"κάρυον" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "καρύδι"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "caryon"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: caryon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: caryon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Carya"
          },
          "expansion": "Translingual: Carya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Carya"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "id": "nut"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "carīna",
        "t": "ship's keel; shell of a nut"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin carīna (“ship's keel; shell of a nut”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "करक",
        "t": "water jar; coconut (shell)"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करक (karaka, “water jar; coconut (shell)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ker-",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱerh₂-",
        "t": "head"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "harns"
      },
      "expansion": "English harns",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hjarni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hjarni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cerebrum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cerebrum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سر",
        "tr": "sar"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سر (sar)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शिरस्"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nTraditionally compared with Latin carīna (“ship's keel; shell of a nut”) and Sanskrit करक (karaka, “water jar; coconut (shell)”). The Latin term is likely cognate, though whether via borrowing from Greek, a common third source, or via inheritance (traditionally taken as Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), whose existence has been doubted, including by Beekes) is uncertain, while the Sanskrit term is more dubious, particularly as the \"coconut shell\" meaning is listed as lexicographic, indicating that it may not have been the primary meaning.\nBased on the Hesychian variant ἄρυα (árua, “Heraclitean nut”) displaying a κ-/∅ interchange in the initial, Beekes takes the word as Pre-Greek.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”). Cognates include English harns, Old Norse hjarni, Latin cerebrum (all three meaning 'brain') and Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar) and Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras) (all three meaning 'head'). See as well κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) and κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā, “face”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kắrŭon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρῠ́ου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "tò kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "tṑ kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "tằ kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κᾰρῠ́ου",
      "roman": "toû kărŭ́ou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν",
      "roman": "toîn kărŭ́oin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κᾰρῠ́ων",
      "roman": "tôn kărŭ́ōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κᾰρῠ́ῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kărŭ́ōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν",
      "roman": "toîn kărŭ́oin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κᾰρῠ́οις",
      "roman": "toîs kărŭ́ois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "tò kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "tṑ kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "tằ kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰρῠ́ου",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "κᾰ́ρῠον"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰ́ρῠον • (kắrŭon) n (genitive κᾰρῠ́ου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kărū́dĭon",
          "word": "κᾰρῡ́δῐον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karúïnos",
          "word": "καρύϊνος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Pontikón káruon",
          "word": "Ποντικόν κάρυον"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nut (hard-shelled seed)"
      ],
      "id": "en-κάρυον-grc-noun-xyUzUdOJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ká.ry.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ri.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ká.ry.on/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ri.on/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάρυον"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kărū́dĭon",
      "word": "κᾰρῡ́δῐον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karúïnos",
      "word": "καρύϊνος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Pontikón káruon",
      "word": "Ποντικόν κάρυον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "καρύδι"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "caryon"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: caryon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: caryon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Carya"
          },
          "expansion": "Translingual: Carya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Carya"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "id": "nut"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "carīna",
        "t": "ship's keel; shell of a nut"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin carīna (“ship's keel; shell of a nut”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "करक",
        "t": "water jar; coconut (shell)"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करक (karaka, “water jar; coconut (shell)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ker-",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱerh₂-",
        "t": "head"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "harns"
      },
      "expansion": "English harns",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hjarni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hjarni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cerebrum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cerebrum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سر",
        "tr": "sar"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سر (sar)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शिरस्"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nTraditionally compared with Latin carīna (“ship's keel; shell of a nut”) and Sanskrit करक (karaka, “water jar; coconut (shell)”). The Latin term is likely cognate, though whether via borrowing from Greek, a common third source, or via inheritance (traditionally taken as Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), whose existence has been doubted, including by Beekes) is uncertain, while the Sanskrit term is more dubious, particularly as the \"coconut shell\" meaning is listed as lexicographic, indicating that it may not have been the primary meaning.\nBased on the Hesychian variant ἄρυα (árua, “Heraclitean nut”) displaying a κ-/∅ interchange in the initial, Beekes takes the word as Pre-Greek.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”). Cognates include English harns, Old Norse hjarni, Latin cerebrum (all three meaning 'brain') and Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar) and Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras) (all three meaning 'head'). See as well κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) and κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā, “face”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kắrŭon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρῠ́ου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "tò kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "tṑ kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "tằ kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κᾰρῠ́ου",
      "roman": "toû kărŭ́ou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν",
      "roman": "toîn kărŭ́oin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν κᾰρῠ́ων",
      "roman": "tôn kărŭ́ōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κᾰρῠ́ῳ",
      "roman": "tôi kărŭ́ōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν",
      "roman": "toîn kărŭ́oin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κᾰρῠ́οις",
      "roman": "toîs kărŭ́ois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "tò kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "tṑ kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "tằ kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
      "roman": "kắrŭon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρῠ́ω",
      "roman": "kărŭ́ō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρῠᾰ",
      "roman": "kắrŭă",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰρῠ́ου",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "second",
        "head": "κᾰ́ρῠον"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰ́ρῠον • (kắrŭon) n (genitive κᾰρῠ́ου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰ́ρῠον",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
        "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nut (hard-shelled seed)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ká.ry.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ri.on/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ká.ry.on/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ry.on/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈka.ri.on/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάρυον"
}