κρίμα

κρῐ́μᾰ • (kríma) n (genitive κρῐ́μᾰτος); third declension

κρῐ́μᾰ (canonical)
kríma (romanization)
κρῐ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κρῐ́μᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῐ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῐ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῐ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κρῐ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs krímasi (dative plural)
toîs krímasin (dative plural)
τὸ κρῐ́μᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῐ́μᾰ (singular vocative)
κρῐ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
κρῐ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κρίμα (kríma)

Mariupol Greek: кри́ма (kríma)

From κρίνω (krínō, “to judge”) + -μᾰ (-ma).

279 BCE – 206 BCE, Chrysippus of Soli, Collected Works 3.58

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 23.1.12

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Psalms 118.7

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 11:33

108 CE, Arrian, Discourses of Epictetus 2.15.8

161 CE – 180 CE, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 8.47

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.12

New Testament, Revelation 20:4

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Deuteronomy 21.22

The Gospel of Mark 12:40

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 18.22

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:7


φάλλαινα

grc-noun

φάλλαινᾰ • (phállaina) f (genitive φαλλαίνης); first declension

φάλλαινᾰ (canonical)
phállaina (romanization)
φαλλαίνης (genitive)
ἡ φάλλαινᾰ (nominative singular)
αἱ φάλλαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φαλλαίνης (genitive singular)
τῶν φαλλαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φαλλαίνῃ (dative singular)
ταῖς φαλλαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φάλλαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς φαλλαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φάλλαινᾰ (singular vocative)
φάλλαιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: φάλαινα (fálaina) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: ballaena (see there for further descendants)

Traditionally derived, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”); see also φαλλός (phallós, “penis, phallus”). However, Beekes considers the word Pre-Greek due to variation between the single and geminate λ in its variant forms.


ἀκοή

ᾰ̓κοή • (akoḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓κοῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓κοή (canonical)
akoḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓κοῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓κοή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓κοᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓κοαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓κοῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κοαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓κοῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓κοῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κοαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓κοαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓κοήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓κοᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓κοᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓κοή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓κοᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓κοαί (plural vocative)

From ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).

affix

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.308

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.701

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 21A

a hearing, the sound heard
the thing heard, news, tidings

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.162

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.174

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.135

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.29

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.126

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 61D

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.20

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.73

a hearing, the sound heard
the thing heard, report, saying, fame

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.634

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 690

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 30

409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1412

413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1496

408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1480

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 900A

416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 962

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 24.5.9

the sense of hearing
the act of hearing, hearing

630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Collected Works 2.12

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 3.6.12

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.38

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 65B

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 142D


ἀμπελών

grc-noun

ἀμπελών • (ampelṓn) m (genitive ἀμπελῶνος); third declension

ampelṓn (romanization)
ἀμπελῶνος (genitive)
ὁ ἀμπελών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπελῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀμπελῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπελώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμπελώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμπελῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπελώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμπελῶσῐ (dative plural)
ἀμπελῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ampelôsi (dative plural)
toîs ampelôsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἀμπελῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπελῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀμπελῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀμπελών (singular vocative)
ἀμπελῶνε (dual vocative)
ἀμπελῶνες (plural vocative)

From ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “grape-vine”) + -ών (-ṓn, grove,plantation).

af

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 49.13

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 4.6


λάμβδα

λᾰ́μβδᾰ (canonical)
lámbda (romanization)

391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 920

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 514b.18


θυσιαστήριον

grc-noun

θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον

θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ου

θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον • (thusiastḗrion) n (genitive θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ου); second declension

θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον (canonical)
thusiastḗrion (romanization)
θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θῠσῐᾰστήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θῠσῐᾰστήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον (singular vocative)
θῠσῐᾰστηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
θῠσῐᾰστήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

θῠσῐᾰστήρῐον

From θῠσῐᾰστήρῐος (thusiastḗrios, “sacrificial”) from θῠσῐᾰ́ζω (thusiázō, “to sacrifice”).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 27.1

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 23:18

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 8.4.1

an altar (usually a Christian or Jewish altar)


σκεῦος

grc-noun

σκεῦος • (skeûos) n (genitive σκεύους); third declension

skeûos (romanization)
σκεύους (genitive)
τὸ σκεῦος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεύει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκεύη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεύους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκευοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκευῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεύει (dative singular)
τοῖν σκευοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεύεσῐ (dative plural)
σκεύεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skeúesi (dative plural)
toîs skeúesin (dative plural)
τὸ σκεῦος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεύει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκεύη (accusative plural)
σκεῦος (singular vocative)
σκεύει (dual vocative)
σκεύη (plural vocative)

→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas) (semantic loan)

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to perform, commit or to cut, hew, equip”), and compared with Proto-Germanic *hawjaną (“to carry out, perform”) and Proto-Slavic *kutiti (“to devise, whirl”). Other theories which derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to push”), comparing to Lithuanian šáuti (“to shoot, shove”) and Proto-Slavic *sovati (“to shove”), are semantically unconvincing.

cog

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1318

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Aristophanes 31

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 552

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.13

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.17.3

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Stones 42

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.31

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.55

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 12.15

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.13.6

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.4.17

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Critias 117D

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 183E

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 8.11

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 46.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Evergus and Mnesibulus 19

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 27:17

(in the plural) outfit, gear, utensils, chattels, equipment, baggage, luggage, tackle

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 601D

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 506D

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Democritus, Collected Works 159

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1407B.8

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 13.5.7

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 15.25.1

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 9:15

a vessel, implement
an inanimate object, a thing

411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 402

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.128

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 983

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 596B

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 373A

55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 4:7

New Testament, First Epistle to the Thessalonians 4:4

New Testament, First Epistle of Peter 3:7

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 17.11


μετάνοια

grc-noun

μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension

μετᾰ́νοιᾰ (canonical)
metánoia (romanization)
μετᾰνοίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μετᾰ́νοιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μετᾰνοίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μετᾰ́νοιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μετᾰνοίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετᾰνοίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετᾰνοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μετᾰνοίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετᾰνοίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μετᾰνοίαις (dative plural)
τὴν μετᾰ́νοιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μετᾰνοίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μετᾰνοίᾱς (accusative plural)
μετᾰ́νοιᾰ (singular vocative)
μετᾰνοίᾱ (dual vocative)
μετᾰ́νοιαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μετάνοια (metánoia)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ (metanoia)

→ English: metanoia

→ Polish: metanoja (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: metanoja (learned)

From μετανοέω (metanoéō, “a change of mind, change of attitude”) + -ῐᾰ (-ia).

af

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.36

362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 198

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 4.66.7

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Proverbs 14.15

700 BCE – 600 BCE, Aristeas, Collected Works 188

480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 2.4.12

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Monostichoi 91

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 20:21

New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 6:1


ψαλμός

grc-noun

ψαλμός • (psalmós) m (genitive ψαλμοῦ); second declension

psalmós (romanization)
ψαλμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ψαλμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαλμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψαλμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαλμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαλμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαλμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαλμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαλμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαλμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ψαλμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαλμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψαλμούς (accusative plural)
ψαλμέ (singular vocative)
ψαλμώ (dual vocative)
ψαλμοί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ (psalmos)

→ Greek: ψαλμός (psalmós) (learned)

→ Latin: psalmus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: սաղմոս (sałmos)

→ Aghwan: 𐕚𐔰𐔾𐕌𐕒𐕚 (salmos)

→ Old Church Slavonic: ѱалъмъ (psalŭmŭ)

desc

→ Russian: псало́м (psalóm), пса́льма (psálʹma)

→ Ukrainian: псало́м (psalóm), пса́льма (psálʹma)

From ψάλλω (psállō, “to twitch”) + -μός (-mós).


κοιλία

grc-noun

κοιλῐ́ᾱ • (koilíā) f (genitive κοιλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κοιλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
koilíā (romanization)
κοιλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κοιλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κοιλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κοιλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κοιλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοιλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοιλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κοιλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοιλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κοιλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κοιλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοιλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κοιλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοιλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοιλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοιλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοιλιά (koiliá), κοιλία (koilía)

From κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.40

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.86

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.92

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 356

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 160

388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 1169

the large hollow or cavity of the body, belly, abdomen, stomach

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Airs, Waters, and Places 10

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 1.10

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prorrhetics 1.38

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Acut.Sp. 56

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 4.23

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 46

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.896

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Affections 6

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.87

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 485

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ulcers 3

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 73A

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 85E

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Sleep 456A.3

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 650A.13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 489A.2

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 674B.22

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 507B.5

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 16:18

New Testament, Epistle to the Philippians 3:19

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 61

any cavity in the body, ventricle, chamber

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 4.375

320 CE – 403 CE, Oribasius, Collected Works 8.6.30

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 41

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 496A.4

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 349B.4

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 350B.23

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 369B.2


διδασκαλία

δῐδασκᾰλίᾱ • (didaskalíā) f (genitive δῐδασκᾰλίᾱς); first declension

δῐδασκᾰλίᾱ (canonical)
didaskalíā (romanization)
δῐδασκᾰλίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐδᾰσκᾰλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ French: didascalie

→ Italian: didascalia

From διδάσκαλος (didáskalos, “teacher”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).

af

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.102

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Euenus, Collected Works 1

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, The Law 2

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.7.24

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 493B

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.42

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.87

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1103A.15

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 501E

556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 147.5

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.1096A

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.839D

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cimon 8

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 5

3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 5.26

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1155

preparation, rehearsing
Catalogues of the Dramas of Aristotle


τελώνης

grc-noun

τελώνης • (telṓnēs) m (genitive τελώνου); first declension

telṓnēs (romanization)
τελώνου (genitive)
ὁ τελώνης (nominative singular)
τὼ τελώνᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ τελῶναι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τελώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τελώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τελωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τελώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τελώναιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τελώναις (dative plural)
τὸν τελώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ τελώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τελώνᾱς (accusative plural)
τελώνη (singular vocative)
τελώνᾱ (dual vocative)
τελῶναι (plural vocative)

From τέλος (télos, “tax”) + ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai).

af

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 248

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 119

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 6.64

260 CE – 340 CE, Eusebius, Preparations for the Gospel 15.2

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 12.13.9

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 8.587

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 9.804

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5:46

a farmer or collector or the tolls, customs or taxes of a state, tax collector


πειρασμός

grc-noun

πειρᾰσμός • (peirasmós) m (genitive πειρᾰσμοῦ); second declension

πειρᾰσμός (canonical)
peirasmós (romanization)
πειρᾰσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πειρᾰσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ πειρᾰσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πειρᾰσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πειρᾰσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πειρᾰσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πειρᾰσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πειρᾰσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πειρᾰσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πειρᾰσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πειρᾰσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πειρᾰσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πειρᾰσμούς (accusative plural)
πειρᾰσμέ (singular vocative)
πειρᾰσμώ (dual vocative)
πειρᾰσμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: πειρασμός m (peirasmós)

From πειρᾰ́ζω (peirázō, “to prove”) + -μός (-mós).

af

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Deuteronomy 4.34

New Testament, First Epistle of Peter 4:12

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, The Preface of Materia Medica 5

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 6:13

Cyranus, Collected Works 40


νόστος

grc-noun

νόστος • (nóstos) m (genitive νόστου); second declension

nóstos (romanization)
νόστου (genitive)
ὁ νόστος (nominative singular)
τὼ νόστω (dual nominative)
οἱ νόστοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νόστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νόστοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νόστων (genitive plural)
τῷ νόστῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νόστοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νόστοις (dative plural)
τὸν νόστον (accusative singular)
τὼ νόστω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νόστους (accusative plural)
νόστε (singular vocative)
νόστω (dual vocative)
νόστοι (plural vocative)
νόστος (nominative singular)
νόστω (dual nominative)
νόστοι (nominative plural)
νόστου (genitive singular)
νοστοῖο (genitive singular)
νόστοιο (genitive singular)
νοστόο (genitive singular)
νόστοο (genitive singular)
νόστοιῐν (dual genitive)
νόστων (genitive plural)
νόστῳ (dative singular)
νόστοιῐν (dative dual)
νόστοισῐ (dative plural)
νόστοισῐν (dative plural)
νόστοις (dative plural)
nóstoisi (dative plural)
nóstoisin (dative plural)
nóstois (dative plural)
νόστον (accusative singular)
νόστω (accusative dual)
νόστους (accusative plural)
νόστε (singular vocative)
νόστω (dual vocative)
νόστοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *nóstos, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *nes- (“to return home”) + -τος (-tos). See νέομαι (néomai, “to go or come back”).

der

the act of reaching a place; journey, arrival

(Homeric) returning home, homecoming, a safe journey home


χιλίαρχος

grc-noun

χῑλίᾰρχος • (khīlíarkhos) m (genitive χῑλιᾰ́ρχου); second declension

χῑλίᾰρχος (canonical)
khīlíarkhos (romanization)
χῑλιᾰ́ρχου (genitive)
ὁ χῑλίᾰρχος (nominative singular)
τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω (dual nominative)
οἱ χῑλίᾰρχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῑλιᾰ́ρχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῑλιᾰ́ρχων (genitive plural)
τῷ χῑλιᾰ́ρχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῑλιᾰ́ρχοις (dative plural)
τὸν χῑλίᾰρχον (accusative singular)
τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῑλιᾰ́ρχους (accusative plural)
χῑλίᾰρχε (singular vocative)
χῑλιᾰ́ρχω (dual vocative)
χῑλίᾰρχοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܝܠܝܪܟܐ, ܟܝܠܪܟܐ, ܟܠܝܐܪܟܐ, ܟܠܝܪܟܐ

→ Latin: chiliarchus (see there for further descendants)

→ Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌸𐍃 (þūsundifaþs) (calque)

From χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”) + ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”). Calque of Old Median *hazārapatiš.

af

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 304

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.14

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 4.7

the commander of a thousand men, commander of a garrison


σύνεσις

grc-noun

σῠ́νεσῐς • (súnesis) f (genitive σῠνέσεως); third declension

σῠ́νεσῐς (canonical)
súnesis (romanization)
σῠνέσεως (genitive)
ἡ σῠ́νεσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνέσει (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠνέσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνέσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνεσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνέσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνέσει (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνεσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνέσεσῐ (dative plural)
σῠνέσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sunésesi (dative plural)
taîs sunésesin (dative plural)
τὴν σῠ́νεσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνέσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνέσεις (accusative plural)
σῠ́νεσῐ (singular vocative)
σῠνέσει (dual vocative)
σῠνέσεις (plural vocative)

From σῠνῑ́ημῐ (sunī́ēmi, “bring together”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

(Gnosticism) one of the aeons or emanations of the Godhead, representing intelligence


πνιγεύς

grc-noun

πνῐγεύς • (pnigeús) m (genitive πνῐγέως); third declension

πνῐγεύς (canonical)
pnigeús (romanization)
πνῐγέως (genitive)
ὁ πνῐγεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ πνῐγῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ πνῐγῆς (nominative plural)
πνῐγεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνῐγέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνῐγέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνῐγέων (genitive plural)
τῷ πνῐγεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνῐγέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνῐγεῦσῐ (dative plural)
πνῐγεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pnigeûsi (dative plural)
toîs pnigeûsin (dative plural)
τὸν πνῐγέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνῐγῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πνῐγέᾱς (accusative plural)
πνῐγεῦ (singular vocative)
πνῐγῆ (dual vocative)
πνῐγῆς (plural vocative)
πνῐγεῖς (plural vocative)

From πνῑ́γω (pnī́gō, “to choke, stifle”) + -εύς (-eús, masculine agentive suffix).

suffix

hydraulic instrument in which air is pent up


εἰκονοκλάστης

grc-noun

εἰκονοκλάστου

εἰκονοκλάστης • (eikonoklástēs) m (genitive εἰκονοκλάστου); first declension

eikonoklástēs (romanization)
εἰκονοκλάστου (genitive)
ὁ εἰκονοκλᾰ́στης (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰκονοκλᾰ́στᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ εἰκονοκλᾰ́σται (nominative plural)
τοῦ εἰκονοκλᾰ́στου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰκονοκλᾰ́σταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰκονοκλᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ εἰκονοκλᾰ́στῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰκονοκλᾰ́σταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εἰκονοκλᾰ́σταις (dative plural)
τὸν εἰκονοκλᾰ́στην (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰκονοκλᾰ́στᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς εἰκονοκλᾰ́στᾱς (accusative plural)
εἰκονοκλᾰ́στᾰ (singular vocative)
εἰκονοκλᾰ́στᾱ (dual vocative)
εἰκονοκλᾰ́σται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

εἰκονοκλᾰ́στης

desc

εικονοκλάστης

Greek: εικονοκλάστης (eikonoklástis)

From εἰκών (eikṓn, “figure, icon”) + κλάω (kláō, “to break”) + -της (-tēs, agent suffix).


αἴθυια

grc-noun

αἴθυιᾰ • (aíthuia) f (genitive αἰθυίᾱς); first declension

αἴθυιᾰ (canonical)
aíthuia (romanization)
αἰθυίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αἴθυιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰθυίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴθυιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰθυίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθυίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθυιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰθυίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθυίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰθυίαις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴθυιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰθυίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰθυίᾱς (accusative plural)
αἴθυιᾰ (singular vocative)
αἰθυίᾱ (dual vocative)
αἴθυιαι (plural vocative)

Latin: aethia

Translingual: Aethia (genus name)

Usually derived from αἴθω (aíthō, “to kindle”), comparing αἰθός (aithós, “sparkling, glowing; dark-coloured”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin of the word, in view of the suffix "-υια", found also in ἄγυια (águia, “street, highway”), ἅρπυια (hárpuia, “harpy”) and κώδυια (kṓduia, “head; bulb”).


διάλυσις

δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς • (diálusis) f (genitive δῐᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension

δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς (canonical)
diálusis (romanization)
δῐᾰλῠ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλῠ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰλῠ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰλῠ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλῠσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰλῠ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰλῠ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλῠσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰλῠ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
δῐᾰλῠ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs dialúsesi (dative plural)
taîs dialúsesin (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́λῠσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλῠ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰλῠ́σεις (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́λῠσῐ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰλῠ́σει (dual vocative)
δῐᾰλῠ́σεις (plural vocative)


Ποντικόν κάρυον

head

Ποντικόν κάρυον

Ποντικόν κάρυον • (Pontikón káruon)

desctree

→ Middle Persian: pndk' (*pondik)
Persian: پندک (pondok)
→ Arabic: بُنْدُق (bunduq), فُنْدُق (funduq), بُنْدُوق (bundūq) — archaic, dialectal
Andalusian Arabic: بندق (bunduq)
→ Portuguese: almôndega
→ Ladino: albóndiga
→ Spanish: albóndiga, almóndiga (obsolete or nonstandard)
Chavacano: albóndiga
Hijazi Arabic: بندق (bundug)
→ Amharic: ቡንዱቅ (bunduḳ)
→ Armenian: պնդուկ (pnduk)
→ French: bonduc
→ English: bonduc
→ Ge'ez: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ, “rifle”)
→ Persian: بندق (bondoq), فندق (fondoq, fandoq, “hazelnut”) (see there for further descendants), بندوق (bonduq, “rifle”)
→ Gujarati: બંદૂક (bandūk)
→ Hindi: बन्दूक़ (bandūq), बन्दूक (bandūk)
→ English: bundook
→ Telugu: బందూకు (bandūku)
→ Punjabi: ਬੰਦੂਕ਼ (bandūq), بندوق (bndoq)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بندق (bundûq)
→ Urdu: بندوق (bandūq)
→ Mehri: məndáwḳ (“rifle”)
→ Shehri: məndíḳ
→ Swahili: bunduki (“rifle”) (see there for further descendants)
→ Tigre: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ)
→ Classical Syriac: ܦܢܕܩܐ (pendəqā)
 (possibly)

Latin: nux Pontica (calque)

Ποντικόν (Pontikón, “Pontic”) κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). From the nut's indigenousness and abundance in Pontus, a former Hellenic kingdom in northern Anatolia along the southern shore of the Black Sea.


ὁράματα

head

ὁρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ • (horā́mata)

ὁρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (canonical)
horā́mata (romanization)

English: panoramata

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ὅρᾱμᾰ (hórāma)


πτίλον

grc-noun

πτῐ́λον • (ptílon) n (genitive πτῐ́λου); second declension

πτῐ́λον (canonical)
ptílon (romanization)
πτῐ́λου (genitive)
τὸ πτῐ́λον (nominative singular)
τὼ πτῐ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πτῐ́λᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πτῐ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτῐ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτῐ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ πτῐ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτῐ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πτῐ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ πτῐ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ πτῐ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πτῐ́λᾰ (accusative plural)
πτῐ́λον (singular vocative)
πτῐ́λω (dual vocative)
πτῐ́λᾰ (plural vocative)

Translingual: Pachyptila, Pachyptile, Pachyptilum, Pachyptilus (generic names)

English: -ptile, ptilo-

French: ptil-, -ptile

Latin: ptilo- (New Latin)

Of uncertain origin, with suggestions including Pre-Greek origin as shown by the alternative form ψίλον (psílon), relation to πέτομαι (pétomai, “to fly”) (e.g., via a Proto-Indo-European preform *pth₂-il-o-m), or to the Latin pilus (“a hair”).
Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀠𐀴𐁊𐀸𐀭 (pi-ti-ryo-we-sa /ptilowessa/, “decorated with a feather pattern”).

cog

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Demosthenes 51

feather, especially a down feather
the down of a youth's face

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 585

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1182

feather, especially a down feather
plumelet

400 BCE – 200 BCE, Clytus, Collected Works 1

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 12.4

450 BCE – 350 BCE, Plato Comicus, Collected Works 97

4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 5

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 21.28.12

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Progression of Animals 713A.10

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.76

the wing-like membrane in a kind of serpents

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Theriaca 524

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Alexandra 25

anything like a feather or wing
(in the plural) the sails of a ship

anything like a feather or wing
the sails of a ship


ἄλειφαρ

grc-noun

ἄλειφᾰρ • (áleiphar) n (genitive ἀλείφατος); third declension

ἄλειφᾰρ (canonical)
áleiphar (romanization)
ἀλείφατος (genitive)
τὸ ἄλειφᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλείφᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀλείφᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλείφᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλειφᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλειφᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλείφᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλειφᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλείφᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλείφᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aleíphasi (dative plural)
toîs aleíphasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλειφᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλείφᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀλείφᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλειφᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἀλείφᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀλείφᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἀλείφω (aleíphō, “to anoint, grease”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀩𐀞 (a-re-pa).

ἐν δ' ἐτίθει μέλιτος καὶ ἀλείφατος ἀμφιφορῆας / πρὸς λέχεα κλίνων

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.170–171

1924 translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D.
And thereon he set two-handled jars of honey and oil, leaning them against the bier

en d' etíthei mélitos kaì aleíphatos amphiphorêas / pròs lékhea klínōn

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.408

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.87

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.94

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Diseases of Women 1.74

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 7.147


ἀκροβυστία

ἀκροβυστίᾱ • (akrobustíā) f (genitive ἀκροβυστίᾱς); first declension

ἀκροβυστίᾱ (canonical)
akrobustíā (romanization)
ἀκροβυστίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκροβυστῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκροβυστῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκροβυστῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκροβυστῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκροβυστῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀκροβυστῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκροβυστῐ́αι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: ακροβυστία f (akrovystía, “foreskin”)

The first element is ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost, outermost”). The second element is uncertain. Was traditionally thought to be βύω (búō, “to stuff, plug”), but this is almost certainly incorrect. The word could be an alternative form of ἀκροποσθία (akroposthía, “foreskin”), making the second element akin to πόσθη (pósthē, “penis, foreskin”). Could also be from a Semitic root, such as Hebrew בֹּשֶׁת (bōšeṯ, “shame”).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 17.11

280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Fragments 49

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 11:3

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 2:25

the state of having the foreskin, uncircumcision

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 2:26

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 3:30

(collectively) those who are not circumcised, the uncircumcised


αἰτία

grc-noun

αἰτῐ́ᾱ • (aitíā) f (genitive αἰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension

αἰτῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
aitíā (romanization)
αἰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αἰτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰτῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἰτῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰτῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰτῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰτῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰτῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν αἰτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰτῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰτῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
αἰτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
αἰτῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
αἰτῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: αιτία (aitía)

English: aetiology, etiology

Either a derivative of αἴτῐος (aítios, “causing; guilty”) or directly from unattested *αἶτος (*aîtos, “share”). In either case, from *h₂ey- (“to give”), whence also αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask”).

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 4

380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 503B

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, First Alcibiades 119A

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 984B.19

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 169A

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 435E

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On his Return 12

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 624A

charge, accusation, imputation, blame, guilt, fault

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.69

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.35

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 579

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1312

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 506

400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 38C

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 249D

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 99

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 565B

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.70–71

409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1404

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 67

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.8.6

400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 33B

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.3.16

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 3.139

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.60

400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 52A

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Olive Stump 1

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 150A

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Letters 2.2

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 332

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.106

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 656

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.26

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 28

330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 283

480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Second Tetralogy 2.4

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 21

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 640

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.88

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 194B.16

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 983A.26

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 97A

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 464B

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.87

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 8.29

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.11

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Tyrannicide 13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 75


ἐπίγνωσις

ἐπῐ́γνωσῐς • (epígnōsis) f (genitive ἐπῐγνώσεως); third declension

ἐπῐ́γνωσῐς (canonical)
epígnōsis (romanization)
ἐπῐγνώσεως (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐ́γνωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐγνώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐγνώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐγνώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐγνωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐγνώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐγνώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐγνωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐγνώσεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐγνώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs epignṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs epignṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐ́γνωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐγνώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐγνώσεις (accusative plural)
ἐπῐ́γνωσῐ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐγνώσει (dual vocative)
ἐπῐγνώσεις (plural vocative)

From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon”) + γνῶσῐς (gnôsis, “inquiry, knowledge”), or from ἐπιγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.7.6

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.31.4

170 CE – 240 CE, Herodian, History of the Empire from the Death of Marcus 7.6

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 10:2

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 1:28

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 5.1145A

examination, scrutiny
acquaintance, full knowledge


γονεύς

grc-noun

γονεύς • (goneús) m (genitive γονέως); third declension

goneús (romanization)
γονέως (genitive)
ὁ γονεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ γονῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ γονῆς (nominative plural)
γονεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ γονέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν γονέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γονέων (genitive plural)
τῷ γονεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν γονέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γονεῦσῐ (dative plural)
γονεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs goneûsi (dative plural)
toîs goneûsin (dative plural)
τὸν γονέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ γονῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γονέᾱς (accusative plural)
γονεῦ (singular vocative)
γονῆ (dual vocative)
γονῆς (plural vocative)
γονεῖς (plural vocative)

From o-grade of the root of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to be born”) + -εύς (-eús, “-er”, masculine agent noun suffix).

suffix

7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Demeter 240

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 235

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 6.27

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 178B

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.109

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 457D

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91

4th century BC, Isaeus, Ciron 32

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 722A.8

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 261


Ναζωραῖος

grc-noun

Ναζωραῖος • (Nazōraîos) m (genitive Ναζωραίου); second declension

Nazōraîos (romanization)
Ναζωραίου (genitive)
ὁ Ναζωραῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ναζωραίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ναζωραῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ναζωραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ναζωραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ναζωραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ναζωραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ναζωραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ναζωραίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ναζωραῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ναζωραίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ναζωραίους (accusative plural)
Ναζωραῖε (singular vocative)
Ναζωραίω (dual vocative)
Ναζωραῖοι (plural vocative)


νήπιος

νήπῐος • (nḗpios) m (genitive νηπῐ́ου); second declension

νήπῐος (canonical)
nḗpios (romanization)
νηπῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ νήπῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ νηπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ νήπῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ νηπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν νήπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ νηπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νηπῐ́ους (accusative plural)
νήπῐε (singular vocative)
νηπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
νήπῐοι (plural vocative)

The word is presumably the negative prefix νη-, but the stem is unclear. Strong's Greek Lexicon (1890) suggests νη- (nē-, negative prefix) + ἔπος (épos, “speech”), compare Latin infans (“infant”) from in- (not) + fāns (speaking). But a 2010 review by Beekes favors instead a derivation from ἤπιος, as suggested by Lacroix in 1937, with a possible PIE root *h2ep meaning 'join,' from which we would also have ἅπτω.

af

ὅτε ἤμην νήπιος, ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος, ἐφρόνουν ὡς νήπιος, ἐλογιζόμην ὡς νήπιος· ὅτε γέγονα ἀνήρ, κατήργηκα τὰ τοῦ νηπίου.

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 13:11

When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things (KJV)

hóte ḗmēn nḗpios, eláloun hōs nḗpios, ephrónoun hōs nḗpios, elogizómēn hōs nḗpios; hóte gégona anḗr, katḗrgēka tà toû nēpíou.


μοιχός

grc-noun

μοιχός • (moikhós) m (genitive μοιχοῦ); second declension

moikhós (romanization)
μοιχοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μοιχός (nominative singular)
τὼ μοιχώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μοιχοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μοιχοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μοιχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μοιχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μοιχῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μοιχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μοιχοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μοιχόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μοιχώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μοιχούς (accusative plural)
μοιχέ (singular vocative)
μοιχώ (dual vocative)
μοιχοί (plural vocative)

Possibly an agent noun of ὀμείχω (omeíkhō, “I urinate”), used as a vulgar expression.


φροντίς

φροντῐ́ς • (phrontís) f (genitive φροντῐ́δος); third declension

φροντῐ́ς (canonical)
phrontís (romanization)
φροντῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ φροντῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φροντῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ φροντῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς φροντῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φροντῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φροντῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ φροντῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φροντῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φροντῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
φροντῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs phrontísi (dative plural)
taîs phrontísin (dative plural)
τὴν φροντῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φροντῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φροντῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
φροντῐ́ς (singular vocative)
φροντῐ́δε (dual vocative)
φροντῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: φροντίδα (frontída)


μελέτη

μελέτη • (melétē) f (genitive μελέτης); first declension

melétē (romanization)
μελέτης (genitive)
ἡ μελέτη (nominative singular)
τὼ μελέτᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μελέται (nominative plural)
τῆς μελέτης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελετῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελέταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελέταις (dative plural)
τὴν μελέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ μελέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελέτᾱς (accusative plural)
μελέτη (singular vocative)
μελέτᾱ (dual vocative)
μελέται (plural vocative)


ἀστραπή

ἀστρᾰπή • (astrapḗ) f (genitive ἀστρᾰπῆς); first declension

ἀστρᾰπή (canonical)
astrapḗ (romanization)
ἀστρᾰπῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀστραπή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀστραπᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀστραπαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀστραπῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀστραπαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀστραπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀστραπῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀστραπαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀστραπαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀστραπήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀστραπᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀστραπᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀστραπή (singular vocative)
ἀστραπᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀστραπαί (plural vocative)

Greek: αστραπή (astrapí)

ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”) + ὀπή (opḗ, “sight, hole”)


ἀλοιφή

grc-noun

ᾰ̓λοιφή • (aloiphḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓λοιφῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓λοιφή (canonical)
aloiphḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓λοιφῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓λοιφή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓λοιφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓λοιφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λοιφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λοιφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓λοιφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λοιφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓λοιφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓λοιφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λοιφή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λοιφαί (plural vocative)

From ᾰ̓λείφω (aleíphō, “anoint”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).


Σαμαρίτης

grc-noun

Σᾰμᾰρῑ́της • (Samarī́tēs) m (genitive Σᾰμᾰρῑ́του); first declension

Σᾰμᾰρῑ́της (canonical)
Samarī́tēs (romanization)
Σᾰμᾰρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ Σᾰμᾰρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ Σᾰμᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ Σᾰμᾰρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ Σᾰμᾰρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν Σᾰμᾰρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Σᾰμᾰρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Σᾰμᾰρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν Σᾰμᾰρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Σᾰμᾰρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν Σᾰμᾰρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ Σᾰμᾰρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Σᾰμᾰρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
Σᾰμᾰρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
Σᾰμᾰρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
Σᾰμᾰρῖται (plural vocative)

From Σᾰμᾰ́ρειᾰ (Samáreia) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).

af

Σᾰμᾰ́ρειᾰ (Samáreia) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)


εἴσοδος

grc-noun

εἴσοδος • (eísodos) f (genitive εἰσόδου); second declension

eísodos (romanization)
εἰσόδου (genitive)
ἡ εἴσοδος (nominative singular)
τὼ εἰσόδω (dual nominative)
αἱ εἴσοδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰσόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εἰσόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εἰσόδων (genitive plural)
τῇ εἰσόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εἰσόδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εἰσόδοις (dative plural)
τὴν εἴσοδον (accusative singular)
τὼ εἰσόδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εἰσόδους (accusative plural)
εἴσοδε (singular vocative)
εἰσόδω (dual vocative)
εἴσοδοι (plural vocative)

Greek: είσοδος f (eísodos, “way in”)

From εἰσ- (eis-, “into”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”).

affix

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.90

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.9

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 104

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.176

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 326

414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 296

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 63.2

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 5.116

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 6.50

400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 45E

entrance into the lists to contend in the games

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.118

an act of going in, entrance
a right or privilege of entrance

425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 930

425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 952

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Murder of Eratosthenes 20

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 16.523

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.4.7

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 30

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 6.13.1


ἄμπελος

grc-noun

ἄμπελος • (ámpelos) f (genitive ἀμπέλου); second declension

ámpelos (romanization)
ἀμπέλου (genitive)
ἡ ἄμπελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄμπελοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀμπέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμπέλων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀμπέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄμπελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀμπέλους (accusative plural)
ἄμπελε (singular vocative)
ἀμπέλω (dual vocative)
ἄμπελοι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̓ ἄμπελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (dual nominative)
αἰ ἄμπελοι (nominative plural)
τᾶς ἀμπέλω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ἀμπέλων (genitive plural)
τᾶ ἀμπέλω (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀμπέλοισῐν (dative plural)
taîs ampéloisi (dative plural)
taîs ampéloisin (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ἄμπελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (accusative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοις (accusative plural)
ἄμπελε (singular vocative)
ἀμπέλω (dual vocative)
ἄμπελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άμπελος (ámpelos)

→ Latin: ampelos

Difficult to explain as an inherited Indo-European word and usually considered to be a Pre-Greek/substrate word. Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple”).

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.181

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.17.4

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.110

620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 44

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.4.11

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.2

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 9.52

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 11.32

100 CE – 200 CE, Apollodorus of Damascus, Siege Engines 141.7

an engine for protecting besiegers, mantlet


δοκός

δοκός • (dokós) m or f (genitive δοκοῦ); second declension

dokós (romanization)
δοκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δοκός (nominative singular)
τὼ δοκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ δοκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δοκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δοκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δοκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δοκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ δοκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δοκούς (accusative plural)
δοκέ (singular vocative)
δοκώ (dual vocative)
δοκοί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: δοκός (dokós) (learned)

From δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to accept, receive”) + -ός (-ós).

af

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.176

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1496

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.744

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.112

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 201

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 7:3–4

the main beam, especially in a house
beam

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 2.96

490 CE – 600 CE, John the Lydian, De Ostentis 10B


Αἰγύπτιος

grc-noun

Αἰγύπτιος • (Aigúptios) m (genitive Αἰγυπτῐ́ου); second declension

Aigúptios (romanization)
Αἰγυπτῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ Αἰγύπτῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ Αἰγυπτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ Αἰγύπτῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Αἰγυπτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Αἰγυπτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Αἰγυπτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ Αἰγυπτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Αἰγυπτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Αἰγυπτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν Αἰγύπτῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ Αἰγυπτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Αἰγυπτῐ́ους (accusative plural)
Αἰγύπτῐε (singular vocative)
Αἰγυπτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
Αἰγύπτῐοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Coptic: ⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲥ (guptios)
→ Arabic: قِبْط (qibṭ), قُبْط (qubṭ)
→ French: Copte
→ English: Copt
→ Spanish: copto
→ Egyptian Arabic: كوفتس (kuftis)

→ Italian: ghezzo

→ Latin: aegyptius (see there for further descendants)

From Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos, “Egypt”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (ai-ku-pi-ti-jo).


Κυρηναῖος

grc-noun

Κῡρηναῖος • (Kūrēnaîos) m (genitive Κῡρηναίου); second declension

Κῡρηναῖος (canonical)
Kūrēnaîos (romanization)
Κῡρηναίου (genitive)
ὁ Κῡρηναῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Κῡρηναίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Κῡρηναῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Κῡρηναίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Κῡρηναίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Κῡρηναίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Κῡρηναίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Κῡρηναίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Κῡρηναίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Κῡρηναῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Κῡρηναίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Κῡρηναίους (accusative plural)
Κῡρηναῖε (singular vocative)
Κῡρηναίω (dual vocative)
Κῡρηναῖοι (plural vocative)

From Κῡρήνη (Kūrḗnē, “Cyrene”) + -ῐος (-ios, “-y: forming demonyms”), q.v.


ἀγαλλίασις

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐς

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σεως

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐς • (agallíāsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σεως); third declension

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐς (canonical)
agallíāsis (romanization)
ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σεως (genitive singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σει (dative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐν (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐ́ᾱσῐς

ᾰ̓γᾰλλῐᾱ́σεως

Greek: αγαλλίαση (agallíasi)

From ἀγαλλιάω (agalliáō), form of ἀγάλλω (agállō, “to rejoice”) + -σις (-sis).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Isaiah 51.11

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 1:14

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 1:44

300 BCE – 1 BCE, Book of Enoch 5.9


ἀγαθοποιΐα

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιΐᾱς

ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιΐᾱ • (agathopoiḯā) f (genitive ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιΐᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιΐᾱ (canonical)
agathopoiḯā (romanization)
ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιΐᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈ῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱ

ᾰ̓γᾰθοποιῐ̈́ᾱς

From ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”) + ποιέω (poiéō, “to do”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).


ἀγέλη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γέλη • (agélē) f (genitive ᾰ̓γέλης); first declension

ᾰ̓γέλη (canonical)
agélē (romanization)
ᾰ̓γέλης (genitive)
ἡ ἀγέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγέλᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀγέλη (singular vocative)
ἀγέλᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀγέλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: αγέλη (agéli)

Coptic: ⲁⲅⲉⲗⲏ (agelē)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.281

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.678

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 168

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 112

405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 1022

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 168

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 106

Oppian, Halieutica 3.639

416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1276

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 451C

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 570A.27

(any group, of people or animals) company, shoal

400 BCE – 330 BCE, Ephorus, Universal History 64

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lycurgus 16

Heraclides, On Politics 15

at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage


ἀγαθωσύνη

ἀγαθωσύνη • (agathōsúnē) f (genitive ἀγαθωσύνης); first declension

agathōsúnē (romanization)
ἀγαθωσύνης (genitive)
ἡ ἀγαθωσύνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγαθωσύνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγαθωσύναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγαθωσύνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγαθωσύναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγαθωσυνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγαθωσύνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγαθωσύναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγαθωσύναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγαθωσύνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγαθωσύνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγαθωσύνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀγαθωσύνη (singular vocative)
ἀγαθωσύνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀγαθωσύναι (plural vocative)

From ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”) + -σύνη (-súnē, abstract noun suffix).

suffix

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 15:14

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Judges 9.16

New Testament, Epistle to the Ephesians 5:9


ἁγιωσύνη

grc-noun

ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νη • (hagiōsúnē) f (genitive ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νης); first declension

ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νη (canonical)
hagiōsúnē (romanization)
ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νη (nominative singular)
τῆς ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νης (genitive singular)
τῇ ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νῃ (dative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νην (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νη (singular vocative)

From ἅγιος (hágios, “holy, sacred”) + -σύνη (-súnē).

suffix

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Maccabees 3.12

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 1:4


ἁγιότης

grc-noun

ᾰ̔γῐότης • (hagiótēs) f (genitive ᾰ̔γῐότητος); third declension

ᾰ̔γῐότης (canonical)
hagiótēs (romanization)
ᾰ̔γῐότητος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔γῐότης (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔γῐότητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̔γῐότητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔γῐότητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔γῐοτήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔γῐοτήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔γῐότητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔γῐοτήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̔γῐότησῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔γῐότησῐν (dative plural)
taîs hagiótēsi (dative plural)
taîs hagiótēsin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔γῐότητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔γῐότητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔γῐότητᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔γῐότης (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔γῐότητε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔γῐότητες (plural vocative)

From ἅγῐος (hágios, “holy”) + -της (-tēs).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Maccabees 15.2

New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 12:10


φονεύς

φονεύς • (phoneús) m (genitive φονέως); third declension

phoneús (romanization)
φονέως (genitive)
ὁ φονεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ φονῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ φονῆς (nominative plural)
φονεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ φονέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν φονέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φονέων (genitive plural)
τῷ φονεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν φονέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φονεῦσῐ (dative plural)
φονεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phoneûsi (dative plural)
toîs phoneûsin (dative plural)
τὸν φονέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ φονῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φονέᾱς (accusative plural)
φονεῦ (singular vocative)
φονῆ (dual vocative)
φονῆς (plural vocative)
φονεῖς (plural vocative)

From φόνος (phónos), the o-grade of θείνω (theínō, “kill”), + -εύς (-eús, masculine agentive suffix).


ἄγκιστρον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́γκῐστρον • (ánkistron) n (genitive ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́γκῐστρον (canonical)
ánkistron (romanization)
ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκῐστρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκῐστρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκῐ́στροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκῐ́στροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γκῐ́στροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́γκῐστρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γκῐστρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γκῐστρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γκῐ́στρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γκῐστρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άγκιστρο (ágkistro)

From ἄγκος (ánkos, “bend”) + -τρον (-tron).

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.369

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.70

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 616C

200 CE – 400 CE, Philumenus, On Poisonous Animals and Their Remedies 2.6

400 CE – 500 CE, Caelius Aurelianus, Chronic Diseases 5.1

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 60.35


ἀγκάλη

ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λη • (ankálē) f (genitive ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λης); first declension

ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λη (canonical)
ankálē (romanization)
ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γκᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γκᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: αγκάλη (agkáli)

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 723

470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 481

438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 351

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.50

413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 289

408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 464

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 761

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1250

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 962

425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 747

600 BCE – 300 BCE, Corinna, Collected Works 19

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.61

400 BCE – 300 BCE, Timocles, Collected Works 7.4

680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, Collected Works 23

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1019

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 587

408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1378

400 BCE – 300 BCE, Nausicrates, Collected Works 1.3

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 941

(figuratively) anything closely enfolding


ἁγνισμός

ᾰ̔γνῐσμός • (hagnismós) m (genitive ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̔γνῐσμός (canonical)
hagnismós (romanization)
ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̔γνῐσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔γνῐσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̔γνῐσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔γνῐσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔γνῐσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̔γνῐσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔γνῐσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̔γνῐσμούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔γνῐσμέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔γνῐσμώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔γνῐσμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αγνισμός (agnismós)

From ἁγνίζω (hagnízō, “to purify, cleanse”) + -μός (-mós).

af

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 3.22

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Numbers 6.5


ἁγνότης

grc-noun

ἁγνότης • (hagnótēs) f (genitive ἁγνότητος); third declension

hagnótēs (romanization)
ἁγνότητος (genitive)
ἡ ἁγνότης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁγνότητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἁγνότητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁγνότητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁγνοτήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁγνοτήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁγνότητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁγνοτήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁγνότησῐ (dative plural)
ἁγνότησῐν (dative plural)
taîs hagnótēsi (dative plural)
taîs hagnótēsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἁγνότητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁγνότητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁγνότητᾰς (accusative plural)
ἁγνότης (singular vocative)
ἁγνότητε (dual vocative)
ἁγνότητες (plural vocative)

From ἁγνός (hagnós, “sacred, pure”) + -της (-tēs, abstract noun suffix). Cognate with Sanskrit यज्ञतति (yajñatati, “performance of a sacrifice”).

cog

55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 6:5


ἀγνωσία

grc-noun

ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ • (agnōsíā) f (genitive ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
agnōsíā (romanization)
ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγνωσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγνωσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγνωσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγνωσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγνωσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγνωσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀγνωσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: agnòsia

→ English: agnosia

→ German: Agnosie

From ἀγνώς (agnṓs, “unknown, ignorant”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 9

150 BCE – 50 BCE, Demetrius Lacon, Herculaneum papyri 1055.15

431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1204

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 205

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.66

360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 267B

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon 13.1

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 15:34

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Menexenus 238D


εὐεργέτης

grc-noun

εὐεργέτης • (euergétēs) m (genitive εὐεργέτου); first declension

euergétēs (romanization)
εὐεργέτου (genitive)
ὁ εὐεργέτης (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐεργέτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ εὐεργέται (nominative plural)
τοῦ εὐεργέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐεργέταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐεργετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ εὐεργέτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐεργέταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εὐεργέταις (dative plural)
τὸν εὐεργέτην (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐεργέτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς εὐεργέτᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐεργέτᾰ (singular vocative)
εὐεργέτᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐεργέται (plural vocative)

→ French: évergète

Greek: ευεργέτης (evergétis)

From εὐ- (eu-, “well”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).

affix

For quotations using this term, see Citations:εὐεργέτης.

A benefactor, euergetist (sometimes as honorary title)


ἀγνόημα

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γνόημᾰ • (agnóēma) n (genitive ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτος); third declension

ᾰ̓γνόημᾰ (canonical)
agnóēma (romanization)
ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓γνόημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γνοημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γνοημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γνοημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs agnoḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs agnoḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓γνόημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γνόημᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γνοήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἀγνοέω (agnoéō, “to not know”) + -μα (-ma).

suffix

485 BCE – 380 BCE, Gorgias, Encomium of Helen 19

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.4.8

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.1

190 BCE – 120 BCE, Hipparchus, Collected Works 1.3.11

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Tobit 3.3

New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 9:7

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 7.2.4

458 CE – 538 CE, Damascius, Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles 7


κέραμος

grc-noun

κέρᾰμος • (kéramos) m (genitive κερᾰ́μου); second declension

κέρᾰμος (canonical)
kéramos (romanization)
κερᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κέρᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
κέρᾰμε (singular vocative)
κερᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κέρᾰμοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Has long been compared to κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”), but could also be related to Latin cremō, Proto-West Germanic *herþ (English hearth), or Sanskrit कूडयति (kūḍayati, “to burn, scorch”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek or Anatolian origin.
Related is κερᾰμεύς (kerameús, “potter”), which has a cognate in Mycenaean Greek 𐀐𐀨𐀕𐀄 (ke-ra-me-u /kerameus/) of the same meaning.

cog

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 60D

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 384B.19

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 380B.8

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 383A.21

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.469

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.96

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 902

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Girl from Samos 75

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.6

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.88

375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis, The Fugitive 1.3

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1295

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1127

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.4

5th century BC, Pherecrates, Fragmenta 130.6

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 3.44

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 8.26

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 9.824


γλαῦκα

head

γλαῦκᾰ • (glaûka)

γλαῦκᾰ (canonical)
glaûka (romanization)


ἄγρα

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́γρᾱ • (ágrā) f (genitive ᾰ̓́γρᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (canonical)
ágrā (romanization)
ᾰ̓́γρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́γραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́γρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́γραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́γρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́γραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́γραις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́γρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́γρᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γρᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γραι (plural vocative)

Greek: άγρα (ágra)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵreh₂ (“hunt”), cognate with Old Irish ár (“slaughter”) (< Proto-Celtic *agrom) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaⁱδī, “hunt”). See ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) for the root.

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.330

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.306

423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 885

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 823E

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 880

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 3.81

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.70

a catching, hunting, chase
a way of catching

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 442

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 148

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 64

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 517

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.73

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 5:9

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 322

that which is taken in hunting, quarry, prey, catch


πολιτείας

grc-noun form

πολῑτείᾱς • (polīteíās)

πολῑτείᾱς (canonical)
polīteíās (romanization)

inflection of πολῑτείᾱ (polīteíā):
genitive singular

inflection of πολῑτείᾱ (polīteíā):
accusative plural


γλαύξ

grc-noun

γλαύξ • (glaúx) f (genitive γλαυκός); third declension


συλλήψεως

grc-noun form

συλλήψεως • (sullḗpseōs)

genitive singular of σύλληψις (súllēpsis)


συλλήψεων

συλλήψεων • (sullḗpseōn)


συλλήψεις

συλλήψεις • (sullḗpseis)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of σύλληψις (súllēpsis)


ἀγρυπνία

grc-noun

ἀγρυπνίᾱ • (agrupníā) f (genitive ἀγρυπνίᾱς); first declension

ἀγρυπνίᾱ (canonical)
agrupníā (romanization)
ἀγρυπνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀγρυπνίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγρυπνίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγρυπνίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγρυπνίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγρυπνίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγρυπνιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγρυπνίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγρυπνίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγρυπνίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγρυπνίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγρυπνίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγρυπνίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀγρυπνίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀγρυπνίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀγρυπνίαι (plural vocative)

→ English: agrypnia

→ Translingual: Agrypnia

From ἄγρυπνος (ágrupnos, “sleepless, wakeful”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 2.3

400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43B

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Regimen in Acute Diseases 42

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.129

425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 27

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 460D

100 BCE – 1 BCE, Plato, Axiochus 368B

482 CE – 565 CE, Justinian, New Constitutions 13


φώρ

grc-noun

φώρ • (phṓr) m (genitive φωρός); third declension

phṓr (romanization)
φωρός (genitive)
ὁ φώρ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῶρε (dual nominative)
οἱ φῶρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φωρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φωροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φωρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φωροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φωρσῐ́ (dative plural)
φωρσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs phōrsí (dative plural)
toîs phōrsín (dative plural)
τὸν φῶρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῶρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
φώρ (singular vocative)
φῶρε (dual vocative)
φῶρες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰṓr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰṓr, from the root *bʰer- (“to carry”) (see φέρω (phérō)). Cognate with Latin fūr.


ἄσκησις

ἄσκησις • (áskēsis) f (genitive ἀσκήσεως); third declension

áskēsis (romanization)
ἀσκήσεως (genitive)
ἡ ἄσκησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀσκήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀσκήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀσκήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀσκήσεσῐ (dative plural)
ἀσκήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs askḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs askḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἄσκησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀσκήσεις (accusative plural)
ἄσκησῐ (singular vocative)
ἀσκήσει (dual vocative)
ἀσκήσεις (plural vocative)

English: ascesis

French: ascèse

Greek: άσκηση (áskisi)

Latin: ascesis

Polish: asceza

From ἀσκέω (askéō, “I train”) + -σις (-sis).


ἀνάπτυξις

ἀνάπτυξις • (anáptuxis) f (genitive ἀναπτύξεως); third declension

anáptuxis (romanization)
ἀναπτύξεως (genitive)
ἡ ἀνάπτυξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀναπτύξει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀναπτύξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀναπτύξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀναπτυξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀναπτύξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀναπτύξει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀναπτυξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀναπτύξεσῐ (dative plural)
ἀναπτύξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs anaptúxesi (dative plural)
taîs anaptúxesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνάπτυξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀναπτύξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀναπτύξεις (accusative plural)
ἀνάπτυξῐ (singular vocative)
ἀναπτύξει (dual vocative)
ἀναπτύξεις (plural vocative)

→ English: anaptyxis

→ French: anaptyxe

Greek: ανάπτυξη (anáptyxi)

From ἀναπτύσσω (anaptússō, “I unfold”) + -σις (-sis).


τμῆσις

grc-noun

τμῆσῐς • (tmêsis) f (genitive τμήσεως); third declension

τμῆσῐς (canonical)
tmêsis (romanization)
τμήσεως (genitive)
ἡ τμῆσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τμήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ τμήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τμήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τμησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τμήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τμήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν τμησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τμήσεσῐ (dative plural)
τμήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs tmḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs tmḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν τμῆσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τμήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τμήσεις (accusative plural)
τμῆσῐ (singular vocative)
τμήσει (dual vocative)
τμήσεις (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: тмезис (tmezis)

→ Finnish: tmeesi

Greek: τμήση (tmísi)

→ Latin: tmēsis

→ Dutch: tmesis

→ English: tmesis

→ French: tmèse

→ German: Tmesis

→ Italian: tmesi

→ Portuguese: tmese

→ Spanish: tmesis

→ Polish: tmeza

→ Russian: тме́зис (tmézis)

→ Serbo-Croatian: тмеза / tmeza

From the root of τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”) + -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix).


κύπρος

grc-noun

κῠ́προς • (kúpros) f (genitive κῠ́πρου); second declension

κῠ́προς (canonical)
kúpros (romanization)
κῠ́πρου (genitive)
ἡ κῠ́προς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́πρω (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠ́προι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠ́πρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠ́προιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́πρων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠ́πρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠ́προιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠ́προις (dative plural)
τὴν κῠ́προν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́πρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́πρους (accusative plural)
κῠ́πρε (singular vocative)
κῠ́πρω (dual vocative)
κῠ́προι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cyprus
→ Middle English: cipre

Identical to Hebrew כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר (kōp̱er, “pitch, tar; henna”), Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܟܘܦܪܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; henna”), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎔𐎗 (kpr, “henna”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀞𐀫 (ku-pa-ro, debatable plant), Coptic ⲕⲟⲩⲡⲣ (koupr, “henna”), Demotic qwpr (“henna”), Egyptian qwpr (a given name), Dongolawi kofrē (“henna”), all ultimately from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”) from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear, to daub on”).

cog

כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר

Aramaic כּוּפְרָא

der

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


βαλαντίδιον

grc-noun

βαλαντίδῐον • (balantídion) n (genitive βαλαντιδίου); second declension

βαλαντίδῐον (canonical)
balantídion (romanization)
βαλαντιδίου (genitive)
τὸ βαλαντίδῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βαλαντιδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βαλαντίδῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαλαντιδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαλαντιδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαλαντιδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βαλαντιδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαλαντιδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαλαντιδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βαλαντίδῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαλαντιδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βαλαντίδῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βαλαντίδῐον (singular vocative)
βαλαντιδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βαλαντίδῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Καὶ ὃς ὑπὸ μάλης βαλαντίδιον ἔχων προκομίσας ἐπεδείκνυε λίθων πολυτίμων ὑπερφυές τι χρῆμα

(Can we date this quote?), Heliodorus of Emesa, “2.3.3”, in Aethiopica:

Kaì hòs hupò málēs balantídion ékhōn prokomísas epedeíknue líthōn polutímōn huperphués ti khrêma


συμφορά

σῠμφορᾱ́ • (sumphorā́) f (genitive σῠμφορᾶς); first declension

σῠμφορᾱ́ (canonical)
sumphorā́ (romanization)
σῠμφορᾶς (genitive)
ἡ σῠμφορᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμφορᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠμφοραί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠμφορᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμφοραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμφορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠμφορᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμφοραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠμφοραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῠμφορᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμφορᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠμφορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῠμφορᾱ́ (singular vocative)
σῠμφορᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῠμφοραί (plural vocative)

→ Greek: συμφορά (symforá) (learned)

From σῠμφέρω (sumphérō, “to occur”) + -η (-ē).

affix

90 CE – 144 CE, Polemon of Laodicea, Cynaegirus 24

1 CE – 100 CE, Aretaeus, De Causis et Signis Diuturnorum Morborum 2.11

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 44

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Lexiphanes 6

a bringing together, collecting, contribution

600 BCE – 500 BCE, Hipponax, Collected Works 49.4

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.41

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.190

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.77

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 445

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1179

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 436

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.87

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.64

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.42

480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Second Tetralogy 2.8

409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 885

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.88

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.122

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1.37

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 99

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 86

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.27

436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 58

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 854D

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 934B

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.83

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.79

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.35

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.216

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 7.4

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 11.9

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 84E

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 406

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 68

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 253

361 BCE – 291 BCE, Dinarchus, Collected Works 1.65

an event, circumstance, chance
mishap, mischance, misfortune

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 24

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1230

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1064

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 1031

438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 1155

412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 457

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 655

(rarely in a good sense) good luck, happy issue

an event, circumstance, chance
good luck, happy issue

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.32

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.49

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 1020

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 33

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1145

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1204

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 536

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.140


κόσμου

grc-noun form

κόσμου • (kósmou)


κόσμους

κόσμους • (kósmous)


κόσμων

κόσμων • (kósmōn)


κόσμε

κόσμε • (kósme)


ψηφίσματα

ψηφῐ́σμᾰτᾰ • (psēphísmata) n

ψηφῐ́σμᾰτᾰ (canonical)
psēphísmata (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ψήφῐσμᾰ (psḗphisma)


ψηφισμάτων

ψηφῐσμᾰ́των • (psēphismátōn) n

ψηφῐσμᾰ́των (canonical)
psēphismátōn (romanization)


νήσου

head

νήσου • (nḗsou)


νήσους

νήσους • (nḗsous)


νήσων

νήσων • (nḗsōn)


οἰνοχόος

grc-noun

οἰνοχόος • (oinokhóos) m (genitive οἰνοχόου); second declension

oinokhóos (romanization)
οἰνοχόου (genitive)

Greek: οινοχόος m (oinochóos)

Latin: oenochoos m

From οἶνος (oînos, “wine”) + χέω (khéō, “to pour”).


ζήτημα

grc-noun

ζήτημᾰ • (zḗtēma) n (genitive ζητήμᾰτος); third declension

ζήτημᾰ (canonical)
zḗtēma (romanization)
ζητήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ζήτημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζητήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζητήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζητήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζητημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζητημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ζητήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζητημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζητήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ζητήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs zētḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs zētḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ζήτημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ζητήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζητήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ζήτημᾰ (singular vocative)
ζητήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ζητήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

(in the plural) claims, subjects of dispute


γείτων

γείτων • (geítōn) m or f (genitive γείτονος); third declension

geítōn (romanization)
γείτονος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ γείτων (nominative singular)
τὼ γείτονε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ γείτονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς γείτονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γειτόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γειτόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ γείτονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γειτόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς γείτοσῐ (dative plural)
γείτοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs geítosi (dative plural)
taîs geítosin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν γείτονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γείτονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γείτονᾰς (accusative plural)
γεῖτον (singular vocative)
γείτονε (dual vocative)
γείτονες (plural vocative)

Greek: γείτονας (geítonas)

Beekes does not propose an etymology, and leaves its origin open, though notes that the seemingly-old ablaut in the suffix -των (-tōn) suggests ultimate Indo-European origin. In either case, not related to γεῖσον (geîson, “projecting part of a roof, cornice”).


ὀξυτόνησις

ὀξυτόνησις • (oxutónēsis) f (genitive ὀξυτονήσεως); third declension

oxutónēsis (romanization)
ὀξυτονήσεως (genitive)
ἡ ὀξῠτόνησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠτονήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξῠτονήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξῠτονήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠτονησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξῠτονήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξῠτονήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠτονησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξῠτονήσεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀξῠτονήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs oxutonḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs oxutonḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξῠτόνησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠτονήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξῠτονήσεις (accusative plural)
ὀξῠτόνησῐ (singular vocative)
ὀξῠτονήσει (dual vocative)
ὀξῠτονήσεις (plural vocative)

English: oxytonesis


οὐσία

οὐσίᾱ • (ousíā) f (genitive οὐσίᾱς); first declension

οὐσίᾱ (canonical)
ousíā (romanization)
οὐσίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ οὐσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οὐσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς οὐσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οὐσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οὐσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν οὐσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οὐσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
οὐσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
οὐσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
οὐσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ουσία (ousía)

→ Arabic: أُوسِيَّة (ʔūsiyya)

From ὤν, οὖσᾰ, ὄν (ṓn, oûsa, ón, “being”), the present participle of εἰμῐ́ (eimí) (“to be”), + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 911

416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 337

412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 1253

391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 729

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Confiscation of the Property of the Brother of Nicias 17

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 551B

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 74

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Refusal of a Pension 11

342 BCE – 291 BCE, Diphilus, Collected Works 32.7

Anaxipp. 1.32

440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 118

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Diogeiton 4

that which is one's own, one's substance, property

399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 11A

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1003B.7

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 83A.24

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 643A.27

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Soul 402A.8

(philosophy) Synonym of φύσις (phúsis) stable being, immutable reality

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 65D

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 92D

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 90B.30

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 509B

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 245E

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1017B.22

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1031A.1

true nature of that which is a member of a kind

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 509B

the possession of such a nature, substantiality

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 208

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 298A.29

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1017B.10

350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 298B.3

360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 246A

(in the concrete) the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 1B.26

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1045B.29

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 2B.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 2A.15

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1035B.29

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1043A.30

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Soul 412A.16

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1037A.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Soul 412A.19

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1035B.15

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 87A.36

(logic) substance as the leading category

c. 334 BCE – c. 262 BCE, Zeno of Citium, Stoic 1.24

Polystr. 12

204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 2.4.5

204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 2.6.1

204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 4.7.8

204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 6.1.2

(various uses after Plato and Aristotle)

Theol., Ar. 6

470 BCE – 385 BCE, Philolaus, Collected Works 11

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 359A–B

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 646A.25

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 6.1.1

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 29C

360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 232C

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 966E

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 641B.32

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 185C

φύσις

Aet. 15.15.45

498 CE – 518 CE, Zosimus, Alch. 168B

(in magic) a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent


λίθοι

λῐ́θοι (canonical)
líthoi (romanization)

inflection of λῐ́θος (líthos):
nominative plural

inflection of λῐ́θος (líthos):
vocative plural


θόρυβος

θόρῠβος • (thórubos) m (genitive θορῠ́βου); second declension

θόρῠβος (canonical)
thórubos (romanization)
θορῠ́βου (genitive)
ὁ θόρῠβος (nominative singular)
τὼ θορῠ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ θόρῠβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θορῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θορῠ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θορῠ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ θορῠ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θορῠ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θορῠ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν θόρῠβον (accusative singular)
τὼ θορῠ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θορῠ́βους (accusative plural)
θόρῠβε (singular vocative)
θορῠ́βω (dual vocative)
θόρῠβοι (plural vocative)

A formation like ὄτοβος (ótobos), κόναβος (kónabos) and φλοῖσβος (phloîsbos), likely from the same root as a reduplicated form τονθορύζω (tonthorúzō, “to mumble”), as well as θρῦλος (thrûlos, “murmur”). The phonetic variations between the words suggest a Pre-Greek origin, according to Beekes.

ἦν δὲ θόρυβος πολὺς καὶ ἐκπληκτικός

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.92.7

τίς αὖ παρ’ ἄντροις θόρυβος ἵσταται βοῆς;

1932 translation by Sir Richard C. Jebb
What is this sound of shouting near my cave?

tís aû par’ ántrois thórubos hístatai boês?

ἦν δ’ ἂν ἡ πόλις πλέα / θορύβου στρατιωτῶν

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 546

the city would be full of the noise of soldiers

ên d’ àn hē pólis pléa / thorúbou stratiōtôn

310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Aetia Oxy..2079.30

noise, especially of a crowd of people: uproar, clamor

ἡ δὲ Αἰγιναίη, τῆς ἐτριηράρχεε Ἀσωνίδης, καὶ τινά σφι θόρυβον παρέσχε

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.181.1

The Aeginetan trireme, of which Asonides was captain, did however give them some trouble.

hē dè Aiginaíē, tês etriērárkhee Asōnídēs, kaì tiná sphi thórubon paréskhe

οἱ Ἀμφιπολῖται ἐς θόρυβον μέγαν κατέστησαν

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.104

The people of Amphipolis were put into great confusion

hoi Amphipolîtai es thórubon mégan katéstēsan


σύμβολον

σῠ́μβολον • (súmbolon) n (genitive σῠμβόλου); second declension

σῠ́μβολον (canonical)
súmbolon (romanization)
σῠμβόλου (genitive)
τὸ σῠ́μβολον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμβόλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́μβολᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠμβόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμβόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμβόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠμβόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμβόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠμβόλοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῠ́μβολον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμβόλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́μβολᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠ́μβολον (singular vocative)
σῠμβόλω (dual vocative)
σῠ́μβολᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: σύμβολο (sýmvolo) (learned)

→ Latin: symbolum (see there for further descendants)

from σῠμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

affix

a sign or token by which one infers a thing

a pledge or pawn, on which money was advanced

a permit or licence to reside, given to aliens

(biblical, Ecclesiastes) the distinctive mark of Christians, a confession of faith, a creed

(law, in the plural) covenants between two states for protection of commerce


μέτρου

head

μέτρου • (métrou) n


μέτρων

μέτρων • (métrōn)


μέτρα

μέτρᾰ • (métra)


βάρβιτον

grc-noun

βάρβιτον • (bárbiton) n (genitive βαρβίτου); second declension

bárbiton (romanization)
βαρβίτου (genitive)
τὸ βάρβιτον (nominative singular)
τὼ βαρβίτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βάρβιτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαρβίτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαρβίτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαρβίτων (genitive plural)
τῷ βαρβίτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαρβίτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαρβίτοις (dative plural)
τὸ βάρβιτον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαρβίτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βάρβιτᾰ (accusative plural)
βάρβιτον (singular vocative)
βαρβίτω (dual vocative)
βάρβιτᾰ (plural vocative)

(Koine, music) Synonym of βάρβιτος (bárbitos)


βάρβιτον

head

βάρβιτον • (bárbiton)

accusative singular of βάρβιτος (bárbitos)


βάρβιτος

grc-noun

βάρβῐτος • (bárbitos) m or f (genitive βαρβῐ́του); second declension

βάρβῐτος (canonical)
bárbitos (romanization)
βαρβῐ́του (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ βάρβῐτος (nominative singular)
τὼ βαρβῐ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ βάρβῐτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς βαρβῐ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαρβῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαρβῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ βαρβῐ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαρβῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς βαρβῐ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν βάρβῐτον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαρβῐ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς βαρβῐ́τους (accusative plural)
βάρβῐτε (singular vocative)
βαρβῐ́τω (dual vocative)
βάρβῐτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βάρβιτος (várvitos)

→ Classical Syriac: ܒܪܒܝܛܐ (barbīṭā)

→ Latin: barbitos

→ English: barbitos, barbiton

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (blbwt' /barbut, barbat/, “barbat, lute”) (possibly)

→ Chinese: 琵琶 (pípá)

Persian: بربت (barbat), بربط (barbat)

Tajik: барбат (barbat)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بربط (berbatt)

→ Arabic: بربط (barbuṭ, barbaṭ, barbiṭ)

→ Georgian: ბარბითი (barbiti)

→ Middle Armenian: բարբուտ (barbut), բարբութ (barbutʻ)


βαρβίτου

head

βαρβίτου • (barbítou)

genitive singular of βάρβιτος (bárbitos)

genitive singular of βάρβιτον (bárbiton)


ἐντελέχεια

grc-noun

ἐντελέχειᾰ • (entelékheia) f (genitive ἐντελεχείᾱς); first declension

ἐντελέχειᾰ (canonical)
entelékheia (romanization)
ἐντελεχείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐντελέχειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐντελεχείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐντελέχειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐντελεχείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐντελεχείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐντελεχειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐντελεχείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐντελεχείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐντελεχείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐντελέχειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐντελεχείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐντελεχείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐντελέχειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐντελεχείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐντελέχειαι (plural vocative)

→ Azerbaijani: entelexiya

→ Basque: entelekia

→ Catalan: entelèquia

→ Czech: entelechie

→ Danish: enteleki

→ Dutch: entelechie

→ English: entelechy

→ Esperanto: entelekio

→ Estonian: entelehhia

→ Finnish: entelekia

→ French: entéléchie

→ German: Entelechie

Greek: εντελέχεια (entelécheia)

→ Italian: entelechia

→ Polish: entelechia

→ Portuguese: entelequia

→ Romanian: entelehie

→ Russian: энтеле́хия f (enteléxija)

→ Slovak: entelechia

→ Spanish: entelequia

→ Swedish: enteleki

→ Ukrainian: ентелехія (entelexija)

Coined by Aristotle from ἐντελής (entelḗs, “complete, full, accomplished”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “have, hold”).


πλίνθου

grc-noun form

πλῐ́νθου • (plínthou) f

πλῐ́νθου (canonical)
plínthou (romanization)

genitive singular of πλῐ́νθος (plínthos)


πλίνθοι

πλῐ́νθοι • (plínthoi) f

πλῐ́νθοι (canonical)
plínthoi (romanization)

nominative/vocative plural of πλῐ́νθος (plínthos)


πλίνθους

πλῐ́νθους • (plínthous) f

πλῐ́νθους (canonical)
plínthous (romanization)

accusative plural of πλῐ́νθος (plínthos)


πλίνθων

πλῐ́νθων • (plínthōn) f

πλῐ́νθων (canonical)
plínthōn (romanization)


πλίνθος

grc-noun

πλίνθος • (plínthos) f (genitive πλίνθου); second declension

plínthos (romanization)
πλίνθου (genitive)
ἡ πλῐ́νθος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
αἱ πλῐ́νθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς πλῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῇ πλῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὴν πλῐ́νθον (accusative singular)
τὼ πλῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
πλῐ́νθε (singular vocative)
πλῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
πλῐ́νθοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: plinthus
Italian: plinto
Middle French: plinte
French: plinthe
→ Dutch: plint
→ English: plinth
Portuguese: plinto
→ Russian: пли́нтус (plíntus)
→ Ukrainian: плі́нтус (plíntus)
Spanish: plinto

desc

→ Old East Slavic: плинѳа (plinθa), плинѳъ (plinθŭ), плинтъ (plintŭ)

→ Russian: пли́нфа (plínfa)

→ Ukrainian: плі́нфа (plínfa)

According to Beekes, the semantic field (architecture), as well as the presence of the element "-ινθ-", suggest a loan from Pre-Greek.


κάναστρον

grc-noun

κᾰ́νᾰστρον • (kánastron) n (genitive κᾰνᾰ́στρου); second declension

κᾰ́νᾰστρον (canonical)
kánastron (romanization)
κᾰνᾰ́στρου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́νᾰστρον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰνᾰ́στρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́νᾰστρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰνᾰ́στρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰνᾰ́στροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰνᾰ́στρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰνᾰ́στρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰνᾰ́στροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰνᾰ́στροις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́νᾰστρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰνᾰ́στρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́νᾰστρᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́νᾰστρον (singular vocative)
κᾰνᾰ́στρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́νᾰστρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κάνιστρο (kánistro)

desc

→ Latin: canistrum, cānastrum, canistrī m (in the plural) (see there for further descendants)

Apparently from κάννα (kánna, “reed”) + -τρον (-tron)


διφθέρας

head

διφθέρᾱς • (diphthérās)

διφθέρᾱς (canonical)
diphthérās (romanization)

inflection of διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā):
genitive singular

inflection of διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā):
accusative plural


διφθέρα

grc-noun

διφθέρᾱ • (diphthérā) f (genitive διφθέρᾱς); first declension

διφθέρᾱ (canonical)
diphthérā (romanization)
διφθέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ διφθέρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ διφθέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ διφθέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς διφθέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν διφθέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν διφθερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ διφθέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν διφθέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς διφθέραις (dative plural)
τὴν διφθέρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ διφθέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς διφθέρᾱς (accusative plural)
διφθέρᾱ (singular vocative)
διφθέρᾱ (dual vocative)
διφθέραι (plural vocative)

Greek: διφθέρα (difthéra)

→ Etruscan:

→ Latin: littera (see there for further descendants)

→ English: letter

→ French: diphtérie

→ English: diphtheria

→ Galician: difteria

→ Georgian: დიფთერია (dipteria)

→ Persian: دیفتری (difteri)

→ Portuguese: difteria

→ Spanish: difteria

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܕܦܬܪܐ (dptrʾ, “hide; account book”)

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דפתר (dptr), דפתרא (dptrʾ, “record book”)

→ Hebrew: דִּפְתָּר (diftar)

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (dptl /daftar/, “register, account book”)

Persian: دفتر (daftar, “account book; notebook; office”)

→ Bengali: দফতর (dophtor)

→ Azerbaijani: dəftər

→ Baluchi: دپتر (daptar)

→ Central Kurdish: دەفتەر (defter) (or from Arabic)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दफ़्तर (daftar)

Urdu: دفتر (daftar)

→ Kalmyk: девтр (devtr) (via Turkic)

→ Kazakh: дәптер (däpter)

→ Kyrgyz: дептер (depter)

→ Manchu: ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ (debtelin)

→ Mongolian: дэвтэр (devter)

→ Nogai: тептер (tepter)

→ Old East Slavic: дефтерь (defterĭ) (via Turkic)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دفتر (defter)

Turkish: defter, (dialectal) tefter

→ Bulgarian: тефте́р (teftér)

→ Crimean Tatar: defter

→ English: defter

→ Greek: τεφτέρι (teftéri)

→ Ladino: tefter

→ Macedonian: тефтер (tefter)

→ Romanian: tefter

→ Serbo-Croatian: dȅfter / де̏фтер, tȅfter / те̏фтер

→ Tibetan: དེབ་ཐེར (deb ther)

→ Turkmen: depder

→ Uyghur: دەپتەر (depter)

→ Uzbek: daftar

→ Arabic: دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; notebook”)

→ Bashkir: дәфтәр (dəftər) (or from Persian)

→ Indonesian: daftar (“register; list”)

→ Georgian: დავთარი (davtari) (or from Persian)

→ Middle Armenian: տաւթար (tawtʻar), դաւթար (dawtʻar), տֆթար (tftʻar) (or from Persian)

Armenian: դավթար (davtʻar)

→ Zoroastrian Dari: daptar (“book”)

The origin is uncertain, possibly from Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā. Related to διψάρα (dipsára, “writing-tablet; piece of leather”) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐁇𐀨 (di-pte-ra).
Since de Saussure, connected with δέφω (déphō) or δέψω (dépsō, “to soften (with the hand)”). Beekes argues that this connection and the alternation between φ (ph) and ψ (ps) point to a Pre-Greek origin.
Compare also Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi/), Akkadian 𒁾 (ṭuppu, “tablet, document, letter”) and Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”), Sumerian 𒁾𒊬 (dub-sar, “writer, scribe”).

cog

60-30 BC, Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, book 2, chapter 32:
τῶν βασιλικῶν διφθερῶν
tôn basilikôn diphtherôn
of the [Persian] Royal Archives

prepared hide, piece of leather; especially as writing material

4th century BC, Xenophon, Anabasis, book 1, chapter 5 (Greek, English):
διφθέρας ἃς εἶχον στεγάσματα ἐπίμπλασαν χόρτου κούφου, εἶτα συνῆγον καὶ συνέσπων, ὡς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι τῆς κάρφης τὸ ὕδωρ
diphthéras hàs eîkhon stegásmata epímplasan khórtou koúphou, eîta sunêgon kaì sunéspōn, hōs mḕ háptesthai tês kárphēs tò húdōr
they took skins which they had for tent covers, filled them with hay, and then brought the edges together and sewed them up, so that the water could not touch the hay.

anything made of leather
(in the plural) skins used as tents

anything made of leather
skins used as tents


λαλοβαρυπαραμελορυθμοβάτης

grc-noun

λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́της

λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́του

λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́της • (lalobaruparameloruthmobátēs) m (genitive λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́του); first declension

λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́της (canonical)
lalobaruparameloruthmobátēs (romanization)
λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λᾰλοβᾰρῠπᾰρᾰμελορῠθμοβᾰ́της

From λᾰ́λος (lálos, “talkative”) + βᾰρῠ́ς (barús, “heavy”) + πᾰρᾰ́ (pará, “from”) + μέλος (mélos, “melody”) + ῥῠθμός (rhuthmós, “rhythm”) + -βᾰ́της (-bátēs, “one that treads”).

affix

en-λαλοβαρυπαραμελορυθμοβάτης-grc-noun-0xqdSudX


σικύα

grc-noun

σῐκῠ́ᾱ • (sikúā) f (genitive σῐκῠ́ᾱς); first declension

σῐκῠ́ᾱ (canonical)
sikúā (romanization)
σῐκῠ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐκῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐκῠ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐκῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐκῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐκῠ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐκῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐκῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐκῠ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐκῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐκῠ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σῐκῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐκῠ́αι (plural vocative)

For plant names in -ύα, compare οἰσύα (oisúa), ὀστρύα (ostrúa). The Hesychius gloss σεκούα (sekoúa), as well as the toponym Σικυών (Sikuṓn)/Σεκυών (Sekuṓn), shows an alternation σικ-/σεκ-, which cannot be explained from an Indo-European point of view, but rather from substrate/Pre-Greek. Together with the forms συκύα (sukúa), κύκυον (kúkuon) and κυκύϊζα (kukúïza, “sweet round gourd”), as well as Latin cucumis (“cucumber”), Old Armenian սեխ (sex, “muskmelon”) and Proto-Slavic *tyky (“pumpkin”) it seems that we are dealing with a Wanderwort that might also have Semitic and Kartvelian cognates, like Arabic قِثَّاء (qiṯṯāʔ, “Cucumis”), Akkadian 𒄾 (qiššû, “cucumber”), Hebrew קשוא (qiššūʾ, “Armenian cucumber”), Laz შუკა (şuǩa, “cucumber; melon”), Mingrelian შინკა (šinḳa, “melon”).

cog

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual

Lagenaria vulgaris
Wikispecies:Lagenaria vulgaris

bottle gourd (Benincasa hispida, syn. Lagenaria vulgaris)

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

cupping-instrument, because it was shaped like a gourd


ὡρολόγιον

grc-noun

ὡρολόγιον • (hōrológion) n (genitive ὡρολογίου); second declension

hōrológion (romanization)
ὡρολογίου (genitive)
τὸ ὡρολόγιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὡρολογίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὡρολόγιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὡρολογίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὡρολογίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὡρολογίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὡρολογίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὡρολογίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὡρολογίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὡρολόγιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὡρολογίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὡρολόγιᾰ (accusative plural)
ὡρολόγιον (singular vocative)
ὡρολογίω (dual vocative)
ὡρολόγιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ρολόι (rolói)

→ Serbo-Croatian: reloj

desc

אוֹרְלוֹגִין

Hebrew: אוֹרְלוֹגִין

Hebrew: אוֹרְלוֹגִין (orlogin)

Latin: hōrologium (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥
Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra)
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λέγω (légō)
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios)?
Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion)
Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion)
From ὥρα (hṓra, “hour”) + λέγω (légō, “to put in order”) + -ιον (-ion).

af

(Koine) mechanism for telling the time, clock