χιμάραρχος

grc-noun

χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχος • (khimárarkhos) m (genitive χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχου); second declension

χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχος (canonical)
khimárarkhos (romanization)
χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχου (genitive)
ὁ χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχος (nominative singular)
τὼ χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχω (dual nominative)
οἱ χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχων (genitive plural)
τῷ χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχοις (dative plural)
τὸν χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχον (accusative singular)
τὼ χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχους (accusative plural)
χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχε (singular vocative)
χῐμᾰρᾰ́ρχω (dual vocative)
χῐμᾰ́ρᾰρχοι (plural vocative)

From χῐ́μᾰρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō, “to lead”) + -ος (-os).


αἴγαγρος

grc-noun

αἴγᾰγρος • (aígagros) m or f (genitive αἰγᾰ́γρου); second declension

αἴγᾰγρος (canonical)
aígagros (romanization)
αἰγᾰ́γρου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ αἴγᾰγρος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ αἴγᾰγροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς αἰγᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ αἰγᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς αἰγᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν αἴγᾰγρον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
αἴγᾰγρε (singular vocative)
αἰγᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
αἴγᾰγροι (plural vocative)

From αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) and ᾰ̓γρός (agrós, “land”) (compare with ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”)).


αἴξ

αἴξ • (aíx) m or f (genitive αἰγός); third declension

aíx (romanization)
αἰγός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ αἴξ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἶγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ αἶγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς αἰγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ αἰγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς αἰξῐ́ (dative plural)
αἰξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs així (dative plural)
taîs aixín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν αἶγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἶγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς αἶγᾰς (accusative plural)
αἴξ (singular vocative)
αἶγε (dual vocative)
αἶγες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: αίγα (aíga), γίδι (gídi) (from diminutive)

→ Greek: αιξ f (aix) (Katharevousa)

→ Translingual: Aix

From Proto-Hellenic *aíks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“goat”). Cognates include Old Armenian այծ (ayc), Sanskrit एड (eḍa), and Albanian dhi.

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.


σάτυρος

grc-noun

σᾰ́τῠρος • (sáturos) m (genitive σᾰτῠ́ρου); second declension

σᾰ́τῠρος (canonical)
sáturos (romanization)
σᾰτῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ σᾰ́τῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σᾰ́τῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰτῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰτῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰτῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰτῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σᾰ́τῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σᾰτῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
σᾰ́τῠρε (singular vocative)
σᾰτῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́τῠροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: satyrus

→ English: satyr

→ Translingual: Satyrus

→ Old Armenian: սատիրոս (satiros)

→ Arabic: سَعْتَر (saʕtar)

→ Turkish: soytarı

→ Polish: satyr

→ Russian: сати́р m (satír)

Unknown; possibly loaned from a Pre-Greek substrate.

a type of play with satyrs in the chorus


ἔθος

ἔθος • (éthos) n (genitive ἔθους or ἔθεος); third declension

éthos (romanization)
ἔθους (genitive)
ἔθεος (genitive)
τὸ ἔθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔθει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔθεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éthesi (dative plural)
toîs éthesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔθη (accusative plural)
ἔθος (singular vocative)
ἔθει (dual vocative)
ἔθη (plural vocative)
τὸ ἔθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔθει (dual nominative)
ἔθεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔθεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔθεος (genitive singular)
ἔθευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐθέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐθέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔθει (dative singular)
ἔθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐθέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἔθεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi éthesi (dative plural)
toîsi éthesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔθει (accusative dual)
ἔθεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔθεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔθος (singular vocative)
ἔθει (dual vocative)
ἔθεε (dual vocative)
ἔθεᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἔθω (éthō). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).


κάπρος

grc-noun

κᾰ́προς • (kápros) m (genitive κᾰ́πρου); second declension

κᾰ́προς (canonical)
kápros (romanization)
κᾰ́πρου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́προς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́προι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́πρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́πρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́πρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́προις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́προν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰ́πρους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́πρε (singular vocative)
κᾰ́πρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́προι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Capros

From Proto-Hellenic *kápros, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱapros (“male hooved animal”), possibly from *ḱapr̥ (“penis”). Cognate with Latin caper (“goat”), Old Irish gabor (“goat”).


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trágos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trágos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trágō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appears

voice change that takes place in puberty

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual

(astronomy) One of the constellations of the δωδεκᾰ́ωρος (dōdekáōros).


λεπίδος

head

λεπῐ́δος • (lepídos)

λεπῐ́δος (canonical)
lepídos (romanization)


χριστός

grc-noun

χρῑστός • (khrīstós) m (genitive χρῑστοῦ); second declension

χρῑστός (canonical)
khrīstós (romanization)
χρῑστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χρῑστός (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῑστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῑστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῑστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῑστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῑστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῑστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῑστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῑστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χρῑστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῑστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῑστούς (accusative plural)
χρῑστέ (singular vocative)
χρῑστώ (dual vocative)
χρῑστοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chrīstus

From χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to rub, ceremonially anoint”) + -τός (-tós, verbal adjective suffix).

suffix

משיח משיח#Hebrew

(biblical) anointed one, translation of Hebrew משיח (mashiach, “messiah”)


ἄρκτος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ρκτος • (árktos) f (genitive ᾰ̓́ρκτου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ρκτος (canonical)
árktos (romanization)
ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́ρκτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρκτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́ρκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́ρκτοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́ρκτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́ρκτους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρκτε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (plural vocative)

→ English: Arcturus

desc

Greek: άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda)

→ Latin: arctus, Arctos, Arctus, Arctūrus

Pontic Greek: άρκος (árkos)

Translingual: Ursus arctos, Ursus arctos horribilis

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognates include Latin ursus, Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa), Old Armenian արջ (arǰ), and Albanian ari. The meaning of “north” derives from Ἄρκτος (Árktos, “Ursa Major”), because the constellation is in the northern part of the sky.


γαλαξίας

grc-noun

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς • (galaxíās) m (genitive γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου); first declension

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
galaxíās (romanization)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰξῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλᾰξῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: γαλαξίας m (galaxías)

desctree

→ Latin: galaxias f
⇒ Medieval Latin: galaxia f
→ German: Galaxie f
→ Italian: galassia f
→ Old French: galaxie
Middle French: galaxie
French: galaxie f
→ Middle English: galaxye, galaxie
English: galaxy

→ Latin: Via Lactea f sg (calque)
French: Voie lactée, voie lactée
Galician: Vía Láctea
Italian: Via Lattea
Portuguese: Via Láctea
Spanish: Vía Láctea
→ Middle English: Milky Wey (calque)
English: Milky Way

From γᾰ́λᾰ (gála, “milk”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās). Originally an adjective.

the Milky Way galaxy (with implied κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, sphere”))

tailor's chalk (with implied λίθος (líthos, “stone”))


γάλα

grc-noun

γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

γᾰ́λᾰ (canonical)
gála (romanization)
γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive)
γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálaxi (dative plural)
toîs gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰῐν (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálai (dative plural)
toîs gálain (dative plural)
gálaxi (dative plural)
gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)

Greek: γάλα (gála)

Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite.
The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.


θέλημα

grc-noun

θέλημᾰ • (thélēma) n (genitive θελήμᾰτος); third declension

θέλημᾰ (canonical)
thélēma (romanization)
θελήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ θέλημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ θελήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θελήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θελήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θελημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θελημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θελήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θελημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θελήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
θελήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thelḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs thelḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ θέλημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θελήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θελήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
θέλημᾰ (singular vocative)
θελήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
θελήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From θέλω (thélō, “I resolve”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


φυλή

φῡλή • (phūlḗ) f (genitive φῡλῆς); first declension

φῡλή (canonical)
phūlḗ (romanization)
φῡλῆς (genitive)
ἡ φῡλή (nominative singular)
τὼ φῡλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῡλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς φῡλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῡλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῡλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῡλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῡλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φῡλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῡλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῡλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φῡλή (singular vocative)
φῡλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φῡλαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲫⲩⲗⲏ (phulē)

→ English: phyle

Greek: φυλή (fylí)


πτόλεμος

πτόλεμος • (ptólemos) m (genitive πτολέμου); second declension

ptólemos (romanization)
πτολέμου (genitive)
πτόλεμος (nominative singular)
πτολέμω (dual nominative)
πτόλεμοι (nominative plural)
πτολέμου (genitive singular)
πτολεμοῖο (genitive singular)
πτολέμοιο (genitive singular)
πτολεμόο (genitive singular)
πτολέμοο (genitive singular)
πτολέμοιῐν (dual genitive)
πτολέμων (genitive plural)
πτολέμῳ (dative singular)
πτολέμοιῐν (dative dual)
πτολέμοισῐ (dative plural)
πτολέμοισῐν (dative plural)
πτολέμοις (dative plural)
ptolémoisi (dative plural)
ptolémoisin (dative plural)
ptolémois (dative plural)
πτόλεμον (accusative singular)
πτολέμω (accusative dual)
πτολέμους (accusative plural)
πτόλεμε (singular vocative)
πτολέμω (dual vocative)
πτόλεμοι (plural vocative)


ποιμήν

ποιμήν • (poimḗn) m (genitive ποιμένος); third declension

poimḗn (romanization)
ποιμένος (genitive)
ὁ ποιμήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιμένε (dual nominative)
οἱ ποιμένες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποιμένος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιμένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιμένων (genitive plural)
τῷ ποιμένῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιμένοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποιμέσῐ (dative plural)
ποιμέσῐν (dative plural)
toîs poimési (dative plural)
toîs poimésin (dative plural)
τὸν ποιμένᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιμένε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ποιμένᾰς (accusative plural)
ποιμήν (singular vocative)
ποιμένε (dual vocative)
ποιμένες (plural vocative)

Greek: ποιμένας (poiménas)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ (poimēn)

→ Romanian: Pimen

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂imḗn, an abstract nomen agentis formed from an ablaut of Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- (“to protect”) and common suffix *-mḗn. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me), Latin pascō (“put to graze”), pāstor (“shepherd”), Sanskrit पाति (pā́ti), Old English fōda and fēdan (English food and feed).

ἀρχιποίμην

archshepherd, arch-shepherd, chief shepherd

shepherd of the people: pastor, teacher, epithet of Agamemnon


πόλεμος

πόλεμος • (pólemos) m (genitive πολέμου); second declension

pólemos (romanization)
πολέμου (genitive)
ὁ πόλεμος (nominative singular)
τὼ πολέμω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόλεμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολέμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολέμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολέμων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολέμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολέμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολέμοις (dative plural)
τὸν πόλεμον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολέμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πολέμους (accusative plural)
πόλεμε (singular vocative)
πολέμω (dual vocative)
πόλεμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos)

French: polémique

English: polemic

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, as suggested by πτ/τ variation in its variants.
However, the word has been connected to πάλλω (pállō, “to poise, sway, brandish”), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “to shake, cause to quiver or tremble, struggle at the bow, in order to bend it”) and perhaps ψάλλω (psállō, “to pluck, twitch a string with the fingers; to sing to a harp, chant praises”), all possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”) (which Beekes finds semantically unconvincing, despite not being particularly farfetched).
Compare Latin pello (“to push, drive, strike; to rout, conquer, defeat; to strike a chord; to touch, move”) and palpo (“to touch softly, stroke, pat, caress”), English feel, Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike, smite”), Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰 (usfilma, “terrified, appalled”), 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror, dismay”) – quasi analogies to ἐκπλήσσω (ekplḗssō) –, and Russian полох (polox, “fear, fright”).


μυθολογία

grc-noun

μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ • (mūthologíā) f (genitive μῡθολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension

μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
mūthologíā (romanization)
μῡθολογῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῡθολογῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῡθολογῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡθολογῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡθολογῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῡθολογῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡθολογῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῡθολογῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μῡθολογῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῡθολογῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μῡθολογῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μῡθολογῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: μυθολογία (mythología)

Latin: mythologia

→ English: mythology

→ French: mythologie

→ Russian: мифоло́гия f (mifológija)

μυ‧θο‧λο‧γί‧α

From μυθολογέω (muthologéō, “I tell tales”) + -ία (-ía), from μυθολόγος (muthológos, “legend”), from μῦθος (mûthos, “story”) + λέγω (légō, “I say”).


ποίησις

grc-noun

ποίησις • (poíēsis) f (genitive ποιήσεως); third declension

poíēsis (romanization)
ποιήσεως (genitive)
ἡ ποίησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ ποιήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ποιήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ποιήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ποιήσεσῐ (dative plural)
ποιήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs poiḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs poiḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ποίησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ποιήσεις (accusative plural)
ποίησῐ (singular vocative)
ποιήσει (dual vocative)
ποιήσεις (plural vocative)

→ English: poiesis, -poiesis

Greek: ποίηση f (poíisi)

Katharevousa: ποίησις f (poíisis)

→ Italian: poiesi

→ Latin: poesis, poesia

Old French: poesie

Middle French: poesie

French: poésie

→ Danish: poesi

→ Dutch: poëzie

Afrikaans: poësie

→ Indonesian: puisi

→ Malay: puisi

→ German: Poesie

→ Russian: поэ́зия (poézija)

→ Kazakh: поэзия (poéziä)

→ English: poesy

From ποιέω (poiéō, “I make”) + -σις (-sis).


μῦθος

μῦθος • (mûthos) m (genitive μῡ́θου); second declension

mûthos (romanization)
μῡ́θου (genitive)
ὁ μῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ μῦθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῡ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῡ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῡ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν μῦθον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῡ́θους (accusative plural)
μῦθε (singular vocative)
μῡ́θω (dual vocative)
μῦθοι (plural vocative)
μῦθος (nominative singular)
μῡ́θω (dual nominative)
μῦθοι (nominative plural)
μῡ́θου (genitive singular)
μῡθοῖο (genitive singular)
μῡ́θοιο (genitive singular)
μῡθόο (genitive singular)
μῡ́θοο (genitive singular)
μῡ́θοιῐν (dual genitive)
μῡ́θων (genitive plural)
μῡ́θῳ (dative singular)
μῡ́θοιῐν (dative dual)
μῡ́θοισῐ (dative plural)
μῡ́θοισῐν (dative plural)
μῡ́θοις (dative plural)
mū́thoisi (dative plural)
mū́thoisin (dative plural)
mū́thois (dative plural)
μῦθον (accusative singular)
μῡ́θω (accusative dual)
μῡ́θους (accusative plural)
μῦθε (singular vocative)
μῡ́θω (dual vocative)
μῦθοι (plural vocative)

>? Greek: μύθος (mýthos)

→ English: myth, mythos

→ Hebrew: מִיתוֹס (mítos)

→ Latin: mȳthus

→ Spanish: mito

→ Italian: mito

→ Russian: миф (mif)

→ Ukrainian: міф (mif), міт (mit)

* According to Frisk, of onomatopoeic origin, from μῡ (mū).
* According to Beekes there are no plausible comparanda and the word is Pre-Greek.
* Others compare it to Proto-Slavic *myslь (“idea, thought”), as if via Proto-Indo-European *mewHdʰ-.
* Ernštedt (1953: 55-57) argues that it derived from Egyptian mdwt (“word, speech, affair”). If so, a cognate to Coptic ⲙⲉⲧ- (met-), and related to Coptic ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ (moute).
* Possibly related to Sanskrit मिथ्या (mithyā, “false, spurious, illusory”), from Proto-Indo-European *mewHdʰ- (“to complain or care about something”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

der

ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι· μῦθος δ’ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει

érgon epoíkhesthai; mûthos d’ ándressi melḗsei

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 192

something said: word, speech, conversation

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.214

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.239

Ὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μῦθος·

Hṑs pháto Sarpēdṓn, dáke dè phrénas Héktori mûthos;

οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι.

oîstha kaì állon mûthon ameínona toûde noêsai.

advice, counsel, command, order, promise

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.289

458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 346

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.545

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.140

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.676

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 314

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 226

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 189

ἀλλ’ ἄγε δεῦρο, ἄναξ, ἵν’ ἔπος καὶ μῦθον ἀκούσῃς

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.561

all’ áge deûro, ánax, hín’ épos kaì mûthon akoúsēis

μῦθον, ὃ δὴ καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἤραρεν ἥμιν.

mûthon, hò dḕ kaì pâsin enì phresìn ḗraren hḗmin.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.45

tale, story, narrative
tale, legend, myth

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 330D

(in Attic prose) a legend of the early Greek times, before the dawn of history

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 377A

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 2.3.2

a professed work of fiction, fable, such as those of Aesop

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 6.8

tale, story, narrative
the plot of a tragedy or comedy

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.94

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.324


χρυσός

grc-noun

χρῡσός • (khrūsós) m (genitive χρῡσοῦ); second declension

χρῡσός (canonical)
khrūsós (romanization)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσός (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)
χρῡσός (nominative singular)
χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖο (genitive singular)
χρῡσόο (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dual genitive)
χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dative dual)
χρῡσοῖσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖσῐν (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
khrūsoîsi (dative plural)
khrūsoîsin (dative plural)
khrūsoîs (dative plural)
χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χρυσός (chrysós)

Mariupol Greek: хурсо́ (xursó) (as if from a neuter noun)

→ Latin: chrȳsos

Borrowed from a Semitic source, usually assumed to be Phoenician/Punic; compare Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤑 (ḥrṣ), Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥārûṣ), Akkadian 𒆬𒄀 (ḫurāṣum), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀬𐀰 (ku-ru-so).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.22


θεωρία

θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

θεωρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
theōríā (romanization)
θεωρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θεωρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θεωρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θεωρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς θεωρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεωρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θεωρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θεωρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θεωρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θεωρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν θεωρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θεωρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θεωρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
θεωρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
θεωρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
θεωρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: θεωρία (theoría)

→ Latin: theōria (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: теория (teorija)

From θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

θεωροί θεωροί


χόρτος

grc-noun

χόρτος • (khórtos) m (genitive χόρτου); second declension

khórtos (romanization)
χόρτου (genitive)
ὁ χόρτος (nominative singular)
τὼ χόρτω (dual nominative)
οἱ χόρτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χόρτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χόρτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χόρτων (genitive plural)
τῷ χόρτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χόρτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χόρτοις (dative plural)
τὸν χόρτον (accusative singular)
τὼ χόρτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χόρτους (accusative plural)
χόρτε (singular vocative)
χόρτω (dual vocative)
χόρτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: χόρτο (chórto)

Italiot Greek: chòrto

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰortós (“enclosure”). Cognates include Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá), Latin hortus, and Old English ġeard (English yard).

feeding place for animals, barn, pasture

foodstuff for animals, fodder, hay, grass


ξίφος

ξῐ́φος • (xíphos) n (genitive ξῐ́φεος or ξῐ́φους); third declension

ξῐ́φος (canonical)
xíphos (romanization)
ξῐ́φεος (genitive)
ξῐ́φους (genitive)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
ξῐ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs xíphesi (dative plural)
toîs xíphesin (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (accusative plural)
ξῐ́φος (singular vocative)
ξῐ́φει (dual vocative)
ξῐ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: ξίφος (xífos)

Mariupol Greek: пси́фус (psífus)

Already in Late Mycenaean Greek (Ta-716 from Pylos), attested in the dual 𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁 (qi-si-pe-e, “two swords”) (mostly ideographically as 𐃉). Probably of Pre-Greek origin, related to and perhaps borrowed from Egyptian zft (“sword, knife”). If the Greek isn't borrowed directly from the Egyptian, perhaps both are from an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, or from a Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 4.1.21

sword, the short, straight, double-edged sword of the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 306

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.13.1

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.194


κάθαρσις

κᾰ́θᾰρσῐς • (kátharsis) f (genitive κᾰθᾰ́ρσεως); third declension

κᾰ́θᾰρσῐς (canonical)
kátharsis (romanization)
κᾰθᾰ́ρσεως (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́θᾰρσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰθᾰ́ρσει (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰθᾰ́ρσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰθᾰ́ρσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰθᾰρσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰθᾰ́ρσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰθᾰ́ρσει (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰθᾰρσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰθᾰ́ρσεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰθᾰ́ρσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kathársesi (dative plural)
taîs kathársesin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́θᾰρσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰθᾰ́ρσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰθᾰ́ρσεις (accusative plural)
κᾰ́θᾰρσῐ (singular vocative)
κᾰθᾰ́ρσει (dual vocative)
κᾰθᾰ́ρσεις (plural vocative)

English: catharsis

Portuguese: catarse

Latin: catharsis

Russian: ка́тарсис m (kátarsis)

From κᾰθαίρω (kathaírō, “to cleanse”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

cleansing, purification (in a moral/spiritual sense)

purging, evacuation (in a medical sense)

pruning trees, shearing grain, clearing land


παράδειγμα

grc-noun

πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτος

πᾰρᾰ́δειγμᾰ • (parádeigma) n (genitive πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτος); third declension

πᾰρᾰ́δειγμᾰ (canonical)
parádeigma (romanization)
πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πᾰρᾰ́δειγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs paradeígmasi (dative plural)
toîs paradeígmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰρᾰ́δειγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πᾰρᾰ́δειγμᾰ (singular vocative)
πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πᾰρᾰδείγμᾰτος

desc

→ Greek: παράδειγμα (parádeigma) (learned)

desctree

→ Late Latin: paradīgma n
→ Catalan: paradigma
→ English: paradigm
→ French: paradigme m
→ Italian: paradigma
→ Old Ruthenian: пара́дигма n inan (parádihma), пара́диґма (parádigma)
Belarusian: парады́гма (paradýhma)
Ukrainian: паради́гма (paradýhma)
→ Portuguese: paradigma
→ Romanian: paradigmă
→ Russian: паради́гма f inan (paradígma)
→ Kazakh:
Cyrillic script: парадигма (paradigma)
Latin script: paradigma
Arabic script: پاراديگما
→ Spanish: paradigma

From παραδείκνυμι (paradeíknumi, “I show, compare”) + -μα (-ma).

affix

παραδείκνυμι


κύκλος

grc-noun

κῠ́κλος • (kúklos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension

κῠ́κλος (canonical)
kúklos (romanization)
κῠ́κλου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́κλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́κλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́κλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́κλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́κλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́κλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́κλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́κλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́κλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠ́κλους (accusative plural)
κῠ́κλε (singular vocative)
κῠ́κλω (dual vocative)
κῠ́κλοι (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κῠ́κλων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κῠ́κλοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠ́κλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κύκλος (kýklos)

→ Latin: cyclus (see there for further descendants)

⇒ English: Ku Klux

Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀐𐀩𐀄 (ku-ke-re-u).


μίασμα

grc-noun

μῐ́ασμᾰ • (míasma) n (genitive μῐάσμᾰτος); third declension

μῐ́ασμᾰ (canonical)
míasma (romanization)
μῐάσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ μῐ́ασμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐάσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῐάσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῐάσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐασμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐασμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ μῐάσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐασμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῐάσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
μῐάσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs miásmasi (dative plural)
toîs miásmasin (dative plural)
τὸ μῐ́ασμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐάσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῐάσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
μῐ́ασμᾰ (singular vocative)
μῐάσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
μῐάσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: miasma

→ French: miasme

→ Romanian: miasmă

→ Italian: miasma

→ Portuguese: miasma

→ Russian: миазмы (miazmy)

→ Spanish: miasma

From μιαίνω (miaínō, “to stain”) + -μα (-ma).

οἳ καὶ ἐζήλωσαν τὸν ζῆλόν σου καὶ ἐβδελύξαντο μίασμα αἵματος αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπεκαλέσαντό σε εἰς βοηθόν.

c. 2nd century bc, The Book of Judith, 9:4

And they were moved with thy zeal, and abhorred the pollution of their blood, and called upon thee for aid.

hoì kaì ezḗlōsan tòn zêlón sou kaì ebdelúxanto míasma haímatos autôn kaì epekalésantó se eis boēthón.


ἀπονία

ἀπονῐ́ᾱ • (aponíā) f (genitive ἀπονῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
aponíā (romanization)
ἀπονῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀπονῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀπονῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀπονῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀπονῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀπονῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀπονῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀπονῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀπονῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀπονῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀπονῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀπονῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: απονιά (aponiá, “heartlessness”)

From ἄπονος (áponos, “without toil, painless”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

(Epicurean philosophy) freedom from pain


βασιλεία

grc-noun

βᾰσῐλείᾱ • (basileíā) f (genitive βᾰσῐλείᾱς); first declension

βᾰσῐλείᾱ (canonical)
basileíā (romanization)
βᾰσῐλείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰσῐλείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰσῐλεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰσῐλείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰσῐλείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰσῐλείαις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰσῐλείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰσῐλείᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλείᾱ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλείᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλεῖαι (plural vocative)

From the stem of βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”) + -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).

suffix

The office of king
(in Athens) the office of archon

(with passive meaning) being ruled by a king


ἐπίδειξις

grc-noun

ἐπίδειξις • (epídeixis) f (genitive ἐπιδείξεως); third declension

epídeixis (romanization)
ἐπιδείξεως (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐ́δειξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐδείξει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐδείξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐδείξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐδειξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐδείξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐδείξει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐδειξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐδείξεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐδείξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs epideíxesi (dative plural)
taîs epideíxesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐ́δειξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐδείξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐδείξεις (accusative plural)
ἐπῐ́δειξῐ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐδείξει (dual vocative)
ἐπῐδείξεις (plural vocative)

From ἐπιδείκνῡμι (epideíknūmi, “to show, display”) + -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix).


τράπεζα

grc-noun

τρᾰ́πεζᾰ • (trápeza) f (genitive τρᾰπέζης); first declension

τρᾰ́πεζᾰ (canonical)
trápeza (romanization)
τρᾰπέζης (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰ́πεζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰπέζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰ́πεζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰπέζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰπέζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰπεζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰπέζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰπέζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰπέζαις (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰ́πεζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰπέζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰπέζᾱς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́πεζᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰπέζᾱ (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́πεζαι (plural vocative)

Greek: τράπεζα (trápeza)

→ Coptic: ⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ (trapeza)

desc

→ Egyptian Arabic: طربيزة (ṭarabēza, ṭarabīza)

→ Ge'ez: ጠረጴዛ (ṭäräp̣p̣eza)

→ Amharic: ጠረጴዛ (ṭäräp̣p̣eza)

→ Sidamo: xarapheezza

→ Old Armenian: տրապիզ (trapiz), տրապէզ (trapēz), դրաբէզ (drabēz)

→ Old Georgian: ტრაპეზი (ṭraṗezi), ტრაპესი (ṭraṗesi)

Georgian: ტრაპეზი (ṭraṗezi)

→ Svan: ტრაპეზ (ṭraṗez), ტრაბეზ (ṭrabez)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طراپزه (tırapeza)

→ Russian: трапеза (trapeza)

⇒ Ancient Greek: τραπέζιον (trapézion)

→ Latin: trapezium

→ English: trapezium

→ Russian: трапеция (trapecija)

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥-ped-ih₂- (“having three feet”), from *tr̥- (“three”, combining form) + *pṓds (“foot”). The first element is conventionally linked to *kʷtur- (“four”, combining form) (which is explicitly favored by Beekes over the connection to "three"), but Sihler (1995, p. 411) points out that early tables had three legs, not four. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀵𐀟𐀼 (to-pe-za).


συγγένεια

grc-noun

συγγένειᾰ • (sungéneia) f (genitive συγγενείᾱς); first declension

συγγένειᾰ (canonical)
sungéneia (romanization)
συγγενείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ συγγένειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ συγγενείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ συγγένειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς συγγενείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν συγγενείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν συγγενειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ συγγενείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν συγγενείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς συγγενείαις (dative plural)
τὴν συγγένειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ συγγενείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς συγγενείᾱς (accusative plural)
συγγένειᾰ (singular vocative)
συγγενείᾱ (dual vocative)
συγγένειαι (plural vocative)

συν- (sun-) + γένος (génos) + -ειᾰ (-eia)


πρόβλημα

grc-noun

πρόβλημᾰ • (próblēma) n (genitive προβλήμᾰτος); third declension

πρόβλημᾰ (canonical)
próblēma (romanization)
προβλήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πρόβλημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ προβλήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ προβλήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προβλήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν προβλημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προβλημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ προβλήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν προβλημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προβλήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
προβλήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs problḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs problḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πρόβλημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ προβλήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ προβλήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόβλημᾰ (singular vocative)
προβλήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
προβλήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πρόβλημα (próvlima)

→ Latin: problēma (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *prógʷlāmə. Equivalent to προβάλλω (probállō, “I throw before”) + -μᾰ (-ma).

suffix

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1219

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 582.10

anything thrown forward or projecting
a hindrance, obstacle

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.70

anything put before one as a defense, bulwark, barrier, screen, shield, wall

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 676

(with genitive) a defense against a thing

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 1122.21

anything put forward as an excuse or screen

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 530

that which is proposed as a task, business

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 1.4,3

(Aristotelian logic) a question as to whether a statement is so or not

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 28.11,9

458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 985


δοκιμή

grc-noun

δοκῐμή • (dokimḗ) f (genitive δοκῐμῆς); first declension

δοκῐμή (canonical)
dokimḗ (romanization)
δοκῐμῆς (genitive)
ἡ δοκῐμή (nominative singular)
τὼ δοκῐμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ δοκῐμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς δοκῐμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοκῐμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοκῐμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δοκῐμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοκῐμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δοκῐμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν δοκῐμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δοκῐμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δοκῐμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δοκῐμή (singular vocative)
δοκῐμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δοκῐμαί (plural vocative)

From δόκῐμος (dókimos, “approved”), from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “I receive, I accept”).


κρέας

κρέᾰς • (kréas) n (genitive κρέως or κρέᾰτος); third declension

κρέᾰς (canonical)
kréas (romanization)
κρέως (genitive)
κρέᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κρέᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ κρέᾱ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρέᾱ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρέᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κρέᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kréasi (dative plural)
toîs kréasin (dative plural)
τὸ κρέᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ κρέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρέᾱ (accusative plural)
κρέᾰς (singular vocative)
κρέᾱ (dual vocative)
κρέᾱ (plural vocative)
τὸ κρέᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ κρέᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρέᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρεᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρεᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κρέᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρεᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρέᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κρέᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kréasi (dative plural)
toîs kréasin (dative plural)
τὸ κρέᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ κρέᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κρέᾰς (singular vocative)
κρέᾰτε (dual vocative)
κρέᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Other forms include Homeric κρέεσσι (kréessi), κρεάεσσι (kreáessi, dative plural); κρειῶν (kreiôn), κρεάων (kreáōn, genitive plural); and Cretan κρίως (kríōs, genitive singular).

Earlier Proto-Hellenic *kréwas, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s. Cognates include Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravís), Latin cruor (Italian crudo), Proto-Slavic *kry, and Old English hrǣw (English raw).


συγγνώμη

grc-noun

σῠγγνώμη • (sungnṓmē) f (genitive σῠγγνώμης); first declension

σῠγγνώμη (canonical)
sungnṓmē (romanization)
σῠγγνώμης (genitive)
ἡ σῠγγνώμη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠγγνώμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠγγνῶμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠγγνώμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠγγνώμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠγγνωμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠγγνώμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠγγνώμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠγγνώμαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠγγνώμην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠγγνώμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠγγνώμᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠγγνώμη (singular vocative)
σῠγγνώμᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠγγνῶμαι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: συγγνώμη (syngnómi) (learned)

lenient judgement, allowance; fellow feeling with another


σαύρα

σαύρᾱ • (saúrā) f (genitive σαύρᾱς); first declension

σαύρᾱ (canonical)
saúrā (romanization)
σαύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σαύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαῦραι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαύραις (dative plural)
τὴν σαύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαύρᾱς (accusative plural)
σαύρᾱ (singular vocative)
σαύρᾱ (dual vocative)
σαῦραι (plural vocative)

Beekes claims a Pre-Greek origin, due to the semantic category of lizards being "local substrate" and not being conceptualized among the Proto-Indo-Europeans.


κυβερνισμός

κῠβερνῐσμός • (kubernismós) m (genitive κῠβερνῐσμοῦ); second declension

κῠβερνῐσμός (canonical)
kubernismós (romanization)
κῠβερνῐσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κῠβερνῐσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνῐσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠβερνῐσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠβερνῐσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνῐσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠβερνῐσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠβερνῐσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠβερνῐσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠβερνῐσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κῠβερνῐσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠβερνῐσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠβερνῐσμούς (accusative plural)
κῠβερνῐσμέ (singular vocative)
κῠβερνῐσμώ (dual vocative)
κῠβερνῐσμοί (plural vocative)

From κῠβερνᾰ́ω (kubernáō, “I steer”) + -ῐσμός (-ismós).


ὀνοματοποιία

grc-noun

ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ

ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱς

ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ • (onomatopoiíā) f (genitive ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
onomatopoiíā (romanization)
ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνομᾰτοποιῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ

English: onomatopoeia

desc

ονοματοποιία

Greek: ονοματοποιία (onomatopoiía)

Latin: onomatopoeïa

From ὀνομᾰτοποιός (onomatopoiós, “coiner of names”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

af

ὀνομᾰτοποιός

Onomatopoeia; the creation of a word, especially the creation of a word in imitation of a sound.


ἀκρόαμα

grc-noun

ἀκρόᾱμα • (akróāma) n (genitive ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension

ἀκρόᾱμα (canonical)
akróāma (romanization)
ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἀκρόᾱμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκροᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκροᾱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκροᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκροᾱ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀκροᾱ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs akroā́masi (dative plural)
toîs akroā́masin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀκρόᾱμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀκρόᾱμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀκροᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: acroama

From ἀκροάομαι (akroáomai, “listen”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(especially something heard with pleasure): feast for the ears, song, play

(in plural): lecturers, musicians, actors


ἁλιαίετος

grc-noun

ᾰ̔λῐαίετος • (haliaíetos) m (genitive ᾰ̔λῐαιέτου); second declension

ᾰ̔λῐαίετος (canonical)
haliaíetos (romanization)
ᾰ̔λῐαιέτου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̔λῐαίετος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔λῐαιέτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̔λῐαίετοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔λῐαιέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔λῐαιέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῐαιέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔λῐαιέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔λῐαιέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̔λῐαιέτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̔λῐαίετον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔λῐαιέτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̔λῐαιέτους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔λῐαίετε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔λῐαιέτω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔λῐαίετοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Haliaeetus


τέλεσμα

τέλεσμᾰ • (télesma) n (genitive τελέσμᾰτος); third declension

τέλεσμᾰ (canonical)
télesma (romanization)
τελέσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τέλεσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τελέσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τελέσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τελέσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τελεσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τελεσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τελέσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τελεσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τελέσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τελέσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs telésmasi (dative plural)
toîs telésmasin (dative plural)
τὸ τέλεσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τελέσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τελέσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τέλεσμᾰ (singular vocative)
τελέσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
τελέσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: طلسم
→ Azerbaijani: tilsim
→ Bashkir: тылсым (tılsım)
→ Kazakh: тылсым (tylsym)
→ French: talisman
→ Catalan: talismà
→ English: talisman
→ Finnish: talismaani
→ Galician: talismán
→ Portuguese: talismã
→ Romanian: talisman
→ Spanish: talismán
→ Georgian: თილისმა (tilisma)
→ Persian: طلسم
→ Ottoman Turkish: طلسم
→ Turkish: tılsım
→ Crimean Tatar: tılsım
→ Swahili: talasimu
→ Uyghur: تىلسىم (tilsim)
→ Uzbek: tilsim

English: telesm

From τελέω (teléō, “to pay”) + -μα (-ma).


στιγμή

grc-noun

στῐγμή • (stigmḗ) f (genitive στῐγμῆς); first declension

στῐγμή (canonical)
stigmḗ (romanization)
στῐγμῆς (genitive)
ἡ στῐγμή (nominative singular)
τὼ στῐγμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ στῐγμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς στῐγμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῐγμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῐγμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στῐγμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν στῐγμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στῐγμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν στῐγμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ στῐγμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στῐγμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
στῐγμή (singular vocative)
στῐγμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
στῐγμαί (plural vocative)

Greek: στιγμή (stigmí)

From στίζω (stízō, “to brand”) + -μή (-mḗ).


ὅσιος

ὅσιος • (hósios) m (genitive ὁσίου); second declension

hósios (romanization)
ὁσίου (genitive)
ὁ ὅσιος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁσίω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὅσιοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁσίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁσίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁσίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁσίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁσίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁσίοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὅσιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁσίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὁσίους (accusative plural)
ὅσιε (singular vocative)
ὁσίω (dual vocative)
ὅσιοι (plural vocative)

Often explained as a derivative in -ιο- from a participal form *s-o-to-, beside alleged *seto- in ἐτάζω (etázō, “to examine, test”), although this account presents difficulties. A connection with Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true”) requires loss of the initial laryngeal. The derivation from Proto-Indo-European *soto- (from a different root *set-, seen in ἐτάζω (etázō) and ἐτεός (eteós)) is defended by Pinault.

(religion) title of five special priests at Delphi

Biblical: plural οἱ ὅσιοι (hoi hósioi, “the saints”) (LXX Psalm 29.4)


σάπων

σᾱ́πων • (sā́pōn) m (genitive σᾱ́πωνος); third declension

σᾱ́πων (canonical)
sā́pōn (romanization)
σᾱ́πωνος (genitive)
ὁ σᾱ́πων (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾱ́πωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ σᾱ́πωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾱ́πωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾱπώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾱπώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾱ́πωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾱπώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾱ́πωσῐ (dative plural)
σᾱ́πωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sā́pōsi (dative plural)
toîs sā́pōsin (dative plural)
τὸν σᾱ́πωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾱ́πωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σᾱ́πωνᾰς (accusative plural)
σᾱ́πων (singular vocative)
σᾱ́πωνε (dual vocative)
σᾱ́πωνες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܨܦܘܢܐ
→ Arabic: صَابُون (ṣābūn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Greek: σάπων (sápon)

→ Georgian: საპონი (saṗoni)

→ Middle Persian: *sābōn

Persian: صابون (sâbun)

Tajik: собун (sobun)

→ Old Armenian: սապոն (sapon)
Middle Armenian: սապոն (sapon)

⇒ Koine Greek: σαπώνιον (sapṓnion) (diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: σαπούνιν (sapoúnin)

Greek: σαπούνι (sapoúni)
→ Bulgarian: сапун (sapun)
→ Romani: saûni

Mariupol Greek: сапо́н (sapón)

Usually said to be from Latin sāpō, but borrowing from Galatian is also possible. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ (“soap”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seyb- (“to pour, strain, trickle”). Cognate with Old English sāpe (“soap”). More at soap.

Aretaeus of Cappadocia, De Curatione Diuturnorum Morborum 2.13

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 28.12

Serenus Sammonicus 158


ὀρθοέπεια

grc-noun

ὀρθοέπειᾰ • (orthoépeia) f (genitive ὀρθοεπείᾱς); first declension

ὀρθοέπειᾰ (canonical)
orthoépeia (romanization)
ὀρθοεπείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀρθοέπειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρθοεπείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀρθοέπειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρθοεπείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρθοεπείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρθοεπειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρθοεπείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρθοεπείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρθοεπείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀρθοέπειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρθοεπείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρθοεπείᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀρθοέπειᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀρθοεπείᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀρθοέπειαι (plural vocative)

English: orthoepy

Russian: орфоэ́пия (orfoépija)

Italian: ortoepia

Sicilian: urtuipìa

Form ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) + ἔπος (épos, “word”) + -ιᾰ (-ia).


θεῖον

grc-noun

θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension

theîon (romanization)
θείου (genitive)
τὸ θεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ θείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θείων (genitive plural)
τῷ θείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θείοις (dative plural)
τὸ θεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ θείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
θεῖον (singular vocative)
θείω (dual vocative)
θεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Substantivized neuter form of θεῖος (theîos, “divine”).

γένος οὖν ὑπάρχοντες τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ὀφείλομεν νομίζειν χρυσῷ ἢ ἀργύρῳ ἢ λίθῳ, χαράγματι τέχνης καὶ ἐνθυμήσεως ἀνθρώπου, τὸ θεῖον εἶναι ὅμοιον.

New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 17:29

Therefore, since we are God's offspring, we should not consider things of gold or silver or stone, being made by human skill and ingenuity, to be similar to the divine.

génos oûn hupárkhontes toû theoû ouk opheílomen nomízein khrusôi ḕ argúrōi ḕ líthōi, kharágmati tékhnēs kaì enthumḗseōs anthrṓpou, tò theîon eînai hómoion.


θεῖον

From earlier θέειον (théeion), *θέϝειον (*théweion). Usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”), implying an original meaning of "fumigant", the same root as θυμιάω (thumiáō, “to burn, smoke”).

der

ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξῆλθεν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων, ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπώλεσεν πάντας.

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 17:29

And on the day that Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from the heavens and destroyed everyone.

hêi dè hēmérāi exêlthen Lṑt apò Sodómōn, ébrexen pûr kaì theîon ap’ ouranoû kaì apṓlesen pántas.


Μάγος

grc-noun

Μάγος • (Mágos) m (genitive Μάγου); second declension

Mágos (romanization)
Μάγου (genitive)
ὁ Μᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ Μᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ Μᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Μᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Μᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Μᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ Μᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Μᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Μᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν Μᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ Μᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Μᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
Μᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
Μᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
Μᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

From an Old Iranian language presumably akin to Old Median/Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (m-gu-u-š /maguš/) and Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬕𐬎 (moġu). Both attested Old Iranian words are hapaxes, and of indeterminable meaning. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to be able”). Probably unrelated to Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬔𐬀 (maga) (cognate with Sanskrit मघ (magha, “gift”)). Attestation in Greek predates attestation in Old Iranian. See also μῆχος (mêkhos), μηχανή (mēkhanḗ).
Compare also Aramaic 𐡌𐡂𐡅𐡔 (mgwš) and Arabic مجوس (majūs).

der

(common, nonspecific) magician, and derogatorily sorcerer, trickster, conjurer, charlatan

(common, specific) a Zoroastrian priest. Compare e.g. Herodotus Hist. 1.132f, Xenophon Cyropedia 8.3.11, Porphyry Life of Pythagoras 12, Heraclitus apud Clemens Protrepticus 12, etc.

(hapax) name of one of the tribes of the Medes. This usage is only attested once; Herodotus Histories 1.101.


χρονογράφος

grc-noun

χρονογρᾰ́φος

χρονογρᾰ́φου

χρονογρᾰ́φος • (khronográphos) m (genitive χρονογρᾰ́φου); second declension

χρονογρᾰ́φος (canonical)
khronográphos (romanization)
χρονογρᾰ́φου (genitive)
ὁ χρονογρᾰ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ χρονογρᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ χρονογρᾰ́φοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρονογρᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρονογρᾰ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρονογρᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρονογρᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρονογρᾰ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρονογρᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν χρονογρᾰ́φον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρονογρᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρονογρᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
χρονογρᾰ́φε (singular vocative)
χρονογρᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
χρονογρᾰ́φοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χρονογρᾰ́φος

From χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) + γράφω (gráphō, “to write”).

af

the recording of time, chronicler, annalist


σκοπός

grc-noun

σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension

skopós (romanization)
σκοποῦ (genitive)
ὁ σκοπός (nominative singular)
τὼ σκοπώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σκοποί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκοποῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκοποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκοπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκοπῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκοποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκοποῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σκοπόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκοπώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκοπούς (accusative plural)
σκοπέ (singular vocative)
σκοπώ (dual vocative)
σκοποί (plural vocative)

Greek: σκοπός (skopós)
→ Romanian: scop

desctree

→ Latin: scopus, scopos
Italian: scopo
→ English: scope
→ Irish: scóp
Portuguese: escopo
Spanish: escopo

⇒ Translingual: Abroscopus

From the root of σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”) + -ός (-ós).

etymon

σκέπτομαι>look at


κωλοβαθριστής

grc-noun

κωλοβᾰθρῐστής

κωλοβᾰθρῐστοῦ

κωλοβᾰθρῐστής • (kōlobathristḗs) m (genitive κωλοβᾰθρῐστοῦ); first declension

κωλοβᾰθρῐστής (canonical)
kōlobathristḗs (romanization)
κωλοβᾰθρῐστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κωλοβᾰθρῐστής (nominative singular)
τὼ κωλοβᾰθρῐστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ κωλοβᾰθρῐσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωλοβᾰθρῐστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωλοβᾰθρῐσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωλοβᾰθρῐστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κωλοβᾰθρῐστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωλοβᾰθρῐσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωλοβᾰθρῐσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κωλοβᾰθρῐστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κωλοβᾰθρῐστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κωλοβᾰθρῐστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κωλοβᾰθρῐστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
κωλοβᾰθρῐστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κωλοβᾰθρῐσταί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κωλοβᾰθρῐστής

From κωλόβᾰθρον (kōlóbathron, “stilt”) + -ῐστής (-istḗs).


κωλόβαθρον

grc-noun

κωλόβᾰθρον • (kōlóbathron) n (genitive κωλοβᾰ́θρου); second declension

κωλόβᾰθρον (canonical)
kōlóbathron (romanization)
κωλοβᾰ́θρου (genitive)
τὸ κωλόβᾰθρον (nominative singular)
τὼ κωλοβᾰ́θρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κωλόβᾰθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωλοβᾰ́θρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωλοβᾰ́θροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωλοβᾰ́θρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κωλοβᾰ́θρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωλοβᾰ́θροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωλοβᾰ́θροις (dative plural)
τὸ κωλόβᾰθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κωλοβᾰ́θρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κωλόβᾰθρᾰ (accusative plural)
κωλόβᾰθρον (singular vocative)
κωλοβᾰ́θρω (dual vocative)
κωλόβᾰθρᾰ (plural vocative)

From κῶλον (kôlon, “limb”) + βᾰ́θρον (báthron, “base, pedestal”).


κῶλον

grc-noun

κῶλον • (kôlon) n (genitive κώλου); second declension

kôlon (romanization)
κώλου (genitive)
τὸ κῶλον (nominative singular)
τὼ κώλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῶλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κώλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κώλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κώλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κώλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κώλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κώλοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῶλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κώλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῶλᾰ (accusative plural)
κῶλον (singular vocative)
κώλω (dual vocative)
κῶλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cōlon (see there for further descendants)

Greek: κώλος (kólos)

Pre-Greek origin, or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-.

2nd century BC, Septuagint, I Samuel (called Βασιλειῶν Α´ in Septuagint) 17:46 (David speaking to Goliath)
καὶ ἀποκλείσει σε Κύριος σήμερον εἰς τὴν χεῖρά μου, καὶ ἀποκτενῶ σε καὶ ἀφελῶ τὴν κεφαλήν σου ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ δώσω τὰ κῶλά σου καὶ τὰ κῶλα παρεμβολῆς ἀλλοφύλων ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῖς πετεινοῖς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τοῖς θηρίοις τῆς γῆς, καὶ γνώσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ, ὅτι ἔστι Θεὸς ἐν Ἰσραήλ·
kaì apokleísei se Kúrios sḗmeron eis tḕn kheîrá mou, kaì apoktenô se kaì aphelô tḕn kephalḗn sou apò soû kaì dṓsō tà kôlá sou kaì tà kôla parembolês allophúlōn en taútēi têi hēmérāi toîs peteinoîs toû ouranoû kaì toîs thēríois tês gês, kaì gnṓsetai pâsa hē gê, hóti ésti Theòs en Israḗl;
And the Lord shall deliver thee today into my hand and I shall kill thee and take thy head off thee and give thy carcass and the carcasses of the camp of the Philistines this day to the fowls of the heaven and to the beasts of the earth and all the earth shall know that there a God is in Israel.


μαμωνᾶς

μαμωνᾶς • (mamōnâs) m (genitive μαμωνᾶ); first declension

mamōnâs (romanization)
μαμωνᾶ (genitive)
ὁ μαμωνᾶς (nominative singular)
τὼ μαμωνᾶ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαμωναῖ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαμωνᾶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαμωναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαμωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαμωνᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαμωναῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαμωναῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μαμωνᾶν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαμωνᾶ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαμωνᾶς (accusative plural)
μαμωνᾶ (singular vocative)
μαμωνᾶ (dual vocative)
μαμωναῖ (plural vocative)

Greek: Μαμωνάς (Mamonás)

→ Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌰 (mammōna)

desctree

→ Latin: mammōna, mamōna
→ English: Mammon, mammon
→ Estonian: mammona
→ Finnish: mammona
→ German: Mammon
→ Italian: Mammona

οὐ δύνασθε θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ.

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 6:24

ou dúnasthe theôi douleúein kaì mamōnâi.


γραφίς

grc-noun

γρᾰφίς • (graphís) f (genitive γρᾰφίδος); third declension

γρᾰφίς (canonical)
graphís (romanization)
γρᾰφίδος (genitive)
ἡ γρᾰφί̆ς (nominative singular)
τὼ γρᾰφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ γρᾰφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς γρᾰφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γρᾰφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γρᾰφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ γρᾰφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γρᾰφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γρᾰφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
γρᾰφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs graphísi (dative plural)
taîs graphísin (dative plural)
τὴν γρᾰφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γρᾰφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γρᾰφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
γρᾰφί̆ς (singular vocative)
γρᾰφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
γρᾰφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: γραφίδα (grafída)


ἐπιθυμία

ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (epithūmíā) f (genitive ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
epithūmíā (romanization)
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐθῡμῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐθῡμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐθῡμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐθῡμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐθῡμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ (epithumia)

Greek: επιθυμία (epithymía)

Related to ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos, “desirous”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


κακοφωνία

grc-noun

κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ • (kakophōníā) f (genitive κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
kakophōníā (romanization)
κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰκοφωνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰκοφωνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰκοφωνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰκοφωνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰκοφωνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰκοφωνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰκοφωνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Russian: какофо́ния f (kakofónija)

From κᾰκόφωνος (kakóphōnos, “ill-sounding, producing disagreeable sounds”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), that from κακο- (kako-, “bad”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”).


κακοποιία

grc-noun

κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ • (kakopoiíā) f (genitive κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
kakopoiíā (romanization)
κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰκοποιῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰκοποιῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰκοποιῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰκοποιῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰκοποιῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰκοποιῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰκοποιῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From κᾰκοποιός (kakopoiós, “doing ill, mischievous, maleficient”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from κᾰκόποιέω (kakópoiéō, “I do evil”), from κᾰκός (kakós, “bad”) + ποιέω (poiéō, “I do”).


μήν

grc-noun

μήν • (mḗn) m (genitive μηνός); third declension

mḗn (romanization)
μηνός (genitive)
ὁ μήν (nominative singular)
τὼ μῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μηνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μησῐ́ (dative plural)
μησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs mēsí (dative plural)
toîs mēsín (dative plural)
τὸν μῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
μήν (singular vocative)
μῆνε (dual vocative)
μῆνες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *méns (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Latin mēnsis (“month”), and English moon, month.


ψευδοπροφήτης

grc-noun

ψευδοπροφήτου

ψευδοπροφήτης • (pseudoprophḗtēs) m (genitive ψευδοπροφήτου); first declension

pseudoprophḗtēs (romanization)
ψευδοπροφήτου (genitive)
ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ψευδοπροφήτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψευδοπροφῆται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψευδοπροφήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψευδοπροφήταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψευδοπροφήτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψευδοπροφήταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψευδοπροφήταις (dative plural)
τὸν ψευδοπροφήτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ψευδοπροφήτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψευδοπροφήτᾱς (accusative plural)
ψευδοπροφῆτᾰ (singular vocative)
ψευδοπροφήτᾱ (dual vocative)
ψευδοπροφῆται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ψευδοπροφήτης

English: pseudoprophet

desc

𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐍃

𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐍃

→ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐍃 (galiugapraufētus), 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐍃 (liugnapraufētus) (calque)

ψευδοπροφήτης

Greek: ψευδοπροφήτης (psevdoprofítis)

Latin: pseudoprophēta

→ Russian: лжепроро́к (lžeprorók) (calque)

From ψευδο- (pseudo-, “false”) + προφήτης (prophḗtēs, “prophet, interpreter”).

af

Ἐγένοντο δὲ καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται ἐν τῷ λαῷ, ὡς καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσονται ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι

New Testament, Second Epistle of Peter 2:1

But there also arose false prophets among the people, as among you also there will be false teachers.

Egénonto dè kaì pseudoprophêtai en tôi laôi, hōs kaì en humîn ésontai pseudodidáskaloi

Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασιν προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσιν λύκοι ἅρπαγες.

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 7:15

Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.

Prosékhete apò tôn pseudoprophētôn, hoítines érkhontai pròs humâs en endúmasin probátōn, ésōthen dé eisin lúkoi hárpages.


χοραγός

grc-noun

χορᾱγός • (khorāgós) m (genitive χορᾱγοῦ); second declension

χορᾱγός (canonical)
khorāgós (romanization)
χορᾱγοῦ (genitive)


γάζα

γᾰ́ζᾰ • (gáza) f (genitive γᾰ́ζης); first declension

γᾰ́ζᾰ (canonical)
gáza (romanization)
γᾰ́ζης (genitive)
ἡ γᾰ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰ́ζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰ́ζαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: gaza

From Old Median *ganǰam (“treasure”) spread by the Achaemenid administration.


Ἕλληνες

grc-noun form

Ἕλληνες • (Héllēnes)

nominative/vocative plural of Ἕλλην (Héllēn)


ἄβαξ

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́βᾰξ • (ábax) m (genitive ἄβᾰκος); third declension

ᾰ̓́βᾰξ (canonical)
ábax (romanization)
ἄβᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́βᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́βᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́βᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́βᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́βᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́βᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́βᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ábaxi (dative plural)
toîs ábaxin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́βᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́βᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓́βᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́βᾰξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́βᾰκε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́βᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: άβακας m (ávakas)

→ Latin: abacus

→ English: abacus

→ French: abaque

→ English: abaque

→ Italian: abaco

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abakus

→ Portuguese: ábaco

Usually suggested to be of Semitic origin, such as Phoenician or Hebrew אָבָק (ʾāḇā́q, “dust”), but Beekes finds this unconvincing.


διάλεκτος

δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension

δῐᾰ́λεκτος (canonical)
diálektos (romanization)
δῐᾰλέκτου (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́λεκτος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλέκτω (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰ́λεκτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰλέκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλέκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰλέκτων (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰλέκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰλέκτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰλέκτοις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́λεκτον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰλέκτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰλέκτους (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́λεκτε (singular vocative)
δῐᾰλέκτω (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́λεκτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάλεκτος (diálektos)

Latin: dialectos

From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) + -τος (-tos), from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).


φοῖνιξ

grc-noun

φοῖνῐξ • (phoînix) m (genitive φοίνῑκος); third declension

φοῖνῐξ (canonical)
phoînix (romanization)
φοίνῑκος (genitive)
ὁ φοῖνῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ φοίνῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φοίνῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φοινῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φοίνῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φοίνῑξῐ (dative plural)
φοίνῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxi (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxin (dative plural)
τὸν φοίνῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φοίνῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
φοῖνῐξ (singular vocative)
φοίνῑκε (dual vocative)
φοίνῑκες (plural vocative)

Greek: φοίνικας (foínikas)

→ Latin: phoenīx

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փիւնիկ (pʻiwnik), փիւնիկս (pʻiwniks), փիւնիկոս (pʻiwnikos), փիւնիքս (pʻiwnikʻs), փոնիքս (pʻonikʻs)
→ Armenian: փյունիկ (pʻyunik) (learned)
→ Old Georgian: ფუვინკაჲ (puvinḳay)

→ Old Georgian: ფჳნიქსი (pwiniksi)

The etymology surrounding all senses remains somewhat unclear. The fact that the dye came exclusively from Phoenicia assures some connection. However, it is unclear if it comes from native Greek or is a Phoenician loanword. The relationship in the sense of "mythical bird" and Egyptian bnw (“phoenix, Bennu bird”) is clear, but some have argued for a Semitic source (possibly Phoenician), perhaps related to the "dye" sense and the bird's red plumage. It has been argued both that the name of the tree derives from the bird and vice versa; it may be significant that Egyptian bnw can also mean both a mythical bird and the fruit of the date tree. Regardless of the etymology, the word traces back to the Mycenaean era, as evidenced by 𐀡𐀛𐀐 (po-ni-ke) and 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀠 (po-ni-ki-pi) (most likely date palm). Compare Hebrew פֻּוָּ֕ה (puw·wā, “a clan's name”) and Arabic فُوَّه (fuwwah, “madder”), a plant whose root yields purple-red dye.

cog

(mythology) phoenix, the mythical bird derived from Egyptian mythology

(music) A guitar-like instrument invented by the Phoenicians


ἀβακίσκος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκος • (abakískos) m (genitive ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκου); second declension

ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκος (canonical)
abakískos (romanization)
ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓βᾰκῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

From ᾰ̓́βᾰξ (ábax, “board”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos).

affix

A coloured stone for inlaying in mosaic work: abaculus


σχίσις

grc-noun

σχῐ́σῐς • (skhísis) f (genitive σχῐ́σεως); third declension

σχῐ́σῐς (canonical)
skhísis (romanization)
σχῐ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ σχῐ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σχῐ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ σχῐ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σχῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σχῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν σχῐσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
σχῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs skhísesi (dative plural)
taîs skhísesin (dative plural)
τὴν σχῐ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σχῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχῐ́σεις (accusative plural)
σχῐ́σῐ (singular vocative)
σχῐ́σει (dual vocative)
σχῐ́σεις (plural vocative)

→ English: schisis

→ Russian: схи́зис (sxízis)

From σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) + -σις (-sis).


ὄγκος

grc-noun

ὄγκος • (ónkos) m (genitive ὄγκου); second declension

ónkos (romanization)
ὄγκου (genitive)
ὁ ὄγκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄγκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄγκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄγκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄγκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄγκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄγκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄγκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄγκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄγκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄγκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄγκους (accusative plural)
ὄγκε (singular vocative)
ὄγκω (dual vocative)
ὄγκοι (plural vocative)

English: onco-

Greek: όγκος (ógkos)

Portuguese: onco-

Spanish: onco-

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁onḱos (“burden”), from *h₁neḱ- (“to take away”). It has also been claimed that all attestations can be understood from a meaning "swelling", from earlier "curvature", and thus ultimately identical to 'Etymology 2'.
Compare with the semantics of Latin mōlēs.


ὄγκος

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ónkos (“hook”). Cognates include Sanskrit अङ्क (aṅká) and Latin uncus.


αἴσθησις

αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension

αἴσθησῐς (canonical)
aísthēsis (romanization)
αἰσθήσεως (genitive)
ἡ αἴσθησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰσθήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ αἰσθήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰσθήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰσθησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰσθήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰσθήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰσθησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰσθήσεσῐ (dative plural)
αἰσθήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs aisthḗsesi (dative plural)
taîs aisthḗsesin (dative plural)
τὴν αἴσθησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰσθήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰσθήσεις (accusative plural)
αἴσθησῐ (singular vocative)
αἰσθήσει (dual vocative)
αἰσθήσεις (plural vocative)

Greek: αίσθηση (aísthisi)

From αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) + -σῐς (-sis).

af

Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing

Perception by the intellect as well as the senses

Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters


ἐξουσία

grc-noun

ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ • (exousíā) f (genitive ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
exousíā (romanization)
ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐξουσῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐξουσῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐξουσῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐξουσῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐξουσῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐξουσῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐξουσῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐξουσῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ (eksousia)

Greek: εξουσία (exousía)

From ἐξοντ- (exont-, participle) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, verbal adjective suffix), from ἔξεστι (éxesti, “it is possible, it is allowed”).

affix

power, means, license, or authority to do something.


πλουτοκρατία

grc-noun

πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ

πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς

πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (ploutokratíā) f (genitive πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension

πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
ploutokratíā (romanization)
πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλουτοκρᾰτῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πλουτοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ

English: plutocracy

desc

πλουτοκρατία

Greek: πλουτοκρατία (ploutokratía)

плутокра́тия

Russian: плутокра́тия f (plutokrátija)

πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “wealth”) + -κρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (-kratíā, “form of government”)


χόνδρος

grc-noun

χόνδρος • (khóndros) m (genitive χόνδρου); second declension

khóndros (romanization)
χόνδρου (genitive)
ὁ χόνδρος (nominative singular)
τὼ χόνδρω (dual nominative)
οἱ χόνδροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χόνδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χόνδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χόνδρων (genitive plural)
τῷ χόνδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χόνδροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χόνδροις (dative plural)
τὸν χόνδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ χόνδρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χόνδρους (accusative plural)
χόνδρε (singular vocative)
χόνδρω (dual vocative)
χόνδροι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs)

→ English: chondro-

→ Greek: χόνδρος (chóndros)

Maybe with dissimilatory elision from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to grind, crush”) (see *gʰer-), the same root of Proto-Germanic *grindaną (“to grind”) and Latin frendō (“I gnash”), + -ρος (-ros). However, Beekes finds this proposal unconvincing.


τρωγλοδύτης

grc-noun

τρωγλοδῠ́της

τρωγλοδῠ́του

τρωγλοδῠ́της • (trōglodútēs) m (genitive τρωγλοδῠ́του); first declension

τρωγλοδῠ́της (canonical)
trōglodútēs (romanization)
τρωγλοδῠ́του (genitive)
ὁ τρωγλοδῠ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ τρωγλοδῠ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ τρωγλοδῠ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρωγλοδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρωγλοδῠ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρωγλοδῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ τρωγλοδῠ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρωγλοδῠ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρωγλοδῠ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν τρωγλοδῠ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ τρωγλοδῠ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρωγλοδῠ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
τρωγλοδῠ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
τρωγλοδῠ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
τρωγλοδῠ́ται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

τρωγλοδῠ́της

τρωγλοδῠ́του

English: troglodyte

French: troglodyte

Greek: τρωγλοδύτης (troglodýtis)

Italian: troglodita

Portuguese: troglodita

Russian: троглоди́т (troglodít)

Sicilian: trugrudita

Spanish: troglodita

From τρώγλη (trṓglē, “hole”) + δύω (dúō, “I get into”) + -της (-tēs).

affix

One who crawls in holes or caves, such as a snake or fox.


πλοῦτος

grc-noun

πλοῦτος • (ploûtos) m or n (genitive πλούτου or πλούτους, variously declined); second declension, third declension

ploûtos (romanization)
πλούτου (genitive)
πλούτους (genitive)
genitive πλούτου (romanization)
πλούτους (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ πλοῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλούτω (dual nominative)
οἱ πλοῦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλούτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλούτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλούτων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλούτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλούτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλούτοις (dative plural)
τὸν πλοῦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ πλούτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλούτους (accusative plural)
πλοῦτε (singular vocative)
πλούτω (dual vocative)
πλοῦτοι (plural vocative)
τὸ πλοῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλούτει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλούτη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλούτους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλουτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλούτει (dative singular)
τοῖν πλουτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλούτεσῐ (dative plural)
πλούτεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ploútesi (dative plural)
toîs ploútesin (dative plural)
τὸ πλοῦτος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλούτει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλούτη (accusative plural)
πλοῦτος (singular vocative)
πλούτει (dual vocative)
πλούτη (plural vocative)

Greek: πλούτος (ploútos)

From the root of πλέω (pléō, “to float, sail”) (perhaps in some early meaning of "flow" > "abound") with the suffix -τος (-tos); for the suffix, compare βίοτος (bíotos, “life”), νόστος (nóstos, “journey, return”).

οὐδέ σ’ ὀΐω […] ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν.
oudé s’ oḯō […] áphenos kaì ploûton aphúxein.

nor do I intend […] to pile up riches and wealth for you.

πολλοὶ οὖν,” ἦ δ’ ὅς, “ψυχὰς πονηρὰς ἔχοντες ἠμφιεσμένοι εἰσὶ […] πλούτους
polloì oûn,” ê d’ hós, “psukhàs ponēràs ékhontes ēmphiesménoi eisì […] ploútous

“Now many,” said he, “who have wicked souls are clad in […] wealth


σχολή

σχολή • (skholḗ) f (genitive σχολῆς); first declension

skholḗ (romanization)
σχολῆς (genitive)
ἡ σχολή (nominative singular)
τὼ σχολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σχολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σχολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σχολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σχολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σχολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σχολή (singular vocative)
σχολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σχολαί (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: אסכולא

→ Belarusian: шко́ла (škóla)

→ Bulgarian: шко́ла (škóla)

desctree

→ Georgian: სკოლა (sḳola)
→ Bats: სკოლ (sḳol)

→ Greek: σχολή (scholí)

→ Ido: skolo

→ Interlingua: schola

→ Latin: schola (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: шко́ла (škóla)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܟܘܠܐ

From Proto-Hellenic *skʰolā́ (“holding back”), from Proto-Indo-European *sǵʰ-h₃-léh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”). Synchronically analyzed as a formation from the aorist stem σχ- (skh-) of ἔχω (ékhō, “I hold”).

inh

that in which leisure time is spent, especially lecture, disputation, discussion

place where lectures were given, school, lecture hall

(in the plural) the Praetorian guard (see Latin scholae)


νᾶμα

grc-noun

νᾶμᾰ • (nâma) n (genitive νᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension

νᾶμᾰ (canonical)
nâma (romanization)
νᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ νᾶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ νᾱ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νᾱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ νᾱ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νᾱ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
νᾱ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs nā́masi (dative plural)
toîs nā́masin (dative plural)
τὸ νᾶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νᾱ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
νᾶμᾰ (singular vocative)
νᾱ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
νᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Running water: fountain, stream, river, spring


τρώγλη

τρώγλη • (trṓglē) f (genitive τρώγλης); first declension

trṓglē (romanization)
τρώγλης (genitive)
ἡ τρώγλη (nominative singular)
τὼ τρώγλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῶγλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρώγλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρώγλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρωγλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρώγλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρώγλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρώγλαις (dative plural)
τὴν τρώγλην (accusative singular)
τὼ τρώγλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρώγλᾱς (accusative plural)
τρώγλη (singular vocative)
τρώγλᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῶγλαι (plural vocative)

/trɔ̌ː.ɡlɛː/

/trɔ̌ː.ɡlɛː/

From τρώγω (trṓgō, “I bite, I eat”) (through the concept of an animal chewing a hole).


ὄνυξ

ὄνῠξ • (ónux) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

ὄνῠξ (canonical)
ónux (romanization)
ὄνῠχος (genitive)
ὁ ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ónuxi (dative plural)
toîs ónuxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)
ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dual genitive)
ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dative dual)
ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
ónuxi (dative plural)
ónuxin (dative plural)
onúkhessi (dative plural)
onúkhessin (dative plural)
onúkhesi (dative plural)
onúkhesin (dative plural)
ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: νύχιν (núkhin) (from diminutive ὀνύχιον)

Greek: νύχι (nýchi)

Mariupol Greek: ныш (nyš), ниш (niš)

→ Latin: onyx

Old French: oniche, onix

French: onyx

→ Dutch: onyx

→ Romanian: onix

desctree

→ Middle English: oniche, oneche, onix, onis, onyx, onys
English: onyx
Scots: onix

→ Russian: о́никс (óniks)
→ Kazakh: оникс (oniks)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”). Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish inga, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).
The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.

anything which resembles a claw or nail
scraping tool

anything which resembles a claw or nail
onyx (gem)

anything which resembles a claw or nail
a kind of aromatic substance


χάλαζα

grc-noun

χᾰ́λαζᾰ • (khálaza) f (genitive χᾰλάζης); first declension

χᾰ́λαζᾰ (canonical)
khálaza (romanization)
χᾰλάζης (genitive)
ἡ χᾰ́λαζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλάζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰ́λαζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλάζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλάζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλαζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλάζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλάζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλάζαις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰ́λαζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλάζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλάζᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́λαζᾰ (singular vocative)
χᾰλάζᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰ́λαζαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d- (“hail; hoarfrost”). Cognate with Persian ژاله (žâle, “hail”).


πτέρυξ

grc-noun

πτέρῠξ • (ptérux) f (genitive πτέρῠγος); third declension

πτέρῠξ (canonical)
ptérux (romanization)
πτέρῠγος (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρῠγες (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρῠξῐ (dative plural)
πτέρῠξῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxi (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxin (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
πτέρῠξ (singular vocative)
πτέρῠγε (dual vocative)
πτέρῠγες (plural vocative)

Greek: πτέρυγα (ptéryga)

English: pterygo-, pteryg-

Connected with πτερόν (pterón, “feather”), but with an unexplained suffix.

(usually in the plural) wing of a bird
winged creature, bird

(usually in the plural) wing of a bird
(poetic) flight, augury, omen

anything like a wing:
(zootomy, in the plural) fins, flippers

anything like a wing:
(in the plural) feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)

anything like a wing:
feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)

blade of the steering paddle; rudder, oar

broad edge of a sword or axe; (zootomy) beak of a swordfish

anything like a wing:
(anatomy) lobe of the lungs; earlobe

anything like a wing:
lobe of the lungs; earlobe

anything like a wing:
point of a building

anything like a wing:
front frame of a torsion engine

anything like a wing:
(anatomy) shoulder blade

(in the plural) The title of a poem whose lines form a pattern like wings.

anything like a wing:
(in the plural) sails

anything that covers or protects like wings


ἀμφίσβαινα

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ • (amphísbaina) f (genitive ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης); first declension

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (canonical)
amphísbaina (romanization)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

→ Latin: amphisbaena (see there for further descendants)

From ᾰ̓μφῐ́ς (amphís, “on both sides”) + βαίνω (baínō, “I go”) + -ᾰ (-a).

af

a kind of serpent which can go backwards or forwards

veins which run between the breast and generative organs


ψαλτήριον

grc-noun

ψᾰλτήρῐον • (psaltḗrion) n (genitive ψᾰλτηρῐ́ου); second declension

ψᾰλτήρῐον (canonical)
psaltḗrion (romanization)
ψᾰλτηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ψᾰλτήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ψᾰλτηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ψᾰλτήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψᾰλτηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψᾰλτηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψᾰλτηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψᾰλτηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψᾰλτηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψᾰλτηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ψᾰλτήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψᾰλτηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ψᾰλτήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ψᾰλτήρῐον (singular vocative)
ψᾰλτηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ψᾰλτήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

פְּסַנְתֵּרִין

→ Aramaic: פְּסַנְתֵּרִין (psanterín)

desctree

→? Persian: سنتور (santur)
→ Armenian: սանթուր (santʻur), սանթուռ (santʻuṙ)
→ English: santur, santūr, santour, santouri, santoor, santir
→ Ottoman Turkish: سانطور (santur)
Turkish: santur

→ Greek: ψαλτήριο (psaltírio)

→ Latin: psaltērium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: ѱалтирь (psaltirĭ)

→ Romanian: psaltire

From ψάλλω (psállō, “to touch sharply, to pluck, to pull, to twitch”) + -τήριον (-tḗrion), from ψάω (psáō, “to touch lightly, to rub”), which acquired the meaning of plucking a harp, and later making music in general.


πύλη

grc-noun

πῠ́λη • (púlē) f (genitive πῠ́λης); first declension

πῠ́λη (canonical)
púlē (romanization)
πῠ́λης (genitive)
ἡ πῠ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῠ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῠ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν πῠ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
πῠ́λη (singular vocative)
πῠ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
πῠ́λαι (plural vocative)
πῠ́λη (nominative singular)
πῠ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
πῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
πῠ́λης (genitive singular)
πῠ́λαιν (dual genitive)
πῠ́λαιῐν (dual genitive)
πῠ́λῃῐν (dual genitive)
púlain (dual genitive)
púlaiin (dual genitive)
púlēiin (dual genitive)
πῠλᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
πῠλέ͜ων (genitive plural)
πῠλῶν (genitive plural)
πῠ́λῃ (dative singular)
πῠ́λαιν (dative dual)
πῠ́λαιῐν (dative dual)
πῠ́λῃῐν (dative dual)
púlain (dative dual)
púlaiin (dative dual)
púlēiin (dative dual)
πῠ́λῃσῐ (dative plural)
πῠ́λῃσῐν (dative plural)
πῠ́λῃς (dative plural)
πῠ́λαις (dative plural)
púlēisi (dative plural)
púlēisin (dative plural)
púlēis (dative plural)
púlais (dative plural)
πῠ́λην (accusative singular)
πῠ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
πῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
πῠ́λη (singular vocative)
πῠ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
πῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πύλη (pýli)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲩⲗⲏ (pulē)

→ Latin: pylae

Of uncertain origin. Probably a Pre-Greek loan, like many other architectural terms.


γλαῦκες

head

γλαῦκες • (glaûkes)


ἀψίνθιον

grc-noun

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension

apsínthion (romanization)
ἀψινθίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀψινθίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀψινθίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀψινθίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀψινθίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀψίνθιον (singular vocative)
ἀψινθίω (dual vocative)
ἀψίνθιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)

desctree

أَفْسِنْتِين

→ Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
→ Persian: افسنتین
→ Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
→ Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
→ Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)

→ Aramaic:

Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)

Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)

Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)

→ Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).

cog

Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ ἦν μὲν ἡ γῆ πεδίον ἅπαν ὁμαλὲς ὥσπερ θάλαττα, ἀψινθίου δὲ πλῆρες·

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.5.1

In this region the ground was all a plain, flat like the sea, and full of wormwood.

En toútōi dè tôi tópōi ên mèn hē gê pedíon hápan homalès hṓsper thálatta, apsinthíou dè plêres;

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual


γλαῦξ

grc-noun

γλαῦξ • (glaûx) f (genitive γλαυκός); third declension

glaûx (romanization)
γλαυκός (genitive)
ἡ γλαῦξ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαῦκε (dual nominative)
αἱ γλαῦκες (nominative plural)
τῆς γλαυκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλαυκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλαυξῐ́ (dative plural)
γλαυξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs glauxí (dative plural)
taîs glauxín (dative plural)
τὴν γλαῦκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαῦκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλαῦκᾰς (accusative plural)
γλαῦξ (singular vocative)
γλαῦκε (dual vocative)
γλαῦκες (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκα (gláfka).

In ancient times considered to derive from γλαυκός (glaukós, “bright”) in reference to their gleaming eyes; possibly pre-Greek according to Beekes.

Athene noctua
Athene noctua#Translingual

the Athenian coins, from the owls depicted thereon (usually in plural)

γλ. θαλαττία, an unknown species of birds

Coronopus procumbens
Coronopus procumbens


ἄβυσσος

ἄβῠσσος • (ábussos) f (genitive ἀβύσσου); second declension

ἄβῠσσος (canonical)
ábussos (romanization)
ἀβύσσου (genitive)
ἡ ἄβυσσος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀβύσσω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄβυσσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀβύσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀβύσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀβύσσων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀβύσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀβύσσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀβύσσοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄβυσσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀβύσσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀβύσσους (accusative plural)
ἄβυσσε (singular vocative)
ἀβύσσω (dual vocative)
ἄβυσσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άβυσσος (ávyssos)

→ Latin: abyssus (see there for further descendants)

ἀ- (a-) + βυθός (buthós, “depth of the sea”) Compare Sanskrit अगाध (agādha, “fathomless; abyss, chasm”).

cog

the subterranean world of the dead: abyss


σοφιστής

grc-noun

σοφῐστής • (sophistḗs) m (genitive σοφῐστοῦ); first declension

σοφῐστής (canonical)
sophistḗs (romanization)
σοφῐστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σοφῐστής (nominative singular)
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ σοφῐσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σοφῐστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σοφῐστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σοφῐστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σοφῐσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σοφῐστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σοφῐστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σοφῐστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
σοφῐστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σοφῐσταί (plural vocative)

Greek: σοφιστής (sofistís)

→ Arabic:

desc

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: סופיסטה, סופיסטא, סופיסטיס

Classical Syriac: ܣܘܿܦܝܺܣܛܳܐ (sōpisṭā), ܣܦܣܛܐ, ܣܘܦܣܛܐ, ܣܦܝܣܛܘܣ

desctree

→ Latin: sophistēs, sophista (all periods), sofista (Medieval Latin)
→ English: sophist
→ French: sophiste

From σοφίζω (sophízō, “to become wise”) + -ιστής (-istḗs), from σοφός (sophós, “wise”).

af

(slang, derogatory) One who makes a profit off of false wisdom: cheat, swindler


παρθένος

grc-noun

παρθένος • (parthénos) f (genitive παρθένου); second declension

parthénos (romanization)
παρθένου (genitive)
ἡ παρθένος (nominative singular)
τὼ παρθένω (dual nominative)
αἱ παρθένοι (nominative plural)
τῆς παρθένου (genitive singular)
τοῖν παρθένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παρθένων (genitive plural)
τῇ παρθένῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν παρθένοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς παρθένοις (dative plural)
τὴν παρθένον (accusative singular)
τὼ παρθένω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παρθένους (accusative plural)
παρθένε (singular vocative)
παρθένω (dual vocative)
παρθένοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (parthenos)

→ English: parthen-

Greek: παρθένος (parthénos)

Conventionally reconstructed from Proto-Hellenic *parsteno-, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-stén-o-s (with development of PIE *-rst- > Greek -ρθ- (-rth-)), from *pstḗn (“breast”).
Etruscan 𐌚𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌍𐌀 (farθana), 𐌚𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌍𐌄 (farθne, “virgin, maiden”) is usually explained as a loanword from Greek.

epithet of various goddesses, most commonly of Athena


κλειδί

head

κλειδῐ́ • (kleidí) f

κλειδῐ́ (canonical)
kleidí (romanization)


σμίλη

grc-noun

σμῑ́λη • (smī́lē) f (genitive σμῑ́λης); first declension

σμῑ́λη (canonical)
smī́lē (romanization)
σμῑ́λης (genitive)
ἡ σμῑ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῑ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σμῖλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σμῑ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῑ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῑλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σμῑ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῑ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμῑ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν σμῑ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῑ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμῑ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
σμῑ́λη (singular vocative)
σμῑ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
σμῖλαι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: (“scalpel, shoe-knife”)

Classical Syriac: ܙܡܝܻܠܝܳܐ (zmēlyā)

desc

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܝܙܡܝܠ (/*ʾizmēl/)

אִיזְמֵיל / אִיזְמֵל / אִזְמֵל

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic: אִיזְמֵיל / אִיזְמֵל / אִזְמֵל (ʾizmēl), אוּזְמֵל (ʾuzmēl)

→ Hebrew: אִזְמֵל (ʾizmēl, “scalpel”)

The word has been connected with Proto-Germanic *smiþaz (“smith”); however, this etymology is shaky. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *smī- (“to cut, hew”). Alternatively, a Pre-Greek etymology might be considered.

der

A tool for cutting or carving: knife, chisel


κλείς

grc-noun

κλείς • (kleís) f (genitive κλειδός); third declension

kleís (romanization)
κλειδός (genitive)
ἡ κλείς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλεῖδε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλεῖδες (nominative plural)
κλεῖς (nominative plural)
τῆς κλειδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλειδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλειδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλειδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλειδοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλεισῐ́ (dative plural)
κλεισῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs kleisí (dative plural)
taîs kleisín (dative plural)
τὴν κλεῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
κλεῖν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλεῖδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλεῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
κλεῖς (accusative plural)
κλείς (singular vocative)
κλεῖδε (dual vocative)
κλεῖδες (plural vocative)
κλεῖς (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κλεῖδᾰ/κλεῖν

κλεῖδες/κλεῖς

κλεῖδᾰς/κλεῖς

→ Aghwan: 𐕄𐔼𐔾𐕜 (ḳilṭ)

desctree

→ Aramaic: קלידא
Classical Syriac: ܩܠܝܕܐ (qəlīḏāʾ)
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַקְלִידָא (ʾaqlīḏāʾ)
→ Arabic: إِقْلِيد (ʔiqlīd)
→ Hebrew: קְלִיד (qəlîḏ)

→ English: cleido-

⇒ New Latin: sternocleidomastoīdēs, sternocleidomastoīdeus

→ English: sternocleidomastoid, sternocleidomastoideus

→ Old Georgian: კლიტჱ (ḳliṭē)

Georgian: კლიტე (ḳliṭe), კილტე (ḳilṭe) — Adjara, Guria, Fereydan
→ Bats: კლიტ (ḳliṭ)

→ Persian: کلید (kelid)
→ Azerbaijani: kilid
→ Kazakh: кілт (kılt)
→ Northern Kurdish: kilîd
→ Ottoman Turkish: كلید (kilid), كلیت (kilit)
Turkish: kilit
→ Uzbek: kalit

From Proto-Hellenic *klāwī́ds, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Latin clāvus (“nail, pin”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”).

cog

a catch or hook passed through the door from the outside to catch the strap attached to the bar

bar, bolt
(figurative) a means to something; key

(anatomy) collarbone (probably so called from its hook shape)


οὐροπύγιον

grc-noun

οὐροπῡ́γῐον • (ouropū́gion) n (genitive οὐροπῡγῐ́ου); second declension

οὐροπῡ́γῐον (canonical)
ouropū́gion (romanization)
οὐροπῡγῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ οὐροπῡ́γῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐροπῡγῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὐροπῡ́γῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐροπῡγῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐροπῡγῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐροπῡγῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐροπῡγῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐροπῡγῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐροπῡγῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ οὐροπῡ́γῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐροπῡγῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὐροπῡ́γῐᾰ (accusative plural)
οὐροπῡ́γῐον (singular vocative)
οὐροπῡγῐ́ω (dual vocative)
οὐροπῡ́γῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ὄρρος (órrhos, “rump, tail”) + πυγή (pugḗ, “buttocks”) + -ιον (-ion).