"ἄρτος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "barley bread",
      "roman": "mâza",
      "word": "μᾶζα"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "giver of bread",
      "roman": "artodótēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοδότης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one who begs for bread",
      "roman": "artozḗtēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοζήτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "pantry, bread-basket",
      "roman": "artothḗkē",
      "word": "ἀρτοθήκη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread-seller",
      "roman": "artokápēlos",
      "word": "ἀρτοκάπηλος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "morsel of bread",
      "roman": "artóklasma",
      "word": "ἀρτόκλασμα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bakery, boulangerie",
      "roman": "artokopeîon",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπεῖον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baking",
      "roman": "artokopía",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "belonging to a baker",
      "roman": "artokopikós",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπικός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "female baker",
      "roman": "artokópissa",
      "word": "ἀρτοκόπισσα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artokópos",
      "word": "ἀρτοκόπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread and meat",
      "roman": "artókreas",
      "word": "ἀρτόκρεας"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "a type of savoury cake",
      "roman": "artoláganon",
      "word": "ἀρτολάγανον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "with bread and wine",
      "roman": "artolágunos",
      "word": "ἀρτολάγυνος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "poultice of bread and honey",
      "roman": "artómeli",
      "word": "ἀρτόμελι"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread platter",
      "roman": "artopínax",
      "word": "ἀρτοπίναξ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to bake, make into bread",
      "roman": "artopoiéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "a baking",
      "roman": "artopoiḯa",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιΐα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "of or for baking",
      "roman": "artopoiïkós",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιϊκός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread-maker",
      "roman": "artopoiós",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one who bakes loaves; epithet",
      "roman": "artóponos",
      "word": "ἀρτόπονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to be a baker",
      "roman": "artopopéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοποπέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artopópos",
      "word": "ἀρτοπόπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "dealer in bread",
      "roman": "artoprátēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοπράτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "place or vessel for baking",
      "roman": "artopteîon",
      "word": "ἀρτοπτεῖον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "pan for baking bread",
      "roman": "artóptēs",
      "word": "ἀρτόπτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baked in a pan",
      "roman": "artoptíkios",
      "word": "ἀρτοπτίκιος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to deal in bread",
      "roman": "artopōléō",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baker, bread-seller",
      "roman": "artopṓlēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοπώλης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "dealing in bread",
      "roman": "artopōlía",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "a tax on bakeries",
      "roman": "artopōlikón",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλικόν"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baker's shop, bakery",
      "roman": "artopṓlion",
      "word": "ἀρτοπώλιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread-woman, female baker",
      "roman": "artópōlis",
      "word": "ἀρτόπωλις"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to eat wheaten bread",
      "roman": "artositéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοσιτέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "feeding on bread",
      "roman": "artositía",
      "word": "ἀρτοσιτία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "fee for weighing bread",
      "roman": "artostásion",
      "word": "ἀρτοστάσιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to turn bread (as in baking)",
      "roman": "artostrophéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοστροφέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread and cheese",
      "roman": "artóturos",
      "word": "ἀρτότυρος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artourgós",
      "word": "ἀρτουργός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to eat bread",
      "roman": "artophagéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοφαγέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread-eater; a rodent",
      "roman": "artophágos",
      "word": "ἀρτοφάγος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "cake of bread and dates",
      "roman": "artophoînix",
      "word": "ἀρτοφοῖνιξ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bread-basket; festival",
      "roman": "artophórion",
      "word": "ἀρτοφόριον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "holding bread",
      "roman": "artophóros",
      "word": "ἀρτοφόρος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "a type of cake",
      "roman": "artókharis",
      "word": "ἀρτόχαρις"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "άρτος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: άρτος (ártos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: άρτος (ártos)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "arto",
        "t": "id"
      },
      "expansion": "Basque arto (“id”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osp",
        "2": "artal",
        "t": "a type of empanada"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Spanish artal (“a type of empanada”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*arta-",
        "t": "flour"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *arta- (“flour”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آرد",
        "t": "id",
        "tr": "ârd"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آرد (ârd, “id”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin, though likely borrowed from a substrate. Compare Basque arto (“id”), Old Spanish artal (“a type of empanada”). Pisani's derivation as a borrowing from Proto-Iranian *arta- (“flour”), and thus connection to Persian آرد (ârd, “id”), is less likely, as the Greek word was already attested in Mycenean and is unable to be formally derived from the same Indo-European root that the Iranian stems from.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ắrtos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ ᾰ̓́ρτος",
      "roman": "ho ắrtos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "tṑ ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ ᾰ̓́ρτοι",
      "roman": "hoi ắrtoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρτου",
      "roman": "toû ắrtou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn ắrtoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ᾰ̓́ρτων",
      "roman": "tôn ắrtōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ ᾰ̓́ρτῳ",
      "roman": "tôi ắrtōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn ắrtoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρτοις",
      "roman": "toîs ắrtois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν ᾰ̓́ρτον",
      "roman": "tòn ắrton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "tṑ ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρτους",
      "roman": "toùs ắrtous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτε",
      "roman": "ắrte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτοι",
      "roman": "ắrtoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ᾰ̓́ρτου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "ᾰ̓́ρτος"
      },
      "expansion": "ᾰ̓́ρτος • (ắrtos) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρτου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ᾰ̓́ρτος",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "psōmíon",
      "word": "ψωμίον"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.343–344",
          "text": "ἄρτον τ᾽ οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο\nκαὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι·\nárton t’ oûlon helṑn perikalléos ek kanéoio\nkaì kréas, hṓs hoi kheîres ekhándanon amphibalónti;\nhaving taken a whole loaf of bread out of a very beatiful basket,\nand meat, as much as his hands could hold in their grasp:"
        },
        {
          "english": "placed two loaves of bread before [him], having taken [them] out of a basket.",
          "ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.119–120",
          "roman": "And Amphinomus",
          "text": "Ἀμφίνομος δὲ\nἄρτους ἐκ κανέοιο δύω παρέθηκεν ἀείρας\nAmphínomos dè\nártous ek kanéoio dúō paréthēken aeíras"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a cake or loaf of wheat bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἄρτος-grc-noun-uD6Hl7RH",
      "links": [
        [
          "cake",
          "cake"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ],
        [
          "wheat bread",
          "wheat bread"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἄρτος-grc-noun-mFYEwrYC",
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collectively) bread"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ár.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ár.tos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἄρτος"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "barley bread",
      "roman": "mâza",
      "word": "μᾶζα"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
    "Ancient Greek terms borrowed from substrate languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "giver of bread",
      "roman": "artodótēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοδότης"
    },
    {
      "english": "one who begs for bread",
      "roman": "artozḗtēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοζήτης"
    },
    {
      "english": "pantry, bread-basket",
      "roman": "artothḗkē",
      "word": "ἀρτοθήκη"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread-seller",
      "roman": "artokápēlos",
      "word": "ἀρτοκάπηλος"
    },
    {
      "english": "morsel of bread",
      "roman": "artóklasma",
      "word": "ἀρτόκλασμα"
    },
    {
      "english": "bakery, boulangerie",
      "roman": "artokopeîon",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπεῖον"
    },
    {
      "english": "baking",
      "roman": "artokopía",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπία"
    },
    {
      "english": "belonging to a baker",
      "roman": "artokopikós",
      "word": "ἀρτοκοπικός"
    },
    {
      "english": "female baker",
      "roman": "artokópissa",
      "word": "ἀρτοκόπισσα"
    },
    {
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artokópos",
      "word": "ἀρτοκόπος"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread and meat",
      "roman": "artókreas",
      "word": "ἀρτόκρεας"
    },
    {
      "english": "a type of savoury cake",
      "roman": "artoláganon",
      "word": "ἀρτολάγανον"
    },
    {
      "english": "with bread and wine",
      "roman": "artolágunos",
      "word": "ἀρτολάγυνος"
    },
    {
      "english": "poultice of bread and honey",
      "roman": "artómeli",
      "word": "ἀρτόμελι"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread platter",
      "roman": "artopínax",
      "word": "ἀρτοπίναξ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to bake, make into bread",
      "roman": "artopoiéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "a baking",
      "roman": "artopoiḯa",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιΐα"
    },
    {
      "english": "of or for baking",
      "roman": "artopoiïkós",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιϊκός"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread-maker",
      "roman": "artopoiós",
      "word": "ἀρτοποιός"
    },
    {
      "english": "one who bakes loaves; epithet",
      "roman": "artóponos",
      "word": "ἀρτόπονος"
    },
    {
      "english": "to be a baker",
      "roman": "artopopéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοποπέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artopópos",
      "word": "ἀρτοπόπος"
    },
    {
      "english": "dealer in bread",
      "roman": "artoprátēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοπράτης"
    },
    {
      "english": "place or vessel for baking",
      "roman": "artopteîon",
      "word": "ἀρτοπτεῖον"
    },
    {
      "english": "pan for baking bread",
      "roman": "artóptēs",
      "word": "ἀρτόπτης"
    },
    {
      "english": "baked in a pan",
      "roman": "artoptíkios",
      "word": "ἀρτοπτίκιος"
    },
    {
      "english": "to deal in bread",
      "roman": "artopōléō",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "baker, bread-seller",
      "roman": "artopṓlēs",
      "word": "ἀρτοπώλης"
    },
    {
      "english": "dealing in bread",
      "roman": "artopōlía",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλία"
    },
    {
      "english": "a tax on bakeries",
      "roman": "artopōlikón",
      "word": "ἀρτοπωλικόν"
    },
    {
      "english": "baker's shop, bakery",
      "roman": "artopṓlion",
      "word": "ἀρτοπώλιον"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread-woman, female baker",
      "roman": "artópōlis",
      "word": "ἀρτόπωλις"
    },
    {
      "english": "to eat wheaten bread",
      "roman": "artositéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοσιτέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "feeding on bread",
      "roman": "artositía",
      "word": "ἀρτοσιτία"
    },
    {
      "english": "fee for weighing bread",
      "roman": "artostásion",
      "word": "ἀρτοστάσιον"
    },
    {
      "english": "to turn bread (as in baking)",
      "roman": "artostrophéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοστροφέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread and cheese",
      "roman": "artóturos",
      "word": "ἀρτότυρος"
    },
    {
      "english": "baker",
      "roman": "artourgós",
      "word": "ἀρτουργός"
    },
    {
      "english": "to eat bread",
      "roman": "artophagéō",
      "word": "ἀρτοφαγέω"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread-eater; a rodent",
      "roman": "artophágos",
      "word": "ἀρτοφάγος"
    },
    {
      "english": "cake of bread and dates",
      "roman": "artophoînix",
      "word": "ἀρτοφοῖνιξ"
    },
    {
      "english": "bread-basket; festival",
      "roman": "artophórion",
      "word": "ἀρτοφόριον"
    },
    {
      "english": "holding bread",
      "roman": "artophóros",
      "word": "ἀρτοφόρος"
    },
    {
      "english": "a type of cake",
      "roman": "artókharis",
      "word": "ἀρτόχαρις"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "άρτος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: άρτος (ártos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: άρτος (ártos)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eu",
        "2": "arto",
        "t": "id"
      },
      "expansion": "Basque arto (“id”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osp",
        "2": "artal",
        "t": "a type of empanada"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Spanish artal (“a type of empanada”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*arta-",
        "t": "flour"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *arta- (“flour”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آرد",
        "t": "id",
        "tr": "ârd"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آرد (ârd, “id”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin, though likely borrowed from a substrate. Compare Basque arto (“id”), Old Spanish artal (“a type of empanada”). Pisani's derivation as a borrowing from Proto-Iranian *arta- (“flour”), and thus connection to Persian آرد (ârd, “id”), is less likely, as the Greek word was already attested in Mycenean and is unable to be formally derived from the same Indo-European root that the Iranian stems from.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ắrtos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ ᾰ̓́ρτος",
      "roman": "ho ắrtos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "tṑ ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ ᾰ̓́ρτοι",
      "roman": "hoi ắrtoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρτου",
      "roman": "toû ắrtou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn ắrtoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ᾰ̓́ρτων",
      "roman": "tôn ắrtōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ ᾰ̓́ρτῳ",
      "roman": "tôi ắrtōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn ắrtoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρτοις",
      "roman": "toîs ắrtois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν ᾰ̓́ρτον",
      "roman": "tòn ắrton",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "tṑ ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρτους",
      "roman": "toùs ắrtous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτε",
      "roman": "ắrte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτω",
      "roman": "ắrtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᾰ̓́ρτοι",
      "roman": "ắrtoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ᾰ̓́ρτου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "ᾰ̓́ρτος"
      },
      "expansion": "ᾰ̓́ρτος • (ắrtos) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρτου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ᾰ̓́ρτος",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "psōmíon",
      "word": "ψωμίον"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.343–344",
          "text": "ἄρτον τ᾽ οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο\nκαὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι·\nárton t’ oûlon helṑn perikalléos ek kanéoio\nkaì kréas, hṓs hoi kheîres ekhándanon amphibalónti;\nhaving taken a whole loaf of bread out of a very beatiful basket,\nand meat, as much as his hands could hold in their grasp:"
        },
        {
          "english": "placed two loaves of bread before [him], having taken [them] out of a basket.",
          "ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.119–120",
          "roman": "And Amphinomus",
          "text": "Ἀμφίνομος δὲ\nἄρτους ἐκ κανέοιο δύω παρέθηκεν ἀείρας\nAmphínomos dè\nártous ek kanéoio dúō paréthēken aeíras"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a cake or loaf of wheat bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cake",
          "cake"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ],
        [
          "wheat bread",
          "wheat bread"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek collective nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collectively) bread"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ár.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ár.tos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈar.tos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἄρτος"
}