σκέπη

grc-noun

σκέπη • (sképē) f (genitive σκέπης); first declension

sképē (romanization)
σκέπης (genitive)
ἡ σκέπη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκέπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκέπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκέπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκέπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκέπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκέπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκέπαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκέπην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκέπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκέπᾱς (accusative plural)
σκέπη (singular vocative)
σκέπᾱ (dual vocative)
σκέπαι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Related to σκέπας (sképas), σκέπω (sképō). Although the stem looks Indo-European and could be projected back to a pre form *skep-, no good cognates are known. Only some Balto-Slavic forms like Lithuanian kepùre, Proto-Slavic *čepьcь (“bonnet”) may be connected, although these reflect an s-less stem *kep-.


ὑφέν

huphén (romanization)
ἡ ῠ̔φέν (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔φέν (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔φέν (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔φέν (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔φέν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔φέν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔φέν (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔φέν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔φέν (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔φέν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔φέν (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔φέν (accusative plural)
ῠ̔φέν (singular vocative)
ῠ̔φέν (dual vocative)
ῠ̔φέν (plural vocative)

Univerbation of ὑφ' ἕν (huph' hén), from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “by, under”) + ἕν (hén, “one”), neuter of εἷς (heîs, “one”)

affix

170 BCE – 90 BCE, Dionysius Thrax, Supp. 674.4


ὄπιον

grc-noun

ὄπῐον • (ópion) n (genitive ὀπῐ́ου); second declension

ὄπῐον (canonical)
ópion (romanization)
ὀπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ὄπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄπῐον (singular vocative)
ὀπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὄπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: opium, opion
→ Asturian: opiu
→ Catalan: opi
→ Czech: opium
→ English: opium
→ French: opium
→ German: Opium
→ Italian: oppio
→ Middle Dutch: opium
Dutch: opium
Afrikaans: opium
→ Indonesian: opium
→ West Frisian: opium
→ Portuguese: ópio
→ Romanian: opiu
→ Russian: о́пиум (ópium)
→ Spanish: opio

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (apiyōn)

Persian: اپیون (apiyôn), هپیون (hapiyōn)

desctree

→ Arabic: أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn), أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn) — obsolete
→ Chinese: 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
→ Kurdish
Northern Kurdish: afyon, efyon
→ Middle Armenian: աֆիօն (afiōn), աֆիոն (afion)
→ Indonesian: apiun
→ Madurese: ꦲꦕ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀
→ Old French: affion
→ Ottoman Turkish: آفیون (afyon), աֆիյօն (afiyon) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: afyon
→ Hungarian: áfium
→ Macedonian: афион (afion)
→ Romanian: afion
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: афѝо̄н
Latin script: afìōn
→ Persian: افیون (afyun), اپیون (apyun), ابیون (abyun), هپیون (hapyun), هبیون (habyun), آپیون (âpyun), پیون (piyun)
→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)
→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)
→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)
→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)
→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)
→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)
→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)
→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)
→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)
→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)
→ Uzbek: afyun
→ Spanish: anfión
→ Sundanese: apiun
→ Swahili: afyuni

desc

→ Georgian: აფიონი (apioni), აფთიონი (aptioni)

→ Old Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

Middle Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion), աբիոն (abion)

Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

→ Sanskrit: अफेन (aphena)


δώτωρ

grc-noun

δώτωρ • (dṓtōr) m (genitive δώτορος); third declension

dṓtōr (romanization)
δώτορος (genitive)
ὁ δώτωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ δώτορε (dual nominative)
οἱ δώτορες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δώτορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δωτόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δωτόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ δώτορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δωτόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δώτορσῐ (dative plural)
δώτορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dṓtorsi (dative plural)
toîs dṓtorsin (dative plural)
τὸν δώτορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δώτορε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δώτορᾰς (accusative plural)
δῶτορ (singular vocative)
δώτορε (dual vocative)
δώτορες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *dṓtōr, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tōr (“giver, donor”), from *deh₃- (“to give”) (whence also δίδωμι (dídōmi, “I give”)).
Cognates include Sanskrit दातृ (dā́tṛ) and Latin dator.


εὐνή

grc-noun

εὐνή • (eunḗ) f (genitive εὐνῆς); first declension

eunḗ (romanization)
εὐνῆς (genitive)
ἡ εὐνή (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐναί (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐνῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνῶν (genitive plural)
εὐνῆφι (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐνῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν εὐνήν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
εὐνή (singular vocative)
εὐνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
εὐναί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

εὐνῶν, εὐνῆφι

Epic also has εὐνῆφι(ν) for the genitive singular and plural.

Greek: ευνή (evní)

Uncertain. Compare Old Irish úam (“cave, hole, an animal's lair”), Avestan 𐬎𐬥𐬁 (unā, “hole, slit in the earth”). Others wanted to relate it to Old Armenian ունիմ (unim, “to have, own”).
Van Beek suggests a derivation from an older adjective, Proto-Indo-European *(H)yew-mn-o- (“secluded, private”). He further points to a separate origin for the sense 'anchor-stones', referencing a proposal by Szemerényi to connect it with a Semitic word for 'stone', perhaps Phoenician 𐤀𐤁𐤍 (ʾbn, “stone”).
Has also been suggested as related to Proto-Celtic *wentā (“place, town”), from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wen-.

m+

(in the plural) stones thrown from a ship and used as anchors


εὖνις

grc-noun

εὖνῐς • (eûnis) f (genitive εὔνῐδος); third declension

εὖνῐς (canonical)
eûnis (romanization)
εὔνῐδος (genitive)
ἡ εὖνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ εὔνῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς εὔνῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ εὔνῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὔνῐσῐ (dative plural)
εὔνῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs eúnisi (dative plural)
taîs eúnisin (dative plural)
τὴν εὔνῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὔνῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
εὖνῐς (singular vocative)
εὔνῐδε (dual vocative)
εὔνῐδες (plural vocative)


εὖνις

εὖνῐς • (eûnis) m or f (genitive εὔνῐδος or εὔνῐος); third declension

εὖνῐς (canonical)
eûnis (romanization)
εὔνῐδος (genitive)
εὔνῐος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ εὖνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐδε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ εὔνῐδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς εὔνῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ εὔνῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς εὔνῐσῐ (dative plural)
εὔνῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs eúnisi (dative plural)
taîs eúnisin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν εὔνῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς εὔνῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
εὖνῐς (singular vocative)
εὔνῐδε (dual vocative)
εὔνῐδες (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ εὖνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ εὔνῐες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς εὔνῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ εὔνῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς εὔνῐσῐ (dative plural)
εὔνῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs eúnisi (dative plural)
taîs eúnisin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν εὖνῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὔνῐε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς εὔνῑς (accusative plural)
εὔνῐᾰς (accusative plural)
εὖνῐ (singular vocative)
εὔνῐε (dual vocative)
εὔνῐες (plural vocative)

Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to abandon”).


ἐρυσίπελας

grc-noun

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς • (erusípelas) n (genitive ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος); third declension

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (canonical)
erusípelas (romanization)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasi (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (singular vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

→ Latin: erysipelas

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

Medical term of unusual formation. Traditionally derived from ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós, “red”) + Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”); compare πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole of foot”) and Latin pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”). According to Beekes, it may also be of Pre-Greek origin, comparing the first element of the word with the first element of ἐρῠσῑ́βη (erusī́bē, “rust in plants”) and ἐρῠσῐ́σκηπτρον (erusískēptron, “kind of plant”).


στάτωρ

grc-noun

στάτωρ • (státōr) m (genitive στάτορος); third declension

státōr (romanization)
στάτορος (genitive)
ὁ στάτωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ στάτορε (dual nominative)
οἱ στάτορες (nominative plural)
τοῦ στάτορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στατόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στατόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ στάτορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στατόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στάτορσῐ (dative plural)
στάτορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs státorsi (dative plural)
toîs státorsin (dative plural)
τὸν στάτορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στάτορε (accusative dual)
τοὺς στάτορᾰς (accusative plural)
στάτορ (singular vocative)
στάτορε (dual vocative)
στάτορες (plural vocative)


προστάτης

προστάτης • (prostátēs) m (genitive προστάτου); first declension

prostátēs (romanization)
προστάτου (genitive)
ὁ προστᾰ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ προστᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ προστᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ προστᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν προστᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προστᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ προστᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν προστᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προστᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν προστᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ προστᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς προστᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
προστᾰ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
προστᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
προστᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: праста́та (prastáta)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ (prostatēs)

Greek: προστάτης (prostátis)

→ Medieval Latin: prostata (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: простата (prostata)

→ Russian: проста́та (prostáta)

From the root of προΐστημι (proḯstēmi, “to stand in front”) + -της (-tēs), the former from προ- (pro-) + ἵστημι (hístēmi).


μητέρας

head

μητέρας • (mētéras)


μητέρων

μητέρων • (mētérōn)


πατέρα

πᾰτέρᾰ • (patéra)

πᾰτέρᾰ (canonical)
patéra (romanization)


μητέρες

μητέρες • (mētéres)

nominative/vocative plural of μήτηρ (mḗtēr)


πατέρες

πατέρες • (patéres)

nominative/vocative plural of πατήρ (patḗr)


πατέρων

πατέρων • (patérōn)


δούξ

grc-noun

δούξ • (doúx) m (genitive δουκός); third declension

doúx (romanization)
δουκός (genitive)
ὁ δούξ (nominative singular)
τὼ δοῦκε (dual nominative)
οἱ δοῦκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δουκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν δουκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δουκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δουκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν δουκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δουξῐ́ (dative plural)
δουξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs douxí (dative plural)
toîs douxín (dative plural)
τὸν δοῦκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δοῦκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δοῦκᾰς (accusative plural)
δούξ (singular vocative)
δοῦκε (dual vocative)
δοῦκες (plural vocative)

Greek: δούκας (doúkas)

→ Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)

→ Coptic: ⲇⲟⲩⲝ (douks)

desctree

→ Italian: duca
→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)
Turkish: duka

Hellenistic Koine term borrowed from Latin dux (“leader”).

(Medieval Greek (Byzantine)) leader, duke


ἀγγεῖον

grc-noun

ἀγγεῖον • (angeîon) n (genitive ᾰ̓γγείου); second declension

angeîon (romanization)
ᾰ̓γγείου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓γγεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γγείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓γγεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γγείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γγείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γγείων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γγείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γγείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γγείοις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓γγεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γγείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓γγεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γγεῖον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γγείω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γγεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: αγγείο n (angeío, “vessel, pot, jar”) (learned)

From ἄγγος (ángos, “vessel”) + -εῖον (-eîon).


θύρσος

grc-noun

θῠ́ρσος • (thúrsos) m (genitive θῠ́ρσου); second declension

θῠ́ρσος (canonical)
thúrsos (romanization)
θῠ́ρσου (genitive)
ὁ θῠ́ρσος (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ρσω (dual nominative)
οἱ θῠ́ρσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́ρσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ρσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠ́ρσων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́ρσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ρσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́ρσοις (dative plural)
τὸν θῠ́ρσον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ρσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῠ́ρσους (accusative plural)
θῠ́ρσε (singular vocative)
θῠ́ρσω (dual vocative)
θῠ́ρσοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: thyrsus (see there for further descendants)

Probably an Anatolian loanword; compare Luwian [script needed] (tuwarsa, “vine”).

cog

thyrsus, a wand wreathed in ivy and vine-leaves with a pine-cone or a blooming artichoke at the top, carried by the devotees of Dionysus

Hesychius defines it as κλάδος (kládos, “stick, branch”), ῥάβδος (rhábdos, “stick, rod”)


κεραμίς

grc-noun

κερᾰμῐ́ς • (keramís) f (genitive κερᾰμῐ́δος); third declension

κερᾰμῐ́ς (canonical)
keramís (romanization)
κερᾰμῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κερᾰμῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κερᾰμῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κερᾰμῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰμῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κερᾰμῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κερᾰμῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κερᾰμῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs keramísi (dative plural)
taîs keramísin (dative plural)
τὴν κερᾰμῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κερᾰμῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κερᾰμῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κερᾰμῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κερᾰμῐ́δες (plural vocative)
ἡ κερᾰμῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῖδε (dual nominative)
αἱ κερᾰμῖδες (nominative plural)
τῆς κερᾰμῖδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῑ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰμῑ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κερᾰμῖδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῑ́δοιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν κερᾰμῖσῐ (dative plural)
κερᾰμῖσῐν (dative plural)
têisi keramîsi (dative plural)
têisi keramîsin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν κερᾰμῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῖδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κερᾰμῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
κερᾰμῑ́ς (singular vocative)
κερᾰμῖδε (dual vocative)
κερᾰμῖδες (plural vocative)

From κέρᾰμος (kéramos, “pottery”) + -ίς (-ís).


καρκίνος

grc-noun

καρκῐ́νος • (karkínos) m (genitive καρκῐ́νου); second declension

καρκῐ́νος (canonical)
karkínos (romanization)
καρκῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ καρκῐ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ καρκῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ καρκῐ́νᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καρκῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρκῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ καρκῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καρκῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν καρκῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ καρκῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς καρκῐ́νᾰ (accusative plural)
καρκῐ́νε (singular vocative)
καρκῐ́νω (dual vocative)
καρκῐ́νᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Armenian: կարակին (karakin), կարկին (karkin)

Armenian: կարկին (karkin)

Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *karkros, with cognates including Latin cancer, and possibly Sanskrit कर्कट (karkaṭa), although relationship with the latter is less certain. There are elements which point to a non-Indo-European origin, perhaps Pre-Greek.

pair of pincers, a type of torture instrument

items which resemble a crab's pincers
temple bones

items which resemble a crab's pincers
type of shoe

items which resemble a crab's pincers
type of bandage

items which resemble a crab's pincers
pair of compasses

items which resemble a crab's pincers
distillery


κίρκος

grc-noun

κίρκος • (kírkos) m (genitive κίρκου); second declension

kírkos (romanization)
κίρκου (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́ρκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́ρκω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́ρκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́ρκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́ρκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́ρκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́ρκοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́ρκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́ρκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐ́ρκους (accusative plural)
κῐ́ρκε (singular vocative)
κῐ́ρκω (dual vocative)
κῐ́ρκοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: circus

→ Translingual: Circus, Circaetus

Compare κρέξ (kréx, “crane, crex”) and κρίκος (kríkos, “ring”) for the "hawk" and "circle" meanings respectively (the different senses may well be of different origin).

(Hesychius) κωπηλάτης (kōpēlátēs, “rower”)

κωπηλάτης (kōpēlátēs, “rower”)

(Hesychius) ἡ τοῦ αἰγείρου βλάστησις (hē toû aigeírou blástēsis, “sprouting of the black poplar”)


μᾶκος

μᾶκος • (mâkos) n (genitive μᾱ́κεος); third declension

mâkos (romanization)
μᾱ́κεος (genitive)
τὸ μᾶκος (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́κεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾱ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾱ́κεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾱκέων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾱ́κεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾱ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
μᾱ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mā́kesi (dative plural)
toîs mā́kesin (dative plural)
τὸ μᾶκος (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́κεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾱ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾶκος (singular vocative)
μᾱ́κεε (dual vocative)
μᾱ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)


κάννα

κᾰ́ννᾱ • (kánnā) f (genitive κᾰ́ννης); first declension

κᾰ́ννᾱ (canonical)
kánnā (romanization)
κᾰ́ννης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́ννᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́νναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́ννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́νναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́ννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́νναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́νναις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́ννᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́ννᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ννᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ννᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́νναι (plural vocative)

Greek: κάννη (kánni)

→ Latin: canna (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Latin: *cannālis, canālis (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”), whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀜𐀛𐀠 (ko-no-ni-pi /konōni-pʰi/). There are indications, according to Beekes, it may have come through a Pre-Greek source, perhaps Anatolian.


κονίς

grc-noun

κονῐ́ς • (konís) f (genitive κονῐ́δος); third declension

κονῐ́ς (canonical)
konís (romanization)
κονῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κονῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κονῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κονῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κονῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κονῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κονῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κονῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κονῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κονῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs konísi (dative plural)
taîs konísin (dative plural)
τὴν κονῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κονῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κονῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κονῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κονῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κονῐ́δες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *-níd-. Cognates include Old Armenian անիծ (anic), Albanian thëri, Old English hnitu (English nit).

(usually in the plural) nit, egg of a flea, louse


κεραμίδιον

κερᾰμῐ́δῐον • (keramídion) n (genitive κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου); second declension

κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (canonical)
keramídion (romanization)
κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰμῐδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰμῐδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (singular vocative)
κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: κεραμίδι (keramídi)
→ Bulgarian: керемида (keremida)
→ Aromanian: chirãmidã
→ Macedonian: ќерамида (ḱeramida)
→ Megleno-Romanian: chirămidă
→ Romanian: cărămidă
→ Ottoman Turkish: كرمید (kiremid), كرمت (keremit, kiremit), كرمیت (keremit, kiremit), քիրէմիտ (kiremid) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: kiremit
→ Armenian: քիրեմիտ (kʻiremit), քիրամիտ (kʻiramit)
→ Laz: კერემიდი (ǩeremidi)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ћеремид／ćeremid

desc

Pontic Greek: κεραμίδιν (keramídin), κεραμίδι (keramídi), κεραμίδ' (keramíd')

→ Aramaic: קַרְמִידָא

→ Aramaic: קַרְמִידָא / ܩܱܪܡܺܝܕܴܐ (qarmīḏā)

→ Arabic: قِرْمِيد (qirmīd)

→ Old Armenian: կղմինդր (kłmindr)

Unsorted:

Georgian: კრამიტი (ḳramiṭi)

From κερᾰμῐ́ς (keramís, “roof-tile”) + -ῐον (-ion), from κέρᾰμος (kéramos, “pottery”).


τετράς

grc-noun

τετρᾰ́ς • (tetrás) f (genitive τετρᾰ́δος); third declension

τετρᾰ́ς (canonical)
tetrás (romanization)
τετρᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ τετρᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τετρᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τετρᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τετρᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τετρᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τετρᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τετρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τετρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs tetrási (dative plural)
taîs tetrásin (dative plural)
τὴν τετρᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τετρᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τετρᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τετρᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
τετρᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
τετρᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: տետր (tetr)

→ Russian: тетра́дь (tetrádʹ)

→ Bulgarian: тетра̀дка (tetràdka)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (whence also τέσσαρες (téssares, “four”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás).

the number four
the fourth day of the month

the number four
the fourth day of the week

the number four
the four quarters of the moon


κρίκος

κρῐ́κος • (kríkos) m (genitive κρῐ́κου); second declension

κρῐ́κος (canonical)
kríkos (romanization)
κρῐ́κου (genitive)
ὁ κρῐ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρῐ́κοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῐ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῐ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῐ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρῐ́κον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρῐ́κους (accusative plural)
κρῐ́κε (singular vocative)
κρῐ́κω (dual vocative)
κρῐ́κοι (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from a reduplicated form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”). However, due to the relation with κίρκος (kírkos, “ring”), whose root structure cannot be smoothly reconstructed back to Proto-Indo-European, Beekes is skeptical of current explanations, and refrains from assigning any etymology.


κέρασος

grc-noun

κέρᾰσος • (kérasos) m (genitive κερᾰ́σου); second declension

κέρᾰσος (canonical)
kérasos (romanization)
κερᾰ́σου (genitive)
ὁ κέρᾰσος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρᾰσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρᾰσον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερᾰ́σους (accusative plural)
κέρᾰσε (singular vocative)
κερᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
κέρᾰσοι (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of κερᾰσός (kerasós)


κράββατος

κρᾰ́ββᾰτος • (krábbatos) m (genitive κρᾰββᾰ́του); second declension

κρᾰ́ββᾰτος (canonical)
krábbatos (romanization)
κρᾰββᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ κρᾰ́ββᾰτος (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰββᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ κρᾰ́ββᾰτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰββᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰββᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰββᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰββᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰββᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰββᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν κρᾰ́ββᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰββᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρᾰββᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́ββᾰτε (singular vocative)
κρᾰββᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́ββᾰτοι (plural vocative)

desc

κραβ(β)άτιον

⇒ Koine Greek: κραβ(β)άτιον (krab(b)átion) (diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: κρεβάτι(ο)ν (krebáti(o)n)

desctree

Greek: κρεβάτι (kreváti), κρεββάτι (krevváti)
→ Albanian: krevat
→ Aromanian: crivati
→ Romanian: crivat (regional, archaic)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كروت (kerevet) (see there for further descendants)
→ Russian: кровать (krovatʹ) (see there for further descendants)

Mariupol Greek: крева́ть (krjevátʹ)

→ Russian: крова́ть (krovátʹ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: grabātus
→ French: grabat
→ Portuguese: grabato

From Ancient Macedonian *γράβος (grabos, “oak”), attested by γράβιον (grabion, “torch”); the Macedonian term appears to be of substrate origin. Compare Latin grabātus (“cot, pallet”).


υἱύς

grc-noun

υἱύς • (huiús) m (genitive υἱέος); third declension

huiús (romanization)
υἱέος (genitive)
υἱῠ́ς (nominative singular)
υἱεῖ (dual nominative)
υἱεῖς (nominative plural)
υἱέος (genitive singular)
υἱέοιν (dual genitive)
υἱέων (genitive plural)
υἱεῖ (dative singular)
υἱέοιν (dative dual)
υἱέσι (dative plural)
υἱέσιν (dative plural)
υἱῠ́ν (accusative singular)
υἱεῖ (accusative dual)
υἱεῖς (accusative plural)
υἱῠ́ (singular vocative)
υἱεῖ (dual vocative)
υἱεῖς (plural vocative)
ῡ̔ῠ́ς (nominative singular)
ῡ̔εῖ (dual nominative)
ῡ̔εῖς (nominative plural)
ῡ̔έος (genitive singular)
ῡ̔έοιν (dual genitive)
ῡ̔έων (genitive plural)
ῡ̔εῖ (dative singular)
ῡ̔έοιν (dative dual)
ῡ̔έσι (dative plural)
ῡ̔έσιν (dative plural)
ῡ̔ῠ́ν (accusative singular)
ῡ̔εῖ (accusative dual)
ῡ̔εῖς (accusative plural)
ῡ̔ῠ́ (singular vocative)
ῡ̔εῖ (dual vocative)
ῡ̔εῖς (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *hūyús. Cognate with Old Armenian ուստր (ustr), Tocharian A se, Tocharian B soy.


μέταξα

μέταξα • (métaxa) f (genitive μετάξης); first declension

métaxa (romanization)
μετάξης (genitive)
ἡ μέταξᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μετάξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μέταξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μετάξης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετάξαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεταξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μετάξῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετάξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μετάξαις (dative plural)
τὴν μέταξᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μετάξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μετάξᾱς (accusative plural)
μέταξᾰ (singular vocative)
μετάξᾱ (dual vocative)
μέταξαι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܡܝܛܟܣܐ (miṭaksā)

desc

מיטכסא / מטכסא / מטקסא

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מיטכסא / מטכסא / מטקסא (məṭaqṣā, məṭakṣā, miṭakṣā)

→ Arabic: مِدَقْس (midaqs), دِمَقْس (dimaqs)

desctree

→ Latin: mataxa, metaxa
→ Albanian: mëndafsh
Aragonese: madaxa
Aromanian: mãtasi, mãtase
→ Basque: mataza
Catalan: madeixa
Dalmatian: matuos
French: matasse
Galician: madeixa
Italian: matassa
Portuguese: matassa, madeixa
Romanian: mătase
Old Spanish: madexa
Spanish: madeja

→ Old Armenian: մետաքս (metakʻs)
→ Armenian: մետաքս (metakʻs)

→ Old Georgian: მეტაქსი (meṭaksi)

desc

→ Laz: მეტაქსი (meťaksi), მეკტასი (meǩťasi) — Vizha


τάλαντον

grc-noun

τᾰ́λαντον • (tálanton) n (genitive τᾰλάντου); second declension

τᾰ́λαντον (canonical)
tálanton (romanization)
τᾰλάντου (genitive)
τὸ τᾰ́λαντον (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰλάντω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́λαντᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰλάντου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰλάντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰλάντων (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰλάντῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰλάντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰλάντοις (dative plural)
τὸ τᾰ́λαντον (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰλάντω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́λαντᾰ (accusative plural)
τᾰ́λαντον (singular vocative)
τᾰλάντω (dual vocative)
τᾰ́λαντᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τάλαντο (tálanto)

→ Latin: talentum

→ English: talent

→ Old Armenian: տաղանդ (tałand)

Armenian: տաղանդ (taġand)

→ Russian: тала́нт (talánt)

From Proto-Hellenic *tálanton, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-, whence also ἔτλην (étlēn, “to carry, endure”).

balance, scale (usually in the plural)
tax paid for use of public scales

talent (weight, often of gold or silver)

the monetary sum equaling a talent (weight) of gold or silver


μῆκος

μῆκος • (mêkos) n (genitive μήκους or μήκεος); third declension

mêkos (romanization)
μήκους (genitive)
μήκεος (genitive)
τὸ μῆκος (nominative singular)
τὼ μήκει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μήκη (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήκους (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μήκει (dative singular)
τοῖν μηκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήκεσῐ (dative plural)
μήκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mḗkesi (dative plural)
toîs mḗkesin (dative plural)
τὸ μῆκος (accusative singular)
τὼ μήκει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μήκη (accusative plural)
μῆκος (singular vocative)
μήκει (dual vocative)
μήκη (plural vocative)
τὸ μῆκος (nominative singular)
τὼ μήκει (dual nominative)
μήκεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μήκεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήκεος (genitive singular)
μήκευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηκέων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήκει (dative singular)
μήκεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν μήκεσῐ (dative plural)
μήκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi mḗkesi (dative plural)
toîsi mḗkesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ μῆκος (accusative singular)
τὼ μήκει (accusative dual)
μήκεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μήκεᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆκος (singular vocative)
μήκει (dual vocative)
μήκεε (dual vocative)
μήκεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μήκος (míkos)

From Proto-Hellenic *mā́kos, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂ḱos. Cognates include Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (masah), Latin maciēs, and Hittite [script needed] (mak-l-ant-).

length (spatial measurement)
any linear measurement


φασιανός

φᾱσῐᾱνός • (phāsiānós) m (genitive φᾱσῐᾱνοῦ); second declension

φᾱσῐᾱνός (canonical)
phāsiānós (romanization)
φᾱσῐᾱνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φᾱσῐᾱνός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾱσῐᾱνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾱσῐᾱνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾱσῐᾱνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾱσῐᾱνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾱσῐᾱνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾱσῐᾱνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾱσῐᾱνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾱσῐᾱνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾱσῐᾱνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾱσῐᾱνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾱσῐᾱνούς (accusative plural)
φᾱσῐᾱνέ (singular vocative)
φᾱσῐᾱνώ (dual vocative)
φᾱσῐᾱνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: φασιανός (fasianós)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܣܝܢܐ (pasyānā)

→ Hebrew: פסיון (pasyon)

→ Latin: phāsiānus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: փասիան (pʻasian) (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Phasianus

From Φᾱσῐᾱνός (Phāsiānós, “Phasian”) (with the implied substantive ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”)) from Φᾶσῐς (Phâsis, “Phasis”), from where, it was supposed, the bird spread to the west.

Phasianus colchicus
Phasianus colchicus#Translingual


ἀββᾶς

ἀββᾶς • (abbâs) m (genitive ἀββᾶδος); third declension


ἐκχύμωσις

ἐκχῡ́μωσῐς • (ekkhū́mōsis) f (genitive ἐκχῡμώσεως); third declension

ἐκχῡ́μωσῐς (canonical)
ekkhū́mōsis (romanization)
ἐκχῡμώσεως (genitive)
ἡ ἐκχῡ́μωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκχῡμώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐκχῡμώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐκχῡμώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκχῡμωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκχῡμώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐκχῡμώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκχῡμωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐκχῡμώσεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐκχῡμώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ekkhūmṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs ekkhūmṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐκχῡ́μωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκχῡμώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐκχῡμώσεις (accusative plural)
ἐκχῡ́μωσῐ (singular vocative)
ἐκχῡμώσει (dual vocative)
ἐκχῡμώσεις (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: ecchymōsis

→ English: ecchymosis


κριθή

κρῑθή • (krīthḗ) f (genitive κρῑθῆς); first declension

κρῑθή (canonical)
krīthḗ (romanization)
κρῑθῆς (genitive)
ἡ κρῑθή (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κρῑθαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κρῑθῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑθαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κρῑθῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑθαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρῑθαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κρῑθήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρῑθᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κρῑθή (singular vocative)
κρῑθᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κρῑθαί (plural vocative)

→ English: crith

Uncertain. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, with cognates including Latin hordeum, Old High German gersta, but there are phonetic difficulties with this. Rather closer are Albanian drithë, Old Armenian գարի (gari), as if from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-. Or perhaps of Proto-Albanian/Illyrian origin, which may explain the vowel. Egyptian origin has also been considered. Beekes, not convinced by any proposal, suggests an old Wanderwort; others have suggested a substrate. He notes that the Epic form points to an original root noun *krītʰ-.


ὄρρος

ὄρρος • (órrhos) m (genitive ὄρρου); second declension

órrhos (romanization)
ὄρρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄρρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρρους (accusative plural)
ὄρρε (singular vocative)
ὄρρω (dual vocative)
ὄρροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁orsos (“bottom, arse”). Cognates include Old Armenian ոռ (oṙ), Old Irish err, Old English ærs (English arse, ass), and perhaps Hittite 𒅈𒊏𒀸 (arraš). See also οὐρᾱ́ (ourā́, “tail”).


ὄρρος

grc-noun

ὄρρος • (órrhos) m (genitive ὅρρου); second declension

órrhos (romanization)
ὅρρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄρρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρρους (accusative plural)
ὄρρε (singular vocative)
ὄρρω (dual vocative)
ὄρροι (plural vocative)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ἐκκύκλημα

grc-noun

ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτος

ἐκκῠ́κλημᾰ • (ekkúklēma) n (genitive ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτος); third declension

ἐκκῠ́κλημᾰ (canonical)
ekkúklēma (romanization)
ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐκκῠ́κλημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκκῠκλημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκκῠκλημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκκῠκλημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐκκῠκλήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐκκῠκλήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ekkuklḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs ekkuklḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἐκκῠ́κλημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐκκῠ́κλημᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐκκῠκλήμᾰτος

English: eccyclema

From ἐκκῠκλέω (ekkukléō, “I roll out”) + -μᾰ (-ma, result noun suffix).

af

a wheeled device used in ancient Greek plays, which could be rolled out to portray the interior of a set

el:εκκύκλημα


ἀπόπτυγμα

grc-noun

ἀποπτύγματος

ἀπόπτυγμα • (apóptugma) n (genitive ἀποπτύγματος); third declension

apóptugma (romanization)
ἀποπτύγματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀπόπτυγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποπτύγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀποπτύγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀποπτύγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποπτυγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποπτυγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀποπτύγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποπτυγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀποπτύγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀποπτύγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs apoptúgmasi (dative plural)
toîs apoptúgmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀπόπτυγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποπτύγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀποπτύγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀπόπτυγμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀποπτύγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀποπτύγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀποπτύγματος

From ἀπο- (apo-, “back”) + πτύσσω (ptússō, “I fold”) + -μα (-ma).

confix

a portion of a χιτών (khitṓn, “tunic, coat”) folded back


χιτών

grc-noun

χῐτών • (khitṓn) m (genitive χῐτῶνος); third declension

χῐτών (canonical)
khitṓn (romanization)
χῐτῶνος (genitive)
ὁ χῐτών (nominative singular)
τὼ χῐτῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ χῐτῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῐτῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῐτώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῐτώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ χῐτῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῐτώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῐτῶσῐ (dative plural)
χῐτῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khitôsi (dative plural)
toîs khitôsin (dative plural)
τὸν χῐτῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χῐτῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῐτῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
χῐτών (singular vocative)
χῐτῶνε (dual vocative)
χῐτῶνες (plural vocative)

English: chiton

Greek: χιτώνας m (chitónas)

Portuguese: quitão, quíton

Russian: хито́н m (xitón)

Together with Mycenaean Greek 𐀑𐀵 (ki-to) and likely Latin tunica from some Central Semitic *kittān, as found in Aramaic כִּיתּוּנָא (kittōnā, “tunic”) / ܟܝܬܘܢܐ (kittōnā, “tunic”), Hebrew כֻּתֹּנֶת (kuttṓnĕṯ, “tunic”), which is derived from the local word for flax, found as Aramaic כּיתָּנָא (kittānā, “flax”) / ܟܬܢܐ (kettānā, “flax”), Akkadian 𒃰 (kitûm, “flax”), Sumerian 𒃰 (gada, “flax”).


πέτασος

πέτᾰσος • (pétasos) m or f (genitive πετᾰ́σου); second declension

πέτᾰσος (canonical)
pétasos (romanization)
πετᾰ́σου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πέτᾰσος (nominative singular)
τὼ πετᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πέτᾰσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πετᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πετᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πετᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πετᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πετᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πετᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πέτᾰσον (accusative singular)
τὼ πετᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πετᾰ́σους (accusative plural)
πέτᾰσε (singular vocative)
πετᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
πέτᾰσοι (plural vocative)

From πετάννυμι (petánnumi, “I open, spread out”).

broad-brimmed hat, commonly worn by young men; petasus, petasos


ἀκόνιτον

ᾰ̓κόνῑτον • (akónīton) n (genitive ᾰ̓κονῑ́του); second declension

ᾰ̓κόνῑτον (canonical)
akónīton (romanization)
ᾰ̓κονῑ́του (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓κόνῑτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓κονῑ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓κόνῑτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓κονῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κονῑ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓κονῑ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓κονῑ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓κονῑ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓κονῑ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓κόνῑτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓κονῑ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓κόνῑτᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓κόνῑτον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓κονῑ́τω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓κόνῑτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܐܩܢܝܛܘܢ (yʔqnyṭwn), ܩܘܢܝܛܘܢ (qwnyṭwn)

→ Latin: aconītum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ակոնիտոն (akoniton), ակոնիտովն (akonitovn), անկոնիտովն (ankonitovn)

→ Old Georgian: აკონიტონი (aḳoniṭoni)

Derived from ᾰ̓κόνῑτος (akónītos, “without struggle, without force or fight”, literally “without dust”). This originates from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-, “without”) and the verb κονίω (koníō, “to roll into the dust, to sprinkle or cover with dust”), or metaphorically "to prepare for combat." The root word κόνις (kónis) refers to "dust."
While it may be tempting to interpret akónītos as "invincible" due to its deadly nature, this would be incorrect. A more accurate interpretation suggests that the herb renders one powerless, unable to fight back, leading to a metaphorical 'biting of the dust' at the very spot where it is encountered. This explanation aligns with the semantic attributes uniquely associated with this phytonym.
Compare further the semantics of φθορά (phthorá) in Greek and phthora in Latin, which carry meanings of "destruction," "death," "passing out of existence," "loss," "damage," and even "seduction," "rape," "miscarriage," or "abortion." These terms denote the same species in different languages, such as modern Spanish tuera, and refer to other poisonous plants in the ranunculaceous family. The form antiphthora and variations like antithora and anthora are similarly formed with privative meanings.
Further, terms like κώνειον (kṓneion, “hemlock”) and κονή (konḗ, “hemlock”) are derived in a similar manner, often referring to plants notorious for their lethal properties, and are frequently confused in regions where neither is native.

Aconitum napellus
Aconitum napellus#Translingual


τρίγωνον

grc-noun

τρῐ́γωνον • (trígōnon) n (genitive τρῐγώνου); second declension

τρῐ́γωνον (canonical)
trígōnon (romanization)
τρῐγώνου (genitive)
τὸ τρῐ́γωνον (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐγώνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τρῐ́γωνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρῐγώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρῐγώνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρῐγώνοις (dative plural)
τὸ τρῐ́γωνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐγώνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τρῐ́γωνᾰ (accusative plural)
τρῐ́γωνον (singular vocative)
τρῐγώνω (dual vocative)
τρῐ́γωνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: trigon, trigonon

Neuter substantive of τρίγωνος (trígōnos, “three-cornered”), from τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”)

triangular oriental harp, spindle harp (musical instrument)

(astronomy) the constellation Triangulum


τομάριον

τομᾰ́ρῐον • (tomárion) n (genitive τομᾰρῐ́ου); second declension

τομᾰ́ρῐον (canonical)
tomárion (romanization)
τομᾰρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ τομᾰ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ τομᾰρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τομᾰ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τομᾰρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τομᾰρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τομᾰρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ τομᾰρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τομᾰρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τομᾰρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ τομᾰ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ τομᾰρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τομᾰ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
τομᾰ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
τομᾰρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
τομᾰ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: τομάρι (tomári)

desctree

→ Arabic: طُومَار (ṭūmār), طَامُور (ṭāmūr)
→ Old Armenian: տումար (tumar)
→ Classical Persian: طُومَار (tūmār)
→ Ottoman Turkish: طومار (tumar, tomar)
Turkish: tomar
→ Kazakh: тұмар (tūmar)

→ Italian: tomaio

→ Old Armenian: տոմար (tomar)

From τόμος (tómos, “tome”) + -ᾰ́ρῐον (-árion).


τόμος

grc-noun

τόμος • (tómos) m (genitive τόμου); second declension

tómos (romanization)
τόμου (genitive)
ὁ τόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ τόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τόμους (accusative plural)
τόμε (singular vocative)
τόμω (dual vocative)
τόμοι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac script: ܛܘܡܣܐ (ṭūmsā)

desctree

→ Latin: tomus
→ French: tome, tomme (learned)
→ English: tome
→ Romanian: tom
→ Russian: том m (tom)
→ Italian: tomo (learned)
→ Polish: tom
→ Portuguese: tomo (learned)
→ Spanish: tomo (learned)

→ Old Armenian: տոմս (toms), տոմ (tom)

desc

→ Old Armenian: հատոր (hator) (semantic loan)

τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”) + -ος (-os). Hypothetically inherited from Proto-Hellenic *tómos, from Proto-Indo-European *tómh₁-o-s, from *temh₁- (“to cut”).


ἀριθμός

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (canonical)
arithmós (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρῐθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ρῐθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓ρῐθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ρῐθμούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αριθμός (arithmós)

Αριθμοί m pl (Arithmoí, “Numbers”)

Pontic Greek: αριθμόν (arithmón)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, from *h₂rey- (“to count, arrange”). Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).

ἀριθμητική

ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós)

quantity, amount (of a material, gold, money, time)

numbered or countable item (in a series or list), item; piece (of a wrecked ship); mere entity, cipher (to a person)

taking account or evaluation; regard (for a woman); reckoning (by a person's words)

science of numbers, arithmetic, calculation

mathematical unit or aggregate of units, number (as odd or even); (as underlying the organisation of time and space); (as the cause of being and generation);(existing as an ideal entity, opp. as a mathematical object)

numerical sum, number, total number (of persons, animals, things)

(rhetorical) numerical measurement (of the configuration of speech, reference to rhythm)

collection (of individuals forming a group), number, company (of men, envoys, disciples)

(astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time


τόκος

τόκος • (tókos) m (genitive τόκου); second declension

tókos (romanization)
τόκου (genitive)
ὁ τόκος (nominative singular)
τὼ τόκω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόκων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόκοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόκον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τόκους (accusative plural)
τόκε (singular vocative)
τόκω (dual vocative)
τόκοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: տոկոս (tokos)

→ English: toco-

Greek: τόκος (tókos)

From τίκτω (tíktō, “I beget”).
The "oppression" sense is a semantic loan from Hebrew תּוֹך (tóch).


ἔρως

ἔρως • (érōs) m (genitive ἔρωτος); third declension

érōs (romanization)
ἔρωτος (genitive)
ὁ ἔρως (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔρωτε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔρωτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔρωτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔρωτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔρωσῐ (dative plural)
ἔρωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs érōsi (dative plural)
toîs érōsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἔρωτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔρωτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔρωτᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔρως (singular vocative)
ἔρωτε (dual vocative)
ἔρωτες (plural vocative)

Greek: έρως (éros), έρωτας (érotas)

From ἔραμαι (éramai), ἐράω (eráō, “I love”).

Sophocles, Antigone 781
Ἔρως ἀνίκατε μάχαν
Érōs aníkate mákhan
O Love unconquered in battle

love, desire (usually of a romantic/sexual nature) (often personified)

...οὕτω τὸν ἀπὸ σώματος καὶ ὥρας ὀξὺν ἔρωτα τῶν νεογάμων ἀναφλεγόμενον δεῖ μὴ διαρκῆ μηδὲ βέβαιον νομίζειν, ἂν μὴ περὶ τὸ ἦθος ἰδρυθεὶς καὶ τοῦ φρονοῦντος ἁψάμενος ἔμψυχον λάβῃ διάθεσιν.
(trans. Babbitt) "...so the keen love between newly married people that blazes up fiercely as the result of physical attractiveness must not be regarded as enduring or constant, unless, by being centred about character and by gaining a hold upon the rational faculties, it attains a state of vitality."

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Coniugalia praecepta §138f

...hoútō tòn apò sṓmatos kaì hṓras oxùn érōta tôn neogámōn anaphlegómenon deî mḕ diarkê mēdè bébaion nomízein, àn mḕ perì tò êthos idrutheìs kaì toû phronoûntos hapsámenos émpsukhon lábēi diáthesin.

(phys. or non-phys.) attraction, (sexual) desire


ματαιότης

μᾰταιότης • (mataiótēs) f (genitive μᾰταιότητος); third declension

μᾰταιότης (canonical)
mataiótēs (romanization)
μᾰταιότητος (genitive)
ἡ μᾰταιότης (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰταιότητε (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰταιότητες (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰταιότητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰταιοτήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰταιοτήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰταιότητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰταιοτήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰταιότησῐ (dative plural)
μᾰταιότησῐν (dative plural)
taîs mataiótēsi (dative plural)
taîs mataiótēsin (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰταιότητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰταιότητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰταιότητᾰς (accusative plural)
μᾰταιότης (singular vocative)
μᾰταιότητε (dual vocative)
μᾰταιότητες (plural vocative)

From μᾰ́ταιος (mátaios, “empty”) + -της (-tēs).


κεραμεύς

grc-noun

κερᾰμεύς • (kerameús) m (genitive κερᾰμέως); third declension

κερᾰμεύς (canonical)
kerameús (romanization)
κερᾰμέως (genitive)
ὁ κερᾰμεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ κερᾰμῆς (nominative plural)
κερᾰμεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰμέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰμέων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰμεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰμεῦσῐ (dative plural)
κερᾰμεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kerameûsi (dative plural)
toîs kerameûsin (dative plural)
τὸν κερᾰμέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερᾰμέᾱς (accusative plural)
κερᾰμεῦ (singular vocative)
κερᾰμῆ (dual vocative)
κερᾰμῆς (plural vocative)
κερᾰμεῖς (plural vocative)

From κέρᾰμος (kéramos, “pottery”) + -εύς (-eús, suffix for person concerned).
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀐𐀨𐀕𐀄 (ke-ra-me-u /kerameus/, “potter”).

cog

(figuratively, in the phrases κεραμέως πλοῦτος, κεραμεὺς ἄνθρωπος) something frail and uncertain

in the phrases κεραμέως πλοῦτος


πέτρος

grc-noun

πέτρος • (pétros) m or f (genitive πέτρου); second declension

pétros (romanization)
πέτρου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πέτρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πέτρω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πέτροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πέτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πέτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πέτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πέτροις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πέτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πέτρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πέτρους (accusative plural)
πέτρε (singular vocative)
πέτρω (dual vocative)
πέτροι (plural vocative)

Of Pre-Greek origin. Related to πέτρα (pétra, “rock formation”).


κονίδες

head

κονῐ́δος • (konídos)

κονῐ́δος (canonical)
konídos (romanization)

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of κονῐ́ς (konís)


σταφυλῖνος

grc-noun

στᾰφῠλῖνος • (staphulînos) m (genitive στᾰφῠλῑ́νου); second declension

στᾰφῠλῖνος (canonical)
staphulînos (romanization)
στᾰφῠλῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ στᾰφῠλῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ στᾰφῠλῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στᾰφῠλῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰφῠλῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰφῠλῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ στᾰφῠλῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰφῠλῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στᾰφῠλῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν στᾰφῠλῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στᾰφῠλῑ́νους (accusative plural)
στᾰφῠλῖνε (singular vocative)
στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (dual vocative)
στᾰφῠλῖνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σταφυλίνος (stafylínos)

Armenian:

→ Middle Armenian: ստեպղին (stepġin)

Armenian: ստեպղին (stepġin)

→ Georgian: სტაფილო (sṭapilo)

→ Latin: staphylīnus

Semitic:

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܦܠܝܢ (ʾesṭap̄līn)

→ Arabic: إصْطَفْلِين (ʔiṣṭaflīn)

→ Arabic: إصْطَفْلِين (ʔiṣṭaflīn)

From στᾰφῠλή (staphulḗ, “grape”) + -ῖνος (-înos).

af

type of insect, about the size of a beetle


βαλανεῖον

grc-noun

βᾰλᾰνεῖον • (balaneîon) n (genitive βᾰλᾰνείου); second declension

βᾰλᾰνεῖον (canonical)
balaneîon (romanization)
βᾰλᾰνείου (genitive)
τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰλᾰνείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλᾰνείων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰλᾰνείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰλᾰνείοις (dative plural)
τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
βᾰλᾰνεῖον (singular vocative)
βᾰλᾰνείω (dual vocative)
βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: balneum, balineum, balneus, baneum (nonstandard)
Italo-Romance:
Corsican: bagnu
Italian: bagno (see there for further descendants)
Sicilian: vagnu
Padanian:
Friulian: bagn
Lombard: bagne
Romansch: bogn
Venetan: bagno
Gallo-Romance:
Catalan: bany
Occitan: banh
Old French: bain
French: bain
Walloon: bagn
→ Middle English: bain
English: bain
Ibero-Romance:
Asturian: bañu
Old Galician-Portuguese: banno
Galician: baño
Portuguese: banho
Old Spanish: banno
Ladino: banyo
Spanish: baño
Borrowings:
→ Albanian: banjë
→ Proto-Slavic: *baňa (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: բաղանիք (bałanikʻ), բաղանի (bałani) — singular form attested once
Armenian: բաղնիք (bałnikʻ)

Attempts have been made to connect with βάλανος (bálanos, “acorn”), but are semantically unconvincing. According to Beekes, considering the semantic category and lack of convincing Indo-European cognates, it is Pre-Greek, while Furnée compares Old Georgian აბანოჲ (abanoy, “bathroom”).


ὄφελος

grc-noun

ὄφελος • (óphelos) n (genitive ὀφέλους); third declension

óphelos (romanization)
ὀφέλους (genitive)
τὸ ὄφελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀφέλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀφέλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀφέλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφελοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀφελῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀφέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφελοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀφέλεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀφέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ophélesi (dative plural)
toîs ophélesin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄφελος (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀφέλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀφέλη (accusative plural)
ὄφελος (singular vocative)
ὀφέλει (dual vocative)
ὀφέλη (plural vocative)

Greek: όφελος (ófelos)

From Proto-Hellenic *opʰelos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰel- (whence also ὀφείλω (opheílō)). Cognates include Old Armenian աւելի (aweli, “more”), յաւելում (yawelum, “I add”).

furtherance, advantage, help, good, benefit

(governs the dative) help against something


χρεία

χρείᾱ • (khreíā) f (genitive χρείᾱς); first declension

χρείᾱ (canonical)
khreíā (romanization)
χρείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χρείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ χρείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χρεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χρείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χρείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρείαις (dative plural)
τὴν χρείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρείᾱς (accusative plural)
χρείᾱ (singular vocative)
χρείᾱ (dual vocative)
χρεῖαι (plural vocative)

business, purpose (especially military purpose)


ποτήριον

ποτήρῐον • (potḗrion) n (genitive ποτηρῐ́ου); second declension

ποτήρῐον (canonical)
potḗrion (romanization)
ποτηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ποτήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ποτηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ποτήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποτηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποτηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποτηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ποτηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποτηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποτηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ποτήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ποτηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ποτήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ποτήρῐον (singular vocative)
ποτηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ποτήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek:

Modern Greek: ποτήρι (potíri)

Tsakonian: ποκήρι (pokíri)

→ Latin: poterium

Diminutive of ποτήρ (potḗr, “cup”), from πίνω (pínō, “I drink”)

cup
receptacle for offerings in a temple

goat's thorn (Astragalus spp., eg, Astragalus poterium, Astragalus tragacanthus)


παρουσία

πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ • (parousíā) f (genitive πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
parousíā (romanization)
πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρουσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρουσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρουσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρουσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρουσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρουσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
πᾰρουσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰρουσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ English: parousia, parusia

→ French: parousie

Greek: παρουσία (parousía)

From παρών (parṓn, “present”) + -ία (-ía).

arrival, especially a visit of a royal or official person

(Christianity) the advent, second coming

(astrology) situation of a planet at a point on the zodiac

substance, property
monetary contribution


ὀστοῦν

ὀστοῦν • (ostoûn) n (genitive ὀστοῦ); second declension

ostoûn (romanization)
ὀστοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ὀστοῦν (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀστᾶ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ὀστοῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀστᾶ (accusative plural)
ὀστοῦν (singular vocative)
ὀστώ (dual vocative)
ὀστᾶ (plural vocative)

(Attic, contracted) Alternative spelling of ὀστέον (ostéon)


ὄστρεον

ὄστρεον • (óstreon) n (genitive ὀστρέου); second declension

óstreon (romanization)
ὀστρέου (genitive)
τὸ ὄστρεον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστρέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστρέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστρέοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄστρεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄστρεον (singular vocative)
ὀστρέω (dual vocative)
ὄστρεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ostrum

Italian: ostro

→ English: ostro

Russian: у́стрица (ústrica)

Traditionally assumed to be related to ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), though Beekes rejects this connection due to lack of other evidence for an Indo-European pre-form *ostr- (as well as the word category of seafood being generally unlikely to be of Indo-European origin), and instead takes the word as Pre-Greek.

purple pigment, probably that produced by murex


μῆδος

head

μῆδος • (mêdos)

hypothetical nominative/accusative/vocative singular of μήδεα (mḗdea) (both etymologies)


ὄστρακον

grc-noun

ὄστρᾰκον • (óstrakon) n (genitive ὀστρᾰ́κου); second declension

ὄστρᾰκον (canonical)
óstrakon (romanization)
ὀστρᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ ὄστρᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστρᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστρᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστρᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄστρᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄστρᾰκον (singular vocative)
ὀστρᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
ὄστρᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όστρακο (óstrako)

→ Latin: astracum

French: âtre

Portuguese: óstraco

Galician: ástrago

Italian: lastrico

Neapolitan: asteco

→ Old High German: esterih

Middle High German: esterich

German: Estrich

→ Polish: strych

Traditionally held to be related to ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) and ὄστρεον (óstreon, “oyster”). Beekes considers it more likely to be Pre-Greek, which does not exclude a relation to ὄστρεον (óstreon).

earthen vessel
fragment of such a vessel, potsherd

the hard shell of animals such as mollusks and turtles


πάσχα

Greek: Πάσχα (Páscha)

desctree

⇒ Greek: Πασχαλιά (Paschaliá)
→ Crimean Tatar: Pashalya
→ Gagauz: paskellä
→ Ottoman Turkish: پاسقالیه (paskalya)
Ladino: Paskalyá
Turkish: paskalya
→ Zazaki: paskalya

→ Belarusian: Пасха (Pasxa)

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰 (paska)

→ Latin: pascha (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: պասքա (paskʻa)

→ Old Georgian: პასქაჲ (ṗaskay)

Georgian: პასქა (ṗaska) (possibly learned)

→ Polish: Pascha

→ Romanian: pască

→ Russian: Пасха (Pasxa)
→ Alutiiq: Paas'kaaq
→ Azerbaijani: Pasxa
→ Kazakh: Пасха (Pasxa)
→ Yiddish: פּאַסכע (paskhe)
→ Yup'ik: Paaskaaq

⇒ Russian: пасха (pasxa), па́ска (páska)
→ English: paskha
→ Finnish: pasha
→ Polish: pascha

→ Ukrainian: паска (paska)

→ English: paska

Borrowed from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (pasḥā), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pesaḥ).

Septuaginta, Exodus, 12, 11.
οὕτως δὲ φάγεσθε αὐτό· […] καὶ ἔδεσθε αὐτὸ μετὰ σπουδῆς· πασχα ἐστὶν κυρίῳ.
hoútōs dè phágesthe autó; […] kaì édesthe autò metà spoudês; paskha estìn kuríōi.

You will eat it this way: […] and you will eat it with haste: it is the Passover of the Lord.

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 10, 70, in Ralph Marcus (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 6 (Jewish Antiquities, books IX–XI), LCL, pages 194-197. Translation by Marcus.
καὶ καθαρίσας οὕτω τὴν χώραν ἅπασαν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα τὸν λαὸν συνεκάλεσε κἀκεῖ τὴν ἀζύμων ἑορτὴν καὶ τὴν πάσχα λεγομένην ἤγαγεν: ἐδωρήσατό τε τῷ λαῷ τὸ πάσχα νεογνοὺς ἐρίφους καὶ ἄρνας δισμυρίους, βοῦς δ’ εἰς ὁλοκαυτώματα τρισχιλίους.
kaì katharísas hoútō tḕn khṓran hápasan eis Hierosóluma tòn laòn sunekálese kakeî tḕn azúmōn heortḕn kaì tḕn páskha legoménēn ḗgagen: edōrḗsató te tôi laôi tò páskha neognoùs eríphous kaì árnas dismuríous, boûs d’ eis holokautṓmata triskhilíous.

and having thus purified the entire country, he called the people together at Jerusalem and there celebrated the festival of Unleavened Bread and that called Passover (Pascha). He also presented gifts to the people for the Passover (consisting of) thirty thousand kids and lambs, and three thousand oxen for the whole burnt-offerings.

Scrivener New Testament, Mark 14,16, 1894.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εὗρον καθὼς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἡτοίμασαν τὸ πάσχα.
Kaì exêlthon hoi mathētaì autoû kaì êlthon eis tḕn pólin kaì heûron kathṑs eîpen autoîs kaì hētoímasan tò páskha.

His disciples went out, went to the city and found it as he said to them and they prepared the Passover meal.

Septuaginta, Exodus, 12, 27.
καὶ ἐρεῖτε αὐτοῖς θυσία τὸ πασχα τοῦτο κυρίῳ, ὡς ἐσκέπασεν τοὺς οἴκους τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ἡνίκα ἐπάταξεν τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους, τοὺς δὲ οἴκους ἡμῶν ἐρρύσατο.
kaì ereîte autoîs thusía tò paskha toûto kuríōi, hōs esképasen toùs oíkous tôn huiôn Israēl en Aigúptōi, hēníka epátaxen toùs Aiguptíous, toùs dè oíkous hēmôn errhúsato.

And you will say to them: "This paschal lamb is a sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the homes of the Israelites in Egypt, when he slew the Egyptians, yet our homes he spared."

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 11, 110, in Ralph Marcus (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 6 (Jewish Antiquities, books IX–XI), LCL, pages 366-369. Translation by Marcus, comment in square brackets not his.
καὶ τὴν πάσχα προσαγορευομένην θυσίαν τῇ τετράδι καὶ δεκάτῃ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μηνὸς ἐπιτελέσαντες κατευωχήθησαν ἐπὶ ἡμέρας ἑπτὰ μηδεμιᾶς φειδόμενοι πολυτελείας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ὁλοκαυτώσεις ἐπιφέροντες τῷ θεῷ καὶ χαριστηρίους θυσίας ἱερουργοῦντες ἀνθ’ ὧν αὐτοὺς ποθοῦν τὸ θεῖον πάλιν εἰς τὴν πάτριον γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ νόμους ἤγαγεν καὶ τὴν τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως διάνοιαν εὐμενῆ κατέστησεν αὐτοῖς.
kaì tḕn páskha prosagoreuoménēn thusían têi tetrádi kaì dekátēi toû autoû mēnòs epitelésantes kateuōkhḗthēsan epì hēméras heptà mēdemiâs pheidómenoi poluteleías, allà kaì tàs holokautṓseis epiphérontes tôi theôi kaì kharistēríous thusías hierourgoûntes anth’ hôn autoùs pothoûn tò theîon pálin eis tḕn pátrion gên kaì toùs en autêi nómous ḗgagen kaì tḕn toû Persôn basiléōs diánoian eumenê katéstēsen autoîs.

and, after offering the sacrifice called Pascha on the fourteenth of the same month [Nisan], they feasted for seven days, sparing no expense but bringing the whole burnt-offerings to God and performing the sacrifices of thanksgiving because the Deity had brought them back to the land of their fathers and to its laws, and had disposed the mind of the Persian king favourably to them.


ὕπαρξις

grc-noun

ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐς • (húparxis) f (genitive ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεως); third declension

ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐς (canonical)
húparxis (romanization)
ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεως (genitive)
ἡ ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξει (dual nominative)
αἱ ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔πᾰρξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξει (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔πᾰρξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hupárxesi (dative plural)
taîs hupárxesin (dative plural)
τὴν ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεις (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξει (dual vocative)
ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεις (plural vocative)

Greek: ύπαρξη (ýparxi)

From ὑπάρχω (hupárkhō, “I begin, exist”).

existence, reality
(grammar) substantive

existence, reality
(mathematics) positive term


ψυχῇ

head

ψῡχῇ • (psūkhêi)


χεῖρα

grc-noun form

χεῖρᾰ • (kheîra)


ὀνείρων

head

ὀνείρων • (oneírōn)


κεραμέως

κερᾰμέως • (keraméōs)

κερᾰμέως (canonical)
keraméōs (romanization)

genitive singular of κερᾰμεύς (kerameús)


ἱστορίας

ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς • (historíās)

ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
historíās (romanization)

genitive singular of ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ (historíā)


χρείαν

χρείᾱν • (khreíān)

χρείᾱν (canonical)
khreíān (romanization)


φίλει

φῑ́λει • (phī́lei)

φῑ́λει (canonical)
phī́lei (romanization)

inflection of φῖλος (phîlos):
dative singular contracted


μάτη

grc-noun

μᾰ́τη • (mátē) f (genitive μᾰ́της); first declension

μᾰ́τη (canonical)
mátē (romanization)
μᾰ́της (genitive)
ἡ μᾰ́τη (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰ́της (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰ́τη (singular vocative)
μᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, there is no convincing etymology, partly due to the difficulty of ascertaining the word's original meaning (which was likely not "fault"). Some theories:
* Related to Proto-Slavic *matati (“to reel, lure”), whence Polish matać (“to spool; to swindle, lie, deceive”) and Serbo-Croatian matati (“to allure, attract”). Beekes rejects this theory, perhaps due to the tenuous semantics.
* Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to have in mind”), with negative connotations. This is neither semantically convincing nor unconvincing, though the supposed dropping of the nasal *n plus general formation would have to be explained.
* Per Furnee, probably from a substrate (Pre-Greek), due to the semantic category of "stupid foolish".


ὄνυμα

grc-noun

ὄνῠμᾰ • (ónuma) n (genitive ὀνῠ́μᾰτος); third declension

ὄνῠμᾰ (canonical)
ónuma (romanization)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῠ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῠ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῠμᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠμᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
toîs onumátessi (dative plural)
toîs onumátessin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄνῠμᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῠ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῠ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῠ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs onúmasi (dative plural)
toîs onúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄνῠμᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῠ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῠ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῠ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs onúmasi (dative plural)
toîs onúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄνῠμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄνῠμᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀνῠ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: -onym


δάκτυλος

δᾰ́κτῠλος • (dáktulos) m (genitive δᾰκτῠ́λου); second declension

δᾰ́κτῠλος (canonical)
dáktulos (romanization)
δᾰκτῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ δᾰ́κτῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ δᾰ́κτῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰκτῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰκτῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰκτῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰκτῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν δᾰ́κτῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δᾰκτῠ́λους (accusative plural)
δᾰ́κτῠλε (singular vocative)
δᾰκτῠ́λω (dual vocative)
δᾰ́κτῠλοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Poetic Greek uses <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δᾰ́κτῠλᾰ</i> (dáktula) as a plural.

English: dactyl, dactylo-

French: dactyle

Greek: δάχτυλο (dáchtylo)

Russian: да́ктиль (dáktilʹ)

Uncertain; probably Pre-Greek. Possibly related to Latin digitus, though the details are unclear. Note also Boeotian Greek δακκύλιος (dakkúlios).
The sense "date" is probably a folk-etymological alteration of a word from a Semitic source such as Arabic دَقَل (daqal, “variety of date palm”) or Hebrew דֶּקֶל (deqel, “date palm”).

cog

measure of length, the breadth of a finger, about 7/10 of an inch


λύκαινα

grc-noun

λῠ́καινᾰ • (lúkaina) f (genitive λῠκαίνης); first declension

λῠ́καινᾰ (canonical)
lúkaina (romanization)
λῠκαίνης (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́καινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́καιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠκαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠκαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠκαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́καινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠκαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
λῠ́καινᾰ (singular vocative)
λῠκαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
λῠ́καιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: λύκαινα (lýkaina)

→ Translingual: Lycaena

From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).


οἰκουμένη

οἰκουμένη • (oikouménē) f (genitive οἰκουμένης); first declension

oikouménē (romanization)
οἰκουμένης (genitive)
ἡ οἰκουμένη (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰκουμένᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οἰκουμέναι (nominative plural)
τῆς οἰκουμένης (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰκουμέναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰκουμενῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οἰκουμένῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰκουμέναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οἰκουμέναις (dative plural)
τὴν οἰκουμένην (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰκουμένᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οἰκουμένᾱς (accusative plural)
οἰκουμένη (singular vocative)
οἰκουμένᾱ (dual vocative)
οἰκουμέναι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ (oikoumenē)

→ English: ecumene

→ French: écoumène

desc

→ Greek: οικουμένη (oikouméni) (learned)

→ Indonesian: oikumene (learned)

→ Italian: ecumene

→ Russian: ойкуме́на (ojkuména)

→ Spanish: ecúmene

→ Portuguese: ecuménico, ecumênico (Brazil)

Present passive participle of οἰκέω (oikéō, “I inhabit, dwell”). The noun use is an ellipsis of οἰκουμένη γῆ (oikouménē gê, “inhabited earth”).

ellipsis

οἰκουμένη γῆ

the inhabited world, particularly the region known to the ancient Greeks: (sub-polar) Europe, (western) Asia, and (northern and Saharan) Africa

(Byzantine) the civilized world, particularly the land of the Roman or Byzantine Empire


αὐλός

grc-noun

αὐλός • (aulós) m (genitive αὐλοῦ); second declension

aulós (romanization)
αὐλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ αὐλός (nominative singular)
τὼ αὐλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ αὐλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ αὐλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αὐλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς αὐλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν αὐλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ αὐλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς αὐλούς (accusative plural)
αὐλέ (singular vocative)
αὐλώ (dual vocative)
αὐλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αυλός (avlós)

From Proto-Hellenic *aulós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós, nominalization of *h₂ewlo- (“tube, hollow, channel”).
Cognates include Lithuanian aulas, avilỹs, Norwegian aul, Hittite [script needed] (auli-, “tube-shaped organ in the neck”), Albanian hollë, Old Armenian օղ (ōł), and perhaps also Latin alvus, Old Church Slavonic улица (ulica, “small lane, narrow street”), and Old Armenian ուղի (ułi, “road, way, passage”). Semantically compare Sanskrit वेणु (veṇu, “reed, tube; flute, pipe”).

noncog

κοῦροι δ’ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δ’ ἄρα τοῖσιν αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον

And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst flutes and lyres sounded continually.

koûroi d’ orkhēstêres edíneon, en d’ ára toîsin auloì phórmingés te boḕn ékhon

(music) any pipe-shaped instrument: flute, clarinet, pipe

περόνη τέτυκτο αὐλοῖσιν διδύμοισι

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.227

The buckle was furnished with two grooves [into which the tongue fitted]

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 589b.19

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 697a.17

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 524a.10

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 507a.10

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Respiration 478b.8

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Alexandra 40

200 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 10.3

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3.90d


παροιμία

grc-noun

πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ • (paroimíā) f (genitive πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
paroimíā (romanization)
πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰροιμῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰροιμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰροιμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰροιμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰροιμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰροιμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
πᾰροιμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰροιμῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲣⲟⲓⲙⲓⲁ (paroimia)

Greek: παροιμία (paroimía)

→ Latin: paroemia

→ Catalan: parèmia

→ English: paroemia

→ Spanish: paremia

From πάροιμος (pároimos, “by the road, neighbor”) + -ία (-ía), or from παρα- (para-, “next, near, alongside, nearby, nigh”) + οἴμη (oímē, “song, tale”) + -ία (-ía, feminine suffix of abstraction).

af

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 264

a byword, saying, proverb, maxim
a dark saying, parable


αὐθέντης

grc-noun

αὐθέντης • (authéntēs) m (genitive αὐθέντου); first declension

authéntēs (romanization)
αὐθέντου (genitive)
ὁ αὐθέντης (nominative singular)
τὼ αὐθέντᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ αὐθένται (nominative plural)
τοῦ αὐθέντου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αὐθένταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αὐθεντῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αὐθέντῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν αὐθένταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αὐθένταις (dative plural)
τὸν αὐθέντην (accusative singular)
τὼ αὐθέντᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς αὐθέντᾱς (accusative plural)
αὐθέντᾰ (singular vocative)
αὐθέντᾱ (dual vocative)
αὐθένται (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: αφέντης m (aféntis), αυθέντης m (afthéntis) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: efendi, efendim

From αὐτο- (auto-, “self”) + *ἕντης (*héntēs), from the full-grade of Proto-Indo-European *senh₁- (“to prepare, work on, succeed”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix), whence also ἀνύω (anúō, “I effect, accomplish”), συνέντης (sunéntēs, “helper, accomplice”).

af

a perpetrator of any act, especially that he commits a murder with his own hand

a suicide, a person who has intentionally killed himself


γραφή

grc-noun

γρᾰφή • (graphḗ) f (genitive γρᾰφῆς); first declension

γρᾰφή (canonical)
graphḗ (romanization)
γρᾰφῆς (genitive)
ἡ γρᾰφή (nominative singular)
τὼ γρᾰφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ γρᾰφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς γρᾰφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γρᾰφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γρᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γρᾰφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν γρᾰφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γρᾰφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γρᾰφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ γρᾰφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γρᾰφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γρᾰφή (singular vocative)
γρᾰφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
γρᾰφαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ (graphē)

Greek: γραφή (grafí)


ψίξ

ψῑ́ξ • (psī́x) m or f (genitive ψῑχός); third declension

ψῑ́ξ (canonical)
psī́x (romanization)
ψῑχός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ψῑ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῖχε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ψῖχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ψῑχός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῑχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῑχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ψῑχῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῑχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ψῑξῐ́ (dative plural)
ψῑξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs psīxí (dative plural)
taîs psīxín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ψῖχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῖχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ψῖχᾰς (accusative plural)
ψῑ́ξ (singular vocative)
ψῖχε (dual vocative)
ψῖχες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Hesychius also has the plurals ψίχαι (psíkhai) and ψίχηνα (psíkhēna)

crumb, morsel, bit (especially of bread)


πλάσμα

grc-noun

πλᾰ́σμᾰ • (plásma) n (genitive πλᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension

πλᾰ́σμᾰ (canonical)
plásma (romanization)
πλᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πλᾰ́σμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πλᾰ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs plásmasi (dative plural)
toîs plásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πλᾰ́σμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πλᾰ́σμᾰ (singular vocative)
πλᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πλᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: plasma

Greek: πλάσμα (plásma)

From πλάσσω (plássō, “to form, mold”) + -μα (-ma).

af

something formed, figure, image
the body, as formed by the Creator

formed style in writing or speaking
(music) affected execution

formed style in writing or speaking
affected execution


πάχνη

grc-noun

πάχνη • (pákhnē) f (genitive πάχνης); first declension

pákhnē (romanization)
πάχνης (genitive)
ἡ πάχνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πάχνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πάχναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πάχνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πάχναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πάχνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πάχναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πάχναις (dative plural)
τὴν πάχνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πάχνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πάχνᾱς (accusative plural)
πάχνη (singular vocative)
πάχνᾱ (dual vocative)
πάχναι (plural vocative)

Greek: πάχνη (páchni)

From earlier *πάκσνά (páksná), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-, like πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “I fasten”).


ἕδρα

ἕδρᾱ • (hédrā) f (genitive ἕδρᾱς); first declension

ἕδρᾱ (canonical)
hédrā (romanization)
ἕδρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἕδρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἕδρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἕδραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἕδρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἕδραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑδρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἕδρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἕδραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἕδραις (dative plural)
τὴν ἕδρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἕδρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἕδρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἕδρᾱ (singular vocative)
ἕδρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἕδραι (plural vocative)

→ English: -hedron

From Proto-Hellenic *hédrā, from Proto-Indo-European *sedreh₂, from *sed- (“to sit”) (whence ἕζομαι (hézomai, “I sit”) and many others).

seat, chair, stool, bench
seat, abode, throne

seat, chair, stool, bench
seat, place, base

(in the plural) quarters of the sky in which omens appeared

seat, chair, stool, bench
seat of a physiological process

seat, chair, stool, bench
back (of a horse on which a rider sits)

the act of sitting
sitting still, inactivity, delay

seat, breech, fundament
(of animals) rump


λατρεία

λᾰτρείᾱ • (latreíā) f (genitive λᾰτρείᾱς); first declension

λᾰτρείᾱ (canonical)
latreíā (romanization)
λᾰτρείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰτρείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰτρείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰτρεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰτρείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰτρείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰτρειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰτρείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰτρείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰτρείαις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰτρείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰτρείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰτρείᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰτρείᾱ (singular vocative)
λᾰτρείᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰτρεῖαι (plural vocative)

English: -latry

Latin: latrīa


φυγάς

φῠγᾰ́ς • (phugás) m or f (genitive φῠγᾰ́δος); third declension

φῠγᾰ́ς (canonical)
phugás (romanization)
φῠγᾰ́δος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φῠγᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠγᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φῠγᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φῠγᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠγᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠγᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φῠγᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠγᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φῠγᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
φῠγᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phugási (dative plural)
taîs phugásin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φῠγᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠγᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φῠγᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
φῠγᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
φῠγᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
φῠγᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

From φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás).

one who flees from his or her country
voluntarily: runaway, fugitive

one who flees from his or her country
by legal sentence: exile

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.150

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.138

406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 430

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.3.11


δάφνη

δᾰ́φνη • (dáphnē) f (genitive δᾰ́φνης); first declension

δᾰ́φνη (canonical)
dáphnē (romanization)
δᾰ́φνης (genitive)
ἡ δᾰ́φνη (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰ́φνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δᾰ́φναι (nominative plural)
τῆς δᾰ́φνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰ́φναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰφνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δᾰ́φνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰ́φναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δᾰ́φναις (dative plural)
τὴν δᾰ́φνην (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰ́φνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δᾰ́φνᾱς (accusative plural)
δᾰ́φνη (singular vocative)
δᾰ́φνᾱ (dual vocative)
δᾰ́φναι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: δάφνη (dáfni)
→ Albanian: dafinë, defën, dafan, dhafnë, dhefme — dialectal
→ Aromanian: dafin, dafnu, dafni／dafne, dhafni／dhafne, dafnjauã, dhafnjauã; dafnã, dafinã
→ Bulgarian: дафи́на (dafína)
→ Macedonian: дафина (dafina)
→ Romanian: dafin, dafină, afin, afină
→ Serbo-Croatian: dàfīn／да̀фӣн
→ Sicilian: dàfina, nafra, afra — Calabria
→ Ottoman Turkish: دفنه (defne), تفنه (tefne)
Turkish: defne
→ Azerbaijani: dəfnə
→ Middle Armenian: թէֆնէ (tʻēfnē)
→ Uzbek: dafna

→ Albanian: dafinë

→ Arabic: دِفْلَى (diflā), دِفْلَة (difla), تِفْلَة (tifla)
→ Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡐࡋࡀ
→ Middle Armenian: տֆլայ (tflay), տիֆլայ (tiflay)
→ Spanish: adelfa
→ Cebuano: adelpa
→ Hiligaynon: adelpa
→ Tagalog: adelpa

→ Hebrew: דַּפְנָה (dafná)

→ Late Latin: daphinus

Romanian: dafin, afin

Translingual: Daphne

→ English: daphne

→ Old Armenian: դափնի (dapʻni), դաբնի (dabni), դափնէ (dapʻnē), դափնիդ (dapʻnid), դաբնիդ (dabnid), դաբնիա (dabnia), դաբնիդայ (dabniday), դաբնիդեայ (dabnideay), դափնիտեայ (dapʻniteay), դաբնընդեմ (dabnəndem)
Armenian: դափնի (dapʻni)
→? Old Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)
Middle Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)
⇒ Georgian: დაფნა (dapna)

→? Old Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)

Beekes reconstructs possible Pre-Greek stem *dakʷ-(n-).

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


φρουρά

grc-noun

φρουρᾱ́ • (phrourā́) f (genitive φρουρᾶς); first declension

φρουρᾱ́ (canonical)
phrourā́ (romanization)
φρουρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ φρουρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ φρουρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φρουραί (nominative plural)
τῆς φρουρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φρουραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φρουρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φρουρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φρουραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φρουραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φρουρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ φρουρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φρουρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φρουρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
φρουρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φρουραί (plural vocative)

Greek: φρουρά (frourá)

From προ- (pro-, “forwards”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) + -ᾱ (-ā, action noun suffix); compare φρουρός (phrourós).

af

Θεοὺς μὲν αἰτῶ τῶνδ’ ἀπαλλαγὴν πόνων,
φρουρᾶς ἐτείας μῆκος
Theoùs mèn aitô tônd’ apallagḕn pónōn,

I ask the gods for deliverance from these toils,
the length of year-long watching

(uncountable) the duty of watching, guarding; lookout

Χίων φρουρῇ οὐ προσιεμένῃ μιν συνέβαλε […]
Khíōn phrourêi ou prosieménēi min sunébale […]

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.26

he attacked a garrison of the Chians that did not accept him […]

(countable) a body of persons whose duty is to guard: garrison, outpost

Τῶν τοίνυν ἄλλων στρατειῶν καὶ φρουρῶν οὐδεμιᾶς ἀπελείφθην πώποτε

445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, For Mantitheus 18

I have never left any of the other military appointments or garrisons

Tôn toínun állōn strateiôn kaì phrourôn oudemiâs apeleíphthēn pṓpote

(countable) an instance of being stationed at an outpost


πόσθη

grc-noun

πόσθη • (pósthē) f (genitive πόσθης); first declension

pósthē (romanization)
πόσθης (genitive)
ἡ πόσθη (nominative singular)
τὼ πόσθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πόσθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πόσθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόσθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποσθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πόσθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόσθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόσθαις (dative plural)
τὴν πόσθην (accusative singular)
τὼ πόσθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόσθᾱς (accusative plural)
πόσθη (singular vocative)
πόσθᾱ (dual vocative)
πόσθαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόσθη (pósthi)

Has been connected with Ancient Greek πέος (péos, “penis”), from Proto-Indo-European *pes-o- (“penis”), but the derivation is problematic. Beekes thinks it is likely a loan from a non-Indo-European-Language, like Pre-Greek.


τοξότης

τοξότης • (toxótēs) m (genitive τοξότου); first declension

toxótēs (romanization)
τοξότου (genitive)
ὁ τοξότης (nominative singular)
τὼ τοξότᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ τοξόται (nominative plural)
τοῦ τοξότου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοξόταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοξοτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τοξότῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοξόταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τοξόταις (dative plural)
τὸν τοξότην (accusative singular)
τὼ τοξότᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τοξότᾱς (accusative plural)
τοξότᾰ (singular vocative)
τοξότᾱ (dual vocative)
τοξόται (plural vocative)

desc

→ Laz: ტოკსირი (ťoǩsiri, “bow; cudgel, mace”)

→ Translingual: Toxotes (“archerfish”)

→ English: Toxotes (“Sagittarius”)

τόξον (tóxon, “bow”) + -της (-tēs, masculine suffix for person concerned with something)

affix

τοξότα λωβητὴρ κέρᾳ ἀγλαὲ παρθενοπῖπα

You archer, slanderer, lovely in head, eyer of maidens

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.39

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.28

c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 312

190 BCE – 120 BCE, Hipparchus, 1 2.20

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 54

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 711

424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 665

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, And. 3.5

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 319c

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 24.3


μνήμα

head

μνήμα • (mnḗma) f

nominative/accusative/vocative dual of μνήμη (mnḗmē)


πόρνη

grc-noun

πόρνη • (pórnē) f (genitive πόρνης, diminutive πορνίδιον); first declension

pórnē (romanization)
πόρνης (genitive)
πορνίδιον (diminutive)
ἡ πόρνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πόρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πόρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πόρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πόρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόρναις (dative plural)
τὴν πόρνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πόρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόρνᾱς (accusative plural)
πόρνη (singular vocative)
πόρνᾱ (dual vocative)
πόρναι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)

desctree

⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)
Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)

From the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to sell”), which also gave the verb πέρνημι (pérnēmi, “to sell”).

female prostitute, particularly a common whore


βαρεία

head

βᾰρείᾱ • (bareíā) f

βᾰρείᾱ (canonical)
bareíā (romanization)


μηρός

grc-noun

μηρός • (mērós) m (genitive μηροῦ); second declension

mērós (romanization)
μηροῦ (genitive)
ὁ μηρός (nominative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μηροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μηρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μηροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μηρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μηρούς (accusative plural)
μηρέ (singular vocative)
μηρώ (dual vocative)
μηροί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲣⲟⲥ (mēros)

Greek: μηρός (mirós)

From Proto-Hellenic *mḗron, of uncertain ultimate origin. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”). Compare Latin membrum (“limb”) and Proto-Germanic *mimzą (“flesh”).

der

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.26

a thigh
(Septuagint Koine, in the plural) loins

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 16.14

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.190

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.231

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.125

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.3.6

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 15.27.11

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus 2

620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Supplementary Fragments 11.6

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 135–136

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.305

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 57

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.2.472

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.460

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1011

4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 130

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace

a thigh-bone, a femur, used especially of thigh-bones with flesh offered in sacrifice

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.103


στόλος

grc-noun

στόλος • (stólos) m (genitive στόλου); second declension

stólos (romanization)
στόλου (genitive)
ὁ στόλος (nominative singular)
τὼ στόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ στόλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ στόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν στόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ στόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στόλους (accusative plural)
στόλε (singular vocative)
στόλω (dual vocative)
στόλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: στόλος (stólos)
→ Romanian: stol

desc

→ Arabic: أُسْطُول (ʔusṭūl)

→ Arabic: أُسْطُول (ʔusṭūl)

desctree

→ Late Latin: stolus
Catalan: estol
→ Spanish: estol
Italian: stuolo

→ Old Georgian: სტოლი (sṭoli)

→ Old Norse: stóll

From στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”) + -ος (-os). See also στολή (stolḗ).


προδότης

grc-noun

προδότης • (prodótēs) m (genitive προδότου); first declension

prodótēs (romanization)
προδότου (genitive)
ὁ προδότης (nominative singular)
τὼ προδότᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ προδόται (nominative plural)
τοῦ προδότου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προδόταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προδοτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ προδότῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν προδόταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προδόταις (dative plural)
τὸν προδότην (accusative singular)
τὼ προδότᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς προδότᾱς (accusative plural)
προδότᾰ (singular vocative)
προδότᾱ (dual vocative)
προδόται (plural vocative)

From προδίδωμι (prodídōmi, “to betray”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


κέφαλος

grc-noun

κέφᾰλος • (képhalos) m (genitive κεφᾰ́λου); second declension

κέφᾰλος (canonical)
képhalos (romanization)
κεφᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ κέφᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέφᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κέφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κεφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
κέφᾰλε (singular vocative)
κεφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
κέφᾰλοι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: κέφαλος (kéfalos)
→ Albanian: qefull
→ Aromanian: chefal
→ Bulgarian: кефа́л (kefál)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كفال
Turkish: kefal
→ Armenian: քեֆալ (kʻefal)
→ Azerbaijani: kefal
→ Georgian: კეფალი (ḳepali)
→ Russian: кефаль (kefalʹ)
→ Persian: کفال
→ Romanian: chefal

→ Latin: cephalus
Italian: cefalo
Neapolitan: cefaro
Venetan: çièvoło
→ Polish: cefal

Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus#Translingual


σχεδία

grc-noun

σχεδῐ́ᾱ • (skhedíā) f (genitive σχεδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σχεδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
skhedíā (romanization)
σχεδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σχεδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σχεδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχεδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχεδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σχεδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχεδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχεδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σχεδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχεδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σχεδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σχεδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σχεδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Traditionally believed to be a substantivazion of the adjective σχέδιος (skhédios, “near, close”). Alternatively, a collective abstract formation in -ία (-ía) from σχεδόν (skhedón, “near; approximatively, roughly”), with original meaning "unprepared formation, improvisation". However, the semantics are not convincing.


κύτος

κῠ́τος • (kútos) n (genitive κῠ́τους); third declension

κῠ́τος (canonical)
kútos (romanization)
κῠ́τους (genitive)
τὸ κῠ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kútesi (dative plural)
toîs kútesin (dative plural)
τὸ κῠ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (accusative plural)
κῠ́τος (singular vocative)
κῠ́τει (dual vocative)
κῠ́τη (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κύτος (kýtos)

⇒ Latin: monocytus (Taxonomic Latin)

Uncertain. According to Beekes, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“cover, skin”) (via a form *(s)kHu-t-); related to σκῦτος (skûtos, “hide, leather”), Latin cutis (“skin”), and English hide, but the presumed laryngeal metathesis is problematic. Alternatively from *kew- ~ *ḱew- (“hollow”), but this is also reconstructed as *ḱewh₁-. In view of the formal problems and the word's semantic category, a substrate origin is possible.

der

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 495

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 185

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1224

458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 473

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 399

423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 1202

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Com. 189

Xenarch. 1.10

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 16.3.4

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 322

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 816

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1142

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 37

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.2

any vessel; e.g. a jar, an urn, a vase, etc.

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 45a

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 56b.26

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 69e

Achae. 4.4

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 742b.14

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 741b.35

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Of the Uses of the Different Parts of the Human Body 14.14

50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.9

Phlp., in AP 0.417.14

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 44a

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 12

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 74a

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 491a.29

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 686b.14

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.35

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 13.262

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 964e

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.59.8

120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 172.32

(used of any hollow container) the occiput, the chest, a plant’s root, the uterus, an ox’s abomasum, the body in general, the trunk thereof, metaphorically the polis, etc.


λύτρα

grc-noun form

λύτρα • (lútra) n

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of λῠ́τρον (lútron)


θεέ

head

θεέ • (theé)


μεταφορά

grc-noun

μετᾰφορᾱ́ • (metaphorā́) f (genitive μετᾰφορᾶς); first declension

μετᾰφορᾱ́ (canonical)
metaphorā́ (romanization)
μετᾰφορᾶς (genitive)
ἡ μετᾰφορᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ μετᾰφορᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μετᾰφοραί (nominative plural)
τῆς μετᾰφορᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετᾰφοραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετᾰφορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μετᾰφορᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετᾰφοραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μετᾰφοραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μετᾰφορᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ μετᾰφορᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μετᾰφορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μετᾰφορᾱ́ (singular vocative)
μετᾰφορᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μετᾰφοραί (plural vocative)

Greek: μεταφορά (metaforá)

→ Latin: metaphora (see there for further descendants)

From μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “to transfer”) + -η (-ē).


τομή

grc-noun

τομή • (tomḗ) f (genitive τομῆς); ? declension

tomḗ (romanization)
τομῆς (genitive)
ἡ τομή (nominative singular)
τὼ τομᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ τομαί (nominative plural)
τῆς τομῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν τομαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τομῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τομῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν τομαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς τομαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν τομήν (accusative singular)
τὼ τομᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τομᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
τομή (singular vocative)
τομᾱ́ (dual vocative)
τομαί (plural vocative)

Greek: τομή (tomí)


τόνος

τόνος • (tónos) m (genitive τόνου); second declension

tónos (romanization)
τόνου (genitive)
ὁ τόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ τόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τόνους (accusative plural)
τόνε (singular vocative)
τόνω (dual vocative)
τόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: τόνος (tónos)

Latin: tonus

From Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tón-os, from *ten- (“stretch”).


ῥύγχος

ῥῠ́γχος • (rhúnkhos) n (genitive ῥῠ́γχους); third declension

ῥῠ́γχος (canonical)
rhúnkhos (romanization)
ῥῠ́γχους (genitive)
τὸ ῥῠ́γχος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῠ́γχει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥῠ́γχη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥῠ́γχους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῠγχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῠγχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥῠ́γχει (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῠγχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥῠ́γχεσῐ (dative plural)
ῥῠ́γχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhúnkhesi (dative plural)
toîs rhúnkhesin (dative plural)
τὸ ῥῠ́γχος (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῠ́γχει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥῠ́γχη (accusative plural)
ῥῠ́γχος (singular vocative)
ῥῠ́γχει (dual vocative)
ῥῠ́γχη (plural vocative)

Greek: ρύγχος (rýnchos)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *srungʰ- and related to Old Armenian ռունգն (ṙungn, “nose”). See also Proto-Celtic *srognā (“nose”).