κύλινδρος

κῠ́λινδρος • (kúlindros) m (genitive κῠλίνδρου); second declension

κῠ́λινδρος (canonical)
kúlindros (romanization)
κῠλίνδρου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́λινδρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠλίνδρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́λινδροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠλίνδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠλίνδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠλίνδρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠλίνδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠλίνδροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠλίνδροις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́λινδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠλίνδρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠλίνδρους (accusative plural)
κῠ́λινδρε (singular vocative)
κῠλίνδρω (dual vocative)
κῠ́λινδροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κύλινδρος (kýlindros)

desctree

→ Latin: cylindrus
→ Albanian: cilindër
→ Danish: cylinder
→ Dutch: cilinder, cylinder (superseded)
Afrikaans: silinder
→ Caribbean Javanese: slènder
→ Indonesian: silinder
→ Middle French: chilindre
French: cylindre
→ Ottoman Turkish: سلندر (silinder), سیلندر (silindir)
Turkish: silindir
→ Romanian: cilindru
→ English: cylinder
→ Japanese: シリンダー (shirindā)
→ Korean: 실린더 (sillindeo)
→ Galician: cilindro
→ German: Zylinder, Cylinder (obsolete)
→ Russian: цилиндр (cilindr)
→ Mongolian: цилиндр (cilindr)
→ Uyghur: سىلىندىر (silindir)
→ Ukrainian: циліндр (cylindr)
→ Yiddish: צילינדער (tsilinder)
→ Italian: cilindro
→ Norwegian: sylinder
→ Portuguese: cilindro
→ Spanish: cilindro
→ Swedish: cylinder

→ Medieval Latin: calandrus
→ Middle French: calandre, calende
French: calandre
→ English: calander
→ Dutch: kalander, klander
Afrikaans: kalander

round stone, tumbler, marble (child's toy)


ἄσβεστος

grc-noun

ἄσβεστος • (ásbestos) f (genitive ἄσβέστου); second declension

ásbestos (romanization)
ἄσβέστου (genitive)
ἡ ἄσβεστος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσβέστω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄσβεστοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀσβέστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσβέστοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσβέστων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀσβέστῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσβέστοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀσβέστοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄσβεστον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσβέστω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀσβέστους (accusative plural)
ἄσβεστε (singular vocative)
ἀσβέστω (dual vocative)
ἄσβεστοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άσβεστος f (ásvestos, “lime”)

desc

⇒ Greek: ασβέστιον n (asvéstion, “lime”)

Byzantine Greek: ασβέστιν n (asbéstin)

q

Greek: ασβέστι n (asvésti), ασβέστης m (asvéstis, “lime”) (the second being a misinterpretation of the form ασβέστιν as masculine accusative ασβέστην)

→ Russian: и́звесть f (ízvestʹ, “lime”)

desc

→ Greek: ασβέστιο n (asvéstio, “calcium”)

→ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unƕapnands) (calque)

→ Latin: asbestos m

Catalan: asbest

Old French: abestos, abeston

French: asbeste

→ Danish: asbest c

→ Dutch: asbest n

→ Estonian: asbest

→ German: Asbest

→ Russian: асбе́ст m (asbést)

→ Norwegian: asbest

→ Swedish: asbest c

→ Middle Dutch: asbeston

→ English: asbestos

→ Middle High German: aspindē, aspindei (“wood that neither rots nor burns”); bestēōn, bestīōn, abestō, abestōn (“amianthus”)

Portuguese: asbesto

Spanish: asbesto

→ Esperanto: asbesto

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + σβεστός (sbestós), participle of σβέννυμι (sbénnumi, “I quench, quell”). The noun is shortened from ἄσβεστος τίτανος (títanos).


κυβερνήτης

grc-noun

κῠβερνήτης • (kubernḗtēs) m (genitive κῠβερνήτου); first declension

κῠβερνήτης (canonical)
kubernḗtēs (romanization)
κῠβερνήτου (genitive)
ὁ κῠβερνήτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνήτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠβερνῆται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠβερνήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνήταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠβερνητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠβερνήτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνήταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠβερνήταις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠβερνήτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνήτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠβερνήτᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠβερνῆτᾰ (singular vocative)
κῠβερνήτᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠβερνῆται (plural vocative)

Greek: κυβερνήτης (kyvernítis)

English: Kubernetes

κῠβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer”) + -της (-tēs)


βάραθρον

grc-noun

βᾰ́ρᾰθρον • (bárathron) n (genitive βᾰρᾰ́θρου); second declension

βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (canonical)
bárathron (romanization)
βᾰρᾰ́θρου (genitive)
τὸ βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́θρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́ρᾰθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰρᾰ́θρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́θροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰρᾰ́θρων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰρᾰ́θρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́θροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰρᾰ́θροις (dative plural)
τὸ βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́θρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́ρᾰθρᾰ (accusative plural)
βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (singular vocative)
βᾰρᾰ́θρω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́ρᾰθρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: βάραθρο (várathro)

Latin: barathrum

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”). Compare Latin vorāgō.

der

gulf, cleft, pit (especially one at Athens behind the acropolis into which criminals were thrown)


λοχαγός

grc-noun

λοχᾱγός • (lokhāgós) m (genitive λοχᾱγοῦ); second declension

λοχᾱγός (canonical)
lokhāgós (romanization)
λοχᾱγοῦ (genitive)

→ Italian: locago

Compound of λόχος (lókhos, “a file in the phalanx”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) + -ος (-os).

compound

(military) leader of an armed band, especially the commander of a company (100 men)


μισογυνία

grc-noun

μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ • (mīsoguníā) f (genitive μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
mīsoguníā (romanization)
μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῑσογῠνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῑσογῠνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῑσογῠνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῑσογῠνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῑσογῠνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μῑσογῠνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μῑσογῠνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: misogínia

→ English: misogyny

→ French: misogynie

From μῑσόγῠνος (mīsógunos, “hating women”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”).


μισογύνης

grc-noun

μῑσογῠ́νης • (mīsogúnēs) m (genitive μῑσογῠ́νου); first declension

μῑσογῠ́νης (canonical)
mīsogúnēs (romanization)
μῑσογῠ́νου (genitive)
ὁ μῑσογῠ́νης (nominative singular)
τὼ μῑσογῠ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μῑσογῠ́ναι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῑσογῠ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῑσογῠ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῑσογῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῑσογῠ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῑσογῠ́ναιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῑσογῠ́ναις (dative plural)
τὸν μῑσογῠ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ μῑσογῠ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῑσογῠ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
μῑσογῠ́νη (singular vocative)
μῑσογῠ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
μῑσογῠ́ναι (plural vocative)

From μῑσόγῠνος (mīsógunos, “hating women”) + -ης (-ēs).


σημασία

grc-noun

σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
sēmasíā (romanization)
σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σημᾰσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημᾰσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημᾰσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σημᾰσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημᾰσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σημᾰσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σημᾰσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σημᾰσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

?Greek: σημασία (simasía)

(frequently in grammar) meaning, signification

indication, designation
meaning, signification
the title of a work by Chrysippus

indication, designation
(music) notation

(in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance

in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία


γαλήνη

γᾰλήνη • (galḗnē) f (genitive γᾰλήνης); first declension

γᾰλήνη (canonical)
galḗnē (romanization)
γᾰλήνης (genitive)
ἡ γᾰλήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰλῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰλήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰληνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰλήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰλήναις (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰλήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰλήνᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλήνη (singular vocative)
γᾰλήνᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλῆναι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵelh₂-, the same root of γελάω (geláō, “to laugh”). This word must originally have meant "cheerfulness"; compare also γελεῖν (geleîn, “to shine, flourish”).

calm, stillness of wind or sea
serenity, tranquility, calmness


πατρός

head

πᾰτρός • (patrós)

πᾰτρός (canonical)
patrós (romanization)


μητρός

μητρός • (mētrós)


φυλακή

grc-noun

φῠλᾰκή • (phulakḗ) f (genitive φῠλᾰκῆς); first declension

φῠλᾰκή (canonical)
phulakḗ (romanization)
φῠλᾰκῆς (genitive)
ἡ φῠλᾰκή (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠλᾰκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῠλᾰκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς φῠλᾰκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠλᾰκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠλᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῠλᾰκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠλᾰκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῠλᾰκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φῠλᾰκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠλᾰκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῠλᾰκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φῠλᾰκή (singular vocative)
φῠλᾰκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φῠλᾰκαί (plural vocative)

Greek: φυλακή (fylakí)


κοινωνία

κοινωνίᾱ • (koinōníā) f (genitive κοινωνίᾱς); first declension

κοινωνίᾱ (canonical)
koinōníā (romanization)
κοινωνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κοινωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κοινωνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κοινωνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κοινωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοινωνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοινωνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κοινωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοινωνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κοινωνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κοινωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοινωνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κοινωνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοινωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοινωνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοινωνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοινωνία (koinonía)

→ English: koinonia

desc

→ Indonesian: persekutuan (semantic loan)

From κοινωνός (koinōnós, “companion, partner”) (from κοινός (koinós, “common, shared”)) + -ίᾱ (-íā).

communion, association, partnership, fellowship


δημιουργός

grc-noun

δημῐουργός • (dēmiourgós) m (genitive δημῐουργοῦ); second declension

δημῐουργός (canonical)
dēmiourgós (romanization)
δημῐουργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δημῐουργός (nominative singular)
τὼ δημῐουργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ δημῐουργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δημῐουργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δημῐουργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δημῐουργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δημῐουργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν δημῐουργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δημῐουργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δημῐουργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ δημῐουργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δημῐουργούς (accusative plural)
δημῐουργέ (singular vocative)
δημῐουργώ (dual vocative)
δημῐουργοί (plural vocative)

From an earlier unattested *δημιο-ϝεργός (*dēmio-wergós), from a univerbation of δήμια ἔργᾰ (dḗmia érga). By surface analysis, δήμῐος (dḗmios, “public”) + ουργός (ourgós, “worker”); for the second element, compare ἔργον (érgon, “labor, work”).

surf

ὀρφναίη δ’ ἐπίκουρος ἐπαύετο δαιμονίη νύξ, ἡ πλείων, τάχα δ’ ὄρθρος ἐγίγνετο δημιοεργός

7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Hermes

but his dark ally the divine night was almost over, and dawn the craftsman was quickly coming / Note: dawn is called ‘the craftsman’ because it wakes craftsmen and other people and makes them turn to their crafts.

orphnaíē d’ epíkouros epaúeto daimoníē núx, hē pleíōn, tákha d’ órthros egígneto dēmioergós

ἆρ’ οὐκ Ἐρινὺς τοῦτ’ ἐχάλκευσεν ξίφος κἀκεῖνον Ἅιδης, δημιουργὸς ἄγριος?

Didn't the Fury forge this sword and Hades, the cruel craftsman, that [belt]?

âr’ ouk Erinùs toût’ ekhálkeusen xíphos kakeînon Háidēs, dēmiourgòs ágrios?

κάρτα γὰρ μεγάλην ὠφελίην περιποιήσει τοῖς γε νοσέουσι καὶ τοῖς τούτων δημιουργοῖς.

circa 1st century AD, Hippocrates, Precepts 2, (author unknown)

For it will confer a big help to the sick anyway and to practitioners in this field.

kárta gàr megálēn ōphelíēn peripoiḗsei toîs ge noséousi kaì toîs toútōn dēmiourgoîs.

one who works for the people, a skilled workman, handicraftsman

(in some Peloponnesian states) magistrate


θυμέλη

grc-noun

θῠμέλη • (thumélē) f (genitive θῠμέλης); first declension

θῠμέλη (canonical)
thumélē (romanization)
θῠμέλης (genitive)
ἡ θῠμέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠμέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θῠμέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θῠμέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠμέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠμελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θῠμέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠμέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θῠμέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν θῠμέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠμέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θῠμέλᾱς (accusative plural)
θῠμέλη (singular vocative)
θῠμέλᾱ (dual vocative)
θῠμέλαι (plural vocative)

In Athenian theater, the altar of Dionysus, an altar shaped platform in the middle of the orchestra, upon which stood the leader of the chorus.


ἀρήν

ᾰ̓ρήν • (arḗn) m or f (genitive ᾰ̓ρνός); third declension

ᾰ̓ρήν (canonical)
arḗn (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρνός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄρνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄρνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
ἄρνεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἄρνεσσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs arnási (dative plural)
taîs arnásin (dative plural)
árnessi (dative plural)
árnessin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄρνα (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄρνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἄρνας (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρήν (singular vocative)
ἄρνε (dual vocative)
ἄρνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐ(ν), ἄρνεσσῐ(ν)

From Proto-Hellenic *warḗn, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₁ḗn (“lamb”). Cognates include Latin vervēx (“wether”), Sanskrit उरण (úraṇa) and Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn).


ἄλγος

grc-noun

ἄλγος • (álgos) n (genitive ἄλγεος or ἄλγους); third declension

álgos (romanization)
ἄλγεος (genitive)
ἄλγους (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λγει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λγη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́λγους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́λγει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́λγεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs álgesi (dative plural)
toîs álgesin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λγος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λγει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λγη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγη (plural vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγος (nominative singular)
ᾰ̓́λγει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́λγεε (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́λγεᾰ (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́λγευς (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓λγέοιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̓λγέων (genitive plural)
ᾰ̓́λγει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́λγεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ᾰ̓λγέοιν (dative dual)
ᾰ̓́λγεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγεσῐν (dative plural)
álgesi (dative plural)
álgesin (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγος (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓́λγει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́λγεε (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́λγεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λγος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λγεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άλγος n (álgos, “pain”)

→ English: -algia, -algy

Disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- (“to care”).

Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληιάδεω Ἀχιλῆος οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί’ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε’ ἔθηκε.

Translation by Samuel Butler
Sing, O goddess, the rage of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.

Mênin áeide, theá, Pēlēiádeō Akhilêos ouloménēn, hḕ murí’ Akhaioîs álge’ éthēke.

pain (of either mind or body), sorrow, trouble, grief, distress, woe


μάθημα

μάθημα • (máthēma) n (genitive μαθήματος); third declension

máthēma (romanization)
μαθήματος (genitive)
τὸ μάθημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μαθήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μαθήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαθήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαθημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαθημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ μαθήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαθημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαθήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
μαθήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mathḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs mathḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ μάθημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μαθήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μαθήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
μάθημᾰ (singular vocative)
μαθήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
μαθήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From the root of μανθάνω (manthánō, “I learn”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).

suffix

(often in the plural) the mathematical sciences in particular, the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and astrology, harmonics


κάκτος

grc-noun

κᾰ́κτος • (káktos) f or m (genitive κᾰ́κτου); second declension

κᾰ́κτος (canonical)
káktos (romanization)
κᾰ́κτου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κᾰ́κτος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́κτω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κᾰ́κτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κᾰ́κτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́κτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́κτων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κᾰ́κτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́κτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κᾰ́κτοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́κτον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́κτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́κτους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́κτε (singular vocative)
κᾰ́κτω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́κτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κάκτος (káktos)

Latin: cactus (see there for further descendants)

A foreign loan, possibly from Pre-Greek.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 6.4.10

340 BCE – 285 BCE, Philitas, Collected Works 16

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 10.4

Antig., Mir. 8

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Alex. 33

Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculus#Translingual

(feminine) the cardoon, Cynara cardunculus

540 BCE – 450 BCE, Epicharmus, Collected Works 159

(masculine) the artichoke (the fruit of the cardoon); also, the cardoon’s edible leaf-stalks


στερέωμα

στερέωμᾰ • (steréōma) n (genitive στερεώμᾰτος); third declension

στερέωμᾰ (canonical)
steréōma (romanization)
στερεώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ στερέωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ στερεώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στερεώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στερεώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στερεωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στερεωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ στερεώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στερεωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στερεώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
στερεώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stereṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs stereṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ στερέωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στερεώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στερεώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
στερέωμᾰ (singular vocative)
στερεώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
στερεώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: στερέωμα (steréoma)

From στερεόω (stereóō) + -μα (-ma), from στερεός (stereós, “firm, solid”).


γόνος

γόνος • (gónos) m or f (genitive γόνου); second declension

gónos (romanization)
γόνου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ γόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ γόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ γόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς γόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ γόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς γόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν γόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ γόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γόνους (accusative plural)
γόνε (singular vocative)
γόνω (dual vocative)
γόνοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os (“race”). Equivalent to γίγνομαι (gígnomai) + -ος (-os). Cognate to Sanskrit जन (jana, “human, race, people”).

cog

That which is begotten: child, grandchild, offspring


ἕσπερος

grc-noun

ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m (genitive ἑσπέρου); second declension

hésperos (romanization)
ἑσπέρου (genitive)
ὁ ἕσπερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑσπέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἕσπεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑσπέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑσπέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑσπέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑσπέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑσπέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑσπέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ἕσπερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑσπέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἑσπέρους (accusative plural)
ἕσπερε (singular vocative)
ἑσπέρω (dual vocative)
ἕσπεροι (plural vocative)

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Proto-Hellenic *wésperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening”). Cognates include Latin vesper, Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer), and Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ).

ἕσπερος ἀστήρ
ἕσπερος ἀστήρ#Ancient_Greek

the evening star, Venus (shortened form of ἕσπερος ἀστήρ (hésperos astḗr))


λόγοι

grc-noun form

λόγοι • (lógoi)

nominative/vocative plural of λόγος (lógos)


λόγια

λόγῐᾰ • (lógia)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of λόγιον (lógion)


ἑσπέρα

grc-noun

ἑσπέρᾱ • (hespérā) f (genitive ἑσπέρᾱς); first declension

ἑσπέρᾱ (canonical)
hespérā (romanization)
ἑσπέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἑσπέρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑσπέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἑσπέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἑσπέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑσπέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑσπερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἑσπέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑσπέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἑσπέραις (dative plural)
τὴν ἑσπέρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑσπέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἑσπέρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἑσπέρᾱ (singular vocative)
ἑσπέρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἑσπέραι (plural vocative)

Greek: εσπέρα (espéra)

Mariupol Greek: спе́ра (spjéra)

Tsakonian: επφέρζι (epférzi)

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
Ellipsis of ἑσπέρᾱ ὥρᾱ (hespérā hṓrā, “time of evening”), from ἕσπερος (hésperos, “of evening, western”).


ποινή

ποινή • (poinḗ) f (genitive ποινῆς); first declension

poinḗ (romanization)
ποινῆς (genitive)
ἡ ποινή (nominative singular)
τὼ ποινᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ποιναί (nominative plural)
τῆς ποινῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ποινῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ποιναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ποινήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποινᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ποινᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ποινή (singular vocative)
ποινᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ποιναί (plural vocative)

Greek: ποινή (poiní)

→ Latin: poena (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (“payment; punishment, vengeance”).

inh

fine, ransom, penalty, penance, satisfaction


θεατής

grc-noun

θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension

θεᾱτής (canonical)
theātḗs (romanization)
θεᾱτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θεᾱτής (nominative singular)
τὼ θεᾱτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ θεᾱταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεᾱτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεᾱταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεᾱτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θεᾱτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεᾱταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεᾱταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θεᾱτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ θεᾱτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θεᾱτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
θεᾱτᾰ́ (singular vocative)
θεᾱτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
θεᾱταί (plural vocative)

θεάομαι (theáomai, “to gaze at”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix)

affix

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.139

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 575

spectator, member of the audience in the theater

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1098a.31


θεολόγος

grc-noun

θεολόγος • (theológos) m (genitive θεολόγου); second declension

theológos (romanization)
θεολόγου (genitive)
ὁ θεολόγος (nominative singular)
τὼ θεολόγω (dual nominative)
οἱ θεολόγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεολόγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεολόγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεολόγων (genitive plural)
τῷ θεολόγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεολόγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεολόγοις (dative plural)
τὸν θεολόγον (accusative singular)
τὼ θεολόγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θεολόγους (accusative plural)
θεολόγε (singular vocative)
θεολόγω (dual vocative)
θεολόγοι (plural vocative)

Greek: θεολόγος (theológos)

→ Latin: theologus (see there for further descendants)

From θεός (theós, “god”) + -λόγος (-lógos, “-logist”).

af

one who speaks of God and the divine nature, a theologian


πνεύμων

grc-noun

πνεύμων • (pneúmōn) m (genitive πνεύμονος); third declension

pneúmōn (romanization)
πνεύμονος (genitive)
ὁ πνεύμων (nominative singular)
τὼ πνεύμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πνεύμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνεύμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνευμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνευμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πνεύμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνευμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνεύμοσῐ (dative plural)
πνεύμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pneúmosi (dative plural)
toîs pneúmosin (dative plural)
τὸν πνεύμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνεύμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πνεύμονᾰς (accusative plural)
πνεῦμον (singular vocative)
πνεύμονε (dual vocative)
πνεύμονες (plural vocative)

Greek: πνεύμονας (pnévmonas)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
Alteration of πλεύμων (pleúmōn) influenced by πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”) / πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath”).


σύνοδος

grc-noun

σῠ́νοδος • (súnodos) f (genitive σῠνόδου); second declension

σῠ́νοδος (canonical)
súnodos (romanization)
σῠνόδου (genitive)
ἡ σῠ́νοδος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνόδω (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠ́νοδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνόδων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνόδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνόδοις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́νοδον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνόδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνόδους (accusative plural)
σῠ́νοδε (singular vocative)
σῠνόδω (dual vocative)
σῠ́νοδοι (plural vocative)

→ English: synod

→ French: synode

Greek: σύνοδος (sýnodos)

→ Latin: synodus

→ Russian: сино́д m (sinód)

From σῠν- (sun-, “with”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way, path”).

af

(in the plural) political associations, conspiracies


ἱπποφοβάς

grc-noun

ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δος

ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́ς • (hippophobás) f (genitive ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δος); third declension

ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́ς (canonical)
hippophobás (romanization)
ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs hippophobási (dative plural)
taîs hippophobásin (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̔πποφοβᾰ́δος

From ῐ̔́ππος (híppos, “horse”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás).


δύσπνοια

grc-noun

δῠ́σπνοιᾰ • (dúspnoia) f (genitive δῠσπνοἰᾱς); first declension

δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (canonical)
dúspnoia (romanization)
δῠσπνοἰᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῠσπνοίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῠ́σπνοιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῠσπνοίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῠσπνοίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῠσπνοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῠσπνοίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῠσπνοίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῠσπνοίαις (dative plural)
τὴν δῠ́σπνοιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῠσπνοίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῠσπνοίᾱς (accusative plural)
δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (singular vocative)
δῠσπνοίᾱ (dual vocative)
δῠ́σπνοιαι (plural vocative)

From δύσπνοος (dúspnoos, “short of breath”, adjective) (also δύσπνους (dúspnous) by contraction) + -ῐᾰ (-ia, suffix forming abstract nouns), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad-, hard-, ill-”) + πνέω (pnéō, “blow, breathe”) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives).

af

also <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δύσπνους</i> (dúspnous) by contraction

affix

difficulty breathing, shortness of breath


πρόγραμμα

grc-noun

προγράμμᾰτος

πρόγραμμᾰ • (prógramma) n (genitive προγράμμᾰτος); third declension

πρόγραμμᾰ (canonical)
prógramma (romanization)
προγράμμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πρόγρᾰμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν προγρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προγρᾰμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν προγρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προγρᾰ́μμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
προγρᾰ́μμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs prográmmasi (dative plural)
toîs prográmmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πρόγρᾰμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ προγρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόγρᾰμμᾰ (singular vocative)
προγρᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual vocative)
προγρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

προγράμματος

→ English: programma

Greek: πρόγραμμα (prógramma)

→ Latin: programma

→ Albanian: program

→ Asturian: programa (learned)

→ Catalan: programa (learned)

→ Czech: program

desctree

→ Dutch: programma
→ Caribbean Javanese: programah
→ Indonesian: programa

→ Estonian: programm

→ French: programme (learned)
→ English: program
→ Malay: program
→ Tok Pisin: program
→ Polish: program
→ Romanian: program
→ Persian: پروگرام (porogrâm)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پروغرام (program)
Turkish: program

→ Friulian: program (learned)

→ Galician: programa (learned)

→ German: Programm

→ Hungarian: program

→ Italian: programma (learned)

→ Ladino: program (learned)

→ Lithuanian: programa

→ Luxembourgish: Programm

→ Norman: programme (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: program

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: program

→ Polish: program

→ Portuguese: programa (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: prògram

→ Slovak: program

→ Spanish: programa (learned)
→ Chavacano: programa

→ Swedish: program

→ Welsh: rhaglen (calque)


διαστολή

grc-noun

δῐᾰστολή • (diastolḗ) f (genitive δῐᾰστολῆς); first declension

δῐᾰστολή (canonical)
diastolḗ (romanization)
δῐᾰστολῆς (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰστολή (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰστολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰστολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰστολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰστολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰστολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰστολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰστολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰστολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰστολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰστολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰστολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰστολή (singular vocative)
δῐᾰστολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰστολαί (plural vocative)

→ English: diastole

→ Finnish: diastole

→ French: diastole

→ Dutch: diastole

Greek: διαστολή (diastolí)

→ Italian: diastole

→ Latin: diastolē

→ German: Diastole

→ Norwegian Bokmål: diastole

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: diastole

From διαστέλλω (diastéllō) + -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “send”).


μισθοφόρος

grc-noun

μισθοφόρος • (misthophóros) m (genitive μισθοφόρου); second declension

misthophóros (romanization)
μισθοφόρου (genitive)
ὁ μισθοφόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μισθοφόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μισθοφόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μισθοφόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μισθοφόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μισθοφόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μισθοφόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μισθοφόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μισθοφόροις (dative plural)
τὸν μισθοφόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μισθοφόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μισθοφόρους (accusative plural)
μισθοφόρε (singular vocative)
μισθοφόρω (dual vocative)
μισθοφόροι (plural vocative)

From μισθός (misthós, “wages”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear”) + -ος (-os).


ἀρχηγέτης

grc-noun

ἀρχηγέτης • (arkhēgétēs) m (genitive ἀρχηγέτου); first declension

arkhēgétēs (romanization)
ἀρχηγέτου (genitive)
ὁ ἀρχηγέτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρχηγέτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀρχηγέται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρχηγέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρχηγέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρχηγετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρχηγέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρχηγέταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρχηγέταις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀρχηγέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρχηγέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀρχηγέτᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀρχηγέτᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρχηγέτᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀρχηγέται (plural vocative)

→ German: Archeget

→ Italian: archegete

From ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning”) + ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).


φάλαγγες

head

φᾰ́λᾰγγες • (phálanges)

φᾰ́λᾰγγες (canonical)
phálanges (romanization)


φάλαγξ

grc-noun

φᾰ́λᾰγξ • (phálanx) f (genitive φᾰ́λᾰγγος); third declension

φᾰ́λᾰγξ (canonical)
phálanx (romanization)
φᾰ́λᾰγγος (genitive)
ἡ φᾰ́λᾰγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰ́λᾰγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰ́λᾰγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰλᾰ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰ́λᾰγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰ́λᾰγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́λᾰγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs phálanxi (dative plural)
taîs phálanxin (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́λᾰγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́λᾰγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́λᾰγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάλαγγα f (fálanga)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܠܓܐ (plaggā)

→ Latin: phalanx (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: phalanga (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang), փալանգ (pʻalang)
→ Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang)

Traditionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”), with cognates such as Latin sufflāmen and Old High German balcho, but regular derivation of φᾰ́λᾰγγ- from this root is phonetically impossible, and the suffix is prototypical of Pre-Greek. Possibly related to φάλκης (phálkēs) via the same substrate source.

der

main body, center (as opposed to the periphery)

(in the plural) rollers for moving heavy loads

bone between two joints of a finger or toe


δηλητήρ

grc-noun

δηλητήρ • (dēlētḗr) m (genitive δηλητῆρος); third declension

dēlētḗr (romanization)
δηλητῆρος (genitive)
ὁ δηλητήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ δηλητῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ δηλητῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δηλητῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δηλητήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δηλητήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ δηλητῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δηλητήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δηλητῆρσῐ (dative plural)
δηλητῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dēlētêrsi (dative plural)
toîs dēlētêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν δηλητῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δηλητῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δηλητῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
δηλητήρ (singular vocative)
δηλητῆρε (dual vocative)
δηλητῆρες (plural vocative)

→ German: deletär

From δηλέομαι (dēléomai, “to destroy”) + -τήρ (-tḗr).


συνθήκη

grc-noun

σῠνθήκη • (sunthḗkē) f (genitive σῠνθήκης); first declension

σῠνθήκη (canonical)
sunthḗkē (romanization)
σῠνθήκης (genitive)
ἡ σῠνθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠνθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠνθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠνθήκη (singular vocative)
σῠνθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠνθῆκαι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: צנדוק (ṣəndūq)

desctree

→ Arabic: صندوق (ṣandūq)
Egyptian Arabic: صندوق (sandūʔ, sundūʔ)
Gulf Arabic: صندوق (ṣandūg)
Juba Arabic: sonduk
Maltese: senduq
Moroccan Arabic: صندوق (ṣandūq)
→ Amharic: ሳንዱቅ (sanduḳ)
→ Oromo: saanduqa
→ Tigrinya: ሳንዱቕ (sanduḳʰ)
→ Aramaic:
→ Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܘܩܐ (ṣandūqā), ܣܢܕܘܩܐ (sandūqā)
→ Classical Persian: صَنْدُوق (sandūq)
→ Assamese: চন্দুক (sonduk)
→ Bengali: সিন্দুক (śinduk)
→ Azerbaijani: sandıq
→ Bashkir: һандыҡ (handıq)
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: संदूक़ (sandūq)
→ Urdu: صندوق (sandūq)
→ Kannada: ಸಂದೂಕ (sandūka)
→ Kazakh: сандық (sandyq)
→ Odia: ସିନ୍ଦୁକ (sinduka)
→ Ottoman Turkish: صندوق (sanduk)
→ Turkish: sandık
→ Albanian: sënduk
→ Bulgarian: сандъ́к (sandǎ́k)
→ Macedonian: са́ндак (sándak)
→ Romanian: sunduc
→ Russian: сунду́к (sundúk) (via Turkic)
→ Solombala English: сундукъ (sunduk)
→ Russenorsk: sondok
→ Serbo-Croatian: са̀ндук / sànduk
→ Pashto: صندوق (sandúq)
→ Punjabi: ਸੰਦੂਕ਼ (sandūq), صندوق (ṣndoq)
→ Uyghur: ساندۇق (sanduq)
→ Uzbek: sandiq
→ Georgian: ზანდუკი (zanduḳi)
→ Kabyle: asenduq
→ Old Armenian: սնդուկ (snduk)
→ Armenian: սնդուկ (snduk), սնտուկ (sntuk)
→ Hausa: sàndūƙī̀
→ Mabaan: canduuk
→ Sango: sandûku
→ Somali: sanduuq
→ Swahili: sanduku
→ Kikuyu: ithandũkũ
→ Kituba: sandúku
→ Lingala: sandúku

From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi, “to place or put together”).

a compounding, especially of words and sentences

convention, compact
article of a compact or treaty


τόξον

grc-noun

τόξον • (tóxon) n (genitive τόξου); second declension

tóxon (romanization)
τόξου (genitive)
τὸ τόξον (nominative singular)
τὼ τόξω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τόξᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόξου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόξοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόξων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόξῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόξοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόξοις (dative plural)
τὸ τόξον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόξω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τόξᾰ (accusative plural)
τόξον (singular vocative)
τόξω (dual vocative)
τόξᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τόξο n (tóxo, “bow”)

Possibly a cognate of Latin taxus or borrowed from Iranian: compare Persian تخش (taxš, “crossbow”).


φυτόν

φῠτόν • (phutón) n (genitive φῠτοῦ); second declension

φῠτόν (canonical)
phutón (romanization)
φῠτοῦ (genitive)
τὸ φῠτόν (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠτώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φῠτᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φῠτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φῠτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φῠτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ φῠτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠτώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φῠτᾰ́ (accusative plural)
φῠτόν (singular vocative)
φῠτώ (dual vocative)
φῠτᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: φυτό n (fytó)

→ Catalan: -fit

→ English: phyto-, -phyte

→ Irish: -fít

→ Polish: -fit

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فدان (fidan)
Turkish: fidan, Fidan
→ Armenian: ֆիդան (fidan), ֆիտան (fitan), Ֆիդան (Fidan), Ֆիդանյան (Fidanyan)
→ Azerbaijani: fidan, Fidan
→ Greek: φιντάνι n (fintáni) (reborrowing)

From φύω (phúō, “I generate, cause to grow”).

φίτῡμα

φυτεύω (phuteúō, verb)/ φῑτύω (phītúō, verb)


ὁρμή

grc-noun

ὁρμή • (hormḗ) f (genitive ὁρμῆς); first declension

hormḗ (romanization)
ὁρμῆς (genitive)
ἡ ὁρμή (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὁρμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ὁρμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὁρμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὁρμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ὁρμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὁρμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ὁρμή (singular vocative)
ὁρμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ὁρμαί (plural vocative)

English: hormone

Greek: ορμή f (ormí)

From Proto-Hellenic *hοrmā́, with two plausible derivations:
* From Proto-Indo-European *sor-meh₂- (“flow, stream”), from *ser- (“to flow, stream”), and thus cognate with Sanskrit सर्म (sárma, “going, running, flowing”), from the verb सरति (sarati, “to flow, run, speed”), and Albanian gjurmë (“footprint, trail”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃(o)r-sm- (“uprising”), from *h₃er- (“to move, rise”), and related to ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I urge on, incite”).


ζώνη

grc-noun

ζώνη • (zṓnē) f (genitive ζώνης); first declension

zṓnē (romanization)
ζώνης (genitive)
ἡ ζώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ζώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ζώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζώναις (dative plural)
τὴν ζώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ζώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζώνᾱς (accusative plural)
ζώνη (singular vocative)
ζώνᾱ (dual vocative)
ζῶναι (plural vocative)

Greek: ζώνη (zóni)

→ Latin: zōna (see there for further descendants)

French: zone

→ English: zone

Related to ζώννυμι (zṓnnumi, “to gird”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₃s-neh₂, from the root *yeh₃s- (“gird”). Compare Russian пояснь (pojasnʹ), Sanskrit रास्ना (rā́snā) (< *yā́snā).


φάντασμα

φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος

φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ • (phántasma) n (genitive φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension

φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ (canonical)
phántasma (romanization)
φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰντᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰντᾰσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰντᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phantásmasi (dative plural)
toîs phantásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ (singular vocative)
φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος

Greek: φάντασμα (fántasma)

→ Latin: phantasma (see there for further descendants)

From φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


πρωκτός

grc-noun

πρωκτός • (prōktós) m (genitive πρωκτού); second declension

prōktós (romanization)
πρωκτού (genitive)
ὁ πρωκτός (nominative singular)
τὼ πρωκτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πρωκτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρωκτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρωκτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρωκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πρωκτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρωκτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρωκτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πρωκτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρωκτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πρωκτούς (accusative plural)
πρωκτέ (singular vocative)
πρωκτώ (dual vocative)
πρωκτοί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: πρωκτός (proktós)

⇒ English: proctodeum


φαλλός

φαλλός • (phallós) m (genitive φαλλοῦ); second declension

phallós (romanization)
φαλλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φαλλός (nominative singular)
τὼ φαλλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φαλλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαλλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαλλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φαλλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαλλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαλλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φαλλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φαλλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φαλλούς (accusative plural)
φαλλέ (singular vocative)
φαλλώ (dual vocative)
φαλλοί (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: փաղղոս (pʻałłos)

desctree

→ Latin: phallus
Asturian: falu
Catalan: fal·lus
→ Czech: falus
→ Dutch: fallus
→ English: phallus
→ French: phallus
Galician: falo
→ German: Phallus
Italian: fallo
→ Occitan: fallus
→ Polish: fallus
→ Portuguese: falo
Romanian: falus (possibly via French)
→ Russian: фа́ллус (fállus), фалл (fall)
→ Serbo-Croatian: falus, фалус
Sicilian: fallu
Spanish: falo
→ Turkish: fallus

Greek: φαλλός (fallós)

→ Danish: fallos

→ Estonian: fallos

→ Finnish: fallos

→ Norwegian: fallos

→ Russian: фа́ллос (fállos)

→ Swedish: fallos

→? Albanian: pallë

Uncertain. The meaning "penis" likely developed from a more concrete meaning, and has been compared to βαλλία (ballía, “private parts”) and the ethnonym Τριβαλλοί (Triballoí). Possible Indo-European cognates are Old Irish ball (“member, body part”) as well as dialectal German Bille (“penis”), all usually compared to words for "ball, sack, bull, testis" and similar, supposedly deriving from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell”) (id est: *bʰl̥nós > *pʰəlnós > *pʰəllós). Probably akin to φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”), because of the body shape of whales.


φώνημα

grc-noun

φώνημᾰ • (phṓnēma) n (genitive φωνήματος); third declension

φώνημᾰ (canonical)
phṓnēma (romanization)
φωνήματος (genitive)
τὸ φώνημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φωνήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φωνήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φωνήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φωνημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φωνημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ φωνήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φωνημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φωνήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
φωνήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phōnḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs phōnḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ φώνημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φωνήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φωνήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
φώνημᾰ (singular vocative)
φωνήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
φωνήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: φώνημα (fónima)

φωνέω (phōnéō, “I produce a sound or tone”) + -μᾰ (-ma)

af

sound made, utterance
of a singer’s voice

sound made, utterance
of a dog’s bark and ass’s bray


δόρυ

grc-noun

δόρῠ • (dóru) n (genitive δόρᾰτος); third declension

δόρῠ (canonical)
dóru (romanization)
δόρᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δόρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δόρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dórasi (dative plural)
toîs dórasin (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δόρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δόρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
δόρη (nominative plural)
δοῦρᾰς (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόρᾰτος (genitive singular)
δορός (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορᾰ́των (genitive plural)
δορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δόρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
δορῐ́ (dative singular)
δόρει (dative singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δόρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dórasi (dative plural)
toîs dórasin (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρη (accusative plural)
δοῦρᾰς (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δόρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δόρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
δόρη (plural vocative)
δοῦρᾰς (plural vocative)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δούρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δούρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δουρᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δούρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν δούρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δούρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi doúrasi (dative plural)
toîsi doúrasin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δούρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δούρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δούρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
δόρῠ (nominative singular)
δοῦρε (dual nominative)
δοῦρᾰ (nominative plural)
δούρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
δουρός (genitive singular)
δούρᾰτος (genitive singular)
δούροιῐν (dual genitive)
δούρων (genitive plural)
δουρῐ́ (dative singular)
δούρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
δούροιῐν (dative dual)
δούρεσσῐ (dative plural)
δούροις (dative plural)
δόρῠ (accusative singular)
δοῦρε (accusative dual)
δοῦρᾰ (accusative plural)
δούρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δοῦρε (dual vocative)
δοῦρᾰ (plural vocative)
δούρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δόρᾰτος, δορός

δόρᾰτῐ, δορῐ́, δόρει

δόρᾰτᾰ, δόρη, δοῦρᾰς

δορᾰ́των, δορῶν

δουρός, δούρᾰτος

δουρῐ́, δούρᾰτῐ

δοῦρᾰ, δούρᾰτᾰ

δούρεσσῐ, δούροις

→ English: doru, dory (learned)

Greek: δόρυ n (dóry, “spear”)

From Proto-Hellenic *dóru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Cognates include Sanskrit दारु (dā́ru), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /dāruv/) and Old English trēow (English tree). Also see δρῦς (drûs).


ἀφρός

grc-noun

ἀφρός • (aphrós) m (genitive ἀφροῦ); second declension

aphrós (romanization)
ἀφροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀφρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀφροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀφροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀφρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀφροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀφρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀφρούς (accusative plural)
ἀφρέ (singular vocative)
ἀφρώ (dual vocative)
ἀφροί (plural vocative)

Greek: αφρός (afrós)

Formally derived from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós (“rain-cloud, rain, cloud”), with cognates including Sanskrit अभ्र (abhrá), Old Armenian ամբ (amb), Latin imber. However, Beekes and Frisk argue that the semantic mismatch does not justify this derivation. See also possibly related but also problematic ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rain-water; thunder-storm”).

inh

(of persons and animals) foam, slaver, froth


ὄμβρος

grc-noun

ὄμβρος • (ómbros) m (genitive ὄμβρου); second declension

ómbros (romanization)
ὄμβρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄμβρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄμβρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄμβροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄμβρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄμβροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄμβρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄμβρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄμβροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄμβροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄμβρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄμβρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄμβρους (accusative plural)
ὄμβρε (singular vocative)
ὄμβρω (dual vocative)
ὄμβροι (plural vocative)

Traditionally connected to Sanskrit अभ्र (abhrá), Latin imber, and Old Armenian ամբ (amb), but formal derivation from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós presents several problems. *n̥, *bʰ would be expected to yield ᾰ, φ (a, ph), although Miller's law would explain this. The accent would likely be on the ultima. Possibly related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍 (o-mi-ri-jo), 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍𐀂 (o-mi-ri-jo-i, dat. pl.). Szemerényi assumes a loanword, so it is possibly a Pre-Greek word. Compare Latin Umbri.

storm of rain, thunderstorm, sent by Zeus


ἀλφάβητος

ἀλφάβητος • (alphábētos) m (genitive ἀλφαβήτου); second declension

alphábētos (romanization)
ἀλφαβήτου (genitive)
ὁ ἀλφάβητος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλφαβήτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀλφάβητοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλφαβήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλφαβήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλφαβήτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλφαβήτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλφαβήτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλφαβήτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀλφάβητον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλφαβήτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀλφαβήτους (accusative plural)
ἀλφάβητε (singular vocative)
ἀλφαβήτω (dual vocative)
ἀλφάβητοι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ἀλφάβητον (alphábēton)

Greek: αλφάβητο (alfávito)

→ Latin: alphabētum

→ English: alphabet

desc

→ Russian: алфа́вит (alfávit), алфави́т (alfavít)

→ Ukrainian: алфа́віт (alfávit)

From ἄλφα (álpha, “alpha”) + βῆτᾰ (bêta, “beta”) + -ος (-os).


ἐπίληψις

grc-noun

ἐπίληψῐς • (epílēpsis) f (genitive ἐπῐλήψεως); third declension

ἐπίληψῐς (canonical)
epílēpsis (romanization)
ἐπῐλήψεως (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐ́ληψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐλήψει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐλήψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐλήψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐληψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐλήψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐλήψει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐληψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐλήψεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐλήψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs epilḗpsesi (dative plural)
taîs epilḗpsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐ́ληψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐλήψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐλήψεις (accusative plural)
ἐπῐ́ληψῐ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐλήψει (dual vocative)
ἐπῐλήψεις (plural vocative)

From ἐπιλαμβάνω (epilambánō, “I seize”) + -σις (-sis), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

suffix

taking hold of, clasping, claiming, seizure


ἰός

grc-noun

ῑ̓ός • (īós) m (genitive ῑ̓οῦ); second declension

ῑ̓ός (canonical)
īós (romanization)
ῑ̓οῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓ός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓οί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓οῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓οῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓ῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓ῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓οῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓οῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓όν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓ούς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓έ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓ώ (dual vocative)
ῑ̓οί (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ ῑ̓ᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν ῑ̓ῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς ῑ̓οῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ῑ̓ᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ῑ̓ᾰ́ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ihwós, a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *(H)isu- (“arrow”). Cognates include Sanskrit इषु (íṣu, “arrow”) and Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬎 (išu, “arrow”).

ἕζετ’ ἔπειτ’ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν, μετὰ δ’ ἰὸν ἕηκε

Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow.

hézet’ épeit’ apáneuthe neôn, metà d’ iòn héēke


ἰός

ῑ̓ός (canonical)
īós (romanization)
ῑ̓οῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓ός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓οί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓οῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓οῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓ῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓ῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓οῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓οῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓όν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓ούς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓έ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓ώ (dual vocative)
ῑ̓οί (plural vocative)

Greek: ιός m (iós, “venom”)

From Proto-Hellenic *wihós, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (víṣa), Latin vīrus, Tocharian A wäs, Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí.

inh

καὶ μὴ τυχοῦσαι πράγματος νικηφόρου, χώρᾳ μεταῦθις ἰὸς ἐκ φρονημάτων πέδοι πεσὼν ἄφερτος αἰανὴς νόσος
kaì mḕ tukhoûsai prágmatos nikēphórou, khṓrāi metaûthis iòs ek phronēmátōn pédoi pesṑn áphertos aianḕs nósos
And if they fail to win their cause, the venom from their resentment will fall upon the ground, an intolerable, perpetual plague afterwards in the land.


ἰός

Uncertain. May be of the same origin as Etymology 2.

κακὸν ἑκάστῳ τι καὶ ἀγαθὸν λέγεις; οῖον ὀφθαλμοῖς ὀφθαλμίαν […] χαλκῷ δὲ καὶ σιδήρῳ ἰόν
kakòn hekástōi ti kaì agathòn légeis? oîon ophthalmoîs ophthalmían […] khalkôi dè kaì sidḗrōi ión

Do you say that there is for everything its special good and evil, as for the eyes ophthalmia […] and for bronze and iron rust?


ἀρετή

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρετή • (aretḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρετῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓ρετή (canonical)
aretḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρετῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρετή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρετᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρεταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρετῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρεταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρετῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρετῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρεταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρεταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρετήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρετᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρετᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρετή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρετᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρεταί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ (aretē)

→ English: arete

Greek: αρετή (aretí)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rh₁téh₂, from *h₂erh₁-.

character, reputation, glory, fame, dignity, distinction


θυσία

θῠσῐ́ᾱ • (thusíā) f (genitive θῠσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

θῠσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
thusíā (romanization)
θῠσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θῠσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θῠσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς θῠσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θῠσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θῠσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν θῠσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θῠσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
θῠσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
θῠσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
θῠσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ (thusia)

Greek: θυσία (thysía)

From θύω (thúō, “I sacrifice”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


ὅρος

ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension

hóros (romanization)
ὅρου (genitive)
ὁ ὅρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὅρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὅροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὅρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὅροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὅρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὅρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὅροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὅροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὅρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὅρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὅρους (accusative plural)
ὅρε (singular vocative)
ὅρω (dual vocative)
ὅροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wórwos (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀺 (wo-wo)), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *werw- (“to draw, mark out”), with cognates including Latin urvō (“to trace a boundary”). See also ἐρύω (erúō, “to draw”), which might be related.

der

ὅρος ἐστίν, ὅ τινός ἐστι πέρας.

2008 translation by Richard Fitzpatrick
A boundary is that which is the extremity of something.

(also geometry) boundary, limit, frontier, landmark

marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts

the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press


ὑπόστρωμα

grc-noun

ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτος

ῠ̔πόστρωμᾰ • (hupóstrōma) n (genitive ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτος); third declension

ῠ̔πόστρωμᾰ (canonical)
hupóstrōma (romanization)
ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔πόστρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποστρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποστρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποστρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hupostrṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs hupostrṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔πόστρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔πόστρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῠ̔ποστρώμᾰτος

Greek: υπόστρωμα (ypóstroma)

From ὑποστρώννυμι (hupostrṓnnumi) + -μα (-ma), alternative spelling of ὑποστορέννυμι (hupostorénnumi, “spread under”) (from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “beneath, under”) + στορέννυμι (storénnumi, “spread, strew”)).

af

ὑποστρώννυμι

affix

that which is spread beneath: bed, bedding, litter


θηλή

grc-noun

θηλή • (thēlḗ) f (genitive θηλῆς); first declension

thēlḗ (romanization)
θηλῆς (genitive)
ἡ θηλή (nominative singular)
τὼ θηλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ θηλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς θηλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θηλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς θηλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν θηλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ θηλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θηλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
θηλή (singular vocative)
θηλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
θηλαί (plural vocative)

Greek: θηλή (thilí)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-léh₁-, from *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”).

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 56

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 5.101

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 414a

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 493a.13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 500a.24

50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.115

PLond. 3.1164h.9


σκορπίος

σκορπῐ́ος • (skorpíos) m (genitive σκορπῐ́ου); second declension

σκορπῐ́ος (canonical)
skorpíos (romanization)
σκορπῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ σκορπῐ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκορπῐ́οι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκορπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκορπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκορπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκορπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν σκορπῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκορπῐ́ους (accusative plural)
σκορπῐ́ε (singular vocative)
σκορπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σκορπῐ́οι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκορπιός m (skorpiós)

desctree

→ Latin: scorpiō, scorpios, scorpius
→? Albanian: shkrap
Catalan: escorpí
Old French: scorpion
French: scorpion
→ Middle Dutch: scorpioen
Dutch: schorpioen
→ English: scorpion
→ Welsh: sgorpion
→ German: Skorpion
→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍀𐌾𐍉 (skaurpjō)
→ Middle Irish: scoirp
Irish: scairp
Italian: scorpione
>? Italian: sgorbio
→ Middle Low German: schorpie
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skorpion
Portuguese: escorpião
Romanian: scorpion
Romansch: scorpiun
→ Russian: скорпио́н m (skorpión)
Sicilian: scurpiuni
Spanish: escorpión

→ Classical Sanskrit: कौर्पि (kaurpi)

Sometimes suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), but Beekes says that it is likely a substrate loanword instead (see Beekes, R.S.P. (2010): Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 1358-1359)


πανδοχεῖον

grc-noun

πανδοχεῖον • (pandokheîon) n (genitive πανδοχείου); second declension

pandokheîon (romanization)
πανδοχείου (genitive)
τὸ πανδοχεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ πανδοχείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πανδοχεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πανδοχείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πανδοχείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πανδοχείων (genitive plural)
τῷ πανδοχείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πανδοχείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πανδοχείοις (dative plural)
τὸ πανδοχεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ πανδοχείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πανδοχεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
πανδοχεῖον (singular vocative)
πανδοχείω (dual vocative)
πανδοχεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Alternative form of πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon)


πύξος

πῠ́ξος • (púxos) f (genitive πῠ́ξου); second declension

πῠ́ξος (canonical)
púxos (romanization)
πῠ́ξου (genitive)
ὁ πῠ́ξος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ξω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠ́ξοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠ́ξου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ξοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠ́ξων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠ́ξῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ξοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠ́ξοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῠ́ξον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ξω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠ́ξους (accusative plural)
πῠ́ξε (singular vocative)
πῠ́ξω (dual vocative)
πῠ́ξοι (plural vocative)

Probably a substrate loanword from Italy, related to Latin buxus (“box tree”). Attempts by Scardigli, who looks for the origin of the term in Asia Minor, and by Carnoy, who connects it to Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”), are unconvincing.

cog

Buxus sempervirens
Buxus sempervirens#Translingual


πανδοκεῖον

grc-noun

πανδοκεῖον • (pandokeîon) n (genitive πανδοκείου); second declension

pandokeîon (romanization)
πανδοκείου (genitive)
τὸ πᾰνδοκεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰνδοκείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰνδοκεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰνδοκείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰνδοκείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰνδοκείων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰνδοκείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰνδοκείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰνδοκείοις (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰνδοκεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰνδοκείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰνδοκεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
πᾰνδοκεῖον (singular vocative)
πᾰνδοκείω (dual vocative)
πᾰνδοκεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Arabic: فُنْدُق (funduq), فُنْتُق (funtuq)
Maltese: fondoq
→ Catalan: alfòndec, fonda
→ English: fonduk
→ French: fondouk, fondic
→ Georgian: ფუნდუკი (punduḳi)
→ Italian: fondaco
→ English: fondaco
→ Medieval Latin: fundicus
→ Malay: pondok
Indonesian: pondok
→ English: pondok
→ Hokkien: 盆洛 (phûn-lo̍k)
→ Middle Armenian: փնտուկ (pʻntuk), փնդուկ (pʻnduk)
→ Portuguese: alfândega
→ Sicilian: fùnnacu
→ Spanish: fonda, fondac, fundago, alhóndiga
→ English: fonda

→ Aramaic:

Hebrew: פונדקא (pundəqāʾ)

Syriac: ܦܘܬܩܐ (puttəqāʾ)

→ Old Armenian: փուտկայ (pʻutkay), փութկայ (pʻutʻkay)

→ Georgian: ფუნდუკი (punduḳi)

→ Hebrew: פונדק (pundák)

desc

→ Old Armenian: պանդոկի (pandoki), պանդոկ (pandok)

Armenian: պանդոկ (pandok)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲭⲓⲟⲛ (pantokhion)

From πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) + δοκ- (dok-), o-grade of the stem of δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”), + -εῖον (-eîon).


πυξίς

grc-noun

πῠξῐ́ς • (puxís) f (genitive πῠξῐ́δος); third declension

πῠξῐ́ς (canonical)
puxís (romanization)
πῠξῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πῠξῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠξῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πῠξῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πῠξῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠξῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠξῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πῠξῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠξῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῠξῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πῠξῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs puxísi (dative plural)
taîs puxísin (dative plural)
τὴν πῠξῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠξῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῠξῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠξῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πῠξῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πῠξῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Late Latin: buxis (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Latin: pyxis, puxis, pixis (Medieval Latin)
→ Catalan: pixis, píxide
→ English: pyxis, pyx
→ German: Pyxis

From πῠ́ξος (púxos, “boxwood”) + -ῐς (-is, feminine suffix).


ἐλαία

grc-noun

ἐλαίᾱ • (elaíā) f (genitive ἐλαίᾱς); first declension

ἐλαίᾱ (canonical)
elaíā (romanization)
ἐλαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐλαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλαίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλαῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλαίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλαίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλαίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλαίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλαίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλαίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλαίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐλαίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐλαίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐλαῖαι (plural vocative)

Greek: ελαία f (elaía)

Greek: ελιά f (eliá)

Latin: oliva

From Proto-Hellenic *elaíwā (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀨𐀷 (e-ra-wa)). Probably a borrowing from a Mediterranean Pre-Greek source, which also gave Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”).


θρηνῳδία

θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ • (thrēnōidíā) f (genitive θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
thrēnōidíā (romanization)
θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θρηνῳδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρηνῳδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρηνῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θρηνῳδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρηνῳδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θρηνῳδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
θρηνῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
θρηνῳδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: threnody

→ Latin: thrēnōdia

From θρηνῴδης (thrēnṓidēs, “like or fit for a dirge”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamenting”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song, ode”).

suffix

τάχιστα γίγνεσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἰᾶσθαί τε καὶ ἐπανορθοῦν τὸ πεσόν τε καὶ νοσῆσαν, ἰατρικῇ θρηνῳδίαν ἀφανίζοντα.

tákhista gígnesthai pròs tò iâsthaí te kaì epanorthoûn tò pesón te kaì nosêsan, iatrikêi thrēnōidían aphanízonta.

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.657a


θρῆνος

grc-noun

θρῆνος • (thrênos) m (genitive θρήνου); second declension

thrênos (romanization)
θρήνου (genitive)
ὁ θρῆνος (nominative singular)
τὼ θρήνω (dual nominative)
οἱ θρῆνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρήνοις (dative plural)
τὸν θρῆνον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρήνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρήνους (accusative plural)
θρῆνε (singular vocative)
θρήνω (dual vocative)
θρῆνοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: θρήνος m (thrínos, “lamentation”)

Cognate to Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Latin drēnsō, and Old English drān (English drone). Compare also θρέομαι (thréomai, “I cry aloud, shriek”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.


ἤλεκτρον

grc-noun

ἤλεκτρον • (ḗlektron) n (genitive ἠλέκτρου); second declension

ḗlektron (romanization)
ἠλέκτρου (genitive)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠλέκτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠλέκτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠλέκτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠλέκτροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἤλεκτρον (singular vocative)
ἠλέκτρω (dual vocative)
ἤλεκτρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: electro-

→ French: électro-

Greek: ήλεκτρο (ílektro)

→ Latin: electrum

→ Russian: электрон (elektron)

Related to Ancient Greek ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining, brilliant; byname of the Sun”), with further origin unknown. Possible, though doubtful, connections include Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”) and/or Latin Vulcānus (“god of fire and metalworking”), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”), or Pre-Greek.


γῦρος

grc-noun

γῦρος • (gûros) m (genitive γῡ́ρου); second declension

gûros (romanization)
γῡ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ γῦρος (nominative singular)
τὼ γῡ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ γῦροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γῡ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῡ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῡ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ γῡ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῡ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γῡ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν γῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ γῡ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γῡ́ρους (accusative plural)
γῦρε (singular vocative)
γῡ́ρω (dual vocative)
γῦροι (plural vocative)

Greek: γύρος (gýros)

→ Latin: gȳrus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, to bend”), the same source as Old Armenian կոր (kor), Lithuanian gur̃nas (“ankle, hip, bone”), and Norwegian kaure (“curly lock of hair”). See also γυῖον (guîon, “hand, limbs”).


αἰκία

grc-noun

αἰκῐ́ᾱ • (aikíā) f (genitive αἰκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

αἰκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
aikíā (romanization)
αἰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αἰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν αἰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
αἰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
αἰκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
αἰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Contracted from *ἀεικίᾱ (*aeikíā), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + εἰκός (eikós, “reasonable, fair”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

suffering, disgrace, mistreatment, torture


λήκυθος

grc-noun

λήκῠθος • (lḗkuthos) f (genitive ληκῠ́θου); second declension

λήκῠθος (canonical)
lḗkuthos (romanization)
ληκῠ́θου (genitive)
ὁ λήκῠθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ληκῠ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ λήκῠθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ληκῠ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληκῠ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληκῠ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ληκῠ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ληκῠ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ληκῠ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν λήκῠθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ληκῠ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ληκῠ́θους (accusative plural)
λήκῠθε (singular vocative)
ληκῠ́θω (dual vocative)
λήκῠθοι (plural vocative)

Pre-Greek. Has been connected to Old Church Slavonic лакъть (lakŭtĭ, “pot”), but the connection is problematic. Probably related in some way to Etruscan 𐌋𐌄𐌙𐌕𐌖𐌌 (leχtum, “a kind of small bottle; lekythos”) (see ληκύθιον (lēkúthion)). Could also be related to λάγυνος (lágunos) and λάγιον (lágion).


λογική

grc-noun

λογῐκή • (logikḗ) f (genitive λογῐκῆς); first declension

λογῐκή (canonical)
logikḗ (romanization)
λογῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ λογῐκή (nominative singular)
τῆς λογῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ λογῐκῇ (dative singular)
τὴν λογῐκήν (accusative singular)
λογῐκή (singular vocative)


ὄρανος

ὄρᾰνος • (óranos) m (genitive ὀρᾰ́νου); second declension

ὄρᾰνος (canonical)
óranos (romanization)
ὀρᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὀ ὄρᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἰ ὄρᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρᾰ́νω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῶ ὀρᾰ́νω (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρᾰ́νοισῐ (dative plural)
ὀρᾰ́νοισῐν (dative plural)
toîs oránoisi (dative plural)
toîs oránoisin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοῖς ὀρᾰ́νοις (accusative plural)
ὄρᾰνε (singular vocative)
ὀρᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ὄρᾰνοι (plural vocative)


πλάτος

πλᾰ́τος • (plátos) n (genitive πλᾰ́τους or πλᾰ́τεος); third declension

πλᾰ́τος (canonical)
plátos (romanization)
πλᾰ́τους (genitive)
πλᾰ́τεος (genitive)
τὸ πλᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
πλᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs plátesi (dative plural)
toîs plátesin (dative plural)
τὸ πλᾰ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́τη (accusative plural)
πλᾰ́τος (singular vocative)
πλᾰ́τει (dual vocative)
πλᾰ́τη (plural vocative)
τὸ πλᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́τει (dual nominative)
πλᾰ́τεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́τεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰ́τεος (genitive singular)
πλᾰ́τευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰτέων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰ́τει (dative singular)
πλᾰ́τεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν πλᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
πλᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi plátesi (dative plural)
toîsi plátesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ πλᾰ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́τει (accusative dual)
πλᾰ́τεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́τεᾰ (accusative plural)
πλᾰ́τος (singular vocative)
πλᾰ́τει (dual vocative)
πλᾰ́τεε (dual vocative)
πλᾰ́τεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂os (“breadth”). Cognates include Sanskrit प्रथस् (práthas), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬵 (fraθah), Old Armenian լայն (layn), Welsh lled. See also πλατύς (platús, “wide”).

(astronomy) celestial latitude, declination


τέρψις

τέρψῐς • (térpsis) f (genitive τέρψεως or τέρψῐος); third declension

τέρψῐς (canonical)
térpsis (romanization)
τέρψεως (genitive)
τέρψῐος (genitive)
ἡ τέρψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρψει (dual nominative)
αἱ τέρψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τέρψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τέρψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τέρψει (dative singular)
τοῖν τερψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τέρψεσῐ (dative plural)
τέρψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs térpsesi (dative plural)
taîs térpsesin (dative plural)
τὴν τέρψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τέρψεις (accusative plural)
τέρψῐ (singular vocative)
τέρψει (dual vocative)
τέρψεις (plural vocative)
ἡ τέρψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρψῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ τέρψῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς τέρψῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερψῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερψῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ τέρψῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερψῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τέρψῐσῐ (dative plural)
τέρψῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs térpsisi (dative plural)
taîs térpsisin (dative plural)
τὴν τέρψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρψῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τέρψῑς (accusative plural)
τέρψῐᾰς (accusative plural)
τέρψῐ (singular vocative)
τέρψῐε (dual vocative)
τέρψῐες (plural vocative)

Greek: τέρψη (térpsi)

From τέρπω (térpō, “I satisfy”) + -σῐς (-sis). Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *térptis (“fulfillment, satisfaction”); cognate with Sanskrit तृप्ति (tṛ́pti, “satisfaction, delight”) and Proto-Germanic *þurftiz (“need”).

cog

full enjoyment, delight, gladness, pleasure


τερψίχορος

τερψῐ́χορος (canonical)
terpsíkhoros (romanization)
τερψῐ́χορον (neuter)
τερψῐ́χορος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τερψῐ́χορον (neuter nominative singular)
τερψῐχόρω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τερψῐχόρω (dual neuter nominative)
τερψῐ́χοροι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τερψῐ́χορᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
τερψῐχόρου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τερψῐχόρου (genitive neuter singular)
τερψῐχόροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τερψῐχόροιν (dual genitive neuter)
τερψῐχόρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τερψῐχόρων (genitive neuter plural)
τερψῐχόρῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
τερψῐχόρῳ (dative neuter singular)
τερψῐχόροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τερψῐχόροιν (dative dual neuter)
τερψῐχόροις (dative feminine masculine plural)
τερψῐχόροις (dative neuter plural)
τερψῐ́χορον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τερψῐ́χορον (accusative neuter singular)
τερψῐχόρω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τερψῐχόρω (accusative dual neuter)
τερψῐχόρους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τερψῐ́χορᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
τερψῐ́χορε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τερψῐ́χορον (neuter singular vocative)
τερψῐχόρω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τερψῐχόρω (dual neuter vocative)
τερψῐ́χοροι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τερψῐ́χορᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
τερψῐχόρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τερψῐχορώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τερψῐχορώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From τέρψις (térpsis, “enjoyment, delight”) + χορός (khorós, “dance”).

af

enjoying a dance, especially a choral dance


ἠΐθεος

grc-noun

ἠῐ̈́θεος • (ēḯtheos) m (genitive ἠῐ̈θέου); second declension

ἠῐ̈́θεος (canonical)
ēḯtheos (romanization)
ἠῐ̈θέου (genitive)
ὁ ἠΐθεος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠϊθέω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠΐθεοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠϊθέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠϊθέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠϊθέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠϊθέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠϊθέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠϊθέοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἠΐθεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠϊθέω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠϊθέους (accusative plural)
ἠΐθεε (singular vocative)
ἠϊθέω (dual vocative)
ἠΐθεοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ewítʰewos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂. Cognates include Sanskrit विधवा (vidhávā), Latin vidua and Old English widuwe (English widow).


εἶ

έψιλον έψιλον

Old name of the letter ε (epsilon, see ἒ ψιλόν (è psilón), έψιλον).


σπῆλυγξ

σπῆλῠγξ • (spêlunx) f (genitive σπήλῠγγος); third declension

σπῆλῠγξ (canonical)
spêlunx (romanization)
σπήλῠγγος (genitive)
ἡ σπῆλῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπήλῠγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ σπήλῠγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς σπήλῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπηλῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπηλῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ σπήλῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπηλῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σπήλῠγξῐ (dative plural)
σπήλῠγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs spḗlunxi (dative plural)
taîs spḗlunxin (dative plural)
τὴν σπήλῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπήλῠγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σπήλῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
σπῆλῠγξ (singular vocative)
σπήλῠγγε (dual vocative)
σπήλῠγγες (plural vocative)

Latin: spēlunca


σύνδεσμος

σῠ́νδεσμος • (súndesmos) m (genitive σῠνδέσμου); second declension

σῠ́νδεσμος (canonical)
súndesmos (romanization)
σῠνδέσμου (genitive)
ὁ σῠ́νδεσμος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνδέσμω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῠ́νδεσμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠνδέσμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνδέσμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνδέσμων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠνδέσμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνδέσμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠνδέσμοις (dative plural)
τὸν σῠ́νδεσμον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνδέσμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῠνδέσμους (accusative plural)
σῠ́νδεσμε (singular vocative)
σῠνδέσμω (dual vocative)
σῠ́νδεσμοι (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́νδεσμᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σῠνδέσμων (genitive plural)
τοῖς σῠνδέσμοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́νδεσμᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠ́νδεσμᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σύνδεσμος (sýndesmos)

→ Latin: syndesmōsis

desc

→ Old Armenian: շաղկապ (šałkap) (calque)

From σῠν- (sun-, “with”) + δεσμός (desmós, “bond”).


ταμίας

grc-noun

τᾰμῐ́ᾱς • (tamíās) m (genitive τᾰμῐ́ου); first declension

τᾰμῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
tamíās (romanization)
τᾰμῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ τᾰμῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ τᾰμῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰμῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν τᾰμῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τᾰμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
τᾰμῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
τᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
τᾰμῐ́αι (plural vocative)

A nominal formation from τᾰμεῖν (tameîn, “to cut up, divide”), active infinitive aorist form of τέμνω (témnō, “to cut, hew”), though the exact morphological details are unclear. May be analyzed as τέμνω (témnō) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).

af

τέμνω (témnō) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās)


ταμίας

grc-noun form

τᾰμίᾱς • (tamíās)

τᾰμίᾱς (canonical)
tamíās (romanization)

af

τέμνω (témnō) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās)

inflection of τᾰμίᾱ (tamíā):
genitive singular

inflection of τᾰμίᾱ (tamíā):
accusative plural


σωτήρ

grc-noun

σωτήρ • (sōtḗr) m (genitive σωτῆρος); third declension

sōtḗr (romanization)
σωτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ σωτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ σωτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ σωτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σωτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σωτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σωτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
σωτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sōtêrsi (dative plural)
toîs sōtêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν σωτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σωτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σωτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
σῶτερ (singular vocative)
σωτῆρε (dual vocative)
σωτῆρες (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ (sōtēr)

→ English: soterial, soteriology

Greek: σωτήρας (sotíras)

From σῴζω (sṓizō, “to save”) + -τήρ (-tḗr).

saviour, deliverer, preserver (often as an epithet of protecting gods, especially Zeus)


δωράκινον

δωράκινον • (dōrákinon) n (genitive δωρακίνου); second declension

dōrákinon (romanization)
δωρακίνου (genitive)
τὸ δωράκινον (nominative singular)
τᾰ̀ δωράκινᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δωρακίνου (genitive singular)
τῶν δωρακίνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δωρακίνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς δωρακίνοις (dative plural)
τὸ δωράκινον (accusative singular)
τᾰ̀ δωράκινᾰ (accusative plural)
δωράκινον (singular vocative)
δωράκινᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ῥοδάκινον (rhodákinon)

Greek: ροδάκινο (rodákino)

desc

Pontic Greek: ροδάκινον (rodákinon), ροδάκινο (rodákino), ροδάκιν (rodákin), ροδάκ' (rodák'), δοράκινο (dorákino)

Tsakonian: ροδάτσ̌ινε (rodátšine)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܕܘܪܩܝܢܐ (dōraqqīnā, dūrqīnā)

From Latin dūracinum, nominative neuter singular of dūracinus (“hard-berried”).

Geoponica, 3 1.4

Geoponica, 10 13.1

(Late Koine, Early Byzantine) a type of peach ("kingstone")


ἔχιδνα

grc-noun

ἔχιδνᾰ • (ékhidna) f (genitive ἐχίδνης); first declension

ἔχιδνᾰ (canonical)
ékhidna (romanization)
ἐχίδνης (genitive)
ἡ ἔχιδνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχίδνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἔχιδναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐχίδνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχίδναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχιδνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐχίδνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχίδναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐχίδναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἔχιδνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχίδνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐχίδνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἔχιδνᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐχίδνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἔχιδναι (plural vocative)

Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܐܟܕܢܐ (ʾāḵeḏnā)

English: echidna

Greek: έχιδνα (échidna)

Latin: echidna

Russian: ехи́дна (jexídna)

snake (traditionally held as a poisonous snake, viper, but perhaps also a constrictor)


σύστημα

σύστημᾰ • (sústēma) n (genitive συστήμᾰτος); third declension

σύστημᾰ (canonical)
sústēma (romanization)
συστήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σύ̆στημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠστήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠστήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠστήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠστημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠστημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠστήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠστημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠστήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῠστήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sustḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs sustḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σύ̆στημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠστήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠστήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σύ̆στημᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠστήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῠστήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: systēma (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: систе́ма f (sistéma)

→ Uyghur: سىستېما (sistëma)

From σῠνῐ́στημῐ (sunístēmi, “I place together, associate, unite”) + -μᾰ (-ma).

af

a whole made of several parts or members, system.

(music) the combination of several tones

the combination of several verses into a whole composition


οἰσοφάγος

grc-noun

οἰσοφᾰ́γος • (oisophágos) m (genitive οἰσοφᾰ́γου); second declension

οἰσοφᾰ́γος (canonical)
oisophágos (romanization)
οἰσοφᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ οἰσοφᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰσοφᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ οἰσοφᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἰσοφᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰσοφᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰσοφᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἰσοφᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰσοφᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἰσοφᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν οἰσοφᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰσοφᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οἰσοφᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
οἰσοφᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
οἰσοφᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
οἰσοφᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

→ English: oesophagus

→ French: œsophage

Greek: οισοφάγος (oisofágos)

From οἴσω (oísō, “I will bear”) + ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”).


κόπαιον

κόπαιον • (kópaion) n (genitive κοπαίου); second declension

kópaion (romanization)
κοπαίου (genitive)
τὸ κόπαιον (nominative singular)
τὼ κοπαίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόπαιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοπαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοπαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοπαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοπαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοπαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοπαίοις (dative plural)
τὸ κόπαιον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοπαίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόπαιᾰ (accusative plural)
κόπαιον (singular vocative)
κοπαίω (dual vocative)
κόπαιᾰ (plural vocative)


κοπάδιον

κοπᾰ́δῐον • (kopádion) n (genitive κοπᾰδῐ́ου); second declension

κοπᾰ́δῐον (canonical)
kopádion (romanization)
κοπᾰδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κοπᾰ́δῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κοπᾰδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κοπᾰ́δῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοπᾰδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοπᾰδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοπᾰδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοπᾰδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοπᾰδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοπᾰδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κοπᾰ́δῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοπᾰδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κοπᾰ́δῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κοπᾰ́δῐον (singular vocative)
κοπᾰδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κοπᾰ́δῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Aramaic: קופדא

From κοπᾰ́ς (kopás, “pruned, lopped”) + -ῐον (-ion).

af

Alternative spelling of κόπαιον (kópaion)


λάγηνος

grc-noun

λᾰ́γηνος • (lágēnos) f (genitive λᾰγήνου); second declension

λᾰ́γηνος (canonical)
lágēnos (romanization)
λᾰγήνου (genitive)
ὁ λᾰ́γηνος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγήνω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́γηνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰγήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰγήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰγήνοις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́γηνον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγήνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰγήνους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́γηνε (singular vocative)
λᾰγήνω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́γηνοι (plural vocative)


ἐπίσκοπος

ἐπίσκοπος • (epískopos) m (genitive ἐπισκόπου); second declension

epískopos (romanization)
ἐπισκόπου (genitive)
ὁ ἐπῐ́σκοπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐσκόπω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐπῐ́σκοποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐπῐσκόπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐσκόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐσκόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐπῐσκόπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐσκόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐπῐσκόποις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐπῐ́σκοπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐσκόπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐπῐσκόπους (accusative plural)
ἐπῐ́σκοπε (singular vocative)
ἐπῐσκόπω (dual vocative)
ἐπῐ́σκοποι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: επίσκοπος (epískopos)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پسقپوس (piskopos), փիսգօփօս (piskopos) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: piskopos
→ Romanian: episcop

→ Aghwan: 𐔼𐕚𐕄𐔰𐕗𐕒𐕚 (isḳaṗos)

→ Arabic: أسقف (osqof) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Aramaic: אפיסקופא

→ Aramaic: אפיסקופא

Classical Syriac: ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ

→ Bulgarian: епископ (episkop)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (episkopos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Georgian: ეპისკოპოსი (eṗisḳoṗosi), ეპისკოპოზი (eṗisḳoṗozi)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍀𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌿𐍃 (aipiskaupus)

→ Latin: episcopus, *ebiscopus, *biscopus, *biscopo (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: епископ (episkop)

→ Middle Persian: *uskōpā

Persian: سکوبا (sokubâ)

→ Old Armenian: եպիսկոպոս (episkopos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Church Slavonic: ѥпискоупъ (jepiskupŭ)

→ Old East Slavic: епископъ (episkopŭ), епискꙋпъ (episkupŭ), ѥпископъ (jepiskopŭ)

Belarusian: епіскап (jepiskap)

Russian: епи́скоп (jepískop) (see there for further descendants)

Ukrainian: єпископ (jepyskop)

→ Old Novgorodian: ѥпископъ (jepiskopŭ)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѐпископ

Latin script: èpiskop

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher, lookout, guardian”).

af

(Christianity) an ecclesiastical superintendent, bishop


κάστωρ

grc-noun

κάστωρ • (kástōr) m (genitive κάστορος); third declension

kástōr (romanization)
κάστορος (genitive)
ὁ κάστωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ κάστορε (dual nominative)
οἱ κάστορες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κάστορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν καστόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καστόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κάστορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν καστόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κάστορσῐ (dative plural)
κάστορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kástorsi (dative plural)
toîs kástorsin (dative plural)
τὸν κάστορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κάστορε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κάστορᾰς (accusative plural)
κάστορ (singular vocative)
κάστορε (dual vocative)
κάστορες (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)

→ Latin: castor (see there for further descendants)

Of unclear origin.
The traditional theory by Kretschmer derives the word from the name Κᾰ́στωρ (Kástōr, “Castor”), who, in Greek mythology, was known as a savior of women, supposedly for the medicinal effect of castor fluid for women's diseases. However, in the annals of Greek mythology, Castor has never been mentioned in relation with beavers, rendering this derivation as tantamount to folk etymology. In addition, as Schrader and Nehring point out, beavers went extinct in Greece long before the Proto-Hellenics had arrived, which would make the concept of a beaver foreign in the Greek context. It is far more likely that the proper noun Castor is derived from the animal name (perhaps at a time when only the name, but not its characteristics like its musk were remembered), rather than the other way around.
However, beavers were mentioned by Herodotus to exist in the North Pontic area, near the Proto-Indo-European homeland, so it is almost certain the Hellenic tribes were familiar with beavers before venturing into Greece. Thus, there is a chance that the word was inherited from a Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”), and was preserved only in Greek. A better candidate for a native Pre-Greek word for "beaver" might be λᾰ́τᾰξ (látax). See also Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”), which was borrowed from the derivative καστόριον (kastórion, “castoreum”).
Note that the main Indo-European word for "beaver", *bʰébʰrus (which did not survive or exist in Hellenic), may be a reduplicative (and thus non-atomic) formation from *bʰerH- (“brown”).


ἔτυμον

grc-noun

ἔτῠμον • (étumon) n (genitive ἐτῠ́μου); second declension

ἔτῠμον (canonical)
étumon (romanization)
ἐτῠ́μου (genitive)
τὸ ἔτῠμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐτῠ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔτῠμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐτῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐτῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐτῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐτῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐτῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐτῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔτῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐτῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔτῠμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔτῠμον (singular vocative)
ἐτῠ́μω (dual vocative)
ἔτῠμᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Esperanto: etimo

→ English: etymon

→ French: étymon

→ Latin: etymon

→ Italian: etimo

→ Portuguese: étimo

→ Sicilian: ètimu

→ Spanish: étimo

Neuter substantive of ἔτῠμος (étumos, “true, real”).

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.11

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.278c

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 13.571d

the true sense or meaning of a word according to its origins and evolution, its etymology


πεῖσα

πεῖσᾰ • (peîsa) f (genitive πείσης); first declension

πεῖσᾰ (canonical)
peîsa (romanization)
πείσης (genitive)
ἡ πεῖσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πείσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πεῖσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πείσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πείσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεισῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πείσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πείσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πείσαις (dative plural)
τὴν πεῖσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πείσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πείσᾱς (accusative plural)
πεῖσᾰ (singular vocative)
πείσᾱ (dual vocative)
πεῖσαι (plural vocative)

From πείθω (peíthō, “I persuade”) + -ιᾰ (-ia).


πρόσωπον

grc-noun

πρόσωπον • (prósōpon) n (genitive προσώπου); second declension

prósōpon (romanization)
προσώπου (genitive)
τὸ πρόσωπον (nominative singular)
τὼ προσώπω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρόσωπᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προσώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ προσώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προσώποις (dative plural)
τὸ πρόσωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ προσώπω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρόσωπᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόσωπον (singular vocative)
προσώπω (dual vocative)
πρόσωπᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

There exist numerous lengthened plurals, such as προσώπατα (prosṓpata) and προσώπασι (prosṓpasi).

Greek: πρόσωπο (prósopo)

→ Aramaic: פרצופא

Classical Syriac: ܦܪܨܘܦܐ

→ English: prosopon

desctree

→? Etruscan: 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu)
→? Latin: persōna (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: פַּרְצוּף (partsúf)

→ Romanian: prosop

From an earlier *προτι-ωπ-ον (*proti-ōp-on, “what is opposite to the eyes (of the other)”), analyzed as πρότι (próti, “opposite”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”) + -ον (-on, “nominative neuter suffix”); for the first component, see πρός (prós, “towards”). In light of exact cognates such as Tocharian B pratsāko (“chest”) and Sanskrit प्रतीक (prátīka, “face, appearance”), this compound may have been directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *prétih₃kʷo-, though it is equally possible it was formed independently of its cognates.


ὁρίζων

grc-noun

ὁρῐ́ζων • (horízōn) m (genitive ὁρῐ́ζοντος); third declension

ὁρῐ́ζων (canonical)
horízōn (romanization)
ὁρῐ́ζοντος (genitive)
ὁ ὁρῐ́ζων (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρῐ́ζοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὁρῐ́ζοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁρῐ́ζοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρῐζόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρῐζόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁρῐ́ζοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρῐζόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁρῐ́ζουσῐ (dative plural)
ὁρῐ́ζουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs horízousi (dative plural)
toîs horízousin (dative plural)
τὸν ὁρῐ́ζοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρῐ́ζοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὁρῐ́ζοντᾰς (accusative plural)
ὁρῐ́ζον (singular vocative)
ὁρῐ́ζοντε (dual vocative)
ὁρῐ́ζοντες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: horizōn (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: горизо́нт m (gorizónt)

→ Sanskrit: हरिज n (harija)

Substantive noun from ὁρίζων κύκλος (horízōn kúklos, literally “separating circle”), from the present active participle of ὁρίζω (horízō, “I mark out a boundary”) and κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, sphere”).


λεξικόν

λεξῐκόν • (lexikón) n (genitive λεξῐκοῦ); second declension

λεξῐκόν (canonical)
lexikón (romanization)
λεξῐκοῦ (genitive)
τὸ λεξῐκόν (nominative singular)
τὼ λεξῐκώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λεξῐκᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λεξῐκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεξῐκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεξῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λεξῐκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεξῐκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λεξῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ λεξῐκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λεξῐκώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λεξῐκᾰ́ (accusative plural)
λεξῐκόν (singular vocative)
λεξῐκώ (dual vocative)
λεξῐκᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: λεξικό (lexikó)

desc

→ Aramaic: לכסיקון

→ Aramaic: לכסיקון

desctree

→ Latin: lexicon
→ Dutch: lexicon m
→ German: Lexikon, Lexicon
→ Czech: lexikon
→ Hungarian: lexikon (“encyclopedia”)
→ Swedish: lexikon
→ Middle French: lexicon m
French: lexique m
→ English: lexicon (possibly; or directly from Latin)

→ Church Slavonic: леѯико́нъ m (leksikónŭ)

→ Russian: лексико́н m (leksikón)

→ Bulgarian: лексико́н m (leksikón)

Unsorted

Serbo-Croatian: лексикон m

Spanish: léxico m

Polish: leksykon m

Portuguese: léxico m

Attested at least since 9th century (Photios' Bibliotheca). Ellipsis of λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of or pertaining to words”), formally a Neuter substantive of adjective λεξικός (lexikós), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “I speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).

ellipsis

λεξικὸν βιβλίον

der

Οὗ τινος εὑρεθείη ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ πίνακι διαγεγραμμένον ἕτερόν τι ἢ Γραφικὸν ἢ Λεξικὸν ἢ πρὸς ἀδελφὸν ἐπισταλτικόν, πλὴν οὗπερ ἐκμανθάνοι στιχηροῦ ἢ καθίσματος, ἀφοριζέσθω ἡμέραν μίαν.
Hoû tinos heuretheíē en tôi idíōi pínaki diagegramménon héterón ti ḕ Graphikòn ḕ Lexikòn ḕ pròs adelphòn epistaltikón, plḕn hoûper ekmanthánoi stikhēroû ḕ kathísmatos, aphorizésthō hēméran mían.


ὄργανον

grc-noun

ὄργᾰνον • (órganon) n (genitive ὀργᾰ́νου); second declension

ὄργᾰνον (canonical)
órganon (romanization)
ὀργᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ὄργᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀργᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄργᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀργᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀργᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀργᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀργᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀργᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀργᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄργᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀργᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄργᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄργᾰνον (singular vocative)
ὀργᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ὄργᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Hebrew: אורגנון (ʾōrganōn)

Syriac: ܐܘܪܓܢܘܢ (ʾōrgannōn)

→ Georgian: ორგანო (organo)

Greek: όργανο (órgano)

→ Latin: organum (see there for further descendants)

→ English: organum, organ, orgue

desctree

→ Old Armenian: երգիոն (ergion)
Armenian: երգեհոն (ergehon)

→ Persian: ارغنون (arğanun)

→ Polish: organy

→ Ottoman Turkish: ارغنون (erganun)

Turkish: erganun

desc

→ Russian: о́рган m (órgan), орга́н m (orgán)

Mariupol Greek: орга́но (orháno)

From Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“work”). Compare ἔργον (érgon, “work, deed”).


πειθώ

grc-noun

πειθώ • (peithṓ) f (genitive πειθόος or πειθοῦς); third declension

peithṓ (romanization)
πειθόος (genitive)
πειθοῦς (genitive)
ἡ πειθώ (nominative singular)
τῆς πειθόος (genitive singular)
πειθοῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ πειθοῖ (dative singular)
τὴν πειθώ (accusative singular)
πειθοῖ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

πειθόος/πειθοῦς

Appellative of Πειθώ (Peithṓ), from πείθω (peíthō, “I persuade”).

καί μ’ οὔτι μελιγλώσσοις πειθοῦς ἐπαοιδαῖσιν θέλξει

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 173

Not by persuasion's honeyed enchantments will he charm me

kaí m’ oúti meliglṓssois peithoûs epaoidaîsin thélxei

λέγεις ὅτι πειθοῦς δημιουργός ἐστιν ἡ ῥητορική

you say that rhetoric is a producer of persuasion

légeis hóti peithoûs dēmiourgós estin hē rhētorikḗ

πειθὼ γὰρ εἶχον τήνδε πρὸς δάμαρτ’ ἐμήν

407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 104

Yes, this was the inducement I offered my wife.

peithṑ gàr eîkhon tḗnde pròs dámart’ emḗn

means of persuasion, inducement, argument

ταῦτα δ’ ἀγασθεὶς ὁ Κῦρος, τοῦ μὲν ταξιάρχου τὴν ἐπίνοιαν, τῶν δὲ τὴν πειθώ

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.19

In this Cyrus admired both the captain's cleverness and the men's obedience

taûta d’ agastheìs ho Kûros, toû mèn taxiárkhou tḕn epínoian, tôn dè tḕn peithṓ


νάφθα

grc-noun

νᾰ́φθᾰ • (náphtha) f (genitive νᾰ́φθης); first declension

νᾰ́φθᾰ (canonical)
náphtha (romanization)
νᾰ́φθης (genitive)
νᾰ́φθᾰ (canonical)
náphtha (romanization)
ἡ νᾰ́φθᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς νᾰ́φθης (genitive singular)
τῇ νᾰ́φθῃ (dative singular)
τὴν νᾰ́φθᾰν (accusative singular)
νᾰ́φθᾰ (singular vocative)
τὸ νᾰ́φθᾰ (nominative singular)
τοῦ νᾰ́φθᾰ (genitive singular)
τῷ νᾰ́φθᾰ (dative singular)
τὸ νᾰ́φθᾰ (accusative singular)
νᾰ́φθᾰ (singular vocative)

→ Greek: νάφθα (náftha) (learned)

→ Latin: naphtha (see there for further descendants)

naphtha, naturally occurring liquid petroleum


πιττάκιον

πιττάκιον • (pittákion) n (genitive πιττᾰκίου); second declension

pittákion (romanization)
πιττᾰκίου (genitive)
τὸ πῐττᾰ́κῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐττᾰκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῐττᾰ́κῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐττᾰκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐττᾰκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐττᾰκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐττᾰκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐττᾰκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐττᾰκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πῐττᾰ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐττᾰκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῐττᾰ́κῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πῐττᾰ́κῐον (singular vocative)
πῐττᾰκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πῐττᾰ́κῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

> Byzantine Greek: πιττάτσιν (pittátsin) (inherited)

→ Greek: πιττάκιο (pittákio) (learned)

desctree

→ Arabic: بِطَاقَة (biṭāqa)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بطاقه (bitaka)

→ Aramaic: פטקא (peṭqā)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܛܩܐ (peṭqā), ܦܬܩܐ (piṯqā)

desctree

→ Latin: pittacium
Asturian: pedazu, piozu
Catalan: pedaç
Italian: petacciola, petaccia, petazza
Occitan: pedaç, petaç
Old Galician-Portuguese: pedaço
Galician: pedazo
Portuguese: pedaço
Romanian: petic (possibly), petec (possibly)
Sicilian: pitazzu
Old Spanish: pedaço
Spanish: pedazo

→ Old Armenian: պիտակ (pitak)
→ Armenian: պիտակ (pitak)

→ Old Georgian: პიტაკი (ṗiṭaḳi)

Uncertain. Not related to πίττα (pítta, “pitch, tar”), also from πίσσα (píssa), from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“fat”). The Latin sense "patch of leather" as well as the term πεττύκια (pettúkia), have led to a dubious hypothesis of relation with πίσ(σ)υγγος (pís(s)ungos, “shoemaker”). Beekes rejects a different hypothesis which posits a relation with Πιττακός (Pittakós), from Thrace via Lesvos island.

a leaf out of a writing tablet, receipt, ticket, pass

the sense: patch of leather for laying salve on, at Latin pittacium)