"σφῦρα" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphū́raina",
      "word": "σφῡ́ραινᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūrēdón",
      "word": "σφῡρηδόν"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūrḗlatos",
      "word": "σφῡρήλατος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūrēlatéō",
      "word": "σφῡρηλᾰτέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūróbolos",
      "word": "σφῡρόβολος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūrókopos",
      "word": "σφῡρόκοπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūroktupéō",
      "word": "σφῡροκτῠπέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūropélekus",
      "word": "σφῡροπέλεκῠς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphū́rōsis",
      "word": "σφῡ́ρωσῐς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sphūríon",
      "word": "σφῡρῐ́ον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφυρί"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφυρί (sfyrí)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφυρί (sfyrí)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hammer, to make rapid movements"
      },
      "expansion": "σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, to make rapid movements”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφαῖρα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ball"
      },
      "expansion": "σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Julius Pokorny connects this word with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, to make rapid movements”). Frisk connects this word with σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball”), but this seems far-fetched, especially since the semantic connection is not evident. The etymology thus remains uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σφῦρᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sphûra",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ σφῦρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē sphûra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ σφῦραι",
      "roman": "hai sphûrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês sphū́rās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphū́rain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφῡρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphūrôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ σφῡ́ρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi sphū́rāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphū́rain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς σφῡ́ραις",
      "roman": "taîs sphū́rais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν σφῦρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn sphûran",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s sphū́rās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῦρᾰ",
      "roman": "sphûra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῦραι",
      "roman": "sphûrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφῦρᾰ",
        "2": "σφῡ́ρᾱς",
        "3": "f",
        "4": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "σφῦρᾰ • (sphûra) f (genitive σφῡ́ρᾱς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφῦρᾰ",
        "2": "ᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 45 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 17 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "grc:Tools",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 41 42",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "grc:Units of measure",
          "parents": [
            "Metrology",
            "Quantity",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hammer, beetle, mallet"
      ],
      "id": "en-σφῦρα-grc-noun-jx-eYh3B",
      "links": [
        [
          "hammer",
          "hammer"
        ],
        [
          "beetle",
          "beetle"
        ],
        [
          "mallet",
          "mallet"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "κέστρα"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 52 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 45 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 57 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 41 42",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "grc:Units of measure",
          "parents": [
            "Metrology",
            "Quantity",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "balk between the furrows of ploughed land"
      ],
      "id": "en-σφῦρα-grc-noun-0vnE-Za8",
      "links": [
        [
          "balk",
          "balk"
        ],
        [
          "furrow",
          "furrow"
        ],
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 45 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 41 42",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "grc:Units of measure",
          "parents": [
            "Metrology",
            "Quantity",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kind of land measure"
      ],
      "id": "en-σφῦρα-grc-noun-ryiWu9Ss",
      "links": [
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰŷː.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸy.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfi.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰŷː.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspʰy.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸy.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfy.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfi.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Julius Pokorny"
  ],
  "word": "σφῦρα"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek properispomenon terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "grc:Tools",
    "grc:Units of measure"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "sphū́raina",
      "word": "σφῡ́ραινᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūrēdón",
      "word": "σφῡρηδόν"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūrḗlatos",
      "word": "σφῡρήλατος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūrēlatéō",
      "word": "σφῡρηλᾰτέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūróbolos",
      "word": "σφῡρόβολος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūrókopos",
      "word": "σφῡρόκοπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūroktupéō",
      "word": "σφῡροκτῠπέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūropélekus",
      "word": "σφῡροπέλεκῠς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphū́rōsis",
      "word": "σφῡ́ρωσῐς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphūríon",
      "word": "σφῡρῐ́ον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφυρί"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφυρί (sfyrí)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφυρί (sfyrí)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hammer, to make rapid movements"
      },
      "expansion": "σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, to make rapid movements”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφαῖρα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ball"
      },
      "expansion": "σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Julius Pokorny connects this word with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, to make rapid movements”). Frisk connects this word with σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball”), but this seems far-fetched, especially since the semantic connection is not evident. The etymology thus remains uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σφῦρᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sphûra",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ σφῦρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē sphûra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ σφῦραι",
      "roman": "hai sphûrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês sphū́rās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphū́rain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφῡρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphūrôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ σφῡ́ρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi sphū́rāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphū́rain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς σφῡ́ραις",
      "roman": "taîs sphū́rais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν σφῦρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn sphûran",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς σφῡ́ρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s sphū́rās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῦρᾰ",
      "roman": "sphûra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῡ́ρᾱ",
      "roman": "sphū́rā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῦραι",
      "roman": "sphûrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφῦρᾰ",
        "2": "σφῡ́ρᾱς",
        "3": "f",
        "4": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "σφῦρᾰ • (sphûra) f (genitive σφῡ́ρᾱς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφῦρᾰ",
        "2": "ᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hammer, beetle, mallet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hammer",
          "hammer"
        ],
        [
          "beetle",
          "beetle"
        ],
        [
          "mallet",
          "mallet"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "κέστρα"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "balk between the furrows of ploughed land"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "balk",
          "balk"
        ],
        [
          "furrow",
          "furrow"
        ],
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "kind of land measure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰŷː.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸy.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfi.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰŷː.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspʰy.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸy.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfy.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfi.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Julius Pokorny"
  ],
  "word": "σφῦρα"
}