"κερασός" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κεράσι"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κεράσι (kerási)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: كراس (kiras), كراز (kiraz), كیراز (kiraz), كرس (kires)\nTurkish: kiraz\n→ Armenian: քիրազ (kʻiraz)\n→ Crimean Tatar: kiraz\n→ Azerbaijani: gilas",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion)) Greek: κεράσι (kerási)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: كراس (kiras), كراز (kiraz), كیراز (kiraz), كرس (kires)\nTurkish: kiraz\n→ Armenian: քիրազ (kʻiraz)\n→ Crimean Tatar: kiraz\n→ Azerbaijani: gilas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "qershi",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Albanian: qershi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Albanian: qershi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "قَرَاسِيَا",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: قَرَاسِيَا (qarāsiyā), قَرَاصِيَا (qarāṣiyā); قَارَاسِيَا (qārāsiyā), جَرَاسِيَا (jarāsiyā), شَرَاسِيَا (šarāsiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: قَرَاسِيَا (qarāsiyā), قَرَاصِيَا (qarāṣiyā); قَارَاسِيَا (qārāsiyā), جَرَاسِيَا (jarāsiyā), شَرَاسِيَا (šarāsiyā) (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aramaic:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aramaic: (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tmr",
            "2": "קׅירְסֵי",
            "tr": "qirəsē"
          },
          "expansion": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קׅירְסֵי (qirəsē)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קׅירְסֵי (qirəsē)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܪܣܝܐ",
            "tr": "qerrassiyā"
          },
          "expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܩܪܣܝܐ (qerrassiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Classical Syriac: ܩܪܣܝܐ (qerrassiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: cerasus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: cerasus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasum",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: cerasum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: cerasum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasium",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: cerasium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(or from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: cerasium (or from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "ceresium",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: ceresium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: ceresium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "ceresia",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: ceresia",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: ceresia (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "կեռաս",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas), կերաս (keras)\nArmenian: կեռաս (keṙas)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas), կերաս (keras)\nArmenian: կեռաս (keṙas)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-ana",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anatolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒅗𒅈𒋗",
        "t": "a plant, likely a leek",
        "ts": "karšu"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒅗𒅈𒋗 (/⁠karšu⁠/, “a plant, likely a leek”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "akk",
        "3": "𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏",
        "t": "pear-tree",
        "ts": "kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru⁠/, “pear-tree”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܟܘܡܬܪܐ",
        "t": "pear",
        "tr": "kummaṯrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "كُمَّثْرَى",
        "t": "pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic كُمَّثْرَى (kummaṯrā, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Prunus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Prunus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Pyrus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Pyrus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إِجَّاص",
        "t": "pear; plum"
      },
      "expansion": "إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ, “pear; plum”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "տանձ",
        "t": "pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian տանձ (tanj, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ",
        "g": "f-p",
        "t": "mahaleb cherry",
        "tr": "tangāyāṯā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā, “mahaleb cherry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܟܘܡܬܪܐ",
        "tr": "kummaṯrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "phn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Phoenician",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lbe",
        "2": "ккурмуз",
        "t": "(wild) cherry plum"
      },
      "expansion": "Lak ккурмуз (k:urmuz, “(wild) cherry plum”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dar",
        "2": "гимиргьи",
        "t": "quince"
      },
      "expansion": "Dargwa гимиргьи (gimirhi, “quince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cau-nec-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V",
        "t": "some kind of fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V (“some kind of fruit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cau-nwc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ",
        "t": "some sort of plum or peach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Northwest Caucasian *mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ (“some sort of plum or peach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A loanword of uncertain origin, considering the intervocalic -σ- either Anatolian or Pre-Greek.\nComparison with Akkadian 𒅗𒅈𒋗 (/⁠karšu⁠/, “a plant, likely a leek”) is rejected by Rosół and Blažek.\nBlažek argues that the ultimate source of the word may well be Semitic, e. g. Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru⁠/, “pear-tree”) or Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā, “pear”), compare the Aramaic borrowing Arabic كُمَّثْرَى (kummaṯrā, “pear”), where it has to be known that Prunus and Pyrus species can be denoted by the same word, for example إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ, “pear; plum”) and Old Armenian տանձ (tanj, “pear”) with Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā, “mahaleb cherry”). He argues that assimilation *-mš- > *-š- is attested in several NW Semitic languages of the 2nd millennium BC, and hypothesizes that metathesis *k-(m)š-r- > *k-r-(m)š- might have happened either in an unidentified mediator language or a Semitic donor or (less probably so) in Greek itself. The change *t > š, necessary for the change of Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā) to the Greek word, is to be found in Phoenician and early Aramaic.\nThe scholar also notes that the related cultural term seems to be widespread in Caucasian languages; compare (not to list over a dozen lemmata) Lak ккурмуз (k:urmuz, “(wild) cherry plum”) and Dargwa гимиргьи (gimirhi, “quince”), reconstructed protoform Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V (“some kind of fruit”), and possibly Proto-Northwest Caucasian *mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ (“some sort of plum or peach”) with metathesis, attested in some Abkhaz compound words.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kerasós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσοῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κερᾰσός",
      "roman": "ho kerasós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "tṑ kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κερᾰσοί",
      "roman": "hoi kerasoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κερᾰσοῦ",
      "roman": "toû kerasoû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn kerasoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κερᾰσῶν",
      "roman": "tôn kerasôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κερᾰσῷ",
      "roman": "tôi kerasôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn kerasoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κερᾰσοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs kerasoîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κερᾰσόν",
      "roman": "tòn kerasón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "tṑ kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κερᾰσούς",
      "roman": "toùs kerasoús",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσέ",
      "roman": "kerasé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσοί",
      "roman": "kerasoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κερᾰσοῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "κερᾰσός"
      },
      "expansion": "κερᾰσός • (kerasós) m (genitive κερᾰσοῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κερᾰσός",
        "2": "κερᾰσοῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Stone fruits",
          "orig": "grc:Stone fruits",
          "parents": [
            "Fruits",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kerásion",
          "word": "κεράσιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kerasoûs",
          "word": "Κερασοῦς"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bird cherry, Prunus avium (tree)"
      ],
      "id": "en-κερασός-grc-noun-SG7J5wqa",
      "links": [
        [
          "bird cherry",
          "bird cherry"
        ],
        [
          "Prunus avium",
          "Prunus avium#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "kérasos",
          "word": "κέρᾰσος"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Bird cherry"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.ra.sós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.ra.sós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.raˈsos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κερασός"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kerásion",
      "word": "κεράσιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kerasoûs",
      "word": "Κερασοῦς"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κεράσι"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κεράσι (kerási)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: كراس (kiras), كراز (kiraz), كیراز (kiraz), كرس (kires)\nTurkish: kiraz\n→ Armenian: քիրազ (kʻiraz)\n→ Crimean Tatar: kiraz\n→ Azerbaijani: gilas",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion)) Greek: κεράσι (kerási)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: كراس (kiras), كراز (kiraz), كیراز (kiraz), كرس (kires)\nTurkish: kiraz\n→ Armenian: քիրազ (kʻiraz)\n→ Crimean Tatar: kiraz\n→ Azerbaijani: gilas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "qershi",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Albanian: qershi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Albanian: qershi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "قَرَاسِيَا",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: قَرَاسِيَا (qarāsiyā), قَرَاصِيَا (qarāṣiyā); قَارَاسِيَا (qārāsiyā), جَرَاسِيَا (jarāsiyā), شَرَاسِيَا (šarāsiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: قَرَاسِيَا (qarāsiyā), قَرَاصِيَا (qarāṣiyā); قَارَاسِيَا (qārāsiyā), جَرَاسِيَا (jarāsiyā), شَرَاسِيَا (šarāsiyā) (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aramaic:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aramaic: (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tmr",
            "2": "קׅירְסֵי",
            "tr": "qirəsē"
          },
          "expansion": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קׅירְסֵי (qirəsē)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קׅירְסֵי (qirəsē)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܪܣܝܐ",
            "tr": "qerrassiyā"
          },
          "expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܩܪܣܝܐ (qerrassiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Classical Syriac: ܩܪܣܝܐ (qerrassiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: cerasus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: cerasus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasum",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: cerasum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: cerasum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cerasium",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: cerasium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "κεράσιον"
          },
          "expansion": "κεράσιον (kerásion)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or from the Ancient Greek variant <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)"
          },
          "expansion": "(or from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: cerasium (or from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "ceresium",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: ceresium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: ceresium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "ceresia",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: ceresia",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: ceresia (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "կեռաս",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas), կերաս (keras)\nArmenian: կեռաս (keṙas)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas), կերաս (keras)\nArmenian: կեռաս (keṙas)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-ana",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anatolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒅗𒅈𒋗",
        "t": "a plant, likely a leek",
        "ts": "karšu"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒅗𒅈𒋗 (/⁠karšu⁠/, “a plant, likely a leek”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "akk",
        "3": "𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏",
        "t": "pear-tree",
        "ts": "kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru⁠/, “pear-tree”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܟܘܡܬܪܐ",
        "t": "pear",
        "tr": "kummaṯrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "كُمَّثْرَى",
        "t": "pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic كُمَّثْرَى (kummaṯrā, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Prunus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Prunus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Pyrus",
        "2": "genus"
      },
      "expansion": "Pyrus",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إِجَّاص",
        "t": "pear; plum"
      },
      "expansion": "إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ, “pear; plum”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "տանձ",
        "t": "pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian տանձ (tanj, “pear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ",
        "g": "f-p",
        "t": "mahaleb cherry",
        "tr": "tangāyāṯā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā, “mahaleb cherry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܟܘܡܬܪܐ",
        "tr": "kummaṯrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "phn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Phoenician",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lbe",
        "2": "ккурмуз",
        "t": "(wild) cherry plum"
      },
      "expansion": "Lak ккурмуз (k:urmuz, “(wild) cherry plum”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dar",
        "2": "гимиргьи",
        "t": "quince"
      },
      "expansion": "Dargwa гимиргьи (gimirhi, “quince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cau-nec-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V",
        "t": "some kind of fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V (“some kind of fruit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cau-nwc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ",
        "t": "some sort of plum or peach"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Northwest Caucasian *mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ (“some sort of plum or peach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A loanword of uncertain origin, considering the intervocalic -σ- either Anatolian or Pre-Greek.\nComparison with Akkadian 𒅗𒅈𒋗 (/⁠karšu⁠/, “a plant, likely a leek”) is rejected by Rosół and Blažek.\nBlažek argues that the ultimate source of the word may well be Semitic, e. g. Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru⁠/, “pear-tree”) or Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā, “pear”), compare the Aramaic borrowing Arabic كُمَّثْرَى (kummaṯrā, “pear”), where it has to be known that Prunus and Pyrus species can be denoted by the same word, for example إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ, “pear; plum”) and Old Armenian տանձ (tanj, “pear”) with Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā, “mahaleb cherry”). He argues that assimilation *-mš- > *-š- is attested in several NW Semitic languages of the 2nd millennium BC, and hypothesizes that metathesis *k-(m)š-r- > *k-r-(m)š- might have happened either in an unidentified mediator language or a Semitic donor or (less probably so) in Greek itself. The change *t > š, necessary for the change of Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā) to the Greek word, is to be found in Phoenician and early Aramaic.\nThe scholar also notes that the related cultural term seems to be widespread in Caucasian languages; compare (not to list over a dozen lemmata) Lak ккурмуз (k:urmuz, “(wild) cherry plum”) and Dargwa гимиргьи (gimirhi, “quince”), reconstructed protoform Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V (“some kind of fruit”), and possibly Proto-Northwest Caucasian *mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ (“some sort of plum or peach”) with metathesis, attested in some Abkhaz compound words.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kerasós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσοῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κερᾰσός",
      "roman": "ho kerasós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "tṑ kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κερᾰσοί",
      "roman": "hoi kerasoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κερᾰσοῦ",
      "roman": "toû kerasoû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn kerasoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κερᾰσῶν",
      "roman": "tôn kerasôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κερᾰσῷ",
      "roman": "tôi kerasôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn kerasoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κερᾰσοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs kerasoîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κερᾰσόν",
      "roman": "tòn kerasón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "tṑ kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κερᾰσούς",
      "roman": "toùs kerasoús",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσέ",
      "roman": "kerasé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσώ",
      "roman": "kerasṓ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κερᾰσοί",
      "roman": "kerasoí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κερᾰσοῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "κερᾰσός"
      },
      "expansion": "κερᾰσός • (kerasós) m (genitive κερᾰσοῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κερᾰσός",
        "2": "κερᾰσοῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Akkadian",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Anatolian languages",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
        "grc:Stone fruits"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bird cherry, Prunus avium (tree)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bird cherry",
          "bird cherry"
        ],
        [
          "Prunus avium",
          "Prunus avium#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Bird cherry"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.ra.sós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.ra.sós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ke.raˈsos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce.raˈsos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kérasos",
      "word": "κέρᾰσος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κερασός"
}