λοπάς

grc-noun

λοπᾰ́ς • (lopás) f (genitive λοπᾰ́δος); third declension

λοπᾰ́ς (canonical)
lopás (romanization)
λοπᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λοπᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λοπᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λοπᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λοπᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοπᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοπᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λοπᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοπᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λοπᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
λοπᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lopási (dative plural)
taîs lopásin (dative plural)
τὴν λοπᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λοπᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λοπᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λοπᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
λοπᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
λοπᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Possibly from λοπός (lopós, “shell, scale; bark”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás). Ultimately from the same root of λέπω (lépō, “to peel”). See also λεπάς (lepás, “limpet”) for a similar derivation.


τέμαχος

grc-noun

τέμᾰχος • (témakhos) n (genitive τεμᾰ́χους); third declension

τέμᾰχος (canonical)
témakhos (romanization)
τεμᾰ́χους (genitive)
τὸ τέμᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ τεμᾰ́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τεμᾰ́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ τεμᾰ́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεμᾰχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεμᾰχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τεμᾰ́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν τεμᾰχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τεμᾰ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
τεμᾰ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs temákhesi (dative plural)
toîs temákhesin (dative plural)
τὸ τέμᾰχος (accusative singular)
τὼ τεμᾰ́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τεμᾰ́χη (accusative plural)
τέμᾰχος (singular vocative)
τεμᾰ́χει (dual vocative)
τεμᾰ́χη (plural vocative)


σέλαχος

σέλᾰχος • (sélakhos) n (genitive σελᾰ́χους); third declension

σέλᾰχος (canonical)
sélakhos (romanization)
σελᾰ́χους (genitive)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελᾰ́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελᾰχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σελᾰ́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελᾰ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
σελᾰ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs selákhesi (dative plural)
toîs selákhesin (dative plural)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (accusative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (accusative plural)
σέλᾰχος (singular vocative)
σελᾰ́χει (dual vocative)
σελᾰ́χη (plural vocative)

The formation resembles στέλεχος (stélekhos), τάριχος (tárikhos) and τέμαχος (témakhos). Connected with σέλας (sélas, “light, glow, beam”) already by Galen, because of the phosphorescent light of certain cartilaginous fishes; yet the suffix "-αχ-" may point to a Pre-Greek origin. The old connection with Proto-Germanic *selhaz (“seal”) is untenable.


γαλεός

γᾰλεός • (galeós) m (genitive γᾰλεοῦ); second declension

γᾰλεός (canonical)
galeós (romanization)
γᾰλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλεούς (accusative plural)
γᾰλεέ (singular vocative)
γᾰλεώ (dual vocative)
γᾰλεοί (plural vocative)

Possibly named after the weasel, γαλέη (galéē).


λείψανον

λείψᾰνον • (leípsanon) n (genitive λειψᾰ́νου); second declension

λείψᾰνον (canonical)
leípsanon (romanization)
λειψᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ λείψᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ λειψᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λείψᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λειψᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειψᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειψᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ λειψᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειψᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λειψᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ λείψᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ λειψᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λείψᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
λείψᾰνον (singular vocative)
λειψᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
λείψᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

(in the plural): remains, remnants, wrecks


κόγχος

κόγχος • (kónkhos) m (genitive κόγχου); second declension

kónkhos (romanization)
κόγχου (genitive)
ὁ κόγχος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόγχω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόγχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόγχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόγχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόγχων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόγχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόγχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόγχοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόγχον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόγχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόγχους (accusative plural)
κόγχε (singular vocative)
κόγχω (dual vocative)
κόγχοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Speculated to be from Proto-Indo-European *ḱongʰ- (“shell, mussel”) because of its striking similarity to Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkhá, “conch, mussel”), but the phonological correspondence between Ancient Greek ⟨χ⟩ (⟨kh⟩) and Sanskrit ⟨ख⟩ (⟨kh⟩) is irregular. More likely from Pre-Greek; compare the similar words καγκύλας (kankúlas, “mussel”) and especially κόχλος (kókhlos, “spiral conch, snail”) and its variants, and note the cluster ⟨γχ⟩ (⟨nkh⟩) which is common in Pre-Greek–derived terms. The Sanskrit word may thus be from a related loan source or substrate.
Alternatively connected to Akkadian 𒅆𒄖𒇲 (IGI.GU.LA₂ /qūqānu/, “an insect; a disease; a parasitic worm”), whence also Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קוּקָנָא (qūqānā) and distorted Classical Syriac ܩܘܪܩܥܐܢ, ܩܘܠܝܘܢ (“parasitic worm”) derive (distinguished from the borrowings of κογχύλιον (konkhúlion) ܩܘܟܐܠܝܘܢ (qūkāliyawn), ܩܘܟܠܝܘܢ (qūkaliyawn), ܩܘܟܠܝܐ (qūkaliyā), ܩܘܚܠܝܐ (qūḥaliyā, “spiral shape”)); for the form-meaning connection compare also Arabic قَوْقَن (qawqan, “shell of a mollusk; mollusk of a shell”) which is allegedly from κοχλίας (kokhlías, “snail with a spiral-shell; spiral”) from Ancient Greek κόχλος (kókhlos, “spiral-shelled mollusk”) or the present word.
According to Lipiński a rendering of Aramaic כּוּכָא (kūḵā, “burial chamber, niche for a grave”) from Akkadian 𒆠𒈤 (KI.MAḪ /kimaḫḫu, kimāḫu/, “burial chamber, sepulchre, grave”).


αἶθος

grc-noun

αἶθος • (aîthos) m (genitive αἴθου); second declension

αἶθος • (aîthos) n (genitive αἴθεος or αἴθους); third declension

aîthos (romanization)
αἴθου (genitive)
aîthos (romanization)
αἴθεος (genitive)
αἴθους (genitive)
ὁ αἶθος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἴθω (dual nominative)
οἱ αἶθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἴθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἴθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἴθων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἴθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἴθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἴθοις (dative plural)
τὸν αἶθον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἴθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἴθους (accusative plural)
αἶθε (singular vocative)
αἴθω (dual vocative)
αἶθοι (plural vocative)
τὸ αἶθος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἴθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἴθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἴθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αἴθει (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἴθεσῐ (dative plural)
αἴθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aíthesi (dative plural)
toîs aíthesin (dative plural)
τὸ αἶθος (accusative singular)
τὼ αἴθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἴθη (accusative plural)
αἶθος (singular vocative)
αἴθει (dual vocative)
αἴθη (plural vocative)
αἶθος (nominative singular)
αἴθει (dual nominative)
αἴθεε (dual nominative)
αἴθεᾰ (nominative plural)
αἴθεος (genitive singular)
αἴθευς (genitive singular)
αἰθέοιν (dual genitive)
αἰθέων (genitive plural)
αἴθει (dative singular)
αἴθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
αἰθέοιν (dative dual)
αἴθεσῐ (dative plural)
αἴθεσῐν (dative plural)
aíthesi (dative plural)
aíthesin (dative plural)
αἶθος (accusative singular)
αἴθει (accusative dual)
αἴθεε (accusative dual)
αἴθεᾰ (accusative plural)
αἶθος (singular vocative)
αἴθει (dual vocative)
αἴθεε (dual vocative)
αἴθεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *áitʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-. Cognates include Latin aedes and Sanskrit एध m (édha), एधस् n (édhas).


Coined by Aristophanes. From λοπᾰ́ς (lopás, “dish, meal”) + τέμᾰχος (témakhos, “fish slice”) + σέλαχος (sélakhos, “shark, ray”) + γᾰλεός (galeós, “dogfish, small shark”) + κρᾱνῐ́ον (krāníon, “head”) + λείψᾰνον (leípsanon, “remnant”) + δρῑμῠ́ς (drīmús, “sharp, pungent”) + ῠ̔πότριμμᾰ (hupótrimma, “generally sharp-tasting dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together”) + σίλφιον (sílphion, “laserwort”) + κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́rabos, “crab, beetle, or crayfish”) + μέλῐ (méli, “honey”) + κᾰτᾰχέω (katakhéō, “I pour over”) + κῐ́χλη (kíkhlē, “wrasse, thrush”) + ἐπῐ́ (epí, “upon, on top of”) + κόσσῠφος (kóssuphos, “a kind of sea-fish or blackbird”) + φάττᾰ (phátta, “wood pigeon”) + περῐστερά (peristerá, “domestic pigeon”) + ᾰ̓λεκτρυών (alektruṓn, “chicken”) + ὀπτός (optós, “roasted, baked”) + κεφᾰ́λῐον (kephálion, “diminutive of "head"”) + κίγκλος (kínklos, “dabchick”) + πέλειᾰ (péleia, “pigeon”) + λᾰγῷος (lagôios, “of the hare”) + σῐ́ραιον (síraion, “new wine boiled down”) + βᾰφή (baphḗ, “dipping”) + τρᾰγᾰνός (traganós, “crunchy”) + πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing, fin”).

com

κρᾱνῐ́ον<t:head>

ῠ̔πότριμμᾰ<t:generally sharp-tasting dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together>

κόσσῠφος<t:a kind of sea-fish or blackbird>

τάχα γὰρ ἔπεισι
λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεο-
κρανιολειψανοδριμυποτριμματο-
σιλφιοτυρομελιτοκατακεχυμενο-
κιχλεπικοσσυφοφαττοπεριστερα-
λεκτρυονοπτεκεφαλλιοκιγκλοπε-
λειολαγῳοσιραιοβαφητραγα-
νοπτερυγών. σὺ δὲ ταῦτ᾿ ἀκροασάμενος
τρέχε καὶ ταχέως λαβὲ τρύβλιον.

391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 1168–1176

For soon will be served […]. Now that you've heard what awaits you, run grab your plate quickly!

(nonce word, humorous) A dish created with the ingredients that make up its name.

en-λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεοκρανιολειψανοδριμυποτριμματοσιλφιοκαραβομελιτοκατακεχυμενοκιχλεπικοσσυφοφαττοπεριστεραλεκτρυονοπτοκεφαλλιοκιγκλοπελειολαγῳοσιραιοβαφητραγανοπτερύγων-grc-noun-1zhe43CN


ὕδρος

grc-noun

ῠ̔́δρος • (húdros) m (genitive ῠ̔́δρου); second declension

ῠ̔́δρος (canonical)
húdros (romanization)
ῠ̔́δρου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́δρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́δροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́δρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́δρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́δρους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δρε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δρω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá).

A smaller water animal, such as a spider, fish, or lizard.


τοπογραφία

τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς

τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ • (topographíā) f (genitive τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς); first declension

τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
topographíā (romanization)
τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τοπογρᾰφῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοπογρᾰφῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοπογρᾰφῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοπογρᾰφῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τοπογρᾰφῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
τοπογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
τοπογρᾰφῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ French: topographie

→ Russian: топогра́фия f (topográfija)

From τοπογράφος (topográphos, “describing a place or country”) + -ία (-ía), from τόπος (tópos, “place”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I describe”).


ἐχῖνος

grc-noun

ἐχῖνος • (ekhînos) m (genitive ἐχῑ́νου); second declension

ekhînos (romanization)
ἐχῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἐχῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐχῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐχῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐχῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐχῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐχῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐχῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ἐχῖνε (singular vocative)
ἐχῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἐχῖνοι (plural vocative)

→ English: echino-

desc

Greek: εχίνος (echínos), αχινός (achinós)

→ Latin: echīnus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *hekʰinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis (“hedgehog, hedgehog-like animals”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀑𐀜 (e-ki-no), Old Armenian ոզնի (ozni), Proto-Germanic *igilaz, Albanian esh.

inh

The shell of certain nuts, such as the chestnut

The third stomach of ruminants (the omasum)


ὕδρα

grc-noun

ῠ̔́δρᾱ • (húdrā) f (genitive ῠ̔́δρᾱς); first declension

ῠ̔́δρᾱ (canonical)
húdrā (romanization)
ῠ̔́δρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῠ̔́δρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔́δραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔́δρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔δρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔́δρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔́δραις (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔́δρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔́δρᾱς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δρᾱ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δρᾱ (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δραι (plural vocative)

Greek: ύδρα (ýdra), Ύδρα (Ýdra)

→ English: hydra, Hydra

→ Latin: hydra

→ Russian: ги́дра f (gídra)

From Proto-Hellenic *údrā, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá), Czech vydra, Russian вы́дра (výdra), Lithuanian ūdra, Latin lutra.


κέντρον

κέντρον • (kéntron) n (genitive κέντρου); second declension

kéntron (romanization)
κέντρου (genitive)
τὸ κέντρον (nominative singular)
τὼ κέντρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κέντρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέντρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέντροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέντρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέντρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέντροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέντροις (dative plural)
τὸ κέντρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέντρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κέντρᾰ (accusative plural)
κέντρον (singular vocative)
κέντρω (dual vocative)
κέντρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܩܢܛܪܘܢ (qenṭrōn, qanṭrōn)

→ Georgian: კენტრო (ḳenṭro)

Greek: κέντρο (kéntro)

→ Latin: centrum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: կենդրովն (kendrovn), կենտրովն (kentrovn), կենտրոն (kentron)

Armenian: կենտրոն (kentron), կեդրոն (kedron)

→ Sanskrit: केन्द्र (kendra) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱent-r-om (“pointed tool”), from *ḱent- (“to prick; point”); direct cognate with Albanian çandër (“forked pole”) and probably Old Armenian սանտր (santr), սանդր (sandr, “comb”).
Equivalent to κεντέω (kentéō, “I sting”) + -τρον (-tron).

affix

Something with a sharp point: point, spike, spur

Torture device or instrument of motivation: whip, goad

εἰς οὐχ ὁσίην τρυμαλιὴν τὸ κέντρον ὠθεῖς.

Sotades on Ptolemy II's incestuous marriage, cited by Plutarch, De liberis educandis 11a, and Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 14.621a

You're sticking your prick in an unholy hole.

eis oukh hosíēn trumaliḕn tò kéntron ōtheîs.


νότος

grc-noun

νότος • (nótos) m (genitive νότου); second declension

nótos (romanization)
νότου (genitive)
ὁ νότος (nominative singular)
τὼ νότω (dual nominative)
οἱ νότοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νότου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νότοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νότων (genitive plural)
τῷ νότῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νότοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νότοις (dative plural)
τὸν νότον (accusative singular)
τὼ νότω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νότους (accusative plural)
νότε (singular vocative)
νότω (dual vocative)
νότοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νότος (nótos)

Italiot Greek: νότος

desc

Pontic Greek: νότος (nótos), νό̤τος (nö́tos)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لودوس (lodos), لدوس (lodos), لودز (lodoz)
Turkish: lodos
→ Armenian: լօտօս (lōtōs) — Constantinople
→ Bulgarian: ло́дос (lódos), лодо́с (lodós), лодо́са (lodósa), лодо́з (lodóz), лодус (lodus), ладо́з (ladóz)
→ Ladino: lodós
→ Laz: ლოდოზი (lodozi), ლოდოსი (lodosi)

Of unclear origin. The traditional connection to νέω (néō, “to swim”) is phonologically improbable due to the latter continuing the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow; to swim”), though similarities with Old Armenian նայ (nay, “wet, fluid”) are notable. Beekes, based on the lack of solid internal derivation, tentatively suggests a Pre-Greek borrowing, perhaps Southern. If the Armenian is related, it may derive from the same substrate continuum.

ncog

the south(west) wind (which brings mist and wetness)


δαίμων

grc-noun

δαίμων • (daímōn) m or f (genitive δαίμονος); third declension

daímōn (romanization)
δαίμονος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ δαίμων (nominative singular)
τὼ δαίμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ δαίμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς δαίμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δαιμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δαιμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ δαίμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δαιμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς δαίμοσῐ (dative plural)
δαίμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs daímosi (dative plural)
taîs daímosin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν δαίμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δαίμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς δαίμονᾰς (accusative plural)
δαῖμον (singular vocative)
δαίμονε (dual vocative)
δαίμονες (plural vocative)

desc

→ Coptic: ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ (daimōn), ⲇⲉⲙⲱⲛ (demōn)

Greek: δαίμονας (daímonas)

→ Latin: daemon (see there for further descendants)

→ English: daimon

From δαίομαι (daíomai, “to divide”) + -μων (-mōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂-i- (“to divide, cut”). For similar semantic development compare Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /baga/, “god”), Sanskrit भग (bhága, “dispenser, patron”) (usually applied to gods) beside Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀- (baga-, “part”) and Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to divide, apportion”). Compare the etymology of English time.

cog

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.98

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.111

406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1443

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 135.33

389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 69.38

414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 544

god, goddess demigod
divine power, deity

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.396, (compare 10.64)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.61

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.166

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 158

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 601

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1342

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 705

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 812

406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 76

480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 122.44

guardian spirit (Latin genius), and so one's fate, destiny, fortune

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.222

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.420

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.172

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.196

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 121

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 312

472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 620

438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 1003

New Testament, Gospel of Matthew 8:31

(ecclesiastical, biblical) demon, evil spirit


τύπος

grc-noun

τῠ́πος • (túpos) m (genitive τῠ́που); second declension

τῠ́πος (canonical)
túpos (romanization)
τῠ́που (genitive)
ὁ τῠ́πος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῠ́πω (dual nominative)
οἱ τῠ́ποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῠ́που (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῠ́ποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῠ́πων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῠ́πῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῠ́ποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῠ́ποις (dative plural)
τὸν τῠ́πον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῠ́πω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῠ́πους (accusative plural)
τῠ́πε (singular vocative)
τῠ́πω (dual vocative)
τῠ́ποι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: טופסא

→ Old Armenian: տիպ (tip)

→ Greek: τύπος (týpos)

→ Hebrew: טִיפּוּס (típus)

→ Latin: typus (see there for further descendants)

General character of a thing: sort, type


εἰνάτερες

head

εἰνάτερες • (eináteres)

nominative/vocative plural of ἐνάτηρ (enátēr)


ἐνάτηρ

grc-noun

ἐνάτηρ • (enátēr) f (genitive εἰνάτερος); third declension

enátēr (romanization)
εἰνάτερος (genitive)
ἡ ἐνᾰ́τηρ (nominative singular)
αἱ εἰνᾰ́τερες (nominative plural)
τῆς εἰνᾰ́τερος (genitive singular)
τῶν εἰνᾰτέρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐνατρί (dative singular)
ταῖς εἰνᾰ́τερσῐ (dative plural)
εἰνᾰ́τερσῐν (dative plural)
taîs einátersi (dative plural)
taîs einátersin (dative plural)
τὴν εἰνᾰ́τερᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς εἰνᾰ́τερᾰς (accusative plural)
εἴνατερ (singular vocative)
εἰνᾰ́τερες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Not actually attested in all forms. The accusative singular and plural as well as the dative and vocative plural are conjectural.

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁yenh₂tēr. Cognates include Latin janitrīcēs, Sanskrit यातृ (yātṛ), Old Armenian ներ (ner) and Old Church Slavonic ꙗтрꙑ (jatry).

the wife of husband’s brother: sister-in-law, co-sister-in-law


λόφος

grc-noun

λόφος • (lóphos) m (genitive λόφου); second declension

lóphos (romanization)
λόφου (genitive)
ὁ λόφος (nominative singular)
τὼ λόφω (dual nominative)
οἱ λόφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λόφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λόφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λόφων (genitive plural)
τῷ λόφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λόφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λόφοις (dative plural)
τὸν λόφον (accusative singular)
τὼ λόφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λόφους (accusative plural)
λόφε (singular vocative)
λόφω (dual vocative)
λόφοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λόφος (lófos)

Probably from the same Indo-European source as Tocharian A lap (“head”) and Proto-Slavic *lъbъ (“skull”).
In 1819, Rees thought it to be akin to Old English hlifian (“to raise up, tower, stand out”).

cog

the back of the neck, the withers (of a horse), the nape (of a person)

(after Homer) the crest or tuft on the head of a bird; comb (of flesh)

a tuft of hair (upon the crown of a person)


σεισμός

grc-noun

σεισμός • (seismós) m (genitive σεισμοῦ); second declension

seismós (romanization)
σεισμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σεισμός (nominative singular)
τὼ σεισμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σεισμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σεισμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεισμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεισμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σεισμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σεισμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σεισμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σεισμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σεισμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σεισμούς (accusative plural)
σεισμέ (singular vocative)
σεισμώ (dual vocative)
σεισμοί (plural vocative)

→ English: seism, seismo-

→ French: séisme
→ Romanian: seism

→ Spanish: seísmo

Greek: σεισμός (seismós)

From σείω (seíō, “to shake”) + -μός (-mós).


πίθηκοι

head

πίθηκοι • (píthēkoi)

nominative/vocative plural of πίθηκος (píthēkos)


μῦς

grc-noun

μῦς • (mûs) m (genitive μῠός); third declension

mûs (romanization)
μῠός (genitive)
ὁ μῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῡσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῡσῐ́ν (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs mūsí (dative plural)
toîs mūsín (dative plural)
musí (dative plural)
musín (dative plural)
τὸν μῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῦς (accusative plural)
μῦ (singular vocative)
μῠ́ε (dual vocative)
μῠ́ες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῡσῐ́(ν)/μῠσῐ́(ν)

Greek: μυς (mys)

From Proto-Hellenic *mū́s, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Cognates include Latin mūs, Sanskrit मूष् (mū́ṣ), Old Armenian մուկն (mukn) and Old English mūs (English mouse).


πληθυσμός

grc-noun

πληθῠσμός • (plēthusmós) m (genitive πληθῠσμοῦ); second declension

πληθῠσμός (canonical)
plēthusmós (romanization)
πληθῠσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πληθῠσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ πληθῠσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πληθῠσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πληθῠσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πληθῠσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πληθῠσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πληθῠσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πληθῠσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πληθῠσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πληθῠσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πληθῠσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πληθῠσμούς (accusative plural)
πληθῠσμέ (singular vocative)
πληθῠσμώ (dual vocative)
πληθῠσμοί (plural vocative)

From πληθύνω (plēthúnō, “I increase”) + -σμός (-smós, action noun suffix).

affix

increasing, enlargement, multiplication, pluralization


κέρας

grc-noun

κέρας • (kéras) n (genitive κέρᾱτος or κέρᾰος or κέρως); third declension

kéras (romanization)
κέρᾱτος (genitive)
κέρᾰος (genitive)
κέρως (genitive)
τὸ κέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ κέρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κέρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κέρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κέρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kérasi (dative plural)
toîs kérasin (dative plural)
τὸ κέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ κέρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κέρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κέρᾰς (singular vocative)
κέρᾰτε (dual vocative)
κέρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ κέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ κέρᾱ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κέρᾱ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέρως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κέραι (dative singular)
κέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κέρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kérasi (dative plural)
toîs kérasin (dative plural)
τὸ κέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ κέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κέρᾱ (accusative plural)
κέρᾰς (singular vocative)
κέρᾱ (dual vocative)
κέρᾱ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kérats, probably remodeled from an earlier s-stem *kéras (like κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā), κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon), κρᾱνίον (krāníon)), as preserved in e.g. κερασ-φόρος (keras-phóros, “with a horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; front of the skull; horn”); see there for more. An older etymology supposes Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-n̥t-.

der

horn as a material, or anything made of horn, such as a bow.

the side branch (either left or right) of a military array for battle.


πληθύς

grc-noun

πληθῡ́ς • (plēthū́s) f (genitive πληθῠ́ος); third declension

πληθῡ́ς (canonical)
plēthū́s (romanization)
πληθῠ́ος (genitive)
πληθῡ́ς (nominative singular)
πληθῠ́ος (genitive singular)
πληθῠ́ῐ̈ (dative singular)
πληθυῖ (dative singular)
πληθῡ́ν (accusative singular)
πληθῡ́ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

πληθῠ́ῐ̈/πληθυῖ

From Proto-Indo-European *pléh₁-dʰ-uh₁, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Related to πίμπλημι (pímplēmi, “to fill”). Cognate with Latin plēbēs, older form of plēbs.

Ionic and Epic form of πλῆθος (plêthos, “throng, crowd; majority”)


ἤπειρος

grc-noun

ἤπειρος • (ḗpeiros) f (genitive ἠπείρου); second declension

ḗpeiros (romanization)
ἠπείρου (genitive)
ἡ ἤπειρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠπείρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἤπειροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἠπείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠπείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠπείρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἠπείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠπείροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἠπείροις (dative plural)
τὴν ἤπειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠπείρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἠπείρους (accusative plural)
ἤπειρε (singular vocative)
ἠπείρω (dual vocative)
ἤπειροι (plural vocative)
ἤπειρος (nominative singular)
ἠπείρω (dual nominative)
ἤπειροι (nominative plural)
ἠπείρου (genitive singular)
ἠπειροῖο (genitive singular)
ἠπείροιο (genitive singular)
ἠπειρόο (genitive singular)
ἠπείροο (genitive singular)
ἠπείροιῐν (dual genitive)
ἠπείρων (genitive plural)
ἠπείρῳ (dative singular)
ἠπείροιῐν (dative dual)
ἠπείροισῐ (dative plural)
ἠπείροισῐν (dative plural)
ἠπείροις (dative plural)
ēpeíroisi (dative plural)
ēpeíroisin (dative plural)
ēpeírois (dative plural)
ἤπειρον (accusative singular)
ἠπείρω (accusative dual)
ἠπείρους (accusative plural)
ἤπειρε (singular vocative)
ἠπείρω (dual vocative)
ἤπειροι (plural vocative)

Greek: ήπειρος (ípeiros)

→ English: eperopolis

From Proto-Hellenic *ā́peřřos, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₂per- (Beekes) or *h₂eh₁/h₂per-io- (Kroonen). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *ōferaz and possibly Old Armenian ափն (apʻn); see those for more. If the appurtenance of Armenian is accepted, we may be dealing with a heteroclitic r/n-stem.
According to Specht apud Olsen, this Indo-European root is a vrddhi derivative from the etymon of Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “posterior, later, latter”).
In relation with al. Ufer, asaj. ōfer 'firm land'

cog

inland areas (as opposed to coastal areas)


ἔκτασις

grc-noun

ἔκτᾰσῐς • (éktasis) f (genitive ἐκτᾰ́σεως); third declension

ἔκτᾰσῐς (canonical)
éktasis (romanization)
ἐκτᾰ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ ἔκτᾰσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκτᾰ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐκτᾰ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐκτᾰ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκτᾰσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκτᾰ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐκτᾰ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκτᾰσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐκτᾰ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐκτᾰ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ektásesi (dative plural)
taîs ektásesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔκτᾰσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκτᾰ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐκτᾰ́σεις (accusative plural)
ἔκτᾰσῐ (singular vocative)
ἐκτᾰ́σει (dual vocative)
ἐκτᾰ́σεις (plural vocative)

From ἐκτείνω (ekteínō, “I stretch out”) + -σῐς (-sis), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).


μανία

grc-noun

μᾰνῐ́ᾱ • (maníā) f (genitive μᾰνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
maníā (romanization)
μᾰνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μᾰνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: μανία (manía)

→ Latin: mania (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: mania

→ Russian: ма́ния (mánija)

From μαίνομαι (maínomai, “I am mad”) + -ῐ́ᾱ f (-íā).


μασχάλη

grc-noun

μᾰσχᾰ́λη • (maskhálē) f (genitive μᾰσχᾰ́λης); first declension

μᾰσχᾰ́λη (canonical)
maskhálē (romanization)
μᾰσχᾰ́λης (genitive)
ἡ μᾰσχᾰ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰσχᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰσχᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰσχᾰ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰσχᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰσχᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰσχᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰσχᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰσχᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰσχᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰσχᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰσχᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰσχᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
μᾰσχᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰσχᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μασχάλη (mascháli)

The formation may be compared with that of ἀγκάλη (ankálē, “bent arm”), but further details are unclear. According to Beekes, it is undoubtedly a Pre-Greek word.
Meanwhile Douglas Q. Adams has presented a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱsleh₂, via *h₂eḱs- (“axis, axle”), ultimately from the root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”), and source to Latin āla (“wing, armpit”), axilla (“little wing, armpit”) as well as Proto-Germanic *ahslō (“shoulder”). He finds that a Proto-Hellenic *aksalā could have given *askhalā by simple metathesis, while the initial m- could be either the product of a misdivision of the definite article plus noun (e. g. in the accusative singular *tām aksalā as well as in the respective genitive and dative dual, and genitive plural forms) or a contamination with the semantically similar μάλη (málē, “armpit”) and μαζός (mazós, “breast”).
Immanuel Löw explains it as a Semitic borrowing, related to Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מַתְחֲלָא (maṯḥălā, “calyx surrounding the date in its early state, or spathe of a date-palm”), possibly related to Arabic حُثَالَة (ḥuṯāla, “husks of grain or of dates, refuse of any crop”), both of uncertain internal relations.

cog

(botany) axil, hollow at the base of a shoot

part of the prow of a ship, to which the foresail is fastened


ὕμνος

grc-noun

ῠ̔́μνος • (húmnos) m (genitive ῠ̔́μνου); second declension

ῠ̔́μνος (canonical)
húmnos (romanization)
ῠ̔́μνου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́μνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́μνω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́μνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́μνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́μνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́μνοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́μνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́μνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́μνους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́μνε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́μνω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́μνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ύμνος m (ýmnos)

→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni)

desctree

→ Latin: hymnus m
Friulian: imni m
Old French: ymne m or f
Middle French: hymne, hynne
French: hymne m or f
→ Romanian: imn n
Old Galician-Portuguese: yno
Galician: himno m
Portuguese: hino m
→ Spanish: himno
→ Czech: hymnus
→ Hungarian: hymnus
→ Italian: inno
→ Old English: ymen
Middle English: ymne, ympne, impne, ymyn
English: hymn
Scots: hime
Middle Welsh: emynn
Welsh: emyn

→ Polish: hymn m inan
→? Belarusian: гімн m inan (himn)
→ Russian: гимн m inan (gimn) (likely)
→ Armenian: հիմն (himn)
→ Bashkir: гимн (gimn)
→ Crimean Tatar: gimn
→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni), გიმნი (gimni) — informal, proscribed
→ Kazakh: gïmn
→ Kildin Sami: гӣммн (gīmmn)
→ Urum: гимн
→ Uzbek: gimn
→? Ukrainian: гімн m inan (himn)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂em- (“sing”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (išḫamai, “he sings”), Sanskrit सामन् (sā́man, “song”), Sanskrit सुम्न (sumná, “hymn”).

cog

song, hymn, ode (generally in praise of the gods or heroes)


ἁρμονία

grc-noun

ἁρμονίᾱ • (harmoníā) f (genitive ἁρμονίᾱς); first declension

ἁρμονίᾱ (canonical)
harmoníā (romanization)
ἁρμονίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἁρμονίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁρμονίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἁρμονίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁρμονίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁρμονίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁρμονιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁρμονίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁρμονίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁρμονίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἁρμονίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁρμονίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁρμονίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἁρμονίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἁρμονίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἁρμονίαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: harmonia (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: гармония (garmonija)

Either from or cognate with ἁρμόζω (harmózō, “I fit together”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join, fit, fix together”).


πορνογράφος

grc-noun

πορνογρᾰ́φος

πορνογρᾰ́φου

πορνογρᾰ́φος • (pornográphos) m (genitive πορνογρᾰ́φου); second declension

πορνογρᾰ́φος (canonical)
pornográphos (romanization)
πορνογρᾰ́φου (genitive)
ὁ πορνογρᾰ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ πορνογρᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ πορνογρᾰ́φοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πορνογρᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορνογρᾰ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορνογρᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ πορνογρᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορνογρᾰ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πορνογρᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν πορνογρᾰ́φον (accusative singular)
τὼ πορνογρᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πορνογρᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
πορνογρᾰ́φε (singular vocative)
πορνογρᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
πορνογρᾰ́φοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πορνογρᾰ́φος

From πόρνη (pórnē, “harlot”) + -γρᾰ́φος (-gráphos, “drawer, painter, writer”).


ἀκτή

grc-noun

ἀκτή • (aktḗ) f (genitive ἀκτῆς); first declension

aktḗ (romanization)
ἀκτῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκτή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκτή (singular vocative)
ἀκτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκταί (plural vocative)

Greek: ακτή (aktí)

Unclear. Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) is possible according to Frisk, but if Furnée is right in comparing this word with ὄχθη (ókhthē, “riverbank”), it could be a Pre-Greek word.

ἀκτή τις ἔστ’ Εὐβοιίς, ἔνθ’ ὁρίζεται
βωμοὺς τέλη τ’ ἔγκαρπα Κηναίῳ Διί.
aktḗ tis ést’ Euboiís, énth’ horízetai

Sophocles, Trachiniae, 237-238 (Sir Richard Jebb, 1892 translation)

There is a headland of Euboea, where to Cenaean Zeus he marks out altars and fruitful ground in tribute.

ὦ πότνια χθὼν καὶ πότνι’ ἀκτὴ
χώματος […]
ô pótnia khthṑn kaì pótni’ aktḕ
khṓmatos […]

Aeschylus, Libation Bearers, 721 (Herbert Weir Smyth, 1926 translation)

O hallowed earth, and hallowed barrow raised high […]


ἀκτή

Unclear. Perhaps the same as etymology 1.

[…] χάλκειον κάνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ κρόμυον ποτῷ ὄψον,
ἠδὲ μέλι χλωρόν, παρὰ δ’ ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτήν, […]
[…] khálkeion káneon, epì dè krómuon potôi ópson,
ēdè méli khlōrón, parà d’ alphítou hieroû aktḗn, […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.630–631

1898 translation by Samuel Butler
[…] a vessel of bronze and an onion to give relish to the drink,
with honey and cakes of barley-meal.


Ἰλλυριός

Ἰλλῠρῐός • (Illuriós) m (genitive Ἰλλῠρῐοῦ); second declension

Ἰλλῠρῐός (canonical)
Illuriós (romanization)
Ἰλλῠρῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἰλλῠρῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἰλλῠρῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ἰλλῠρῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ἰλλῠρῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἰλλῠρῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἰλλῠρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ἰλλῠρῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἰλλῠρῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ἰλλῠρῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Ἰλλῠρῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἰλλῠρῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ἰλλῠρῐούς (accusative plural)
Ἰλλῠρῐέ (singular vocative)
Ἰλλῠρῐώ (dual vocative)
Ἰλλῠρῐοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ιλλυριός (Illyriós)

Latin: Illyrius

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.196

90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Geography 2.16.1

95 CE – 165 CE, Appian, Illyrian Wars 6

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 601

New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 15:19

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.125.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 48.4

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 11.6.4


κόρυδος

κόρῠδος • (kórudos) m (genitive κορῠ́δου); second declension

κόρῠδος (canonical)
kórudos (romanization)
κορῠ́δου (genitive)
ὁ κόρῠδος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρῠδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορῠ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῠ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορῠ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορῠ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρῠδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορῠ́δους (accusative plural)
κόρῠδε (singular vocative)
κορῠ́δω (dual vocative)
κόρῠδοι (plural vocative)

The connection with κόρῠς (kórus, “helmet”) may be correct, but only as a variant of the same Pre-Greek word.

Galerida cristata
Galerida cristata#Translingual


φελλός

φελλός • (phellós) m (genitive φελλοῦ); second declension

phellós (romanization)
φελλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φελλός (nominative singular)
τὼ φελλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φελλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φελλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φελλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φελλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φελλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φελλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φελλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φελλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φελλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φελλούς (accusative plural)
φελλέ (singular vocative)
φελλώ (dual vocative)
φελλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: φελλός (fellós)

→ Arabic: فِلّ (fill), فَلّ (fall)

Unknown. The word has been compared with φολίς (pholís, “scale”) and with Russian о́болонь (óbolonʹ, “sapwood, alburnum”) but Beekes finds this improbable.

cog

Quercus suber
Quercus suber#Translingual


κορυφή

grc-noun

κορῠφή • (koruphḗ) f (genitive κορῠφῆς); first declension

κορῠφή (canonical)
koruphḗ (romanization)
κορῠφῆς (genitive)
ἡ κορῠφή (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῠφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορῠφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κορῠφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῠφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῠφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορῠφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῠφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορῠφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κορῠφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῠφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορῠφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κορῠφή (singular vocative)
κορῠφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κορῠφαί (plural vocative)
κορῠφή (nominative singular)
κορῠφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
κορῠφαί (nominative plural)
κορῠφῆς (genitive singular)
κορῠφαῖν (dual genitive)
κορῠφαῖῐν (dual genitive)
κορῠφῇῐν (dual genitive)
koruphaîn (dual genitive)
koruphaîin (dual genitive)
koruphêiin (dual genitive)
κορῠφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
κορῠφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
κορῠφῶν (genitive plural)
κορῠφῇ (dative singular)
κορῠφαῖν (dative dual)
κορῠφαῖῐν (dative dual)
κορῠφῇῐν (dative dual)
koruphaîn (dative dual)
koruphaîin (dative dual)
koruphêiin (dative dual)
κορῠφῇσῐ (dative plural)
κορῠφῇσῐν (dative plural)
κορῠφῇς (dative plural)
κορῠφαῖς (dative plural)
koruphêisi (dative plural)
koruphêisin (dative plural)
koruphêis (dative plural)
koruphaîs (dative plural)
κορῠφήν (accusative singular)
κορῠφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
κορῠφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κορῠφή (singular vocative)
κορῠφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κορῠφαί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Corypha

According to Beekes, from a Pre-Greek root common to κόρυμβος (kórumbos, “tip of a ship or mountain”) and κόρυς (kórus, “helmet”), based on κορυφ-/κορυμβ- alternation with the aforementioned κόρυμβος (kórumbos).


κάρη

κᾰ́ρη • (kárē) n (genitive κᾰ́ρητος); third declension

κᾰ́ρη • (kárē) f (genitive κᾰ́ρης); second declension

κᾰ́ρη (canonical)
kárē (romanization)
κᾰ́ρητος (genitive)
κᾰ́ρη (canonical)
kárē (romanization)
κᾰ́ρης (genitive)
κᾰ́ρη (nominative singular)
κᾰ́ρητε (dual nominative)
κᾰ́ρητᾰ (nominative plural)
κᾰ́ρητος (genitive singular)
κᾰρήτοιῐν (dual genitive)
κᾰρήτων (genitive plural)
κᾰ́ρητῐ (dative singular)
κᾰρήτοιῐν (dative dual)
κᾰ́ρησῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́ρησῐν (dative plural)
κᾰρήτεσσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰρήτεσσῐν (dative plural)
κᾰρήτεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰρήτεσῐν (dative plural)
kárēsi (dative plural)
kárēsin (dative plural)
karḗtessi (dative plural)
karḗtessin (dative plural)
karḗtesi (dative plural)
karḗtesin (dative plural)
κᾰ́ρη (accusative singular)
κᾰ́ρητε (accusative dual)
κᾰ́ρητᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρη (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρητε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρητᾰ (plural vocative)
κᾰ́ρη (nominative singular)
κρᾶτε (dual nominative)
κρᾶτες (nominative plural)
κρᾱτός (genitive singular)
κρᾱ́ᾰ́τος (genitive singular)
κρᾱτοῖῐν (dual genitive)
κρᾱ́των (genitive plural)
κρᾱτῐ́ (dative singular)
κρᾱ́ᾰ́τῐ (dative singular)
κρᾱ́τεσφι (dative singular)
κρᾱτοῖῐν (dative dual)
κρᾱσί (dative plural)
κρᾱσίν (dative plural)
krāsí (dative plural)
krāsín (dative plural)
κρᾶτᾰ (accusative singular)
κρᾶτε (accusative dual)
κρᾶτᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρη (singular vocative)
κρᾶτε (dual vocative)
κρᾶτες (plural vocative)
κρᾶτα (nominative plural)
κρᾱ́ᾰ́τα (nominative plural)
κρᾱ́των (genitive plural)
κρᾱσί (dative plural)
κρᾱσίν (dative plural)
krāsí (dative plural)
krāsín (dative plural)
κρᾶτα (accusative plural)
κρᾱ́ᾰ́τα (accusative plural)
κρᾶτα (plural vocative)
κρᾱ́ᾰ́τα (plural vocative)
ἡ κᾰ́ρη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́ρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρέων (genitive plural)
κᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́ρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν κᾰ́ρῃσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́ρῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi kárēisi (dative plural)
têisi kárēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́ρην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρη (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κρᾱτός, κρᾱ́ᾰ́τος

κρᾱτῐ́, κρᾱ́ᾰ́τῐ, κρᾱ́τεσφι

κρᾶτα, κρᾱ́ᾰ́τα


συμφωνία

grc-noun

σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ • (sumphōníā) f (genitive σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
sumphōníā (romanization)
σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠμφωνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμφωνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμφωνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠμφωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμφωνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠμφωνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠμφωνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: συμφωνία (symfonía)

desc

סוּמְפֹּנְיָה

→ Aramaic: סוּמְפֹּנְיָה (“probably a kind of musical instrument”)

→ English: symphonia

→ Latin: symphōnia f (“music, symphony”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: симфо́ния f (simfónija, “symphony”) (see there for further descendants)

From σῠ́μφωνος (súmphōnos, “agreeing in sound, harmonious”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

af

numerous sounds played together, a concert of vocal or instrumental (or both) music


κῆρ

grc-noun

κῆρ • (kêr) n (genitive κῆρος); third declension

kêr (romanization)
κῆρος (genitive)
τὸ κῆρ (nominative singular)
τοῦ κῆρος (genitive singular)
τῷ κῆρι (dative singular)
τὸ κῆρ (accusative singular)
κῆρ (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. If not simply directly inherited from that form, perhaps a contraction of κέαρ (kéar), related to καρδία (kardía). Alternatively, Liddell and Scott (1940) suggest that κέαρ may have been a back-formation to κῆρ on the basis of ἦρ (êr) ~ ἔαρ (éar, “spring”).


λαβύρινθος

λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθος • (labúrinthos) m (genitive λᾰβῠρῐ́νθου); second declension

λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθος (canonical)
labúrinthos (romanization)
λᾰβῠρῐ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰβῠρῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰβῠρῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰβῠρῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰβῠρῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰβῠρῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰβῠρῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰβῠρῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰβῠρῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰβῠρῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθε (singular vocative)
λᾰβῠρῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
λᾰβῠ́ρῐνθοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: labyrinthus (see there for further descendants)

→ Greek: λαβύρινθος (lavýrinthos)

→ Russian: лабири́нт (labirínt)

Unknown, but Proto-Hellenic *dabúrintʰos can be reconstructed; likely Pre-Greek (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀅𐁆𐀪𐀵𐀍 (da-phu-ri-to-jo)). Possibly from Lydian 𐤩𐤠𐤡𐤭𐤧𐤳 (lapryš, “double-edged axe”), a royal symbol, as λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos) supposedly originally referred to a Minoan palace on Crete. See also λάβρυς (lábrus, “axe”) and λαύρα (laúra, “lane, passage”).
The spelling in Linear B suggests an origin in another language, possibly Minoan.

der

A labyrinth, maze; a large building consisting of numerous halls connected by intricate and tortuous passages.


βαθμός

grc-noun

βαθμός • (bathmós) m (genitive βαθμοῦ); second declension

bathmós (romanization)
βαθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βᾰθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰθμούς (accusative plural)
βᾰθμέ (singular vocative)
βᾰθμώ (dual vocative)
βᾰθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βαθμός (vathmós)

→ Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs) (semantic loan)

From the root of βαίνω (baínō, “to go”).


ἑρπετόν

ἑρπετόν • (herpetón) n (genitive ἑρπετοῦ); second declension

herpetón (romanization)
ἑρπετοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑρπετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑρπετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑρπετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἑρπετόν (singular vocative)
ἑρπετώ (dual vocative)
ἑρπετᾰ́ (plural vocative)

English: herpet-

Greek: ερπετό (erpetó)

Substantivized verbal adjective of ἕρπω (hérpō). Compare Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake, serpent”), Latin serpēns.

creeping animal, reptile, especially a snake


κρόταφος

κρότᾰφος • (krótaphos) m (genitive κροτάφου); second declension

κρότᾰφος (canonical)
krótaphos (romanization)
κροτάφου (genitive)
ὁ κρότᾰφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κροτᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρότᾰφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κροτᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κροτᾰ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κροτᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ κροτᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κροτᾰ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κροτᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρότᾰφον (accusative singular)
τὼ κροτᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κροτᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
κρότᾰφε (singular vocative)
κροτᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
κρότᾰφοι (plural vocative)
κρότᾰφος (nominative singular)
κροτᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
κρότᾰφοι (nominative plural)
κροτᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
κροτᾰφοῖο (genitive singular)
κροτᾰ́φοιο (genitive singular)
κροτᾰφόο (genitive singular)
κροτᾰ́φοο (genitive singular)
κροτᾰ́φοιῐν (dual genitive)
κροτᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
κροτᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
κροτᾰ́φοιῐν (dative dual)
κροτᾰ́φοισῐ (dative plural)
κροτᾰ́φοισῐν (dative plural)
κροτᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
krotáphoisi (dative plural)
krotáphoisin (dative plural)
krotáphois (dative plural)
κρότᾰφον (accusative singular)
κροτᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
κροτᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
κρότᾰφε (singular vocative)
κροτᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
κρότᾰφοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κρόταφος (krótafos)

Usually derived from κρότος (krótos, “beating”) as "beating of the veins in the temples". Furnée connects it with κόρση (kórsē, “temple”). Maybe from Pre-Greek.


κιθάρα

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ • (kithárā) f (genitive κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (canonical)
kithárā (romanization)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐθᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐθᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐθᾰ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐθᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐθᾰ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cithara (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Aramaic: קיתרא (qīṯārā), ܩܝܬܪܐ (qīṯārā)
→ Arabic: قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ), կեթառ (ketʻaṙ)
→ Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: китара (kitára)

According to Beekes, acquired from Pre-Greek. Said Pre-Greek term may be ultimately derived from or at least related to Proto-Hurro-Urartian *kinnar (“lyre, harp”).


λύρα

grc-noun

λῠ́ρᾱ • (lúrā) f (genitive λῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

λῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
lúrā (romanization)
λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
λῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
λῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
λῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ English: lyre

Greek: λύρα (lýra)

→ Latin: lyra (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: līra

→ German: Leier

A Mediterranean Pre-Greek substrate technical loan. Indo-European etymologies should be rejected.

lyre, string instrument with a sounding board formed of a shell of a tortoise


πέρδιξ

πέρδῑξ • (pérdīx) m or f (genitive πέρδῑκος); third declension

πέρδῑξ (canonical)
pérdīx (romanization)
πέρδῑκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πέρδῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρδῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πέρδῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πέρδῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν περδῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περδῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πέρδῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν περδῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πέρδῑξῐ (dative plural)
πέρδῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs pérdīxi (dative plural)
taîs pérdīxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πέρδῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρδῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πέρδῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
πέρδῑξ (singular vocative)
πέρδῑκε (dual vocative)
πέρδῑκες (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: πέρδικα (pérdika)
→ Aromanian: pirdic

→ Latin: perdīx (see there for further descendants)

Traditionally explained (such as by Frisk) as a derivative from πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “I fart”), due to the droning sound when partridges take wing. However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, as he considers the suffix -ῑκ- (-īk-) to be of substrate origin.


παιδαγωγός

grc-noun

παιδᾰγωγός • (paidagōgós) m (genitive παιδᾰγωγοῦ); second declension

παιδᾰγωγός (canonical)
paidagōgós (romanization)
παιδᾰγωγοῦ (genitive)
ὁ παιδᾰγωγός (nominative singular)
τὼ παιδᾰγωγώ (dual nominative)
οἱ παιδᾰγωγοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ παιδᾰγωγοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν παιδᾰγωγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν παιδᾰγωγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ παιδᾰγωγῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν παιδᾰγωγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς παιδᾰγωγοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν παιδᾰγωγόν (accusative singular)
τὼ παιδᾰγωγώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς παιδᾰγωγούς (accusative plural)
παιδᾰγωγέ (singular vocative)
παιδᾰγωγώ (dual vocative)
παιδᾰγωγοί (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: פדגוגא

Greek: παιδαγωγός (paidagogós)

→ Latin: paedagōgus (see there for further descendants)

Russian: педаго́г (pedagóg)

Hebrew פֶּדָגוֹג (pedagóg)

παῖς (paîs, “child”) + ᾰ̓γωγός (agōgós, “guide, escort”)

af

originally, a slave who accompanied a child to and from school


κρόκος

grc-noun

κρόκος • (krókos) m (genitive κρόκου); second declension

krókos (romanization)
κρόκου (genitive)
ὁ κρόκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρόκω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρόκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρόκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρόκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρόκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρόκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρόκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρόκοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρόκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρόκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρόκους (accusative plural)
κρόκε (singular vocative)
κρόκω (dual vocative)
κρόκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κρόκος (krókos)

→ Latin: crocus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Georgian: კროკონი (ḳroḳoni)

A Semitic loanword. Compare Akkadian 𒌑𒆪𒄀𒆸𒈾 (/kurkanū/), Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum), and Hebrew כרכום (karkom).

Crocus sativus
Crocus sativus#Translingual


παιδαγωγία

παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱς

παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ • (paidagōgíā) f (genitive παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱς); first declension

παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
paidagōgíā (romanization)
παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ παιδᾰγωγῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν παιδᾰγωγῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παιδᾰγωγῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν παιδᾰγωγῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς παιδᾰγωγῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
παιδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
παιδᾰγωγῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ French: pédagogie

Greek: παιδαγωγία (paidagogía)

From παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós, “teacher, leader”), from παῖς (paîs, “child”) + ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”).


δυσφορία

δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ • (dusphoríā) f (genitive δῠσφορῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
dusphoríā (romanization)
δῠσφορῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῠσφορῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῠσφορῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῠσφορῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῠσφορῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῠσφορῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῠσφορῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῠσφορῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δῠσφορῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῠσφορῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δῠσφορῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: dysphoria

→ Greek: δυσφορία (dysforía) (learned)

From δῠ́σφορος (dúsphoros, “grievous”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”) + φέρω (phérō, “I bear, carry”).


ἀπορία

grc-noun

ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ • (aporíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
aporíā (romanization)
ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓πορῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓πορῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓πορῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓πορῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓πορῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓πορῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Latin: aporia

English: aporia

French: aporie

Greek: απορία (aporía)

From ᾰ̓́πορος (áporos, “impassable, difficult”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

embarrassment, doubt, uncertainty, anxiety


μέθυ

grc-noun

μέθῠ • (méthu) n (genitive μέθῠος); third declension

μέθῠ (canonical)
méthu (romanization)
μέθῠος (genitive)
τὸ μέθῠ (nominative singular)
τοῦ μέθῠος (genitive singular)
τῷ μέθῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τὸ μέθῠ (accusative singular)
μέθῠ (singular vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *métʰu (“intoxicating drink; mead”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey; mead”). Cognates include Sanskrit मधु (mádhu, “honey”), Lithuanian medùs, Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, “honey”), and Old English medu (English mead).


πόρος

grc-noun

πόρος • (póros) m (genitive πόρου); second declension

póros (romanization)
πόρου (genitive)
ὁ πόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόροις (dative plural)
τὸν πόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόρους (accusative plural)
πόρε (singular vocative)
πόρω (dual vocative)
πόροι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόρος (póros)

→ Latin: porus (see there for further descendants)

Tsakonian: πόρε (póre, “door”)

English: porous

From the o-grade of πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to run through”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass, cross”).

der

a means of passage, passageway, way, opening

especially passage over a body of water: ford, strait, ferry, bridge


ἀλφός

grc-noun

ᾰ̓λφός • (alphós) m (genitive ᾰ̓λφοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓λφός (canonical)
alphós (romanization)
ᾰ̓λφοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓λφός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λφώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓λφοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓λφοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓λφῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓λφοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓λφόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λφώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓λφούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λφέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λφώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λφοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”). Cognates include Latin albus (“white”), Hittite 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas, “cloud”), Umbrian 𐌀𐌋𐌚𐌖 (alfu, “white”) and Middle Welsh elbid (“world”). Doublet of ἄλβος (álbos).

alphos, a type of non-contagious leprosy typified by dull white lesions.


ὑπότριμμα

ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος

ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ • (hupótrīmma) n (genitive ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος); third declension

ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (canonical)
hupótrīmma (romanization)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hupotrī́mmasi (dative plural)
toîs hupotrī́mmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος

From ὑποτρίβω (hupotríbō, “I rub, grate”) + -μα (-ma).

af

A pungent dish made of various items grated and mixed together, usually used as a dip.


ἀπόφθεγμα

grc-noun

ἀποφθέγματος

ἀπόφθεγμα • (apóphthegma) n (genitive ἀποφθέγματος); third declension

apóphthegma (romanization)
ἀποφθέγματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀπόφθεγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποφθέγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀποφθέγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀποφθέγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποφθεγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποφθεγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀποφθέγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποφθεγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀποφθέγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀποφθέγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs apophthégmasi (dative plural)
toîs apophthégmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀπόφθεγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποφθέγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀποφθέγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀπόφθεγμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀποφθέγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀποφθέγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀποφθέγματος

→ Catalan: apotegma

→ English: apothegm

→ French: apophtegme

→ German: Apophthegma

Greek: απόφθεγμα (apófthegma)

→ Ido: apotemo

→ Polish: apoftegmat

→ Portuguese: apotegma

→ Spanish: apotegma

→ Ukrainian: апофтегма (apoftehma)

From ἀποφθέγγομαι (apophthéngomai, “I plainly speak my mind”), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) + φθέγγομαι (phthéngomai, “to speak loudly”), + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).

prefix

especially a terse, pointed saying, an apophthegm


προσβολή

grc-noun

προσβολή • (prosbolḗ) f (genitive προσβολῆς); first declension

prosbolḗ (romanization)
προσβολῆς (genitive)
ἡ προσβολή (nominative singular)
τὼ προσβολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ προσβολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς προσβολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσβολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσβολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προσβολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσβολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς προσβολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν προσβολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ προσβολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς προσβολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
προσβολή (singular vocative)
προσβολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
προσβολαί (plural vocative)

Greek: προσβολή (prosvolí)

From προσβάλλω (prosbállō, “to apply”) + -η (-ē).


ἐπιφάνεια

grc-noun

ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰ • (epipháneia) f (genitive ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱς); first declension

ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰ (canonical)
epipháneia (romanization)
ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐφᾰ́νειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐφᾰνείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐφᾰνειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐφᾰνείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐφᾰνείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐφᾰνείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐφᾰνείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐπῐφᾰ́νειαι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: επιφάνεια (epifáneia) (learned)

desctree

→ Latin: epiphanīa
Italian: Befana
→ Italian: epifania
→ Middle English: epiphanie
English: epiphany
→ Occitan: epifania
→ Old French: epyphanie
→ Spanish: epifanía

→ Romanian: epifanie

From ἐπῐφᾰνής (epiphanḗs, “in view”) + -ῐᾰ (-ia), from ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō, “I come into view”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, bring to light”).

af

appearance, manifestation (especially of a divine or royal figure)

ἐπιφάνεια δέ ἐστιν, ὃ μῆκος καὶ πλάτος μόνον ἔχει. ἐπιφανείας δὲ πέρατα γραμμαί.

And a surface is that which has only length and width. And the extremities of a surface are lines.

epipháneia dé estin, hò mêkos kaì plátos mónon ékhei. epiphaneías dè pérata grammaí.

surface, visible portion
(geometry) surface

(in New Testament of the Bible) advent or manifestation of Christ


σίλφιον

grc-noun

σῐ́λφῐον • (sílphion) n (genitive σῐλφῐ́ου); second declension

σῐ́λφῐον (canonical)
sílphion (romanization)
σῐλφῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́λφῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐλφῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́λφῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐλφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐλφῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐλφῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐλφῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐλφῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐλφῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́λφῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐλφῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́λφῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́λφῐον (singular vocative)
σῐλφῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐ́λφῐᾰ (plural vocative)


κάραβος

κᾱ́ρᾰβος • (kā́rabos) m (genitive κᾱρᾰ́βου); second declension

κᾱ́ρᾰβος (canonical)
kā́rabos (romanization)
κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ κᾱ́ρᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾱρᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾱρᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾱρᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾱ́ρᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾱρᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
κᾱ́ρᾰβε (singular vocative)
κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: կարապոս (karapos)

Origin unclear; the irregular suffix and phonetics suggest a Pre-Greek, Ancient Macedonian, or Semitic loan. Also see Latin scarabaeus, carabus, Armenian քարբ (kʻarb); Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab) and قَارِب (qārib), likely from the same substrate source.

a kind of beetle, probably a longhorn beetle

a kind of crustacean, probably a crayfish


φάττα

φᾰ́ττᾰ • (phátta) f (genitive φᾰ́ττης); first declension

φᾰ́ττᾰ (canonical)
phátta (romanization)
φᾰ́ττης (genitive)
ἡ φᾰ́ττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰ́τται (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰ́ττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́τταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰ́ττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́τταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰ́τταις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰ́ττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ττᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ττᾰ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ττᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰ́τται (plural vocative)


ζυγόν

ζῠγόν • (zugón) n (genitive ζῠγοῦ); second declension

ζῠγόν (canonical)
zugón (romanization)
ζῠγοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ζῠγόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῠγώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῠγᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῠγοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῠγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῠγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῠγῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῠγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῠγοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ζῠγόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῠγώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῠγᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ζῠγόν (singular vocative)
ζῠγώ (dual vocative)
ζῠγᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: ζυγός (zygós)

From Proto-Hellenic *dzugón, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

in general, anything which joins two pieces together: cross-bar, plank, beam

the balancing beam of a scale; the scale itself


κεφάλιον

κεφᾰ́λῐον • (kephálion) n (genitive κεφᾰλῐ́ου); second declension

κεφᾰ́λῐον (canonical)
kephálion (romanization)
κεφᾰλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κεφᾰ́λῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεφᾰλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεφᾰλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεφᾰλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κεφᾰ́λῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κεφᾰ́λῐον (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: κεφάλιν (kephálin)

Greek: κεφάλι (kefáli)

From κεφᾰλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -ῐον (-ion).


περιστερός

περιστερός • (peristerós) m (genitive περιστεροῦ); second declension

peristerós (romanization)
περιστεροῦ (genitive)
ὁ περιστερός (nominative singular)
τὼ περιστερώ (dual nominative)
οἱ περιστεροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ περιστεροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν περιστεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περιστερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ περιστερῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν περιστεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς περιστεροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν περιστερόν (accusative singular)
τὼ περιστερώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς περιστερούς (accusative plural)
περιστερέ (singular vocative)
περιστερώ (dual vocative)
περιστεροί (plural vocative)

From περιστερᾱ́ (peristerā́, “pigeon”) + -ος (-os).

af

masculine counterpart of περιστερά (peristerá): male pigeon or dove


σίραιον

grc-noun

σῐ́ραιον • (síraion) n (genitive σῐραίου); second declension

σῐ́ραιον (canonical)
síraion (romanization)
σῐραίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐραίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ραιον (singular vocative)
σῐραίω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ραιᾰ (plural vocative)

Maybe from σειρόω (seiróō) or alternatively from Pre-Greek.

boiled down new wine, often used as a syrup


κόσσυφος

κόσσῠφος • (kóssuphos) m (genitive κοσσῠ́φου); second declension

κόσσῠφος (canonical)
kóssuphos (romanization)
κοσσῠ́φου (genitive)
ὁ κόσσῠφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοσσῠ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόσσῠφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοσσῠ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοσσῠ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοσσῠ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοσσῠ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοσσῠ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοσσῠ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόσσῠφον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοσσῠ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοσσῠ́φους (accusative plural)
κόσσῠφε (singular vocative)
κοσσῠ́φω (dual vocative)
κόσσῠφοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: κότσυφος m (kótsyfos, “blackbird”)

κοτσύφι n (kotsýfi, “blackbird”)

Κοσσυφοπέδιο n (Kossyfopédio, “Kosovo”)

Κοσσυφοπόλις n (Kossyfopólis, “Kosovo”)

Has been connected with Proto-Slavic *kosъ (“blackbird”) and with Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to strike, to blow”), but according to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


πέλεια

grc-noun

πέλειᾰ • (péleia) f (genitive πελείᾱς); first declension

πέλειᾰ (canonical)
péleia (romanization)
πελείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πέλειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πελείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέλειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πελείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πελείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πελείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πέλειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πελείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πελείᾱς (accusative plural)
πέλειᾰ (singular vocative)
πελείᾱ (dual vocative)
πέλειαι (plural vocative)

From a hypothetical u-stem *πελύς (*pelús, “gray”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“gray”). Compare Latin palumbēs (“dove”).

a prophetic priestess of Dodona (usually in plural)


κίγκλος

κίγκλος • (kínklos) m (genitive κίγκλου); second declension

kínklos (romanization)
κίγκλου (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́γκλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́γκλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́γκλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́γκλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́γκλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́γκλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́γκλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́γκλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́γκλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́γκλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́γκλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐ́γκλους (accusative plural)
κῐ́γκλε (singular vocative)
κῐ́γκλω (dual vocative)
κῐ́γκλοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Cinclus

The variations show that the word is Pre-Greek, thus not related to Sanskrit चञ्चल (cañcala, “nimble, shaking, flickering”).

cog

Cinclus cinclus
Cinclus cinclus#Translingual


λαγῷος

λᾰγῷος (canonical)
lagôios (romanization)
λᾰγῴᾱ (feminine)
λᾰγῷον (neuter)
λᾰγῷος (masculine nominative singular)
λᾰγῴᾱ (feminine nominative singular)
λᾰγῷον (neuter nominative singular)
λᾰγῴω (dual masculine nominative)
λᾰγῴᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
λᾰγῴω (dual neuter nominative)
λᾰγῷοι (masculine nominative plural)
λᾰγῷαι (feminine nominative plural)
λᾰγῷᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
λᾰγῴου (genitive masculine singular)
λᾰγῴᾱς (feminine genitive singular)
λᾰγῴου (genitive neuter singular)
λᾰγῴοιν (dual genitive masculine)
λᾰγῴαιν (dual feminine genitive)
λᾰγῴοιν (dual genitive neuter)
λᾰγῴων (genitive masculine plural)
λᾰγῴων (feminine genitive plural)
λᾰγῴων (genitive neuter plural)
λᾰγῴῳ (dative masculine singular)
λᾰγῴᾳ (dative feminine singular)
λᾰγῴῳ (dative neuter singular)
λᾰγῴοιν (dative dual masculine)
λᾰγῴαιν (dative dual feminine)
λᾰγῴοιν (dative dual neuter)
λᾰγῴοις (dative masculine plural)
λᾰγῴαις (dative feminine plural)
λᾰγῴοις (dative neuter plural)
λᾰγῷον (accusative masculine singular)
λᾰγῴᾱν (accusative feminine singular)
λᾰγῷον (accusative neuter singular)
λᾰγῴω (accusative dual masculine)
λᾰγῴᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
λᾰγῴω (accusative dual neuter)
λᾰγῴους (accusative masculine plural)
λᾰγῴᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
λᾰγῷᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
λᾰγῷε (masculine singular vocative)
λᾰγῴᾱ (feminine singular vocative)
λᾰγῷον (neuter singular vocative)
λᾰγῴω (dual masculine vocative)
λᾰγῴᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
λᾰγῴω (dual neuter vocative)
λᾰγῷοι (masculine plural vocative)
λᾰγῷαι (feminine plural vocative)
λᾰγῷᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
λᾰγῴως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
λᾰγῳότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
λᾰγῳότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Contracted form of λαγώειος (lagṓeios, “of a hare”), from λαγώς (lagṓs, “hare”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₁g- (“weak, feeble”). Compare Latin laxus, Sanskrit लङ्ग (laṅga, “lame”), Proto-Germanic *lakaną.


κίχλη

grc-noun

κῐ́χλη • (kíkhlē) f (genitive κῐ́χλης); first declension

κῐ́χλη (canonical)
kíkhlē (romanization)
κῐ́χλης (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́χλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐ́χλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐ́χλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐχλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐ́χλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐ́χλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́χλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐ́χλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐ́χλη (singular vocative)
κῐ́χλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐ́χλαι (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: Cichla (learned)

⇒ New Latin: Cichlidae

→ English: cichlid (learned)

→ French: cichlidé (learned)

→ Swedish: ciklid (learned)


ἀλεκτρυών

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών • (alektruṓn) m or f (genitive ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος); third declension

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (canonical)
alektruṓn (romanization)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs alektruósi (dative plural)
taîs alektruósin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος

From ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (aléktōr, “cock, rooster”) + -υών (-uṓn, an obscure suffix also appearing in ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)). The first element is the agentive noun of ᾰ̓λέξω (aléxō, “ward off”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-s-, an *s-derivative of *h₂lek- (“protect”). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀨𐀓𐀶𐀬𐀺 (a-ra-ku-tu-ru-wo /Alektruōn/).

affix

an obscure suffix also appearing in <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀλκυών</i> (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)

cog

(masculine) a male chicken: cock, rooster


περιστερά

grc-noun

περιστερᾱ́ • (peristerā́) f (genitive περιστερᾶς); first declension

περιστερᾱ́ (canonical)
peristerā́ (romanization)
περιστερᾶς (genitive)
ἡ περιστερᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ περιστερᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ περιστεραί (nominative plural)
τῆς περιστερᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν περιστεραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περιστερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περιστερᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν περιστεραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς περιστεραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν περιστερᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ περιστερᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περιστερᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
περιστερᾱ́ (singular vocative)
περιστερᾱ́ (dual vocative)
περιστεραί (plural vocative)

desc

English: peristeria, peristerion, peristerite, peristeronic, peristeropodous, philoperisteron

Pre-Greek. Or from Semitic origin perah Ishtar [?] ("a bird of goddess Ishtar").


βαφή

grc-noun

βᾰφή • (baphḗ) f (genitive βᾰφῆς); first declension

βᾰφή (canonical)
baphḗ (romanization)
βᾰφῆς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰφή (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βᾰφή (singular vocative)
βᾰφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βᾰφαί (plural vocative)

Greek: βαφή (vafí)


πόσις

πόσις • (pósis) m (genitive πόσιος); third declension

pósis (romanization)
πόσιος (genitive)
ὁ πόσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πόσει (dual nominative)
οἱ πόσεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόσῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόσεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ποσέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόσεσῐ (dative plural)
πόσεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pósesi (dative plural)
toîs pósesin (dative plural)
τὸν πόσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πόσει (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόσῐᾰς (accusative plural)
πόσῐ (singular vocative)
πόσῐς (singular vocative)
πόσει (dual vocative)
πόσεις (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *pótis, from Proto-Indo-European *pótis. Cognates include Albanian pata, Latin potis and Sanskrit पति (pati).


πόσις

πόσις • (pósis) f (genitive πόσιος or πόσεως); third declension

pósis (romanization)
πόσιος (genitive)
πόσεως (genitive)
ἡ πόσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πόσει (dual nominative)
αἱ πόσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πόσῐος (genitive singular)
πόσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πόσει (dative singular)
πόσῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόσεσῐ (dative plural)
πόσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pósesi (dative plural)
taîs pósesin (dative plural)
τὴν πόσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πόσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόσεις (accusative plural)
πόσῐ (singular vocative)
πόσει (dual vocative)
πόσεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πόσῐος/πόσεως

From Proto-Hellenic *pótis, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₃tis, from *peh₃- (“to drink”) (compare πίνω (pínō, “I drink”)).


τραγανός

grc-noun

τρᾰγᾰνός • (traganós) m (genitive τρᾰγᾰνοῦ); second declension

τρᾰγᾰνός (canonical)
traganós (romanization)
τρᾰγᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰγᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰγᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰγᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰγᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰγᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰγᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰγᾰνούς (accusative plural)
τρᾰγᾰνέ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγᾰνώ (dual vocative)
τρᾰγᾰνοί (plural vocative)

τράγος (trágos, “he-goat”) + -ανός (-anós).


ὄσσε

grc-noun

ὄσσε • (ósse) n du (genitive ὄσσοιν); second declension

ósse (romanization)
ὄσσοιν (genitive)
τὼ ὄσσε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄσσε (nominative plural)
τοῖν ὄσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄσσων (genitive plural)
τοῖν ὄσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄσσοις (dative plural)
τὼ ὄσσε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄσσε (accusative plural)
ὄσσε (dual vocative)
ὄσσε (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *óťťe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷih₁, dual of *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), root noun of *h₃ekʷ- (“to see, eye”). Cognates include Latin oculus (“eye”), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi), Old Armenian ակն (akn), աչք (ačʻkʻ), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō), Proto-Slavic *oko, Old English ēage (English eye).

τὸν τόθ’ ὑπ’ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε
θέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα:
tòn tóth’ hup’ Idomenêï Poseidáōn edámasse

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.434–435

thélxas ósse phaeiná, pédēse dè phaídima guîa:

[…] λάκε δ’ ὀστέα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε
πὰρ ποσὶν αἱματόεντα χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν,
ἰδνώθη δὲ πεσών: […]
[…] láke d’ ostéa, tṑ dé hoi ósse
pàr posìn haimatóenta khamaì péson en koníēisin,
idnṓthē dè pesṓn: […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.616–618

κοίμησόν μοι Ζηνὸς ὑπ’ ὀφρύσιν ὄσσε φαεινὼ
αὐτίκ’ ἐπεί κεν ἐγὼ παραλέξομαι ἐν φιλότητι.
koímēsón moi Zēnòs hup’ ophrúsin ósse phaeinṑ

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.236–237

autík’ epeí ken egṑ paraléxomai en philótēti.

[…] πυρὶ δ’ ὄσσε δεδήει.
[…] purì d’ ósse dedḗei.

οὔτε νεώτατός ἐσσι μετ’ Ἀργείοισι τοσοῦτον,
οὔτέ τοι ὀξύτατον κεφαλῆς ἐκδέρκεται ὄσσε:
oúte neṓtatós essi met’ Argeíoisi tosoûton,

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.476–477

oúté toi oxútaton kephalês ekdérketai ósse:

βῆ δ’ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,
ὅς τ’ εἶσ’ ὑόμενος καὶ ἀήμενος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε
δαίεται: […]
bê d’ ímen hṓs te léōn oresítrophos alkì pepoithṓs,
hós t’ eîs’ huómenos kaì aḗmenos, en dé hoi ósse
daíetai: […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.130–132

[…] ἐκ δέ οἱ ὤμων
ἣν ἑκατὸν κεφαλαὶ ὄφιος, δεινοῖο δράκοντος,
γλώσσῃσιν δνοφερῇσι λελιχμότες, ἐκ δέ οἱ ὄσσων
θεσπεσίῃς κεφαλῇσιν ὑπ’ ὀφρύσι πῦρ ἀμάρυσσεν·
[…] ek dé hoi ṓmōn
hḕn hekatòn kephalaì óphios, deinoîo drákontos,
glṓssēisin dnopherêisi lelikhmótes, ek dé hoi óssōn

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 824–827

thespesíēis kephalêisin hup’ ophrúsi pûr amárussen;

δακρυσίστακτα δ’ ἀπ’ ὄσσων
ῥαδινὰν λειβομένα ῥέος παρειὰν
νοτίοις ἔτεγξα παγαῖς:
dakrusístakta d’ ap’ óssōn
rhadinàn leiboména rhéos pareiàn

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 400–402

ante AD 8th C., Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 3.400.5

ἐν μέσσωι δ’ ἀδάμαντος ἔην Φόβος οὔ τι φατειός,
ἔμπαλιν ὄσσοισιν πυρὶ λαμπομένοισι δεδορκώς·
en méssōi d’ adámantos éēn Phóbos oú ti phateiós,

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 144–145

émpalin óssoisin purì lampoménoisi dedorkṓs;

Τὸν μὲν ἔπειτ’ εἴασε Διὸς ταλακάρδιος υἱός,
αὐτὸς δὲ βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρην προσιόντα δοκεύσας,
δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι, λέων ὣς σώματι κύρσας,
ὅς τε μάλ’ ἐνδυκέως ῥινὸν κρατεροῖς ὀνύχεσσι
σχίσσας ὅττι τάχιστα μελίφρονα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα·
ἐμ μένεος δ’ ἄρα τοῦ γε κελαινὸν πίμπλαται ἦτορ·
γλαυκιόων δ’ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους
οὐρῆι μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν
ἔτλη ἐς ἄντα ἰδὼν σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι·
Tòn mèn épeit’ eíase Diòs talakárdios huiós,
autòs dè brotoloigòn Árēn prosiónta dokeúsas,
deinòn horôn óssoisi, léōn hṑs sṓmati kúrsas,
hós te mál’ endukéōs rhinòn krateroîs onúkhessi
skhíssas hótti tákhista melíphrona thumòn apēúra;
em méneos d’ ára toû ge kelainòn pímplatai êtor;
glaukióōn d’ óssois deinòn pleurás te kaì ṓmous
ourêi mastióōn possìn gláphei, oudé tis autòn

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 424–432

étlē es ánta idṑn skhedòn elthémen oudè mákhesthai;

ὄσταθι κἄντα ⟨θᾶ με φίλαν⟩ φίλος
καὶ τὰν ἐπ’ ὄσσοισ’ ὀμπέτασον χάριν.
óstathi kánta ⟨thâ me phílan⟩ phílos

630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Collected Works 29

[…] φοβερὰ
δ’ ἐμοῖσιν ὄσσοις ὀμίχλα
προσῇξε πλήρης δακρύων
σὸν δέμας εἰσιδούσᾳ
πέτραις προσαυαινόμενον
ταῖσδ’ ἀδαμαντοδέτοισι λύμαις.
[…] phoberà
d’ emoîsin óssois omíkhla
prosêixe plḗrēs dakrúōn
sòn démas eisidoúsāi
pétrais prosauainómenon

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 144–147

[…] βουκόλος δὲ γηγενὴς
ἄκρατος ὀργὴν Ἄργος ὡμάρτει, πυκνοῖς
ὄσσοις δεδορκὼς τοὺς ἐμοὺς κατὰ στίβους.
[…] boukólos dè gēgenḕs
ákratos orgḕn Árgos hōmártei, puknoîs

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 677–679

óssois dedorkṑs toùs emoùs katà stíbous.

[…] βάλλεται γὰρ ὄσ-
σοις Διόθεν κάρανα.
[…] bálletai gàr ós-

τὸν δ’ ἀγρίοις ὄσσοισι παπτήνας ὁ παῖς,
πτύσας προσώπῳ κοὐδὲν ἀντειπών, ξίφους
ἕλκει διπλοῦς κνώδοντας. […]
tòn d’ agríois óssoisi paptḗnas ho paîs,
ptúsas prosṓpōi koudèn anteipṓn, xíphous
hélkei diploûs knṓdontas. […]

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ichneutae 47

1115 – 1195, Eustathius of Thessalonica, Collected Works 58.28

5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον


δεσπότης

δεσπότης • (despótēs) m (genitive δεσπότου); first declension

despótēs (romanization)
δεσπότου (genitive)
ὁ δεσπότης (nominative singular)
τὼ δεσπότᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ δεσπόται (nominative plural)
τοῦ δεσπότου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δεσπόταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δεσποτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δεσπότῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δεσπόταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δεσπόταις (dative plural)
τὸν δεσπότην (accusative singular)
τὼ δεσπότᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δεσπότᾱς (accusative plural)
δέσποτᾰ (singular vocative)
δεσπότᾱ (dual vocative)
δεσπόται (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: δεσπότης (despótis)
→ Romanian: despot

Borrowings

→ Medieval Latin: despota

→ Old French: despote

Middle French: despote

French: despote
→ Dutch: despoot

→ English: despot

→ German: Despot
→ Hungarian: despota

→ Italian: despota
→ Spanish: déspota

→ Albanian: despot

→ Belarusian: дэспат (despat)

→ Bulgarian: деспот (despot)

→ Catalan: dèspota

→ Czech: despota

→ Danish: despot

→ Estonian: despoot

→ Finnish: despootti

→ Georgian: დესპოტი (desṗoṭi)

→ Latvian: despots

→ Lithuanian: despotas

→ Macedonian: деспот (despot)

→ Norwegian: despot

→ Polish: despota

→ Portuguese: déspota

→ Russian: деспот (despot)

→ Serbo-Croatian: despot, деспот

→ Slovak: despota

→ Slovene: despota

→ Swedish: despot

→ Ukrainian: деспот (despot)

From Proto-Hellenic *déspotis, an original phrase from Proto-Indo-European *déms pótis (“master of the house”), from *dṓm (“house”), whence also Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos, “house”); and *pótis (“master”), whence also Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “husband”); with an ending influenced by -της (-tēs, masculine adjectival suffix). Cognate with Sanskrit दम्पति (dám-pati, “lord of the house”).

cog

master, lord (most commonly in the context of one who owns slaves)


χολέρα

grc-noun

χολέρᾰ • (kholéra) f (genitive χολέρᾱς); first declension

χολέρᾰ (canonical)
kholéra (romanization)
χολέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χολέρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χολέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χολέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χολέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χολέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χολερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χολέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χολέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χολέραις (dative plural)
τὴν χολέρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χολέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χολέρᾱς (accusative plural)
χολέρᾰ (singular vocative)
χολέρᾱ (dual vocative)
χολέραι (plural vocative)

Greek: χολέρα (choléra)

→ Latin: cholera

A medical expression. Formally it may be compared with ὑστέρα (hustéra, “uterus, womb”) and names of diseases like ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”) and ὕδερος (húderos, “dropsy”). Perhaps, this word is a substantivization from unattested *χολερός (*kholerós), with shift of accent. According to Beekes, a basic derivation is more likely from χολή (kholḗ, “gall, bile”) than from χολάς (kholás, “entrails, guts”), but a Pre-Greek origin cannot be ruled out. Irish galar (“sickness, illness”) has to be kept separate.

cholera, a disease in which the humors of the body are violently discharged by vomiting and stool


πλάνης

πλᾰ́νης • (plánēs) m (genitive πλᾰ́νητος); third declension

πλᾰ́νης (canonical)
plánēs (romanization)
πλᾰ́νητος (genitive)
ὁ πλᾰ́νης (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́νητε (dual nominative)
οἱ πλᾰ́νητες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰ́νητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰνήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰνήτων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰ́νητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰνήτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰ́νησῐ (dative plural)
πλᾰ́νησῐν (dative plural)
toîs plánēsi (dative plural)
toîs plánēsin (dative plural)
τὸν πλᾰ́νητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́νητε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλᾰ́νητᾰς (accusative plural)
πλᾰ́νης (singular vocative)
πλᾰ́νητε (dual vocative)
πλᾰ́νητες (plural vocative)


πλανήτης

πλᾰνήτης • (planḗtēs) m (genitive πλᾰνήτου); first declension

πλᾰνήτης (canonical)
planḗtēs (romanization)
πλᾰνήτου (genitive)
ὁ πλᾰνήτης (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰνήτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πλᾰνῆται (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰνήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰνήταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰνητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰνήτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰνήταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰνήταις (dative plural)
τὸν πλᾰνήτην (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰνήτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλᾰνήτᾱς (accusative plural)
πλᾰνῆτᾰ (singular vocative)
πλᾰνήτᾱ (dual vocative)
πλᾰνῆται (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Planetes

Greek: πλανήτης m (planítis, “planet”)

→ Latin: planeta (see there for further descendants)

πλανάω (planáō, “to wander”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix)

affix

(medicine) a fever that comes in irregular fits


ἕρμα

grc-noun

ἕρμᾰ • (hérma) n (genitive ἕρμᾰτος); third declension

ἕρμᾰ (canonical)
hérma (romanization)
ἕρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἕρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἕρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἕρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἕρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἕρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἕρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἕρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hérmasi (dative plural)
toîs hérmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἕρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἕρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἕρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἕρμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἕρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἕρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wérhmə, of disputed origin:
* Perhaps related to εἴρω (eírō, “I string together”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
* Alternatively, cognate with Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “protrusion, summit, peak, top, vertex”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérsmn̥ (“protrusion, bump, hill, summit, peak, top”) and, via the root *wers- (“to rise, protrude; peak”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”), Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), and probably Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”). Though, the Mycenaean Greek cognate 𐀁𐀔𐀲 (e-ma-ta /*hérmata/, “straps, pl.”) lacks the expected initial */w/.
* A conflation of these two.

cog

(a stabilizing entity): prop, support, foundation, stay (of a ship), ballast


λεξικά

head

λεξικά • (lexiká) n

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of λεξικόν (lexikón)


λύκοι

grc-noun form

λύκοι • (lúkoi)

nominative/vocative plural of λύκος (lúkos)


ἱερεύς

grc-noun

ῐ̔ερεύς • (hiereús) m (genitive ῐ̔ερέως); third declension

ῐ̔ερεύς (canonical)
hiereús (romanization)
ῐ̔ερέως (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔ερεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔ερῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔ερῆς (nominative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔ερέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔ερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔ερέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔ερεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔ερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔ερεῦσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hiereûsi (dative plural)
toîs hiereûsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔ερέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔ερῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔ερέᾱς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῦ (singular vocative)
ῐ̔ερῆ (dual vocative)
ῐ̔ερῆς (plural vocative)
ῐ̔ερεῖς (plural vocative)
ῐ̔ερεύς (nominative singular)
ῐ̔ερῆε (dual nominative)
ῐ̔ερῆες (nominative plural)
ῐ̔ερῆος (genitive singular)
ῐ̔ερέος (genitive singular)
ῐ̔ερήοιῐν (dual genitive)
ῐ̔ερήων (genitive plural)
ῐ̔ερῆῐ̈ (dative singular)
ῐ̔ερέῐ̈ (dative singular)
ῐ̔ερήοιῐν (dative dual)
ῐ̔ερήεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔ερήεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῦσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῦσῐν (dative plural)
hierḗessi (dative plural)
hierḗessin (dative plural)
hiereûsi (dative plural)
hiereûsin (dative plural)
ῐ̔ερῆᾰ (accusative singular)
ῐ̔ερέᾰ (accusative singular)
ῐ̔ερῆε (accusative dual)
ῐ̔ερῆᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔ερεῦ (singular vocative)
ῐ̔ερῆε (dual vocative)
ῐ̔ερῆες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιερέας m (ieréas)

Russian: иерей m (ijerej)

From ῐ̔ερός (hierós, “holy”) + -εύς (-eús, suffix for person concerned). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀄 (i-je-re-u).


κιθάρας

grc-noun form

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς • (kithárās)

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (canonical)
kithárās (romanization)

inflection of κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā):
genitive singular

inflection of κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā):
accusative plural


τέκνου

head

τέκνου • (téknou)


τέκνα

τέκνα • (tékna)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of τέκνον (téknon)


τέκνων

τέκνων • (téknōn)


σκύλους

σκύλους • (skúlous)

contracted genitive singular of σκύλος (skúlos)


τέκνον

grc-noun

τέκνον • (téknon) n (genitive τέκνου); second declension

téknon (romanization)
τέκνου (genitive)
τὸ τέκνον (nominative singular)
τὼ τέκνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τέκνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέκνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τέκνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τέκνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέκνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τέκνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέκνοις (dative plural)
τὸ τέκνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τέκνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τέκνᾰ (accusative plural)
τέκνον (singular vocative)
τέκνω (dual vocative)
τέκνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τέκνο (tékno)

From Proto-Hellenic *téknon, from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-, perhaps via τίκτω (tíktō, “I bear”). Cognates include Old English þegn (“servant”), Old High German degan and possibly Sanskrit तोक (toka, “offspring, child”).


μονή

μονή • (monḗ) f (genitive μονῆς); first declension

monḗ (romanization)
μονῆς (genitive)
ἡ μονή (nominative singular)
τὼ μονᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μοναί (nominative plural)
τῆς μονῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μοναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μονῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μοναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μοναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μονήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μονᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μονᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μονή (singular vocative)
μονᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μοναί (plural vocative)

Greek: μονή (moní)

Coptic: ⲙⲟⲛⲏ (monē)

τῆς γῆς

Ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ μονὴ πρὸ πάσης προόδου οὔπω δὲ τὰ διάφορα ἐπὶ τῆς ἀδιαφόρου φύσεως.

C.E. 515–529, Damascius Diadochus, edited by Charles-Émile Ruelle, Ἀπορίαι καὶ λύσεις περὶ τῶν πρώτων ἀρχῶν εἰς τὸν Πλάτωνος Παρμενίδην [Problems and Solutions Concerning First Principles in Plato’s Parmenides], volume I of II, Paris: C. Klincksieck, bibliopola, published 1889, ¶ 36, page 73, lines 16–17:

Aeì gàr hē monḕ prò pásēs proódou oúpō dè tà diáphora epì tês adiaphórou phúseōs.

Πάλιν δὲ ἀπ᾽ ἄλλης ἀρχῆς ἀρξάμενοι λέγομεν περὶ γνωστοῦ τε καὶ γνώσεως, καὶ ἔτι πρότερον περὶ μονῆς καὶ προόδου καὶ ἐπιστροφῆς· ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων τῶν λόγων φανεῖται καὶ τίς ἡ χρεία τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τί τὸ γνωστόν· ἔτι δὲ ἀπὸ τούτων ἀπορήσομεν καὶ εἴ τίς ἐστι μονὴ καὶ πρόοδος καὶ ἐπιστροφὴ ἐν τῷ ἡνωμένῳ· καὶ πρό γε πάντων ζητητέον πῶς τὸ πρῶτον ἀφ᾽ ἑτέρου ἕτερον διεκρίθη· τὸ γὰρ δὴ πρῶτον διακρινόμενον ἢ διακεκριμένον (ἔστω γὰρ ἐπὶ τούτου ὁ λόγος), τὸ δ᾽ οὖν διακεκριμένον, ἀλλὰ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐκεῖνο ἀφ᾽ οὗ διακέκριται, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸ διακεκριμένον.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

a staying, abiding, tarrying, stay; persistence, continuance

τοῦ ν

50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 50.25

415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 1129

416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 957

414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 418, (lyric poetry)

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.1.5

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1..94, (opposed to ἔξοδος)

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 437b, (opposed to φορά)

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 205a.17, (opposed to κίνησις)

τὴν μονὴν ποιεῖσθαι

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.131

μὴ λαμβάνειν μονὴν μηδὲ στάσιν

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 4.41.4

μ. τις καὶ στάσις τῆς φωνῆς

400 BCE – 250 BCE, Aristoxenus, Harm. p.12.M.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 230a.20, (plural)

κινήσεις ἢ μοναί

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On the Soul 408b.18

μονὰς ποιεῖσθαι

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 1.3.12

τοῦ αἰσθήματος

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 99b.36

110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 10.31.7

ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ πατρός μου μοναὶ πολλαί εἰσιν· εἰ δὲ μή, εἶπον ἂν ὑμῖν· πορεύομαι ἑτοιμάσαι τόπον ὑμῖν.

en têi oikíāi toû patrós mou monaì pollaí eisin; ei dè mḗ, eîpon àn humîn; poreúomai hetoimásai tópon humîn.

ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ἐάν τις ἀγαπᾷ με, τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσει, καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα, καὶ μονὴν παρ’ αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν.

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 14:23

apekríthē ho Iēsoûs kaì eîpen autôi, Eán tis agapâi me, tòn lógon mou tērḗsei, kaì ho patḗr mou agapḗsei autón, kaì pròs autòn eleusómetha, kaì monḕn par’ autôi poiḗsomen.

Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae 527.5, (Hierapolis)

a stopping-place, station; apartment, mansion; quarters, billets

ante C.E. 390, Gregory of Nazianzus 220, (in volume 37 of Patrologia Graeca (1857–1866), edited by Jacques Paul Migne)

482 CE – 565 CE, Justinian, New Constitutions 133.1

iii B.C., PHib. 93.2

iii B.C., PHib. 111.31


νεῦρον

νεῦρον • (neûron) n (genitive νεύρου); second declension

neûron (romanization)
νεύρου (genitive)
τὸ νεῦρον (nominative singular)
τὼ νεύρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νεῦρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νεύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ νεύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νεύροις (dative plural)
τὸ νεῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ νεύρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νεῦρᾰ (accusative plural)
νεῦρον (singular vocative)
νεύρω (dual vocative)
νεῦρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: neuro-, neuron

→ French: neuro-

Greek: νεύρο (névro)

→ Russian: нейро́н (nejrón)

From Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“band, sinew”). Cognate with Latin nervus, English sinew, Sanskrit स्नावन् (snā́van, “tendon, muscle, sinew”), Old Armenian նեարդ (neard), and Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (snāuuar^ə).


πόλεων

grc-noun form

πόλεων • (póleōn)


πόλεις

πόλεις • (póleis)

English: poleis, -poleis

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of πόλις (pólis)


πόλεως

πόλεως • (póleōs) f

The accent seems to violate the usual Dreimorengesetz; but this form arose from an earlier πόληος (pólēos) (retained in Doric and Aeolic) by quantitative metathesis; see: πόλις (pólis)


χειμών

grc-noun

χειμών • (kheimṓn) m (genitive χειμῶνος); third declension

kheimṓn (romanization)
χειμῶνος (genitive)
ὁ χειμών (nominative singular)
τὼ χειμῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ χειμῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χειμῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειμώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειμώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ χειμῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειμώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χειμῶσῐ (dative plural)
χειμῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheimôsi (dative plural)
toîs kheimôsin (dative plural)
τὸν χειμῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χειμῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χειμῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
χειμών (singular vocative)
χειμῶνε (dual vocative)
χειμῶνες (plural vocative)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.549

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 675

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 643


χεῖμα

χεῖμᾰ • (kheîma) n (genitive χείμᾰτος); third declension

χεῖμᾰ (canonical)
kheîma (romanization)
χείμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ χεῖμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χείμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ χείμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χείμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
χείμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheímasi (dative plural)
toîs kheímasin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χείμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖμᾰ (singular vocative)
χείμᾰτε (dual vocative)
χείμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰeimə, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéymn̥ (“winter”). Cognate with Sanskrit हिम (hima).


μόλυβδος

μόλυβδος • (mólubdos) m (genitive μολύβδου); second declension

mólubdos (romanization)
μολύβδου (genitive)
ὁ μόλῠβδος (nominative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόλῠβδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μολῠ́βδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μολῠ́βδων (genitive plural)
τῷ μολῠ́βδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μολῠ́βδοις (dative plural)
τὸν μόλῠβδον (accusative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μολῠ́βδους (accusative plural)
μόλῠβδε (singular vocative)
μολῠ́βδω (dual vocative)
μόλῠβδοι (plural vocative)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀗𐀪𐀺𐀈 (mo-ri-wo-do), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root *mergʷ- (“dark”), whence also English murky, Albanian marrtë (“dim as twilight; blurry”). Probably not cognate with Latin plumbum (“lead”), despite superficial similarity.