"κύβος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kubikós",
      "word": "κυβικός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κύβος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κύβος (kývos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: κύβος (kývos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cubus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: cubus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: cubus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "cube",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cube",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cube"
          },
          "expansion": "French: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "куб",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: куб (kub)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: куб (kub)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܘܒܘܣ",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cube",
            "tr": "qwbws",
            "ts": "qūbōs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܒܘܣ (qwbws /⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܒܘܣ (qwbws /⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "قوبوس",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cube",
            "ts": "qūbōs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: قوبوس (/⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: قوبوس (/⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubus",
        "t": "mass, quantity; cube"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubus (“mass, quantity; cube”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kewbh₂-",
        "t": "to lie down (actively)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewbh₂- (“to lie down (actively)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubō",
        "t": "to lie down (passively)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubō (“to lie down (passively)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hupiz",
        "t": "hip"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hupiz (“hip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubitus",
        "t": "elbow"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubitus (“elbow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀστράγαλος",
        "t": "astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos, “astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "xld",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lydian",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Difficult to trace. The word passed to and from a number of languages (compare Latin cubus (“mass, quantity; cube”)).\nOften thought to be derived from the root Proto-Indo-European *kewbh₂- (“to lie down (actively)”), reconstructed in LIV based on Latin cubō (“to lie down (passively)”) and some other verb forms. Compare Proto-Germanic *hupiz (“hip”) and Latin cubitus (“elbow”), and (formally unrelated) Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos, “astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)”) for the semantic connection between “vertebra, bone (of an animal)” and “die, dice”. Animal bones were historically used as playing dice.\nAccording to Beekes, words for dice are often loans and the Lydians claimed to have invented the game of κύβος (kúbos), suggesting a possible loan from Lydian.\nAppears to have no relation to Arabic كَعْبَة (kaʕba).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kúbos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κύβου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κῠ́βος",
      "roman": "ho kúbos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κῠ́βοι",
      "roman": "hoi kúboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κῠ́βου",
      "roman": "toû kúbou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῠ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kúboin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κῠ́βων",
      "roman": "tôn kúbōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κῠ́βῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kúbōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῠ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kúboin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κῠ́βοις",
      "roman": "toîs kúbois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κῠ́βον",
      "roman": "tòn kúbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κῠ́βους",
      "roman": "toùs kúbous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βε",
      "roman": "kúbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βοι",
      "roman": "kúboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κῦβος",
      "roman": "ho kûbos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κῦβοι",
      "roman": "hoi kûboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κῡ́βου",
      "roman": "toû kū́bou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῡ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kū́boin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κῡ́βων",
      "roman": "tôn kū́bōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κῡ́βῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kū́bōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῡ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kū́boin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κῡ́βοις",
      "roman": "toîs kū́bois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κῦβον",
      "roman": "tòn kûbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κῡ́βους",
      "roman": "toùs kū́bous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῦβε",
      "roman": "kûbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῦβοι",
      "roman": "kûboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κύβου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "κύβος • (kúbos) m (genitive κύβου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κῠ́βος",
        "2": "κῠ́βου",
        "form": "m"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κῦβος",
        "2": "κῡ́βου",
        "dial": "koi",
        "form": "m"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Geometry",
          "orig": "grc:Geometry",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 10 4 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "square"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-S6Po43Zf",
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "square",
          "square"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) square"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Geometry",
          "orig": "grc:Geometry",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 10 4 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cube"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-TzxBcqT-",
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "cube",
          "cube"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) cube"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Julius Caesar 32",
          "text": "τέλος δὲ μετὰ θυμοῦ τινος ὥσπερ ἀφεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λογισμοῦ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, καὶ τοῦτο δὴ τὸ κοινὸν τοῖς εἰς τύχας ἐμβαίνουσιν ἀπόρους καὶ τόλμας προοίμιον ὑπειπὼν, “Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος,” ὥρμησε πρὸς τὴν διάβασιν καὶ δρόμῳ τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη χρώμενος εἰσέπεσε πρὸ ἡμέρας εἰς τὸ Ἀρίμινον καὶ κατέσχε.\ntélos dè metà thumoû tinos hṓsper apheìs heautòn ek toû logismoû pròs tò méllon, kaì toûto dḕ tò koinòn toîs eis túkhas embaínousin apórous kaì tólmas prooímion hupeipṑn, “Anerrhíphthō kúbos,” hṓrmēse pròs tḕn diábasin kaì drómōi tò loipòn ḗdē khrṓmenos eisépese prò hēméras eis tò Aríminon kaì katéskhe.\n1919 translation by Bernadotte Perrin\nBut finally, with a sort of passion, as if abandoning calculation and casting himself upon the future, and uttering the phrase with which men usually prelude their plunge into desperate and daring fortunes, “Let the die be cast,” he hastened to cross the river; and going at full speed now for the rest of the time, before daybreak he dashed into Ariminum and took possession of it. [– See the die is cast.]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "die, dice"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-9glPI9lO",
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "dice",
          "dice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chance"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-bLCf5yo0",
      "links": [
        [
          "chance",
          "chance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "grc:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 10 4 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cube, cubic number"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-u~lHORKi",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "cube",
          "cube"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) cube, cubic number"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "grc:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Health",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 10 4 23 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 12 6 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 11 4 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vertebra; hollow above the hip of cattle"
      ],
      "id": "en-κύβος-grc-noun-thiSp1LA",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "vertebra",
          "vertebra"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) vertebra; hollow above the hip of cattle"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ký.bos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.βos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈci.vos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ký.bos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈky.bos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.βos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.vos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈci.vos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κύβος"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Lydian",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kubikós",
      "word": "κυβικός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κύβος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κύβος (kývos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: κύβος (kývos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cubus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: cubus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: cubus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "cube",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cube",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cube"
          },
          "expansion": "French: cube",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: cube"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "куб",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: куб (kub)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: куб (kub)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܘܒܘܣ",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cube",
            "tr": "qwbws",
            "ts": "qūbōs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܒܘܣ (qwbws /⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܒܘܣ (qwbws /⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "قوبوس",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cube",
            "ts": "qūbōs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: قوبوس (/⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: قوبوس (/⁠qūbōs⁠/, “cube”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubus",
        "t": "mass, quantity; cube"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubus (“mass, quantity; cube”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kewbh₂-",
        "t": "to lie down (actively)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewbh₂- (“to lie down (actively)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubō",
        "t": "to lie down (passively)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubō (“to lie down (passively)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hupiz",
        "t": "hip"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hupiz (“hip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cubitus",
        "t": "elbow"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubitus (“elbow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀστράγαλος",
        "t": "astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos, “astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "xld",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lydian",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Difficult to trace. The word passed to and from a number of languages (compare Latin cubus (“mass, quantity; cube”)).\nOften thought to be derived from the root Proto-Indo-European *kewbh₂- (“to lie down (actively)”), reconstructed in LIV based on Latin cubō (“to lie down (passively)”) and some other verb forms. Compare Proto-Germanic *hupiz (“hip”) and Latin cubitus (“elbow”), and (formally unrelated) Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos, “astragalus bone, knucklebone; dice (made from a knucklebone)”) for the semantic connection between “vertebra, bone (of an animal)” and “die, dice”. Animal bones were historically used as playing dice.\nAccording to Beekes, words for dice are often loans and the Lydians claimed to have invented the game of κύβος (kúbos), suggesting a possible loan from Lydian.\nAppears to have no relation to Arabic كَعْبَة (kaʕba).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kúbos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κύβου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κῠ́βος",
      "roman": "ho kúbos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κῠ́βοι",
      "roman": "hoi kúboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κῠ́βου",
      "roman": "toû kúbou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῠ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kúboin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κῠ́βων",
      "roman": "tôn kúbōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κῠ́βῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kúbōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῠ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kúboin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κῠ́βοις",
      "roman": "toîs kúbois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κῠ́βον",
      "roman": "tòn kúbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κῠ́βους",
      "roman": "toùs kúbous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βε",
      "roman": "kúbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βω",
      "roman": "kúbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῠ́βοι",
      "roman": "kúboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κῦβος",
      "roman": "ho kûbos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κῦβοι",
      "roman": "hoi kûboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κῡ́βου",
      "roman": "toû kū́bou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῡ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kū́boin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κῡ́βων",
      "roman": "tôn kū́bōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κῡ́βῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kū́bōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κῡ́βοιν",
      "roman": "toîn kū́boin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κῡ́βοις",
      "roman": "toîs kū́bois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κῦβον",
      "roman": "tòn kûbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "tṑ kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κῡ́βους",
      "roman": "toùs kū́bous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῦβε",
      "roman": "kûbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῡ́βω",
      "roman": "kū́bō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κῦβοι",
      "roman": "kûboi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κύβου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "κύβος • (kúbos) m (genitive κύβου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κῠ́βος",
        "2": "κῠ́βου",
        "form": "m"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κῦβος",
        "2": "κῡ́βου",
        "dial": "koi",
        "form": "m"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Geometry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "square"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "square",
          "square"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) square"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Geometry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cube"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "cube",
          "cube"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) cube"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Julius Caesar 32",
          "text": "τέλος δὲ μετὰ θυμοῦ τινος ὥσπερ ἀφεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λογισμοῦ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, καὶ τοῦτο δὴ τὸ κοινὸν τοῖς εἰς τύχας ἐμβαίνουσιν ἀπόρους καὶ τόλμας προοίμιον ὑπειπὼν, “Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος,” ὥρμησε πρὸς τὴν διάβασιν καὶ δρόμῳ τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη χρώμενος εἰσέπεσε πρὸ ἡμέρας εἰς τὸ Ἀρίμινον καὶ κατέσχε.\ntélos dè metà thumoû tinos hṓsper apheìs heautòn ek toû logismoû pròs tò méllon, kaì toûto dḕ tò koinòn toîs eis túkhas embaínousin apórous kaì tólmas prooímion hupeipṑn, “Anerrhíphthō kúbos,” hṓrmēse pròs tḕn diábasin kaì drómōi tò loipòn ḗdē khrṓmenos eisépese prò hēméras eis tò Aríminon kaì katéskhe.\n1919 translation by Bernadotte Perrin\nBut finally, with a sort of passion, as if abandoning calculation and casting himself upon the future, and uttering the phrase with which men usually prelude their plunge into desperate and daring fortunes, “Let the die be cast,” he hastened to cross the river; and going at full speed now for the rest of the time, before daybreak he dashed into Ariminum and took possession of it. [– See the die is cast.]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "die, dice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "dice",
          "dice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chance",
          "chance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cube, cubic number"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "cube",
          "cube"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) cube, cubic number"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vertebra; hollow above the hip of cattle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "vertebra",
          "vertebra"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) vertebra; hollow above the hip of cattle"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ký.bos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.βos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈci.vos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ký.bos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈky.bos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.βos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈcy.vos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈci.vos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κύβος"
}