λίθος

grc-noun

λῐ́θος • (líthos) m (genitive λῐ́θου); second declension

λῐ́θος (canonical)
líthos (romanization)
λῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λῐ́θος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λῐ́θοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λῐ́θον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λῐ́θους (accusative plural)
λῐ́θε (singular vocative)
λῐ́θω (dual vocative)
λῐ́θοι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: liti (learned)

→ English: -lite

→ English: -lith

→ English: lith-, litho-

→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)

→⇒ New Latin: lithium (see there for further descendants)

English: lithium

Has been compared to λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”), λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”), Latin laedō (“to strike, hurt”), and Lithuanian slidùs (“slippery, slick”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, noting that words for "stone" are often taken from a substrate language.


μάννα

head

μάννα • (mánna) f

Greek: μάννα (mánna)

desctree

→ Late Latin: manna
→ Old English:
Middle English:
English: manna
→ Italian: manna (semi-learned)
→ Polish: manna (learned)
→ Sicilian: manna (semi-learned)

Borrowed from Hebrew מָן (mān, “manna”).


λῆνος

grc-noun

λῆνος • (lênos) n (genitive λήνους or λήνεος); third declension

lênos (romanization)
λήνους (genitive)
λήνεος (genitive)
τὸ λῆνος (nominative singular)
τὼ λήνει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λήνη (nominative plural)
τοῦ λήνους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λήνει (dative singular)
τοῖν ληνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λήνεσῐ (dative plural)
λήνεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs lḗnesi (dative plural)
toîs lḗnesin (dative plural)
τὸ λῆνος (accusative singular)
τὼ λήνει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λήνη (accusative plural)
λῆνος (singular vocative)
λήνει (dual vocative)
λήνη (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wlḗnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognate with Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā), Latin lāna, Old English wull (whence English wool).


κεραμίδιον

κερᾰμῐ́δῐον • (keramídion) n (genitive κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου); second declension

κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (canonical)
keramídion (romanization)
κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰμῐδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰμῐδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰμῐδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾰμῐ́δῐον (singular vocative)
κερᾰμῐδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κερᾰμῐ́δῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: κεραμίδι (keramídi)
→ Bulgarian: керемида (keremida)
→ Aromanian: chirãmidã
→ Macedonian: ќерамида (ḱeramida)
→ Megleno-Romanian: chirămidă
→ Romanian: cărămidă
→ Ottoman Turkish: كرمید (kiremid)
Turkish: kiremit
→ Armenian: քիրեմիտ (kʻiremit), քիրամիտ (kʻiramit)
→ Laz: კერემიდი (ǩeremidi)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ћеремид／ćeremid

desc

Pontic Greek: κεραμίδιν (keramídin), κεραμίδι (keramídi), κεραμίδ' (keramíd')

→ Aramaic: קַרְמִידָא

→ Aramaic: קַרְמִידָא / ܩܱܪܡܺܝܕܴܐ (qarmīḏā)

→ Arabic: قِرْمِيد (qirmīd)

→ Old Armenian: կղմինդր (kłmindr)

Unsorted:

Georgian: კრამიტი (ḳramiṭi)

From κερᾰμῐ́ς (keramís, “roof-tile”) + -ῐον (-ion), from κέρᾰμος (kéramos, “pottery”).


πίσσα

grc-noun

πίσσᾰ • (píssa) f (genitive πίσσης); first declension

πίσσᾰ (canonical)
píssa (romanization)
πίσσης (genitive)
ἡ πῐ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
πῐ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐ́σσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

Pontic Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ፔሳ (pesa, “pitch, tar”), ፒሳ (pisa)

→? Laz: ფისა (pisa)

→? Mingrelian: ფირსა (pirsa)

desctree

→? Old Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
→ Armenian: փիս (pʻis), փիսի (pʻisi)
→ Bats: ფის (pis)
→ Ossetian: писи (pisi), песи (pesi)

→? Svan: ფისე (pise)

desc

→ Turkish: pise, pusa, püse, bise, pis, püs, pus, piz, püz, pürz (dialectal)

From Proto-Hellenic *píťťa, suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂, from *pī́ts (“resin”) + *-ih₂, cognate with Albanian píshë (“pine tree”), and related to πίτυς (pítus, “pine”).


μαστίχη

grc-noun

μαστίχη • (mastíkhē) f (genitive μαστίχης); first declension

mastíkhē (romanization)
μαστίχης (genitive)
ἡ μαστίχη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαστίχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαστίχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαστιχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαστίχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαστίχαις (dative plural)
τὴν μαστίχην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαστίχᾱς (accusative plural)
μαστίχη (singular vocative)
μαστίχᾱ (dual vocative)
μαστίχαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μαστίχα (mastícha)

desctree

→ Arabic: مُصْطَكَى (muṣṭakā), مُصْطَكَاء (muṣṭakāʔ), مُصْطَكِيّ (muṣṭakiyy), مِسْتَكَة (mistaka), مِسْتَكِيّ (mistakiyy), مَسْتِيك (mastīk) — more dialectal
→ Azerbaijani: mastika
→ Egyptian Arabic: مستيكة (mastika)
→ Persian: مصطکی (mastaki)
→ Moroccan Arabic: مسكة (maska)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ماستقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستیقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستكی (masteki)
Turkish: mastika

desc

→ Hebrew: מַסְטִיק (mástik), מַסְטִיקָא (mastíka)

desctree

→ Latin: mastiche
Old French: mastic
→ Middle English: mastik, mastyk, masstyk, mastykk, mastike, mastic, mastix
English: mastic


κόμμι

grc-noun

κόμμῐ • (kómmi) n (genitive κόμμεως); third declension

κόμμῐ (canonical)
kómmi (romanization)
κόμμεως (genitive)
τὸ κόμμῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (nominative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμμεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόμμεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμμει (dative singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμμεσῐ (dative plural)
κόμμεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kómmesi (dative plural)
toîs kómmesin (dative plural)
τὸ κόμμῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (accusative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (accusative plural)
κόμμῐ (singular vocative)
κόμμει (dual vocative)
κόμμη (plural vocative)
κόμμεᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Aramaic: (“gum particularly of acacia”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קוֹמָּא (qommā), קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

Classical Syriac: ܩܘܡܐ (qommā), ܩܡܘܣ (qammūs), ܩܡܘܨ (qammūṣ), ܩܡܘܙ (qammūz)

→ Middle Hebrew: קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

→ Latin: cummis, gummis, commis, cummi, gummi, commi (see there for further descendants)

From Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Vachellia nilotica
Vachellia nilotica#Translingual

gum, obtained from babul (Vachellia nilotica)


μύρρα

grc-noun

μύρρᾱ • (múrrhā) f (genitive μύρρᾱς); first declension

μύρρᾱ (canonical)
múrrhā (romanization)
μύρρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μύρρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μύρρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μύρραι (nominative plural)
τῆς μύρρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μύρραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μυρρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μύρρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μύρραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μύρραις (dative plural)
τὴν μύρρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μύρρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μύρρᾱς (accusative plural)
μύρρᾱ (singular vocative)
μύρρᾱ (dual vocative)
μύρραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myrrha

From a Semitic source akin to Arabic مُرّ (murr, “myrrh”, literally “bitterness”), Hebrew מור / מֹר (mōr, “myrrh”, literally “bitterness”).


ῥητίνη

grc-noun

ῥητῑ́νη • (rhētī́nē) f (genitive ῥητῑ́νης); first declension

ῥητῑ́νη (canonical)
rhētī́nē (romanization)
ῥητῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ῥητῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥητῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥητῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥητῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥητῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥητῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥητῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥητῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥητῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥητῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥητῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥητῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥητῑ́νη (singular vocative)
ῥητῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥητῖναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: رَاتِينَج (rātīnaj)
→ Medieval Latin: ratinegi
→ Middle Armenian: ռատինէճ (ṙatinēč)
→ Ottoman Turkish: راتینج (ratinec), راتنج (ratenc)
Turkish: ratinec

⇒ English: retinalite, retinasphalt

→ Greek: ρητίνη (ritíni)

→ Latin: rēsīna, rētīna (Medieval Latin)
→ Albanian: rrëshirë
→ Arabic: رَجِينَة (rajīna)
→ Ottoman Turkish: رچینه (reçine)
Turkish: reçine
→ Greek: ρετσίνι (retsíni)
Aromanian: arushinã, ritsinã
Franco-Provençal: rèsina
Friulian: rèsine
→ Irish: roisín
Italian: resina
→ Byzantine Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)
Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)
Old French: reysin
French: résine
→ Middle English: resyn
English: resin
Old Occitan: resina
Catalan: resina, reïna
Occitan: rosina
Old Galician-Portuguese: resina
Galician: resina, recina
Portuguese: resina
Piedmontese: resna
Romanian: rășină
→ Russian: рези́на (rezína)
Sicilian: rìsina
Old Spanish: resina
Spanish: resina

/r̥ɛː.tǐː.nɛː/

/r̥ɛː.tǐː.nɛː/

The suffix -ῑνος and -ῑνη are found both with inherited and with Pre-Greek words. Since there are no good cognates, however, the word is probably Pre-Greek. The comparison with Latin rasis (“kind of raw pitch pulverized to dust”) is uncertain. Latin rēsīna gives proof of a dialectal Greek by-form *ῥησίνα (*rhēsína); the variation attested by this form shows that this is a Pre-Greek word.

cog

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 63

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 617a.19

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.2.1

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 300

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 554

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.71


κάρπασος

head

κάρπᾰσος • (kárpasos) f (genitive καρπάσου, plural (neuter) κάρπᾰσᾰ)

κάρπᾰσος (canonical)
kárpasos (romanization)
καρπάσου (genitive)
κάρπᾰσᾰ (neuter plural)
ἡ κᾰ́ρπᾰσος (nominative singular)
τῆς κᾰρπᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τῇ κᾰρπᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́ρπᾰσον (accusative singular)
κᾰ́ρπᾰσε (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρπᾰσοι (nominative plural)
τῶν κᾰρπᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κᾰρπᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρπᾰ́σους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρπᾰσοι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás, “a type of expensive fabric made of cotton”).

bor

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual

flax (Linum usitatissimum or Linum bienne)


λίβανος

grc-noun

λίβανος • (líbanos) m or f (genitive λίβανου); second declension

líbanos (romanization)
λίβανου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λίβανος (nominative singular)
τὼ λιβάνω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λίβανοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λιβάνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λιβάνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λιβάνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λιβάνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λιβάνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λιβάνοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λίβανον (accusative singular)
τὼ λιβάνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λιβάνους (accusative plural)
λίβανε (singular vocative)
λιβάνω (dual vocative)
λίβανοι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from a Semitic language, probably from a Canaanite word cognate to Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (ləḇōnā, “frankincense”) and Arabic لُبَان (lubān, “frankincense”), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”).


χαλβάνη

grc-noun

χᾰλβᾰ́νη • (khalbánē) f (genitive χᾰλβᾰ́νης); first declension

χᾰλβᾰ́νη (canonical)
khalbánē (romanization)
χᾰλβᾰ́νης (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλβᾰ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλβᾰ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλβᾰ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλβᾰ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλβᾰ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλβᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλβᾰ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλβᾰ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλβᾰ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλβᾰ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλβᾰ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλβᾰ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰλβᾰ́νη (singular vocative)
χᾰλβᾰ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰλβᾰ́ναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: galbanum

→ Old Armenian: քաղբան (kʻałban)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ქალბანაჲ (kalbanay), ქალბანჱ (kalbanē)

From Hebrew חֶלְבְּנָה (ḥelbənāh), from the root ח־ל־ב (ḥ-l-b) related to milk, from Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb- (“milk; fat”).

bor

Hebrew חֶלְבְּנָה (ḥelbənāh)

galbanum, the resinous juice produced by plants of the genus Ferula


στύραξ

grc-noun

στύραξ • (stúrax) m (genitive στύρᾰκος); third declension

stúrax (romanization)
στύρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ στύρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στύρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ στύρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ στύρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στυρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ στύρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στύρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
στύρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs stúraxi (dative plural)
toîs stúraxin (dative plural)
τὸν στύρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στύρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς στύρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
στύρᾰξ (singular vocative)
στύρᾰκε (dual vocative)
στύρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: styrax

desc

ܐܣܛܘܪܩܐ, ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ, ܣܛܘܪܟܐ

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܪܩܐ, ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ, ܣܛܘܪܟܐ (sṭurkā, ʾesṭurkā, ʾesṭurqā)

→ Old Georgian: სტჳრაკი (sṭwiraḳi)

Probably of Semitic origin, because this resin was introduced by the Phoenicians.


κίσηρις

grc-noun

κῐ́σηρῐς • (kísēris) f (genitive κῐσήρεως); third declension

κῐ́σηρῐς (canonical)
kísēris (romanization)
κῐσήρεως (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́σηρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐσήρει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐσήρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐσήρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐσηρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐσήρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐσήρει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐσηρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐσήρεσῐ (dative plural)
κῐσήρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kisḗresi (dative plural)
taîs kisḗresin (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́σηρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐσήρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐσήρεις (accusative plural)
κῐ́σηρῐ (singular vocative)
κῐσήρει (dual vocative)
κῐσήρεις (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܝܣܘܪܐ

→ Arabic: قَيْشُور (qayšūr)

Furnée connects γεῖσον (geîson). Undoubtedly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the variation λ/ρ.


ὀποπάναξ

ὀποπάναξ • (opopánax) m (genitive ὀποπάνᾰκος); third declension

opopánax (romanization)
ὀποπάνᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποπᾰνᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs opopánaxi (dative plural)
toîs opopánaxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰξ (singular vocative)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκε (dual vocative)
ὀποπᾰ́νᾰκες (plural vocative)

Latin: opopanax

→ English: opopanax

→? Middle Armenian: ուպան (upan)

→ Translingual: Opopanax

From ὀπός (opós, “juice”) + πάναξ (pánax, “name of various healing plants”).


βάμβαξ

βάμβαξ • (bámbax) m (genitive βάμβακος); third declension

bámbax (romanization)
βάμβακος (genitive)
ὁ βάμβαξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (dual nominative)
οἱ βάμβακες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βάμβακος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαμβάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βάμβακῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βάμβαξῐ (dative plural)
βάμβαξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxi (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxin (dative plural)
τὸν βάμβακᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βάμβακᾰς (accusative plural)
βάμβαξ (singular vocative)
βάμβακε (dual vocative)
βάμβακες (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: βαμβάκιον (bambákion)

Greek: βαμβάκι (vamváki)

→ Medieval Latin: bombacium, bambacium, bombecium, bambecium

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: bambagia

desctree

Venetian: bonbaxo, bombàxo, bombàs
→ Cimbrian: bombaas
→ Slovene: bombaž

desc

→ Late Latin: bombax, bambax, bombix, bambix, *bombacum

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: Bambaci, Bombaci

Sicilian: Bammaci, Bummaci

Herodotus describes the word as Indian, while Theophrastus says that it was found near the Persian Gulf. From the same root are Middle Persian pmbk', Old Armenian բամբակ (bambak) and Ottoman Turkish پاموق (pamuk).


λάσαρον

grc-noun

λάσαρον • (lásaron) n (genitive λασάρου); second declension

lásaron (romanization)
λασάρου (genitive)
τὸ λάσαρον (nominative singular)
τὼ λασάρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λάσαρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λασάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λασάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λασάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λασάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λασάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λασάροις (dative plural)
τὸ λάσαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λασάρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λάσαρᾰ (accusative plural)
λάσαρον (singular vocative)
λασάρω (dual vocative)
λάσαρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: lasar

Unexplained foreign word. According to Beekes, probably from Pre-Greek.

unk

Unexplained

laser, juice of the asafoetida or silphium


κάγκαμον

grc-noun

κᾰ́γκᾰμον • (kánkamon) n (genitive κᾰγκᾰ́μου); second declension

κᾰ́γκᾰμον (canonical)
kánkamon (romanization)
κᾰγκᾰ́μου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́γκᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰγκᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́γκᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰγκᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰγκᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰγκᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰγκᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰγκᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰγκᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́γκᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰγκᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́γκᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́γκᾰμον (singular vocative)
κᾰγκᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́γκᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cancamum

bisabol, a gum produced by the plant Commiphora kataf


τραγάκανθα

τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ • (tragákantha) f (genitive τρᾰγᾰκάνθης); first declension

τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (canonical)
tragákantha (romanization)
τρᾰγᾰκάνθης (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰγᾰ́κανθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰγᾰκάνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰκάνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγᾰκανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰγᾰκάνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰκάνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰγᾰκάνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱς (accusative plural)
τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (dual vocative)
τρᾰγᾰ́κανθαι (plural vocative)

→ English: tragacanth

From τράγος (trágos, “goat”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


σαγάπηνον

grc-noun

σᾰγάπηνον • (sagápēnon) n (genitive σᾰγαπήνου); second declension

σᾰγάπηνον (canonical)
sagápēnon (romanization)
σᾰγαπήνου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰγαπήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγαπήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰγαπήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰγαπήνοις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰγάπηνον (singular vocative)
σᾰγαπήνω (dual vocative)
σᾰγάπηνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sagapēnum

From Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Middle Persian [Term?], whence سکبینه (sakbine).

sagapenum, the gum produced by this plant


σαρκοκόλλα

σαρκοκόλλᾰ • (sarkokólla) f (genitive σαρκοκόλλης); first declension

σαρκοκόλλᾰ (canonical)
sarkokólla (romanization)
σαρκοκόλλης (genitive)
ἡ σαρκοκόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαρκοκόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαρκοκόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαρκοκολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαρκοκόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαρκοκόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σαρκοκόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαρκοκόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
σαρκοκόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
σαρκοκόλλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sarcocolla

→ English: sarcocolla

Middle English: sarcocol, sarcocolle

English: sarcocol

From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

compound

sarcocolla (Persian resin used in traditional medicine and paint manufacture)

milkvetch (flowering shrubs of the genus Astragalus, particularly A. sarcocolla, source of the resin)


βδέλλιον

grc-noun

βδέλλῐον • (bdéllion) n (genitive βδελλῐ́ου); second declension

βδέλλῐον (canonical)
bdéllion (romanization)
βδελλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βδέλλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βδελλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βδέλλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βδελλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βδελλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βδελλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βδελλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βδελλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βδελλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βδέλλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βδελλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βδέλλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βδέλλῐον (singular vocative)
βδελλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βδέλλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: bdellium

From Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bəḏṓlaḥ), cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu).

der

Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bəḏṓlaḥ)

bdellium, an aromatic gum obtained from Commiphora africana


μάλδακον

grc-noun

μᾰ́λδᾰκον • (máldakon) n (genitive μᾰλδᾰ́κου); second declension

μᾰ́λδᾰκον (canonical)
máldakon (romanization)
μᾰλδᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰ́λδᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰλδᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰλδᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰλδᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰλδᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰλδᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰλδᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰλδᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰ́λδᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰλδᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰ́λδᾰκον (singular vocative)
μᾰλδᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: maldacon

Furnée thinks it is a Semitic loan standing for *μαδαλκον (*madalkon), and compares בְּדֹלַח (bdólakh) and Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu).


πῶρος

πῶρος • (pôros) m (genitive πώρου); second declension

pôros (romanization)
πώρου (genitive)
ὁ πῶρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πώρω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῶροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώροις (dative plural)
τὸν πῶρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πώρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώρους (accusative plural)
πῶρε (singular vocative)
πώρω (dual vocative)
πῶροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pōrus

It has no certain etymology. According to Haupt, it was borrowed from Akkadian; Furnée connects *ψώρος (*psṓros) in ψωρίτης (psōrítēs, “kind of marble”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin. Likely a Wanderwort also found in Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒈾𒁓 (/pīlu, pūlu/, “limestone”), Akkadian 𒁓𒊏 (pūru, literally “stone bowl”), Urartian 𒉌𒌓𒁍𒇻𒋛 (NA₄.pu-lu-si /pulus/, “stone, stele”), Old Armenian բուռ (buṙ, “lime, plaster, varnish”). An ancient Anatolian or Mesopotamian origin is probable, with Sumerian 𒁓 (/bur/, “stone (vessel)”) as the likely source.

unk

no certain etymology


λύγδος

grc-noun

λῠ́γδος • (lúgdos) f (genitive λῠ́γδου); second declension

λῠ́γδος (canonical)
lúgdos (romanization)
λῠ́γδου (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́γδος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́γδω (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́γδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́γδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́γδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠ́γδων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́γδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́γδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́γδοις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́γδον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́γδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́γδους (accusative plural)
λῠ́γδε (singular vocative)
λῠ́γδω (dual vocative)
λῠ́γδοι (plural vocative)

Ending as in μόλυβδος (mólubdos) and κίβδος (kíbdos). A connection with λευκός (leukós, “white”) is morphologically hard to explain, as the suffix -δος is not productive. According to Beekes, the word is probably Pre-Greek.


λήδανον

λήδᾰνον • (lḗdanon) n (genitive ληδᾰ́νου); second declension

λήδᾰνον (canonical)
lḗdanon (romanization)
ληδᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ λήδᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ληδᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λήδᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ληδᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληδᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληδᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ληδᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ληδᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ληδᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ λήδᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ληδᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λήδᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
λήδᾰνον (singular vocative)
ληδᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
λήδᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lādanum

→ Old Armenian: ղանդանոն (łandanon)

A loan, originally from Semitic. Compare Akkadian 𒆷𒁷𒉡 (ladinnu).

labdanum, a resin obtained from rockroses


σμύρνα

σμῠ́ρνᾰ • (smúrna) f (genitive σμῠ́ρνης); first declension

σμῠ́ρνᾰ (canonical)
smúrna (romanization)
σμῠ́ρνης (genitive)
ἡ σμῠ́ρνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σμῠ́ρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σμῠ́ρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῠ́ρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῠρνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σμῠ́ρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῠ́ρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμῠ́ρναις (dative plural)
τὴν σμῠ́ρνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμῠ́ρνᾱς (accusative plural)
σμῠ́ρνᾰ (singular vocative)
σμῠ́ρνᾱ (dual vocative)
σμῠ́ρναι (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܡܽܘܪܢܳܐ (smurnā)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲙⲩⲣⲛⲏⲥ (smurnēs)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽 (smwrn)

→ Latin: smyrna

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: змѵ́рьна (zmǘrĭna)

→ Belarusian: смі́рна (smírna)

→ Russian: сми́рна (smírna)

→ Ukrainian: сми́рна (smýrna)

According to Beekes, probably from the city of Σμύρνα (Smúrna, “Izmir”), itself apparently of unknown origin, and not a by-form of μύρρα (múrrha, “myrrh”).

Commiphora myrrha
Commiphora myrrha#Translingual

Indian bdellium, false myrrh, the resin of Commiphora wightii


βάλσαμον

grc-noun

βᾰ́λσᾰμον • (bálsamon) n (genitive βᾰλσᾰμου); second declension

βᾰ́λσᾰμον (canonical)
bálsamon (romanization)
βᾰλσᾰμου (genitive)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰλσᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλσᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰλσᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰλσᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λσᾰμον (singular vocative)
βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَيْلَسان (baylasān), بَلَسَان (balasān), بَلْسَم (balsam), بِلْسَام (bilsām), بَشَام (bašām)
→ Amharic: በለሳን (bäläsan)
→ Old Armenian: բալասան (balasan)
→ Middle Armenian: պալասան (palasan)
→ Ge'ez: በለሳን (bäläsan), በልሳን (bälsan), በለሶን (bäläson)
→ Somali: bilsin
→ Tigrinya: በለሳን (bäläsan)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בלזמה, בלסנה

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בלסמון

Classical Syriac: ܒܠܣܡܘܢ, ܒܠܣܝܡܘܢ, ܒܐܠܣܡܘܢ

→ Latin: balsamum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: բաղսամոն (bałsamon)

→ Old Georgian: ბარსაბონი (barsaboni)

Of Semitic origin, borrowed from Hebrew בָּשָׂם (bāśām, “sweet spice, sweet smell”), the consonant sequence in Greek being explained as an attempt of rendering שׂ (ś) sounding back then [ɬ]; the semantic development may later have been attached to Aramaic and Ancient North Arabian.

bor

Arabian balsam tree (Commiphora gileadensis)

balsam, the fragrant oil produced by this tree

Tanacetum balsamita
Tanacetum balsamita#Translingual


μάκιρ

head

μάκιρ • (mákir)

→ Latin: macir (see there for further descendants)

unk

Oriental

macir, the fragrant resin of Ailanthus triphysa


γλοιός

grc-noun

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (genitive γλοιοῦ); second declension

gloiós (romanization)
γλοιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γλοιός (nominative singular)
τὼ γλοιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γλοιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλοιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλοιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλοιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλοιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλοιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γλοιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλοιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλοιούς (accusative plural)
γλοιέ (singular vocative)
γλοιώ (dual vocative)
γλοιοί (plural vocative)

If from *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós), the word agrees with Proto-Slavic *glěvъ (“slime”). If, however, it derives from *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós), the word may correspond to Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”). All these words derive from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”). See also γλίνη (glínē, “any viscous substance”), γλία (glía, “glue”), γλίσχρος (glískhros, “sticky, penurious”).

der

oil and dirt scraped off with the strigil


ἀνέμη

grc-noun

ἀνέμη • (anémē) f (genitive ἀνέμης); first declension

anémē (romanization)
ἀνέμης (genitive)
ἡ ἀνέμη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνέμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνέμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνέμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνέμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνεμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνέμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνέμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνέμαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνέμην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνέμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνέμᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀνέμη (singular vocative)
ἀνέμᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀνέμαι (plural vocative)

desc

> Greek: ανέμη (anémi), ⇒ ανεμίδι (anemídi) (inherited)

⇒ Pontic Greek: ανεμίδα (anemída), ανιμίδα (animída), αλεμίδα (alemída), αλιμίδα (alimída), ανεμίδιν (anemídin), ανιμίδιν (animídin)

→ Laz: ანამიდი (anamidi)

→ Turkish: alemidi, alemit, elemit, elemüt

→⇒ Sicilian: anìmulu

Hellenistic word, mentioned once at Pseudo-Macarius of Egypt (see quotation below). From the ancient ἄνεμ(ος) m (ánem(os), “wind”) + ending for feminine nouns -η (-ē).

ὅτε ὁρᾷ με, στρέφεται ὡς ἀνέμη
hóte horâi me, stréphetai hōs anémē
when (he) looks at me, he whirls like a weasel
Pseudo-Macarius of Egypt.34.240. @books.google, Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Graeca, vol.54, Ed. Migne, 1864.

Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts

w:de:Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität


ἰξός

grc-noun

ἰξός • (ixós) m (genitive ἰξοῦ); second declension

ixós (romanization)
ἰξοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἰξός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰξώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἰξοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰξοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰξοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰξῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰξῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰξοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰξοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἰξόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰξώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰξούς (accusative plural)
ἰξέ (singular vocative)
ἰξώ (dual vocative)
ἰξοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ιξός (ixós)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوكسه (ökse)
Turkish: ökse
→ Armenian: էօքսէ (ēōkʻsē)
→ Azerbaijani: öksə

An old cultural word, identical with Latin viscum (“mistletoe”), thus implying a pre-form *ϝιξ(ο-) (*wix(o-)). It has been compared with Proto-Slavic *višьňa (“sour cherry”) and Proto-Germanic *wīhsilō (“sour cherry”). Chantraine considers a common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱs-, but, according to Beekes, given its structure and limited distribution it is likely a loanword from a European substrate.


μοκρότου

kind of frankincense mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


δίμιτον

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δίμιτον • (dímiton)

Greek: δίμιτο (dímito)

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→ Ottoman Turkish: دیمی (dimi), دمی (dimi)
Turkish: dimi
→ Armenian: տիմի (timi)
→ Polish: dyma, dymka
→ Romanian: dimie
→ Russian: ды́мка (dýmka)
→ Ukrainian: ди́мка (dýmka)

→ Medieval Latin: dimitum

→ Italian: dimito

desc

→ French: dimitte, dimite, dimmite, demitto, démitte

→ Dutch: diemit

→ Middle English: demit, demyt

English: dimite, dimity

→ Venetian: dìmito, lìmito

Substantivized neuter of δίμιτος (dímitos)


ἀμμωνιακόν

grc-noun

ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν • (ammōniakón) n (genitive ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ); second declension

ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (canonical)
ammōniakón (romanization)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμμωνῐᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμμωνῐᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (singular vocative)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (dual vocative)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ammōniacum

Genericized neuter form of Ἀμμωνῐᾰκός (Ammōniakós, “of Ammon”).


βλόχον

βλόχον • (blókhon) n (genitive βλόχου); second declension

blókhon (romanization)
βλόχου (genitive)
τὸ βλόχον (nominative singular)
τὼ βλόχω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βλόχᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ βλόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλόχοις (dative plural)
τὸ βλόχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βλόχω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βλόχᾰ (accusative plural)
βλόχον (singular vocative)
βλόχω (dual vocative)
βλόχᾰ (plural vocative)


καστόριον

κᾰστόρῐον • (kastórion) n (genitive κᾰστορῐ́ου); second declension

κᾰστόρῐον (canonical)
kastórion (romanization)
κᾰστορῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰστόρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰστορῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰστόρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰστορῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰστορῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰστορῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰστορῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰστορῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰστορῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰστόρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰστορῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰστόρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰστόρῐον (singular vocative)
κᾰστορῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κᾰστόρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: καστόρι (kastóri)

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→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪܝܘܢ (qasṭōryōn)

→ Latin: castoreum

→ Old Armenian: կասդորիոս (kasdorios)

Ἔστι ζῶον, λεγόμενον καστόριον, ἤπιον πάνυ καὶ ἡσύχιον.
Ésti zôon, legómenon kastórion, ḗpion pánu kaì hēsúkhion.

There is an animal called castor; the animal is quite and very gentle.


χαμαιλίβανος

grc-noun

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος

χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος • (khamailíbanos) m (genitive χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου); second declension

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος (canonical)
khamailíbanos (romanization)
χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνε (singular vocative)
χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος

From χᾰμαί (khamaí, “near the ground”) + λῐ́βᾰνος (líbanos, “frankincense”).


ὀποβάλσαμον

grc-noun

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον • (opobálsamon) n (genitive ὀποβᾰλσᾰμου); second declension

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (canonical)
opobálsamon (romanization)
ὀποβᾰλσᾰμου (genitive)
τὸ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (singular vocative)
ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον

Compound of ὀπός (opós, “plant juice”) + βᾰ́λσᾰμον (bálsamon, “balm”).

compound

juice of the Arabian balsam tree, balm of Gilead


ἠλάκατα

grc-noun

ἠλάκᾰτᾰ • (ēlákata) n pl (genitive ἠλᾰκάτων); second declension

ἠλάκᾰτᾰ (canonical)
ēlákata (romanization)
ἠλᾰκάτων (genitive)
ἠλᾰ́κᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰ́των (genitive plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰ́τοισῐ (dative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰ́τοισῐν (dative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
ēlakátoisi (dative plural)
ēlakátoisin (dative plural)
ēlakátois (dative plural)
ἠλᾰ́κᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἠλᾰ́κᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From the same root as ἠλακάτη (ēlakátē).


λεοντέη

λεοντέη • (leontéē) f (genitive λεοντέης); first declension

leontéē (romanization)
λεοντέης (genitive)
ἡ λεοντέη (nominative singular)
τὼ λεοντέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λεοντέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λεοντέης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεοντέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεοντεέων (genitive plural)
λεοντεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λεοντέῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεοντέαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν λεοντέῃσῐ (dative plural)
λεοντέῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi leontéēisi (dative plural)
têisi leontéēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν λεοντέην (accusative singular)
τὼ λεοντέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεοντέᾱς (accusative plural)
λεοντέη (singular vocative)
λεοντέᾱ (dual vocative)
λεοντέαι (plural vocative)


ἄμαθος

ἄμᾰθος • (ámathos) f (genitive ἄμάθου); second declension

ἄμᾰθος (canonical)
ámathos (romanization)
ἄμάθου (genitive)
ἡ ἀ̆μᾰθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀ̆μᾰ́θω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀ̆μᾰθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀ̆μᾰ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀ̆μᾰ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀ̆μᾰ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀ̆μᾰ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀ̆μᾰ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀ̆μᾰ́θοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀ̆μᾰθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀ̆μᾰ́θω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀ̆μᾰ́θους (accusative plural)
ἀ̆μᾰθε (singular vocative)
ἀ̆μᾰ́θω (dual vocative)
ἀ̆μᾰθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άμαθος (ámathos)

Probably from an unidentified European substrate, along with its synonyms ἄμμος (ámmos), ψάμαθος (psámathos), and ψάμμος (psámmos). Outside of Greek, cognates (from the same substrate) include Old English sand, Latin sabulum, and perhaps Old Armenian աւազ (awaz).