See ὄλεθρος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for ὄλεθρος meaning in Ancient Greek (7.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "όλεθρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: όλεθρος (ólethros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: όλεθρος (ólethros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*óletʰros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *óletʰros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁dʰros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁dʰros",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *óletʰros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁dʰros, from *h₃elh₁- (“to destroy”). Cognate with ὄλλῡμῐ (óllūmi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ólethros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ὀλέθρου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ ὄλεθρος",
"roman": "ho ólethros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "tṑ oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ ὄλεθροι",
"roman": "hoi ólethroi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ ὀλέθρου",
"roman": "toû oléthrou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ὀλέθροιν",
"roman": "toîn oléthroin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν ὀλέθρων",
"roman": "tôn oléthrōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ ὀλέθρῳ",
"roman": "tôi oléthrōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ὀλέθροιν",
"roman": "toîn oléthroin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς ὀλέθροις",
"roman": "toîs oléthrois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν ὄλεθρον",
"roman": "tòn ólethron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "tṑ oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς ὀλέθρους",
"roman": "toùs oléthrous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄλεθρε",
"roman": "ólethre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄλεθροι",
"roman": "ólethroi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ὀλέθρου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "ὄλεθρος • (ólethros) m (genitive ὀλέθρου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ὄλεθρος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "then all the others, who had fled headlong destruction,\nwere at home, having escaped war and the sea",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.1–12",
"roman": "oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan;",
"text": "ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον,\nοἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·\nénth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, death, bane"
],
"id": "en-ὄλεθρος-grc-noun-Ydiw8daJ",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"death",
"death"
],
[
"bane",
"bane"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But then she, subdued by Orthus, gave birth to the ruinous Sphinx, a plague to the Cadmeans, and the Nemean lion",
"ref": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 326–327",
"roman": "Hórthōi hupodmētheîsa Nemeiaîón te léonta",
"text": "ἣ δ’ ἄρα Φῖκ’ ὀλοὴν τέκε Καδμείοισιν ὄλεθρον\nὍρθῳ ὑποδμηθεῖσα Νεμειαῖόν τε λέοντα\nhḕ d’ ára Phîk’ oloḕn téke Kadmeíoisin ólethron"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing destruction: pest, plague"
],
"id": "en-ὄλεθρος-grc-noun-4W~CYFyW",
"links": [
[
"causing",
"causing"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 325",
"roman": "Fly, fly, Nicodicé, ere Calycé and Crityllé perish in the fire, or are stifled in the smoke raised by these accursed old men and their pitiless laws.",
"text": "πέτου πέτου Νικοδίκη,\nπρὶν ἐμπεπρῆσθαι Καλύκην\nτε καὶ Κρίτυλλαν περιφυσήτω\nὑπό τε νόμων ἀργαλέων\nὑπό τε γερόντων ὀλέθρων.\npétou pétou Nikodíkē,\nprìn empeprêsthai Kalúkēn\nte kaì Krítullan periphusḗtō\nhupó te nómōn argaléōn\nhupó te geróntōn oléthrōn.\n1912 translation by The Athenian Society"
},
{
"english": "he is a pestilent Macedonian, from whose country it used not to be possible to buy even a slave of any value.",
"ref": "341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 31",
"text": "ἀλλ᾽ ὀλέθρου Μακεδόνος, ὅθεν οὐδ᾽ ἀνδράποδον σπουδαῖον οὐδὲν ἦν πρότερον πρίασθαι.\nall᾽ oléthrou Makedónos, hóthen oud᾽ andrápodon spoudaîon oudèn ên próteron príasthai.\nTranslation by Sir Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge (1873–1952)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing destruction: pest, plague",
"As a contemptuous name applied to a person."
],
"id": "en-ὄλεθρος-grc-noun-HCXGVWJt",
"links": [
[
"causing",
"causing"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ó.le.tʰros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ó.le.tʰros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.tʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὄλεθρος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "όλεθρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: όλεθρος (ólethros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: όλεθρος (ólethros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*óletʰros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *óletʰros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁dʰros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁dʰros",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *óletʰros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁dʰros, from *h₃elh₁- (“to destroy”). Cognate with ὄλλῡμῐ (óllūmi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ólethros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ὀλέθρου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ ὄλεθρος",
"roman": "ho ólethros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "tṑ oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ ὄλεθροι",
"roman": "hoi ólethroi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ ὀλέθρου",
"roman": "toû oléthrou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ὀλέθροιν",
"roman": "toîn oléthroin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν ὀλέθρων",
"roman": "tôn oléthrōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ ὀλέθρῳ",
"roman": "tôi oléthrōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν ὀλέθροιν",
"roman": "toîn oléthroin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς ὀλέθροις",
"roman": "toîs oléthrois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν ὄλεθρον",
"roman": "tòn ólethron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "tṑ oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς ὀλέθρους",
"roman": "toùs oléthrous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄλεθρε",
"roman": "ólethre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὀλέθρω",
"roman": "oléthrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄλεθροι",
"roman": "ólethroi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ὀλέθρου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "ὄλεθρος • (ólethros) m (genitive ὀλέθρου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ὄλεθρος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "then all the others, who had fled headlong destruction,\nwere at home, having escaped war and the sea",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.1–12",
"roman": "oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan;",
"text": "ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον,\nοἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·\nénth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, death, bane"
],
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"death",
"death"
],
[
"bane",
"bane"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But then she, subdued by Orthus, gave birth to the ruinous Sphinx, a plague to the Cadmeans, and the Nemean lion",
"ref": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 326–327",
"roman": "Hórthōi hupodmētheîsa Nemeiaîón te léonta",
"text": "ἣ δ’ ἄρα Φῖκ’ ὀλοὴν τέκε Καδμείοισιν ὄλεθρον\nὍρθῳ ὑποδμηθεῖσα Νεμειαῖόν τε λέοντα\nhḕ d’ ára Phîk’ oloḕn téke Kadmeíoisin ólethron"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing destruction: pest, plague"
],
"links": [
[
"causing",
"causing"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 325",
"roman": "Fly, fly, Nicodicé, ere Calycé and Crityllé perish in the fire, or are stifled in the smoke raised by these accursed old men and their pitiless laws.",
"text": "πέτου πέτου Νικοδίκη,\nπρὶν ἐμπεπρῆσθαι Καλύκην\nτε καὶ Κρίτυλλαν περιφυσήτω\nὑπό τε νόμων ἀργαλέων\nὑπό τε γερόντων ὀλέθρων.\npétou pétou Nikodíkē,\nprìn empeprêsthai Kalúkēn\nte kaì Krítullan periphusḗtō\nhupó te nómōn argaléōn\nhupó te geróntōn oléthrōn.\n1912 translation by The Athenian Society"
},
{
"english": "he is a pestilent Macedonian, from whose country it used not to be possible to buy even a slave of any value.",
"ref": "341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 31",
"text": "ἀλλ᾽ ὀλέθρου Μακεδόνος, ὅθεν οὐδ᾽ ἀνδράποδον σπουδαῖον οὐδὲν ἦν πρότερον πρίασθαι.\nall᾽ oléthrou Makedónos, hóthen oud᾽ andrápodon spoudaîon oudèn ên próteron príasthai.\nTranslation by Sir Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge (1873–1952)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing destruction: pest, plague",
"As a contemptuous name applied to a person."
],
"links": [
[
"causing",
"causing"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ó.le.tʰros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ó.le.tʰros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.tʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.le.θros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ὄλεθρος"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.