"ἀκτίς" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अक्तु",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam, ray",
        "tr": "aktú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “beam, ray”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂ekt-",
        "5": "beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekt- (“beam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp point"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp point”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*n̥kʷt-ín-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥kʷt-ín-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (uhtwō, “dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an uncertain source apparently shared with Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “beam, ray”), perhaps:\n* Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekt- (“beam”), from an unidentified root;\n* Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp point”), which would exclude the Sanskrit;\n* Proto-Indo-European *n̥kʷt-ín-, *n̥kʷt-ú-, from *nokʷt- (“night”), with an obscure semantic development, perhaps “end of the night” which shifted to “dawn”, as paralleled by Gothic 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (uhtwō, “dawn”), and then “first light of dawn; ray of (dawn sun)light”. This is evidenced by the night-related meanings in the Sanskrit cognate. However, Beekes rejects this etymology due to the lack of evidence for a labiovelar.\nThe suffix is unexplained in any case.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aktī́s",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "roman": "hē aktī́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "tṑ aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ἀκτῖνες",
      "roman": "hai aktînes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ἀκτῖνος",
      "roman": "tês aktînos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀκτῑ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aktī́noin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ἀκτῑ́νων",
      "roman": "tôn aktī́nōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ἀκτῖνῐ",
      "roman": "têi aktîni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀκτῑ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aktī́noin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ἀκτῖσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs aktîsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs aktîsin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἀκτῖνᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn aktîna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "tṑ aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ἀκτῖνᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s aktînas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "roman": "aktī́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνες",
      "roman": "aktînes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀκτῖνος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "ἀκτῑ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀκτῑ́ς • (aktī́s) f (genitive ἀκτῖνος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
        "2": "ἀκτῖνος",
        "form": "F-full"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 46 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ray, beam"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀκτίς-grc-noun-RyqET2kp",
      "links": [
        [
          "ray",
          "ray"
        ],
        [
          "beam",
          "beam"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 51 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 51 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 46 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 40 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brightness, splendor"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀκτίς-grc-noun-Q69pEIS7",
      "links": [
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ],
        [
          "splendor",
          "splendor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) brightness, splendor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 46 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spoke (of a wheel)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἀκτίς-grc-noun-2fiDMeUv",
      "links": [
        [
          "spoke",
          "spoke"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aːk.tǐːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːk.tǐːs/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "aktī́n",
      "word": "ἀκτῑ́ν"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἀκτίς"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अक्तु",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam, ray",
        "tr": "aktú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “beam, ray”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂ekt-",
        "5": "beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekt- (“beam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp point"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp point”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*n̥kʷt-ín-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥kʷt-ín-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (uhtwō, “dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an uncertain source apparently shared with Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “beam, ray”), perhaps:\n* Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekt- (“beam”), from an unidentified root;\n* Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp point”), which would exclude the Sanskrit;\n* Proto-Indo-European *n̥kʷt-ín-, *n̥kʷt-ú-, from *nokʷt- (“night”), with an obscure semantic development, perhaps “end of the night” which shifted to “dawn”, as paralleled by Gothic 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (uhtwō, “dawn”), and then “first light of dawn; ray of (dawn sun)light”. This is evidenced by the night-related meanings in the Sanskrit cognate. However, Beekes rejects this etymology due to the lack of evidence for a labiovelar.\nThe suffix is unexplained in any case.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aktī́s",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "roman": "hē aktī́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "tṑ aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ἀκτῖνες",
      "roman": "hai aktînes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ἀκτῖνος",
      "roman": "tês aktînos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀκτῑ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aktī́noin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ἀκτῑ́νων",
      "roman": "tôn aktī́nōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ἀκτῖνῐ",
      "roman": "têi aktîni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀκτῑ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aktī́noin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ἀκτῖσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs aktîsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs aktîsin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἀκτῖνᾰ",
      "roman": "tḕn aktîna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "tṑ aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ἀκτῖνᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s aktînas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
      "roman": "aktī́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνε",
      "roman": "aktîne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀκτῖνες",
      "roman": "aktînes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀκτῖνος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "ἀκτῑ́ς"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀκτῑ́ς • (aktī́s) f (genitive ἀκτῖνος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀκτῑ́ς",
        "2": "ἀκτῖνος",
        "form": "F-full"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ray, beam"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ray",
          "ray"
        ],
        [
          "beam",
          "beam"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "brightness, splendor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ],
        [
          "splendor",
          "splendor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) brightness, splendor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spoke (of a wheel)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spoke",
          "spoke"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aːk.tǐːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːk.tǐːs/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/akˈtis/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "aktī́n",
      "word": "ἀκτῑ́ν"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἀκτίς"
}