See διφθέρα in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "diphthérinos",
"word": "διφθέρινος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "diphthérion",
"word": "διφθέριον"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "διφθέρα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: διφθέρα (difthéra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: διφθέρα (difthéra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Etruscan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "littera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: littera",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: littera (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "letter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: letter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: letter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "diphtérie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: diphtérie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: diphtérie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "diphtheria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: diphtheria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: diphtheria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "დიფთერია",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: დიფთერია (dipteria)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: დიფთერია (dipteria)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دیفتری",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "difteri"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: دیفتری (difteri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: دیفتری (difteri)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܕܦܬܪܐ",
"gloss": "hide; account book",
"tr": "dptrʾ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܕܦܬܪܐ (dptrʾ, “hide; account book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܕܦܬܪܐ (dptrʾ, “hide; account book”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpa",
"2": "דפתר",
"3": "דפתרא",
"gloss2": "record book",
"tr": "dptr",
"tr2": "dptrʾ"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דפתר (dptr), דפתרא (dptrʾ, “record book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דפתר (dptr), דפתרא (dptrʾ, “record book”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דִּפְתָּר",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "diftar"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: דִּפְתָּר (diftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: דִּפְתָּר (diftar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register, account book",
"tr": "dptl",
"ts": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (dptl /daftar/, “register, account book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (dptl /daftar/, “register, account book”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دفتر",
"gloss": "account book; notebook; office",
"tr": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: دفتر (daftar, “account book; notebook; office”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: دفتر (daftar, “account book; notebook; office”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "দফতর",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: দফতর (dophtor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: দফতর (dophtor)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "dəftər",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: dəftər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: dəftər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "دپتر",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "daptar"
},
"expansion": "→ Baluchi: دپتر (daptar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Baluchi: دپتر (daptar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دەفتەر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Central Kurdish: دەفتەر (defter)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Arabic"
},
"expansion": "(or from Arabic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Central Kurdish: دەفتەر (defter) (or from Arabic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दफ़्तर"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: दफ़्तर (daftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: दफ़्तर (daftar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دفتر",
"tr": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: دفتر (daftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: دفتر (daftar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "девтр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kalmyk: девтр (devtr)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(via Turkic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Kalmyk: девтр (devtr) (via Turkic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "дәптер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: дәптер (däpter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: дәптер (däpter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "дептер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: дептер (depter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: дептер (depter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ (debtelin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ (debtelin)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "дэвтэр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: дэвтэр (devter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: дэвтэр (devter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "тептер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nogai: тептер (tepter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nogai: тептер (tepter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дефтерь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: дефтерь (defterĭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(via Turkic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: дефтерь (defterĭ) (via Turkic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "دفتر",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "defter"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دفتر (defter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دفتر (defter)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "defter"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: defter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: defter, (dialectal) tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тефте́р",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: тефте́р (teftér)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: тефте́р (teftér)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "defter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: defter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: defter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "defter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: defter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: defter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τεφτέρι",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: τεφτέρι (teftéri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: τεφτέρι (teftéri)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "tefter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladino: tefter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladino: tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тефтер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: тефтер (tefter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: тефтер (tefter)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "tefter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: tefter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dȅfter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: dȅfter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: dȅfter / де̏фтер, tȅfter / те̏фтер"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "དེབ་ཐེར",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: དེབ་ཐེར (deb ther)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: དེབ་ཐེར (deb ther)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "depder",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkmen: depder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkmen: depder"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "دەپتەر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: دەپتەر (depter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: دەپتەر (depter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "daftar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: daftar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: daftar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "دَفْتَر",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register; notebook"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; notebook”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; notebook”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "дәфтәр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: дәфтәр (dəftər)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: дәфтәр (dəftər) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "daftar",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register; list"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: daftar (“register; list”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: daftar (“register; list”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "დავთარი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: დავთარი (davtari)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: დავთარი (davtari) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "տաւթար",
"3": "դաւթար",
"4": "տֆթար",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: տաւթար (tawtʻar), դաւթար (dawtʻar), տֆթար (tftʻar)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: տաւթար (tawtʻar), դաւթար (dawtʻar), տֆթար (tftʻar) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դավթար"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դավթար (davtʻar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դավթար (davtʻar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gbz",
"2": "daptar",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "book"
},
"expansion": "→ Zoroastrian Dari: daptar (“book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zoroastrian Dari: daptar (“book”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "inh",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grk-pro>*dipʰtʰérā>",
"id": "hide"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*dipʰtʰérā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀇𐁇𐀨"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐁇𐀨 (di-pte-ra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡",
"ts": "dipi"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒁾",
"3": "",
"4": "tablet, document, letter",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "ṭuppu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒁾 (ṭuppu, “tablet, document, letter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "𒁾",
"3": "",
"4": "tablet",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "𒁾𒊬",
"3": "",
"4": "writer, scribe",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "dub-sar"
},
"expansion": "Sumerian 𒁾𒊬 (dub-sar, “writer, scribe”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain, possibly from Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā. Related to διψάρα (dipsára, “writing-tablet; piece of leather”) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐁇𐀨 (di-pte-ra).\nSince de Saussure, connected with δέφω (déphō) or δέψω (dépsō, “to soften (with the hand)”). Beekes argues that this connection and the alternation between φ (ph) and ψ (ps) point to a Pre-Greek origin.\nCompare also Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi/), Akkadian 𒁾 (ṭuppu, “tablet, document, letter”) and Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”), Sumerian 𒁾𒊬 (dub-sar, “writer, scribe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "diphthérā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "hē diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ διφθέραι",
"roman": "hai diphthérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς διφθέρᾱς",
"roman": "tês diphthérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν διφθέραιν",
"roman": "toîn diphthérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν διφθερῶν",
"roman": "tôn diphtherôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ διφθέρᾳ",
"roman": "têi diphthérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν διφθέραιν",
"roman": "toîn diphthérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς διφθέραις",
"roman": "taîs diphthérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν διφθέρᾱν",
"roman": "tḕn diphthérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς διφθέρᾱς",
"roman": "tā̀s diphthérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέραι",
"roman": "diphthérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "διφθέρᾱς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "διφθέρᾱ"
},
"expansion": "διφθέρᾱ • (diphthérā) f (genitive διφθέρᾱς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "διφθέρᾱ",
"2": "ᾱς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "60-30 BC, Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, book 2, chapter 32:\nτῶν βασιλικῶν διφθερῶν\ntôn basilikôn diphtherôn\nof the [Persian] Royal Archives",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prepared hide, piece of leather; especially as writing material"
],
"id": "en-διφθέρα-grc-noun-qYSTg2cr",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 49 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 49 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"wallet, bag"
],
"id": "en-διφθέρα-grc-noun-y4eFL~Js",
"links": [
[
"wallet",
"wallet"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 49 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 49 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "4th century BC, Xenophon, Anabasis, book 1, chapter 5 (Greek, English):\nδιφθέρας ἃς εἶχον στεγάσματα ἐπίμπλασαν χόρτου κούφου, εἶτα συνῆγον καὶ συνέσπων, ὡς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι τῆς κάρφης τὸ ὕδωρ\ndiphthéras hàs eîkhon stegásmata epímplasan khórtou koúphou, eîta sunêgon kaì sunéspōn, hōs mḕ háptesthai tês kárphēs tò húdōr\nthey took skins which they had for tent covers, filled them with hay, and then brought the edges together and sewed them up, so that the water could not touch the hay.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"skins used as tents"
],
"id": "en-διφθέρα-grc-noun-9SL2arU5",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"(in the plural) skins used as tents"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dipʰ.tʰé.raː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðiɸˈθe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dipʰ.tʰé.raː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/dipʰˈtʰe.ra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðiɸˈθe.ra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "διφθέρα"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "diphthérinos",
"word": "διφθέρινος"
},
{
"roman": "diphthérion",
"word": "διφθέριον"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "διφθέρα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: διφθέρα (difthéra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: διφθέρα (difthéra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Etruscan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "littera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: littera",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: littera (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "letter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: letter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: letter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "diphtérie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: diphtérie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: diphtérie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "diphtheria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: diphtheria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: diphtheria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "დიფთერია",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: დიფთერია (dipteria)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: დიფთერია (dipteria)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دیفتری",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "difteri"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: دیفتری (difteri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: دیفتری (difteri)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "difteria",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: difteria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: difteria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܕܦܬܪܐ",
"gloss": "hide; account book",
"tr": "dptrʾ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܕܦܬܪܐ (dptrʾ, “hide; account book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܕܦܬܪܐ (dptrʾ, “hide; account book”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpa",
"2": "דפתר",
"3": "דפתרא",
"gloss2": "record book",
"tr": "dptr",
"tr2": "dptrʾ"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דפתר (dptr), דפתרא (dptrʾ, “record book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דפתר (dptr), דפתרא (dptrʾ, “record book”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דִּפְתָּר",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "diftar"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: דִּפְתָּר (diftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: דִּפְתָּר (diftar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register, account book",
"tr": "dptl",
"ts": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (dptl /daftar/, “register, account book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (dptl /daftar/, “register, account book”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دفتر",
"gloss": "account book; notebook; office",
"tr": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: دفتر (daftar, “account book; notebook; office”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: دفتر (daftar, “account book; notebook; office”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "দফতর",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: দফতর (dophtor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: দফতর (dophtor)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "dəftər",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: dəftər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: dəftər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "دپتر",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "daptar"
},
"expansion": "→ Baluchi: دپتر (daptar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Baluchi: دپتر (daptar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دەفتەر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Central Kurdish: دەفتەر (defter)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Arabic"
},
"expansion": "(or from Arabic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Central Kurdish: دەفتەر (defter) (or from Arabic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दफ़्तर"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: दफ़्तर (daftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: दफ़्तर (daftar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دفتر",
"tr": "daftar"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: دفتر (daftar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: دفتر (daftar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "девтр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kalmyk: девтр (devtr)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(via Turkic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Kalmyk: девтр (devtr) (via Turkic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "дәптер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: дәптер (däpter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: дәптер (däpter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "дептер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: дептер (depter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: дептер (depter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ (debtelin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠪᡨᡝ᠋ᠯᡳ᠍ᠨ (debtelin)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "дэвтэр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: дэвтэр (devter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: дэвтэр (devter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "тептер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nogai: тептер (tepter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nogai: тептер (tepter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дефтерь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: дефтерь (defterĭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(via Turkic)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: дефтерь (defterĭ) (via Turkic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "دفتر",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "defter"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دفتر (defter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دفتر (defter)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "defter"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: defter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: defter, (dialectal) tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тефте́р",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: тефте́р (teftér)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: тефте́р (teftér)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "defter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: defter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: defter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "defter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: defter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: defter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τεφτέρι",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: τεφτέρι (teftéri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: τεφτέρι (teftéri)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "tefter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ladino: tefter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ladino: tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тефтер",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: тефтер (tefter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: тефтер (tefter)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "tefter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: tefter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: tefter"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dȅfter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: dȅfter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: dȅfter / де̏фтер, tȅfter / те̏фтер"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "དེབ་ཐེར",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: དེབ་ཐེར (deb ther)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: དེབ་ཐེར (deb ther)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "depder",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkmen: depder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkmen: depder"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "دەپتەر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: دەپتەر (depter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: دەپتەر (depter)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "daftar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: daftar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: daftar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "دَفْتَر",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register; notebook"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; notebook”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; notebook”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "дәфтәр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: дәфтәр (dəftər)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: дәфтәр (dəftər) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "daftar",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "register; list"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: daftar (“register; list”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: daftar (“register; list”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "დავთარი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: დავთარი (davtari)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: დავთარი (davtari) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "տաւթար",
"3": "դաւթար",
"4": "տֆթար",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: տաւթար (tawtʻar), դաւթար (dawtʻar), տֆթար (tftʻar)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Persian"
},
"expansion": "(or from Persian)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: տաւթար (tawtʻar), դաւթար (dawtʻar), տֆթար (tftʻar) (or from Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դավթար"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դավթար (davtʻar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դավթար (davtʻar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gbz",
"2": "daptar",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "book"
},
"expansion": "→ Zoroastrian Dari: daptar (“book”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zoroastrian Dari: daptar (“book”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "inh",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grk-pro>*dipʰtʰérā>",
"id": "hide"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*dipʰtʰérā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀇𐁇𐀨"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐁇𐀨 (di-pte-ra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡",
"ts": "dipi"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒁾",
"3": "",
"4": "tablet, document, letter",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "ṭuppu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒁾 (ṭuppu, “tablet, document, letter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "𒁾",
"3": "",
"4": "tablet",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "𒁾𒊬",
"3": "",
"4": "writer, scribe",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "dub-sar"
},
"expansion": "Sumerian 𒁾𒊬 (dub-sar, “writer, scribe”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain, possibly from Proto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā. Related to διψάρα (dipsára, “writing-tablet; piece of leather”) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐁇𐀨 (di-pte-ra).\nSince de Saussure, connected with δέφω (déphō) or δέψω (dépsō, “to soften (with the hand)”). Beekes argues that this connection and the alternation between φ (ph) and ψ (ps) point to a Pre-Greek origin.\nCompare also Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi/), Akkadian 𒁾 (ṭuppu, “tablet, document, letter”) and Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”), Sumerian 𒁾𒊬 (dub-sar, “writer, scribe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "diphthérā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "hē diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ διφθέραι",
"roman": "hai diphthérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς διφθέρᾱς",
"roman": "tês diphthérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν διφθέραιν",
"roman": "toîn diphthérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν διφθερῶν",
"roman": "tôn diphtherôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ διφθέρᾳ",
"roman": "têi diphthérāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν διφθέραιν",
"roman": "toîn diphthérain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς διφθέραις",
"roman": "taîs diphthérais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν διφθέρᾱν",
"roman": "tḕn diphthérān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "tṑ diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς διφθέρᾱς",
"roman": "tā̀s diphthérās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέρᾱ",
"roman": "diphthérā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "διφθέραι",
"roman": "diphthérai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "διφθέρᾱς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "διφθέρᾱ"
},
"expansion": "διφθέρᾱ • (diphthérā) f (genitive διφθέρᾱς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "διφθέρᾱ",
"2": "ᾱς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "60-30 BC, Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, book 2, chapter 32:\nτῶν βασιλικῶν διφθερῶν\ntôn basilikôn diphtherôn\nof the [Persian] Royal Archives",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prepared hide, piece of leather; especially as writing material"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"wallet, bag"
],
"links": [
[
"wallet",
"wallet"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "4th century BC, Xenophon, Anabasis, book 1, chapter 5 (Greek, English):\nδιφθέρας ἃς εἶχον στεγάσματα ἐπίμπλασαν χόρτου κούφου, εἶτα συνῆγον καὶ συνέσπων, ὡς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι τῆς κάρφης τὸ ὕδωρ\ndiphthéras hàs eîkhon stegásmata epímplasan khórtou koúphou, eîta sunêgon kaì sunéspōn, hōs mḕ háptesthai tês kárphēs tò húdōr\nthey took skins which they had for tent covers, filled them with hay, and then brought the edges together and sewed them up, so that the water could not touch the hay.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"skins used as tents"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"anything made of leather",
"(in the plural) skins used as tents"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dipʰ.tʰé.raː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðiɸˈθe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dipʰ.tʰé.raː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/dipʰˈtʰe.ra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðiɸˈθe.ra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðifˈθe.ra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "διφθέρα"
}
Download raw JSONL data for διφθέρα meaning in Ancient Greek (18.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.