δόλος

grc-noun

δόλος • (dólos) m (genitive δόλου); second declension

dólos (romanization)
δόλου (genitive)
ὁ δόλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ δόλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ δόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν δόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δόλους (accusative plural)
δόλε (singular vocative)
δόλω (dual vocative)
δόλοι (plural vocative)
δόλος (nominative singular)
δόλω (dual nominative)
δόλοι (nominative plural)
δόλου (genitive singular)
δολοῖο (genitive singular)
δόλοιο (genitive singular)
δολόο (genitive singular)
δόλοο (genitive singular)
δόλοιῐν (dual genitive)
δόλων (genitive plural)
δόλῳ (dative singular)
δόλοιῐν (dative dual)
δόλοισῐ (dative plural)
δόλοισῐν (dative plural)
δόλοις (dative plural)
dóloisi (dative plural)
dóloisin (dative plural)
dólois (dative plural)
δόλον (accusative singular)
δόλω (accusative dual)
δόλους (accusative plural)
δόλε (singular vocative)
δόλω (dual vocative)
δόλοι (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *delH- (“to reckon”) (which de Vaan considers to be possibly the same root as *delh₁- (“to split”)), and compared with Latin dolus (“fraud, malice”), Oscan [script needed] (dolom, “intention, ruse”), Proto-Germanic *talō (“narration, assessment”) (whence Old English talu (“account reckoning”)), Hittite [script needed] (talliije/azi, “to pray to, evoke (a deity)”), and Old Armenian տող (toł, “line, row”).
Beekes is skeptical of most of these cognates except for the Italic terms (which he considers borrowed from Greek), and tentatively derives the Greek term from Pre-Greek.


κίσηρις

grc-noun

κῐ́σηρῐς • (kísēris) f (genitive κῐσήρεως); third declension

κῐ́σηρῐς (canonical)
kísēris (romanization)
κῐσήρεως (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́σηρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐσήρει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐσήρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐσήρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐσηρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐσήρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐσήρει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐσηρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐσήρεσῐ (dative plural)
κῐσήρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kisḗresi (dative plural)
taîs kisḗresin (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́σηρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐσήρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐσήρεις (accusative plural)
κῐ́σηρῐ (singular vocative)
κῐσήρει (dual vocative)
κῐσήρεις (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܝܣܘܪܐ

→ Arabic: قَيْشُور (qayšūr)

Furnée connects γεῖσον (geîson). Undoubtedly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the variation λ/ρ.


σπύραθος

σπύραθος • (spúrathos) m or f (genitive σπυράθου); second declension

spúrathos (romanization)
σπυράθου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ σπύραθος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπυράθω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ σπύραθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς σπυράθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπυράθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπυράθων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ σπυράθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπυράθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς σπυράθοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν σπύραθον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπυράθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς σπυράθους (accusative plural)
σπύραθε (singular vocative)
σπυράθω (dual vocative)
σπύραθοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to ὄνθος (ónthos), σπέλεθος (spélethos) and ψάμαθος (psámathos). Similar words are found in Lithuanian spìros (“droppings of goats”) and Icelandic sparð (“droppings”). The alternations could very well point to a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

(in the plural) droppings of goats and sheep


ὀξύκεδρος

grc-noun

ὀξύκεδρος • (oxúkedros) f (genitive ὀξυκέδρου); second declension

oxúkedros (romanization)
ὀξυκέδρου (genitive)
ἡ ὀξύκεδρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξυκέδρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξύκεδροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξυκέδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξυκέδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξυκέδρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξυκέδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξυκέδροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξυκέδροις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξύκεδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξυκέδρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξυκέδρους (accusative plural)
ὀξύκεδρε (singular vocative)
ὀξυκέδρω (dual vocative)
ὀξύκεδροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: oxycedros

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + κέδρος (kédros, “cedar”).

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual


πύνδαξ

πύνδᾰξ • (púndax) m (genitive πύνδᾰκος); third declension

πύνδᾰξ (canonical)
púndax (romanization)
πύνδᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ πῠ́νδᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́νδᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠ́νδᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠ́νδᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠνδᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠνδᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠ́νδᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠνδᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠ́νδᾰξῐ (dative plural)
πῠ́νδᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs púndaxi (dative plural)
toîs púndaxin (dative plural)
τὸν πῠ́νδᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́νδᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠ́νδᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠ́νδᾰξ (singular vocative)
πῠ́νδᾰκε (dual vocative)
πῠ́νδᾰκες (plural vocative)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn, the same root of πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom”) and Latin fundus (“bottom”). However the medial "-νδ-" is highly problematic, as well as the initial "π-" instead of "φ-" (since it was no longer followed by "θ").


ἀγρεῖφνα

ἀγρεῖφνα • (agreîphna) f (genitive ἀγρείφνᾱς); first declension

agreîphna (romanization)
ἀγρείφνᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀγρεῖφνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγρείφνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγρεῖφναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγρείφνᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγρείφναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγρειφνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγρείφνᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγρείφναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγρείφναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγρεῖφνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγρείφνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγρείφνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀγρεῖφνᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀγρείφνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀγρεῖφναι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the prothetic vowel and the suffix "-να" lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


θάψος

θᾰ́ψος • (thápsos) f (genitive θᾰ́ψου); second declension

θᾰ́ψος (canonical)
thápsos (romanization)
θᾰ́ψου (genitive)
ἡ θᾰ́ψος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́ψω (dual nominative)
αἱ θᾰ́ψοι (nominative plural)
τῆς θᾰ́ψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́ψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰ́ψων (genitive plural)
τῇ θᾰ́ψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́ψοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θᾰ́ψοις (dative plural)
τὴν θᾰ́ψον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́ψω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θᾰ́ψους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́ψε (singular vocative)
θᾰ́ψω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́ψοι (plural vocative)

Probably from Θάψος (Thápsos), because the plant was originally from this place.

Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria#Translingual


βάταλος

βᾱ́τᾰλος • (bā́talos) m (genitive βᾱτᾰ́λου); second declension

βᾱ́τᾰλος (canonical)
bā́talos (romanization)
βᾱτᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ βᾱ́τᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾱτᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾱ́τᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾱτᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾱτᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾱτᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾱτᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾱτᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾱτᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾱ́τᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾱτᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾱτᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
βᾱ́τᾰλε (singular vocative)
βᾱτᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
βᾱ́τᾰλοι (plural vocative)

There has been an attempt to link this word with βατέω (batéō, “to mount”) but the presence of the alternative forms dismisses this theory. Furnée correctly connects the word with σπάταλος (spátalos, “lewd, lascivious”), which indicates a common Pre-Greek origin.


κλήθρα

κλήθρα • (klḗthra) f (genitive κλήθρᾱς); first declension

klḗthra (romanization)
κλήθρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κλήθρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κλήθρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κλῆθραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κλήθρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλήθραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κληθρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλήθρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλήθραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλήθραις (dative plural)
τὴν κλήθρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλήθρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλήθρᾱς (accusative plural)
κλήθρᾱ (singular vocative)
κλήθρᾱ (dual vocative)
κλῆθραι (plural vocative)

Unclear. It has been connected with Tyrolese German Lutter (“green alder”). The suffix -θρη is from the same PIE root as -τρον.

unk

Unclear

Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa#Translingual


ἀφία

grc-noun

ἀφίᾱ • (aphíā) f (genitive ἀφίᾱς); first declension

ἀφίᾱ (canonical)
aphíā (romanization)
ἀφίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀφίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀφίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφίαι (plural vocative)

The connection with ἀφιέναι (aphiénai, “flowers”) is untenable. Krahe connects the word with Latin apium (“parsley”) but these are quite different plants. Furnée proposes a connection with ἄφρισσα (áphrissa, “dragonwort”) suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

Ficaria verna
Ficaria verna#Translingual


τευθίς

τευθῐ́ς • (teuthís) f (genitive τευθῐ́δος); third declension

τευθῐ́ς (canonical)
teuthís (romanization)
τευθῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ τευθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τευθῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τευθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τευθῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τευθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τευθῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
τευθῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs teuthísi (dative plural)
taîs teuthísin (dative plural)
τὴν τευθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τευθῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τευθῐ́ς (singular vocative)
τευθῐ́δε (dual vocative)
τευθῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Teuthis

→ Old Armenian: թիսիւր (tʻisiwr)

According to Beekes, the word could be Pre-Greek, in view of the variant and the meaning. Several unconvincing attempts have been made by Pokorny, who compares the word with Sanskrit दोधति (dodhati, “fierce, impetuous, turbulent”) and by Schindler, who assumes an original color term, like in the plant name τεύθριον (teúthrion).

cog

Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris#Translingual


ὀποπάναξ

grc-noun

ὀποπάναξ • (opopánax) m (genitive ὀποπάνᾰκος); third declension

opopánax (romanization)
ὀποπάνᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs opopánaxi (dative plural)
toîs opopánaxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξ (singular vocative)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (dual vocative)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκες (plural vocative)

Latin: opopanax

→ English: opopanax

→? Middle Armenian: ուպան (upan)

→ Translingual: Opopanax

From ὀπός (opós, “juice”) + πάναξ (pánax, “name of various healing plants”).


ὀστρύα

ὀστρύα • (ostrúa) f (genitive ὀστρύᾱς); first declension

ostrúa (romanization)
ὀστρύᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀστρῠ́ᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀστρῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀστρῠ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀστρῠ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀστρῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀστρῠ́ᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀστρῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀστρῠ́ᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀστρῠ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ostrya

→ Translingual: Ostrya

Frisk compares ὄστρεον (óstreon, “bivalve”) but the semantics are weak. Heubeck and Neumann suggest a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the enlargements in "-ύα", "-υΐς" and "-ύς".

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia#Translingual

common hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia)


κρότος

κρότος • (krótos) m (genitive κρότου); second declension

krótos (romanization)
κρότου (genitive)
ὁ κρότος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρότω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρότοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρότου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρότοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρότων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρότῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρότοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρότοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρότον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρότω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρότους (accusative plural)
κρότε (singular vocative)
κρότω (dual vocative)
κρότοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κρότος (krótos)

The verb κροτέω, κροτῶ (krotéō, krotô) has earlier and more frequent attestations. According to Beekes, the verb stems from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“shake”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hradjaną (“to loosen, set free, rescue, save”), Old High German redan (“to sieve”), Lithuanian krė̃sti (“to shake”), Proto-Slavic *krotiti (“to tame”).

cog

κρότος χειρῶν

rattling sound of hands, clapping, applause

γέλως καὶ κρότος


θριγκός

grc-noun

θριγκός • (thrinkós) m (genitive θριγκοῦ); second declension

thrinkós (romanization)
θριγκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θριγκός (nominative singular)
τὼ θριγκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θριγκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θριγκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θριγκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θριγκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θριγκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θριγκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θριγκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θριγκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θριγκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θριγκούς (accusative plural)
θριγκέ (singular vocative)
θριγκώ (dual vocative)
θριγκοί (plural vocative)

Greek: θριγκός (thrigkós)

According to Beekes, the word is undoubtedly from Pre-Greek.

(architecture) topmost course of stones in a wall, cornice, coping, frieze


ῥαφή

ῥᾰφή • (rhaphḗ) f (genitive ῥᾰφῆς); first declension

ῥᾰφή (canonical)
rhaphḗ (romanization)
ῥᾰφῆς (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾰφή (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾰφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾰφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾰφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾰφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾰφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰφή (singular vocative)
ῥᾰφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ῥᾰφαί (plural vocative)

Greek: ραφή (rafí)

→ New Latin: raphē

→ Catalan: rafe

→ English: raphe

→ Italian: rafe

From ῥᾰ́πτω (rháptō, “to sew together, stitch”) + -η (-ē, action noun suffix).

suffix

(anatomy) suture of the skull, the heart or other parts


κρόκη

grc-noun

κρόκη • (krókē) f (genitive κρόκης); first declension

krókē (romanization)
κρόκης (genitive)
ἡ κρόκη (nominative singular)
τὼ κρόκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κρόκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κρόκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρόκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κροκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κρόκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρόκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρόκαις (dative plural)
τὴν κρόκην (accusative singular)
τὼ κρόκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρόκᾱς (accusative plural)
κρόκη (singular vocative)
κρόκᾱ (dual vocative)
κρόκαι (plural vocative)

From κρέκω (krékō, “to weave”) + -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix). The former is from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“to weave”), see also Serbo-Croatian kresati, English reel.

affix

thread which is passed between the threads of the warp, woof


κρόκη

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂, and related to Sanskrit शर्कर (śarkara, “pebble, gravel; later, sugar”) or कृशन (kṛśana, “pearl”), though Beekes is doubtful.


ὀνόπορδον

grc-noun

ὀνόπορδον • (onópordon) n (genitive ὀνοπόρδου); second declension

onópordon (romanization)
ὀνοπόρδου (genitive)
τὸ ὀνόπορδον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνοπόρδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόπορδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνοπόρδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνοπόρδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνοπόρδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνοπόρδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνοπόρδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνοπόρδοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀνόπορδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνοπόρδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόπορδᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀνόπορδον (singular vocative)
ὀνοπόρδω (dual vocative)
ὀνόπορδᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Onopordum

From ὄνος (ónos, “donkey”) + the root of πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “to fart”).

Onopordum acanthium
Onopordum acanthium#Translingual


πρέμνον

πρέμνον • (prémnon) n (genitive πρέμνου); second declension

prémnon (romanization)
πρέμνου (genitive)
τὸ πρέμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρέμνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρέμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρέμνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρέμνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρέμνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρέμνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρέμνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρέμνοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρέμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρέμνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρέμνᾰ (accusative plural)
πρέμνον (singular vocative)
πρέμνω (dual vocative)
πρέμνᾰ (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Furnée assumes that is a variant of πρυμνός (prumnós, “hindmost, undermost”) and considers the word Pre-Greek.

unk

Unexplained

(botany) bottom of the trunk of a tree, stump


βάμβαξ

grc-noun

βάμβαξ • (bámbax) m (genitive βάμβακος); third declension

bámbax (romanization)
βάμβακος (genitive)
ὁ βάμβαξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (dual nominative)
οἱ βάμβακες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βάμβακος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαμβάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βάμβακῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βάμβαξῐ (dative plural)
βάμβαξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxi (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxin (dative plural)
τὸν βάμβακᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βάμβακᾰς (accusative plural)
βάμβαξ (singular vocative)
βάμβακε (dual vocative)
βάμβακες (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: βαμβάκιον (bambákion)

Greek: βαμβάκι (vamváki)

→ Medieval Latin: bombacium, bambacium, bombecium, bambecium

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: bambagia

desctree

Venetan: bonbaxo, bombàxo, bombàs
→ Cimbrian: bombaas
→ Slovene: bombaž

desc

→ Late Latin: bombax, bambax, bombix, bambix, *bombacum

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: Bambaci, Bombaci

Sicilian: Bammaci, Bummaci

Herodotus describes the word as Indian, while Theophrastus says that it was found near the Persian Gulf. From the same root are Middle Persian pmbk', Old Armenian բամբակ (bambak) and Ottoman Turkish پاموق (pamuk).


φαττάγης

grc-noun

φαττάγης • (phattágēs) m (genitive φαττάγου); first declension

phattágēs (romanization)
φαττάγου (genitive)
ὁ φαττάγης (nominative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ φαττάγαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαττάγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φατταγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φαττάγῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαττάγαις (dative plural)
τὸν φαττάγην (accusative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φαττάγᾱς (accusative plural)
φαττάγη (singular vocative)
φαττάγᾱ (dual vocative)
φαττάγαι (plural vocative)

The variants show that the word is Pre-Greek.


ἐριόξυλον

ἐρῐόξῠλον • (erióxulon) n (genitive ἐρῐοξύλου); second declension

ἐρῐόξῠλον (canonical)
erióxulon (romanization)
ἐρῐοξύλου (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῐόξῠλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐοξῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐόξῠλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῐοξῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐοξῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῐοξῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῐοξῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐοξῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῐοξῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῐόξῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐοξῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐόξῠλᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῐόξῠλον (singular vocative)
ἐρῐοξῠ́λω (dual vocative)
ἐρῐόξῠλᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἔριον (érion, “wool”) and ξύλον (xúlon, “wood”).


σόλος

σόλος • (sólos) m (genitive σόλου); second declension

sólos (romanization)
σόλου (genitive)
ὁ σόλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σόλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σόλους (accusative plural)
σόλε (singular vocative)
σόλω (dual vocative)
σόλοι (plural vocative)

A foreign borrowing. Has been compared with Hittite [script needed] (šulii̯a-, “lead”). Possibly a term of Gypsy-like street tricksters, see σαλός (salós, “fool”) starting to appear with Christians as a synonym of μωρός (mōrós) from the 4th century CE and Arabic سَالُوس (sālūs, “blandishment”) only found from such slang.


κεκρύφαλος

grc-noun

κεκρύφᾰλος • (kekrúphalos) m (genitive κεκρῠφάλου); second declension

κεκρύφᾰλος (canonical)
kekrúphalos (romanization)
κεκρῠφάλου (genitive)
ὁ κεκρῠ́φᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεκρῠφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεκρῠφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεκρῠφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεκρῠφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κεκρῠ́φᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κεκρῠφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλε (singular vocative)
κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, undoubtedly of Pre-Greek origin even if traditionally linked to κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”).

(zoology) reticulum, the second stomach of ruminants


κυνέην

grc-noun form

κῠνέην • (kunéēn)

κῠνέην (canonical)
kunéēn (romanization)


κῆρας

κῆρᾰς • (kêras)


ὤμους

ὤμους • (ṓmous) m


βασιλῆες

βᾰσῐλῆες • (basilêes)

βᾰσῐλῆες (canonical)
basilêes (romanization)

nominative and vocative plural of βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús)


μηροῦ

μηροῦ • (mēroû)


ὀδόντων

ὀδόντων • (odóntōn)


ὁμίλῳ

ὁμῑ́λῳ • (homī́lōi)

ὁμῑ́λῳ (canonical)
homī́lōi (romanization)


κυνέη

grc-noun

κῠνέη • (kunéē) f (genitive κῠνέης); first declension

κῠνέη (canonical)
kunéē (romanization)
κῠνέης (genitive)
κῠνέη (nominative singular)
κῠνέᾱ (dual nominative)
κῠνέαι (nominative plural)
κῠνέης (genitive singular)
κῠνέαιν (dual genitive)
κῠνέαιῐν (dual genitive)
κῠνέῃῐν (dual genitive)
kunéain (dual genitive)
kunéaiin (dual genitive)
kunéēiin (dual genitive)
κῠνεᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
κῠνεέ͜ων (genitive plural)
κῠνεῶν (genitive plural)
κῠνέῃ (dative singular)
κῠνέαιν (dative dual)
κῠνέαιῐν (dative dual)
κῠνέῃῐν (dative dual)
kunéain (dative dual)
kunéaiin (dative dual)
kunéēiin (dative dual)
κῠνέῃσῐ (dative plural)
κῠνέῃσῐν (dative plural)
κῠνέῃς (dative plural)
κῠνέαις (dative plural)
kunéēisi (dative plural)
kunéēisin (dative plural)
kunéēis (dative plural)
kunéais (dative plural)
κῠνέην (accusative singular)
κῠνέᾱ (accusative dual)
κῠνέᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠνέη (singular vocative)
κῠνέᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠνέαι (plural vocative)

From κύων (kúōn, “dog”) as such helmets were originally made of dog skin.


βήχιον

βήχῐον • (bḗkhion) n (genitive βηχῐ́ου); second declension

βήχῐον (canonical)
bḗkhion (romanization)
βηχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βήχῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βηχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βήχῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βηχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βηχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βηχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βήχῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βηχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βήχῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βήχῐον (singular vocative)
βηχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βήχῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: bēchion

From βήξ (bḗx, “cough”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Tussilago farfara
Tussilago farfara#Translingual


ἀκτέα

grc-noun

ἀκτέᾱ • (aktéā) f (genitive ἀκτέᾱς); first declension

ἀκτέᾱ (canonical)
aktéā (romanization)
ἀκτέᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκτέᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκτέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκτέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκτέᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκτέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκτεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκτέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκτέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκτέαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκτέᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκτέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκτέᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκτέᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀκτέᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκτέαι (plural vocative)

Greek: ακτέα (aktéa)

→ Latin: actē

Unknown. The suffix -έᾱ (-éā) is frequent in tree names, like ἰτέᾱ (itéā, “willow”) and πτελέᾱ (pteléā, “elm”). Witczak connects the word with Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”), which he disassociates from ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”).

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual


τέραμνον

τέραμνον • (téramnon) n (genitive τεράμνου); second declension

téramnon (romanization)
τεράμνου (genitive)
τὸ τέραμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ τεράμνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέραμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τεράμνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεράμνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεράμνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τεράμνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεράμνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τεράμνοις (dative plural)
τὸ τέραμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τεράμνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέραμνᾰ (accusative plural)
τέραμνον (singular vocative)
τεράμνω (dual vocative)
τέραμνᾰ (plural vocative)

Connected with Proto-Indo-European *treb- (“dwelling, settlement”), a root found in Latin trabs (“beam”), Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“village”), Lithuanian trōbà (“farmhouse”). However, according to Beekes these words cannot be related and prefers to compare θεράπων (therápōn, “servant, maid”); according to him, because of the alternations θ/τ and μν/πν the word is Pre-Greek.


μόργος

grc-noun

μόργος • (mórgos) m (genitive μόργου); second declension

mórgos (romanization)
μόργου (genitive)
ὁ μόργος (nominative singular)
τὼ μόργω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόργοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μόργου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μόργοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μόργων (genitive plural)
τῷ μόργῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μόργοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μόργοις (dative plural)
τὸν μόργον (accusative singular)
τὼ μόργω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μόργους (accusative plural)
μόργε (singular vocative)
μόργω (dual vocative)
μόργοι (plural vocative)

The connection with Ἀμοργός (Amorgós) and ὀμόργνυμι (omórgnumi) is semantically uncompelling. According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin.

wicker basket of a cart, used for carrying straw and chaff


ὕφασμα

ὕφασμᾰ • (húphasma) n (genitive ὑφάσμᾰτος); third declension

ὕφασμᾰ (canonical)
húphasma (romanization)
ὑφάσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ὕφασμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑφάσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑφάσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑφάσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑφασμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑφασμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑφάσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑφασμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑφάσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὑφάσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs huphásmasi (dative plural)
toîs huphásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ὕφασμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑφάσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑφάσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὕφασμᾰ (singular vocative)
ὑφάσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὑφάσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ύφασμα (ýfasma)

From ὑφάζω (hupházō, “to weave”) + -μα (-ma, “nominal suffix”), the former from ὑφαίνω (huphaínō, “to weave”) + -ᾰ́ζω (-ázō, “verbal suffix”).


χαυών

grc-noun

χαυών • (khauṓn) m (genitive χαυῶνος); third declension

khauṓn (romanization)
χαυῶνος (genitive)
ὁ χαυών (nominative singular)
τὼ χαυῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ χαυῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χαυῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χαυώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χαυώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ χαυῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χαυώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χαυῶσῐ (dative plural)
χαυῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khauôsi (dative plural)
toîs khauôsin (dative plural)
τὸν χαυῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χαυῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χαυῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
χαυών (singular vocative)
χαυῶνε (dual vocative)
χαυῶνες (plural vocative)


τοπεῖον

τοπεῖον • (topeîon) n (genitive τοπείου); second declension

topeîon (romanization)
τοπείου (genitive)
τὸ τοπεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ τοπείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τοπεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τοπείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοπείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοπείων (genitive plural)
τῷ τοπείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοπείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τοπείοις (dative plural)
τὸ τοπεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ τοπείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τοπεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
τοπεῖον (singular vocative)
τοπείω (dual vocative)
τοπεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Maybe from the same Pre-Greek root of στυππεῖον (stuppeîon, “oakum”).


λύκιον

λύκῐον • (lúkion) n (genitive λῠκίου); second declension

λύκῐον (canonical)
lúkion (romanization)
λῠκίου (genitive)
τὸ λῠ́κῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́κῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́κῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠ́κῐον (singular vocative)
λῠκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λῠ́κῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Lycium

Maybe from Λυκία (Lukía, “Lycia”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because this plant grows mainly in Cappadocia and Lycia.


στέργηθρον

grc-noun

στέργηθρον • (stérgēthron) n (genitive στεργήθρου); second declension

stérgēthron (romanization)
στεργήθρου (genitive)
τὸ στέργηθρον (nominative singular)
τὼ στεργήθρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στέργηθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στεργήθρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στεργήθροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στεργήθρων (genitive plural)
τῷ στεργήθρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στεργήθροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στεργήθροις (dative plural)
τὸ στέργηθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ στεργήθρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στέργηθρᾰ (accusative plural)
στέργηθρον (singular vocative)
στεργήθρω (dual vocative)
στέργηθρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: stergēthron

parental love, parental fondness, parental affection


παλλακή

παλλᾰκή • (pallakḗ) f (genitive παλλᾰκῆς); first declension

παλλᾰκή (canonical)
pallakḗ (romanization)
παλλᾰκῆς (genitive)
ἡ παλλᾰκή (nominative singular)
τὼ παλλᾰκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ παλλᾰκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς παλλᾰκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν παλλᾰκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν παλλᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ παλλᾰκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν παλλᾰκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς παλλᾰκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν παλλᾰκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ παλλᾰκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παλλᾰκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
παλλᾰκή (singular vocative)
παλλᾰκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
παλλᾰκαί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pallaca

The word may well be Pre-Greek, in view of the suffix "-ακ-". Similarly, Levin regards Latin paelex (“mistress”) as a loanword from a Mediterranean language, maybe a Semitic one, in view of Hebrew פִּילֶגֶשׁ (pilegesh, “concubine”). Other connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “beautiful women seducing pious men”), Middle Persian [Term?] (/parīg/), Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), all of which Beekes dismisses for formal or semantic reasons.


καρύκη

grc-noun

κᾰρῡ́κη • (karū́kē) f (genitive κᾰρῡ́κης); first declension

κᾰρῡ́κη (canonical)
karū́kē (romanization)
κᾰρῡ́κης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρῡ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰρῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰρῡ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῡ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρῡκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰρῡ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῡ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰρῡ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰρῡ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰρῡ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰρῡ́κη (singular vocative)
κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰρῦκαι (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Frisk suggested Lydian origin, but the variation points to a Pre-Greek word.


κόρημα

κόρημᾰ • (kórēma) n (genitive κορήμᾰτος); third declension

κόρημᾰ (canonical)
kórēma (romanization)
κορήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κόρημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κορήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κορήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κορήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κορήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs korḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs korḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κόρημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κορήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κορήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κόρημᾰ (singular vocative)
κορήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κορήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From κορέω (koréō, “to sweep”) + -μα (-ma).


μήρινθος

μήρινθος • (mḗrinthos) f (genitive μηρίνθου); second declension

mḗrinthos (romanization)
μηρίνθου (genitive)
ἡ μήρινθος (nominative singular)
τὼ μηρίνθω (dual nominative)
αἱ μήρινθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς μηρίνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηρίνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηρίνθων (genitive plural)
τῇ μηρίνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηρίνθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μηρίνθοις (dative plural)
τὴν μήρινθον (accusative singular)
τὼ μηρίνθω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μηρίνθους (accusative plural)
μήρινθε (singular vocative)
μηρίνθω (dual vocative)
μήρινθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: μήρινθος (mírinthos)

The suffix is similar to ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos) and λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos), so it is probably a Pre-Greek word. Adaptation to μηρύομαι (mērúomai, “to draw up, to furl”) has also been assumed, however there is little reason for this. Maybe related to μῆριγξ (mêrinx, “bristle”).


λύκαψος

λύκαψος • (lúkapsos) m (genitive λῠκάψου); second declension

lúkapsos (romanization)
λῠκάψου (genitive)
ὁ λύκαψος (nominative singular)
τὼ λυκάψω (dual nominative)
οἱ λύκαψοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λυκάψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λυκάψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λυκάψων (genitive plural)
τῷ λυκάψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λυκάψοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λυκάψοις (dative plural)
τὸν λύκαψον (accusative singular)
τὼ λυκάψω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λυκάψους (accusative plural)
λύκαψε (singular vocative)
λυκάψω (dual vocative)
λύκαψοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to χορδαψός (khordapsós), σκινδαψός (skindapsós) and γαληψός (galēpsós), so it is probably a Pre-Greek word.


ἔχιον

ἔχῐον • (ékhion) n (genitive ἐχῐ́ου); second declension

ἔχῐον (canonical)
ékhion (romanization)
ἐχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἔχῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔχῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔχῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔχῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔχῐον (singular vocative)
ἐχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἔχῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Echium

From ἔχις (ékhis, “viper”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because of the resemblance of the fruit to the head of a snake.

af

Echium plantagineum
Echium plantagineum#Translingual

purple viper's bugloss (Echium plantagineum)


κανθύλη

grc-noun

κανθύλη • (kanthúlē) f (genitive κανθύλης); first declension

kanthúlē (romanization)
κανθύλης (genitive)
ἡ κανθύλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κανθύλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κανθύλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κανθύλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κανθύλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κανθύλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κανθύλᾱς (accusative plural)
κανθύλη (singular vocative)
κανθύλᾱ (dual vocative)
κανθύλαι (plural vocative)

The comparison with Proto-Germanic *gundaz (“sore, boil; pus”) would require that κονθηλαί (konthēlaí) is original, which is highly unlikely. Strömberg derives the word from κάνθων (kánthōn) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios), both meaning pack ass. The variation α/ο is clearly Pre-Greek, as is the suffix.

cog

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 220


γωρυτός

grc-noun

γωρῡτός • (gōrūtós) m (genitive γωρῡτοῦ); second declension

γωρῡτός (canonical)
gōrūtós (romanization)
γωρῡτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γωρῡτός (nominative singular)
τὼ γωρῡτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γωρῡτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γωρῡτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γωρῡτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γωρῡτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γωρῡτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γωρῡτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γωρῡτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γωρῡτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γωρῡτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γωρῡτούς (accusative plural)
γωρῡτέ (singular vocative)
γωρῡτώ (dual vocative)
γωρῡτοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: gōrȳtos

Spanish: goldre

According to Benveniste, a loanword from a Scythian compound that contains the word for 'cow' (compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš) as a first member. The interpretation of the second member is unclear, however we can hardly identify it with Persian روده (rude, “intestine”) and interpret the whole compound as 'cow-hide'. Alternatively, Lubotsky suggests that the word may derive from a Proto-Iranian source similar to Sanskrit वरूतृ (varūtṛ, “one who wards off or protects”), thus explaining the long ῡ (ū). Remains uncertain.


ὄνθος

grc-noun

ὄνθος • (ónthos) m or f (genitive ὄνθου); second declension

ónthos (romanization)
ὄνθου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ὄνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ὄνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ὄνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ὄνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ὄνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ὄνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ὄνθους (accusative plural)
ὄνθε (singular vocative)
ὄνθω (dual vocative)
ὄνθοι (plural vocative)

unk

Unexplained


σχενδύλη

grc-noun

σχενδῡ́λη • (skhendū́lē) f (genitive σχενδῡ́λης); first declension

σχενδῡ́λη (canonical)
skhendū́lē (romanization)
σχενδῡ́λης (genitive)
ἡ σχενδῡ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ σχενδῡ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σχενδῦλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σχενδῡ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχενδῡ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχενδῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σχενδῡ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχενδῡ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχενδῡ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν σχενδῡ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ σχενδῡ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχενδῡ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
σχενδῡ́λη (singular vocative)
σχενδῡ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
σχενδῦλαι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to κανθύλη (kanthúlē) and κορδύλη (kordúlē). The presence of the variation leads to a Pre-Greek origin.

a ship carpenter's and blacksmith's tool, perhaps a pair of tongs


μύραινα

μῡ́ραινα • (mū́raina) f (genitive μῡραίνης); first declension

μῡ́ραινα (canonical)
mū́raina (romanization)
μῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ μῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
μῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: murēna, muraena (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: զմիւռնեա (zmiwṙnea)

Traditionally connected with σμύρις (smúris, “emery powder”) and with words for 'grease, fat', like Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease”), which would fit the eel as a fat creature. However, this does not explain the long "ῡ". According to Beekes, names of fish are often Pre-Greek and the suffix -αινᾰ (-aina) is well-known in such words.


ἡμίμιτρον

ἡμίμιτρον • (hēmímitron) n (genitive ἡμιμίτρου); second declension

hēmímitron (romanization)
ἡμιμίτρου (genitive)
τὸ ἡμίμιτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμιμίτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡμίμιτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡμιμίτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμιμίτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμιμίτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡμιμίτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμιμίτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡμιμίτροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἡμίμιτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμιμίτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡμίμιτρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡμίμιτρον (singular vocative)
ἡμιμίτρω (dual vocative)
ἡμίμιτρᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + μίτρα (mítra, “mitre”) + -ον (-on, “suffix for neuter”).


ἄμωμον

grc-noun

ἄμωμον • (ámōmon) n (genitive ἀμώμου); second declension

ámōmon (romanization)
ἀμώμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄμωμον (singular vocative)
ἀμώμω (dual vocative)
ἄμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: amōmum
Catalan: amom
French: amome
Galician: amomo
Italian: amomo
Portuguese: amomo
Spanish: amomo
Translingual: Amomum
→ English: amomum

An Oriental loanword of lost provenience, also found as Classical Syriac ܚܡܵܡܵܐ (ḥəmāmā) → Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā).

cog

Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā)


φιλύρα

grc-noun

φιλύρᾱ • (philúrā) f (genitive φιλύρᾱς); first declension

φιλύρᾱ (canonical)
philúrā (romanization)
φιλύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φιλύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φιλύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φιλύραι (nominative plural)
τῆς φιλύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φιλύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φιλυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φιλύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φιλύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φιλύραις (dative plural)
τὴν φιλύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φιλύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φιλύρᾱς (accusative plural)
φιλύρᾱ (singular vocative)
φιλύρᾱ (dual vocative)
φιλύραι (plural vocative)

Greek: φιλύρα (filýra)

Latin: philyra

Strömberg surmises a compound of φίλος (phílos, “friend”) + ὕρον (húron, “swarm of bees”), because the linden attracts bees (compare Latin apium (“celery”) from apis (“bee”) and German Bienenbaum (“maple”) from Biene (“bee”)). The European lime tree is not native of Greece, so it is probably a substrate word, perhaps Pre-Greek.


φλιά

grc-noun

φλῑᾱ́ • (phlīā́) f (genitive φλῑᾶς); first declension

φλῑᾱ́ (canonical)
phlīā́ (romanization)
φλῑᾶς (genitive)
ἡ φλῑᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλῑᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φλῑαί (nominative plural)
τῆς φλῑᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλῑαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλῑῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλῑᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλῑαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλῑαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φλῑᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ φλῑᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλῑᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φλῑᾱ́ (singular vocative)
φλῑᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φλῑαί (plural vocative)

A technical word without etymology, so possibly Pre-Greek.

unk

without etymology


βιζάκιον

grc-noun

βιζάκιον • (bizákion) n (genitive βιζακίου); second declension

bizákion (romanization)
βιζακίου (genitive)
τὸ βιζάκιον (nominative singular)
τὼ βιζακίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βιζάκιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βιζακίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βιζακίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βιζακίων (genitive plural)
τῷ βιζακίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βιζακίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βιζακίοις (dative plural)
τὸ βιζάκιον (accusative singular)
τὼ βιζακίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βιζάκιᾰ (accusative plural)
βιζάκιον (singular vocative)
βιζακίω (dual vocative)
βιζάκιᾰ (plural vocative)

Lewy proposes a Semitic derivation, comparing the word with Aramaic ܒܙܩ̈ܐ (bizqā, “pebble, gravel”). However, "-ακ-" could also represent a Pre-Greek suffix.


σακχυφάντης

σακχῠφάντης • (sakkhuphántēs) m (genitive σακχῠφάντου); first declension

σακχῠφάντης (canonical)
sakkhuphántēs (romanization)
σακχῠφάντου (genitive)
ὁ σακχῠφάντης (nominative singular)
τὼ σακχῠφάντᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σακχῠφάνται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σακχῠφάντου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σακχῠφάνταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σακχῠφαντῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σακχῠφάντῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σακχῠφάνταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σακχῠφάνταις (dative plural)
τὸν σακχῠφάντην (accusative singular)
τὼ σακχῠφάντᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σακχῠφάντᾱς (accusative plural)
σακχῠφάντᾰ (singular vocative)
σακχῠφάντᾱ (dual vocative)
σακχῠφάνται (plural vocative)

σάκκος (sákkos, “sack”) + ὑφαίνω (huphaínō, “weave”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


ῥάκος

grc-noun

ῥάκος • (rhákos) n (genitive ῥάκεος); third declension

rhákos (romanization)
ῥάκεος (genitive)
ῥᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
ῥᾰ́κει (dual nominative)
ῥᾰ́κεε (dual nominative)
ῥᾰ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
ῥᾰ́κεος (genitive singular)
ῥᾰ́κευς (genitive singular)
ῥᾰκέοιν (dual genitive)
ῥᾰκέων (genitive plural)
ῥᾰ́κει (dative singular)
ῥᾰ́κεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ῥᾰκέοιν (dative dual)
ῥᾰ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
ῥᾰ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
rhákesi (dative plural)
rhákesin (dative plural)
ῥᾰ́κος (accusative singular)
ῥᾰ́κει (accusative dual)
ῥᾰ́κεε (accusative dual)
ῥᾰ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́κος (singular vocative)
ῥᾰ́κει (dual vocative)
ῥᾰ́κεε (dual vocative)
ῥᾰ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)

Clear morphological cognates lacking outside Greek. The traditional comparison with Sanskrit वृश्चति (vṛścati, “to hew, cleave”) is not accepted by Beekes. A connection with Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”) is highly uncertain. The word could well be Pre-Greek.

cog

(in the plural) wrinkles, rents in the face


χιλός

grc-noun

χῑλός • (khīlós) m (genitive χῑλοῦ); second declension

χῑλός (canonical)
khīlós (romanization)
χῑλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῑλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῑλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῑλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῑλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῑλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῑλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῑλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῑλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῑλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῑλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῑλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῑλούς (accusative plural)
χῑλέ (singular vocative)
χῑλώ (dual vocative)
χῑλοί (plural vocative)

Unexplained. It has been compared with Russian жир (žir, “fat, lard”) and Czech žír (“fodder”).

unk

Unexplained

green fodder for cattle, forage, provender


σκοίκιον

grc-noun

σκοίκιον • (skoíkion) n (genitive σκοικίου); second declension

skoíkion (romanization)
σκοικίου (genitive)
τὸ σκοίκιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκοικίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκοίκιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκοικίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκοικίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκοικίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκοικίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκοικίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκοικίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκοίκιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκοικίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκοίκιᾰ (accusative plural)
σκοίκιον (singular vocative)
σκοικίω (dual vocative)
σκοίκιᾰ (plural vocative)

Maybe from Pre-Greek and related to κόϊξ (kóïx, “doum palm”).


δρῖλος

δρῖλος • (drîlos) m (genitive δρῑ́λου); second declension

drîlos (romanization)
δρῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ δρῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δρῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ δρῖλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν δρῖλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δρῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρῑ́λους (accusative plural)
δρῖλε (singular vocative)
δρῑ́λω (dual vocative)
δρῖλοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Beekes calls connections to δρίος (dríos, “thicket”), in the sense of "swelling," a "mere guess." Pokorny suggests the latter connection and also compares δριμύς (drimús, “piercing, sharp”), Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split open”).


ψαμμοδύτης

grc-noun

ψαμμοδῠ́της • (psammodútēs) m (genitive ψαμμοδῠ́του); first declension

ψαμμοδῠ́της (canonical)
psammodútēs (romanization)
ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive)
ὁ ψαμμοδῠ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψαμμοδῠ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαμμοδῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαμμοδῠ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαμμοδῠ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ψαμμοδῠ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́ται (plural vocative)

ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”) + δύω (dúō, “dive”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

name of a fish that buries itself in the sand (literally sand-diver)


κοτύλη

grc-noun

κοτῠ́λη • (kotúlē) f (genitive κοτῠ́λης); first declension

κοτῠ́λη (canonical)
kotúlē (romanization)
κοτῠ́λης (genitive)
ἡ κοτῠ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῠ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κοτῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κοτῠ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῠ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῠλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κοτῠ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῠ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κοτῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν κοτῠ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῠ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κοτῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
κοτῠ́λη (singular vocative)
κοτῠ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
κοτῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: còtila

→ English: kotyle, kotylos

desctree

→ Latin: cotyla, cotula, cotylē
Aromanian: ciuturã
Italian: ciotola
Megleno-Romanian: ciutură
Romanian: ciutură, citură — archaic, rare
(some are from Aromanian)
→ Albanian: çotrë, çutrë, çuturë, çutër (obsolete)
→ Bulgarian: чу́тура (čútura), чо́тра (čótra), чо́тура (čótura)
→ Czech: čutora
→ Gagauz:
Cyrillic script: чотра
Latin script: çotra
→ Greek: τσότρα (tsótra), τσιότρα (tsiótra)
→ Hungarian: csutora
→ Macedonian: чутура (čutura), чотра (čotra) — Drama dialect
→ Romanian: ciutură
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чу̀тура
Latin script: čùtura
→ Slovak: čutora
→ Slovene: čútara
→ Ottoman Turkish: چوتوره (çotura), چوتره (çotura, çotra)
Turkish: çotra
→ Ukrainian: чуто́ра (čutóra), чіту́ра (čitúra) (Transcarpathian, archaic)
Sicilian: ciòtula
→ English: cotyle, cotyla

→ New Latin: cotylus (learned), e.g. →⇒ English: hecto-cotylus

→ Old Armenian: կոտիւղ (kotiwł)

→ Old Georgian: კოტჳლი (ḳoṭwili)

Furnée asserted a relation to Latin catīnus (“flat dish”), claiming that the deviation in vowel and formation suggests that they are independent loans from a third party, and adducing κόνδυ (kóndu, “cup”) and κονδύλιον (kondúlion), with the observation that -υλη (-ulē) is a well-known suffix in Pre-Greek.
A widespread wanderword is also probable given Sanskrit कुन्तल (kuntala, “drinking-cup”), कन्दु (kandu, “vessel”), करताल (karatāla, “cymbals”), and other nearby forms.


ἐπινυκτίς

grc-noun

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς • (epinuktís) f (genitive ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος); third declension

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (canonical)
epinuktís (romanization)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs epinuktísi (dative plural)
taîs epinuktísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

Latin: epinyctis

ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, upon”) + νύξ (núx, “night”) + -ίς (-ís).

affix

(pathology) pustule which is most painful by night


πιστάκη

grc-noun

πῐστᾰ́κη • (pistákē) f (genitive πῐστᾰ́κης); first declension

πῐστᾰ́κη (canonical)
pistákē (romanization)
πῐστᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ πῐστᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐστᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐστᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐστᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐστᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐστᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐστᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐστᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐστᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐστᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐστᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐστᾰ́και (plural vocative)

Of Iranian origin. Compare Northern Kurdish pisteq, Persian پسته (pesta, peste), Middle Persian pstk' (pistag, “pistachio nut”), Old Armenian պիստակ (pistak) (from Iranian).

cog

Pistacia vera
Pistacia vera#Translingual


σῆραγξ

grc-noun

σῆραγξ • (sêranx) f (genitive σήρᾰγγος); third declension

sêranx (romanization)
σήρᾰγγος (genitive)
ἡ σῆρᾰγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σήρᾰγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ σήρᾰγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς σήρᾰγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σηρᾰ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σηρᾰ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ σήρᾰγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σηρᾰ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σήρᾰγξῐ (dative plural)
σήρᾰγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs sḗranxi (dative plural)
taîs sḗranxin (dative plural)
τὴν σήρᾰγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σήρᾰγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σήρᾰγγᾰς (accusative plural)
σῆρᾰγξ (singular vocative)
σήρᾰγγε (dual vocative)
σήρᾰγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: σήραγγα (síranga)

Formally similar to φάραγξ (pháranx, “ravine”). Sometimes connected with σέσηρα (sésēra, “to grin”), but this is semantically unprobable. It is rather a Pre-Greek word, in view of the suffix.


χθόνα

χθόνᾰ (canonical)
khthóna (romanization)


αἶγας

grc-noun form

αἶγᾰς • (aîgas)


δόμους

δόμους • (dómous) m

accusative plural of δόμος (dómos, “house; household”)


θάρσει

θάρσει • (thársei)

inflection of θάρσος (thársos):
dative singular

nominative and accusative and vocative dual


πατρίδ'

πατρίδ’ • (patríd’)

πατρίδ’ (canonical)
patríd’ (romanization)


ὕπνῳ

ῠ̔́πνῳ • (húpnōi)

ῠ̔́πνῳ (canonical)
húpnōi (romanization)


Δαναοῖσιν

Δᾰνᾰοῖσῐν • (Danaoîsin)

Δᾰνᾰοῖσῐν (canonical)
Danaoîsin (romanization)


ἵπποισιν

ἵπποισῐν • (híppoisin)

ἵπποισῐν (canonical)
híppoisin (romanization)


γέροντα

γέροντᾰ • (géronta)

γέροντᾰ (canonical)
géronta (romanization)


πάτρης

πάτρης • (pátrēs)


ὄρους

ὄρους • (órous)


Ἀρκάδι

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δῐ • (Arkádi)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δῐ (canonical)
Arkádi (romanization)


ἰῷ

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


Ἀρκάσιν

grc-noun form

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́σῐν • (Arkásin)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́σῐν (canonical)
Arkásin (romanization)


Ἀρκάδας

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰς • (Arkádas)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰς (canonical)
Arkádas (romanization)


Ἀρκάδος

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δος • (Arkádos)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δος (canonical)
Arkádos (romanization)


Ἀρκάδων

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δων • (Arkádōn)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δων (canonical)
Arkádōn (romanization)


Ἀρκάδες

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δες • (Arkádes)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δες (canonical)
Arkádes (romanization)

inflection of Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς (Arkás):
nominative plural

inflection of Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς (Arkás):
vocative plural


Ἀρκάδα

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰ • (Arkáda)

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰ (canonical)
Arkáda (romanization)


ἔντεα

grc-noun

ἔντεᾰ • (éntea) n pl (genitive ἐντέων); third declension

ἔντεᾰ (canonical)
éntea (romanization)
ἐντέων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἔντεᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἐντέων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἔντεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔντεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éntesi (dative plural)
toîs éntesin (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἔντεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔντεᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown. Beside this word, there is ἐντῡ́νω (entū́nō, “to equip, get ready”): as it recalls ἀρτῡ́νω (artū́nō), it may have been built after this verb. A basic noun *ἐντύς (*entús) could be assumed. Connection with ἄνῡμι (ánūmi, “to finish, conclude”) is impossible.

furniture, appliances, tackle, instruments


Χαλκιδεῖ

grc-noun form

Χᾰλκῐδεῖ • (Khalkideî)

Χᾰλκῐδεῖ (canonical)
Khalkideî (romanization)

dative singular of Χᾰλκῐδεύς (Khalkideús)


θύαρος

grc-noun

θύαρος • (thúaros) m (genitive θυάρου); second declension

thúaros (romanization)
θυάρου (genitive)
ὁ θύαρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θυάρω (dual nominative)
οἱ θύαροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θυάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θυάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θυάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θυάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θυάροις (dative plural)
τὸν θύαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ θυάρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θυάρους (accusative plural)
θύαρε (singular vocative)
θυάρω (dual vocative)
θύαροι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to κόμαρος (kómaros) and κίσθαρος (kístharos). The suffix in "-αρος" points to a Pre-Greek word and connection with θύω (thúō, “to rage, seethe”) is a mere guess.

Lolium temulentum
Lolium temulentum#Translingual

(Koine) ryegrass, darnel (Lolium temulentum)


Χαλκιδέως

grc-noun form

Χᾰλκῐδέως • (Khalkidéōs)

Χᾰλκῐδέως (canonical)
Khalkidéōs (romanization)

genitive singular of Χᾰλκῐδεύς (Khalkideús)


ἀκροβάτης

grc-noun

ἀκροβάτης • (akrobátēs) m (genitive ἀκροβάτου); first declension

akrobátēs (romanization)
ἀκροβάτου (genitive)
ὁ ἀκροβάτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκροβάτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀκροβάται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκροβάτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκροβάταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκροβατῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκροβάτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκροβάταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκροβάταις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀκροβάτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκροβάτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκροβάτᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκροβάτᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀκροβάτᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκροβάται (plural vocative)

English: acrobat

ἄκρος (ákros, “top, peak”) + βαίνω (baínō, “walk, step”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


πέδιλον

grc-noun

πέδῑλον • (pédīlon) n (genitive πεδῑ́λου); second declension

πέδῑλον (canonical)
pédīlon (romanization)
πεδῑ́λου (genitive)
τὸ πέδῑλον (nominative singular)
τὼ πεδῑ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέδῑλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πεδῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεδῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεδῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ πεδῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεδῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πεδῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ πέδῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πεδῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέδῑλᾰ (accusative plural)
πέδῑλον (singular vocative)
πεδῑ́λω (dual vocative)
πέδῑλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πέδιλο (pédilo)

From Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“foot”); compare πούς (poús).


λάριξ

λάριξ • (lárix) m (genitive λάρῐκος); third declension

lárix (romanization)
λάρῐκος (genitive)
ἡ λάρῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λάρῐκε (dual nominative)
αἱ λάρῐκες (nominative plural)
τῆς λάρῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαρῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαρῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ λάρῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαρῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λάρῐξῐ (dative plural)
λάρῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs lárixi (dative plural)
taîs lárixin (dative plural)
τὴν λάρῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λάρῐκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λάρῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
λάρῐξ (singular vocative)
λάρῐκε (dual vocative)
λάρῐκες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: larix
Franco-Provençal: larze
Ligurian: arzo
Lombard: lares, lars, larza
Borrowings:
→ Basque: laritz
→ Catalan: làrix
→ Dutch: lariks
→ Georgian: ლარიქსი (lariksi)
→ Greek: λάρικας (lárikas)
→ Irish: learóg
→ Italian: larice
→ Portuguese: lariço
→ Romanian: larice
→ Scottish Gaelic: learag
→ Spanish: lárice
→ Translingual: Larix
→ Proto-West Germanic: *larikā (see there for further descendants)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ariš

→ Translingual: Larix

Possibly from Gaulish, itself from Proto-Celtic *daru.

Larix decidua
Larix decidua#Translingual


παλίουρος

grc-noun

πᾰλίουρος • (palíouros) m or f (genitive πᾰλῐούρου); second declension

πᾰλίουρος (canonical)
palíouros (romanization)
πᾰλῐούρου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πᾰλῐ́ουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰλῐούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πᾰλῐ́ουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πᾰλῐούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰλῐούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰλῐούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πᾰλῐούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰλῐούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πᾰλῐούροις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πᾰλῐ́ουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰλῐούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰλῐούρους (accusative plural)
πᾰλῐ́ουρε (singular vocative)
πᾰλῐούρω (dual vocative)
πᾰλῐ́ουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: paliūrus

→ Translingual: Paliurus

A connection with οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) makes little sense, nor it is to be taken with οὖρον (oûron, “urine”). The word is most probably Pre-Greek.

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual


λάσαρον

λάσαρον • (lásaron) n (genitive λασάρου); second declension

lásaron (romanization)
λασάρου (genitive)
τὸ λάσαρον (nominative singular)
τὼ λασάρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λάσαρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λασάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λασάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λασάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λασάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λασάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λασάροις (dative plural)
τὸ λάσαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λασάρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λάσαρᾰ (accusative plural)
λάσαρον (singular vocative)
λασάρω (dual vocative)
λάσαρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: lasar

Unexplained foreign word. According to Beekes, probably from Pre-Greek.

unk

Unexplained

laser, juice of the asafoetida or silphium


αἶσα

grc-noun

αἶσᾰ • (aîsa) f (genitive αἴσης); first declension

αἶσᾰ (canonical)
aîsa (romanization)
αἴσης (genitive)
ἡ αἶσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἴσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἶσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἴσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἴσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἴσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἴσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἴσαις (dative plural)
τὴν αἶσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἴσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἴσᾱς (accusative plural)
αἶσᾰ (singular vocative)
αἴσᾱ (dual vocative)
αἶσαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to give, take”), whence also αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask for, beg”) and *αἶτος (*aîtos, “something given: allotment, share”), + the suffix + -ῐᾰ (-ia). Cognate with Oscan aitis (“part, portion”); likely related to οἶτος (oîtos). For a semantic parallel (from a different root), compare Proto-Germanic *hlutą (“lot; fate”).


πάτρα

grc-noun

πάτρᾱ • (pátrā) f (genitive πάτρᾱς); first declension

πάτρᾱ (canonical)
pátrā (romanization)
πάτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πάτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πάτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πάτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πάτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πάτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πατρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πάτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πάτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πάτραις (dative plural)
τὴν πάτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πάτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πάτρᾱς (accusative plural)
πάτρᾱ (singular vocative)
πάτρᾱ (dual vocative)
πάτραι (plural vocative)

From πατήρ (patḗr, “father”). Compare Latin patria.


πάτρα

grc-noun form

πάτρᾱ • (pátrā)

(Epic, Ionic) nominative and vocative and accusative dual of πάτρη (pátrē)


πάτρη

grc-noun

πάτρη • (pátrē) f (genitive πάτρης); first declension

pátrē (romanization)
πάτρης (genitive)
ἡ πάτρη (nominative singular)
τὼ πάτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πάτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πάτρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πάτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πατρέων (genitive plural)
πατρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πάτρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πάτραιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν πάτρῃσῐ (dative plural)
πάτρῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi pátrēisi (dative plural)
têisi pátrēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν πάτρην (accusative singular)
τὼ πάτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πάτρᾱς (accusative plural)
πάτρη (singular vocative)
πάτρᾱ (dual vocative)
πάτραι (plural vocative)
πάτρη (nominative singular)
πάτρᾱ (dual nominative)
πάτραι (nominative plural)
πάτρης (genitive singular)
πάτραιν (dual genitive)
πάτραιῐν (dual genitive)
πάτρῃῐν (dual genitive)
pátrain (dual genitive)
pátraiin (dual genitive)
pátrēiin (dual genitive)
πατρᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
πατρέ͜ων (genitive plural)
πατρῶν (genitive plural)
πάτρῃ (dative singular)
πάτραιν (dative dual)
πάτραιῐν (dative dual)
πάτρῃῐν (dative dual)
pátrain (dative dual)
pátraiin (dative dual)
pátrēiin (dative dual)
πάτρῃσῐ (dative plural)
πάτρῃσῐν (dative plural)
πάτρῃς (dative plural)
πάτραις (dative plural)
pátrēisi (dative plural)
pátrēisin (dative plural)
pátrēis (dative plural)
pátrais (dative plural)
πάτρην (accusative singular)
πάτρᾱ (accusative dual)
πάτρᾱς (accusative plural)
πάτρη (singular vocative)
πάτρᾱ (dual vocative)
πάτραι (plural vocative)


Στράττις

Στράττῐς • (Stráttis) m (genitive Στράττῐδος); third declension

Στράττῐς (canonical)
Stráttis (romanization)
Στράττῐδος (genitive)
ὁ Στρᾰ́ττῐς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Στρᾰ́ττῐδος (genitive singular)
τῷ Στρᾰ́ττῐδῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Στρᾰ́ττῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
Στρᾰ́ττῐς (singular vocative)

a male given name, equivalent to English Strattis, held by


σαλάμβη

σᾰλάμβη • (salámbē) f (genitive σᾰλάμβης); first declension

σᾰλάμβη (canonical)
salámbē (romanization)
σᾰλάμβης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰλάμβη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰλάμβᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰλάμβαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰλάμβης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰλάμβαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰλαμβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰλάμβῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰλάμβαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰλάμβαις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰλάμβην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰλάμβᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰλάμβᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰλάμβη (singular vocative)
σᾰλάμβᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰλάμβαι (plural vocative)

A Semitic origin has been proposed for this word, connecting it with Classical Syriac ܫܠܦܐ (šelpā, “a knife-like iron tool for grasping or pulling out something”) and Σαλαμβώ (Salambṓ, “Babilonian goddess of love”). However, the alternation β/μβ would receive a good explanation under the assumption of Pre-Greek origin.


γαληψός

grc-noun

γαληψός • (galēpsós) f (genitive γαληψοῦ); second declension

galēpsós (romanization)
γαληψοῦ (genitive)
ἡ γαληψός (nominative singular)
τὼ γαληψώ (dual nominative)
αἱ γαληψοί (nominative plural)
τῆς γαληψοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαληψοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαληψῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαληψῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαληψοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαληψοῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γαληψόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαληψώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαληψούς (accusative plural)
γαληψέ (singular vocative)
γαληψώ (dual vocative)
γαληψοί (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to χορδαψός (khordapsós), σκινδαψός (skindapsós) and λύκαψος (lúkapsos), so it is probably a Pre-Greek word. Compare Γαληψός (Galēpsós), considered Pre-Greek for the same reason. γαληψός (galēpsós) may be derived from the place name.

Mediterranean figwort (Scrophularia peregrina)


πιθάκνη

πῐθάκνη • (pitháknē) f (genitive πῐθάκνης); first declension

πῐθάκνη (canonical)
pitháknē (romanization)
πῐθάκνης (genitive)
ἡ πῐθάκνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐθάκνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐθάκναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐθάκνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐθάκναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐθακνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐθάκνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐθάκναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐθάκναις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐθάκνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐθάκνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐθάκνᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐθάκνη (singular vocative)
πῐθάκνᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐθάκναι (plural vocative)


ταρσός

τᾰρσός • (tarsós) m (genitive τᾰρσοῦ); second declension

τᾰρσός (canonical)
tarsós (romanization)
τᾰρσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ τᾰρσός (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰρσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ τᾰρσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰρσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰρσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰρσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰρσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰρσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν τᾰρσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰρσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τᾰρσούς (accusative plural)
τᾰρσέ (singular vocative)
τᾰρσώ (dual vocative)
τᾰρσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ταρσός (tarsós)

→ New Latin: tarsus

→ English: tarsus

desctree

>? Swedish: tass (unlikely)
→ Finnish: tassu

Has been compared with Middle Armenian թառ (tʻaṙ, “bar for drying grapes”), Old High German darra (“apparatus for drying fruits”), Swedish tarre (“frame for drying malts”), suggesting a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry”). However, for phonetic reasons this is uncertain.

cog

A frame of wickerwork, crate, flat basket, for drying cheese on; (generally) a basket.

A mat of reeds, such as were built into brickwork to bind it together.

(anatomy) The flat of the foot (the part between the toes and the heel).

: (of various broad flat surfaces)
The rows of oars on the sides of ships.

(zoology) The flat of the outstretched wing.

(of various broad flat surfaces)
The flat of the outstretched wing.

: (of various broad flat surfaces)
The row of teeth in a saw.

(anatomy) The edge of the eyelid and its lashes.

(of various broad flat surfaces)
The edge of the eyelid and its lashes.


ὄχθη

grc-noun

ὄχθη • (ókhthē) f (genitive ὄχθης); first declension

ókhthē (romanization)
ὄχθης (genitive)
ἡ ὄχθη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄχθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄχθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄχθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄχθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀχθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄχθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄχθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄχθαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄχθην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄχθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄχθᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄχθη (singular vocative)
ὄχθᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄχθαι (plural vocative)

Greek: όχθη (óchthi)

Uncertain. Seems to display a suffix like in μόχθος (mókhthos) and βρόχθος (brókhthos), but the connection with ἔχω (ékhō, “to hold”) is semantically unconvincing. Furnée compares ἀκτή (aktḗ, “promontory, edge”), which would point to a Pre-Greek word.

bank, riverbank, dyke by the side of a river (either natural or artificial)


κράνον

κράνον • (kránon) n (genitive κράνου); second declension

kránon (romanization)
κράνου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾰ́νον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾰ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́νον (singular vocative)
κρᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́νᾰ (plural vocative)

Beekes suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *krno-, a root shared also by Latin cornus (“cornel”) and possibly Lithuanian Kirnis (“a god who protects cherries”). A Mediterranean substrate origin is also possible, which has to be assumed for κέρασος (kérasos, “cherry tree”) in any case.


τέρμινθος

grc-noun

τέρμῐνθος • (términthos) f (genitive τερμῐ́νθου); second declension

τέρμῐνθος (canonical)
términthos (romanization)
τερμῐ́νθου (genitive)
ἡ τέρμῐνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ τερμῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
αἱ τέρμῐνθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς τερμῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερμῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερμῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῇ τερμῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερμῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τερμῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὴν τέρμῐνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ τερμῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τερμῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
τέρμῐνθε (singular vocative)
τερμῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
τέρμῐνθοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Georgian: ტერემინთოჲ (ṭeremintoy)

The suffix "-ινθος" proves a Pre-Greek origin. The form τερέβινθος (terébinthos) was perhaps influenced by ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”).

Pistacia terebinthus
Pistacia terebinthus#Translingual

swelling like the fruit of the terebinth


ῥαφίς

ῥαφῐ́ς • (rhaphís) f (genitive ῥαφῐ́δος); third declension

ῥαφῐ́ς (canonical)
rhaphís (romanization)
ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥαφῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥαφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísi (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥαφῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

English: raphide

Translingual: Limnoraphis, Raphidiopsis

From ῥάπτω (rháptō, “to sew”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

Belone belone
Belone belone#Translingual


νίρνος

head

νίρνος • (nírnos)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: φθείρ (phtheír, “louse”).


βαλαύστιον

grc-noun

βαλαύστιον • (balaústion) n (genitive βαλαυστίου); second declension

balaústion (romanization)
βαλαυστίου (genitive)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (nominative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαλαυστίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαλαυστίων (genitive plural)
τῷ βαλαυστίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαλαυστίοις (dative plural)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (accusative plural)
βαλαύστιον (singular vocative)
βαλαυστίω (dual vocative)
βαλαύστιᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: balaustium

→ Italian: balaustro

Related to Imperial Aramaic 𐡁𐡀𐡋𐡀𐡈 (bʾlʾṭ, “pomegranate shoot”), Classical Syriac ܒܠܳܨܳܐ (blāṣā, “pomegranate shoot”) and a Semitic borrowing maybe. However an explanation of the words will remain difficult; see Arabic رُمَّان (rummān) for another difficult pomegranate term.
Put by Beekes because of the variant “αυ/ω” as acquired via Pre-Greek together with βάλαρις (bálaris, an unclear plant), βαλλωτή (ballōtḗ, “black horehound”), βάλλις (bállis, “a plant with wonderful medicinal properties”).


φλέδων

grc-noun

φλέδων • (phlédōn) m or f (genitive φλέδονος); third declension

phlédōn (romanization)
φλέδονος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φλέδων (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέδονε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φλέδονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φλέδονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεδόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φλέδονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεδόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φλέδοσῐ (dative plural)
φλέδοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phlédosi (dative plural)
taîs phlédosin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φλέδονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέδονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φλέδονᾰς (accusative plural)
φλέδον (singular vocative)
φλέδονε (dual vocative)
φλέδονες (plural vocative)

The connection with φλήναφος (phlḗnaphos, “babbler; idle talk”) proves a Pre-Greek etymology, in view of the nasalization.


λέρος

λέρος • (léros) m (genitive λέρου); second declension

léros (romanization)
λέρου (genitive)
ὁ λέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέροις (dative plural)
τὸν λέρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέρους (accusative plural)
λέρε (singular vocative)
λέρω (dual vocative)
λέροι (plural vocative)


ἀδίκη

ἀδῐ́κη • (adíkē) f (genitive ἀδῐ́κης); first declension

ἀδῐ́κη (canonical)
adíkē (romanization)
ἀδῐ́κης (genitive)
ἡ ἀδῐ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀδῐ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀδῐ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀδῐ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀδῐ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀδῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀδῐ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀδῐ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀδῐ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀδῐ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀδῐ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀδῐ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀδῐ́κη (singular vocative)
ἀδῐ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀδῐ́και (plural vocative)

The suffix "-ίκη" is found also in ἑλίκη (helíkē) and μυρίκη (muríkē, “tamarisk”). A connection with Proto-West Germanic *natilā (“nettle”) has been proposed. Alternatively it might be a substrate word, maybe from Pre-Greek.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica#Translingual


πυλάων

grc-noun form

πῠλᾱ́ων • (pulā́ōn)

πῠλᾱ́ων (canonical)
pulā́ōn (romanization)


φωτί

φωτῐ́ • (phōtí)


φῶτα

φῶτᾰ • (phôta)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of φῶς (phôs)


υἷε

υἷε • (huîe)

nominative /accusative/vocative dual of υἱός (huiós)


θυμοῦ

θῡμοῦ • (thūmoû)


οὖλον

grc-noun

οὖλον • (oûlon) n (genitive οὔλου); second declension

oûlon (romanization)
οὔλου (genitive)
τὸ οὖλον (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὖλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὔλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὔλων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὔλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔλοις (dative plural)
τὸ οὖλον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὖλᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖλον (singular vocative)
οὔλω (dual vocative)
οὖλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ούλο (oúlo)

The etymology is uncertain. Maybe from the same root of εἰλέω (eiléō, “to press together”) or from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), like ἐλύω (elúō, “to roll around”), εἰλύω (eilúō, “to enfold”), εἴλω (eílō, “to roll up, pack close”), ἑλίσσω (helíssō, “to turn round, to roll”).


θυράων

grc-noun form

θῠρᾱ́ων • (thurā́ōn)

θῠρᾱ́ων (canonical)
thurā́ōn (romanization)


θύρη

grc-noun

θύρη • (thúrē) f (genitive θύρης); first declension

thúrē (romanization)
θύρης (genitive)
θύρη (nominative singular)
θύρᾱ (dual nominative)
θύραι (nominative plural)
θύρης (genitive singular)
θύραιν (dual genitive)
θύραιῐν (dual genitive)
θύρῃῐν (dual genitive)
thúrain (dual genitive)
thúraiin (dual genitive)
thúrēiin (dual genitive)
θυρᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
θυρέ͜ων (genitive plural)
θυρῶν (genitive plural)
θύρῃ (dative singular)
θύραιν (dative dual)
θύραιῐν (dative dual)
θύρῃῐν (dative dual)
thúrain (dative dual)
thúraiin (dative dual)
thúrēiin (dative dual)
θύρῃσῐ (dative plural)
θύρῃσῐν (dative plural)
θύρῃς (dative plural)
θύραις (dative plural)
thúrēisi (dative plural)
thúrēisin (dative plural)
thúrēis (dative plural)
thúrais (dative plural)
θύρην (accusative singular)
θύρᾱ (accusative dual)
θύρᾱς (accusative plural)
θύρη (singular vocative)
θύρᾱ (dual vocative)
θύραι (plural vocative)


καρπαία

καρπαίᾱ • (karpaíā) f (genitive καρπαίᾱς); first declension

καρπαίᾱ (canonical)
karpaíā (romanization)
καρπαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ καρπαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ καρπαίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ καρπαῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς καρπαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρπαίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρπαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ καρπαίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρπαίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς καρπαίαις (dative plural)
τὴν καρπαίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ καρπαίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς καρπαίᾱς (accusative plural)
καρπαίᾱ (singular vocative)
καρπαίᾱ (dual vocative)
καρπαῖαι (plural vocative)

The description of the dance does not allow a comparison with καρπός (karpós, “fruit”). The variations point to a Pre-Greek origin.


λυκάβας

λῠκᾰ́βᾱς • (lukábās) m (genitive λῠκᾰ́βᾰντος); third declension

λῠκᾰ́βᾱς (canonical)
lukábās (romanization)
λῠκᾰ́βᾰντος (genitive)
ὁ λῠκᾰ́βᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκᾰ́βᾰντε (dual nominative)
οἱ λῠκᾰ́βᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠκᾰ́βᾰντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκᾰβᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκᾰβᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠκᾰ́βᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκᾰβᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠκᾰ́βᾱσῐ (dative plural)
λῠκᾰ́βᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs lukábāsi (dative plural)
toîs lukábāsin (dative plural)
τὸν λῠκᾰ́βᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκᾰ́βᾰντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λῠκᾰ́βᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
λῠκᾰ́βᾰν (singular vocative)
λῠκᾰ́βᾰντε (dual vocative)
λῠκᾰ́βᾰντες (plural vocative)

Often derived from an unattested *λύκη (*lúkē, “light”) + *βᾱ́ς (*bā́s, “going”) (seen in βιβᾱ́ς (bibā́s)), as “path of light”, but Beekes finds this unconvincing. He rather suggests a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the alternative form with "μ" and the suffix "-αντ-".


συκόμορος

σῡκόμορος • (sūkómoros) f (genitive σῡκομόρου); second declension

σῡκόμορος (canonical)
sūkómoros (romanization)
σῡκομόρου (genitive)
ἡ σῡκόμορος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡκομόρω (dual nominative)
αἱ σῡκόμοροι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῡκομόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡκομόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡκομόρων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῡκομόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡκομόροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῡκομόροις (dative plural)
τὴν σῡκόμορον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡκομόρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῡκομόρους (accusative plural)
σῡκόμορε (singular vocative)
σῡκομόρω (dual vocative)
σῡκόμοροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sȳcomorus

From σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + μόρον (móron, “mulberry”).

compound

Ficus sycomorus
Ficus sycomorus#Translingual


μαρτιχόρας

grc-noun

μαρτῐχόρᾱς • (martikhórās) m (genitive μαρτῐχόρου); first declension

μαρτῐχόρᾱς (canonical)
martikhórās (romanization)
μαρτῐχόρου (genitive)
ὁ μαρτῐχόρᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρτῐχόραι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρτῐχόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρτῐχορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρτῐχόρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρτῐχόραις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρτῐχόρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρτῐχόρᾱς (accusative plural)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (singular vocative)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual vocative)
μαρτῐχόραι (plural vocative)

→ English: manticore

From Iranian; compare Old Persian 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 (m-r-t-i-y /martiya/, “man, mortal”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”)) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraⁱti, “to consume, eat”).


κασία

grc-noun

κᾰσίᾱ • (kasíā) f (genitive κᾰσίᾱς); first declension

κᾰσίᾱ (canonical)
kasíā (romanization)
κᾰσίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰσίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰσίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰσίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰσιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰσίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰσίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰσίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰσίᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰσίᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰσίᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰσίαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cassia

From a Semitic source equalling Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā), Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā), from קְצַע (qṣaʿ, “to cut off”), referencing the manner the tree produce is reaped.

cog

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā)

Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā)


ῥαφιδοθήκη

grc-noun

ῥαφιδοθήκη • (rhaphidothḗkē) f (genitive ῥαφιδοθήκης); first declension

rhaphidothḗkē (romanization)
ῥαφιδοθήκης (genitive)
ἡ ῥαφιδοθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφιδοθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαφιδοθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφιδοθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφιδοθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφιδοθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφιδοθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφιδοθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφιδοθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαφιδοθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφιδοθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφιδοθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥαφιδοθήκη (singular vocative)
ῥαφιδοθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥαφιδοθῆκαι (plural vocative)

From ῥαφίς (rhaphís, “needle”) and -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, box”).


πορθμός

πορθμός • (porthmós) m (genitive πορθμοῦ); second declension

porthmós (romanization)
πορθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πορθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ πορθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πορθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πορθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πορθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πορθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πορθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πορθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πορθμούς (accusative plural)
πορθμέ (singular vocative)
πορθμώ (dual vocative)
πορθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to carry forth”), the same root of πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), πόρος (póros, “means of passage”), Latin portus (“harbour, port”) and Proto-Germanic *fardiz (“journey”).

der

strait, narrow sea, place crossed by a ferry


χαλαροτήτων

grc-noun form

χᾰλᾰροτήτων • (khalarotḗtōn) f

χᾰλᾰροτήτων (canonical)
khalarotḗtōn (romanization)

genitive plural of χᾰλᾰρότης (khalarótēs)


χαλαρότητες

χᾰλᾰρότητες • (khalarótētes) f

χᾰλᾰρότητες (canonical)
khalarótētes (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of χᾰλᾰρότης (khalarótēs)


πολύγονον

grc-noun

πολύγονον • (polúgonon) n (genitive πολυγόνου); second declension

polúgonon (romanization)
πολυγόνου (genitive)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠγόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠγόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠγόνοις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠ́γονον (singular vocative)
πολῠγόνω (dual vocative)
πολῠ́γονᾰ (plural vocative)

From πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), or neuter of πολύγονος (polúgonos, “prolific”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνος (gónos, “offspring”).

affix

πολύγονον ἄρρεν (árrhen, “male”), knotweed, Polygonum aviculare

Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare#Translingual

πολύγονον θῆλυ (thêlu, “female”), (probably) common mare's tail (Hippuris vulgaris)

Hippuris vulgaris
Hippuris vulgaris#Translingual


χαλαρότητα

grc-noun form

χᾰλᾰρότητᾰ • (khalarótēta) f

χᾰλᾰρότητᾰ (canonical)
khalarótēta (romanization)

accusative singular of χᾰλᾰρότης (khalarótēs)


ἀστράβη

grc-noun

ἀστράβη • (astrábē) f (genitive ἀστράβης); first declension

astrábē (romanization)
ἀστράβης (genitive)
ἡ ἀστράβη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀστράβᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀστράβαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀστράβης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀστράβαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀστραβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀστράβῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀστράβαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀστράβαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀστράβην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀστράβᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀστράβᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀστράβη (singular vocative)
ἀστράβᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀστράβαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Astrabe

A connection with ἀστραβής (astrabḗs, “steadfast”) is improbable. According to Beekes, the variation αβ/απ is well-known in substrate words, so it may well be a Pre-Greek word.


δερμηστής

δερμηστής • (dermēstḗs) m (genitive δερμηστοῦ); first declension

dermēstḗs (romanization)
δερμηστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δερμηστής (nominative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ δερμησταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δερμηστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δερμηστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δερμηστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δερμησταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δερμηστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δερμηστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δερμηστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
δερμηστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δερμησταί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Dermestes

δέρμᾰ (dérma, “skin”) + ἔδω (édō, “eat”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


κύμινδις

grc-noun

κύ̆μινδῐς • (kúmindis) m or f (genitive κῠμίνδῐδος); third declension

κύ̆μινδῐς (canonical)
kúmindis (romanization)
κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κύ̆μινδῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠμίνδῐδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠμινδῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠμίνδῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠμίνδῐσῐ (dative plural)
κῠμίνδῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kumíndisi (dative plural)
taîs kumíndisin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠμίνδῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠμίνδῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
κύ̆μινδῐς (singular vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδε (dual vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cybindis

Clearly a loanword, because of the suffix "-νδ-"; perhaps of Anatolian or Pre-Greek origin.


ἴλη

ῑ̓́λη • (ī́lē) f (genitive ἴλης); first declension

ῑ̓́λη (canonical)
ī́lē (romanization)
ἴλης (genitive)
ἡ ῑ̓́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἶλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓λῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῑ̓́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓́λη (singular vocative)
ῑ̓́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ἶλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίλη (íli)

Perhaps a nominal formation from ἴλλω (íllō, “to press together”), from Proto-Indo-European *wi-wl-e, a reduplicative formation from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to press together”), whence also εἴλω (eílō, “to shut in, press”); see there for more discussion.

der

subdivision of the ἀγέλη (agélē) at Sparta


ἀρτέμων

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρτέμων • (artémōn) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρτέμονος); third declension

ᾰ̓ρτέμων (canonical)
artémōn (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρτέμονος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓ρτέμων (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτέμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓ρτέμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ρτέμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτεμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρτεμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ρτέμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτεμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ρτέμοσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓ρτέμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs artémosi (dative plural)
toîs artémosin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓ρτέμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτέμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ρτέμονᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρτέμον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτέμονε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτέμονες (plural vocative)

Greek: αρτέμονας (artémonas)

→ Arabic: أَرْدَمُون (ʔardamūn)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܐܰܪܛܶܡܘܿܢܳܐ (arṭemōnā)

desctree

→ Latin: artemōn
Catalan: artimó
French: artimon
Italian: artimone
Norman: artimon
Portuguese: artimão
Spanish: artemón
→ English: artemon

From ἀρτάω (artáō, “to attach”) + -μων (-mōn).


σίγλος

grc-noun

σίγλος • (síglos) m (genitive σίγλου); second declension

síglos (romanization)
σίγλου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́γλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́γλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́γλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐ́γλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́γλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐ́γλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐ́γλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́γλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐ́γλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́γλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́γλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐ́γλους (accusative plural)
σῐ́γλε (singular vocative)
σῐ́γλω (dual vocative)
σῐ́γλοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: siclus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Georgian: სიკლაჲ (siḳlay)

shekel, a currency used in ancient Israel


χρυσόλιθος

χρῡσόλιθος • (khrūsólithos) m (genitive χρῡσολίθου); second declension

χρῡσόλιθος (canonical)
khrūsólithos (romanization)
χρῡσολίθου (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσόλιθος (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσόλιθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσολίθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσολίθων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσολίθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσολίθοις (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόλιθον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσολίθους (accusative plural)
χρῡσόλιθε (singular vocative)
χρῡσολίθω (dual vocative)
χρῡσόλιθοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chrysolithus

desc

→ Old Armenian: ոսկեքար (oskekʻar) (calque)

→ Old Georgian: ოქროქვაჲ (okrokvay) (calque)

From χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


ἰσθμός

grc-noun

ῐ̓σθμός • (isthmós) m (genitive ῐ̓σθμοῦ); second declension

ῐ̓σθμός (canonical)
isthmós (romanization)
ῐ̓σθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̓σθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓σθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̓σθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓σθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓σθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓σθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓σθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓σθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓σθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̓σθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓σθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̓σθμούς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓σθμέ (singular vocative)
ῐ̓σθμώ (dual vocative)
ῐ̓σθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ισθμός (isthmós)

→ Latin: isthmus

→ English: isthmus

→ French: isthme

→ Italian: istmo

A derivation from εἶμῐ (eîmi, “to go or come”) with a suffix -θμο- has been assumed, comparing also Old Norse eið (“isthmus”). However, the -σ- is unexplained, so the word could well be of Pre-Greek origin.

neck, narrow passage of the body
(anatomy) pharynx, fauces

neck, narrow passage of the body
pharynx, fauces

neck of land between two seas; isthmus
narrow ridge

neck of land between two seas; isthmus
strait, narrow channel (of the sea)


ῥόα

ῥόα • (rhóa) f (genitive ῥόᾱς); first declension

rhóa (romanization)
ῥόᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥόᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥόαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥόᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥοῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥόᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥόαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥόᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥόᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥόᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥόᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥόαι (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”), because of the richness of the juice, with hypothetical original form *ῥοϝ-ιά (*rhow-iá). However, a Pre-Greek origin remains a serious option for this word. Phonetically, the variation in the series ῥοιή : ῥοιά: ῥόα can be compared with that seen in χροιή : χροιά (khroiá, “skin”) : χρόα.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


σκόλυβος

head

σκόλυβος • (skólubos)

Like σκόλυμος (skólumos, “kind of thistle”), from Pre-Greek.

Hesychius gives the definition as: ἐσθιόμενος βολβός (esthiómenos bolbós, literally “edible tassel hyacinth”).


ἵππουρις

grc-noun

ἵππουρῐς • (híppouris) f (genitive ἱππούρῐδος); third declension

ἵππουρῐς (canonical)
híppouris (romanization)
ἱππούρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ἵππουρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἱππούρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἱππούρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱππουρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱππουρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἱππούρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱππουρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἱππούρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ἱππούρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hippoúrisi (dative plural)
taîs hippoúrisin (dative plural)
τὴν ἱππούρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἱππούρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἵππουρῐς (singular vocative)
ἱππούρῐδε (dual vocative)
ἱππούρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Hippuris

From ἵππουρος (híppouros, “horse-tailed”) + -ῐς (-is, forms feminine nouns).

affix

complaint in the groin, caused by constant riding


κίκι

grc-noun

κίκῐ • (kíki) n (genitive κίκεως); third declension

κίκῐ (canonical)
kíki (romanization)
κίκεως (genitive)
τὸ κῐ́κῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́κει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́κη (nominative plural)
κῐ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́κεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́κεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́κει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
κῐ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kíkesi (dative plural)
toîs kíkesin (dative plural)
τὸ κῐ́κῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́κει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́κη (accusative plural)
κῐ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
κῐ́κῐ (singular vocative)
κῐ́κει (dual vocative)
κῐ́κη (plural vocative)
κῐ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: cici

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual


ἀλόχῳ

grc-noun form

ἀλόχῳ • (alókhōi)


χλαίνας

χλαίνᾱς • (khlaínās)

χλαίνᾱς (canonical)
khlaínās (romanization)


εὐνῇ

εὐνῇ • (eunêi)


κῆρι

κῆρῐ • (kêri)


κάρηνα

κᾰ́ρηνᾰ • (kárēna)

κᾰ́ρηνᾰ (canonical)
kárēna (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon)


κειμήλια

κειμήλῐᾰ • (keimḗlia)

κειμήλῐᾰ (canonical)
keimḗlia (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of κειμήλῐον (keimḗlion)


ὀφρύσι

ὀφρῠ́σῐ • (ophrúsi)

ὀφρῠ́σῐ (canonical)
ophrúsi (romanization)


οἰῶν

οἰῶν • (oiôn)


Λυκάονος

Λῠκᾱ́ονος • (Lukā́onos)

Λῠκᾱ́ονος (canonical)
Lukā́onos (romanization)


ὀφθαλμῶν

genitive plural of ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós)


κραδίην

κρᾰδῐ́ην • (kradíēn)

κρᾰδῐ́ην (canonical)
kradíēn (romanization)


ἀπόκυνον

grc-noun

ἀπόκυνον • (apókunon) n (genitive ἀποκύνου); second declension

apókunon (romanization)
ἀποκύνου (genitive)
τὸ ἀπόκυνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποκύνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀπόκυνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀποκύνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποκύνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποκύνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀποκύνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποκύνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀποκύνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀπόκυνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποκύνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀπόκυνᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀπόκυνον (singular vocative)
ἀποκύνω (dual vocative)
ἀπόκυνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: apocynon

→ Translingual: Apocynum

From ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) + κύων (kúōn, “dog”); literally "dog away". So called because the plant is toxic to dogs.


καλαῦροψ

grc-noun

κᾰλαῦροψ • (kalaûrops) f (genitive κᾰλαύροπος); third declension

κᾰλαῦροψ (canonical)
kalaûrops (romanization)
κᾰλαύροπος (genitive)
ἡ κᾰλαῦροψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰλαύροπε (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰλαύροπες (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰλαύροπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλαυρόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλαυρόπων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰλαύροπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλαυρόποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰλαύροψῐ (dative plural)
κᾰλαύροψῐν (dative plural)
taîs kalaúropsi (dative plural)
taîs kalaúropsin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰλαύροπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰλαύροπε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰλαύροπᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰλαῦροψ (singular vocative)
κᾰλαύροπε (dual vocative)
κᾰλαύροπες (plural vocative)

Explained as an Aeolic compound "καλα-ϝροψ" by Schwyzer and Chantraine, but with unexplained second member. The comparison of the first member with Sanskrit शल (śala, “spear, staff”) or with κλάω (kláō, “to break”) must be forgotten. According to Beekes, it is a typical Pre-Greek word.

shepherd's staff or crook, which was thrown so as to drive back the cattle


ὀπή

ὀπή • (opḗ) f (genitive ὀπῆς); first declension

opḗ (romanization)
ὀπῆς (genitive)
ἡ ὀπή (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀπαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀπῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀπῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀπαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ὀπήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀπᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ὀπή (singular vocative)
ὀπᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ὀπαί (plural vocative)

Greek: οπή (opí)

From the radical *ὀπ- (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-), the same root of ὄμμα (ómma, “eye”).

(architecture) hole in the frieze left to receive the beam-ends


ἦλον

ἦλον • (êlon) n (genitive ἤλου); second declension

êlon (romanization)
ἤλου (genitive)
τὸ ἦλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἤλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἦλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦλον (singular vocative)
ἤλω (dual vocative)
ἦλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unexplained, but probably related to μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).

unk

Unexplained


ἄλλιξ

grc-noun

ἄλλῐξ • (állix) f (genitive ἄλλῐκος); third declension

ἄλλῐξ (canonical)
állix (romanization)
ἄλλῐκος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́λλῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λλῐκε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́λλῐκες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́λλῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λλῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́λλῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λλῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́λλῐξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́λλῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs állixi (dative plural)
taîs állixin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́λλῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λλῐκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́λλῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λλῐξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λλῐκε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λλῐκες (plural vocative)

The word is supposed to be Thessalian, but the origin remains unknown; Latin alicula (“short tunic”) also belongs here.

unk

unknown


μετόπη

grc-noun

μετόπη • (metópē) f (genitive μετόπης); first declension

metópē (romanization)
μετόπης (genitive)
ἡ μετόπη (nominative singular)
τὼ μετόπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μετόπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μετόπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετόπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετοπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μετόπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετόπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μετόπαις (dative plural)
τὴν μετόπην (accusative singular)
τὼ μετόπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μετόπᾱς (accusative plural)
μετόπη (singular vocative)
μετόπᾱ (dual vocative)
μετόπαι (plural vocative)

→ English: metope

From μετᾰ- (meta-, “in the midst of”) + ὀπή (opḗ, “hole, opening”).


τρύπανον

grc-noun

τρῡ́πανον • (trū́panon) n (genitive τρῡπάνου); second declension

τρῡ́πανον (canonical)
trū́panon (romanization)
τρῡπάνου (genitive)
τὸ τρῡ́πανον (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῡπάνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τρῡ́πανᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρῡπάνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῡπάνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῡπάνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρῡπάνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῡπάνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρῡπάνοις (dative plural)
τὸ τρῡ́πανον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῡπάνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τρῡ́πανᾰ (accusative plural)
τρῡ́πανον (singular vocative)
τρῡπάνω (dual vocative)
τρῡ́πανᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: trepanum

→ Old French: trepan

French: trépan

→ Middle English: trepan

→ English: trepan

Italian: trapano

→ Spanish: trépano

→ Mingrelian: ტრუპანტი (ṭruṗanṭi)

Ultimately from τρῡπάω (trūpáō, “to bore”).


ὀδόντες

grc-noun form

ὀδόντες • (odóntes)

nominative/vocative plural of ὀδούς (odoús)


ἔδοντες

Aeolic form of ὀδόντες (odóntes, “teeth”)