ἄργυρος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος • (árguros) m (genitive ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (canonical)
árguros (romanization)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

English: argyr-

Greek: άργυρος (árgyros)

From a u-stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀓𐀫 (a-ku-ro), Latin argentum, Sanskrit अर्जुन (árjuna) and Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ). See also ἀργός (argós, “white, bright”) and ἄργυφος (árguphos, “white, shining”).


πέλαγος

grc-noun

πέλᾰγος • (pélagos) n (genitive πελᾰ́γους); third declension

πέλᾰγος (canonical)
pélagos (romanization)
πελᾰ́γους (genitive)
τὸ πέλᾰγος (nominative singular)
τὼ πελᾰ́γει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πελᾰ́γη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελᾰ́γους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελᾰγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελᾰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πελᾰ́γει (dative singular)
τοῖν πελᾰγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελᾰ́γεσῐ (dative plural)
πελᾰ́γεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pelágesi (dative plural)
toîs pelágesin (dative plural)
τὸ πέλᾰγος (accusative singular)
τὼ πελᾰ́γει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πελᾰ́γη (accusative plural)
πέλᾰγος (singular vocative)
πελᾰ́γει (dual vocative)
πελᾰ́γη (plural vocative)

Greek: πέλαγος (pélagos)

→ Albanian: pellg

→ Coptic: ⲡⲉⲗⲁⲅⲟⲥ (pelagos)

→ Latin: pelagus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: պեղագոս (pełagos)

Uncertain. Some suggest the source is Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”), whereas others such as Beekes suggest a non-Indo-European origin.


ἁγνεία

grc-noun

ἁγνείᾱ • (hagneíā) f (genitive ἁγνείᾱς); first declension

ἁγνείᾱ (canonical)
hagneíā (romanization)
ἁγνείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἁγνείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁγνείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἁγνεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁγνείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁγνείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁγνειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁγνείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁγνείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁγνείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἁγνείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁγνείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁγνείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἁγνείᾱ (singular vocative)
ἁγνείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἁγνεῖαι (plural vocative)


κώμυς

κώμῡς • (kṓmūs) f (genitive κώμῡθος); third declension

κώμῡς (canonical)
kṓmūs (romanization)
κώμῡθος (genitive)
ἡ κώμῡς (nominative singular)
τὼ κώμῡθε (dual nominative)
αἱ κώμῡθες (nominative plural)
τῆς κώμῡθος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωμῡ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωμῡ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ κώμῡθῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωμῡ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κώμῡσῐ (dative plural)
κώμῡσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kṓmūsi (dative plural)
taîs kṓmūsin (dative plural)
τὴν κώμῡθᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κώμῡθε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κώμῡθᾰς (accusative plural)
κώμῡς (singular vocative)
κώμῡθε (dual vocative)
κώμῡθες (plural vocative)


εὐκινησία

εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ • (eukīnēsíā) f (genitive εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱς); first declension

εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
eukīnēsíā (romanization)
εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐκῑνησῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐκῑνησῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐκῑνησῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐκῑνησῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐκῑνησῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
εὐκῑνησῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐκῑνησῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From εὐκῑ́νητος (eukī́nētos, “easily moved”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


εἰκάς

grc-noun

εἰκᾰ́ς • (eikás) f (genitive εἰκᾰ́δος); third declension

εἰκᾰ́ς (canonical)
eikás (romanization)
εἰκᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ εἰκᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰκᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ εἰκᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰκᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰκᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰκᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ εἰκᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰκᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εἰκᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
εἰκᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs eikási (dative plural)
taîs eikásin (dative plural)
τὴν εἰκᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰκᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εἰκᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
εἰκᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
εἰκᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
εἰκᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Latin: īcas

(in the plural) The last ten days of the month


εἰδωλολατρία

εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ

εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱς

εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ • (eidōlolatríā) f (genitive εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
eidōlolatríā (romanization)
εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰδωλολᾰτρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

εἰδωλολᾰτρῐ́ᾱ

Latin: īdōlolatrīa, īdōlatrīa

Old French: idolatrie

English: idolatry

From εἰδωλολᾰτρος (eidōlolatros, “idolater”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

εἰδωλολᾰτρος


λήθαργος

grc-noun

λήθᾱργος • (lḗthārgos) m or f (genitive ληθᾱ́ργου); second declension

λήθᾱργος (canonical)
lḗthārgos (romanization)
ληθᾱ́ργου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λήθᾱργος (nominative singular)
τὼ ληθᾱ́ργω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λήθᾱργοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ληθᾱ́ργου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληθᾱ́ργοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληθᾱ́ργων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ληθᾱ́ργῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ληθᾱ́ργοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ληθᾱ́ργοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λήθᾱργον (accusative singular)
τὼ ληθᾱ́ργω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ληθᾱ́ργους (accusative plural)
λήθᾱργε (singular vocative)
ληθᾱ́ργω (dual vocative)
λήθᾱργοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lēthārgus

Traditionally derived from λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetting, forgetfulness”) + ᾱ̓ργός (ārgós, “not working the ground, idle, lazy”). Beekes prefers to compare the word to λαίθαργος (laíthargos, “guileful, treacherous”) and take both as Pre-Greek, though he does note that the traditional etymology seems to have influenced its meaning via folk etymology.


βωλίτης

grc-noun

βωλῑ́της • (bōlī́tēs) m (genitive βωλῑ́του); first declension

βωλῑ́της (canonical)
bōlī́tēs (romanization)
βωλῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ βωλῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ βωλῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ βωλῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ βωλῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βωλῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βωλῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βωλῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βωλῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βωλῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν βωλῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ βωλῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βωλῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
βωλῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
βωλῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
βωλῖται (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the original form βωλήτης (bōlḗtēs) was borrowed from Latin bōlētus, named after the town Boletum (present day Boltaña in Spain, famous for its mushrooms). βωλίτης was remodelled after its derivatives and borrowed back into Latin again by Pliny. The meaning of "root" is influenced by βῶλος (bôlos).
Perhaps cognate with Proto-Slavic *bъdla.

mushroom, especially champignon (Agaricus bisporus)


παράλειψις

πᾰρᾰ́λειψῐς • (paráleipsis) f (genitive πᾰρᾰλείψεως); third declension

πᾰρᾰ́λειψῐς (canonical)
paráleipsis (romanization)
πᾰρᾰλείψεως (genitive)
ἡ πᾰρᾰ́λειψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰλείψει (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρᾰλείψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρᾰλείψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰλειψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρᾰλείψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρᾰλείψει (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰλειψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρᾰλείψεσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰρᾰλείψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs paraleípsesi (dative plural)
taîs paraleípsesin (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰρᾰ́λειψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰλείψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρᾰλείψεις (accusative plural)
πᾰρᾰ́λειψῐ (singular vocative)
πᾰρᾰλείψει (dual vocative)
πᾰρᾰλείψεις (plural vocative)

→ English: paralipsis

→ Finnish: paralipsis

→ French: paralipse

→ German: Paralipse

Greek: παράλειψη (paráleipsi)

→ Italian: paralessi

→ Spanish: paralipsis

From πᾰρᾰλείπω (paraleípō, “to pass over”) + -σῐς (-sis).


ἁγιασμός

grc-noun

ἁγῐασμός • (hagiasmós) m (genitive ἁγῐασμοῦ); second declension

ἁγῐασμός (canonical)
hagiasmós (romanization)
ἁγῐασμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἁγιασμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁγιασμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἁγιασμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἁγιασμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁγιασμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁγιασμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἁγιασμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁγιασμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἁγιασμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἁγιασμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁγιασμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἁγιασμούς (accusative plural)
ἁγιασμέ (singular vocative)
ἁγιασμώ (dual vocative)
ἁγιασμοί (plural vocative)

From ἁγιάζω (hagiázō, “I sanctify, purify”).


αὐλή

αὐλή • (aulḗ) f (genitive αὐλῆς); first declension

aulḗ (romanization)
αὐλῆς (genitive)
ἡ αὐλή (nominative singular)
τὼ αὐλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ αὐλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς αὐλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αὐλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς αὐλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν αὐλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὐλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αὐλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
αὐλή (singular vocative)
αὐλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
αὐλαί (plural vocative)

Greek: αυλή (avlí)

Mariupol Greek: авлы́ (avlý)

Pontic Greek: αυλή (avlí)

→ Laz: ავლი (avli)

→ Latin: aula (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آولی (avlı), آولو (avlu), حولی (havlı)
Turkish: avlu
→ Albanian: avlli
→ Armenian: ավլու (avlu)
→ Bulgarian: авли́я (avlíja)
→ Macedonian: авлија (avlija)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: а̀влија
Latin script: àvlija

→? Northern Kurdish: ewle (“safe”)

Most plausibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“pass the night”) (> *h₂ews- by Schwebeablaut) + *-leh₂: it has been suggested that Tocharian A olar (“companion”) and Tocharian B aulāre are cognate and contain the same suffix. Related to αὖλις (aûlis), ἰαύω (iaúō), ἄεσα (áesa), as well as Old Armenian աւթ (awtʻ, “place to spend the night”). Despite similar phonetics, apparently unrelated to αὐλός (aulós, “hollow tube, pipe, flute”).


μήλων

head

μήλων • (mḗlōn)


κατηγορία

grc-noun

κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
katēgoríā (romanization)
κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰτηγορῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτηγορῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτηγορῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτηγορῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰτηγορῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰτηγορῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κατηγορία (katigoría)

→ Georgian: კატეგორია (ḳaṭegoria)

→ Late Latin: catēgoria (see there for further descendants)

From κᾰτηγορέω (katēgoréō, “I accuse, speak against”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


μήλου

head

μήλου • (mḗlou)


δεσμός

grc-noun

δεσμός • (desmós) m (genitive δεσμοῦ); second declension

desmós (romanization)
δεσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δεσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ δεσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ δεσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δεσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δεσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δεσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δεσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν δεσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δεσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δεσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ δεσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δεσμούς (accusative plural)
δεσμέ (singular vocative)
δεσμώ (dual vocative)
δεσμοί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: δεσμός m (desmós, “relationship”)

δεσμά n pl (desmá, “imprisonment, chains”)

→ Translingual: Desmos


ἀετός

grc-noun

ᾱ̓ετός • (āetós) m (genitive ᾱ̓ετοῦ); second declension

ᾱ̓ετός (canonical)
āetós (romanization)
ᾱ̓ετοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾱ̓ετός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾱ̓ετώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾱ̓ετοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾱ̓ετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾱ̓ετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾱ̓ετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾱ̓ετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾱ̓ετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾱ̓ετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾱ̓ετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾱ̓ετώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾱ̓ετούς (accusative plural)
ᾱ̓ετέ (singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ετώ (dual vocative)
ᾱ̓ετοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αϊτός m (aïtós) / αετός m (aetós, “eagle”), χαρταετός (chartaetós, “kite (toy)”)

desc

Translingual: Circaetus, Ictinaetus, Gypaetus, Haliaeetus (via ἁλιαίετος (haliaíetos, “osprey”)), Hieraaetus,

→ Samoan: aeto

→ Tokelauan: āeto

From Proto-Hellenic *ayyetós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewyetós, from *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognate with Sanskrit वि (ví), Latin avis, Old Armenian հաւ (haw).


ἐλευθερία

grc-noun

ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ • (eleutheríā) f (genitive ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
eleutheríā (romanization)
ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλευθερῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλευθερῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλευθερῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλευθερῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλευθερῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλευθερῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐλευθερῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ελευθερία (elefthería)

From ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος.


ἐλευθερία

grc-noun form

ἐλευθερία • (eleuthería)

inflection of ἐλευθερῐ́η (eleutheríē):
nominative dual

inflection of ἐλευθερῐ́η (eleutheríē):
accusative dual

inflection of ἐλευθερῐ́η (eleutheríē):
vocative dual


τεῖχος

grc-noun

τεῖχος • (teîkhos) n (genitive τείχεος or τείχους); third declension

teîkhos (romanization)
τείχεος (genitive)
τείχους (genitive)
τὸ τεῖχος (nominative singular)
τὼ τείχει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τείχη (nominative plural)
τοῦ τείχους (genitive singular)
τοῖν τειχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τειχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τείχει (dative singular)
τοῖν τειχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τείχεσῐ (dative plural)
τείχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs teíkhesi (dative plural)
toîs teíkhesin (dative plural)
τὸ τεῖχος (accusative singular)
τὼ τείχει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τείχη (accusative plural)
τεῖχος (singular vocative)
τείχει (dual vocative)
τείχη (plural vocative)
τεῖχος (nominative singular)
τείχει (dual nominative)
τείχεε (dual nominative)
τείχεᾰ (nominative plural)
τείχεος (genitive singular)
τείχευς (genitive singular)
τειχέοιν (dual genitive)
τειχέων (genitive plural)
τείχει (dative singular)
τείχεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τειχέοιν (dative dual)
τείχεσῐ (dative plural)
τείχεσῐν (dative plural)
teíkhesi (dative plural)
teíkhesin (dative plural)
τεῖχος (accusative singular)
τείχει (accusative dual)
τείχεε (accusative dual)
τείχεᾰ (accusative plural)
τεῖχος (singular vocative)
τείχει (dual vocative)
τείχεε (dual vocative)
τείχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τείχος (teíchos)

From Proto-Hellenic *téikʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, fashion”).
Cognates include Sanskrit देह (deha), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Latin fingō, and Old Armenian դէզ (dēz). Compare τοῖχος (toîkhos) and παράδεισος (parádeisos).

der

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 227a

wall (especially one enclosing a town or city)


γόνυ

grc-noun

γόνῠ • (gónu) n (genitive γόνᾰτος); third declension

γόνῠ (canonical)
gónu (romanization)
γόνᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γόνῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ γόνᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γόνᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γονᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γόνᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γόνᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γόνᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gónasi (dative plural)
toîs gónasin (dative plural)
τὸ γόνῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ γόνᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γόνῠ (singular vocative)
γόνᾰτε (dual vocative)
γόνᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ γόνῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ γούνᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γούνᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γουνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γούνᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν γούνᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γούνᾰσῐν (dative plural)
γούνᾰσσῐ (dative plural)
γούνᾰσσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi goúnasi (dative plural)
toîsi goúnasin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
goúnassi (dative plural)
goúnassin (dative plural)
τὸ γόνῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ γούνᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γόνῠ (singular vocative)
γούνᾰτε (dual vocative)
γούνᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γούνᾰσῐ(ν)/γούνᾰσσῐ(ν)

Greek: γόνατο (gónato)

From Proto-Hellenic *gónu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognates include Sanskrit जानु (jānu), Latin genu, Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʻ), Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu), and Old English cnēow (English knee).


βαττολογία

grc-noun

βαττολογῐ́ᾱς

βαττολογῐ́ᾱ • (battologíā) f (genitive βαττολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension

βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
battologíā (romanization)
βαττολογῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βαττολογῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς βαττολογῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαττολογῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαττολογῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βαττολογῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαττολογῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βαττολογῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν βαττολογῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βαττολογῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
βαττολογῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
βαττολογῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From βαττολογέω (battologéō) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

βαττολογέω (battologéō) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)


ὄζον

head

ὄζον • (ózon) m


χθών

grc-noun

χθών • (khthṓn) f (genitive χθονός); third declension

khthṓn (romanization)
χθονός (genitive)
ἡ χθών (nominative singular)
τὼ χθόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ χθόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς χθονός (genitive singular)
τοῖν χθονοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χθονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χθονῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν χθονοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χθοσῐ́ (dative plural)
χθοσῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs khthosí (dative plural)
taîs khthosín (dative plural)
τὴν χθόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χθόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χθόνᾰς (accusative plural)
χθών (singular vocative)
χθόνε (dual vocative)
χθόνες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰtʰṓn, full transference to n-stem (cf. εἷς (heîs), χῐών (khiṓn)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm, with the Proto-Indo-European cluster *dʰǵʰ- metathesizing into Proto-Greek *kʰtʰ- from an earlier Proto-Hellenic *tʰkʰṓn, since Greek stop clusters must always end in a dental. Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa) and Latin humus.


ὀδμή

ὀδμή • (odmḗ) f (genitive ὀδμῆς); first declension

odmḗ (romanization)
ὀδμῆς (genitive)
ὀδμή (nominative singular)
ὀδμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
ὀδμαί (nominative plural)
ὀδμῆς (genitive singular)
ὀδμαῖν (dual genitive)
ὀδμαῖῐν (dual genitive)
ὀδμῇῐν (dual genitive)
odmaîn (dual genitive)
odmaîin (dual genitive)
odmêiin (dual genitive)
ὀδμᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
ὀδμέ͜ων (genitive plural)
ὀδμῶν (genitive plural)
ὀδμῇ (dative singular)
ὀδμαῖν (dative dual)
ὀδμαῖῐν (dative dual)
ὀδμῇῐν (dative dual)
odmaîn (dative dual)
odmaîin (dative dual)
odmêiin (dative dual)
ὀδμῇσῐ (dative plural)
ὀδμῇσῐν (dative plural)
ὀδμῇς (dative plural)
ὀδμαῖς (dative plural)
odmêisi (dative plural)
odmêisin (dative plural)
odmêis (dative plural)
odmaîs (dative plural)
ὀδμήν (accusative singular)
ὀδμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
ὀδμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ὀδμή (singular vocative)
ὀδμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ὀδμαί (plural vocative)


ὀσμή

ὀσμή • (osmḗ) f (genitive ὀσμῆς); first declension

osmḗ (romanization)
ὀσμῆς (genitive)
ἡ ὀσμή (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀσμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀσμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀσμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀσμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ὀσμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀσμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ὀσμή (singular vocative)
ὀσμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ὀσμαί (plural vocative)

Greek: οσμή (osmí)


ἀπόδρασις

ἀπόδρᾱσῐς • (apódrāsis) f (genitive ἀποδρᾱ́σεως); third declension

ἀπόδρᾱσῐς (canonical)
apódrāsis (romanization)
ἀποδρᾱ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ ἀπόδρᾱσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποδρᾱ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀποδρᾱ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀποδρᾱ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποδρᾱσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποδρᾱ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀποδρᾱ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποδρᾱσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀποδρᾱ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
ἀποδρᾱ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs apodrā́sesi (dative plural)
taîs apodrā́sesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀπόδρᾱσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποδρᾱ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀποδρᾱ́σεις (accusative plural)
ἀπόδρᾱσῐ (singular vocative)
ἀποδρᾱ́σει (dual vocative)
ἀποδρᾱ́σεις (plural vocative)

From ἀποδῐδρᾱ́σκω (apodidrā́skō, “I escape from”) + -σῐς (-sis), from ἀπό (apó, “from”) + διδράσκω (didráskō, “I run away, escape”).

af

ἀποδῐδρᾱ́σκω


γένυς

grc-noun

γένῡς, γένῠς

γένῡς, γένῠς • (génūs, génus) f (genitive γένῠος); third declension

γένῡς (canonical)
γένῠς (canonical)
génūs (romanization)
génus (romanization)
γένῠος (genitive)
ἡ γένῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ γένῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ γένῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς γένῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γενῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γενῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ γένῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
γένυι (dative singular)
τοῖν γενῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γένῠσῐ (dative plural)
γένῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs génusi (dative plural)
taîs génusin (dative plural)
τὴν γένῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ γένῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γένῡς (accusative plural)
γένῠᾰς (accusative plural)
γένῠ (singular vocative)
γένῠε (dual vocative)
γένῠες (plural vocative)
γένῡς (nominative singular)
γένῠε (dual nominative)
γένῠες (nominative plural)
γένῠος (genitive singular)
γενῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
γενῠ́ων (genitive plural)
γένῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
γένυι (dative singular)
γενῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
γενῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
γενῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
γένῡσῐ (dative plural)
γένῡσῐν (dative plural)
γένῡσσῐ (dative plural)
γένῡσσῐν (dative plural)
genúessi (dative plural)
genúessin (dative plural)
génūsi (dative plural)
génūsin (dative plural)
génūssi (dative plural)
génūssin (dative plural)
γένῡν (accusative singular)
γένῠε (accusative dual)
γένῡς (accusative plural)
γένῠᾰς (accusative plural)
γένῡ (singular vocative)
γένῠε (dual vocative)
γένῠες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *génus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu-, *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).
Cognates include Sanskrit हनु (hánu), Latin gena, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt, “jaw”), Persian چانه (čâne), Tocharian A śanwem, Lithuanian žandas, Welsh gên, and English chin.


θυμός

θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension

tlb

(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine)

θῡμός (canonical)
thūmós (romanization)
θῡμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θῡμός (nominative singular)
τὼ θῡμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θῡμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῡμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῡμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῡμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θῡμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῡμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῡμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θῡμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θῡμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῡμούς (accusative plural)
θῡμέ (singular vocative)
θῡμώ (dual vocative)
θῡμοί (plural vocative)
θῡμός (nominative singular)
θῡμώ (dual nominative)
θῡμοί (nominative plural)
θῡμοῦ (genitive singular)
θῡμοῖο (genitive singular)
θῡμόο (genitive singular)
θῡμοῖῐν (dual genitive)
θῡμῶν (genitive plural)
θῡμῷ (dative singular)
θῡμοῖῐν (dative dual)
θῡμοῖσῐ (dative plural)
θῡμοῖσῐν (dative plural)
θῡμοῖς (dative plural)
thūmoîsi (dative plural)
thūmoîsin (dative plural)
thūmoîs (dative plural)
θῡμόν (accusative singular)
θῡμώ (accusative dual)
θῡμούς (accusative plural)
θῡμέ (singular vocative)
θῡμώ (dual vocative)
θῡμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: θυμός (thymós)

→? Albanian: tym

desc

→ English: alexithymia, arithmothymia, cyclothymia, dysthymia, hyperthymia, hypothymia, isothymia, megalothymia, schizothymia

алекситими́я

→ Russian: алекситими́я (aleksitimíja), гипертими́я (gipertimíja), гипотими́я (gipotimíja), дистими́я (distimíja), паратими́я (paratimíja), циклотими́я (ciklotimíja), шизотими́я (šizotimíja)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Lithuanian dūmas, Latin fūmus, Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ) and Albanian tym.

soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought


χήν

grc-noun

χήν • (khḗn) m or f (genitive χηνός); third declension

khḗn (romanization)
χηνός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χήν (nominative singular)
τὼ χῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χηνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν χηνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χηνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν χηνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χησῐ́ (dative plural)
χησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs khēsí (dative plural)
taîs khēsín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
χήν (singular vocative)
χῆνε (dual vocative)
χῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: χήνα (chína)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰā́n, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognates include Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá), Latin ānser, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Old English gōs (English goose), and Albanian gatë (“heron”).


γάλως

γᾰ́λως • (gálōs) f (genitive γᾰ́λω); second declension

γᾰ́λως • (gálōs) f (genitive γᾰ́λωτος); third declension

γᾰ́λως (canonical)
gálōs (romanization)
γᾰ́λω (genitive)
γᾰ́λως (canonical)
gálōs (romanization)
γᾰ́λωτος (genitive)
ἡ γᾰ́λως (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰ́λῳ (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰ́λω (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́λῳν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́λῳν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰ́λῳς (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰ́λω (accusative singular)
γᾰ́λων (accusative singular)
tḕn gálō (accusative singular)
tḕn gálōn (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰ́λως (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λως (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λῳ (plural vocative)
ἡ γᾰ́λως (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λωτε (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰ́λωτες (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰ́λωτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλώτων (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰ́λωτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλώτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰ́λωσῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λωσῐν (dative plural)
taîs gálōsi (dative plural)
taîs gálōsin (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰ́λωτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λωτε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰ́λωτᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λως (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λωτε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λωτες (plural vocative)

Probably from Proto-Hellenic *galawos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂lōws. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic зълъва (zŭlŭva) (Russian золовка (zolovka)), Latin glōs, Phrygian γέλαρος (gélaros) and Old Armenian տալ (tal).

sister-in-law: husband's sister or brother's wife


θυγατέρα

grc-noun form

θῠγᾰτέρᾰ • (thugatéra)

θῠγᾰτέρᾰ (canonical)
thugatéra (romanization)

accusative singular of θυγάτηρ (thugátēr)


συγάτηρ

head

συγάτηρ • (sugátēr)

Tsakonian: σάτη (sáti)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰúgatēr (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀶𐀏𐀳 (tu-ka-te /tʰúgatēr/)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.


τίσις

grc-noun

τῐ́σῐς • (tísis) f (genitive τῐ́σεως); third declension

τῐ́σῐς (canonical)
tísis (romanization)
τῐ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ τῐ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τῐ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ τῐ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν τῐσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
τῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs tísesi (dative plural)
taîs tísesin (dative plural)
τὴν τῐ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τῐ́σεις (accusative plural)
τῐ́σῐ (singular vocative)
τῐ́σει (dual vocative)
τῐ́σεις (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷítis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéytis, from *kʷey- (“to pay, avenge”) (whence τίνω (tínō) and τίω (tíō)). By surface analysis, τίω (tíō) + -σῐς (-sis).

surf

penalty, punishment, atonement, retribution, reward


χεῖλος

grc-noun

χεῖλος • (kheîlos) n (genitive χείλεος or χείλους); third declension

kheîlos (romanization)
χείλεος (genitive)
χείλους (genitive)
τὸ χεῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ χείλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χείλει (dative singular)
τοῖν χειλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheílesi (dative plural)
toîs kheílesin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖλος (accusative singular)
τὼ χείλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείλη (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλη (plural vocative)
χεῖλος (nominative singular)
χείλει (dual nominative)
χείλεε (dual nominative)
χείλεᾰ (nominative plural)
χείλεος (genitive singular)
χείλευς (genitive singular)
χειλέοιν (dual genitive)
χειλέων (genitive plural)
χείλει (dative singular)
χείλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
χειλέοιν (dative dual)
χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
kheílesi (dative plural)
kheílesin (dative plural)
χεῖλος (accusative singular)
χείλει (accusative dual)
χείλεε (accusative dual)
χείλεᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλεε (dual vocative)
χείλεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ χεῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ χείλει (dual nominative)
χείλεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείλεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείλεος (genitive singular)
χείλευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ χείλει (dative singular)
χείλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi kheílesi (dative plural)
toîsi kheílesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖλος (accusative singular)
τὼ χείλει (accusative dual)
χείλεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείλεᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλεε (dual vocative)
χείλεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: χείλος (cheílos)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”).


ἔορ

ἔορ • (éor) f (genitive ἔορος); third declension

éor (romanization)
ἔορος (genitive)
ἡ ἔορ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔορε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἔορες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἔορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐόρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἔορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐόροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἔορσῐ (dative plural)
ἔορσῐν (dative plural)
taîs éorsi (dative plural)
taîs éorsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔορε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἔορᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔορ (singular vocative)
ἔορε (dual vocative)
ἔορες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Cognates include Sanskrit स्वसृ (svásṛ), Latin soror, Old Armenian քոյր (kʻoyr), Old English sweostor (English sister).

daughter of a cousin (a kind of female first cousin once removed)


σκάριφος

σκᾰ́ρῑφος • (skárīphos) m (genitive σκᾰρῑ́φου); second declension

σκᾰ́ρῑφος (canonical)
skárīphos (romanization)
σκᾰρῑ́φου (genitive)
ὁ σκᾰ́ρῑφος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰρῑ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκᾰ́ρῑφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰρῑ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰρῑ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰρῑ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰρῑ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰρῑ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰρῑ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκᾰ́ρῑφον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰρῑ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκᾰρῑ́φους (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́ρῑφε (singular vocative)
σκᾰρῑ́φω (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́ρῑφοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Latin scrībō.


χορδή

χορδή • (khordḗ) f (genitive χορδῆς); first declension

khordḗ (romanization)
χορδῆς (genitive)
ἡ χορδή (nominative singular)
τὼ χορδᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ χορδαί (nominative plural)
τῆς χορδῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χορδαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χορδῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χορδαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χορδαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν χορδήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χορδᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χορδᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χορδή (singular vocative)
χορδᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χορδαί (plural vocative)

Greek: χορδή (chordí)

Mariupol Greek: кордъа́ (korðá)

→ Latin: chorda (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: хо́рда (xórda)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH- (“bowel”). Cognates include Sanskrit हिर (hira), Latin hernia, and Old English ġearn (English yarn).

string of gut, chord, especially of a lyre or harp

that which is made from guts:
sausage, black pudding


ὄϊς

ὄϊς • (óïs) m or f (genitive ὄϊος); third declension

óïs (romanization)
ὄϊος (genitive)
ὄϊς (nominative singular)
ὄϊες (nominative plural)
ὄϊος (genitive singular)
ὀΐων (genitive plural)
ὀῑ̈́ (dative singular)
ὀΐεσσι (dative plural)
ὀΐεσσιν (dative plural)
ὄεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὄεσσῐν (dative plural)
oḯessi (dative plural)
oḯessin (dative plural)
óessi (dative plural)
óessin (dative plural)
ὄϊν (accusative singular)
ὄῑ̈ς (accusative plural)
ὄϊς (singular vocative)
ὄϊες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀΐεσσι(ν), ὄεσσῐ(ν)


νέες

head

νέες • (nées)

Epic and Ionic form of νῆες (nêes): nominative/vocative plural of νηῦς (nēûs)


οἶς

grc-noun

οἶς • (oîs) m or f (genitive οἰός); third declension

oîs (romanization)
οἰός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ οἶς (nominative singular)
τὼ οἶε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ οἶες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς οἰός (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ οἰί (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς οἰσί (dative plural)
οἰσίν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs oisí (dative plural)
taîs oisín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν οἶν (accusative singular)
τὼ οἶε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς οἶς (accusative plural)
οἶ (singular vocative)
οἶε (dual vocative)
οἶες (plural vocative)

Contracted form of ὄϊς (óïs), from Proto-Hellenic *ówis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Latin ovis, and Old English eowu (English ewe).


κοινά

head

κοινᾱ́ • (koinā́)

κοινᾱ́ (canonical)
koinā́ (romanization)

Uncertain. Hesychius gives the definition as χόρτος (khórtos). The stem κοιν- (koin-) matches perfectly with the expected Greek descendant of Proto-Indo-European *ḱóyno-, with cognates including Old Church Slavonic сѣно (sěno), and Lithuanian šienas. This would work with the definition "grass, hay" of χόρτος (khórtos). However, some have argued that it may simply be an inflected form of κοινός (koinós, “common”), interpreting it as simply a communal piece of land, lining up with the "barn, pasture" sense of χόρτος (khórtos).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. See etymology.


νέας

νέᾰς • (néas)

Epic and Ionic form of ναῦς (naûs): accusative plural of νηῦς (nēûs)


νέα

Epic and Ionic form of ναῦν (naûn): accusative singular of νηῦς (nēûs)


κόρης

grc-noun form

κόρης • (kórēs)


δυνάμεων

δῠνᾰ́μεων • (dunámeōn) f

δῠνᾰ́μεων (canonical)
dunámeōn (romanization)


δυνάμεως

δῠνᾰ́μεως • (dunámeōs) f

δῠνᾰ́μεως (canonical)
dunámeōs (romanization)


δυνάμεις

δῠνάμεις • (dunámeis)

δῠνάμεις (canonical)
dunámeis (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of δύνᾰμῐς (dúnamis)


προσῳδία

grc-noun

προσῳδῐ́ᾱ • (prosōidíā) f (genitive προσῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
prosōidíā (romanization)
προσῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ προσῳδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς προσῳδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσῳδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προσῳδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσῳδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς προσῳδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν προσῳδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προσῳδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
προσῳδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Latin: accentus (calque)

Latin: prosōdia

English: prosody

German: Prosodie, Prosodik

From πρός (prós, “to”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


ἐπιχαιρεκακία

grc-noun

ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ

ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱς

ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ • (epikhairekakíā) f (genitive ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
epikhairekakíā (romanization)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ

→ English: epicaricacy

From ἐπῐχαιρέκᾰκος (epikhairékakos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from κᾰκός (kakós, “evil”) + ἐπιχαίρω (epikhaírō, “I rejoice”), from ἐπι- (epi-) + χαίρω (khaírō).

af

ἐπῐχαιρέκᾰκος

[…] ἔνια γὰρ εὐθὺς ὠνόμασται συνειλημμένα μετὰ τῆς φαυλότητος, οἷον ἐπιχαιρεκακία ἀναισχυντία φθόνος, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πράξεων μοιχεία κλοπὴ ἀνδροφονία […]
[…] énia gàr euthùs ōnómastai suneilēmména metà tês phaulótētos, hoîon epikhairekakía anaiskhuntía phthónos, kaì epì tôn práxeōn moikheía klopḕ androphonía […]

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 2.1107a.9–10

1911 translation by D. P. Chase
[…] for some have names that already imply badness, e.g. spite, shamelessness, envy, and in the case of actions adultery, theft, murder […]

νέμεσις δὲ μεσότης φθόνου καὶ ἐπιχαιρεκακίας, εἰσὶ δὲ περὶ λύπην καὶ ἡδονὴν τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβαίνουσι τοῖς πέλας γινομένας […]
némesis dè mesótēs phthónou kaì epikhairekakías, eisì dè perì lúpēn kaì hēdonḕn tàs epì toîs sumbaínousi toîs pélas ginoménas […]

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 2.1108b.1

1911 translation by D. P. Chase
Righteous indignation is a mean between envy and spite, and these states are concerned with the pain and pleasure that are felt at the fortunes of our neighbours […]

joy at the misfortune of another, spitefulness, schadenfreude, epicaricacy


ἄγος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́γος • (ágos) n (genitive ᾰ̓́γεος or ᾰ̓́γους); third declension

ᾰ̓́γος (canonical)
ágos (romanization)
ᾰ̓́γεος (genitive)
ᾰ̓́γους (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́γεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́γεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́γευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́γει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́γεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́γεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi ágesi (dative plural)
toîsi ágesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́γεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́γους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́γει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́γεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́γεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ágesi (dative plural)
toîs ágesin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γη (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Most commonly explained as from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égos, from *h₂eg-, with cognates such as Sanskrit आगस् (ā́gas) and Old English acan (English ache) (i.e. Beekes, Pokorny). However, Chantraine prefers a relation to ἅγιος (hágios, “holy”), in which case cognate to Sanskrit यजस् (yájas, “worship, sacrifice”) with unexplained initial deaspiration.


ὄκρις

grc-noun

ὄκρῐς • (ókris) f (genitive ὄκρῐος); third declension

ὄκρῐς (canonical)
ókris (romanization)
ὄκρῐος (genitive)
ἡ ὄκρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄκρῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄκρῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄκρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀκρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀκρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄκρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀκρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄκρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὄκρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ókrisi (dative plural)
taîs ókrisin (dative plural)
τὴν ὄκρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄκρῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄκρῑς (accusative plural)
ὄκρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄκρῐ (singular vocative)
ὄκρῐε (dual vocative)
ὄκρῐες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ókris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óḱris (“sharp edge, top, angle, corner”). Cognates include Sanskrit अश्रि (áśri) and Latin ocris.


οὖθαρ

grc-noun

οὖθᾰρ • (oûthar) n (genitive οὔθᾰτος); third declension

οὖθᾰρ (canonical)
oûthar (romanization)
οὔθᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ οὖθᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔθᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὔθᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔθᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐθᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐθᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔθᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐθᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔθᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔθᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oúthasi (dative plural)
toîs oúthasin (dative plural)
τὸ οὖθᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔθᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὔθᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖθᾰρ (singular vocative)
οὔθᾰτε (dual vocative)
οὔθᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥. Cognates include Vedic Sanskrit ऊधर् (ū́dhar), Latin ūber, Old English ūder, and modern English udder.


ἄκρις

ᾰ̓́κρῐς • (ákris) f (genitive ᾰ̓́κρῐος or ᾰ̓́κρεως); third declension

ᾰ̓́κρῐς (canonical)
ákris (romanization)
ᾰ̓́κρῐος (genitive)
ᾰ̓́κρεως (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́κρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́κρῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́κρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓κρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́κρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́κρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ákrisi (dative plural)
taîs ákrisin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́κρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́κρῑς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρῐε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρῐες (plural vocative)
ἡ ᾰ̓́κρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρει (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́κρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́κρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́κρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́κρει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́κρεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ákresi (dative plural)
taîs ákresin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́κρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́κρεις (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρεις (plural vocative)

From ᾰ̓́κρος (ákros, “edge, extremity”).


μένος

μένος • (ménos) n (genitive μένεος or μένους); third declension

ménos (romanization)
μένεος (genitive)
μένους (genitive)
τὸ μένος (nominative singular)
τὼ μένει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μένη (nominative plural)
τοῦ μένους (genitive singular)
τοῖν μενοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μενῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μένει (dative singular)
τοῖν μενοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μένεσῐ (dative plural)
μένεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ménesi (dative plural)
toîs ménesin (dative plural)
τὸ μένος (accusative singular)
τὼ μένει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μένη (accusative plural)
μένος (singular vocative)
μένει (dual vocative)
μένη (plural vocative)
μένος (nominative singular)
μένει (dual nominative)
μένεε (dual nominative)
μένεᾰ (nominative plural)
μένεος (genitive singular)
μένευς (genitive singular)
μενέοιν (dual genitive)
μενέων (genitive plural)
μένει (dative singular)
μένεῐ̈ (dative singular)
μενέοιν (dative dual)
μένεσῐ (dative plural)
μένεσῐν (dative plural)
ménesi (dative plural)
ménesin (dative plural)
μένος (accusative singular)
μένει (accusative dual)
μένεε (accusative dual)
μένεᾰ (accusative plural)
μένος (singular vocative)
μένει (dual vocative)
μένεε (dual vocative)
μένεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ménos, from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬋 (manō) and Sanskrit मनस् (mánas).


ἐπιστολή

ἐπῐστολή • (epistolḗ) f (genitive ἐπῐστολῆς); first declension

ἐπῐστολή (canonical)
epistolḗ (romanization)
ἐπῐστολῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐστολή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐστολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐστολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐστολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐστολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐστολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐστολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐστολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐστολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐστολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐστολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐστολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐστολή (singular vocative)
ἐπῐστολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἐπῐστολαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ (epistolē)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍀𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴 (aipistaulē)

Greek: επιστολή (epistolí)

desctree

→ Latin: epistola, epistula
Catalan: epístola
German: Epistel
Galician: epístola
Italian: epistola
Old French: epistre, epistle
→ English: epistle
French: épître
Portuguese: epístola
Romanian: epistolă
Spanish: epístola
Walloon: episse
→ French: épistule, épistole
→ Middle English: epistel, epistle (also via Old French)
English: epistle
→ Old English: pistol
Middle English: pistel, pistle
English: pistle
Scots: pistil, pistle

From ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “to send a message”) + -η (-ē).


σατράπης

grc-noun

σᾰτράπης • (satrápēs) m (genitive σᾰτράπου); first declension

σᾰτράπης (canonical)
satrápēs (romanization)
σᾰτράπου (genitive)
ὁ σατράπης (nominative singular)
τὼ σατράπᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σατράπαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σατράπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σατράπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σατραπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σατράπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σατράπαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σατράπαις (dative plural)
τὸν σατράπην (accusative singular)
τὼ σατράπᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σατράπᾱς (accusative plural)
σατράπη (singular vocative)
σατράπᾱ (dual vocative)
σατράπαι (plural vocative)

Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܣܛܪܦܐ (saṭrāpā)

Latin: satrapēs

Old Armenian: սատրապ (satrap)

Russian: сатра́п m (satráp)

David Neil MacKenzie
Encyclopaedia Iranica

Borrowed from Old Median *xšaθrapāvā, which is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (x-š-ç-p-a-v-a /xšaçapāvā/); see there for more.

cog

a satrap, title of a Persian viceroy or governor of a province (satrapy)


πῶυ

grc-noun

πῶῠ • (pôu) n (genitive πώεος); third declension

πῶῠ (canonical)
pôu (romanization)
πώεος (genitive)
πῶῠ (nominative singular)
πώει (dual nominative)
πώη (nominative plural)
πώεᾰ (nominative plural)
πώεος (genitive singular)
πωέοιῐν (dual genitive)
πώεων (genitive plural)
πώει (dative singular)
πωέοιῐν (dative dual)
πωέεσσῐ (dative plural)
πωέεσσῐν (dative plural)
πωέεσῐ (dative plural)
πωέεσῐν (dative plural)
πώεσῐ (dative plural)
πώεσῐν (dative plural)
pōéessi (dative plural)
pōéessin (dative plural)
pōéesi (dative plural)
pōéesin (dative plural)
pṓesi (dative plural)
pṓesin (dative plural)
πῶῠ (accusative singular)
πώει (accusative dual)
πώη (accusative plural)
πώεᾰ (accusative plural)
πῶῠ (singular vocative)
πώει (dual vocative)
πώη (plural vocative)
πώεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂yu, from *peh₂- (“to protect”), whence also ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsmen”). Cognate with Sanskrit पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”).

cog

ἀρνειῷ μιν ἔγωγε ἐΐσκω πηγεσιμάλλῳ,
ὅς τ᾽ οἰῶν μέγα πῶυ διέρχεται ἀργεννάων.

Like a ram he seemeth to me, a ram of thick fleece,
that paceth through a great flock of white ewes.


πτέρνη

grc-noun

πτέρνη • (ptérnē) f (genitive πτέρνης); first declension

ptérnē (romanization)
πτέρνης (genitive)
ἡ πτέρνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτέρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτέρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρναις (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρνᾱς (accusative plural)
πτέρνη (singular vocative)
πτέρνᾱ (dual vocative)
πτέρναι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognates include Latin perna and Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi). Doublet of πέρνα (pérna, “ham”), which was borrowed from Latin.

(figuratively) foot or lower part of anything


πέρνα

πέρνᾰ • (pérna) f (genitive πέρνης); first declension

πέρνᾰ (canonical)
pérna (romanization)
πέρνης (genitive)
ἡ πέρνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πέρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πέρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πέρναις (dative plural)
τὴν πέρνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πέρνᾱς (accusative plural)
πέρνᾰ (singular vocative)
πέρνᾱ (dual vocative)
πέρναι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin perna. Doublet of πτέρνη (ptérnē, “heel”), which was inherited.


πῶμα

πῶμᾰ • (pôma) n (genitive πώμᾰτος); third declension

πῶμᾰ (canonical)
pôma (romanization)
πώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs pṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
πώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂mn̥, from *peh₂- (“to protect”). Cognates include Sanskrit पात्र (pātra), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr), German Futter.


πῶμα

From the root of πίνω (pínō, “I drink”) + -μᾰ (-ma); from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃- (“to drink”).


ἔχις

ἔχις • (ékhis) m or f (genitive ἔχῐος or ἔχεως); third declension

ékhis (romanization)
ἔχῐος (genitive)
ἔχεως (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἔχῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔχει (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἔχεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἔχεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἔχεων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἔχει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἔχεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs ékhesi (dative plural)
taîs ékhesin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἔχῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔχει (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἔχεις (accusative plural)
ἔχῐ (singular vocative)
ἔχει (dual vocative)
ἔχεις (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁égʰis with cognates including Sanskrit अहि (áhi), Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌 (aži) and Old Armenian իժ (iž).


ὄφις

ὄφῐς • (óphis) m (genitive ὄφεως or ὄφιος); third declension

ὄφῐς (canonical)
óphis (romanization)
ὄφεως (genitive)
ὄφιος (genitive)
ὁ ὄφῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄφει (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄφεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄφεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄφεων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄφει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄφεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄφεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs óphesi (dative plural)
toîs óphesin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄφῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄφει (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄφεις (accusative plural)
ὄφῐ (singular vocative)
ὄφει (dual vocative)
ὄφεις (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: ὄφις (óphis), ὄφης m, ὄφιος m, ὀφίδιον n (ophídion), ὀφίδιν n (ophídin), ὀφίδι n, φίδιν n (phídin), φίδι n

Modern Greek: φίδι (fídi), όφιος m (rare, literary)

Mariupol Greek: фидъ (fið)

→ Coptic: ⲟⲃⲓⲟⲛ m (obion)

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷʰis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ógʷʰis (“snake”). Cognates include Sanskrit अहि (áhi), Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌- (aži-) and Old Armenian իժ (iž).


ἔγχελυς

grc-noun

ἔγχελῠς • (énkhelus) f (genitive ἐγχέλῠος); third declension

ἔγχελῠς (canonical)
énkhelus (romanization)
ἐγχέλῠος (genitive)
ἡ ἔγχελῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγχέλῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγχέλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγχελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγχέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἐγχέλυι (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγχέλῠσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγχέλῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusi (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔγχελῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγχέλῡς (accusative plural)
ἐγχέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔγχελῠ (singular vocative)
ἐγχέλῠε (dual vocative)
ἐγχέλῠες (plural vocative)

q

from diminutive <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐγχέλειον</i> (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek

Greek: χέλι (chéli) (from diminutive ἐγχέλειον (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܢܩܗܠܝܣ, ܐܢܩܠܣܐ, ܐܢܩܠܝܣ

→ Arabic: أَنْقَلِيس (ʔanqalīs)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂engʷʰ- (“water-worm, eel”). Cognate with Latin anguilla (“eel”), Old High German angar (“mealworm, larva, grub”) (Modern German Engerling), Russian у́горь (úgorʹ), Lithuanian ungurỹs.
Influenced by ἔχις (ékhis, “snake”), in a same way Latin anguilla (“eel”) was influenced by anguis (“snake”), but unfortunately no Indo-European form can be reconstructed due to similar changes in other daughter languages, commonly attributed to a taboo. Cognate with Old Prussian angurgis and Albanian ngjalë. Compare Finnish ankerias (a Baltic loan).


κλῖμαξ

grc-noun

κλῖμᾰξ • (klîmax) f (genitive κλῑ́μᾰκος); third declension

κλῖμᾰξ (canonical)
klîmax (romanization)
κλῑ́μᾰκος (genitive)
ἡ κλῖμᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κλῑ́μᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλῑ́μᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς κλῑ́μᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλῑμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλῑμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ κλῑ́μᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλῑμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλῑ́μᾰξῐ (dative plural)
κλῑ́μᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs klī́maxi (dative plural)
taîs klī́maxin (dative plural)
τὴν κλῑ́μᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλῑ́μᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλῑ́μᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
κλῖμᾰξ (singular vocative)
κλῑ́μᾰκε (dual vocative)
κλῑ́μᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: κλίμακα (klímaka)

→ Latin: clīmax

the blocks of wood placed above the wheels of a chariot


προσδοκία

προσδοκῐ́ᾱ • (prosdokíā) f (genitive προσδοκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
prosdokíā (romanization)
προσδοκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ προσδοκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς προσδοκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσδοκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσδοκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προσδοκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσδοκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς προσδοκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν προσδοκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προσδοκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
προσδοκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
προσδοκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: προσδοκία (prosdokía) (learned)

ἀποψυχόντων ἀνθρώπων ἀπὸ φόβου καὶ προσδοκίας τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ· αἱ γὰρ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται.


ψύλλα

grc-noun

ψῠ́λλᾰ • (psúlla) f (genitive ψῠ́λλης); first declension

ψῠ́λλᾰ (canonical)
psúlla (romanization)
ψῠ́λλης (genitive)
ἡ ψῠ́λλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῠ́λλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψῠ́λλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῠλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψῠ́λλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψῠ́λλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ψῠ́λλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψῠ́λλᾱς (accusative plural)
ψῠ́λλᾰ (singular vocative)
ψῠ́λλᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῠ́λλαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *plusy(e)h₂ (“flea”) by metathesis. Cognates include Latin pūlex, Sanskrit प्लुषि (plúṣi), Old Armenian լու (lu), Old English flēah, flēa (English flea), Albanian plesht.

τούτων δὲ οἱ μὲν Ψυλλοτοξόται ἐπὶ ψυλλῶν μεγάλων ἱππάζονται, ὅθεν καὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν ἔχουσιν.

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, True Story 1.13

The flea-archers ride on great fleas, which is also where they get their name from.

toútōn dè hoi mèn Psullotoxótai epì psullôn megálōn hippázontai, hóthen kaì tḕn prosēgorían ékhousin.

type of venomous spider, perhaps a type of widow


πλεύμων

πλεύμων • (pleúmōn) m (genitive πλεύμονος); third declension

pleúmōn (romanization)
πλεύμονος (genitive)
ὁ πλεύμων (nominative singular)
τὼ πλεύμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πλεύμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλεύμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλευμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλευμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλεύμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλευμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλεύμοσῐ (dative plural)
πλεύμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pleúmosi (dative plural)
toîs pleúmosin (dative plural)
τὸν πλεύμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πλεύμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλεύμονᾰς (accusative plural)
πλεῦμον (singular vocative)
πλεύμονε (dual vocative)
πλεύμονες (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
From Proto-Hellenic *pléwmōn, from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō. Cognates include Sanskrit क्लोमन् (klóman), Latin pulmō and Old Church Slavonic плюща (pljušta).


πνευμονία

head

πνευμονίᾱ • (pneumoníā)

πνευμονίᾱ (canonical)
pneumoníā (romanization)
ἡ πνευμονῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πνευμονῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πνευμονῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς πνευμονῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνευμονῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνευμονῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πνευμονῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνευμονῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πνευμονῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν πνευμονῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πνευμονῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πνευμονῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
πνευμονῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
πνευμονῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
πνευμονῐ́αι (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πνευμονία f (pneumonía)

Greek: πνευμονία f (pnevmonía)

→ Russian: пневмони́я f (pnevmoníja)

→ Latin: pneumonia

→ Catalan: pneumònia f

→ English: pneumonia

→ Hindi: न्यूमोनिया f (nyūmoniyā)

→ Finnish: pneumonia

→ French: pneumonie f

→ Dutch: pneumonie f

→ German: Pneumonie f

→ Czech: pneumonie f

→ Portuguese: pneumonia f

→ Slovak: pneumónia f

→ Spanish: neumonía f

→ Romanian: pneumonie f

From πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”) + -ία (-ía).


πέλμα

grc-noun

πέλμᾰ • (pélma) n (genitive πέλμᾰτος); third declension

πέλμᾰ (canonical)
pélma (romanization)
πέλμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πέλμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέλμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέλμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέλμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πέλμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέλμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πέλμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pélmasi (dative plural)
toîs pélmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πέλμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πέλμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέλμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πέλμᾰ (singular vocative)
πέλμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πέλμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πέλμα (pélma)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *pélmn̥, from *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”) and cognate with Proto-Germanic *felmô (“covering, skin”) (whence English film). Compare also Latin pellis (“skin”), Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, hide”) and Proto-Slavic *plěna (“membrane”) from the same root.


πέταλον

grc-noun

πέτᾰλον • (pétalon) n (genitive πετᾰ́λου); second declension

πέτᾰλον (canonical)
pétalon (romanization)
πετᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ πέτᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ πετᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέτᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πετᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πετᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πετᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ πετᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πετᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πετᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ πέτᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πετᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέτᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
πέτᾰλον (singular vocative)
πετᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
πέτᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πέταλο (pétalo)

→ Catalan: pètal

→ Dutch: petaal, petalum

→ English: petal

→ Esperanto: petalo

→ French: pétale

→ Galician: pétalo

→ Ido: petalo

→ Irish: peiteal

→ Old Georgian: პეტალოჲ (ṗeṭaloy)

→ Italian: petalo

→ Norman: pétale

→ Portuguese: pétala

→ Romanian: petală

→ Spanish: pétalo

→ Swahili: petali

From πετάννυμι (petánnumi, “I open, spread out”).


πυλεών

πῠλεών • (puleṓn) m (genitive πῠλεῶνος); third declension

πῠλεών (canonical)
puleṓn (romanization)
πῠλεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ πῠλεών (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠλεῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠλεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠλεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠλεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠλεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠλεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠλεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠλεῶσῐ (dative plural)
πῠλεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs puleôsi (dative plural)
toîs puleôsin (dative plural)
τὸν πῠλεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠλεῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠλεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠλεών (singular vocative)
πῠλεῶνε (dual vocative)
πῠλεῶνες (plural vocative)

Alternative form of πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).


πυλεών

πῠλεών (canonical)
puleṓn (romanization)
πῠλεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ πῠλεών (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠλεῶνε (dual nominative)
τοὶ πῠλεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠλεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠλεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠλεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠλεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠλεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠλεῶσῐ (dative plural)
πῠλεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs puleôsi (dative plural)
toîs puleôsin (dative plural)
τὸν πῠλεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠλεῶνε (accusative dual)
τὼς πῠλεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠλεών (singular vocative)
πῠλεῶνε (dual vocative)
πῠλεῶνες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pulu-. Cognates include Sanskrit पुलक (pulaka), Irish ulcha. However, Beekes connects the word with πύλιγξ (púlinx, “curls”) and suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


γελανδρόν

head

γελανδρόν • (gelandrón)

Hesychius gives the definition as ψυχρόν (psukhrón), so: cold, chill, frost


ἔπος

grc-noun

ἔπος • (épos) n (genitive ἔπεος or ἔπους); third declension

épos (romanization)
ἔπεος (genitive)
ἔπους (genitive)
τὸ ἔπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔπει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔπη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔπους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔπει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔπεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs épesi (dative plural)
toîs épesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔπος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔπει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔπη (accusative plural)
ἔπος (singular vocative)
ἔπει (dual vocative)
ἔπη (plural vocative)
ἔπος (nominative singular)
ἔπει (dual nominative)
ἔπεε (dual nominative)
ἔπεᾰ (nominative plural)
ἔπεος (genitive singular)
ἔπευς (genitive singular)
ἐπέοιν (dual genitive)
ἐπέων (genitive plural)
ἔπει (dative singular)
ἔπεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἐπέοιν (dative dual)
ἔπεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔπεσῐν (dative plural)
ἔπεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἔπεσσῐν (dative plural)
ἐπέεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἐπέεσσῐν (dative plural)
épesi (dative plural)
épesin (dative plural)
épessi (dative plural)
épessin (dative plural)
epéessi (dative plural)
epéessin (dative plural)
ἔπος (accusative singular)
ἔπει (accusative dual)
ἔπεε (accusative dual)
ἔπεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔπος (singular vocative)
ἔπει (dual vocative)
ἔπεε (dual vocative)
ἔπεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ἔπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔπει (dual nominative)
ἔπεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔπεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔπεος (genitive singular)
ἔπευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔπει (dative singular)
ἔπεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἔπεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi épesi (dative plural)
toîsi épesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔπος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔπει (accusative dual)
ἔπεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔπεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔπος (singular vocative)
ἔπει (dual vocative)
ἔπεε (dual vocative)
ἔπεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἔπεσῐ(ν), ἔπεσσῐ(ν), ἐπέεσσῐ(ν)

English: epos

Russian: э́пос (épos)

Old Armenian: վէպ (vēp) (possibly)

From earlier ϝέπος (wépos), from Proto-Hellenic *wékʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wékʷos, from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Sanskrit वचस् (vácas) and Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬵- (vacah-).

something spoken: speech, story, song
one's word, promise

something spoken: speech, story, song
word as opposed to deed

something spoken: speech, story, song
subject

something spoken: speech, story, song
a line of poetry

(when discussing etymology or usage) an individual word

something spoken: speech, story, song
an individual word

(the phrase ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, qualifying a hyperbolic statement) so to speak, roughly speaking, almost


σκεπάρνιον

grc-noun

σκεπάρνιον • (skepárnion) n (genitive σκεπαρνίου); second declension

skepárnion (romanization)
σκεπαρνίου (genitive)

Greek: σκεπάρνι (skepárni)

Diminutive of σκέπαρνον (sképarnon) with suffix -ιον (-ion).


τέρεμνον

τέρεμνον • (téremnon) n (genitive τερέμνου); second declension

téremnon (romanization)
τερέμνου (genitive)
τὸ τέρεμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ τερέμνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέρεμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τερέμνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερέμνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερέμνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τερέμνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερέμνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τερέμνοις (dative plural)
τὸ τέρεμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τερέμνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέρεμνᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρεμνον (singular vocative)
τερέμνω (dual vocative)
τέρεμνᾰ (plural vocative)


τετράων

τετράων • (tetráōn) m (genitive τετράωνος); third declension

tetráōn (romanization)
τετράωνος (genitive)
ὁ τετράων (nominative singular)
τὼ τετράωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ τετράωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τετράωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τετραώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τετραώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τετράωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τετραώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τετράωσῐ (dative plural)
τετράωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tetráōsi (dative plural)
toîs tetráōsin (dative plural)
τὸν τετράωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τετράωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τετράωνᾰς (accusative plural)
τετράων (singular vocative)
τετράωνε (dual vocative)
τετράωνες (plural vocative)


τέρθρον

τέρθρον • (térthron) n (genitive τέρθρου); second declension

térthron (romanization)
τέρθρου (genitive)
τὸ τέρθρον (nominative singular)
τὼ τέρθρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέρθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέρθρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τέρθροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τέρθρων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέρθρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τέρθροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέρθροις (dative plural)
τὸ τέρθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ τέρθρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέρθρᾰ (accusative plural)
τέρθρον (singular vocative)
τέρθρω (dual vocative)
τέρθρᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *tértʰron, from Proto-Indo-European *térh₂-dʰro-m, from *terh₂- (“to cross over”).


μεῖδος

head

μεῖδος • (meîdos)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *smey- (“to laugh”), the same root of Proto-Germanic *smīlijaną (“to smile”) and Latin mīrus (“wonderful”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: γέλως (gélōs, “laughter”).


στεῖρα

grc-noun

στεῖρα • (steîra) f (genitive στείρας); first declension

steîra (romanization)
στείρας (genitive)

forepart of a ship's keel, continued into the stem or cutwater


καικίας

καικίᾱς • (kaikíās) m (genitive καικίου); first declension

καικίᾱς (canonical)
kaikíās (romanization)
καικίου (genitive)
ὁ καικίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ καικίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ καικίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ καικίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καικίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καικιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ καικίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καικίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καικίαις (dative plural)
τὸν καικίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ καικίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς καικίᾱς (accusative plural)
καικίᾱ (singular vocative)
καικίᾱ (dual vocative)
καικίαι (plural vocative)

Achilles Tatius claimed that the name came from the river Κάϊκος (Káïkos), as this wind came over that river in its course.


χλεύη

χλεύη • (khleúē) f (genitive χλεύης); first declension

khleúē (romanization)
χλεύης (genitive)
ἡ χλεύη (nominative singular)
τὼ χλεύᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χλεῦαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χλεύης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χλεύαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χλευῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χλεύῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χλεύαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χλεύαις (dative plural)
τὴν χλεύην (accusative singular)
τὼ χλεύᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χλεύᾱς (accusative plural)
χλεύη (singular vocative)
χλεύᾱ (dual vocative)
χλεῦαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew- (“to joke, make fun, enjoy”), the same root of Proto-Slavic *glumiti (“to mock, to joke”) and Proto-Germanic *glaumaz (“jubilation”).


στρουθός

grc-noun

στρουθός • (strouthós) m or f (genitive στρουθοῦ); second declension

strouthós (romanization)
στρουθοῦ (genitive)
ὁ στρουθός (nominative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (dual nominative)
οἱ στρουθοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρουθοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρουθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στρουθῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρουθοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν στρουθόν (accusative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς στρουθούς (accusative plural)
στρουθέ (singular vocative)
στρουθώ (dual vocative)
στρουθοί (plural vocative)

The etymology remains highly uncertain, but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

Passer domesticus
Passer domesticus#Translingual

Platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus#Translingual

flatfish, European flounder (Platichthys flesus, syn. Pleuronectes flesus).


κανθός

κανθός • (kanthós) m (genitive κανθοῦ); second declension

kanthós (romanization)
κανθοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κανθός (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κανθοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κανθόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθούς (accusative plural)
κανθέ (singular vocative)
κανθώ (dual vocative)
κανθοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain, sometimes suggested to be related to Proto-Slavic *kǫtъ (“corner”), Proto-Celtic *cantos (“corner, rim (of a chariot wheel)”) through a Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ndʰ-, but Beekes doesn't find this convincing, as -νθ- is often indicative of Pre-Greek; moreover, Slavic and Celtic presuppose *-t-.
The primary sense is "corner of the eye", recorded in Aristotle; in the 6th century (John Philoponus) also glossed as "eyelids";
the secondary meaning "rim (of a wheel)" only arises in the Roman period (Edict of Diocletian AD 301), influenced by Latin (originally Gaulish) cantus.
The senses "chimney" and "pot, pan" are only known from Hesychius.


νίφα

head

νίφα • (nípha)

Accusative singular of unattested *νίψ (*níps), reflecting Proto-Indo-European *snígʷʰs (“snow”), root noun derived from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”) (whence also Ancient Greek νίφω (níphō)).
Direct cognates include Latin nix and Old Irish snechtae and indirectly also Sanskrit स्नेह (sneha) and Old English snāw and snīwan (English snow and snew).


θήρ

grc-noun

θήρ • (thḗr) m or f (genitive θηρός); third declension

thḗr (romanization)
θηρός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ θήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ θῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ θῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς θηρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ θηρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς θηρσῐ́ (dative plural)
θηρσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs thērsí (dative plural)
taîs thērsín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν θῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς θῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
θήρ (singular vocative)
θῆρε (dual vocative)
θῆρες (plural vocative)

Aeolic Greek: φήρ (phḗr)

desc

→? Svan: თხე̄რე (txēre, “wolf”), თხა̈̄რე (txǟre), თხერე (txere)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-. Cognates include Latin ferus (“wild, savage”) and Old Church Slavonic звѣрь (zvěrĭ, “wild animal”).

cog

a wild beast, beast of prey, especially a lion


κόραξ

grc-noun

κόρᾰξ • (kórax) m (genitive κόρᾰκος); third declension

κόρᾰξ (canonical)
kórax (romanization)
κόρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ κόρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
κόρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kóraxi (dative plural)
toîs kóraxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
κόρᾰξ (singular vocative)
κόρᾰκε (dual vocative)
κόρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: κόρακας (kórakas)

Greek: κοράκι (koráki)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-. Cognates include Latin corvus, cornix. Also see κορώνη (korṓnē, “crow”).


κηρός

κηρός • (kērós) m (genitive κηροῦ); second declension

kērós (romanization)
κηροῦ (genitive)
ὁ κηρός (nominative singular)
τὼ κηρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κηροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κηροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κηρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κηροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κηρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κηρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κηρούς (accusative plural)
κηρέ (singular vocative)
κηρώ (dual vocative)
κηροί (plural vocative)

A foreign loan from a substrate language, cognate with Latin cēra and Albanian qiri, and possibly also with Lithuanian korys, Latvian kāre.


κηρός

head

κηρός • (kērós)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


βορά

grc-noun

βορᾱ́ • (borā́) f (genitive βορᾶς); first declension

βορᾱ́ (canonical)
borā́ (romanization)
βορᾶς (genitive)
ἡ βορᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ βορᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βοραί (nominative plural)
τῆς βορᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βορᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βοραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βοραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βορᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ βορᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βορᾱ́ (singular vocative)
βορᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βοραί (plural vocative)

From βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”) + -η (-ē).

food, meat, properly of carnivorous beasts


πόντος

πόντος • (póntos) m (genitive πόντου); second declension

póntos (romanization)
πόντου (genitive)
ὁ πόντος (nominative singular)
τὼ πόντω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόντοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόντου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόντῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόντοις (dative plural)
τὸν πόντον (accusative singular)
τὼ πόντω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόντους (accusative plural)
πόντε (singular vocative)
πόντω (dual vocative)
πόντοι (plural vocative)
πόντος (nominative singular)
πόντω (dual nominative)
πόντοι (nominative plural)
πόντου (genitive singular)
ποντοῖο (genitive singular)
πόντοιο (genitive singular)
ποντόο (genitive singular)
πόντοο (genitive singular)
πόντοιῐν (dual genitive)
πόντων (genitive plural)
πόντῳ (dative singular)
πόντοιῐν (dative dual)
πόντοισῐ (dative plural)
πόντοισῐν (dative plural)
πόντοις (dative plural)
póntoisi (dative plural)
póntoisin (dative plural)
póntois (dative plural)
πόντον (accusative singular)
πόντω (accusative dual)
πόντους (accusative plural)
πόντε (singular vocative)
πόντω (dual vocative)
πόντοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *póntos, from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s (“path, road”).
Cognates include Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā-, “way”), Old Armenian հուն (hun, “riverbed”), Latin pōns (“bridge”), and Old English findan (English find).
Attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to).

der

αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάᾱν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον
Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει.
autòs gár sphin dôken ánax andrôn Agamémnōn
nêas eüssélmous peráān epì oínopa pónton

For Agamemnon son of Atreus himself had given [the Arcadians]
strong-benched ships for crossing the wine-dark sea,
since they weren't interested in the work of the sea.

Atreḯdēs, epeì oú sphi thalássia érga memḗlei.

Φοίνῑκες δ’ ἄγον ἄνδρες ἐπ’ ἠεροειδέα πόντον,

Phoenician men had brought [the mixing bowl] over the misty sea,

Phoínīkes d’ ágon ándres ep’ ēeroeidéa pónton,

οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
ἀλλ’ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερῡ́κεται εὐρέϊ πόντῳ,
νήσῳ̆ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ,
ou gár pō téthnēken epì khthonì dîos Odusseús,
all’ éti pou zōòs katerū́ketai euréï póntōi,
nḗsōi en amphirútēi,
[Athena disguised as Mentes talking to Telemachus:]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.196–198

For noble Odysseus hasn't died yet on earth,
but is probably still alive and being detained on the wide sea
on a sea-girt isle,

the sea
(often combined with epithets in Homer)


κοίρανος

grc-noun

κοίρᾰνος • (koíranos) m (genitive κοιρᾰ́νου); second declension

κοίρᾰνος (canonical)
koíranos (romanization)
κοιρᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κοίρᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοιρᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κοίρᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοιρᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοιρᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοιρᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοιρᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοιρᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοιρᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κοίρᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοιρᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοιρᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
κοίρᾰνε (singular vocative)
κοιρᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κοίρᾰνοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Direct cognate with Old Norse Herjann, from the same root as Old English here, Middle Irish cuire.


νοῦθος

νοῦθος • (noûthos) m (genitive νούθου); second declension

noûthos (romanization)
νούθου (genitive)
ὁ νοῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ νούθω (dual nominative)
οἱ νοῦθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νούθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νούθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νούθων (genitive plural)
τῷ νούθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νούθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νούθοις (dative plural)
τὸν νοῦθον (accusative singular)
τὼ νούθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νούθους (accusative plural)
νοῦθε (singular vocative)
νούθω (dual vocative)
νοῦθοι (plural vocative)

Usually compared with Latin nūbēs (“cloud”) and with other Indo-European words for cloud. However, together with νυθός (nuthós), may also form a Pre-Greek etymon.


χελιδών

χελῑδών • (khelīdṓn) f (genitive χελῑδόνος); third declension

χελῑδών (canonical)
khelīdṓn (romanization)
χελῑδόνος (genitive)
ἡ χελῑδών (nominative singular)
τὼ χελῑδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ χελῑδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς χελῑδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελῑδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελῑδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ χελῑδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χελῑδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χελῑδόσῐ (dative plural)
χελῑδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khelīdósi (dative plural)
taîs khelīdósin (dative plural)
τὴν χελῑδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χελῑδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χελῑδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
χελῑδοῖ (singular vocative)
χελῑδόνε (dual vocative)
χελῑδόνες (plural vocative)

Latin: chelīdōn

The irregular form and suffix -ιδ (-id) lead Beekes to suggest a Mediterranean Pre-Greek origin, as he doesn't find a connection to Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cry out”) (cognate with Middle High German glien (“to cry”), Old High German gellan (“to cry”)) convincing. Compare also Latin hirundō (“swallow (bird)”), which may be from the same substrate source.


κριός

grc-noun

κρῑός • (krīós) m (genitive κρῑοῦ); second declension

κρῑός (canonical)
krīós (romanization)
κρῑοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρῑός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρῑοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῑοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῑῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῑοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρῑόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρῑούς (accusative plural)
κρῑέ (singular vocative)
κρῑώ (dual vocative)
κρῑοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Traditionally connected with κέρας (kéras, “horn”). The chickpea meaning possibly relates to Latin cicer (“chickpea”), Old Armenian սիսեռն (siseṙn, “chickpea”). Beekes argues for an original meaning of “curved”, comparing Lithuanian kreivas, Old East Slavic кривъ (krivŭ).


ἄτρακτος

grc-noun

ἄτρακτος • (átraktos) m or f (genitive ἀτράκτου); second declension

átraktos (romanization)
ἀτράκτου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄτρακτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀτράκτω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄτρακτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀτράκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀτράκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀτράκτων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀτράκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀτράκτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἀτράκτοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄτρακτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀτράκτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀτράκτους (accusative plural)
ἄτρακτε (singular vocative)
ἀτράκτω (dual vocative)
ἄτρακτοι (plural vocative)

desc

> Greek: άτρακτος (átraktos) (inherited)

→ Translingual: Atractus

Has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ-, with cognates including Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku), Albanian dredh and Latin torqueō. However, there are some problems with these connections, such as expecting a π (p) instead of κ (k) from *kʷ. According to Beekes, it is rather a Pre-Greek word; this may find support in ἄδρακτος (ádraktos) and ἀτρακίς (atrakís), if the variation κ/κτ is old and not due to simplification.


νυός

grc-noun

νῠός • (nuós) f (genitive νῠοῦ); second declension

νῠός (canonical)
nuós (romanization)
νῠοῦ (genitive)
ἡ νῠός (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠώ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠοί (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠοῖς (dative plural)
τὴν νῠόν (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠούς (accusative plural)
νῠέ (singular vocative)
νῠώ (dual vocative)
νῠοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *snusós. Cognate to Sanskrit स्नुषा (snuṣā́), Latin nurus.


βρῶμα

βρῶμᾰ • (brôma) n (genitive βρώμᾰτος); third declension

βρῶμᾰ (canonical)
brôma (romanization)
βρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βρῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
βρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Italian: bruma

→ Sicilian: bromu

→ Maltese: bram

→ Spanish: broma

From the root of βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “I eat”) + -μᾰ (-ma, object noun suffix).

affix

a shipworm (Teredo navalis) that bores into wooden piers, ships, etc.


ἐνέργεια

grc-noun

ἐνέργειᾰ • (enérgeia) f (genitive ἐνεργείᾱς); first declension

ἐνέργειᾰ (canonical)
enérgeia (romanization)
ἐνεργείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐνέργειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐνεργείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐνέργειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐνεργείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐνεργείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐνεργειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐνεργείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐνεργείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐνέργειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐνεργείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐνεργείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐνέργειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐνεργείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐνέργειαι (plural vocative)

Greek: ενέργεια (enérgeia)

desctree

→ Latin: energia
Catalan: energia
French: énergie
→ Azerbaijani: enerji
→ Czech: energie
→ Danish: energi
→ Dutch: energie
→ Indonesian: energi
→ English: energy
→ Cebuano: enerdyi
→ Japanese: エナジー (enajī)
→ Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: energi
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: energi
→ Persian: انرژی (enerži)
→ Romanian: energie
→ Swedish: energi
→ Turkish: enerji
Galician: enerxía
Italian: energia
Occitan: energia
Portuguese: energia
Romanian: energie
Spanish: energía
→ Esperanto: energio
→ Estonian: energia
→ Finnish: energia
→ Hungarian: energia
→ Polish: energia

→ German: Energie
→ Japanese: エネルギー
→ Korean: 에네르기 (enereugi)
→ Russian: эне́ргия (enérgija)
→ Armenian: էներգիա (ēnergia)
→ Bulgarian: ене́ргия (enérgija)
→ Georgian: ენერგია (energia)
→ Ingrian: energia
→ Kazakh: энергия (énergiä)
→ Uyghur: ئېنېرگىيە (ënërgiye)

→ Ukrainian: ене́ргія (enérhija)

From ἐνεργής (energḗs) + -ιᾰ (-ia); for the former component, see ἐνεργός (energós, “at work; active”).

the active principle in Aristotelian ontology (Latin actus)


κέδρος

grc-noun

κέδρος • (kédros) f (genitive κέδρου); second declension

kédros (romanization)
κέδρου (genitive)
ἡ κέδρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέδρω (dual nominative)
αἱ κέδροι (nominative plural)
τῆς κέδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέδρων (genitive plural)
τῇ κέδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέδροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κέδροις (dative plural)
τὴν κέδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέδρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κέδρους (accusative plural)
κέδρε (singular vocative)
κέδρω (dual vocative)
κέδροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κέδρος (kédros)

→ Latin: cedrus (see there for further descendants)

→? Latin: citrus (possibly, via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Perhaps a Mediterranean Pre-Greek borrowing, maybe the same word as Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “resin, tar”) and related to Akkadian 𒌑𒆐𒊏𒀀𒉡 (^(U₂)qat₆-ra-a-nu /qatrānu/, “cedar resin”), particularly considering the region to which the genus Cedrus is native. Compare also قَطَر (qaṭar, “Qatar”) and its root related to the dribbling of resins, secretions, and other aromatic resinous woods like agarwood. Note also Old Armenian ցիրդ (cʻird).

cog

cedar (tree of genus Cedrus or Juniperus)


πραπίς

grc-noun

πρᾰπίς • (prapís) f (genitive πρᾰπίδος); third declension

πρᾰπίς (canonical)
prapís (romanization)
πρᾰπίδος (genitive)
ἡ πρᾰπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾰπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πρᾰπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πρᾰπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾰπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾰπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πρᾰπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾰπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρᾰπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs prapísi (dative plural)
taîs prapísin (dative plural)
τὴν πρᾰπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾰπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρᾰπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πρᾰπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πρᾰπῐ́δες (plural vocative)
πρᾰπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
πρᾰπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
πρᾰπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
πρᾰπῐ́δοιῐν (dual genitive)
πρᾰπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
πρᾰπῐ́δοιῐν (dative dual)
πρᾰπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δεσσῐ (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δεσσῐν (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δεσῐ (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δεσῐν (dative plural)
prapísi (dative plural)
prapísin (dative plural)
prapídessi (dative plural)
prapídessin (dative plural)
prapídesi (dative plural)
prapídesin (dative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
πρᾰπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
πρᾰπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πρᾰπῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πρᾰπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πρᾰπῐ́δες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to σανίς (sanís), ἐλπίς (elpís) and φροντίς (phrontís). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *krep- (“body”), the same root of Latin corpus (“body”), Proto-Germanic *hrefaz (“body; belly”) and Sanskrit कृप् (kṛp, “beauty”).


χελώνη

χελώνη • (khelṓnē) f (genitive χελώνης); first declension

khelṓnē (romanization)
χελώνης (genitive)
ἡ χελώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χελῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς χελώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χελώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χελώναις (dative plural)
τὴν χελώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χελώνᾱς (accusative plural)
χελώνη (singular vocative)
χελώνᾱ (dual vocative)
χελῶναι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: χελώνα f (chelóna, “tortoise, turtle”)

→ Spanish: quelonio

→ Translingual: Chelonia, Chelonia

→ English: chelonian

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰel(H)-ewH- (“tortoise, turtle-like animal”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *žely (“turtle, tortoise”); also related to χέλυς (khélus, “tortoise”).
However, Furnee and Chantraine consider the word a Pre-Greek borrowing based on the variant χέλυμνα (khélumna) (which yielded *χελυϝνα (*kheluwna) > χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē), χελύννα (khelúnna)) displaying μ/ϝ consonantal interchange, as well as the variant χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē) having -ῡ́ν- in its form, which is highly unusual if inherited from Proto-Indo-European.
Beekes favors the Pre-Greek derivation, and additionally separates the Slavic words etymologically, considering the Slavic to derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). There doesn't seem to be a good reason to separate the Slavic terms, however; even if not inherited, there is a possibility that the Greek and Slavic terms were borrowed from the same substrate source, in addition to the *ǵʰelh₃- theory being rejected by linguists such as Schmeja.
Another theory by Mastrelli, based on work by Frisk, derives the word from χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip, jaw”), taking the tortoise as a "sharp-jawed creature".
See also Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “hoof; claw; jawbone”).


κλύδων

grc-noun

κλῠ́δων • (klúdōn) m (genitive κλῠ́δωνος); third declension

κλῠ́δων (canonical)
klúdōn (romanization)
κλῠ́δωνος (genitive)
ὁ κλῠ́δων (nominative singular)
τὼ κλῠ́δωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κλῠ́δωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλῠ́δωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλῠδώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλῠδώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κλῠ́δωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλῠδώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλῠ́δωσῐ (dative plural)
κλῠ́δωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs klúdōsi (dative plural)
toîs klúdōsin (dative plural)
τὸν κλῠ́δωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλῠ́δωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλῠ́δωνᾰς (accusative plural)
κλῠ́δων (singular vocative)
κλῠ́δωνε (dual vocative)
κλῠ́δωνες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *klūd-. Cognates include Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃 (hlūtrs), Welsh clir, and Latin cluō, clovāca.

εἴτ’ ἐς μέγαν θάλαμον Ἀμφιτρίτας / εἴτ’ ἐς τὸν ἀπόξενον ὅρμων / Θρῄκιον κλύδωνα

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 194–196

eít’ es mégan thálamon Amphitrítas / eít’ es tòn apóxenon hórmōn / Thrḗikion klúdōna

wave, billow, and collectively, surf, rough water


κάλλος

κᾰ́λλος • (kállos) n (genitive κᾰ́λλεος or κάλλους); third declension

κᾰ́λλος (canonical)
kállos (romanization)
κᾰ́λλεος (genitive)
κάλλους (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́λλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́λλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́λλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́λλει (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́λλεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́λλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kállesi (dative plural)
toîs kállesin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́λλος (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́λλη (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λλος (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λλει (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λλη (plural vocative)

Greek: κάλλος (kállos)

Mariupol Greek: кало́с (kalós)

From κᾰλός (kalós, “good, beautiful, noble”).


σκέπαρνον

σκέπαρνον • (sképarnon) n (genitive σκεπάρνου); second declension

sképarnon (romanization)
σκεπάρνου (genitive)
τὸ σκέπαρνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεπάρνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκέπαρνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεπάρνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκεπάρνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπάρνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεπάρνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκεπάρνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεπάρνοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκέπαρνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεπάρνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκέπαρνᾰ (accusative plural)
σκέπαρνον (singular vocative)
σκεπάρνω (dual vocative)
σκέπαρνᾰ (plural vocative)

The suffix "-αρνο-" suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

carpenter's axe, adze, for hewing and smoothing the trunks of trees

(medicine) slightly oblique surgical bandage


σμύρις

σμύρῐς • (smúris) f (genitive σμύρῐδος); third declension

σμύρῐς (canonical)
smúris (romanization)
σμύρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ σμῠ́ρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ σμῠ́ρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς σμῠ́ρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῠρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῠρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμῠ́ρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῠρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμῠ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
σμῠ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs smúrisi (dative plural)
taîs smúrisin (dative plural)
τὴν σμῠ́ρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμῠ́ρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
σμῠ́ρῐς (singular vocative)
σμῠ́ρῐδε (dual vocative)
σμῠ́ρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: smyris

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܡܝܪܝܣ (*smiris)

A Semitic borrowing, whence also comes Egyptian jsmr (“emery”), later smr (“emery”). Cognate to Hebrew שָׁמִיר (šāmī́r, “emery, corund”), Aramaic שָׁמִירָא (šāmīrā) / ܫܡܝܪܐ (šāmīrā), Arabic سَامُور (sāmūr, “corundum”), possibly stemming from or at least related to Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒌑 (^(NA₄)U₂ /šammu/, “emery, corund, stone used to cut hard precious gems, entitled the king of the stones for its mastery over all other stones”, literally “herb-stone, stone-medicine”).

cog

Aramaic שָׁמִירָא (šāmīrā)


σπλήν

grc-noun

σπλήν • (splḗn) m (genitive σπληνός); third declension

splḗn (romanization)
σπληνός (genitive)
ὁ σπλήν (nominative singular)
τὼ σπλῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ σπλῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπληνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπληνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπληνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σπληνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπληνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπλησῐ́ (dative plural)
σπλησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs splēsí (dative plural)
toîs splēsín (dative plural)
τὸν σπλῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπλῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπλῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
σπλήν (singular vocative)
σπλῆνε (dual vocative)
σπλῆνες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: σπλήνα (splḗna)

Greek: σπλήνα f (splína)

desctree

→ Latin: splen m
Old French: esplen m, espleen (Anglo-Norman), esplein
→ Middle English: splene, splen
English: spleen (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: splene
Romanian: splină f
Spanish: esplene

From earlier *σπληχ- (*splēkh-), *σπλαχ- (*splakh-), from Proto-Indo-European, but the exact root remains formally difficult to construct. The root could be *splēǵʰ-, *splēh₁ǵʰ-, *spelǵʰ- or *splēngʰ-.
Cognate with Middle Irish selg, Old Prussian blusne, Lithuanian blužnis, Latin lien, Old Armenian փայծաղն (pʻaycałn), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬥 (spər^əzan), and Sanskrit प्लीहन् m (plīhán).


βρέφος

grc-noun

βρέφος • (bréphos) n (genitive βρέφους or βρέφεος); third declension

bréphos (romanization)
βρέφους (genitive)
βρέφεος (genitive)
τὸ βρέφος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρέφει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρέφη (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρέφους (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρεφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρεφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βρέφει (dative singular)
τοῖν βρεφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρέφεσῐ (dative plural)
βρέφεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs bréphesi (dative plural)
toîs bréphesin (dative plural)
τὸ βρέφος (accusative singular)
τὼ βρέφει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρέφη (accusative plural)
βρέφος (singular vocative)
βρέφει (dual vocative)
βρέφη (plural vocative)

Greek: βρέφος n (vréfos)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷrebʰ-. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic жрѣбѧ (žrěbę) ("foal") and Irish bromach ("colt"). Compare also Old Armenian կորիւն (koriwn) ("cub").


κρατήρ

κρᾱτήρ • (krātḗr) m (genitive κρᾱτῆρος); third declension

κρᾱτήρ (canonical)
krātḗr (romanization)
κρᾱτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ κρᾱτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾱτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ κρᾱτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾱτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾱτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾱτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾱτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾱτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾱτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
κρᾱτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs krātêrsi (dative plural)
toîs krātêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν κρᾱτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾱτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρᾱτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
κρᾱτήρ (singular vocative)
κρᾱτῆρε (dual vocative)
κρᾱτῆρες (plural vocative)

Greek: κρατήρας (kratíras)

→ Latin: crātēr, crātēra (see there for further descendants)

From a zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-, whence also κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “I mix”), + -τήρ (-tḗr).

cup-shaped basin
crater, mouth of a volcano


κόλλα

κόλλᾰ • (kólla) f (genitive κόλλης); first declension

κόλλᾰ (canonical)
kólla (romanization)
κόλλης (genitive)
κολλη (dative)
ἡ κόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
κόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
κόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
κόλλαι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *kol-, with cognates including Russian кле́й (kléj), Middle Dutch helen.


σάκος

σᾰ́κος • (sákos) n (genitive σᾰ́κεος or σᾰ́κους); third declension

σᾰ́κος (canonical)
sákos (romanization)
σᾰ́κεος (genitive)
σᾰ́κους (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́κει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰ́κους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰ́κει (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sákesi (dative plural)
toîs sákesin (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́κος (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́κει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κη (accusative plural)
σᾰ́κος (singular vocative)
σᾰ́κει (dual vocative)
σᾰ́κη (plural vocative)
σᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
σᾰ́κει (dual nominative)
σᾰ́κεε (dual nominative)
σᾰ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
σᾰ́κεος (genitive singular)
σᾰ́κευς (genitive singular)
σᾰκέοιν (dual genitive)
σᾰκέων (genitive plural)
σᾰ́κει (dative singular)
σᾰ́κεῐ̈ (dative singular)
σᾰκέοιν (dative dual)
σᾰ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
σάκεσσῐ (dative plural)
σάκεσσῐν (dative plural)
σακέεσσῐ (dative plural)
σακέεσσῐν (dative plural)
sákesi (dative plural)
sákesin (dative plural)
sákessi (dative plural)
sákessin (dative plural)
sakéessi (dative plural)
sakéessin (dative plural)
σᾰ́κος (accusative singular)
σᾰ́κει (accusative dual)
σᾰ́κεε (accusative dual)
σᾰ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́κος (singular vocative)
σᾰ́κει (dual vocative)
σᾰ́κεε (dual vocative)
σᾰ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

σᾰ́κεσῐ(ν), σάκεσσῐ(ν), σακέεσσῐ(ν)

From Proto-Indo-European *twek- (“shield, skin; to cover”). Cognate with Sanskrit त्वच् (tvác, “hide, bag”), Hittite [script needed] (tuekkaš, “body”).
Alternatively, Beekes suggests a Semitic origin, from the same root as σάκκος (sákkos, “sack”).