη (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήχους (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μήχει (dative singular)
τοῖν μηχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήχεσῐ (dative plural)
μήχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mḗkhesi (dative plural)
toîs mḗkhesin (dative plural)
τὸ μῆχος (accusative singular)
τὼ μήχει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μήχη (accusative plural)
μῆχος (singular vocative)
μήχει (dual vocative)
μήχη (plural vocative)
μῆχος (nominative singular)
μήχει (dual nominative)
μήχεε (dual nominative)
μήχεᾰ (nominative plural)
μήχεος (genitive singular)
μήχευς (genitive singular)
μηχέοιν (dual genitive)
μηχέων (genitive plural)
μήχει (dative singular)
μήχεῐ̈ (dative singular)
μηχέοιν (dative dual)
μήχεσῐ (dative plural)
μήχεσῐν (dative plural)
mḗkhesi (dative plural)
mḗkhesin (dative plural)
μῆχος (accusative singular)
μήχει (accusative dual)
μήχεε (accusative dual)
μήχεᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆχος (singular vocative)
μήχει (dual vocative)
μήχεε (dual vocative)
μήχεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ μῆχος (nominative singular)
τὼ μήχει (dual nominative)
μήχεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μήχεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήχεος (genitive singular)
μήχευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηχέων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήχει (dative singular)
μήχεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν μήχεσῐ (dative plural)
μήχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi mḗkhesi (dative plural)
toîsi mḗkhesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ μῆχος (accusative singular)
τὼ μήχει (accusative dual)
μήχεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μήχεᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆχος (singular vocative)
μήχει (dual vocative)
μήχεε (dual vocative)
μήχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”). See also Μάγος (Mágos).


μανιάκης

grc-noun

μᾰνῐᾰ́κης • (maniákēs) m (genitive μᾰνῐᾰ́κου); first declension

μᾰνῐᾰ́κης (canonical)
maniákēs (romanization)
μᾰνῐᾰ́κου (genitive)
ὁ μᾰνῐᾰ́κης (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰνῐᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰνῐᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰνῐᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰνῐᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰνῐᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰνῐᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰνῐᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰνῐᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
μᾰνῐᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰνῐᾰ́και (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: մանեակ (maneak)
→ Armenian: մանյակ (manyak) (learned)
→ Old Georgian: მანიაკი (maniaḳi)

Formation like μανδάκης (mandákēs) and καυνάκης (kaunákēs). Usually considered to be a Gaulish word, with cognates in Latin monīle (“necklace, collar”) and Proto-Germanic *manją (“collar”). Relation with μόναπος (mónapos, “aurochs”) seems improbable. It is now thought that the other Indo-European languages must have acquired the word from the same source as Greek.
Rüdiger Schmitt connects Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (zaranu-maⁱni, “with golden collar”), and Walther Hinz proposes a derivation from Old Persian *manyaka (“necklace”), from a common Indo-Iranian root *mani (“necklace”).
The variants μάννος (mánnos), μόννος (mónnos) point to a non-Indo-European origin: geminate -νν-, interchange α/ο and presence of a suffix -ιακ-.
Still, the origin remains unclear.

cog

𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌

unk

unclear

necklace, torc, armlet, worn of gold by Persians and Gauls


γέρων

grc-noun

γέρων • (gérōn) m (genitive γέροντος); third declension

gérōn (romanization)
γέροντος (genitive)
ὁ γέρων (nominative singular)
τὼ γέροντε (dual nominative)
οἱ γέροντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ γέροντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γερόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γερόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ γέροντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γερόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γέρουσῐ (dative plural)
γέρουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gérousi (dative plural)
toîs gérousin (dative plural)
τὸν γέροντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γέροντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς γέροντᾰς (accusative plural)
γέρον (singular vocative)
γέροντε (dual vocative)
γέροντες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: γέροντας (gérontas), γέρος (géros)

→ English: geronto-

→ French: géronto-

→ Italian: geronto-

From Proto-Hellenic *géronts, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵérh₂onts (“old”). Cognates include Sanskrit जरत् (járan, “old man”), Old Armenian ծերուն (cerun), and Irish géaraid (“champion”).

(in the plural) elders, i.e. a ruling or advisory council


χίμαιρα

grc-noun

χῐ́μαιρᾰ • (khímaira) f (genitive χῐμαίρᾱς); first declension

χῐ́μαιρᾰ (canonical)
khímaira (romanization)
χῐμαίρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χῐ́μαιρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χῐμαίρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χῐ́μαιραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χῐμαίρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῐμαίραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῐμαιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χῐμαίρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῐμαίραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χῐμαίραις (dative plural)
τὴν χῐ́μαιρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῐμαίρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χῐμαίρᾱς (accusative plural)
χῐ́μαιρᾰ (singular vocative)
χῐμαίρᾱ (dual vocative)
χῐ́μαιραι (plural vocative)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.181

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 322

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 232

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.2.12

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.2.20

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of Sparta 13.8

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 445

Eustathius 1625.34, (Compare Aristotle, History of Animals 3.21.5)


μανιάκιον

μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐον • (maniákion) n (genitive μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ου); second declension

μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐον (canonical)
maniákion (romanization)
μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐον (singular vocative)
μᾰνῐᾰκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μᾰνῐᾰ́κῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From μανιάκης (maniákēs, “necklace, torc”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


βροτός

grc-noun

βροτός • (brotós) m or f (genitive βροτοῦ); second declension

brotós (romanization)
βροτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βροτός (nominative singular)
τὼ βροτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βροτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βροτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βροτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βροτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βροτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βροτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βροτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βροτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βροτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βροτούς (accusative plural)
βροτέ (singular vocative)
βροτώ (dual vocative)
βροτοί (plural vocative)
βροτός (nominative singular)
βροτώ (dual nominative)
βροτοί (nominative plural)
βροτοῦ (genitive singular)
βροτοῖο (genitive singular)
βροτόο (genitive singular)
βροτοῖῐν (dual genitive)
βροτῶν (genitive plural)
βροτῷ (dative singular)
βροτοῖῐν (dative dual)
βροτοῖσῐ (dative plural)
βροτοῖσῐν (dative plural)
βροτοῖς (dative plural)
brotoîsi (dative plural)
brotoîsin (dative plural)
brotoîs (dative plural)
βροτόν (accusative singular)
βροτώ (accusative dual)
βροτούς (accusative plural)
βροτέ (singular vocative)
βροτώ (dual vocative)
βροτοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *mrətós, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós or *mr̥tós (“dead, mortal”), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”). Cognates include Sanskrit मृत (mṛtá), Old Armenian մարդ (mard), Latin mortuus, Old Church Slavonic мрътвъ (mrŭtvŭ), Persian مرد (mard) and Old English morþ.

ὢ πόποι, οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται.

[Zeus:] Alas, how mortals are always blaming the gods.

ṑ pópoi, hoîon dḗ nu theoùs brotoì aitióōntai.

(poetic) mortal man, human being (often in plural)


μύρμηξ

μύρμηξ • (múrmēx) m (genitive μύρμηκος); third declension

múrmēx (romanization)
μύρμηκος (genitive)
ὁ μύρμηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ μύρμηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ μύρμηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μύρμηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μυρμήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μυρμήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ μύρμηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μυρμήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μύρμηξῐ (dative plural)
μύρμηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs múrmēxi (dative plural)
toîs múrmēxin (dative plural)
τὸν μύρμηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μύρμηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μύρμηκᾰς (accusative plural)
μύρμηξ (singular vocative)
μύρμηκε (dual vocative)
μύρμηκες (plural vocative)

→ English: myrmeco-, -myrmex

Koine Greek: μυρμήκιον (murmḗkion) (from diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: μυρμήγκιν (murmḗnkin)

desctree

Greek: μυρμήγκι (myrmígki)
→ Albanian: merimangë
→ Aromanian: merimangã

desc

→ Latin: myrmecias, myrmecitis, myrmecium

Translingual: Myrmica, Myrmecia, Myrmex

From Proto-Indo-European *morwi-. Related to Old Armenian մրջիւն (mrǰiwn) and Latin formica and perhaps Sanskrit वल्मी (valmī). Despite the suffix -ηκ- (-ēk-), which typically indicates origin from Pre-Greek (cf. Beekes 2014), Beekes considers this to be a genuinely Indo-European term which underwent various tabooistic deformations, comparing Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis (“worm”) (see ῥόμος (rhómos, “wood-worm”)), and notes that similar forms with a velar suffix are found in other Indo-European cognates: Latin formīca (“ant”), Sanskrit वल्मीक (valmīka, “ant-hill”). Compare ὅρμικας pl (hórmikas, “ants”). βύρμαξ (búrmax) ~ βόρμαξ (bórmax) may be related as well.

a mythical gold-digging animal sometimes identified with ants


μάρη

grc-noun

μᾰ́ρη • (márē) f (genitive μᾰ́ρης); first declension

μᾰ́ρη (canonical)
márē (romanization)
μᾰ́ρης (genitive)
ἡ μᾰ́ρη (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰ́ρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰ́ρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰ́ρην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰ́ρη (singular vocative)
μᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Forssman doubts the authenticity of this word and Blanc supposes that the form was coined to explain εὐμαρής (eumarḗs). Former comparisons with Germanic and Celtic words, to be found in Frisk, are now obsolete. Mallory and Adams suggest Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-r̥ ~ *mh₂-én- (from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”)), comparing Latin manus, Hittite [script needed] (manii̯aḫḫ-ⁱ, “to distribute, entrust”).


λεία

grc-noun

λείᾱ • (leíā) f (genitive λείᾱς); first declension

λείᾱ (canonical)
leíā (romanization)
λείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λείαις (dative plural)
τὴν λείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λείᾱς (accusative plural)
λείᾱ (singular vocative)
λείᾱ (dual vocative)
λεῖαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w-. Cognates include Sanskrit लोत (lota), Latin lucrum and Proto-Germanic *launą.


λίνον

λῐ́νον • (línon) n (genitive λῐ́νου); second declension

λῐ́νον (canonical)
línon (romanization)
λῐ́νου (genitive)
τὸ λῐ́νον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῐ́νᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ λῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῐ́νᾰ (accusative plural)
λῐ́νον (singular vocative)
λῐ́νω (dual vocative)
λῐ́νᾰ (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Could be from Proto-Indo-European *linom, with cognates including Old Church Slavonic льнъ (lĭnŭ), Latin līnum, and Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein). However, the Latin and Germanic forms have a long i. Could also be a loanword to Latin and Ancient Greek which other languages borrowed.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual

anything made of flax:
cord, fishing line, thread

(figuratively) thread of destiny spun by the Fates

anything made of flax:
thread of destiny spun by the Fates

anything made of flax:
fishing net, hunting net

(in the plural) linen cloths or garments

anything made of flax:
linen cloths or garments

anything made of flax:
flax for spinning


ὄρος

ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους or οὔρεος); third declension

óros (romanization)
ὄρεος (genitive)
ὄρους (genitive)
οὔρεος (genitive)
τὸ ὄρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄρη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs óresi (dative plural)
toîs óresin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄρος (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄρη (accusative plural)
ὄρος (singular vocative)
ὄρει (dual vocative)
ὄρη (plural vocative)
τὸ ὄρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρει (dual nominative)
ὄρεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρεος (genitive singular)
ὄρευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρει (dative singular)
ὄρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ὄρεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi óresi (dative plural)
toîsi óresin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄρος (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρει (accusative dual)
ὄρεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄρεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄρος (singular vocative)
ὄρει (dual vocative)
ὄρεε (dual vocative)
ὄρεᾰ (plural vocative)
ὄρος (nominative singular)
ὄρει (dual nominative)
ὄρεε (dual nominative)
ὄρεᾰ (nominative plural)
ὄρεος (genitive singular)
ὄρευς (genitive singular)
ὄρεσφι (genitive singular)
ὀρέοιν (dual genitive)
ὀρέων (genitive plural)
ὄρεσφι (genitive plural)
ὄρει (dative singular)
ὄρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ὄρεσφι (dative singular)
ὀρέοιν (dative dual)
ὄρεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρεσῐν (dative plural)
ὄρεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρεσσῐν (dative plural)
ὄρεσφι (dative plural)
óresi (dative plural)
óresin (dative plural)
óressi (dative plural)
óressin (dative plural)
óresphi (dative plural)
ὄρος (accusative singular)
ὄρει (accusative dual)
ὄρεε (accusative dual)
ὄρεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄρος (singular vocative)
ὄρει (dual vocative)
ὄρεε (dual vocative)
ὄρεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὄρεος / ὄρευς / ὄρεσφι

ὄρει / ὄρεῐ̈ / ὄρεσφι

ὀρέων / ὄρεσφι

ὄρεσῐ(ν) / ὄρεσσῐ(ν) / ὄρεσφι

Greek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)

→ English: oro-

⇒ Italian: oro-

Either from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”), or possibly directly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃eros; either way, derived from the root *h₃er- (“to rise, spring, stir”).
Compare Sanskrit ऋष्व (ṛṣvá). Possibly related are the personal names Ὀρειάς (Oreiás), Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀩𐁀 (o-re-ha, “Oreās”), and Ὀρέστης (Oréstēs), Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀩𐀲 (o-re-ta, “Orestās”).
The sense "desert" is a semantic loan from Demotic tw (“mountain, desert”), from Egyptian ḏw (“mountain”).


νειός

grc-noun

νειός • (neiós) f (genitive νειοῦ); second declension

neiós (romanization)
νειοῦ (genitive)
ἡ νειός (nominative singular)
τὼ νειώ (dual nominative)
αἱ νειοί (nominative plural)
τῆς νειοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν νειοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νειῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν νειοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς νειοῖς (dative plural)
τὴν νειόν (accusative singular)
τὼ νειώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νειούς (accusative plural)
νειέ (singular vocative)
νειώ (dual vocative)
νειοί (plural vocative)


νεφρός

νεφρός • (nephrós) m (genitive νεφροῦ); second declension

nephrós (romanization)
νεφροῦ (genitive)
ὁ νεφρός (nominative singular)
τὼ νεφρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ νεφροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ νεφροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεφροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεφρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νεφρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεφροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νεφροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν νεφρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ νεφρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νεφρούς (accusative plural)
νεφρέ (singular vocative)
νεφρώ (dual vocative)
νεφροί (plural vocative)

→ English: nephros, nephro-

Greek: νεφρό (nefró) (neuter)

From Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Proto-Germanic *neurô.


ἀνεψιός

ᾰ̓νεψῐός • (anepsiós) m (genitive ᾰ̓νεψῐοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓νεψῐός (canonical)
anepsiós (romanization)
ᾰ̓νεψῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓νεψῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νεψῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓νεψῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νεψῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νεψῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νεψῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νεψῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νεψῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νεψῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓νεψῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νεψῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓νεψῐούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νεψῐέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νεψῐώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νεψῐοί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: ανιψιός (anipsiós), ανεψιός (anepsiós), ανηψιός (anipsiós), ⇒ ανίψι (anípsi)

desctree

Pontic Greek: ανεψίος (anepsíos), ⇒ ανέψ̌ι (anépši), ανέψ̌ιν (anépšin) — Kerasounta, Oinoe, ανέψ̌' (anépš') — Ophitic, Santa, Trapezounta, Chaldia, ανέψι (anépsi) — Ophitic
→ Laz: ანიმსე (animse), ალიმსე (alimse) — Chanapeti, ანიფსე (anipse) — Vitse

From Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“male descendant”). Some have suggested that it reflects Proto-Indo-European *h₂népōts, due to the initial ἀ-. Alternatively, it results from the prefixation of *sm̥- (“one; together”) in Proto-Indo-European, but this is problematic, as that would yield *ἁνεψιός (*hanepsiós).


ναῦς

grc-noun

ναῦς • (naûs) f (genitive νεώς); third declension

naûs (romanization)
νεώς (genitive)
ἡ ναῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ νῆε (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆες (nominative plural)
τῆς νεώς (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νηΐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ναυσί (dative plural)
ναυσίν (dative plural)
taîs nausí (dative plural)
taîs nausín (dative plural)
τὴν ναῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ νῆε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ναῦς (accusative plural)
ναῦ (singular vocative)
νῆε (dual vocative)
νῆες (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ναῦς (nominative singular)
ταὶ νᾶες (nominative plural)
τᾶς νᾱός (genitive singular)
τᾶν νᾱῶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ νᾱΐ (dative singular)
ταῖς ναυσί (dative plural)
ναυσίν (dative plural)
νᾱ́εσσι (dative plural)
νᾱ́εσσιν (dative plural)
taîs nausí (dative plural)
taîs nausín (dative plural)
nā́essi (dative plural)
nā́essin (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ναῦν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς νᾶᾰς (accusative plural)
ναῦς (singular vocative)
νᾶες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ναυσί(ν), νᾱ́εσσι(ν)

Greek: ναυς (nafs)

From Proto-Hellenic *náus, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“boat”), cognate with Latin nāvis, Persian ناو (nâv), and Sanskrit नौ (nau, “ship”), नाव (nāva, “ship”). The earliest attested reference to the word is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀙𐀄𐀈𐀗 (na-u-do-mo, “shipbuilders”).


μόναπος

grc-noun

μόνᾰπος • (mónapos) m (genitive μονᾰ́που); second declension

μόνᾰπος (canonical)
mónapos (romanization)
μονᾰ́που (genitive)
ὁ μόνᾰπος (nominative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́πω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόνᾰποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μονᾰ́που (genitive singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́ποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονᾰ́πων (genitive plural)
τῷ μονᾰ́πῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́ποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μονᾰ́ποις (dative plural)
τὸν μόνᾰπον (accusative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́πω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μονᾰ́πους (accusative plural)
μόνᾰπε (singular vocative)
μονᾰ́πω (dual vocative)
μόνᾰποι (plural vocative)

From Paeonian, itself probably from Pre-Greek.


κῆδος

κῆδος • (kêdos) n (genitive κήδους or κήδεος); third declension

kêdos (romanization)
κήδους (genitive)
κήδεος (genitive)
τὸ κῆδος (nominative singular)
τὼ κήδει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κήδη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήδους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κήδει (dative singular)
τοῖν κηδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κήδεσῐ (dative plural)
κήδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kḗdesi (dative plural)
toîs kḗdesin (dative plural)
τὸ κῆδος (accusative singular)
τὼ κήδει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κήδη (accusative plural)
κῆδος (singular vocative)
κήδει (dual vocative)
κήδη (plural vocative)
κῆδος (nominative singular)
κήδει (dual nominative)
κήδεε (dual nominative)
κήδεᾰ (nominative plural)
κήδεος (genitive singular)
κήδευς (genitive singular)
κηδέοιν (dual genitive)
κηδέων (genitive plural)
κήδει (dative singular)
κήδεῐ̈ (dative singular)
κηδέοιν (dative dual)
κήδεσῐ (dative plural)
κήδεσῐν (dative plural)
kḗdesi (dative plural)
kḗdesin (dative plural)
κῆδος (accusative singular)
κήδει (accusative dual)
κήδεε (accusative dual)
κήδεᾰ (accusative plural)
κῆδος (singular vocative)
κήδει (dual vocative)
κήδεε (dual vocative)
κήδεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ κῆδος (nominative singular)
τὼ κήδει (dual nominative)
κήδεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κήδεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήδεος (genitive singular)
κήδευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηδέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηδέων (genitive plural)
τῷ κήδει (dative singular)
κήδεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηδέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν κήδεσῐ (dative plural)
κήδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi kḗdesi (dative plural)
toîsi kḗdesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ κῆδος (accusative singular)
τὼ κήδει (accusative dual)
κήδεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κήδεᾰ (accusative plural)
κῆδος (singular vocative)
κήδει (dual vocative)
κήδεε (dual vocative)
κήδεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kā́dos, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂dos, from *keh₂d-. Cognate with Old English hete (English hate).


λιμένας

grc-noun form

λῐμένᾰς • (liménas) m

λῐμένᾰς (canonical)
liménas (romanization)


φύλλων

φύλλων • (phúllōn)


φύλλα

φύλλᾰ • (phúlla)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of φύλλον (phúllon)


κύματος

κῡ́μᾰτος • (kū́matos)

κῡ́μᾰτος (canonical)
kū́matos (romanization)


κύματα

κῡ́μᾰτᾰ • (kū́mata)

κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (canonical)
kū́mata (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of κῦμᾰ (kûma)


κάλαμος

grc-noun

κᾰ́λᾰμος • (kálamos) m (genitive κᾰλᾰ́μου); second declension

κᾰ́λᾰμος (canonical)
kálamos (romanization)
κᾰλᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́λᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́λᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰλᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰλᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰλᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́λᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰλᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λᾰμε (singular vocative)
κᾰλᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λᾰμοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)

→ Arabic: قَلَم (qalam) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: qalam

→ Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)

desc

→ Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin) (> קלמר (kalmar))

→ Latin: calamus (see there for further descendants)

→ Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos (“reed, straw”) via its zero-grade stem (such as genitive *ḱl̥h₂mós, with a shift in accent to *ḱĺ̥h₂mos), or (according to Beekes) independently thematicized from an original ablauting paradigm *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-. Cognates include Latin culmus, Russian соло́ма (solóma), Old Norse halmr, and Old English healm (English haulm).

inh

anything made of reed or cane
staff, rod

anything made of reed or cane
measuring rod

anything made of reed or cane
shaft of an arrow

collectively, of plants, which are neither bush, nor tree


ἔλπος

head

ἔλπος • (élpos)

Unknown. The word has been proposed to descend from Proto-Indo-European *selp- (“fat, oil”), with cognates such as Sanskrit सर्पिस् (sarpis) and Old English sealf (English salve). However, the lack of the expected rough breathing and the alternation between voiced and voiceless aspirate (seen in the dialectal form ἔλφος (élphos)) suggest that it might be from a Pre-Greek source. Some have argued that the word is related to ὄλπη (ólpē, “oil flask”), which may or may not affect the proposed Proto-Indo-European origin.

(hapax) Hesychius gives the definition as: ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), στέαρ (stéar, “fat”), εὐθηνία (euthēnía, “abundance”)


πάτος

grc-noun

πᾰ́τος • (pátos) m (genitive πᾰ́του); second declension

πᾰ́τος (canonical)
pátos (romanization)
πᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́τοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́τον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́τε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́τοι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Clearly related to πατέω (patéō, “I walk, tread”), but which gave rise to which is less clear. It could be an old zero-grade variant of πόντος (póntos, “sea”), and if so, πατέω (patéō) would be the derivative. In this case, the words derive from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, walk; way”); cognates thus include Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬁 (pantā), Old Armenian հուն (hun), Proto-Germanic *paþaz, whence English path. However, Beekes and Chantraine express semantic doubts for the hypothetical sense development from "way, bath" (πάτος (pátos)) > "to tread" (πατέω (patéō)), as the latter appears to emphasize the individual movement of the legs; if these doubts are correct, then there is no other good etymology for the Greek terms.

der

step (movement of the foot), stepping, treading


πάτος

grc-noun

πάτος • (pátos) n (genitive πᾰ́τους); third declension

pátos (romanization)
πᾰ́τους (genitive)
τὸ πᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pátesi (dative plural)
toîs pátesin (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰ́τη (accusative plural)
πᾰ́τος (singular vocative)
πᾰ́τει (dual vocative)
πᾰ́τη (plural vocative)

Of uncertain origin. Has been connected with Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”) (whence πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, exert”)), while other theories take the word as a back-formation of πατέω (patéō, “to tread”) (and thus the same as Etymology 1), thus "what is tread" > "long garment reaching to the feet, train". Neither is particularly convincing nor unconvincing.


μέλκιον

head

μέλκιον • (mélkion)

Unknown. Only attested as a gloss in Hesychius.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-, with cognates such as Old Church Slavonic млѣко (mlěko), Lithuanian malkas, and Latvian malks.

μέλκιον· κρήνη. νύμφαι. παίγνιον

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Μ:


γωνία

γωνία • (gōnía) f

gōnía (romanization)
ἡ γωνίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γωνίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γωνίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γωνίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γωνίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γωνιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γωνίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γωνίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γωνίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γωνίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γωνίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γωνίᾱς (accusative plural)
γωνίᾱ (singular vocative)
γωνίᾱ (dual vocative)
γωνίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: γωνία (gonía)

→ Persian: گونیا (guniyâ) (or via Syriac)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گونیه (günye, gönye)
Turkish: gönye
→ Azerbaijani: günya
→ Romanian: ghiunie
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ђу̀нија
Latin script: đùnija

→ Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܝܐ (gōnyā)

From a derivative of γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“id”). The long ω (ō) is from the regular Doric development of an unattested *γονϝ-ία (*gonw-ía), as the paradigm of *ǵónu shows no lengthened grade (thus precluding a derivation from such an ablaut), while most mathematicians in Greek antiquity (who were most likely responsible for the word's formation) were Pythagorean (and thus wrote in Doric).


λαιός

grc-noun

λαιός • (laiós) m (genitive λαιοῦ); second declension

laiós (romanization)
λαιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λαιός (nominative singular)
τὼ λαιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λαιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λαιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λαιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λαιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λαιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λαιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λαιούς (accusative plural)
λαιέ (singular vocative)
λαιώ (dual vocative)
λαιοί (plural vocative)

From *λαιϝός, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos. Cognates include Latin laevus and Old Church Slavonic лѣвъ (lěvŭ).

Monticola solitarius
Monticola solitarius#Translingual

blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius (syn. Petrocichla cyanus)


κόστος

κόστος • (kóstos) m (genitive κόστου); second declension

kóstos (romanization)
κόστου (genitive)
ὁ κόστος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόστω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόστοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόστοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόστων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόστῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόστοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόστοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόστον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόστω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόστους (accusative plural)
κόστε (singular vocative)
κόστω (dual vocative)
κόστοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: costus

→ English: costus

→ Translingual: Costus

Saussurea costus
Saussurea costus#Translingual

costus (Saussurea costus), used as a spice