καί in Ancient Greek

IPA: /kǎi̯/, /cɛ/, /ce/, /kǎi̯/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kɛ/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /cɛ/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ce/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ce/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan) Audio: Grc-καί.oga

[Classical-Attic] Forms: kaí [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”). Etymology templates: {{m|grc|κασίγνητος||brother}} κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”), {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*ḱm̥t-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm||with}} *ḱóm (“with”), {{cog|hit|||along with|tr=kat-ti}} Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”) Head templates: {{head|grc|conjunction|cat2=|head=καί|head2=}} καί • (kaí), {{grc-conjunction}} καί • (kaí)

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kâita",
      "tags": [
        "conjunction"
      ],
      "word": "κᾷτᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kāk, preposition",
      "word": "κᾱ̓κ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "και",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-ita",
            "2": "ce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italiot Greek: ce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italiot Greek: ce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "ки"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tsd",
            "2": "τσαι"
          },
          "expansion": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲕⲁⲓ"
          },
          "expansion": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "kaj",
            "bor": "yes",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κασίγνητος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "brother"
      },
      "expansion": "κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱm̥t-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱóm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱóm (“with”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "along with",
        "tr": "kat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "καί",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "grc-conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "and"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-YgERG4Og",
      "links": [
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "even, also"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-bSAPmX4p",
      "links": [
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ],
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Along both land and sea",
          "roman": "kaì katà gên kaì katà thálattan",
          "text": "καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both ... and ... (when used in the construction καί ... καί ...)"
      ],
      "id": "en-καί-grc-conj-LriafxsX",
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Grc-καί.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Attic"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Classical Attic)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "ligature-cum-abbreviation",
      "word": "ϗ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "akin to &"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kás",
      "word": "κάς — Arcadocypriot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaé, kḗ",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "καέ, κή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καί"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek conjunctions",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with audio links",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kâita",
      "tags": [
        "conjunction"
      ],
      "word": "κᾷτᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kāk, preposition",
      "word": "κᾱ̓κ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "και",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: και (kai, “and”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-ita",
            "2": "ce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italiot Greek: ce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italiot Greek: ce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "ки"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: ки (ki)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tsd",
            "2": "τσαι"
          },
          "expansion": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tsakonian: τσαι (tsai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲕⲁⲓ"
          },
          "expansion": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓ (kai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "kaj",
            "bor": "yes",
            "gloss": "and"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: kaj (“and”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κασίγνητος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "brother"
      },
      "expansion": "κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱm̥t-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱóm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱóm (“with”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "along with",
        "tr": "kat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaí",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "καί",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "καί • (kaí)",
      "name": "grc-conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "and"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "even, also"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ],
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Along both land and sea",
          "roman": "kaì katà gên kaì katà thálattan",
          "text": "καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both ... and ... (when used in the construction καί ... καί ...)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kǎi̯/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɛ/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/cɛ/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ce/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Grc-καί.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Grc-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF.oga",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Attic"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Classical Attic)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "ligature-cum-abbreviation",
      "word": "ϗ"
    },
    {
      "word": "akin to &"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kás",
      "word": "κάς — Arcadocypriot"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaé, kḗ",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "καέ, κή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καί"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"καί" meaning in Ancient Greek

Conjunction