Ἀμαζών

grc-noun

Ἀμαζών • (Amazṓn) f (genitive Ἀμαζόνος); third declension

Amazṓn (romanization)
Ἀμαζόνος (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓μαζών (nominative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓μαζόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ Ᾰ̓μαζόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς Ᾰ̓μαζόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓μαζόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ᾰ̓μαζόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ Ᾰ̓μαζόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓μαζόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Ᾰ̓μαζόσῐ (dative plural)
Ᾰ̓μαζόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs Amazósi (dative plural)
taîs Amazósin (dative plural)
τὴν Ᾰ̓μαζόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓μαζόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Ᾰ̓μαζόνᾰς (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓μαζών (singular vocative)
Ᾰ̓μαζόνε (dual vocative)
Ᾰ̓μαζόνες (plural vocative)

The Greeks claimed that the word derives from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μαζός (mazós, “breast”), in reference to the belief that Amazons cut off their right breast so that it might not hinder their ability to fire a bow or throw a spear. However, this is almost certainly a folk etymology; in art, Amazons are always shown with two intact breasts. The word is likely of foreign origin, perhaps an Ionian Greek pronunciation of the Old Persian word *hamazan- (“warrior”), as the Amazon women were known warriors. Ionians did not aspirate the first syllable, and the word became Amazon to the Greeks in general. It could also be native Greek, such as from a Proto-Indo-European *n̥-mn̥gʷ-yō (“manless one”), from Proto-Indo-European *mongʷyos (“man”) (compare Proto-Slavic *mǫžь), an explanation deemed unlikely by Hjalmar Frisk. Numerous other etymologies have been proposed, generally tracing the word back to Iranian, Greek or (West/East) Caucasian languages.

der

(chiefly in the plural) Amazons, a mythical nation of female warriors from western Scythia.


ἀκακία

grc-noun

ἀκᾰκίᾱ • (akakíā) f (genitive ἀκᾰκίᾱς); first declension

ἀκᾰκίᾱ (canonical)
akakíā (romanization)
ἀκᾰκίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ ἀκᾰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν ἀκᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς ἀκᾰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀκᾰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ἀκακία (akakía)

desctree

Latin: acacia
Italian: gaggia
Ligurian: gasîa
Piedmontese: gasìa, gaseja
Venetan: gazia
→ Greek: γαζία (gazía)
→ Dutch: acacia
→ English: acacia
→ French: acacia
→ Moore: kasɩya
→ Italian: acacia
→ Portuguese: acácia
→ Romanian: acacia
→ Spanish: acacia

→ Greek: ακακία (akakía) (learned)

First found from the Egyptiots Aretaios and Dioskurides, a borrowing from Coptic ⲕⲁⲕⲉ (kake), ⲕⲉⲕⲉⲓ (kekei, “darkness”) from Egyptian kkw (“darkness”), acknowledging its providing shade in the desert, with a preformative analogical to ἄκανθα (ákantha).


ἀκακία

ἀκᾰκίᾱ (canonical)
akakíā (romanization)
ἀκᾰκίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
ἀκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

From ἄκακος (ákakos, “without malice”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + κακός (kakós, “evil”).


ἀνδρεῖος

grc-noun

ἀνδρεῖος • (andreîos) m (genitive ἀνδρεῖου); second declension

andreîos (romanization)
ἀνδρεῖου (genitive)
ὁ ἀνδρεῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνδρείω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀνδρεῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀνδρείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνδρείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνδρείων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀνδρείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνδρείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀνδρείοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀνδρεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνδρείω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀνδρείους (accusative plural)
ἀνδρεῖε (singular vocative)
ἀνδρείω (dual vocative)
ἀνδρεῖοι (plural vocative)

From ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).


Ἀχαιός

grc-noun

Ἀχαιός • (Akhaiós) m (genitive Ἀχαιοῦ); second declension

Akhaiós (romanization)
Ἀχαιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἀχαιός (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἀχαιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἀχαιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἀχαιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἀχαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἀχαιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Ἀχαιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἀχαιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἀχαιούς (accusative plural)
Ἀχαιέ (singular vocative)
Ἀχαιώ (dual vocative)
Ἀχαιοί (plural vocative)
Ἀχαιός (nominative singular)
Ἀχαιώ (dual nominative)
Ἀχαιοί (nominative plural)
Ἀχαιοῦ (genitive singular)
Ἀχαιοῖο (genitive singular)
Ἀχαιόο (genitive singular)
Ἀχαιοῖῐν (dual genitive)
Ἀχαιῶν (genitive plural)
Ἀχαιῷ (dative singular)
Ἀχαιοῖῐν (dative dual)
Ἀχαιοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Ἀχαιοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Ἀχαιοῖς (dative plural)
Akhaioîsi (dative plural)
Akhaioîsin (dative plural)
Akhaioîs (dative plural)
Ἀχαιόν (accusative singular)
Ἀχαιώ (accusative dual)
Ἀχαιούς (accusative plural)
Ἀχαιέ (singular vocative)
Ἀχαιώ (dual vocative)
Ἀχαιοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Αχαιός (Achaiós)

Latin: Achaeus, Achīvus

From Ἀχαΐα (Akhaḯa, “Achaea”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). It is also attested as in the older forma Ἀχαιϝοί (Akhaiwoí), possibly coming via an intermediate form *Ἀχαϝyοί (*Akhawyoí).


παρατηρητής

grc-noun

πᾰρᾰτηρητής • (paratērētḗs) m (genitive πᾰρᾰτηρητοῦ); first declension

πᾰρᾰτηρητής (canonical)
paratērētḗs (romanization)
πᾰρᾰτηρητοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πᾰρᾰτηρητής (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰτηρητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰρᾰτηρηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰρᾰτηρητοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰτηρηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρᾰτηρητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰρᾰτηρητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰτηρηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰρᾰτηρηταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰρᾰτηρητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰτηρητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰρᾰτηρητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πᾰρᾰτηρητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
πᾰρᾰτηρητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πᾰρᾰτηρηταί (plural vocative)

Greek: παρατηρητής (paratiritís)

From παρατηρέω (paratēréō) + -τής (-tḗs).

af

παρατηρέω (paratēréō) + -τής (-tḗs)

One who watches, scrutinizes: observer, overseer


ψιττακός

grc-noun

ψιττᾰκός • (psittakós) m (genitive ψιττᾰκοῦ); second declension

ψιττᾰκός (canonical)
psittakós (romanization)
ψιττᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ψιττᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ ψιττᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψιττᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψιττᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψιττᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψιττᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψιττᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψιττᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψιττᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ψιττᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψιττᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψιττᾰκούς (accusative plural)
ψιττᾰκέ (singular vocative)
ψιττᾰκώ (dual vocative)
ψιττᾰκοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: psittacus
German: Sittich


εἶδος

εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension

eîdos (romanization)
εἴδους (genitive)
εἴδεος (genitive)
τὸ εἶδος (nominative singular)
τὼ εἴδει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ εἴδη (nominative plural)
τοῦ εἴδους (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ εἴδει (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς εἴδεσῐ (dative plural)
εἴδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs eídesi (dative plural)
toîs eídesin (dative plural)
τὸ εἶδος (accusative singular)
τὼ εἴδει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ εἴδη (accusative plural)
εἶδος (singular vocative)
εἴδει (dual vocative)
εἴδη (plural vocative)
εἶδος (nominative singular)
εἴδει (dual nominative)
εἴδεε (dual nominative)
εἴδεᾰ (nominative plural)
εἴδεος (genitive singular)
εἴδευς (genitive singular)
εἰδέοιν (dual genitive)
εἰδέων (genitive plural)
εἴδει (dative singular)
εἴδεῐ̈ (dative singular)
εἰδέοιν (dative dual)
εἴδεσῐ (dative plural)
εἴδεσῐν (dative plural)
eídesi (dative plural)
eídesin (dative plural)
εἶδος (accusative singular)
εἴδει (accusative dual)
εἴδεε (accusative dual)
εἴδεᾰ (accusative plural)
εἶδος (singular vocative)
εἴδει (dual vocative)
εἴδεε (dual vocative)
εἴδεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ εἶδος (nominative singular)
τὼ εἴδει (dual nominative)
εἴδεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ εἴδεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ εἴδεος (genitive singular)
εἴδευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰδέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰδέων (genitive plural)
τῷ εἴδει (dative singular)
εἴδεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰδέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν εἴδεσῐ (dative plural)
εἴδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi eídesi (dative plural)
toîsi eídesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ εἶδος (accusative singular)
τὼ εἴδει (accusative dual)
εἴδεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ εἴδεᾰ (accusative plural)
εἶδος (singular vocative)
εἴδει (dual vocative)
εἴδεε (dual vocative)
εἴδεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ϝεἶδος (nominative singular)
τὼ ϝεἴδει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ϝεἴδη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ϝεἴδιος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ϝεἰδίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ϝεἰδίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ϝεἴδει (dative singular)
τοῖν ϝεἰδίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ϝεἴδεσῐ (dative plural)
ϝεἴδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs weídesi (dative plural)
toîs weídesin (dative plural)
τὸ ϝεἶδος (accusative singular)
τὼ ϝεἴδει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ϝεἴδη (accusative plural)
ϝεἶδος (singular vocative)
ϝεἴδει (dual vocative)
ϝεἴδη (plural vocative)

→ Greek: είδος (eídos)

English: eidos

From Proto-Hellenic *wéidos, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas), Proto-Slavic *vidъ, English wit; see also εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to appear, seem, resemble”).


σῖγμα

grc-noun

σῖγμᾰ • (sîgma) n (genitive σῑ́γμᾰτος); third declension

σῖγμᾰ (canonical)
sîgma (romanization)
σῑ́γμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῖγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῑ́γμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῑ́γμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῑ́γμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῑ́γμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sī́gmasi (dative plural)
toîs sī́gmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σῖγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῖγμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῑ́γμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: sigma

Greek: σίγμα (sígma)

Borrowing from Phoenician 𐤔 (š /šīn/) doubtful at best. Name agreed to be from σῐ́ζω (sízō, “to hiss”) + -μᾰ (-ma, nominal suffix).

af

sigma, the name for the eighteenth letter Σ, σ of the Ancient Greek alphabet.


βουκόλος

grc-noun

βουκόλος • (boukólos) m (genitive βουκόλου); second declension

boukólos (romanization)
βουκόλου (genitive)
ὁ βουκόλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βουκόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ βουκόλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουκόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουκόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουκόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουκόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουκόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουκόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν βουκόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βουκόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουκόλους (accusative plural)
βουκόλε (singular vocative)
βουκόλω (dual vocative)
βουκόλοι (plural vocative)

English: boukólos rule

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷoukólos, whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀄𐀒𐀫 (qo-u-ko-ro /gʷowkolos/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-kólos, from *gʷṓws (“cow”) + *kʷól-os (“herder”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, to cultivate”). This Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-kólos shows the phonological labial dissimilation known as the eponymous boukólos rule. Compare Proto-Celtic *boukolyos.


δράκων

grc-noun

δρᾰ́κων • (drákōn) m (genitive δρᾰ́κοντος); third declension

δρᾰ́κων (canonical)
drákōn (romanization)
δρᾰ́κοντος (genitive)
ὁ δρᾰ́κων (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ δρᾰ́κοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρᾰ́κοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρᾰ́κοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρᾰ́κουσῐ (dative plural)
δρᾰ́κουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs drákousi (dative plural)
toîs drákousin (dative plural)
τὸν δρᾰ́κοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρᾰ́κοντᾰς (accusative plural)
δρᾰ́κον (singular vocative)
δρᾰ́κοντε (dual vocative)
δρᾰ́κοντες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: δράκος (drákos)

desc

Greek: δράκος (drákos), δράκοντας (drákontas)

Mariupol Greek: дъра́кус (ðrákus)

→ Classical Syriac: ܕܪܩܘܢܐ

→ Armenian: դրակոն (drakon)

→ Belarusian: дракон (drakón)

→ Bulgarian: дракон (drakon)

→ Coptic: ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ (drakōn)

→ Georgian: დრაკონი (draḳoni)

→ Hebrew: דרקון (drakon)

→ Latin: dracō (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: дракон (drakon)

desctree

→ Russian: дракон (drakon), драко́нъ (drakón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: дракон (drakon)

→ Ukrainian: дракон (drakon)

Traditionally related to δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “to see”) with the literal meaning of “one who stares” or, alternatively, “sharp-sighted”.
With stem drakont- for drakon- (influenced by the present participle), as revealed by the feminine δράκαινα (drákaina).


δύναμις

grc-noun

δῠ́νᾰμῐς • (dúnamis) f (genitive δῠνᾰ́μεως); third declension

δῠ́νᾰμῐς (canonical)
dúnamis (romanization)
δῠνᾰ́μεως (genitive)
ἡ δῠ́νᾰμῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ δῠνᾰ́μει (dual nominative)
αἱ δῠνᾰ́μεις (nominative plural)
τῆς δῠνᾰ́μεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῠνᾰμέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῠνᾰ́μεων (genitive plural)
τῇ δῠνᾰ́μει (dative singular)
τοῖν δῠνᾰμέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῠνᾰ́μεσῐ (dative plural)
δῠνᾰ́μεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs dunámesi (dative plural)
taîs dunámesin (dative plural)
τὴν δῠ́νᾰμῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῠνᾰ́μει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῠνᾰ́μεις (accusative plural)
δῠ́νᾰμῐ (singular vocative)
δῠνᾰ́μει (dual vocative)
δῠνᾰ́μεις (plural vocative)

Greek: δύναμη f (dýnami, “power”)

Katharevousa: δύναμις f (dýnamis, “power”)

magic, magically potent substance or object, magic powers


ὤψ

ὤψ • (ṓps) f (genitive ὠπός); third declension

ṓps (romanization)
ὠπός (genitive)
ἡ ὤψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὦπε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὦπες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὠπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὠπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠποῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὠψῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs ōpsí (dative plural)
taîs ōpsín (dative plural)
τὴν ὦπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὦπε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὦπᾰς (accusative plural)
ὤψ (singular vocative)
ὦπε (dual vocative)
ὦπες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-. See also ὄψ (óps).

αἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν

To the eye [or in her face] she looks astonishingly like the immortal goddesses.

(the phrase εἰς ὦπα (eis ôpa), in Homer and Hesiod) to the eye; (possibly) in the face

Σωκράτης ὁ μὲν “μεὶς” ἀπὸ τοῦ μειοῦσθαι εἴη ἂν “μείης” ὀρθῶς κεκλημένος, τὰ δ’ “ἄστρα” ἔοικε τῆς ἀστραπῆς ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν. ἡ δὲ “ἀστραπή”, ὅτι τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει, “ἀναστρωπὴ” ἂν εἴη, νῦν δὲ “ἀστραπὴ” καλλωπισθεῖσα κέκληται.
Sōkrátēs ho mèn “meìs” apò toû meioûsthai eíē àn “meíēs” orthôs keklēménos, tà d’ “ástra” éoike tês astrapês epōnumían ékhein. hē dè “astrapḗ”, hóti tà ôpa anastréphei, “anastrōpḕ” àn eíē, nûn dè “astrapḕ” kallōpistheîsa kéklētai.
1903 translation by John Burnet
The word “month” (μείς) would be properly pronounced μείης, from μειοῦσθαι, “to grow less,” and I think the stars (ἄστερα) get their name from ἀστραπή (lightning). But ἀστραπή, because it turns our eyes upwards (τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει), would be called ἀναστρωπή, which is now pronounced more prettily ἀστραπή.


Αἰθίοψ

Αἰθίοψ • (Aithíops) m (genitive Αἰθίοπος); third declension

Aithíops (romanization)
Αἰθίοπος (genitive)
ὁ Αἰθῐ́οψ (nominative singular)
τὼ Αἰθῐ́οπε (dual nominative)
οἱ Αἰθῐ́οπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Αἰθῐ́οπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Αἰθῐόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Αἰθῐόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ Αἰθῐ́οπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Αἰθῐόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Αἰθῐ́οψῐ (dative plural)
Αἰθῐ́οψῐν (dative plural)
toîs Aithíopsi (dative plural)
toîs Aithíopsin (dative plural)
τὸν Αἰθῐ́οπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Αἰθῐ́οπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Αἰθῐ́οπᾰς (accusative plural)
Αἰθῐ́οψ (singular vocative)
Αἰθῐ́οπε (dual vocative)
Αἰθῐ́οπες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Αιθίοψ (Aithíops), Αιθίοπας (Aithíopas)

→ Latin: Aethiops

→ English: Ethiop

From Proto-Hellenic *aitʰiyokʷs, explained since antiquity as αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “face”), though this is a folk etymology.
Beekes argues that the first assumed root always has senses related to brightness and never to darkness, that the -ί- as well as -ο- instead of -ώ- are unexplained (the explanation actually is something), and that -οπ- (-οψ) is a typical Pre-Greek substrate suffix observed in ethnonyms like Δόλοψ (Dólops) and Δρύοψ (Drúops). The suffix is shaped differently in Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀴𐀍𐀦 (ai-ti-jo-qo).
A connection to this colour however brings closer the native Ethiopian Semitic ዕጣን (ʿəṭan, “incense”) to explain the unsuffixed etymon. Frankincense had the primary characteristic of being white, so also the source of λίβανος (líbanos, “incense”) is a Semitic root related to whiteness. The word might ultimately refer to the incense trade passing from Abyssinia. The folk of Ethiopia was so noted for earning its living by olibanum commerce that the Arabs even derived a term حَبَشَ (ḥabaša, “to earn, to obtain for the household”) from their other ethnonym اَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša).


Λάκων

grc-noun

Λᾰ́κων • (Lákōn) m (genitive Λᾰ́κωνος); third declension

Λᾰ́κων (canonical)
Lákōn (romanization)
Λᾰ́κωνος (genitive)
Lákaina (romanization)
ὁ Λᾰ́κων (nominative singular)
τὼ Λᾰ́κωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ Λᾰ́κωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Λᾰ́κωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Λᾰκώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Λᾰκώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ Λᾰ́κωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Λᾰκώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Λᾰ́κωσῐ (dative plural)
Λᾰ́κωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs Lákōsi (dative plural)
toîs Lákōsin (dative plural)
τὸν Λᾰ́κωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Λᾰ́κωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Λᾰ́κωνᾰς (accusative plural)
Λᾰ́κων (singular vocative)
Λᾰ́κωνε (dual vocative)
Λᾰ́κωνες (plural vocative)

Greek: Λάκωνας (Lákonas), (Katharevousa): Λάκων (Lákon)

Laconian, inhabitant of Lacedaemon, a Lacedaemonian

(adjectival use) of or relating to Laconians


βυσσός

βῠσσός • (bussós) m (genitive βῠσσοῦ); second declension

βῠσσός (canonical)
bussós (romanization)
βῠσσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βῠσσός (nominative singular)
τὼ βῠσσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βῠσσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βῠσσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῠσσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῠσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βῠσσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῠσσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βῠσσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βῠσσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βῠσσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βῠσσούς (accusative plural)
βῠσσέ (singular vocative)
βῠσσώ (dual vocative)
βῠσσοί (plural vocative)


πάνθηρ

πᾰ́νθηρ • (pánthēr) m (genitive πᾰ́νθηρος); third declension

πᾰ́νθηρ (canonical)
pánthēr (romanization)
πᾰ́νθηρος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́νθηρ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́νθηρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́νθηρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰνθήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́νθηρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́νθηρσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́νθηρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pánthērsi (dative plural)
toîs pánthērsin (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́νθηρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́νθηρᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́νθηρ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́νθηρε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́νθηρες (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܦܢܬܘܪ (pntwr /pantōr/), ܦܢܬܝܪ (pntyr /pantīr/), ܦܢܛܝܪ (pnṭyr /panṭīr/)

→ Latin: panther, panthera

→ Old Armenian: պանթեր (pantʻer)

→ Old Church Slavonic: панъѳиръ (panŭθirŭ)

→ Old East Slavic: панъфиръ (panŭfirŭ)

Old Ruthenian: пантеръ (panter), пантиръ (pantir), панфиръ (panfir)

→ Old Georgian: პანფილი (ṗanpili)

Of foreign origin, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Hittite 𒊊𒌉𒀸 (parsnaš, “leopard”). See also πάρδαλις (párdalis). A common folk etymology derives it from πᾰν- (pan-, “all”) + θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) or θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”).


Ἑβραῖος

grc-noun

Ἑβραῖος • (Hebraîos) m (genitive Ἑβραίου); second declension

Hebraîos (romanization)
Ἑβραίου (genitive)
ὁ Ἑβραῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἑβραίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἑβραῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἑβραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἑβραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἑβραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἑβραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἑβραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἑβραίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ἑβραῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἑβραίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἑβραίους (accusative plural)
Ἑβραῖε (singular vocative)
Ἑβραίω (dual vocative)
Ἑβραῖοι (plural vocative)

Dutch: Hebreeër

English: Hebrew

French: Hébreu

German: Hebräer

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 (haibraius)

Greek: Εβραίος (Evraíos)

desc

→ Coptic: ϩⲉⲃⲣⲉⲟⲥ (hebreos), ϩⲉⲃⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ (hebraios)

Italian: ebreo

Japanese: ヘブライ

Korean: 히브리 (hibeuri)

Ladino: Ebreo

Latin: hebraeus

Portuguese: Hebreu

Romanian: evreu

Russian: еврей (jevrej)

Spanish: hebreo

Ukrainian: єврей (jevrej)

→ Old Armenian: եբրայեցի (ebrayecʻi)

Armenian: եբրայեցի (ebrayecʻi)

Borrowed from Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī, “Hebrew”), likely through Aramaic עִבְרַי (ʿiḇray, “Hebrew”).

55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 11:22


βοῦς

grc-noun

βοῦς • (boûs) m or f (genitive βοός); third declension

boûs (romanization)
βοός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ βοῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ βόε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ βόες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς βοός (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βοῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ βοΐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βοοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς βουσί (dative plural)
βουσίν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs bousí (dative plural)
taîs bousín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν βοῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ βόε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς βοῦς (accusative plural)
βοῦ (singular vocative)
βόε (dual vocative)
βόες (plural vocative)
βοῦς (nominative singular)
βόε (dual nominative)
βόες (nominative plural)
βοός (genitive singular)
βοοῖν (dual genitive)
βοῶν (genitive plural)
βοΐ (dative singular)
βοοῖν (dative dual)
βουσί (dative plural)
βουσίν (dative plural)
βόεσσι (dative plural)
βόεσσιν (dative plural)
bousí (dative plural)
bousín (dative plural)
bóessi (dative plural)
bóessin (dative plural)
βοῦν (accusative singular)
βῶν (accusative singular)
βόε (accusative dual)
βόας (accusative plural)
βοῦς (accusative plural)
βοῦ (singular vocative)
βόε (dual vocative)
βόες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βουσί(ν), βόεσσι(ν)

Greek: βόδι (vódi), βόιδι n (vóidi)

Tsakonian: βου (vou)

⇒ Translingual: Bucephala

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷous (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀃 (qo-o)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Cognates include Old English cū (English cow), Irish bó, Latin bōs, and Sanskrit गो (gó).

οἶδ’ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ’ ἐπ’ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν
ἀζαλέην, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν·
oîd’ epì dexiá, oîd’ ep’ aristerà nōmêsai bôn

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.238–239

I know on the right, and I know on the left how to wield my dried
shield, which to me seems sturdy in fighting:

azaléēn, tó moi ésti talaúrinon polemízein;


χαίτη

grc-noun

χαίτη • (khaítē) f (genitive χαίτης); first declension

khaítē (romanization)
χαίτης (genitive)
ἡ χαίτη (nominative singular)
τὼ χαίτᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χαῖται (nominative plural)
τῆς χαίτης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χαίταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χαιτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χαίτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χαίταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χαίταις (dative plural)
τὴν χαίτην (accusative singular)
τὼ χαίτᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χαίτᾱς (accusative plural)
χαίτη (singular vocative)
χαίτᾱ (dual vocative)
χαῖται (plural vocative)

English: chaeta

Greek: χαίτη (chaíti)

Latin: macrochaeta

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂it- (“curly hair”), the same root of Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀 (gaēsa, “curly hair”) and Middle Irish gaiset (“bristly hair”).

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.141

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.567

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 634

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 10.28

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.175

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.15

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 1.14

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 16.105

Tyrt. 1.39.Diehl

Ruf., Onom. 14

loose, flowing hair; used especially of back hair

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.439

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.405

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.509

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 5.5

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.1

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pelopidas 22

408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1121

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 498b.28

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 658a.31

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 822

a mane of a horse or of a lion (also, metaphorically, of Aeschylus); opposed to λοφιά

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 16

310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Del. 81

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 6.16

Anacreont. 17

Anacreont. 18.12

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 17.1.15


στῦλος

grc-noun

στῦλος • (stûlos) m (genitive στῡ́λου); second declension

stûlos (romanization)
στῡ́λου (genitive)
ὁ στῦλος (nominative singular)
τὼ στῡ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ στῦλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στῡ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῡ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῡ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ στῡ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στῡ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στῡ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν στῦλον (accusative singular)
τὼ στῡ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στῡ́λους (accusative plural)
στῦλε (singular vocative)
στῡ́λω (dual vocative)
στῦλοι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: στῦλος (stûlos)

→? Albanian: shtyllë

→? Aromanian: stur

→? Romanian: stur

→ Coptic: ⲥⲧⲟⲩⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥ (stoullous)

→⇒ English: pygostyle (learned)

Perhaps from some extension of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare στῡ́ω (stū́ō, “to make stiff”).
See also Albanian shtyllë and Lithuanian stulpas (“pillar”), the Russian столб (stolb) and the Bulgarian стълб (stǎlb).

der

στῦλος ἐν πρώρρᾳ στρογγύλος εἱστήκει

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.22.4

παστὰς λιθίνη μεγάλη καὶ ἠσκημένη στύλοισι τε φοίνικας τὰ δένδρεα

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.169.5

it is a great colonnade of stone, richly adorned, the pillars made in the form of palm trees

pastàs lithínē megálē kaì ēskēménē stúloisi te phoínikas tà déndrea

καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς στύλοι πυρός


ἀκαλήφη

grc-noun

ἀκᾰλήφη • (akalḗphē) f (genitive ἀκᾰλήφης); first declension

ἀκᾰλήφη (canonical)
akalḗphē (romanization)
ἀκᾰλήφης (genitive)
ἡ ἀκαλήφη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκαλήφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκαλῆφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκαλήφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκαλήφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκαληφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκαλήφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκαλήφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκαλήφαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκαλήφην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκαλήφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκαλήφᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκαλήφη (singular vocative)
ἀκαλήφᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκαλῆφαι (plural vocative)

Unknown. The variation "υ/η" could point to a Pre-Greek word, although there are no clear parallels to it.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica#Translingual


ἀκή

ἀκή • (akḗ) f (genitive ἀκῆς); first declension

akḗ (romanization)
ἀκῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκή (singular vocative)
ἀκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκαί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *akā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


ἀκή

Maybe connected with ἦκα (êka, “quietly”); see ἧσσα (hêssa).


χάλασις

χᾰ́λᾰσις • (khálasis) f (genitive χᾰλᾰ́σεως); third declension

χᾰ́λᾰσις (canonical)
khálasis (romanization)
χᾰλᾰ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ χᾰ́λᾰσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλᾰ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλᾰ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλᾰ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλᾰσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλᾰ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλᾰ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλᾰσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλᾰ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλᾰ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khalásesi (dative plural)
taîs khalásesin (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰ́λᾰσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλᾰ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλᾰ́σεις (accusative plural)
χᾰ́λᾰσῐ (singular vocative)
χᾰλᾰ́σει (dual vocative)
χᾰλᾰ́σεις (plural vocative)


ἁψίς

ἁψῑ́ς • (hapsī́s) f (genitive ἁψῖδος); third declension

ἁψῑ́ς (canonical)
hapsī́s (romanization)
ἁψῖδος (genitive)
ἡ ἁψῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁψῖδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἁψῖδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁψῖδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁψῑ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁψῑ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁψῖδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁψῑ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁψῖσῐ (dative plural)
ἁψῖσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hapsîsi (dative plural)
taîs hapsîsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἁψῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
ἁψῖν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁψῖδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁψῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἁψῑ́ς (singular vocative)
ἁψῖδε (dual vocative)
ἁψῖδες (plural vocative)

→ Greek: αψίδα (apsída) (learned)

Latin: absis, apsis

English: apse

desctree

Old Armenian: ափսէ (apʻsē)
Armenian: ափսե (apʻse)
Abaza: апс (aps)
Adyghe: апс (aps)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اپسد (ipsid), اسپید (ispid)
Turkish: ispit

desc

Russian: абси́да (absída), апси́да (apsída)

From ἅπτω (háptō, “I fasten to”) + -σις (-sis).


ὕλη

grc-noun

ῡ̔́λη • (hū́lē) f (genitive ῡ̔́λης); first declension

ῡ̔́λη (canonical)
hū́lē (romanization)
ῡ̔́λης (genitive)
ἡ ῡ̔́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῡ̔́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὗλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῡ̔́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῡ̔́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῡ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῡ̔́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῡ̔́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῡ̔́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῡ̔́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῡ̔́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῡ̔́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ῡ̔́λη (singular vocative)
ῡ̔́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ὗλαι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: هَيُول (hayūl)

desc

→ Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܗܝܠܐ (/hīlā/)

→ Classical Syriac: ܗܘܠܐ (hūlā), ܗܝܘܠܐ (hiyūlā), ܗܝܠܐ (hīlā)

→ Coptic: ϩⲩⲗⲏ (hulē)

→ English: -yl

→ Greek: ύλη (ýli)

→ Latin: hȳlē

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -yl

→ Old Armenian: հիւղէ (hiwłē)

Armenian: հյուլե (hyule)

→ Middle English: hyle, yle, ylem

English: hyle, ylem

→ Classical Persian: هیولی (hayūlē, “element; matter; stuff; substance”)

Persian: هیولا (hayulâ)

From Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”). Compare to Latin silva, English sill, Latvian sile (“trough”).
Possibly related are the Mycenaean Greek names 𐀄𐀨𐀍 (u-ra-jo, “Hulaios”) and 𐀄𐀩𐀄 (u-re-u, “Hul(l)eus”).


Συβαρίτης

grc-noun

Σῠβᾰρῑ́της • (Subarī́tēs) m (genitive Σῠβᾰρῑ́του); first declension

Σῠβᾰρῑ́της (canonical)
Subarī́tēs (romanization)
Σῠβᾰρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ Σῠβᾰρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ Σῠβᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ Σῠβᾰρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ Σῠβᾰρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν Σῠβᾰρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Σῠβᾰρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Σῠβᾰρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν Σῠβᾰρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Σῠβᾰρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν Σῠβᾰρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ Σῠβᾰρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Σῠβᾰρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
Σῠβᾰρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
Σῠβᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
Σῠβᾰρῖται (plural vocative)

English: Sybarite

Greek: Συβαρίτης (Syvarítis)

Latin: Sybarītēs

From Σῠ́βᾰρῐς (Súbaris, “Sybaris”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


ἄδυτον

grc-noun

ἄδῠτον • (áduton) n (genitive ἀδύτου); second declension

ἄδῠτον (canonical)
áduton (romanization)
ἀδύτου (genitive)
τὸ ἄδῠτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀδῠ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄδῠτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀδῠ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀδῠ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀδῠ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀδῠ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀδῠ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄδῠτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀδῠ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄδῠτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄδῠτον (singular vocative)
ἀδῠ́τω (dual vocative)
ἄδῠτᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter substantive form of ἄδυτος (ádutos, “not to be entered”).


ἀντλία

ἀντλῐ́ᾱ • (antlíā) f (genitive ἀντλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
antlíā (romanization)
ἀντλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀντλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀντλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀντλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀντλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀντλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀντλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀντλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀντλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀντλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀντλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ἄντλος (ántlos, “bilge-water”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


ἀναρχία

grc-noun

ἀναρχίᾱ • (anarkhíā) f (genitive ἀναρχίᾱς); first declension

ἀναρχίᾱ (canonical)
anarkhíā (romanization)
ἀναρχίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀναρχίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀναρχίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀναρχίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀναρχίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀναρχίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀναρχιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀναρχίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀναρχίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀναρχίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀναρχίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀναρχίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀναρχίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀναρχίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀναρχίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀναρχίαι (plural vocative)

Bulgarian: ана́рхия (anárhija)

Catalan: anarquia

English: anarchy

Danish: anarki

Norwegian: anarki

French: anarchie

German: Anarchie

Greek: αναρχία (anarchía)

Italian: anarchia

Latin: anarchia

Polish: anarchia

Portuguese: anarquia

Russian: ана́рхия (anárxija)

Sicilian: anarchìa

Spanish: anarquía

From ἄναρχος (ánarkhos, “without leader”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).


χλαμύς

grc-noun

χλᾰμῠ́ς • (khlamús) f (genitive χλᾰμῠ́δος); third declension

χλᾰμῠ́ς (canonical)
khlamús (romanization)
χλᾰμῠ́δος (genitive)
ἡ χλᾰμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ χλᾰμῠ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ χλᾰμῠ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς χλᾰμῠ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χλᾰμῠ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χλᾰμῠ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ χλᾰμῠ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χλᾰμῠ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χλᾰμῠ́σῐ (dative plural)
χλᾰμῠ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs khlamúsi (dative plural)
taîs khlamúsin (dative plural)
τὴν χλᾰμῠ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χλᾰμῠ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χλᾰμῠ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
χλᾰμῠ́ς (singular vocative)
χλᾰμῠ́δε (dual vocative)
χλᾰμῠ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Greek: χλαμύδα (chlamýda) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: chlamys, ⇒ sagochlamys (< *σᾰγοχλᾰμῠ́ς (*sagokhlamús)) (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: хлами́да m (xlamída)

From Semitic, compare Hebrew גְּלוֹם (glōm, “wrap, mantle, cloak”), Late Babylonian 𒌆𒄖𒇷𒉡 (TUG₂.gu-li-nu /gulīnu, gulēnu, gulānu/, “over-cloak, coat”) likely a West-Semitic loan, Aramaic גְלִימָא (glīmā, “wrap, mantle, cloak”), whence also χλᾰνῐ́ς (khlanís, “upper-garment of wool”), χλαῖνᾰ (khlaîna, “upper-garment, cloak, wrapper”); innovating the δ-stem.

cog

cloak, robe, mantle (especially a military or royal cloak)


μονάς

grc-noun

μονᾰ́ς • (monás) f (genitive μονᾰ́δος); third declension

μονᾰ́ς (canonical)
monás (romanization)
μονᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ μονᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ μονᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς μονᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μονᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μονᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μονᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
μονᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs monási (dative plural)
taîs monásin (dative plural)
τὴν μονᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μονᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μονᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
μονᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
μονᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
μονᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: monas

→ English: monad


ἀλκυών

ἀλκυών • (alkuṓn) f (genitive ἀλκυόνος); third declension

alkuṓn (romanization)
ἀλκυόνος (genitive)
ἡ ἀλκῠών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλκῠόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀλκῠόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀλκῠόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλκῠόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλκῠόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀλκῠόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλκῠόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀλκῠόσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλκῠόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs alkuósi (dative plural)
taîs alkuósin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀλκῠόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλκῠόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀλκῠόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλκῠών (singular vocative)
ἀλκῠόνε (dual vocative)
ἀλκῠόνες (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܠܩܐܘܢ (/ʾlqʾwn/)

→ Latin: alcēdō, halcyōn (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Armenian: աղկիոն (ałkion), աղկիովն (ałkiovn)

→ Old Georgian: ალკჳონი (alḳwioni)

Georgian: ალკუნი (alḳuni)

→ Old East Slavic: алкионъ (alkionŭ)

Unknown, apparently from Pre-Greek. The variant ἁλκυών (halkuṓn) arose by folk etymology as ἅλς (háls, “salt”) + κυέω (kuéō, “to conceive”).

οὕνεκ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῆς / μήτηρ ἀλκυόνος πολυπενθέος οἶτον ἔχουσα / κλαῖεν

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.562–564

because her / mother, having the fate of the much-suffering kingfisher, / wept.

ἀλκυών· εἶδος ὀρνέου

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Α.3101:

ἀλκυών· […] καὶ δαίμων τις ⟨παρὰ Λάκωσι⟩

alkuṓn: […] and a divinity among the Laconians

alkuṓn; […] kaì daímōn tis ⟨parà Lákōsi⟩


οὖρος

grc-noun

οὖρος • (oûros) m (genitive οὔρου); second declension

oûros (romanization)
οὔρου (genitive)
ὁ οὖρος (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (dual nominative)
οἱ οὖροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὔρων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔροις (dative plural)
τὸν οὖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὔρους (accusative plural)
οὖρε (singular vocative)
οὔρω (dual vocative)
οὖροι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”), like ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to awaken”).

der

ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει πλησίστιον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον, Κίρκη εὐπλόκαμος

a fair wind that filled the sail, a goodly comrade, was sent by fair-tressed Circe

íkmenon oûron híei plēsístion, esthlòn hetaîron, Kírkē euplókamos


οὖρος

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to note, sense”) and cognate with ὁράω (horáō, “to look, make sure, provide”). An alternate theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *sorwos (“guardian”), for which see Latin servus (“servant”) for more.

der+

οὐ γὰρ ὄπισθεν οὖρον ἰὼν κατέλειπον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν

I left behind no guardian to watch over my possessions

ou gàr ópisthen oûron iṑn katéleipon epì kteátessin emoîsin


οὖρος

Bos primigenius
Bos primigenius#Translingual


οὖρος

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Ionic form of ὅρος (hóros, “boundary, border”)


οὖρος

grc-noun

οὖρος • (oûros) n (genitive οὔρεος); third declension

oûros (romanization)
οὔρεος (genitive)
οὖρος (nominative singular)
οὔρει (dual nominative)
οὔρεε (dual nominative)
οὔρεᾰ (nominative plural)
οὔρεος (genitive singular)
οὔρευς (genitive singular)
οὐρέοιν (dual genitive)
οὐρέων (genitive plural)
οὔρει (dative singular)
οὔρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
οὐρέοιν (dative dual)
οὔρεσῐ (dative plural)
οὔρεσῐν (dative plural)
oúresi (dative plural)
oúresin (dative plural)
οὖρος (accusative singular)
οὔρει (accusative dual)
οὔρεε (accusative dual)
οὔρεᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖρος (singular vocative)
οὔρει (dual vocative)
οὔρεε (dual vocative)
οὔρεᾰ (plural vocative)

Epic and Lyric form of ὄρος (óros, “mountain”)


βιβλιοθήκη

βῐβλῐοθήκη • (bibliothḗkē) f (genitive βῐβλῐοθήκης); first declension

βῐβλῐοθήκη (canonical)
bibliothḗkē (romanization)
βῐβλῐοθήκης (genitive)
ἡ βῐβλῐοθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ βῐβλῐοθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βῐβλῐοθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βῐβλῐοθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῐβλῐοθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῐβλῐοθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βῐβλῐοθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῐβλῐοθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βῐβλῐοθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν βῐβλῐοθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ βῐβλῐοθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βῐβλῐοθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
βῐβλῐοθήκη (singular vocative)
βῐβλῐοθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
βῐβλῐοθῆκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: βιβλιοθήκη (vivliothíki)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ (bouliathēkē)

→ Georgian: ბიბლიოთეკა (biblioteḳa)

desc

→ Latin: bibliothēca, bibliothēcē, bybliothēca, bybliothēcē (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: вивлио́фика (vivliófika) (obsolete)

From βιβλίον (biblíon, “book”) + -θήκη (-thḗkē, “box, chest”).


ἄρωμα

grc-noun

ἄρωμα • (árōma) n (genitive ἀρώματος); third declension

árōma (romanization)
ἀρώματος (genitive)
τὸ ἄρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs arṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs arṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἄρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: арома́т (aromát)

→ Georgian: არომატი (aromaṭi)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌰 (arōmata)

Greek: άρωμα (ároma)

→ Latin: arōma (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: aromat

Russian: арома́т (aromát)

→ Serbo-Croatian: aróma

Yiddish: אַראָמאַט (aromat)

Uncertain. Possibly from αἴρω (aírō, “I take up, raise, exalt”), according to Strong, in the sense of sending off a scent.


θρίαμβος

θρῐ́ᾰμβος • (thríambos) m (genitive θρῐᾰ́μβου); second declension

θρῐ́ᾰμβος (canonical)
thríambos (romanization)
θρῐᾰ́μβου (genitive)
ὁ θρῐ́ᾰμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ θρῐᾰ́μβω (dual nominative)
οἱ θρῐ́ᾰμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρῐᾰ́μβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρῐᾰ́μβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρῐᾰ́μβων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρῐᾰ́μβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρῐᾰ́μβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρῐᾰ́μβοις (dative plural)
τὸν θρῐ́ᾰμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρῐᾰ́μβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρῐᾰ́μβους (accusative plural)
θρῐ́ᾰμβε (singular vocative)
θρῐᾰ́μβω (dual vocative)
θρῐ́ᾰμβοι (plural vocative)

→ English: thriambus

Etruscan: *𐌈𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌄 (*θriampe)

→ Old Latin: triumpus

desctree

Latin: triumphus
Catalan: triomf
→ Finnish: triumfi
→ Galician: trunfo, triunfo
→ German: Triumph
Italian: trionfo
→ Old French: triomphe
→ English: triumph, oomph
French: triomphe
→? English: trump
→ Middle Dutch:
Dutch: triomf
Piedmontese: trionf/triunf
Portuguese: triunfo
Romanian: triumf, trufă (possibly)
→ Russian: триу́мф (triúmf)
Sicilian: triunfu
Spanish: triunfo

→ Greek: θρίαμβος (thríamvos) (learned)

The origin of the term is uncertain; most likely derived from Pre-Greek, possibly Phrygian or Illyrian. Ancient Greek θρι- (thri-) has also been connected with a term for fig tree (compare θρῖον (thrîon, “fig leaf”)). The suffix -αμβος (-ambos) is probably the same element that also occurs in ἴαμβος (íambos, “a poetic meter”), δῑθύραμβος (dīthúrambos, “hymn to Dionysus”) and might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“to anoint”).


ὄρεξις

grc-noun

ὄρεξῐς • (órexis) f (genitive ὀρέξεως); third declension

ὄρεξῐς (canonical)
órexis (romanization)
ὀρέξεως (genitive)
ἡ ὄρεξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρέξει (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀρέξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρέξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρεξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρέξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρέξει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρεξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρέξεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀρέξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs oréxesi (dative plural)
taîs oréxesin (dative plural)
τὴν ὄρεξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρέξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρέξεις (accusative plural)
ὄρεξῐ (singular vocative)
ὀρέξει (dual vocative)
ὀρέξεις (plural vocative)

Greek: όρεξη (órexi)

desc

Pontic Greek: όρεξη (órexi), όροξη (óroxi), ἐρεξη (ἐrexi), ἐριξη (ἐrixi), ἐροξη (ἐroxi)

→ Laz: ორექსი (oreksi)

From ὀρέγω (orégō, “I stretch”) + -σῐς (-sis).


βιβλίον

grc-noun

βῐβλῐ́ον • (biblíon) n (genitive βῐβλῐ́ου); second declension

βῐβλῐ́ον (canonical)
biblíon (romanization)
βῐβλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βῐβλῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ βῐβλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βῐβλῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βῐβλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῐβλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῐβλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βῐβλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῐβλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βῐβλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βῐβλῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ βῐβλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βῐβλῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
βῐβλῐ́ον (singular vocative)
βῐβλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βῐβλῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: βιβλίο (vivlío)

Mariupol Greek: вивли́о (vivlío)

→ English: biblio-

→ Latin: Biblia, biblia (via plural)

Attic corruption, possibly by assimilation, of Ancient Greek βυβλίον (bublíon).


ἵππου

head

ῐ̔́ππου • (híppou)

ῐ̔́ππου (canonical)
híppou (romanization)


ἱστορία

grc-noun

ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
historíā (romanization)
ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̔στορῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔στορῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔στορῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔στορῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̔στορῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ῐ̔στορῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ιστορία (istoría)

Pontic Greek: ιστορίαν (istorían)

Borrowings

desc

→ Arabic: أُسْطُورَة (ʔusṭūra)

→ Arabic: أُسْطُورَة (ʔusṭūra) (phono-semantic matching)

→ Belarusian: гісто́рыя (históryja)

→ Bulgarian: исто́рия (istórija)

→ Chuvash: истори (istori)

→ Gagauz: istoriya

→ Georgian: ისტორია (isṭoria)

→ Hebrew: היסטוריה (história)

→ Latin: historia (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: исто́рија (istórija)

→ Ossetian: истори (istori)

→ Russian: исто́рия (istórija)

→ Yakut: история (istoriya)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: істо́рія (istórija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: hìstōrija

→ Ukrainian: істо́рія (istórija)

From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “to inquire”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”).

af

inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science

body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry

written account of such inquiries, narrative, history


ὀδόντος

head

ὀδόντος • (odóntos)


ὑπερβολή

grc-noun

ὑπερβολή • (huperbolḗ) f (genitive ὑπερβολῆς); first declension

huperbolḗ (romanization)
ὑπερβολῆς (genitive)
ἡ ὑπερβολή (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπερβολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑπερβολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑπερβολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπερβολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπερβολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑπερβολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπερβολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ὑπερβολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπερβολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑπερβολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ὑπερβολή (singular vocative)
ὑπερβολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ὑπερβολαί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: υπερβολή (ypervolí) (learned)

→ Latin: hyperbolē, hyperbola (see there for further descendants)

From ὑπερβάλλω (huperbállō, “to go beyond, exceed”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix), from ὑπερ- (huper-) + βάλλω (bállō).


ἕλιξ

grc-noun

ἕλῐξ • (hélix) f (genitive ἕλῐκος); third declension

ἕλῐξ (canonical)
hélix (romanization)
ἕλῐκος (genitive)
ἡ ἕλῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἕλῐκε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἕλῐκες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἕλῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑλῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἕλῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑλῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἕλῐξῐ (dative plural)
ἕλῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs hélixi (dative plural)
taîs hélixin (dative plural)
τὴν ἕλῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἕλῐκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἕλῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἕλῐξ (singular vocative)
ἕλῐκε (dual vocative)
ἕλῐκες (plural vocative)
ἕλῐξ (nominative singular)
ἕλῐκε (dual nominative)
ἕλῐκες (nominative plural)
ἕλῐκος (genitive singular)
ἑλῐ́κοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἑλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
ἕλῐκῐ (dative singular)
ἑλῐ́κοιῐν (dative dual)
ἕλῐξῐ (dative plural)
ἕλῐξῐν (dative plural)
ἑλῐ́κεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἑλῐ́κεσσῐν (dative plural)
ἑλῐ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
ἑλῐ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
hélixi (dative plural)
hélixin (dative plural)
helíkessi (dative plural)
helíkessin (dative plural)
helíkesi (dative plural)
helíkesin (dative plural)
ἕλῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
ἕλῐκε (accusative dual)
ἕλῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἕλῐξ (singular vocative)
ἕλῐκε (dual vocative)
ἕλῐκες (plural vocative)

Greek: έλικα (élika), → Greek: έλικας (élikas)

desctree

→ Latin: helix
→ Catalan: hèlix
→ Dutch: helix
→ English: helix
→ French: hélice
→ Galician: hélice
→ Italian: elica
→ Polish: helisa
→ Portuguese: hélice
→ Romanian: elice
→ Spanish: hélice

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn”).


γόμφος

grc-noun

γόμφος • (gómphos) m (genitive γόμφου); second declension

gómphos (romanization)
γόμφου (genitive)
ὁ γόμφος (nominative singular)
τὼ γόμφω (dual nominative)
οἱ γόμφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γόμφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γόμφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γόμφων (genitive plural)
τῷ γόμφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γόμφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γόμφοις (dative plural)
τὸν γόμφον (accusative singular)
τὼ γόμφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γόμφους (accusative plural)
γόμφε (singular vocative)
γόμφω (dual vocative)
γόμφοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γόμφος (gómfos)

→ Latin: gomphus

From Proto-Hellenic *gómpʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.
Cognates include Ancient Macedonian κόμβος (kómbos), Sanskrit जम्भ (jámbha, “tooth”), Latin gemma, Old Armenian ծամեմ (camem), Old English camb (English comb), and Albanian dhëmb.


καμηλοπάρδαλις

κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς • (kamēlopárdalis) f (genitive κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως); third declension

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς (canonical)
kamēlopárdalis (romanization)
κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως (genitive)
ἡ καμηλοπάρδαλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ καμηλοπαρδάλει (dual nominative)
αἱ καμηλοπαρδάλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς καμηλοπαρδάλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν καμηλοπαρδαλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καμηλοπαρδάλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ καμηλοπαρδάλει (dative singular)
τοῖν καμηλοπαρδαλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς καμηλοπαρδάλεσῐ (dative plural)
καμηλοπαρδάλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kamēlopardálesi (dative plural)
taîs kamēlopardálesin (dative plural)
τὴν καμηλοπάρδαλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ καμηλοπαρδάλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς καμηλοπαρδάλεις (accusative plural)
καμηλοπάρδαλῐ (singular vocative)
καμηλοπαρδάλει (dual vocative)
καμηλοπαρδάλεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

καμηλοπάρδαλῐς

desc

καμηλοπάρδαλη

Greek: καμηλοπάρδαλη (kamilopárdali)

desctree

→ Latin: camēlopardalis
Italian: camelopardo
French: chameaupard
→ Dutch: kameelpaard
→ Afrikaans: kameelperd
→ English: camelopard
→ Swedish: kamelopard

desc

→ Old Georgian: აქლემ-ვეფხი (aklem-vepxi) (partial calque)

From κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”) + πάρδαλις (párdalis, “leopard”); from the fact that a giraffe has a long neck like a camel and is spotted like a leopard.


θήκη

grc-noun

θήκη • (thḗkē) f (genitive θήκης); first declension

thḗkē (romanization)
θήκης (genitive)
ἡ θήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ θήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν θήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν θήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν θήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ θήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θήκᾱς (accusative plural)
θήκη (singular vocative)
θήκᾱ (dual vocative)
θῆκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: θήκη f (thíki, “case, sheath”)

→ Hebrew: תִּיק (tík, tīq)

→ Latin: thēca (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: teka


πάρδαλις

πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς • (párdalis) f (genitive πᾰρδᾰ́λεως); third declension

πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς (canonical)
párdalis (romanization)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεως (genitive)
ἡ πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρδᾰ́λεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρδᾰλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρδᾰ́λεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρδᾰλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρδᾰ́λεσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pardálesi (dative plural)
taîs pardálesin (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐ (singular vocative)
πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dual vocative)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲣⲇⲁⲗⲓⲥ (pardalis)

→ Hebrew: ברדלס

→ Latin: pardalis

⇒ Greek: παρδαλός (pardalós)

Borrowed from a foreign eastern language. Compare various Indo-Iranian terms like Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Bactrian πορλαγγο-ζινο (porlaggo-zino), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛ́dāku). See also πάνθηρ (pánthēr).

cog

πορλαγγοζινο

πορλαγγο-ζινο


Κένταυρος

grc-noun

Κένταυρος • (Kéntauros) m (genitive Κενταύρου); second declension

Kéntauros (romanization)
Κενταύρου (genitive)

Perhaps from κεντέω (kentéō, “I goad, wound”) + ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”) either from bull-fighting or from herding. Often linked to the Indo-Iranian etymon of which Sanskrit गन्धर्व (gandharva) is a reflex, in which case substrate borrowing and/or substantial remodeling is indicated.

af

Centaur, a member of a savage race dwelling between Mt. Pelion and Mt. Ossa on the Northeastern coast of Thessaly.


ἀποστασία

grc-noun

ἀποστασίᾱ • (apostasíā) f (genitive ἀποστασίᾱς); first declension

ἀποστασίᾱ (canonical)
apostasíā (romanization)
ἀποστασίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀποστασῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποστασῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀποστασῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀποστασῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποστασῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποστασῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀποστασῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποστασῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀποστασῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀποστασῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποστασῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀποστασῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀποστασῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀποστασῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀποστασῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi, “I withdraw, revolt”).


κολοσσός

κολοσσός • (kolossós) m (genitive κολοσσοῦ); second declension

kolossós (romanization)
κολοσσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κολοσσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κολοσσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κολοσσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κολοσσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολοσσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολοσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κολοσσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολοσσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κολοσσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κολοσσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κολοσσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κολοσσούς (accusative plural)
κολοσσέ (singular vocative)
κολοσσώ (dual vocative)
κολοσσοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: colossus (see there for further descendants)

Polish: kolos

Russian: коло́сс (kolóss)

Unknown, possibly Pre-Greek (perhaps Minoan).


κένταυρος

κένταυρος • (kéntauros) m (genitive κενταύρου); second declension

kéntauros (romanization)
κενταύρου (genitive)
ὁ κένταυρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κενταύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κένταυροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κενταύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κενταύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κενταύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κενταύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κενταύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κενταύροις (dative plural)
τὸν κένταυρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κενταύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κενταύρους (accusative plural)
κένταυρε (singular vocative)
κενταύρω (dual vocative)
κένταυροι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: قَنْطُور (qanṭūr)

Greek: κένταυρος (kéntavros)

→ Latin: centaurus

Old East Slavic: китоврасъ (kitovrasŭ)

Russian: китовра́с (kitovrás)

desc

Russian: кента́вр (kentávr), цента́вр (centávr)

From Κένταυρος (Kéntauros, “a savage Thessalian race”).

centaur; Alternative form of Κένταυρος (Kéntauros)


ἄγνοια

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f (genitive ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ (canonical)
ágnoia (romanization)
ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γνοίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́γνοιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γνοίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γνοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓γνοίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γνοίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓γνοίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γνοίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γνοίᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γνοιαι (plural vocative)

άγνοια f (ágnoia, “ignorance”)

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “know”) + -ιᾱ (-iā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness


κροκόδειλος

grc-noun

κροκόδειλος • (krokódeilos) m (genitive κροκοδείλου); second declension

krokódeilos (romanization)
κροκοδείλου (genitive)
ὁ κροκόδειλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κροκοδείλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κροκόδειλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κροκοδείλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κροκοδείλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κροκοδείλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κροκοδείλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κροκοδείλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κροκοδείλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κροκόδειλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κροκοδείλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κροκοδείλους (accusative plural)
κροκόδειλε (singular vocative)
κροκοδείλω (dual vocative)
κροκόδειλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos)

→ Latin: crocodīlus (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܪܕܝܠܘܣ (qōrdīlōs)

→ Old Armenian: կոկորդիղոս (kokordiłos)

desctree

→ Old East Slavic: коркодилъ (korkodilŭ), коркоділъ (korkodilŭ), каркодилъ (karkodilŭ), коркодиⷧ҇ (korkodil)
Old Ruthenian: коркоди́лъ (korkodíl), коркоде́лъ (korkodél)
Middle Russian: коркоди́лъ (korkodíl), коркодѣ́лъ (korkodě́l)
Russian: коркоди́л (korkodíl) (dialectal)

desc

→ Old Georgian: კორკოდილო (ḳorḳodilo), კორკოდინოს (ḳorḳodinos)

Ionic word for "lizard" (common being σαύρα (saúra)), perhaps from κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”) + δρῖλος (drîlos, “worm”), because crocodiles like resting on flat stones. Typologically compare Sanskrit कृकलास (kṛkalāsa, “lizard, chameleon”), said to be composed of the words for "pebble" and "sit".


λαός

grc-noun

λᾱός • (lāós) m (genitive λᾱοῦ); second declension

λᾱός (canonical)
lāós (romanization)
λᾱοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λᾱός (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾱώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾱοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾱοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾱοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾱῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾱῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾱοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾱοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λᾱόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾱώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾱούς (accusative plural)
λᾱέ (singular vocative)
λᾱώ (dual vocative)
λᾱοί (plural vocative)
ὁ λᾱός (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾱώ (dual nominative)
τοὶ λᾱοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾱοῖο (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾱοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾱῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾱῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾱοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾱοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λᾱόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾱώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾱούς (accusative plural)
λᾱέ (singular vocative)
λᾱώ (dual vocative)
λᾱοί (plural vocative)
ὁ λᾱϝός (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾱϝώ (dual nominative)
τοὶ λᾱϝοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾱϝῶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾱϝοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾱϝῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾱϝῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾱϝοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾱϝοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λᾱϝόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾱϝώ (accusative dual)
τὼς λᾱϝώς (accusative plural)
λᾱϝέ (singular vocative)
λᾱϝώ (dual vocative)
λᾱϝοί (plural vocative)
λᾱός (nominative singular)
λᾱώ (dual nominative)
λᾱοί (nominative plural)
λᾱοῦ (genitive singular)
λᾱοῖο (genitive singular)
λᾱόο (genitive singular)
λᾱοῖῐν (dual genitive)
λᾱῶν (genitive plural)
λᾱῷ (dative singular)
λᾱοῖῐν (dative dual)
λᾱοῖσῐ (dative plural)
λᾱοῖσῐν (dative plural)
λᾱοῖς (dative plural)
lāoîsi (dative plural)
lāoîsin (dative plural)
lāoîs (dative plural)
λᾱόν (accusative singular)
λᾱώ (accusative dual)
λᾱούς (accusative plural)
λᾱέ (singular vocative)
λᾱώ (dual vocative)
λᾱοί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (laos)

Greek: λαός (laós)

From Proto-Hellenic *lāwós, with further origin uncertain:
* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂wos (“people (under arms)”), from *leh₂w- (“military action”); in this case, cognate with Phrygian λαϝαγταει (lawagtaei, “military leader”), Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (laḫḫa-, “campaign”), and Old Irish láech (“warrior”).
* Beekes and Furnee take the word as Pre-Greek, as the related proper noun Λήϊτος (Lḗïtos) is difficult to explain in Indo-European terms.
** According to Martin Bernal 2006, further substantiating a theory of Samuel Bochart in the 17th century, the specific borrowing is Semitic, exactly matching Hebrew לְאֹום (ləʔōm, “people”), with copious relations in Akkadian līm (“many”), the Arabic root ل ء م (l-ʔ-m), etc.

cog

people, people assembled, the people of a country

common people (as opposed to leaders or priests); the subjects of a prince


γαμβρός

grc-noun

γαμβρός • (gambrós) m (genitive γαμβροῦ); second declension

gambrós (romanization)
γαμβροῦ (genitive)
ὁ γαμβρός (nominative singular)
τὼ γαμβρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γαμβροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γαμβροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαμβροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαμβρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γαμβρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαμβροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γαμβροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γαμβρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαμβρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γαμβρούς (accusative plural)
γαμβρέ (singular vocative)
γαμβρώ (dual vocative)
γαμβροί (plural vocative)
γαμβρός (nominative singular)
γαμβρώ (dual nominative)
γαμβροί (nominative plural)
γαμβροῦ (genitive singular)
γαμβροῖο (genitive singular)
γαμβρόο (genitive singular)
γαμβροῖῐν (dual genitive)
γαμβρῶν (genitive plural)
γαμβρῷ (dative singular)
γαμβροῖῐν (dative dual)
γαμβροῖσῐ (dative plural)
γαμβροῖσῐν (dative plural)
γαμβροῖς (dative plural)
gambroîsi (dative plural)
gambroîsin (dative plural)
gambroîs (dative plural)
γαμβρόν (accusative singular)
γαμβρώ (accusative dual)
γαμβρούς (accusative plural)
γαμβρέ (singular vocative)
γαμβρώ (dual vocative)
γαμβροί (plural vocative)

Greek: γαμπρός (gamprós)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”). Cognate with Sanskrit जामातृ (jā́mātṛ), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zāmātar).


φύλακας

head

φῠ́λᾰκᾰς • (phúlakas) m

φῠ́λᾰκᾰς (canonical)
phúlakas (romanization)


ἄκρα

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́κρᾱ • (ákrā) f (genitive ᾰ̓́κρᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (canonical)
ákrā (romanization)
ᾰ̓́κρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́κραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́κρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́κραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓κρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́κρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́κραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́κραις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́κρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́κρᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́κρᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́κραι (plural vocative)

Greek: άκρη (ákri)

Mariupol Greek: а́кра (ákra)

→ Abkhaz: акра (akʼra)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܐܩܪܐ (/ʾaqrā/)

desc

עַקְרָא / חַקְרָא / אַקְרָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַקְרָא / חַקְרָא / אַקְרָא (ʾaqrā, ḥaqrā, ʿaqrā)

Mandaic: ࡀࡒࡓࡀ (/ʾaqrā/)

→ Arabic: عَقْر (ʕaqr)

→ Laz: აკრა (aǩra)

→ Medieval Latin: acra

Feminine form of ᾰ̓́κρος (ákros, “outermost”).


θέρεος

head

θέρεος • (théreos)


θέρους

θέρους • (thérous)


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
númphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
númphain (dual genitive)
númphaiin (dual genitive)
númphēiin (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
númphain (dative dual)
númphaiin (dative dual)
númphēiin (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
númphēisi (dative plural)
númphēisin (dative plural)
númphēis (dative plural)
númphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

[…]: καί ῥα ἄνακτος ἐναντίον εἵλετο τόξον Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος καλλισφύρου εἵνεκα νύμφης, […]
[…]: kaí rha ánaktos enantíon heíleto tóxon Phoíbou Apóllōnos kallisphúrou heíneka númphēs,[…]

young, nubile woman; marriageable maiden

Καὶ νύμφη αὐτοῦ γυνὴ Φινεὲς συνειληφυῖα τοῦ τεκεῖν· […]
Kaì númphē autoû gunḕ Phineès suneilēphuîa toû tekeîn;[…]

Καὶ εἶπε Νωεμὶν, ταῖς δυσὶ νύμφαις αὐτῆς […]
Kaì eîpe Nōemìn, taîs dusì númphais autês[…]

bride, young wife
(Epigraphic Ancient Greek) young girl

[…], νύμφας δ᾽ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπο λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, […]

[…]: τῇ δέ θ᾽ ἅμα νύμφαι, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, ἀγρονόμοι παίζουσι, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα Λητώ: […]

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water

[…], ἥ τε μήτηρ τοῦ Καίσαρος Αὐρηλία γυνὴ σώφρων περιέπουσα τὴν νύμφην ἀεὶ χαλεπὴν καὶ παρακεκινδυνευμένην αὐτοῖς ἐποίει τὴν ἔντευξιν.
[…], hḗ te mḗtēr toû Kaísaros Aurēlía gunḕ sṓphrōn periépousa tḕn númphēn aeì khalepḕn kaì parakekinduneuménēn autoîs epoíei tḕn énteuxin.

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Julius Caesar 332d

[…]· ὅταν δ' ἐκ τῶν σκωλήκων εἰς τὴν διατύπωσιν ἔλθωσι, καλοῦνται μὲν νύμφαι τότε, […]
[…]; hótan d' ek tôn skōlḗkōn eis tḕn diatúpōsin élthōsi, kaloûntai mèn númphai tóte,[…]

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.19

5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον

(anatomy) hollow between the lower lip and the chin

(zootomy) depression on the shoulder of a horse

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Of the Uses of the Different Parts of the Human Body 15.3

(anatomy) clitoris, also the labia minora


κάρυον

grc-noun

κᾰ́ρῠον • (káruon) n (genitive κᾰρῠ́ου); second declension

κᾰ́ρῠον (canonical)
káruon (romanization)
κᾰρῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰρῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰρῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρῠον (singular vocative)
κᾰρῠ́ω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)

Latin: caryon

Translingual: Carya

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally compared with Latin carīna (“ship's keel; shell of a nut”) and Sanskrit करक (karaka, “water jar; coconut (shell)”). The Latin term is likely cognate, though whether via borrowing from Greek, a common third source, or via inheritance (traditionally taken as Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), whose existence has been doubted, including by Beekes) is uncertain, while the Sanskrit term is more dubious, particularly as the "coconut shell" meaning is listed as lexicographic, indicating that it may not have been the primary meaning.
Based on the Hesychian variant ἄρυα (árua, “Heraclitean nut”) displaying a κ-/∅ interchange in the initial, Beekes takes the word as Pre-Greek.
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”). Cognates include English harns, Old Norse hjarni, Latin cerebrum (all three meaning 'brain') and Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar) and Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras) (all three meaning 'head'). See as well κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) and κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “face”).


σύγχυσις

grc-noun

σῠ́γχῠσῐς • (súnkhusis) f (genitive σῠγχῠ́σεως); third declension

σῠ́γχῠσῐς (canonical)
súnkhusis (romanization)
σῠγχῠ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ σῠ́γχῠσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠγχῠ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠγχῠ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠγχῠ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠγχῠσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠγχῠ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠγχῠ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠγχῠσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠγχῠ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
σῠγχῠ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sunkhúsesi (dative plural)
taîs sunkhúsesin (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́γχῠσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠγχῠ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠγχῠ́σεις (accusative plural)
σῠ́γχῠσῐ (singular vocative)
σῠγχῠ́σει (dual vocative)
σῠγχῠ́σεις (plural vocative)

From σῠν- (sun-, “together”) + χῠ́σῐς (khúsis, “pouring”), or from σῠγχέω (sunkhéō, “to pour together, confound, trouble”) + -σῐς (-sis).


νύμφης

head

νῠ́μφης • (númphēs)

νῠ́μφης (canonical)
númphēs (romanization)


θύρα

grc-noun

θῠ́ρᾱ • (thúrā) f (genitive θῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

θῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
thúrā (romanization)
θῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς θῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν θῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
θῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
θῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
θῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

desc

Cappadocian Greek: θίρ (thír), τίρ (tír)

Greek: θύρα (thýra)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰurā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).
Cognates include Sanskrit द्वार् (dvār), Latin foris, Old Armenian դուռն (duṙn) and Old English duru and dor (English door) and Russian дверь (dverʹ).


ἀθεότης

grc-noun

ἀθεότης • (atheótēs) f (genitive ἀθεότητος); third declension

atheótēs (romanization)
ἀθεότητος (genitive)
ἡ ἀθεότης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθεότητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀθεότητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀθεότητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθεοτήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθεοτήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀθεότητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθεοτήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀθεότησῐ (dative plural)
ἀθεότησῐν (dative plural)
taîs atheótēsi (dative plural)
taîs atheótēsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀθεότητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθεότητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀθεότητᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀθεότης (singular vocative)
ἀθεότητε (dual vocative)
ἀθεότητες (plural vocative)


Γότθος

Γότθος • (Gótthos) m (genitive Γότθου); second declension

Gótthos (romanization)
Γότθου (genitive)
ὁ Γότθος (nominative singular)
τὼ Γότθω (dual nominative)
οἱ Γότθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Γότθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Γότθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Γότθων (genitive plural)
τῷ Γότθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Γότθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Γότθοις (dative plural)
τὸν Γότθον (accusative singular)
τὼ Γότθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Γότθους (accusative plural)
Γότθε (singular vocative)
Γότθω (dual vocative)
Γότθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Γότθος (Gótthos)

Latin: gothus

Borrowed from Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta), attested in 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (gutþiuda).


Θρᾷξ

Θρᾷξ • (Thrâix) m (genitive Θρᾳκός); third declension

Thrâix (romanization)
Θρᾳκός (genitive)
ὁ Θρᾷξ (nominative singular)
τὼ Θρᾷκε (dual nominative)
οἱ Θρᾷκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Θρᾳκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν Θρᾳκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Θρᾳκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Θρᾳκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν Θρᾳκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Θρᾳξῐ́ (dative plural)
Θρᾳξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs Thrāixí (dative plural)
toîs Thrāixín (dative plural)
τὸν Θρᾷκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Θρᾷκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Θρᾷκᾰς (accusative plural)
Θρᾷξ (singular vocative)
Θρᾷκε (dual vocative)
Θρᾷκες (plural vocative)

Greek: Θραξ (Thrax), Θράκας (Thrákas)

Latin: Thrāx, thraex

From the base of θράσσω (thrássō, “to trouble, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥h₂-gʰ-yé-.


Κίλιξ

Κῐ́λῐξ • (Kílix) m (genitive Κῐ́λῐκος); third declension

Κῐ́λῐξ (canonical)
Kílix (romanization)
Κῐ́λῐκος (genitive)
ὁ Κῐ́λῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ Κῐ́λῐκε (dual nominative)
οἱ Κῐ́λῐκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Κῐ́λῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Κῐλῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Κῐλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ Κῐ́λῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Κῐλῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Κῐ́λῐξῐ (dative plural)
Κῐ́λῐξῐν (dative plural)
toîs Kílixi (dative plural)
toîs Kílixin (dative plural)
τὸν Κῐ́λῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Κῐ́λῐκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Κῐ́λῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
Κῐ́λῐξ (singular vocative)
Κῐ́λῐκε (dual vocative)
Κῐ́λῐκες (plural vocative)

Greek: Κίλικας (Kílikas), Κίλιξ (Kílix) (Katharevousa); plural Κίλικες (Kílikes)


χορός

χορός • (khorós) m (genitive χοροῦ); second declension

khorós (romanization)
χοροῦ (genitive)
ὁ χορός (nominative singular)
τὼ χορώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χοροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χοροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χοροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χορῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χοροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χοροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χορόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χορώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χορούς (accusative plural)
χορέ (singular vocative)
χορώ (dual vocative)
χοροί (plural vocative)

Greek: χορός m (chorós)

→ Latin: chorus m (see there for further descendants)

→ Georgian: ხორუმი (xorumi)

→ Russian: хор m (xor)

→ Hebrew: הוֹרָה f

→ Esperanto: ĥoro

→ Serbo-Croatian: о́ро n, óro

→ Bulgarian: хоро (horo)

→ Romanian: horă f

Likely from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoros, from a root *ǵʰer-, though the semantic identity of this root has been disputed:
* From *ǵʰer- (“to seize, catch, enclose”), with some original meaning of "encircling/ring (dance)", whence χόρτος (khórtos, “enclosure”) and Latin cohors, with comparable meanings (multitude, troop).
* From *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”), whence also χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”).
* From a *ǵʰer- of uncertain interpretation, though related to Lithuanian žãras (“row, twig”); this could be identical to the "seize" meaning above.

chorus, choir, band of singers and dancers


Κελτός

Κελτός • (Keltós) m (genitive Κελτοῦ); second declension

Keltós (romanization)
Κελτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Κελτός (nominative singular)
τὼ Κελτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Κελτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Κελτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Κελτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Κελτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Κελτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Κελτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Κελτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Κελτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Κελτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Κελτούς (accusative plural)
Κελτέ (singular vocative)
Κελτώ (dual vocative)
Κελτοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Celtus

→ English: Celt

Greek: Κέλτες (Kéltes)

Hellenistic singular number of the Ancient Greek ethnonym Κελτοί m pl (Keltoí). Later form, Κέλται (Kéltai), from Latin Celtae. Probably derived from Proto-Celtic *kel-to (“to strike; to fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat”).

der

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Heracles :Ἡρακλῆς, 4 @el.wikisource
Ταῦτ᾽ ἐγὼ μὲν ἐπὶ πολὺ εἱστήκειν ὁρῶν καὶ θαυμάζων καὶ ἀπορῶν καὶ ἀγανακτῶν Κελτὸς δὲ τις παρεστὼς οὐκ ἀπαίδευτος τὰ ἡμέτερα, ὡς ἔδειξεν ἀκριβῶς Ἑλλάδα φωνὴν ἀφιείς, φιλόσοφος, οἶμαι, τὰ ἐπιχώρια, Ἐγὼ σοι, ἔφη, ὦ ξένε, λύσω τῆς γραφῆς τὸ αἴνιγμα: πάνυ γὰρ ταραττομένῳ ἔοικας πρὸς αὐτήν. τὸν λόγον ἡμεῖς οἱ Κελτοὶ οὐχ ὥσπερ ὑμεῖς οἱ Ἕλληνες Ἑρμῆν οἰόμεθα εἶναι, ἀλλ᾽ Ἡρακλεῖ αὐτὸν εἰκάζομεν, ὅτι παρὰ πολὺ τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ ἰσχυρότερος οὗτος. Εἰ δὲ γέρων πεποίηται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· μόνος γὰρ ὁ λόγος ἐν γήρᾳ, φιλεῖ ἐντελῆ ἐπιδείκνυσθαι τὴν ἀκμήν, εἲ γε ἀληθῆ ὑμῶν οἱ ποιηταὶ λέγουσιν, ὅτι αἱ μὲν τῶν ὁπλοτέρων φρένες ἠερέθονται, τὸ δὲ γῆρας ἔχει; τι λέξαι: τῶν νέων σοφώτερον.
Translation by Fowler, H. W. and F G. The Works of Lucian of Samosata. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1905. Hercules.4@lucianofsamosata.info
For a long time I stood staring at this in amazement: I knew not what to make of it, and was beginning to feel somewhat nettled, when I was addressed in admirable Greek by a Gaul who stood at my side, and who besides possessing a scholarly acquaintance with the Gallic mythology, proved to be not unfamiliar with our own. ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I see this picture puzzles you: let me solve the riddle. We Gauls connect eloquence not with Hermes, as you do, but with the mightier Heracles. Nor need it surprise you to see him represented as an old man. It is the prerogative of eloquence, that it reaches perfection in old age; at least if we may believe your poets, who tell us that Youth is the sport of every random gust, whereas old age Hath that to say that passes youthful wit.
Discussion about the Celtic name Ὄγμιος (Ógmios) for the Greek Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês, “Hercules”).

310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus :εἰς Δῆλον (Del. (H.IV) Hymn to Delus) @perseus.tufts.edu. Poetic adjective.
ὁππότ᾽ ἂν οἱ μὲν ἐφ᾽ Ἑλλήνεσσι μάχαιραν
βαρβαρικὴν Κελτὸν ἀναστήσαντες Ἄρηα
when [the Titans of a later day shall] rouse up against the Hellenes barbarian sword and Celtic war.
English translation by A. W. Mair @theoi.com

(poetic adjective) Celtic, synonym of Κελτικός (Keltikós)


κρύσταλλος

grc-noun

κρύσταλλος • (krústallos) m (genitive κρυστάλλου); second declension

krústallos (romanization)
κρυστάλλου (genitive)
ὁ κρύσταλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρυστάλλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρύσταλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρυστάλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρυστάλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρυστάλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρυστάλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρυστάλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρυστάλλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρύσταλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρυστάλλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρυστάλλους (accusative plural)
κρύσταλλε (singular vocative)
κρυστάλλω (dual vocative)
κρύσταλλοι (plural vocative)

q

change of gender probably influenced by Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">crystallum</i>

Byzantine Greek: κρύσταλλον n (krústallon), κρούσταλλον n (kroústallon) (change of gender probably influenced by Latin crystallum)

Greek: κρύσταλλο n (krýstallo)

→ Russian: хруста́ль m (xrustálʹ)

→ Old Georgian: კურასტანი (ḳurasṭani)

desc

Greek: κρύσταλλος m (krýstallos, “molecular structure crystal”)

→ Latin: crystallus f or m, crystallum n, cristallum n (see there for further descendants)

According to Beekes, the word is Pre-Greek—which Beekes claims is the case for all Greek words with the -αλλο- suffix. Contrary to this, a relationship is supported to κρύος (krúos), Latin crusta and Old English hruse.


Θρῇξ

grc-noun

Θρῇξ • (Thrêix) m (genitive Θρῃκός); third declension

Thrêix (romanization)
Θρῃκός (genitive)
ὁ Θρῇξ (nominative singular)
τὼ Θρῇκε (dual nominative)
οἱ Θρῇκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ Θρῃκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν Θρῃκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Θρῃκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Θρῃκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν Θρῃκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν Θρῃξῐ́ (dative plural)
Θρῃξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîsi Thrēixí (dative plural)
toîsi Thrēixín (dative plural)
toîsiní (dative plural)
toîsinín (dative plural)
τὸν Θρῇκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Θρῇκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς Θρῇκᾰς (accusative plural)
Θρῇξ (singular vocative)
Θρῇκε (dual vocative)
Θρῇκες (plural vocative)

Greek:

Θρηξ (Thrix)

Θρήκας (Thríkas)

plural: Θρήκες (Thríkes)

Latin: Thrēx (plural Thrēcēs)


στοργή

στοργή • (storgḗ) f (genitive στοργῆς); first declension

storgḗ (romanization)
στοργῆς (genitive)
ἡ στοργή (nominative singular)
τὼ στοργᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ στοργαί (nominative plural)
τῆς στοργῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στοργαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στοργῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στοργῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν στοργαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στοργαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν στοργήν (accusative singular)
τὼ στοργᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στοργᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
στοργή (singular vocative)
στοργᾱ́ (dual vocative)
στοργαί (plural vocative)

Greek: στοργή (storgí)

From στέργω (stérgō, “to love”) + -η (-ē).

490 BCE – 430 BCE, Empedocles, Collected Works 109.3

480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Fragments 73

362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 200

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.1100D

Manetho 4.378

love, affection; especially of parents and children

Palatine Anthology, 5 166

Palatine Anthology, 5 191

Palatine Anthology, 7 476


τροφή

τροφή • (trophḗ) f (genitive τροφῆς); first declension

trophḗ (romanization)
τροφῆς (genitive)
ἡ τροφή (nominative singular)
τὼ τροφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ τροφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς τροφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν τροφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τροφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τροφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν τροφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς τροφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν τροφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ τροφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τροφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
τροφή (singular vocative)
τροφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
τροφαί (plural vocative)

From τρέφω (tréphō, “to maintain, support”) + -η (-ē, action noun suffix).

affix

that which provides or procures sustenance

nurture, rearing, upbringing
rearing or keeping of animals


Σκλάβος

grc-noun

Σκλᾰ́βος • (Sklábos) m (genitive Σκλᾰ́βου); second declension

Σκλᾰ́βος (canonical)
Sklábos (romanization)
Σκλᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ Σκλᾰ́βος (nominative singular)
τὼ Σκλᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ Σκλᾰ́βοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Σκλᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Σκλᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Σκλᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ Σκλᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Σκλᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Σκλᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν Σκλᾰ́βον (accusative singular)
τὼ Σκλᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Σκλᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
Σκλᾰ́βε (singular vocative)
Σκλᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
Σκλᾰ́βοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Σκλάβος (Sklávos)

desctree

⇒ Latin: Sclavus
Aromanian: shcljau
Albanian: shqa
Asturian: eslavu
Catalan: eslau
English: Slav
→ Irish: Slavach
→ Welsh: Slaf
French: slave
Friulian: sclâf
Italian: slavo
Portuguese: eslavo
Romanian: slav, șcheau
Spanish: eslavo
Venetan: slavo

⇒ Latin: sclavus
Eastern Romance:
Aromanian: shcljau, shcljeauã
Romanian: șcheau, șchiau
Italian: schiavo, stiavo (Tuscany)
Sardinian: isciabu, isciau, isclavu, iscrau, iscravu, sciau
Sicilian: schiavu
Friulian: sclâf, sclâv
Venetan: sciavo, s-ciao
→ Italian: ciao (see there for further descendants)
→ Albanian: shqa (earlier borrowing), skllav (later borrowing)
→ Aromanian: sclav, sclavu
→ Asturian: esclavu
→ Breton: sklav
→ Catalan: esclau
→ Galician: escravo
→ German: Sklave
→ Manx: sleab
→ Middle Dutch: slave
Dutch: slaaf
Afrikaans: slaaf
Negerhollands: slaav
→ Caribbean Javanese: slaf
→ Sranan Tongo: srafu
→ Middle French: sclave
French: esclave
Haitian Creole: esklav
→ English: slave
→ Welsh: slaf, yslaf
→ Middle High German: sklafe, sklave
German: Sklave, Sclave, Sklav, Slav, Slave, Slaf, Slafe, Schlav, Schlave, Schlaff, Schlaffe (obsolete)
→ Danish: slave
→ Norwegian Bokmål: slave
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: slave
→ Old Irish: scláb
→ Occitan: esclau
→ Portuguese: escravo
→ Romanian: sclav
→ Scots: sclave
→ Spanish: esclavo
→ Yiddish: שקלאַף (shklaf)

⇒ French: esclave

⇒ English: slave

Greek: Σκλάβος (Sklávos)

⇒ Greek: Σλάβος (Slávos)

⇒ Greek: σκλάβος (sklávos)

→ Arabic: صَقْلَاب (ṣaqlāb), pl. صَقَالِبَة (ṣaqāliba)

→ Persian: سَقلَاب, صقلاب (seqlāb)

From earlier Σκλαβηνός (Sklabēnós), Σθλαβηνός (Sthlabēnós), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *slověninъ.


πάπας

grc-noun

πάπας • (pápas) m (genitive πάπου); first declension

pápas (romanization)
πάπου (genitive)
ὁ πάπας (nominative singular)
τοῦ πάπου (genitive singular)
τῷ πάπᾳ (dative singular)
τὸν πάπαν (accusative singular)
πάπα (singular vocative)

Koine form of πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”)


ὀνομαστικόν

ὀνομᾰστῐκόν • (onomastikón) n (genitive ὀνομᾰστῐκοῦ); second declension

ὀνομᾰστῐκόν (canonical)
onomastikón (romanization)
ὀνομᾰστῐκοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ὀνομᾰστῐκόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνομᾰστῐκώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνομᾰστῐκᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνομᾰστῐκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰστῐκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνομᾰστῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνομᾰστῐκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰστῐκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνομᾰστῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ὀνομᾰστῐκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνομᾰστῐκώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνομᾰστῐκᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ὀνομᾰστῐκόν (singular vocative)
ὀνομᾰστῐκώ (dual vocative)
ὀνομᾰστῐκᾰ́ (plural vocative)

The noun is the substantive form of the adjective (with βιβλίον implied).

vocabulary, arranged by subject and not by word order.


χάρτης

χᾰ́ρτης • (khártēs) m (genitive χᾰ́ρτου); first declension

χᾰ́ρτης (canonical)
khártēs (romanization)
χᾰ́ρτου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰ́ρτης (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰ́ρται (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰ́ρτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰ́ρταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰ́ρτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰ́ρταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰ́ρταις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰ́ρτην (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰ́ρτᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́ρτᾰ (singular vocative)
χᾰ́ρτᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰ́ρται (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: χάρτης (chártis)
→ Romanian: hartă

→ Aramaic:

desc

Syriac script: ܟܼܲܪܛܝܼܣܵܐ (ḵarṭīsā), ܟܪܛܐܣܐ

Hebrew script: כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), קַרְטִיסָא (qarṭīsā), קַרְטָאסָא (qarṭāsā),

→ Bulgarian: хартия (hartija)

→ Hebrew: כַּרְטִיס (kartís)

→ Latin: charta (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտէզ (kʻartēz), քարտէն (kʻartēn), քարտէս (kʻartēs)
→ Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտեզ (kʻartez), քարտես (kʻartes)
→ Georgian: ქარტეზი (karṭezi)

→ Russian: хартия (xartija)

⇒ Koine Greek: χαρτίον (khartíon)

Greek: χαρτί (chartí) (see there for further descendants)

According to Strong's Biblical Concordance, from χαράσσω (kharássō, “I scratch, inscribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to scratch”) (compare Lithuanian žerti (“to scrape”)). Modern scholarship rejects this (Beekes, Chantraine) and considers the etymology unknown. An Egyptian derivation was supposed, without any convincing etymon found, because of the Egyptian origin of papyrus. Consistent with the Phoenician influence on Greece in the field of writing (the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet), it has been suggested that χάρτης could derive from the Phoenician word 𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕 (ḥrṭyt), interpreted as "something written", cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶט (ḫereṭ, “stylus; style of writing”).


ἄρκτου

head

ᾰ̓́ρκτου • (árktou)

ᾰ̓́ρκτου (canonical)
árktou (romanization)


βάθεος

βᾰ́θεος • (bátheos)

βᾰ́θεος (canonical)
bátheos (romanization)


ἀψινθίου

genitive singular of ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion)


γάλακος

γᾰ́λᾰκος • (gálakos)

γᾰ́λᾰκος (canonical)
gálakos (romanization)


βάρεος

βᾰ́ρεος • (báreos)

βᾰ́ρεος (canonical)
báreos (romanization)


βάθους

βᾰ́θους • (báthous)

βᾰ́θους (canonical)
báthous (romanization)


βάρους

βᾰ́ρους • (bárous)

βᾰ́ρους (canonical)
bárous (romanization)


γάλακτος

γᾰ́λᾰκτος • (gálaktos) n

γᾰ́λᾰκτος (canonical)
gálaktos (romanization)


γλυφῆς

γλῠφῆς • (gluphês)

γλῠφῆς (canonical)
gluphês (romanization)


γλυφή

grc-noun

γλῠφή • (gluphḗ) f (genitive γλῠφῆς); first declension

γλῠφή (canonical)
gluphḗ (romanization)
γλῠφῆς (genitive)
ἡ γλῠφή (nominative singular)
τὼ γλῠφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῠφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς γλῠφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλῠφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλῠφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλῠφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλῠφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλῠφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γλῠφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλῠφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλῠφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γλῠφή (singular vocative)
γλῠφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
γλῠφαί (plural vocative)

desctree

→ French: glyphe (learned)
→ English: glyph
→ Finnish: glyyfi
→ Italian: glifo
→ Portuguese: glifo
→ Russian: глиф (glif)
→ Spanish: glifo

Greek: γλυφή f (glyfí)

From γλύφω (glúphō, “to carve”) + -η (-ē).


σιγή

grc-noun

σῑγή • (sīgḗ) f (genitive σῑγῆς); first declension

σῑγή (canonical)
sīgḗ (romanization)
σῑγῆς (genitive)
ἡ σῑγή (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῑγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῑγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῑγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῑγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῑγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῑγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῑγή (singular vocative)
σῑγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῑγαί (plural vocative)

From earlier *σϝίγ- (*swíg-), probably of imitative origin. Has been connected to Proto-West Germanic *swīgā (“silence”) (whence German schweigen (“to keep quiet”)); however, the Germanic term would reflect a Proto-Indo-European *sweygʰ-, which would yield Greek *εἱχ- (*heikh-), making inheritance from basic sound laws impossible. Probably not related to σιωπή (siōpḗ, “silence”), despite the resemblance.

onomatopoeic

imitative


ἄβακος

head

ἄβακος • (ábakos) m


ἀβακίσκου

ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκου • (abakískou)

ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκου (canonical)
abakískou (romanization)

genitive singular of ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκος (abakískos)


ἀγάπης

ἀγάπης • (agápēs) f


ἀγροῦ

ἀγροῦ • (agroû) m


ἀδύτου

ἀδύτου • (adútou) n


ἀθεότητος

ἀθεότητος • (atheótētos) f


ἀέρος

ἀέρος • (aéros) m


ἀγνοίας

ἀγνοίας • (agnoías) f


Αἰθίοπος

grc-noun form

Αἰθῐ́οπος • (Aithíopos)

Αἰθῐ́οπος (canonical)
Aithíopos (romanization)


ἀκαλήφης

head

ἀκαλήφης • (akalḗphēs) f


ἀκακίας

ἀκακίας • (akakías) f


αἵματος

αἵμᾰτος (canonical)
haímatos (romanization)


αἰῶνος

αἰῶνος • (aiônos) m


αἰσθήσεως

grc-noun form

αἰσθήσεως • (aisthḗseōs)

genitive singular of αἴσθησις (aísthēsis)


αἰνίγματος

head

αἰνίγματος • (ainígmatos) n


Οὗννος

grc-noun

Οὗννος • (Hoûnnos) m (genitive Οὕννου); second declension

Hoûnnos (romanization)
Οὕννου (genitive)
ὁ Οὗννος (nominative singular)
τὼ Οὕννω (dual nominative)
οἱ Οὗννοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Οὕννου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Οὕννοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Οὕννων (genitive plural)
τῷ Οὕννῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Οὕννοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Οὕννοις (dative plural)
τὸν Οὗννον (accusative singular)
τὼ Οὕννω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Οὕννους (accusative plural)
Οὗννε (singular vocative)
Οὕννω (dual vocative)
Οὗννοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Ούννος (Oúnnos)

Borrowed through Middle Iranian. See Huns.


Ἄραψ

Ἄρᾰψ • (Áraps) m or f (genitive Ἄρᾰβος); third declension

Ἄρᾰψ (canonical)
Áraps (romanization)
Ἄρᾰβος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ Ᾰ̓́ρᾰψ (nominative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓ρᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ᾰ̓ρᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓ρᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς Ᾰ̓́ρᾰψῐ (dative plural)
Ᾰ̓́ρᾰψῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs Árapsi (dative plural)
taîs Árapsin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβᾰς (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓́ρᾰψ (singular vocative)
Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβε (dual vocative)
Ᾰ̓́ρᾰβες (plural vocative)

Greek: Άραβας (Áravas)

→ Latin: Arabs


Γερμανός

Γερμᾱνός • (Germānós) m (genitive Γερμᾱνοῦ); second declension

Γερμᾱνός (canonical)
Germānós (romanization)
Γερμᾱνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Γερμᾱνός (nominative singular)
τὼ Γερμᾱνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Γερμᾱνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Γερμᾱνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Γερμᾱνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Γερμᾱνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Γερμᾱνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Γερμᾱνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Γερμᾱνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Γερμᾱνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Γερμᾱνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Γερμᾱνούς (accusative plural)
Γερμᾱνέ (singular vocative)
Γερμᾱνώ (dual vocative)
Γερμᾱνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Γερμανός (Germanós)


κάθαρμα

κάθαρμα • (kátharma) n (genitive κᾰθάρμᾰτος); third declension

kátharma (romanization)
κᾰθάρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κά̆θᾰρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰθᾰρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰθᾰρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰθᾰρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kathármasi (dative plural)
toîs kathármasin (dative plural)
τὸ κά̆θᾰρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κά̆θᾰρμᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κᾰθᾰ́ρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)


ἀκῆς

head

ᾰ̓κῆς • (akês)


ἁλός

ᾰ̔λός • (halós)


ἀλέκτορος

ᾰ̓λέκτορος • (aléktoros)

ᾰ̓λέκτορος (canonical)
aléktoros (romanization)


ἁλιαιέτου

ᾰ̔λῐαιέτου • (haliaiétou)

ᾰ̔λῐαιέτου (canonical)
haliaiétou (romanization)

genitive singular of ᾰ̔λῐαίετος (haliaíetos)


τανδρός

τᾱ̓νδρός • (tāndrós)

τᾱ̓νδρός (canonical)
tāndrós (romanization)


ἀνθρακιᾶς

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς • (anthrakiâs)

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς (canonical)
anthrakiâs (romanization)

genitive singular of ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (anthrakiā́)


ἄνθους

ᾰ̓́νθους • (ánthous)

ᾰ̓́νθους (canonical)
ánthous (romanization)


ἀναρχίας

ᾰ̓νᾰρχῐ́ᾱς • (anarkhíās)

ᾰ̓νᾰρχῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
anarkhíās (romanization)

genitive singular of ᾰ̓νᾰρχῐ́ᾱ (anarkhíā)

accusative plural of ᾰ̓νᾰρχῐ́ᾱ (anarkhíā)


ἀντλίας

ἀντλῐ́ᾱς • (antlíās)

ἀντλῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
antlíās (romanization)

inflection of ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (antlíā):
genitive singular

inflection of ἀντλῐ́ᾱ (antlíā):
accusative plural


ἀποκαλύψεως

ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως

ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως • (apokalúpseōs)

ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως (canonical)
apokalúpseōs (romanization)

ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς

genitive singular of ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς (apokálupsis)


ἀμφισβαίνης

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης • (amphisbaínēs) f

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (canonical)
amphisbaínēs (romanization)

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

genitive singular of ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (amphísbaina)


ἀκροάματος

ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτος • (akroā́matos)

ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτος (canonical)
akroā́matos (romanization)


ἀλκυόνος

ᾰ̓λκῠόνος • (alkuónos)

ᾰ̓λκῠόνος (canonical)
alkuónos (romanization)


βδέλλα

grc-noun

βδέλλᾰ • (bdélla) f (genitive βδέλλης); first declension

βδέλλᾰ (canonical)
bdélla (romanization)
βδέλλης (genitive)
ἡ βδέλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βδέλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βδέλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βδέλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βδέλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βδελλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βδέλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βδέλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βδέλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν βδέλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βδέλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βδέλλᾱς (accusative plural)
βδέλλᾰ (singular vocative)
βδέλλᾱ (dual vocative)
βδέλλαι (plural vocative)

Albanian: abdhellë

English: bdellatomy

French: bdellomètre

Greek: βδέλλα (vdélla)

From βδάλλω (bdállō, “I milk”, (in the middle voice, of a cow) “I yield to milking”; “I suck”), from Pre-Greek.


Τρωάς

Τρωᾰ́ς • (Trōás) f (genitive Τρωᾰ́δος); third declension

Τρωᾰ́ς (canonical)
Trōás (romanization)
Τρωᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Τρωᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ Τρωᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ Τρωᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς Τρωᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Τρωᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Τρωᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ Τρωᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Τρωᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Τρωᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
Τρωᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Trōási (dative plural)
taîs Trōásin (dative plural)
τὴν Τρωᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Τρωᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Τρωᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Τρωᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
Τρωᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
Τρωᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: Τρωάς (Troás)

From Τρώς (Trṓs, “Trojan”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás).

a female inhabitant of Troy or of the Troas/Troad; a female Trojan


ἄκανθος

ἄκᾰνθος • (ákanthos) m or f (genitive ἀκᾰ́νθου); second declension

ἄκᾰνθος (canonical)
ákanthos (romanization)
ἀκᾰ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ ἄκᾰνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄκᾰνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκᾰ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκᾰ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκᾰ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκᾰ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄκᾰνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκᾰ́νθους (accusative plural)
ἄκᾰνθε (singular vocative)
ἀκᾰ́νθω (dual vocative)
ἄκᾰνθοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: acanthus
→ Catalan: acant
→ Finnish: akantus, akantti
→ English: acanthus
→ French: acanthe
→ Romanian: acantă
→ Irish: acanta-, acantas
→ Italian: acanto
→ Polish: akant (learned)
→ Portuguese: acanto
→ Spanish: acanto
→ Swedish: akantus, akant

From ἀκή (akḗ, “thorn”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).


βασίλισσα

grc-noun

βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰ • (basílissa) f (genitive βᾰσῐλῐ́σσης); first declension

βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰ (canonical)
basílissa (romanization)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σσης (genitive)
ἡ βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰσῐ́λῐσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰσῐλῐ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰσῐλῐ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰσῐλῐ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰσῐλῐ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐ́λῐσσᾰ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐ́λῐσσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: βασίλισσα (vasílissa)

From βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús, “king”) + -ῐσσᾰ (-issa, female suffix).


πύργος

grc-noun

πῠ́ργος • (púrgos) m (genitive πῠ́ργου); second declension

πῠ́ργος (canonical)
púrgos (romanization)
πῠ́ργου (genitive)
ὁ πῠ́ργος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ργω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠ́ργοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠ́ργου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠ́ργων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠ́ργῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠ́ργοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῠ́ργον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ργω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠ́ργους (accusative plural)
πῠ́ργε (singular vocative)
πῠ́ργω (dual vocative)
πῠ́ργοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πύργος (pýrgos)

→? Albanian: burg

→? Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: burgaz

The word is first attested in Homer, Iliad 7.219. Believed to be a borrowed word, perhaps from Urartian 𒁓𒂵𒈾 (bur-ga-na /burgana/, “pillar, column; altar, base, or built-up foundation”), however this may itself be a loan with no known Hurrian cognate; compare also Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “pyramid”). Others connect the word to Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg (English borough). Kretschmer suggested a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortified town, hill-fort”) mediated through some Northern Balkans language (Ancient Macedonian?). For Beekes, the abundance of Pre-Greek placenames, like e. g. Πέργαμον (Pérgamon), seems to indicate a Pre-Greek origin.


Ἀμφίλοχος

grc-noun

Ἀμφῐ́λοχος • (Amphílokhos) m (genitive Ἀμφῐλόχου); second declension

Ἀμφῐ́λοχος (canonical)
Amphílokhos (romanization)
Ἀμφῐλόχου (genitive)
ὁ Ἀμφῐ́λοχος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἀμφῐλόχω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἀμφῐ́λοχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἀμφῐλόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἀμφῐλόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἀμφῐλόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἀμφῐλόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἀμφῐλόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἀμφῐλόχοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ἀμφῐ́λοχον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἀμφῐλόχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἀμφῐλόχους (accusative plural)
Ἀμφῐ́λοχε (singular vocative)
Ἀμφῐλόχω (dual vocative)
Ἀμφῐ́λοχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Αμφίλοχος (Amfílochos)

→ Latin: Amphilochus

→ Translingual: Amphilochus

From ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”) + λόχος (lókhos, “ambush”).

af

Any individual among the inhabitants of Amphilochia; an Amphilochian