See ὑπέρα in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "From ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér, “over, above”, preposition).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hē hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hai hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "tês hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ῠ̔πέραιν",
"roman": "toîn hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν ῠ̔περῶν",
"roman": "tôn hŭperôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ ῠ̔πέρᾳ",
"roman": "têi hŭpérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ῠ̔πέραιν",
"roman": "toîn hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς ῠ̔πέραις",
"roman": "taîs hŭpérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν ῠ̔πέρᾱν",
"roman": "tḕn hŭpérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "tā̀s hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpéraiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περᾱ́ων",
"roman": "hŭperā́ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περέ͜ων",
"roman": "hŭperé͜ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περῶν",
"roman": "hŭperôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾳ",
"roman": "hŭpérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpéraiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃσῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃσῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραις",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēisĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēisĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱν",
"roman": "hŭpérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"3": "f",
"4": "first"
},
"expansion": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ • (hŭpérā) f (genitive ῠ̔πέρᾱς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"dial": "epi"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Sailing",
"orig": "grc:Sailing",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ăpheìs tḕn hŭpérān tòn pódă dĭṓkei, proverb",
"word": "ᾰ̓φεὶς τὴν ῠ̔πέρᾱν τὸν πόδᾰ δῐώκει"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1919 translation by Augustus Taber Murray\nAnd he made fast in the raft braces and halyards and sheets,\nand then with levers forced it down into the bright sea.",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.260–261",
"roman": "mokhloîsin d’ ára tḗn ge kateírusen eis hála dîan.",
"text": "ἐν δ’ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ’ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,\nμοχλοῖσιν δ’ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.\nen d’ hupéras te kálous te pódas t’ enédēsen en autêi,"
},
{
"text": "390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, Fragments 181"
},
{
"text": "125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 14.4.1"
}
],
"glosses": [
"each of the braces attached to the ends of the ἐπίκρια (“sailyards”), whereby the sails are shifted fore and aft, to catch the wind"
],
"id": "en-ὑπέρα-grc-noun-VWIRQdRU",
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"brace",
"brace"
],
[
"ἐπίκρια",
"ἐπίκριον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"sailyard",
"sailyard"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"fore",
"fore"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing, chiefly in the plural) each of the braces attached to the ends of the ἐπίκρια (“sailyards”), whereby the sails are shifted fore and aft, to catch the wind"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hy.pé.raː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈpe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hy.pé.raː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/(h)yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈpe.ra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὑπέρα"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ăpheìs tḕn hŭpérān tòn pódă dĭṓkei, proverb",
"word": "ᾰ̓φεὶς τὴν ῠ̔πέρᾱν τὸν πόδᾰ δῐώκει"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér, “over, above”, preposition).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hē hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hai hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "tês hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ῠ̔πέραιν",
"roman": "toîn hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν ῠ̔περῶν",
"roman": "tôn hŭperôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ ῠ̔πέρᾳ",
"roman": "têi hŭpérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ῠ̔πέραιν",
"roman": "toîn hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς ῠ̔πέραις",
"roman": "taîs hŭpérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν ῠ̔πέρᾱν",
"roman": "tḕn hŭpérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "tā̀s hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpéraiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περᾱ́ων",
"roman": "hŭperā́ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περέ͜ων",
"roman": "hŭperé͜ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔περῶν",
"roman": "hŭperôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾳ",
"roman": "hŭpérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραιῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpéraiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēiĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃσῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃσῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρῃς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραις",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēisĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēisĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérēis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hŭpérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱν",
"roman": "hŭpérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"roman": "hŭpérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"roman": "hŭpérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ῠ̔πέραι",
"roman": "hŭpérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"3": "f",
"4": "first"
},
"expansion": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ • (hŭpérā) f (genitive ῠ̔πέρᾱς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ῠ̔πέρᾱ",
"2": "ῠ̔πέρᾱς",
"dial": "epi"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"grc:Sailing"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1919 translation by Augustus Taber Murray\nAnd he made fast in the raft braces and halyards and sheets,\nand then with levers forced it down into the bright sea.",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.260–261",
"roman": "mokhloîsin d’ ára tḗn ge kateírusen eis hála dîan.",
"text": "ἐν δ’ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ’ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,\nμοχλοῖσιν δ’ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.\nen d’ hupéras te kálous te pódas t’ enédēsen en autêi,"
},
{
"text": "390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, Fragments 181"
},
{
"text": "125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 14.4.1"
}
],
"glosses": [
"each of the braces attached to the ends of the ἐπίκρια (“sailyards”), whereby the sails are shifted fore and aft, to catch the wind"
],
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"brace",
"brace"
],
[
"ἐπίκρια",
"ἐπίκριον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"sailyard",
"sailyard"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"fore",
"fore"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing, chiefly in the plural) each of the braces attached to the ends of the ἐπίκρια (“sailyards”), whereby the sails are shifted fore and aft, to catch the wind"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hy.pé.raː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈpe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hy.pé.raː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/(h)yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/yˈpe.ra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈpe.ra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὑπέρα"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ὑπέρα meaning in Ancient Greek (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.