"ἀσκός" meaning in Ancient Greek

See ἀσκός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /as.kós/, /asˈkos/, /asˈkos/, /as.kós/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /asˈkos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /asˈkos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /asˈkos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /asˈkos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Unknown. The variant points to foreign or Pre-Greek origin. Not related to φάσκωλος (pháskōlos) as per Furnée. Perhaps related to ἀσκέω (askéō, “to process and work (raw materials, art, etc.)”); see there for more. Etymology templates: {{unk|grc}} Unknown, {{der|grc|qsb-grc}} Pre-Greek Head templates: {{grc-noun|ἀσκοῦ|m|second}} ἀσκός • (askós) m (genitive ἀσκοῦ); second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|ἀσκός|οῦ}} Forms: askós [romanization], ἀσκοῦ [genitive], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], ὁ ἀσκός [nominative, singular], ἀσκώ [dual, nominative], οἱ ἀσκοί [nominative, plural], τοῦ ἀσκοῦ [genitive, singular], ἀσκοῖν [dual, genitive], ἀσκῶν [genitive, plural], τῷ ἀσκῷ [dative, singular], ἀσκοῖν [dative, dual], τοῖς ἀσκοῖς [dative, plural], τὸν ἀσκόν [accusative, singular], ἀσκώ [accusative, dual], τοὺς ἀσκούς [accusative, plural], ἀσκέ [singular, vocative], ἀσκώ [dual, vocative], ἀσκοί [plural, vocative], ἀκκόρ [alternative]
  1. skin, hide made into a bag
    Sense id: en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-VEwb9M8P Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Bags, Musical instruments Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 51 7 14 20 7 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 27 12 23 27 12 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 26 11 22 28 11 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 80 2 7 9 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 82 2 6 8 2 Disambiguation of Bags: 48 5 19 23 5 Disambiguation of Musical instruments: 74 4 8 10 4
  2. wineskin
    Sense id: en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-d772a1mu Categories (other): Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 27 12 23 27 12 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 26 11 22 28 11
  3. paunch, belly
    Sense id: en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-jmmXANux Categories (other): Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 27 12 23 27 12 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 26 11 22 28 11
  4. bellows
    Sense id: en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-cdSkyZ6J Categories (other): Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 27 12 23 27 12 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 26 11 22 28 11
  5. bagpipes
    Sense id: en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-Xyr8Vjn1 Categories (other): Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 27 12 23 27 12 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 26 11 22 28 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ἀσκίδιον (askídion), ἀσκίον (askíon), ἀσκίτης (askítēs), ἀσκοθύλακος (askothúlakos), ἀσκοπήρα (askopḗra), ἀσκοπυτίνη (askoputínē), ἄσκωμα (áskōma)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askídion",
      "word": "ἀσκίδιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askíon",
      "word": "ἀσκίον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askítēs",
      "word": "ἀσκίτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askothúlakos",
      "word": "ἀσκοθύλακος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askopḗra",
      "word": "ἀσκοπήρα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "askoputínē",
      "word": "ἀσκοπυτίνη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "áskōma",
      "word": "ἄσκωμα"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "askos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: askos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: askos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "ασκός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: ασκός (askós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: ασκός (askós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "NL.",
            "2": "ascus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ New Latin: ascus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ New Latin: ascus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "ascus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: ascus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: ascus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. The variant points to foreign or Pre-Greek origin. Not related to φάσκωλος (pháskōlos) as per Furnée. Perhaps related to ἀσκέω (askéō, “to process and work (raw materials, art, etc.)”); see there for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "askós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ ἀσκός",
      "roman": "ho askós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ ἀσκοί",
      "roman": "hoi askoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ ἀσκοῦ",
      "roman": "toû askoû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῖν",
      "roman": "askoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκῶν",
      "roman": "askôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ ἀσκῷ",
      "roman": "tôi askôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῖν",
      "roman": "askoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς ἀσκοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs askoîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν ἀσκόν",
      "roman": "tòn askón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς ἀσκούς",
      "roman": "toùs askoús",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκέ",
      "roman": "aské",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοί",
      "roman": "askoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκκόρ",
      "roman": "akkór",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσκοῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀσκός • (askós) m (genitive ἀσκοῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσκός",
        "2": "οῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 7 14 20 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 12 23 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 11 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 2 7 9 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 2 6 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 5 19 23 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Bags",
          "orig": "grc:Bags",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 4 8 10 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Musical instruments",
          "orig": "grc:Musical instruments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skin, hide made into a bag"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-VEwb9M8P",
      "links": [
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "hide",
          "hide"
        ],
        [
          "bag",
          "bag"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 12 23 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 11 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wineskin"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-d772a1mu",
      "links": [
        [
          "wineskin",
          "wineskin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 12 23 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 11 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "paunch, belly"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-jmmXANux",
      "links": [
        [
          "paunch",
          "paunch"
        ],
        [
          "belly",
          "belly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 12 23 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 11 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bellows"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-cdSkyZ6J",
      "links": [
        [
          "bellows",
          "bellows"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 12 23 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 11 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bagpipes"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀσκός-grc-noun-Xyr8Vjn1",
      "links": [
        [
          "bagpipes",
          "bagpipes"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/as.kós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/as.kós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἀσκός"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Bags",
    "grc:Musical instruments"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "askídion",
      "word": "ἀσκίδιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "askíon",
      "word": "ἀσκίον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "askítēs",
      "word": "ἀσκίτης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "askothúlakos",
      "word": "ἀσκοθύλακος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "askopḗra",
      "word": "ἀσκοπήρα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "askoputínē",
      "word": "ἀσκοπυτίνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áskōma",
      "word": "ἄσκωμα"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "askos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: askos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: askos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "ασκός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: ασκός (askós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: ασκός (askós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "NL.",
            "2": "ascus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ New Latin: ascus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ New Latin: ascus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "ascus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: ascus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: ascus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. The variant points to foreign or Pre-Greek origin. Not related to φάσκωλος (pháskōlos) as per Furnée. Perhaps related to ἀσκέω (askéō, “to process and work (raw materials, art, etc.)”); see there for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "askós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ ἀσκός",
      "roman": "ho askós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ ἀσκοί",
      "roman": "hoi askoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ ἀσκοῦ",
      "roman": "toû askoû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῖν",
      "roman": "askoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκῶν",
      "roman": "askôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ ἀσκῷ",
      "roman": "tôi askôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοῖν",
      "roman": "askoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς ἀσκοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs askoîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν ἀσκόν",
      "roman": "tòn askón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς ἀσκούς",
      "roman": "toùs askoús",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκέ",
      "roman": "aské",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκώ",
      "roman": "askṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσκοί",
      "roman": "askoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκκόρ",
      "roman": "akkór",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσκοῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀσκός • (askós) m (genitive ἀσκοῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσκός",
        "2": "οῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "skin, hide made into a bag"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "hide",
          "hide"
        ],
        [
          "bag",
          "bag"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wineskin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wineskin",
          "wineskin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "paunch, belly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "paunch",
          "paunch"
        ],
        [
          "belly",
          "belly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bellows"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bellows",
          "bellows"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bagpipes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bagpipes",
          "bagpipes"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/as.kós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/as.kós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/asˈkos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἀσκός"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ἀσκός meaning in Ancient Greek (5.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.