"καί" meaning in Ancient Greek

See καί in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /kǎi̯/, /cɛ/, /ce/, /kǎi̯/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kɛ/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /cɛ/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ce/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ce/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan) Forms: kaí [romanization]
Etymology: From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”). Etymology templates: {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*ḱm̥t-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, {{cog|hit|||along with|tr=kat-ti}} Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”) Head templates: {{head|grc|conjunction|cat2=|head=καί|head2=}} καί • (kaí), {{grc-conjunction}} καί • (kaí)
  1. and
    Sense id: en-καί-grc-conj-YgERG4Og
  2. even, also
    Sense id: en-καί-grc-conj-bSAPmX4p
  3. both ... and ... (when used in the construction καί ... καί ...)
    Sense id: en-καί-grc-conj-LriafxsX Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ϗ (english: ligature-cum-abbreviation), akin to &, κάς — Arcadocypriot (kás), καέ, κή (kaé, kḗ) [Boeotian] Derived forms: κᾱ̓κ (kāk, preposition), κᾷτᾰ (kâita) [conjunction]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kāk, preposition",
      "word": "κᾱ̓κ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kâita",
      "tags": [
        "conjunction"
      ],
      "word": "κᾷτᾰ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "και",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-ita",
            "2": "ce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italiot Greek: ce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italiot Greek: ce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "ки"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tsd",
            "2": "τσαι"
          },
          "expansion": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲕⲁⲓ"
          },
          "expansion": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "kaj",
            "bor": "yes",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱm̥t-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "along with",
        "tr": "kat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "καί",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "grc-conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "and"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-YgERG4Og",
      "links": [
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "even, also"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-bSAPmX4p",
      "links": [
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ],
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Along both land and sea",
          "roman": "kaì katà gên kaì katà thálattan",
          "text": "καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both ... and ... (when used in the construction καί ... καί ...)"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-LriafxsX",
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "ligature-cum-abbreviation",
      "word": "ϗ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "akin to &"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kás",
      "word": "κάς — Arcadocypriot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaé, kḗ",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "καέ, κή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καί"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek conjunctions",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kāk, preposition",
      "word": "κᾱ̓κ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kâita",
      "tags": [
        "conjunction"
      ],
      "word": "κᾷτᾰ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "και",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-ita",
            "2": "ce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italiot Greek: ce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italiot Greek: ce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "ки"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tsd",
            "2": "τσαι"
          },
          "expansion": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲕⲁⲓ"
          },
          "expansion": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "kaj",
            "bor": "yes",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱm̥t-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "along with",
        "tr": "kat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "καί",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "grc-conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "and"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "even, also"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ],
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Along both land and sea",
          "roman": "kaì katà gên kaì katà thálattan",
          "text": "καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both ... and ... (when used in the construction καί ... καί ...)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "ligature-cum-abbreviation",
      "word": "ϗ"
    },
    {
      "word": "akin to &"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kás",
      "word": "κάς — Arcadocypriot"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaé, kḗ",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "καέ, κή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καί"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.