γῆ

grc-noun

γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension

gê (romanization)
γῆς (genitive)
ἡ γῆ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (dual nominative)
αἱ γαῖ (nominative plural)
γέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῶν (genitive plural)
γεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γεαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γῆν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾶς (accusative plural)
γέᾱς (accusative plural)
γῆ (singular vocative)
γᾶ (dual vocative)
γαῖ (plural vocative)
γέαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γᾶ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γαῖ (nominative plural)
τᾶς γᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γᾶν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾶ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾶς (accusative plural)
γᾶ (singular vocative)
γᾶ (dual vocative)
γαῖ (plural vocative)

Greek: γη (gi)

From a pre-Indo-European Pre-Greek substrate; the proto-form was likely something similar to *gaya, which contracted to *gā at a very early date. The names Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr) and Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn) also Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 (e-ne-si-da-o-ne, “earthshaking (epithet of Poseidon)”) point to an alternative form *δᾶ (*dâ).


Ζεύς

grc-proper noun

Ζεύς • (Zeús) m (genitive Διός); third declension

Zeús (romanization)
Διός (genitive)
ὁ Ζεύς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Δῐός (genitive singular)
Ζηνός (genitive singular)
τῷ Δῐῐ́ (dative singular)
Ζηνῐ́ (dative singular)
τὸν Δῐ́ᾰ (accusative singular)
Ζῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
Ζεῦ (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: Զեւս (Zews)
Armenian: Զևս (Zews)

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܣ (zews)

→ Coptic: ⲍⲉⲩⲥ (zeus)

→ English: Zeus

Georgian: ზევსი (zevsi)

Greek: Ζευς (Zefs), Δίας (Días)

→ Latin: Zeus

→ Old Church Slavonic: Ꙁеѵсъ (Zeüsŭ)

→ Russian: Зевс (Zevs)

→ Messapic: 𐌆𐌉𐌑 (zis)

→ Arabic: زُوس (zūs)

From Proto-Hellenic *Dzéus, related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀺 (di-wo /diwos/); from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Sanskrit द्यु (dyú), Latin Iovis (and *Iu- in Iuppiter), Old English Tīw, Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (sius).

Παῦε λέγων, μὰ τὸν Δία


ἄστρον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́στρον • (ắstron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́στρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́στρον (canonical)
ắstron (romanization)
ᾰ̓́στρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́στρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́στρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́στρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́στροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́στρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́στρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́στροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́στροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́στρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́στρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́στρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́στρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́στρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: astro-

→ Latin: astrum (see there for further descendants)

Greek: άστρο (ástro)


γαλακτικός

γᾰλακτῐκός (canonical)
gălaktĭkós (romanization)
γᾰλακτῐκή (feminine)
γᾰλακτῐκόν (neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκός (masculine nominative singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκή (feminine nominative singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκόν (neuter nominative singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (dual masculine nominative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (dual neuter nominative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοί (masculine nominative plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκαί (feminine nominative plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῷ (dative masculine singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῇ (dative feminine singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῷ (dative neuter singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκόν (accusative masculine singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκήν (accusative feminine singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκόν (accusative neuter singular)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (accusative dual masculine)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (accusative dual neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκούς (accusative masculine plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκέ (masculine singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκή (feminine singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκόν (neuter singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (dual masculine vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώ (dual neuter vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκοί (masculine plural vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκαί (feminine plural vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
γᾰλᾰκτῐκώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Albanian: galaktika

Greek: γαλακτικός (galaktikós)

→ Latin: galacticus (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: гала́ктика (galáktika)
→ Kazakh: галактика (galaktika)
→ Uzbek: galaktika

→ Ukrainian: гала́ктика (haláktyka)


μικρός

μῑκρός (canonical)
mīkrós (romanization)
μῑκρᾱ́ (feminine)
μῑκρόν (neuter)
μῑκρός (masculine nominative singular)
μῑκρᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
μῑκρόν (neuter nominative singular)
μῑκρώ (dual masculine nominative)
μῑκρᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
μῑκρώ (dual neuter nominative)
μῑκροί (masculine nominative plural)
μῑκραί (feminine nominative plural)
μῑκρᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
μῑκροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
μῑκρᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
μῑκροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
μῑκροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
μῑκραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
μῑκροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
μῑκρῶν (genitive masculine plural)
μῑκρῶν (feminine genitive plural)
μῑκρῶν (genitive neuter plural)
μῑκρῷ (dative masculine singular)
μῑκρᾷ (dative feminine singular)
μῑκρῷ (dative neuter singular)
μῑκροῖν (dative dual masculine)
μῑκραῖν (dative dual feminine)
μῑκροῖν (dative dual neuter)
μῑκροῖς (dative masculine plural)
μῑκραῖς (dative feminine plural)
μῑκροῖς (dative neuter plural)
μῑκρόν (accusative masculine singular)
μῑκρᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
μῑκρόν (accusative neuter singular)
μῑκρώ (accusative dual masculine)
μῑκρᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
μῑκρώ (accusative dual neuter)
μῑκρούς (accusative masculine plural)
μῑκρᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
μῑκρᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
μῑκρέ (masculine singular vocative)
μῑκρᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
μῑκρόν (neuter singular vocative)
μῑκρώ (dual masculine vocative)
μῑκρᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
μῑκρώ (dual neuter vocative)
μῑκροί (masculine plural vocative)
μῑκραί (feminine plural vocative)
μῑκρᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
μῑκρῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μῑκρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἐλάσσων (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μείων (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μῑκρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
ἐλάχιστος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
μεῖστος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

grc-adecl

μῑκρότερος, ἐλάσσων, μείων

μῑκρότᾰτος, ἐλάχιστος, μεῖστος

Greek: μικρός (mikrós)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyg-, *(s)mēyg- (“small, thin, delicate”), thereby cognate with e.g. Old English smicor (“beauteous, beautiful, elegant, fair, fine, tasteful”), whence modern English smicker; compare also German mickrig. However this etymology leaves the /k/ of the Greek forms unexplained.
Beekes argues for Pre-Greek origin on the basis of variation between initial /m/ and /sm/, as well as the variant forms μικός (mikós) and μικκός (mikkós).

cog

(importance) petty, trivial, insignificant

little, small
petty, trivial, insignificant


Νίκη

grc-proper noun

Νῑ́κη • (Nī́kē) f (genitive Νῑ́κης); first declension

Νῑ́κη (canonical)
Nī́kē (romanization)
Νῑ́κης (genitive)
ἡ Νῑ́κη (nominative singular)
τῆς Νῑ́κης (genitive singular)
τῇ Νῑ́κῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Νῑ́κην (accusative singular)
Νῑ́κη (singular vocative)

English: Nike

Greek: Νίκη (Níki)

Turkish: Nike


ἰατρός

grc-noun

ῑ̓ᾱτρός • (īātrós) m (genitive ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ); second declension

ῑ̓ᾱτρός (canonical)
īātrós (romanization)
ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓ᾱτρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓ᾱτροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓ᾱτρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓ᾱτρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓ᾱτροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓ᾱτρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓ᾱτρούς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓ᾱτρέ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτροί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: γιατρός m or f (giatrós), ιατρός m or f (iatrós)

English: iatro-

iatroculture

iatrogenic

iatric, -iatrics

-iatry

Italian -iatra, -iatria

Spanish: -iatra

Polish: jatrogenny, -iatra, -iatria

From ἰάομαι (iáomai, “heal”) + -τρος (-tros, masculine agent-noun suffix).


σπόρος

grc-noun

σπόρος • (spóros) m (genitive σπόρου); second declension

spóros (romanization)
σπόρου (genitive)
ὁ σπόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπόροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπόρους (accusative plural)
σπόρε (singular vocative)
σπόρω (dual vocative)
σπόροι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπόρος (spóros)

→ Latin: Sporus

From Proto-Indo-European *spor-, an o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Cognate with σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”), σπέρμα (spérma, “semen, sperm”), and Albanian farë; see σπείρω (speírō) for more.


κεφαλή

κεφᾰλή • (kephălḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension

κεφᾰλή (canonical)
kephălḗ (romanization)
κεφᾰλῆς (genitive)
ἡ κεφᾰλή (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεφᾰλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κεφᾰλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεφᾰλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεφᾰλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κεφᾰλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεφᾰλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κεφᾰλή (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κεφᾰλαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē)

→ English: cephalo-

Greek: κεφαλή (kefalí)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰepʰəlā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-l̥ (“head”) + *-éh₂ (“nominal suffix”). Compare κεβλή (keblḗ). False cognate of Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla).

a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line").


θάνατος

θᾰ́νᾰτος • (thắnătos) m (genitive θᾰνᾰ́του); second declension

θᾰ́νᾰτος (canonical)
thắnătos (romanization)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτοῖο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτόο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐ (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐν (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
thănắtoisĭ (dative plural)
thănắtoisĭn (dative plural)
thănắtois (dative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)


ἀστήρ

ᾰ̓στήρ • (ăstḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓στέρος); third declension

ᾰ̓στήρ (canonical)
ăstḗr (romanization)
ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓στήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓στέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓στέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓στέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓στέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓στέρᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓στήρ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ, ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ

⇒ Greek: αστέρας (astéras)

desctree

→ Latin: astēr
→ English: aster
→ Cebuano: aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ German: Aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ Ukrainian: а́йстра (ájstra)
→ Middle French: aster
French: aster
→ Romanian: aster
Translingual: Aster, Thalassianthus aster

From Proto-Hellenic *astḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.
Cognates include Latin stēlla, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), English star, Dutch ster, German Stern, Danish stjerne, Swedish stjärna, Icelandic stjarna, Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre) and Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

a celestial body (star, planet, and other lights in the sky such as meteors).


ᾍδης

grc-proper noun

ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension

Hā́idēs (romanization)
ᾍδου (genitive)
ὁ ᾍδης (nominative singular)
τοῦ ᾍδου (genitive singular)
τῷ ᾍδῃ (dative singular)
τὸν ᾍδην (accusative singular)
ᾍδη (singular vocative)
Ἀΐδης (nominative singular)
Ἀΐδᾱο (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδε͜ω (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδω (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδῃ (dative singular)
Ἀΐδην (accusative singular)
Ἀΐδη (singular vocative)

Greek: Άδης (Ádis)

→ Latin: Hādēs

→ Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + *weyd- (“see”) + *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “that which is unseen”, equivalent to ἀ- (a-) + εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).
Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd- (from *sm̥- (compounding stem) + *weyd- (“see”) + *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “see-together” or “uniter”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) + εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”).

cog

(Greek mythology) Hades (a mythological location, the underworld in Ancient Greek religion)


Ῥώμη

grc-proper noun

Ῥώμη • (Rhṓmē) f (genitive Ῥώμης); first declension

Rhṓmē (romanization)
Ῥώμης (genitive)
ἡ Ῥώμη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῥώμης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῥώμῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῥώμην (accusative singular)
Ῥώμη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)

→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)

→ Aramaic: רומא

desc

Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ

Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)

→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)

Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)

→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)

→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)

→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)

Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)

desctree

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)


σῶμα

grc-noun

σῶμα • (sôma) n (genitive σώματος); third declension

sôma (romanization)
σώματος (genitive)
τὸ σῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sṓmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs sṓmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
σώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σώμα (sóma)

English: soma, somato-, -some, somatic

Coptic: ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (sōma)

Of disputed origin:
* Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *twṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *twoH-mn̥ (“compactness, swelling”), derived from *tewh₂- (“to swell”) + *-mn̥ (“nominal suffix”), and compared with σωρός (sōrós, “heap”). However, as Beekes notes in his entry on σῶς (sôs, “safe, healthy”), such an o-grade formation is rather strange.
* Alternatively, from Proto-Hellenic *styṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tyoH-mn̥ (“what has stiffened”), derived from *styeH- (“to stiffen”) + *-mn̥, and compared with Sanskrit स्त्या (styā, “to flow, get stiff”).


νόμος

grc-noun

νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension

nómos (romanization)
νόμου (genitive)
ὁ νόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ νόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ νόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ νόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν νόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ νόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νόμους (accusative plural)
νόμε (singular vocative)
νόμω (dual vocative)
νόμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νόμος (nómos)

Mariupol Greek: но́мус (nómus)

→ Aramaic: נמוסא

Classical Syriac: ܢܡܘܣܐ (nāmōsā)

Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡌࡅࡎࡀ (nimusa)

→ Arabic: نَامُوس (nāmūs)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܘܡܐ (lūmā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ (nomos)

→ English: -nomy

→ Latin: nummus (through Doric)

→ English: nummus

desc

→ Sogdian: 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /nōm/, “law, canon”)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nom, “book; Buddhist scripture”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: נימוס


μέτρον

grc-noun

μέτρον • (métron) n (genitive μέτρου); second declension

métron (romanization)
μέτρου (genitive)
τὸ μέτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ μέτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μέτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μέτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μέτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέτροις (dative plural)
τὸ μέτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μέτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (accusative plural)
μέτρον (singular vocative)
μέτρω (dual vocative)
μέτρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέτρο (métro)

→ English: metron

desctree

→ Latin: metrum
→ Dutch: metrum
→ Indonesian: metrum
→ French: mètre (see there for further descendants)
→ German: Metrum
→ Luxembourgish: Metrum
→ Old Irish: metar
Irish: meadar
→ English: mether, medar, meather, madder
→ Italian: metro
→ Polish: metrum
Spanish: miedro

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) + -τρον (-tron).


ἀριστερός

aristerós (romanization)
ἀριστερά (feminine)
ἀριστερόν (neuter)
ἀριστερός (masculine nominative singular)
ἀριστερᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
ἀριστερόν (neuter nominative singular)
ἀριστερώ (dual masculine nominative)
ἀριστερᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ἀριστερώ (dual neuter nominative)
ἀριστεροί (masculine nominative plural)
ἀριστεραί (feminine nominative plural)
ἀριστερᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ἀριστεροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ἀριστερᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
ἀριστεροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ἀριστεροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ἀριστεραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ἀριστεροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ἀριστερῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ἀριστερῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ἀριστερῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ἀριστερῷ (dative masculine singular)
ἀριστερᾷ (dative feminine singular)
ἀριστερῷ (dative neuter singular)
ἀριστεροῖν (dative dual masculine)
ἀριστεραῖν (dative dual feminine)
ἀριστεροῖν (dative dual neuter)
ἀριστεροῖς (dative masculine plural)
ἀριστεραῖς (dative feminine plural)
ἀριστεροῖς (dative neuter plural)
ἀριστερόν (accusative masculine singular)
ἀριστερᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
ἀριστερόν (accusative neuter singular)
ἀριστερώ (accusative dual masculine)
ἀριστερᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ἀριστερώ (accusative dual neuter)
ἀριστερούς (accusative masculine plural)
ἀριστερᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ἀριστερᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ἀριστερέ (masculine singular vocative)
ἀριστερᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
ἀριστερόν (neuter singular vocative)
ἀριστερώ (dual masculine vocative)
ἀριστερᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ἀριστερώ (dual neuter vocative)
ἀριστεροί (masculine plural vocative)
ἀριστεραί (feminine plural vocative)
ἀριστερᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ἀριστερῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ἀριστερώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἀριστερώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: αριστερός (aristerós)

Apparently from ἄριστος (áristos, “best”) + -τερος (-teros, “contrastive suffix”), though the left direction has negative connotations in many cultures and languages, including Greece. According to Chantraine, the suffix -τερος serves to differentiate and create a euphemistic contrast with ἄριστος; an unusual formation. The latter is taken to indicate on the right side in this case, the left side being its literal and metaphorical opposite.


ἐρυθρός

ἐρῠθρός (canonical)
erŭthrós (romanization)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (feminine)
ἐρῠθρόν (neuter)
ἐρῠθρός (masculine nominative singular)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
ἐρῠθρόν (neuter nominative singular)
ἐρῠθρώ (dual masculine nominative)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ἐρῠθρώ (dual neuter nominative)
ἐρῠθροί (masculine nominative plural)
ἐρῠθραί (feminine nominative plural)
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ἐρῠθροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ἐρῠθρᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
ἐρῠθροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ἐρῠθροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ἐρῠθραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ἐρῠθροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ἐρῠθρῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ἐρῠθρῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ἐρῠθρῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ἐρῠθρῷ (dative masculine singular)
ἐρῠθρᾷ (dative feminine singular)
ἐρῠθρῷ (dative neuter singular)
ἐρῠθροῖν (dative dual masculine)
ἐρῠθραῖν (dative dual feminine)
ἐρῠθροῖν (dative dual neuter)
ἐρῠθροῖς (dative masculine plural)
ἐρῠθραῖς (dative feminine plural)
ἐρῠθροῖς (dative neuter plural)
ἐρῠθρόν (accusative masculine singular)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
ἐρῠθρόν (accusative neuter singular)
ἐρῠθρώ (accusative dual masculine)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ἐρῠθρώ (accusative dual neuter)
ἐρῠθρούς (accusative masculine plural)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ἐρῠθρέ (masculine singular vocative)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
ἐρῠθρόν (neuter singular vocative)
ἐρῠθρώ (dual masculine vocative)
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ἐρῠθρώ (dual neuter vocative)
ἐρῠθροί (masculine plural vocative)
ἐρῠθραί (feminine plural vocative)
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ἐρῠθρῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ἐρῠθρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἐρῠθρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ English: erythro-

Greek: ερυθρός (erythrós)

From Proto-Hellenic *erutʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀬𐀲𐀨 (e-ru-ta-ra). Cognates include Russian рёдрый (rjódryj), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, and Proto-Germanic *raudaz (English red). Note that Greek is the only branch to preserve the sound of the laryngeal *h₁ at the beginning of the word, which became ε (e).

ᾰ̓́λλον δ’ ἐνθένδε χρῡσὸν καὶ χᾰλκὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ἠδὲ γῠναῖκᾰς ἐῠ̈ζώνους πολῐόν τε σῐ́δηρον ᾰ̓́ξομαι

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.365–367

From there I will bring more gold and red bronze and fair-girdled women and much iron

ắllon d’ enthénde khrūsòn kaì khălkòn erŭthròn ēdè gŭnaîkăs eŭ̈zṓnous polĭón te sĭ́dēron ắxomai

αὐτᾰ̀ρ ἐγὼ σῖτον καὶ ῠ̔́δωρ καὶ οἶνον ἐρῠθρὸν ἐνθήσω μενοεικέ’

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.165–166

And I'll put satisfying food and water and red wine on [the boat]

autằr egṑ sîton kaì hŭ́dōr kaì oînon erŭthròn enthḗsō menoeiké’

εὑρήσεις δέ με πᾶσῐν ἐπ’ ἔργμᾰσῐν ὥσπερ ᾰ̓́πεφθον χρῡσὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ῐ̓δεῖν τρῑβόμενον βᾰσᾰ́νῳ

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 449–450

You will find me in all my actions like refined gold, red to the eye when rubbed against a touchstone

heurḗseis dé me pâsĭn ep’ érgmăsĭn hṓsper ắpephthon khrūsòn erŭthròn ĭdeîn trībómenon băsắnōi


ἀνθρακιά

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ • (ănthrăkĭā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς); first declension

ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (canonical)
ănthrăkĭā́ (romanization)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐαί (plural vocative)

Greek: ανθρακιά (anthrakiá)

From ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ (ắnthrăx, “charcoal”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, abstract noun suffix).

affix

ὡς ἕτοιμά σοι / ἑφθὰ καὶ ὀπτὰ καὶ ἀνθρακιᾶς ἄπο ⋯ /
χναύειν, βρύκειν, / κρεοκοπεῖν μέλη ξένων
hōs hétoimá soi / hephthà kaì optà kaì anthrakiâs ápo ⋯ /
khnaúein, brúkein, / kreokopeîn mélē xénōn
So that they are ready for you / - boiled and grilled and from a charcoal fire ... /

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 357–359

- to gnaw, tear, / slice-and-dice: the limbs of the guests

Ναὶ δὴ καὶ τὸν (...) ἐπὶ τῆς ἀνθρακιᾶς ὀπτόμενον ἰχθῦν
Naì dḕ kaì tòn (...) epì tês anthrakiâs optómenon ikhthûn

a. AD 893, Photius, Bibliotheca 222.182a

Yes, even (...) fish grilling on a charcoal fire


ἥλιος

grc-noun

ἥλῐος • (hḗlĭos) m (genitive ἡλῐ́ου); second declension

ἥλῐος (canonical)
hḗlĭos (romanization)
ἡλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἥλῐος (nominative singular)
τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸν ἥλῐον (accusative singular)
ἥλῐε (singular vocative)

Greek: ήλιος (ílios)

Italiot Greek: ilio

Mariupol Greek: и́люс (íljus)

→ Sanskrit: हेलि (heli)

From Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic слъньцє (slŭnĭce), Latin sol, Sanskrit सूर (sūra) and सूर्य (sūrya) and स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Persian خور (xwar).


λίθος

λῐ́θος • (lĭ́thos) m (genitive λῐ́θου); second declension

λῐ́θος (canonical)
lĭ́thos (romanization)
λῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λῐ́θος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λῐ́θοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λῐ́θον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λῐ́θους (accusative plural)
λῐ́θε (singular vocative)
λῐ́θω (dual vocative)
λῐ́θοι (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: liti (learned)

→ English: -lite

→ English: -lith

→ English: lith-, litho-

→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)

→⇒ New Latin: lithium (see there for further descendants)

English: lithium

Has been compared to λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”), λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”), Latin laedō (“to strike, hurt”), and Lithuanian slidùs (“slippery, slick”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, noting that words for "stone" are often taken from a substrate language.


Πόντος

grc-proper noun

Πόντος • (Póntos) m (genitive Πόντου); second declension

Póntos (romanization)
Πόντου (genitive)
ὁ Πόντος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Πόντου (genitive singular)
τῷ Πόντῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Πόντον (accusative singular)
Πόντε (singular vocative)

German: Pontos

Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

Pontic Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

→ Latin: Pontus
→ English: Pontus

→ Old Georgian: პონტოჲ (ṗonṭoy)

→ Persian: پنطس (Pontos), بنطس (Bontos)

Ottoman Turkish: پنطس (Pontos)

→ Turkish: Pontos

From πόντος (póntos, “sea”), attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to). Homeric Greek used πόντος (póntos) for any sea but it later began to refer specifically to the Black Sea and then to the Hellenic kingdom on its southeastern shore.


κόκκος

grc-noun

κόκκος • (kókkos) m (genitive κόκκου); second declension

kókkos (romanization)
κόκκου (genitive)
ὁ κόκκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόκκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόκκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόκκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκους (accusative plural)
κόκκε (singular vocative)
κόκκω (dual vocative)
κόκκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόκκος (kókkos)

→ Latin: coccum (see there for further descendants)

→? Albanian: kokë

Uncertain; possibly from Pre-Greek. Potential cognates include Spanish cuesco (“stone (of fruit)”), though this is rejected by Furnee.

insects of the genus Kermes, which live on the oak.


ἄνθραξ

ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension

ánthrax (romanization)
ἄνθρακος (genitive)
ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánthrăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs ánthrăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Czech: anthrax

desc

→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene

→ French: anthrax

→ German: Anthrax

→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)

→ Dutch: antrax

→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс

→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus

→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)

Uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "primitive word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), Old English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).


χλωρός

khlōrós (romanization)
χλωρᾱ́ (feminine)
χλωρόν (neuter)
χλωρός (masculine nominative singular)
χλωρᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
χλωρόν (neuter nominative singular)
χλωρώ (dual masculine nominative)
χλωρᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
χλωρώ (dual neuter nominative)
χλωροί (masculine nominative plural)
χλωραί (feminine nominative plural)
χλωρᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
χλωροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
χλωρᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
χλωροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
χλωροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
χλωραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
χλωροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
χλωρῶν (genitive masculine plural)
χλωρῶν (feminine genitive plural)
χλωρῶν (genitive neuter plural)
χλωρῷ (dative masculine singular)
χλωρᾷ (dative feminine singular)
χλωρῷ (dative neuter singular)
χλωροῖν (dative dual masculine)
χλωραῖν (dative dual feminine)
χλωροῖν (dative dual neuter)
χλωροῖς (dative masculine plural)
χλωραῖς (dative feminine plural)
χλωροῖς (dative neuter plural)
χλωρόν (accusative masculine singular)
χλωρᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
χλωρόν (accusative neuter singular)
χλωρώ (accusative dual masculine)
χλωρᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
χλωρώ (accusative dual neuter)
χλωρούς (accusative masculine plural)
χλωρᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
χλωρᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
χλωρέ (masculine singular vocative)
χλωρᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
χλωρόν (neuter singular vocative)
χλωρώ (dual masculine vocative)
χλωρᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
χλωρώ (dual neuter vocative)
χλωροί (masculine plural vocative)
χλωραί (feminine plural vocative)
χλωρᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
χλωρῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
χλωρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
χλωρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

English: chlorine

Latin: chlorus, Chlorus

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰlōrós, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. Related to χλοερός (khloerós, “verdant”) and χλόη (khlóē, “the green of new growth”).


ἅλς

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (hắls) f (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

ᾰ̔́λς (canonical)
hắls (romanization)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
αἱ ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ταῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)
ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̔λσῐ́, ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν

From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt).


ὕδωρ

grc-noun

ῠ̔́δωρ • (hŭ́dōr) n (genitive ῠ̔́δᾰτος); third declension

ῠ̔́δωρ (canonical)
hŭ́dōr (romanization)
ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔δᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́dăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́dăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
ῠ̔́δωρ (nominative singular)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual nominative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive singular)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
ῠ̔δᾰ́των (genitive plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
hŭ́dăsĭ (dative plural)
hŭ́dăsĭn (dative plural)
hŭdắtessĭ (dative plural)
hŭdắtessĭn (dative plural)
hŭdắtesĭ (dative plural)
hŭdắtesĭn (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (accusative singular)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (accusative dual)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: ύδωρ (ýdor), υδρο- (ydro-), υδρό- (ydró-), υδρ- (ydr-)

Tsakonian: ύο (ýo)

→ English: hydro-

→ French: hydro-

From Proto-Hellenic *údōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), with ω (ō) from the plural), from the root *wed- (whence also ὕω (húō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)). Cognates include Latin unda, Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar /wātar/), Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Old English wæter (English water), and Albanian ujë.


νέφος

grc-noun

νέφος • (néphos) n (genitive νέφεος or νέφους); third declension

néphos (romanization)
νέφεος (genitive)
νέφους (genitive)
τὸ νέφος (nominative singular)
τὼ νέφει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νέφη (nominative plural)
τοῦ νέφους (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νέφει (dative singular)
τοῖν νεφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νέφεσῐ (dative plural)
νέφεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs néphesĭ (dative plural)
toîs néphesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ νέφος (accusative singular)
τὼ νέφει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νέφη (accusative plural)
νέφος (singular vocative)
νέφει (dual vocative)
νέφη (plural vocative)
νέφος (nominative singular)
νέφει (dual nominative)
νέφεε (dual nominative)
νέφεᾰ (nominative plural)
νέφεος (genitive singular)
νέφευς (genitive singular)
νεφέοιν (dual genitive)
νεφέων (genitive plural)
νέφει (dative singular)
νέφεῐ̈ (dative singular)
νεφέοιν (dative dual)
νέφεσσῐν (dative plural)
νεφέεσσῐ (dative plural)
νεφέεσσῐν (dative plural)
νέφεσῐ (dative plural)
νέφεσῐν (dative plural)
néphessĭn (dative plural)
nephéessĭ (dative plural)
nephéessĭn (dative plural)
néphesĭ (dative plural)
néphesĭn (dative plural)
νέφος (accusative singular)
νέφει (accusative dual)
νέφεε (accusative dual)
νέφεᾰ (accusative plural)
νέφος (singular vocative)
νέφει (dual vocative)
νέφεε (dual vocative)
νέφεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νέφεσσῐν, νεφέεσσῐ(ν), νέφεσῐ(ν)

Greek: νέφος n (néfos)

⇒ Greek: σύννεφο (sýnnefo)

→⇒ English: nephology, nephoscope

From Proto-Hellenic *népʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud”). Cognates include νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”), Latin nebula (“fog, cloud”), Proto-Slavic *nebo (“heaven, sky”), Sanskrit नभस् (nábhas, “sky”).


ἀήρ

grc-noun

ᾱ̓ήρ • (āḗr) m (genitive ᾱ̓έρος); third declension

ᾱ̓ήρ (canonical)
āḗr (romanization)
ᾱ̓έρος (genitive)
ὁ ᾱ̓ήρ (nominative singular)
τοῦ ᾱ̓έρος (genitive singular)
τῷ ᾱ̓έρῐ (dative singular)
τὸν ᾱ̓έρᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾱ̓ήρ (singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ήρ (nominative singular)
ἠέρος (genitive singular)
ἠέρῐ (dative singular)
ἠέρᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾱ̓ήρ (singular vocative)

desctree

Greek: αέρας (aéras), αήρ m (aḯr)
→ Aromanian: aerã, erã

→ Aramaic:

Syriac script: ܐܐܪ (ʾāʾar)

→ English: aero-

→ Old Georgian: აერი (aeri)

Georgian: ჰაერი (haeri)

→ Hebrew: אֲוִיר (ʾăwîr)

→ Latin: āēr (see there for further descendants)

Beekes gives Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr (“morning mist”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsḗr, from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). Cognate with αὔρᾱ (aúrā) (< *h₂éwsreh₂), Latin aurōra. The a was lengthened to ā by compensatory lengthening.
Sihler gives Proto-Hellenic *āwḗr (“morning mist”) but provides no further etymology. See Albanian fjur.


πρός

grc-preposition

πρός • (prós) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Greek: προς (pros)

From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).
Equivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.
The genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).

(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward

(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards

expressing direction; expressing motion or direction


αἷμα

grc-noun

αἷμᾰ • (haîmă) n (genitive αἵμᾰτος); third declension

αἷμᾰ (canonical)
haîmă (romanization)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs haímăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs haímăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
haímăsĭ (dative plural)
haímăsĭn (dative plural)
haimắtessĭ (dative plural)
haimắtessĭn (dative plural)
haimắtesĭ (dative plural)
haimắtesĭn (dative plural)
αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: αἷμα (haîma), αἷμαν (haîman), αἷμας (haîmas), γαῖμα (gaîma)

Greek: αίμα (aíma)

Pontic Greek: γαίμα (gaíma)

→ Bulgarian: -емия (-emija)

→ Catalan: -èmia

→ Danish: -æmi

→ German: hämato-, hämat-, -hämie, -ämie

→ English: haemato-, haema-, -aemia, haemal

→ Spanish: -emia

→ French: -émie

→ Irish: -éime

→ Italian: -emia

→ Dutch: -emie

→ Polish: hemato-, -emia (learned)

→ Russian: -емия (-emija)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -емија

Latin script: -emija

Uncertain and contested, as many competing theories exist. One possibility is from Proto-Indo-European *sai- (“thick or viscous liquid”), related to Proto-West Germanic *saim (whence German Seim (“viscous fluid”)), although some sources reject this as phonologically improbable. A different theory relates it to Proto-Indo-European *s(w)okʷós (“plant juice, resin”), which would make it related to ὀπός (opós, “plant juice”). Other suggestions include a relation to Ancient Greek αἰονάω (aionáō, “to moisten”) or to Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to throw, to flow”), thereby making it a doublet of ἧμα (hêma, “projectile”). Finally, a Northwest Semitic borrowing has been posited, related to Aramaic חַיִּים (ḥayyim, “life”), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayím, “life”), Phoenician 𐤇𐤉𐤌 (ḥym, “long life”).


λεγεών

grc-noun

λεγεών • (legeṓn) m (genitive λεγεῶνος); third declension

legeṓn (romanization)
λεγεῶνος (genitive)
ἡ λεγεών (nominative singular)
τὼ λεγεῶνε (dual nominative)
αἱ λεγεῶνες (nominative plural)
τῆς λεγεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεγεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεγεώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ λεγεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεγεώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεγεῶσῐ (dative plural)
λεγεῶσῐν (dative plural)
taîs legeôsĭ (dative plural)
taîs legeôsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λεγεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λεγεῶνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεγεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
λεγεών (singular vocative)
λεγεῶνε (dual vocative)
λεγεῶνες (plural vocative)

Greek: λεγεώνα (legeóna)

→ Aramaic: לגיונא

→ Coptic: ⲗⲉⲅⲉⲱⲛ (legeōn)

→ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍉𐌽 (laigaiōn)


τέκτων

τέκτων • (téktōn) m (genitive τέκτονος); third declension

téktōn (romanization)
τέκτονος (genitive)
ὁ τέκτων (nominative singular)
τὼ τέκτονε (dual nominative)
οἱ τέκτονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέκτονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεκτόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεκτόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέκτονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεκτόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέκτοσῐ (dative plural)
τέκτοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs téktosĭ (dative plural)
toîs téktosĭn (dative plural)
τὸν τέκτονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέκτονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τέκτονᾰς (accusative plural)
τέκτων (singular vocative)
τέκτονε (dual vocative)
τέκτονες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *téktōn, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱō (“carpenter”), from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”). Cognate with Sanskrit तक्षन् (tákṣan).

any craftsman (but generally opposed to metalworker, smith)


δεξιός

δεξῐός (canonical)
dexĭós (romanization)
δεξῐᾱ́ (feminine)
δεξῐόν (neuter)
δεξῐός (masculine nominative singular)
δεξῐᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
δεξῐόν (neuter nominative singular)
δεξῐώ (dual masculine nominative)
δεξῐᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
δεξῐώ (dual neuter nominative)
δεξῐοί (masculine nominative plural)
δεξῐαί (feminine nominative plural)
δεξῐᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
δεξῐοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
δεξῐᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
δεξῐοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
δεξῐοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
δεξῐαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
δεξῐοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
δεξῐῶν (genitive masculine plural)
δεξῐῶν (feminine genitive plural)
δεξῐῶν (genitive neuter plural)
δεξῐῷ (dative masculine singular)
δεξῐᾷ (dative feminine singular)
δεξῐῷ (dative neuter singular)
δεξῐοῖν (dative dual masculine)
δεξῐαῖν (dative dual feminine)
δεξῐοῖν (dative dual neuter)
δεξῐοῖς (dative masculine plural)
δεξῐαῖς (dative feminine plural)
δεξῐοῖς (dative neuter plural)
δεξῐόν (accusative masculine singular)
δεξῐᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
δεξῐόν (accusative neuter singular)
δεξῐώ (accusative dual masculine)
δεξῐᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
δεξῐώ (accusative dual neuter)
δεξῐούς (accusative masculine plural)
δεξῐᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
δεξῐᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
δεξῐέ (masculine singular vocative)
δεξῐᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
δεξῐόν (neuter singular vocative)
δεξῐώ (dual masculine vocative)
δεξῐᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
δεξῐώ (dual neuter vocative)
δεξῐοί (masculine plural vocative)
δεξῐαί (feminine plural vocative)
δεξῐᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
δεξῐῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
δεξῐώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
δεξῐώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: δεξιός (dexiós)

From Proto-Hellenic *deksiwós, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-. Cognate with Sanskrit दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa) and Latin dexter.


γενεά

γενεᾱ́ • (geneā́) f (genitive γενεᾶς); first declension

γενεᾱ́ (canonical)
geneā́ (romanization)
γενεᾶς (genitive)
ἡ γενεᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ γενεᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ γενεαί (nominative plural)
τῆς γενεᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γενεαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γενεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γενεᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γενεαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γενεαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γενεᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ γενεᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γενεᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γενεᾱ́ (singular vocative)
γενεᾱ́ (dual vocative)
γενεαί (plural vocative)

Greek: γενιά (geniá), γενεά (geneá)

→ Latin: genea

Formally it would be from Proto-Hellenic *genehā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁eseh₂, feminine derivation from *ǵénh₁os (whence γένος (génos)), from *ǵenh₁-. Compare εἶδος (eîdos) - ἰδέα (idéa).


μακρός

μᾰκρός (canonical)
măkrós (romanization)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (feminine)
μᾰκρόν (neuter)
μᾰκρός (masculine nominative singular)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
μᾰκρόν (neuter nominative singular)
μᾰκρώ (dual masculine nominative)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
μᾰκρώ (dual neuter nominative)
μᾰκροί (masculine nominative plural)
μᾰκραί (feminine nominative plural)
μᾰκρᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
μᾰκροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
μᾰκρᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
μᾰκροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
μᾰκροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
μᾰκραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
μᾰκροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
μᾰκρῶν (genitive masculine plural)
μᾰκρῶν (feminine genitive plural)
μᾰκρῶν (genitive neuter plural)
μᾰκρῷ (dative masculine singular)
μᾰκρᾷ (dative feminine singular)
μᾰκρῷ (dative neuter singular)
μᾰκροῖν (dative dual masculine)
μᾰκραῖν (dative dual feminine)
μᾰκροῖν (dative dual neuter)
μᾰκροῖς (dative masculine plural)
μᾰκραῖς (dative feminine plural)
μᾰκροῖς (dative neuter plural)
μᾰκρόν (accusative masculine singular)
μᾰκρᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
μᾰκρόν (accusative neuter singular)
μᾰκρώ (accusative dual masculine)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
μᾰκρώ (accusative dual neuter)
μᾰκρούς (accusative masculine plural)
μᾰκρᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
μᾰκρᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
μᾰκρέ (masculine singular vocative)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
μᾰκρόν (neuter singular vocative)
μᾰκρώ (dual masculine vocative)
μᾰκρᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
μᾰκρώ (dual neuter vocative)
μᾰκροί (masculine plural vocative)
μᾰκραί (feminine plural vocative)
μᾰκρᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
μακρῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μακρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μάσσων (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μακρότατος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
μήκιστος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

grc-adecl

μακρότερος, μάσσων

μακρότατος, μήκιστος

English: macro-, macron (via μακρόν (makrón))

Latin: macrochaeta

From Proto-Hellenic *makrós, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós, from *meh₂ḱ- (“to increase”). By surface analysis, μῆκος (mêkos) + -ρός (-rós). Cognates include Latin macer and Old English mæger.


δηνάριον

grc-noun

δηνάριον • (dēnárion) n (genitive δηναρίου); second declension

dēnárion (romanization)
δηναρίου (genitive)
τὸ δηνάριον (nominative singular)
τὼ δηναρίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δηνάριᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δηναρίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δηναρίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δηναρίων (genitive plural)
τῷ δηναρίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δηναρίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δηναρίοις (dative plural)
τὸ δηνάριον (accusative singular)
τὼ δηναρίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δηνάριᾰ (accusative plural)
δηνάριον (singular vocative)
δηναρίω (dual vocative)
δηνάριᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: δηνάριον (dinárion)

→ Romanian: dinar

→ Aramaic: (perhaps through Koine Greek)

Jewish Aramaic: דֵּינָרָא (dēnārā)

desc

→ Old Armenian: դենար (denar), դինար (dinar)

→ Old Georgian: დინარი (dinari)

→ Sanskrit: दीनार (dīnāra)


Ἄρτεμις

grc-proper noun

Ἄρτεμις • (Ártemis) f (genitive Ἀρτέμιδος); third declension

Ártemis (romanization)
Ἀρτέμιδος (genitive)
ἡ Ἄρτεμῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀρτέμῐδος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀρτέμῐδῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀρτέμῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἄρτεμῐν (accusative singular)
Ἄρτεμῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ἀρτέμῐδᾰ, Ἄρτεμῐν

desc

Greek: Άρτεμις (Ártemis), Αρτέμιδα (Artémida), Άρτεμη (Ártemi)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲥ (artemis)

→ Latin: Artemis

→ Old Armenian: Արտեմիս (Artemis)

→ Russian: Артеми́да (Artemída)

Uncertain. Attested from an early date as Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀳𐀖𐀵 (a-te-mi-to) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀴𐀖𐀳 (a-ti-mi-te); this and its alternation of e and i led Beekes and Georgios Babiniotis to suggest the name is from a Pre-Greek substrate. A connection to Anatolian names has also been suggested; Artemis was venerated in Lydia as Artimus. Ancient Greek writers, by way of folk etymology, linked the name (found in Doric as Artamis) to ἄρταμος (ártamos, “butcher”) or ἀρτεμής (artemḗs, “safe, unharmed; pure; maiden”). Others compare Artemis to the Cretan Britomartis, with whom she was syncretized.

(Greek mythology) Artemis, one of the Greek goddesses.

Artemis
Britomartis
Georgios Babiniotis
Lydia Baumbach
Robert S. P. Beekes


παραβολή

grc-noun

παραβολή • (parabolḗ) f (genitive παραβολῆς); first declension

parabolḗ (romanization)
παραβολῆς (genitive)
ἡ πᾰρᾰβολή (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰβολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρᾰβολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρᾰβολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰβολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρᾰβολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρᾰβολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρᾰβολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρᾰβολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰρᾰβολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρᾰβολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρᾰβολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πᾰρᾰβολή (singular vocative)
πᾰρᾰβολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πᾰρᾰβολαί (plural vocative)

Albanian: parabolë

Bulgarian: парабола (parabola)

Czech: parabola

Danish: parabel, parabol

Dutch: parabool

English: parabola, parabole

German: Parabel

Greek: παραβολή (paravolí)

Hindi: परवलय (paravlay)

Hungarian: parabola

→ Latin: parabola (see there for further descendants)

Polish: parabola

Russian: пара́бола f (parábola)

Serbo-Croatian: paràbola

Serbo-Croatian: пара̀бола

Swedish: parabel

Turkish: parabol

Ukrainian: парабола (parabola)

From παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to set side by side”) + -η (-ē).


θέρος

grc-noun

θέρος • (théros) n (genitive θέρους or θέρεος); third declension

théros (romanization)
θέρους (genitive)
θέρεος (genitive)
τὸ θέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θέρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θέρη (nominative plural)
τοῦ θέρους (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θέρει (dative singular)
τοῖν θεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs théresĭ (dative plural)
toîs théresĭn (dative plural)
τὸ θέρος (accusative singular)
τὼ θέρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέρη (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρη (plural vocative)
τὸ θέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θέρει (dual nominative)
θέρεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θέρεος (genitive singular)
θέρευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερέων (genitive plural)
τῷ θέρει (dative singular)
θέρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ théresĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ théresĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὸ θέρος (accusative singular)
τὼ θέρει (accusative dual)
θέρεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρεε (dual vocative)
θέρεᾰ (plural vocative)
θέρος (nominative singular)
θέρει (dual nominative)
θέρεε (dual nominative)
θέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
θέρεος (genitive singular)
θέρευς (genitive singular)
θερέοιν (dual genitive)
θερέων (genitive plural)
θέρει (dative singular)
θέρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
θερέοιν (dative dual)
θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
théresĭ (dative plural)
théresĭn (dative plural)
θέρος (accusative singular)
θέρει (accusative dual)
θέρεε (accusative dual)
θέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρεε (dual vocative)
θέρεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰéros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat; warm weather”, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-os (action noun suffix)).


λευκός

leukós (romanization)
λευκή (feminine)
λευκόν (neuter)
λευκός (masculine nominative singular)
λευκή (feminine nominative singular)
λευκόν (neuter nominative singular)
λευκώ (dual masculine nominative)
λευκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
λευκώ (dual neuter nominative)
λευκοί (masculine nominative plural)
λευκαί (feminine nominative plural)
λευκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
λευκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
λευκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
λευκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
λευκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
λευκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
λευκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
λευκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
λευκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
λευκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
λευκῷ (dative masculine singular)
λευκῇ (dative feminine singular)
λευκῷ (dative neuter singular)
λευκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
λευκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
λευκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
λευκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
λευκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
λευκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
λευκόν (accusative masculine singular)
λευκήν (accusative feminine singular)
λευκόν (accusative neuter singular)
λευκώ (accusative dual masculine)
λευκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
λευκώ (accusative dual neuter)
λευκούς (accusative masculine plural)
λευκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
λευκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
λευκέ (masculine singular vocative)
λευκή (feminine singular vocative)
λευκόν (neuter singular vocative)
λευκώ (dual masculine vocative)
λευκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
λευκώ (dual neuter vocative)
λευκοί (masculine plural vocative)
λευκαί (feminine plural vocative)
λευκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
λευκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
λευκότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
λευκότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

⇒ English: leucodermic, leukemia

Greek: λευκός (lefkós)

Translingual: Alicante or Alacant (Al-Laqant, Lucentum, Leukante, [Akra] Leuka, [Akra] Leuké)

From Proto-Hellenic *leukós, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“white; light; bright”). Cognates include Latin lūx, Sanskrit रोचते (rocate), Old Armenian լոյս (loys) and Old English lēoht (light, noun), whence English light. compare Arabic لهق.


μέλας

μέλᾱς (canonical)
mélās (romanization)
μέλαινᾰ (feminine)
μέλᾰν (neuter)
μέλᾱς (masculine nominative singular)
μέλαινᾰ (feminine nominative singular)
μέλᾰν (neuter nominative singular)
μέλᾰνε (dual masculine nominative)
μελαίνᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
μέλᾰνε (dual neuter nominative)
μέλᾰνες (masculine nominative plural)
μέλαιναι (feminine nominative plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
μέλᾰνος (genitive masculine singular)
μελαίνης (feminine genitive singular)
μέλᾰνος (genitive neuter singular)
μελᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive masculine)
μελαίναιν (dual feminine genitive)
μελᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive neuter)
μελᾰ́νων (genitive masculine plural)
μελαινῶν (feminine genitive plural)
μελᾰ́νων (genitive neuter plural)
μέλᾰνῐ (dative masculine singular)
μελαίνῃ (dative feminine singular)
μέλᾰνῐ (dative neuter singular)
μελᾰ́νοιν (dative dual masculine)
μελαίναιν (dative dual feminine)
μελᾰ́νοιν (dative dual neuter)
μέλᾰσῐ (dative masculine plural)
μέλᾰσῐν (dative masculine plural)
mélăsĭ (dative masculine plural)
mélăsĭn (dative masculine plural)
μελαίναις (dative feminine plural)
μέλᾰσῐ (dative neuter plural)
μέλᾰσῐν (dative neuter plural)
mélăsĭ (dative neuter plural)
mélăsĭn (dative neuter plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (accusative masculine singular)
μέλαινᾰν (accusative feminine singular)
μέλᾰν (accusative neuter singular)
μέλᾰνε (accusative dual masculine)
μελαίνᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
μέλᾰνε (accusative dual neuter)
μέλᾰνᾰς (accusative masculine plural)
μελαίνᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
μέλᾰν (masculine singular vocative)
μέλαινᾰ (feminine singular vocative)
μέλᾰν (neuter singular vocative)
μέλᾰνε (dual masculine vocative)
μελαίνᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
μέλᾰνε (dual neuter vocative)
μέλᾰνες (masculine plural vocative)
μέλαιναι (feminine plural vocative)
μέλᾰνᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
μελᾰ́νως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰ́ντερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰ́ντᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
μελαινότατος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
μέλᾱς (masculine nominative singular)
μέλαινᾰ (feminine nominative singular)
μέλᾰν (neuter nominative singular)
μέλᾰνε (dual masculine nominative)
μελαίνᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
μέλᾰνε (dual neuter nominative)
μέλᾰνες (masculine nominative plural)
μέλαιναι (feminine nominative plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
μέλᾰνος (genitive masculine singular)
μελαίνης (feminine genitive singular)
μέλᾰνος (genitive neuter singular)
μελᾰ́νοιῐν (dual genitive masculine)
μελαίναιν (dual feminine genitive)
μελαίναιῐν (dual feminine genitive)
μελαίνῃῐν (dual feminine genitive)
melaínain (dual feminine genitive)
melaínaiĭn (dual feminine genitive)
melaínēiĭn (dual feminine genitive)
μελᾰ́νοιῐν (dual genitive neuter)
μελᾰ́νων (genitive masculine plural)
μελαινᾱ́ων (feminine genitive plural)
μελαινέ͜ων (feminine genitive plural)
μελαινῶν (feminine genitive plural)
μελᾰ́νων (genitive neuter plural)
μέλᾰνῐ (dative masculine singular)
μελαίνῃ (dative feminine singular)
μέλᾰνῐ (dative neuter singular)
μελᾰ́νοιῐν (dative dual masculine)
μελαίναιν (dative dual feminine)
μελαίναιῐν (dative dual feminine)
μελαίνῃῐν (dative dual feminine)
melaínain (dative dual feminine)
melaínaiĭn (dative dual feminine)
melaínēiĭn (dative dual feminine)
μελᾰ́νοιῐν (dative dual neuter)
μέλᾰσῐ (dative masculine plural)
μέλᾰσῐν (dative masculine plural)
μελᾰ́νεσσῐ (dative masculine plural)
μελᾰ́νεσσῐν (dative masculine plural)
μελᾰ́νεσῐ (dative masculine plural)
μελᾰ́νεσῐν (dative masculine plural)
mélăsĭ (dative masculine plural)
mélăsĭn (dative masculine plural)
melắnessĭ (dative masculine plural)
melắnessĭn (dative masculine plural)
melắnesĭ (dative masculine plural)
melắnesĭn (dative masculine plural)
μελαίνῃσῐ (dative feminine plural)
μελαίνῃσῐν (dative feminine plural)
μελαίνῃς (dative feminine plural)
μελαίναις (dative feminine plural)
melaínēisĭ (dative feminine plural)
melaínēisĭn (dative feminine plural)
melaínēis (dative feminine plural)
melaínais (dative feminine plural)
μέλᾰσῐ (dative neuter plural)
μέλᾰσῐν (dative neuter plural)
μελᾰ́νεσσῐ (dative neuter plural)
μελᾰ́νεσσῐν (dative neuter plural)
μελᾰ́νεσῐ (dative neuter plural)
μελᾰ́νεσῐν (dative neuter plural)
mélăsĭ (dative neuter plural)
mélăsĭn (dative neuter plural)
melắnessĭ (dative neuter plural)
melắnessĭn (dative neuter plural)
melắnesĭ (dative neuter plural)
melắnesĭn (dative neuter plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (accusative masculine singular)
μέλαινᾰν (accusative feminine singular)
μέλᾰν (accusative neuter singular)
μέλᾰνε (accusative dual masculine)
μελαίνᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
μέλᾰνε (accusative dual neuter)
μέλᾰνᾰς (accusative masculine plural)
μελαίνᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
μέλᾰνᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
μέλᾰν (masculine singular vocative)
μέλαινᾰ (feminine singular vocative)
μέλᾰν (neuter singular vocative)
μέλᾰνε (dual masculine vocative)
μελαίνᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
μέλᾰνε (dual neuter vocative)
μέλᾰνες (masculine plural vocative)
μέλαιναι (feminine plural vocative)
μέλᾰνᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
μελᾰ́νως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰ́ντερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μελᾰ́ντᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
μελαινότατος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

grc-adecl

μελᾰ́ντερος, μελᾰνώτερος

μελᾰ́ντᾰτος, μελαινότατος

μελᾰ́ντερος, μελᾰνώτερος

μελᾰ́ντᾰτος, μελαινότατος

Greek: μελανός (melanós)

→ English: mela-, melano-, melas

From Proto-Hellenic *mélās, from a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-.
The feminine -αινα (-aina) originates from *-ih₂; see -ια (-ia) Cognates include Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian melns, Old Prussian melne and Lithuanian mėlynas (which changed the meaning to "blue").

ἐν δέ οἱ ἀσκὸν ἔθηκε θεᾱ̀ μέλανος (ϝ)οἴνοιο
en dé hoi askòn éthēke theā̀ mélanos (w)oínoio

On [the raft] the goddess put a skin of dark wine.

dark in color; sometimes so dark as to lack color, black


Ἑρμῆς

grc-proper noun

Ἑρμῆς • (Hermês) m (genitive Ἑρμοῦ); first declension

Hermês (romanization)
Ἑρμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἑρμῆς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἑρμῇ (dative singular)
Ἑρμέᾳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἑρμῆν (accusative singular)
Ἑρμῆ (singular vocative)
Ἑρμῆς (nominative singular)
Ἑρμοῦ (genitive singular)
Ἑρμέω (genitive singular)
Ἑρμῇ (dative singular)
Ἑρμέᾳ (dative singular)
Ἑρμῆν (accusative singular)
Ἑρμέην (accusative singular)
Ἑρμῆ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

The accusative singular <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">Ἑρμῆ</i> (Hermê) is found in the later language

Ἑρμοῦ, Ἑρμέω

Ἑρμῆν, Ἑρμέην

→ Coptic: ⲉⲣⲙⲏⲥ (ermēs)

Greek: Ερμής (Ermís)

→ Latin: Hermēs

→ English: Hermes

→ French: Hermès

→ Spanish: Hermes

desctree

→ Old Armenian: Հերմէս (Hermēs)
Armenian: Հերմես (Hermes)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: Ермисъ (Ermisŭ), Ермии (Ermii)

→ Russian: Герме́с (Germés)

Uncertain origin; usually linked to ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones”), itself of non-Indo-European substrate origin or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀔𐁀 (e-ma-ha).


Ῥωμαῖος

grc-noun

Ῥωμαῖος • (Rhōmaîos) m (genitive Ῥωμαίου); second declension

Rhōmaîos (romanization)
Ῥωμαίου (genitive)
ὁ Ῥωμαῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ῥωμαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ῥωμαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ῥωμαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ῥωμαῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ῥωμαίους (accusative plural)
Ῥωμαῖε (singular vocative)
Ῥωμαίω (dual vocative)
Ῥωμαῖοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Ρωμιός (Romiós, “(Byzantine) Greek”), Ρωμιοί pl (Romioí); Ρωμαίος (Romaíos, “Roman”), Ρωμαίοι pl (Romaíoi)

Mariupol Greek: руме́юс (rumjéjus)

→ Arabic: رُوم (rūm)

→ Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ (rōmeos)

→ English: Rhomaian

→ Late Latin: Rōmaeus, Rōmaei pl

Italo-Romance:

Italian: romeo

Sicilian: Rumìu, Rumeu

Padanian:

Piedmontese: romé, romèj

Northern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Franco-Provençal: romeâjo

→? Piedmontese: rumiagi

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: romeu

Occitan: romiu, romieu

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Leonese: romío

Old Galician-Portuguese: romeu

→ Galician: romeiro (semi-learned)

→ Portuguese: romeiro (semi-learned)

Old Spanish: romeo

→ Spanish: romero (semi-learned)

→ Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāy-īg)

հռովմայ-ական

→ Old Armenian: հռովմայ-ական (hṙovmay-akan), հռովմայ-եցի (hṙovmay-ecʻi)

Armenian: հռոմեական (hṙomeakan), հռոմեացի (hṙomeacʻi)

→ Sogdian: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫗 (βrʾwmʾyʾn /frōmāyān/, “Roman, Byzantine”)

From Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

suffix

(in the Byzantine Empire) a citizen of the Byzantine Empire

(in the Byzantine Empire, after the Great Schism) an Eastern Orthodox Christian


βροντή

grc-noun

βροντή • (brontḗ) f (genitive βροντῆς); first declension

brontḗ (romanization)
βροντῆς (genitive)
ἡ βροντή (nominative singular)
τὼ βροντᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βρονταί (nominative plural)
τῆς βροντῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρονταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βροντῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βροντῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρονταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βρονταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βροντήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βροντᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βροντᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βροντή (singular vocative)
βροντᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βρονταί (plural vocative)

Greek: βροντή (vrontí)


Πλούτων

grc-proper noun

Πλούτων • (Ploútōn) m (genitive Πλούτωνος); third declension

Ploútōn (romanization)
Πλούτωνος (genitive)
ὁ Πλούτων (nominative singular)
τοῦ Πλούτωνος (genitive singular)
τῷ Πλούτωνῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Πλούτωνᾰ (accusative singular)
Πλούτων (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: Πλούτων (Ploúton), Πλούτωνας (Ploútonas)

→ Armenian: Պլուտոն (Pluton)

→ Irish: Plútón

→ Japanese: プルートーン

→ Latin: Plūtō, Plūtōn

French: Pluton

Galician: Plutón

Italian: Plutone

Norman: Pliuton (Jersey)

Portuguese: Plutão

Spanish: Plutón

→ Czech: Pluto, Plutone

→ Dutch: Pluto

→ English: Pluto

→ Hindi: प्लूटो (plūṭo)

→ Swahili: Pluto

→ Thai: พลูโต (pluu-dtoo)

→ Finnish: Pluto

→ German: Pluto

→ Japanese: プルートー

→ Tatar: Pluto

→ Macedonian: Плутон (Pluton)

→ Polish: Pluton

→ Russian: Плуто́н (Plutón)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Plùtōn, Плу̀то̄н

→ Slovene: Plȗton

→ Turkmen: Plüton

→ Yiddish: פּלוטאָ (pluto)

→ Esperanto: Plutono

πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches”) + -ων (-ōn, Hoffmann suffix)

affix

(Greek mythology) Hades, the god of the underworld.


ξανθός

ξᾰνθός (canonical)
xănthós (romanization)
ξᾰνθή (feminine)
ξᾰνθόν (neuter)
ξᾰνθός (masculine nominative singular)
ξᾰνθή (feminine nominative singular)
ξᾰνθόν (neuter nominative singular)
ξᾰνθώ (dual masculine nominative)
ξᾰνθᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ξᾰνθώ (dual neuter nominative)
ξᾰνθοί (masculine nominative plural)
ξᾰνθαί (feminine nominative plural)
ξᾰνθᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ξᾰνθοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ξᾰνθῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ξᾰνθοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ξᾰνθοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ξᾰνθαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ξᾰνθοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ξᾰνθῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ξᾰνθῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ξᾰνθῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ξᾰνθῷ (dative masculine singular)
ξᾰνθῇ (dative feminine singular)
ξᾰνθῷ (dative neuter singular)
ξᾰνθοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ξᾰνθαῖν (dative dual feminine)
ξᾰνθοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ξᾰνθοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ξᾰνθαῖς (dative feminine plural)
ξᾰνθοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ξᾰνθόν (accusative masculine singular)
ξᾰνθήν (accusative feminine singular)
ξᾰνθόν (accusative neuter singular)
ξᾰνθώ (accusative dual masculine)
ξᾰνθᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ξᾰνθώ (accusative dual neuter)
ξᾰνθούς (accusative masculine plural)
ξᾰνθᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ξᾰνθᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ξᾰνθέ (masculine singular vocative)
ξᾰνθή (feminine singular vocative)
ξᾰνθόν (neuter singular vocative)
ξᾰνθώ (dual masculine vocative)
ξᾰνθᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ξᾰνθώ (dual neuter vocative)
ξᾰνθοί (masculine plural vocative)
ξᾰνθαί (feminine plural vocative)
ξᾰνθᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ξᾰνθῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ξᾰνθότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ξᾰνθότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: ξανθός (xanthós)

Unknown. There are at least two possibilities:
# Derived from Proto-Indo-European, through augmented *ḱsendʰ-, from root *ḱas- (“white, blond, grey”). If this is correct, then this word is akin to Latin cānus (“white”), from Proto-Italic *kaznos;
# Of Pre-Greek origin, according to Beekes, which deems the comparison with Latin as gratuitous. Compare also Ancient Greek ξουθός (xouthós, “golden yellow”).
Moreover, the often asserted connection with Etruscan 𐌆𐌀𐌌𐌈𐌉𐌂 (zamθic, “golden”) is probably spurious.

cog

ξάνθαι δ’ Ἐλέναι σ’ ἐίσ[κ]ην
οὖδεν ἄεικες
xánthai d’ Elénai s’ eís[k]ēn

630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Papyrus Fragments 23

Comparing you to golden Helen
is not at all inappropriate

fair, blond, flaxen, tawny, a golden-red fawn (of hair)


νεφέλη

grc-noun

νεφέλη • (nephélē) f (genitive νεφέλης); first declension

nephélē (romanization)
νεφέλης (genitive)
ἡ νεφέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ νεφέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νεφέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νεφέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεφέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεφελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νεφέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεφέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νεφέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν νεφέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ νεφέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νεφέλᾱς (accusative plural)
νεφέλη (singular vocative)
νεφέλᾱ (dual vocative)
νεφέλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: νεφέλη (neféli)

From Proto-Indo-European *nebʰ-el-h₂ (“cloud”). Related to νέφος (néphos, “cloud”), Latin nebula (“fog, cloud”).


ψηφοφορία

ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ • (psēphophorĭ́ā) f (genitive ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
psēphophorĭ́ā (romanization)
ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψηφοφορῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψηφοφορῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψηφοφορῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψηφοφορῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψηφοφορῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψηφοφορῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ψηφοφορῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ψηφοφορῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ψηφοφόρος (psēphophóros, “voter”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).


γλῶσσα

grc-noun

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssă) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension

γλῶσσᾰ (canonical)
glôssă (romanization)
γλώσσης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσέων (genitive plural)
γλωσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ (dative plural)
γλώσσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ glṓssēisĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ glṓssēisĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶσσᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γλώσσᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γλωσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γλώσσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώσσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γλώσσᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλώσσᾱ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)

Inherited

Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)

Italiot Greek: glossa

Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)

Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

Borrowed

→ English: glossa

desctree

→ Latin: glossa, glōsa, gloss. (abbreviation)
→ Catalan: glossa
→ Middle English: glosse
English: gloss
→ Middle High German: glōse
German: Glosse
Italian: chiosa, → glossa
→ Old French: glose
Middle French: glose
French: glose
→ Czech: glosa
→ Old Irish: glúas
Middle Irish: glúais
Irish: gluais
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
Portuguese: glosa
→ Old Spanish: glosa
Spanish: glosa
→ Polish: glosa
→ Romanian: glosă

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) + -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.

der

Anything shaped like the tongue:
(music) The mouthpiece of a pipe.

Anything shaped like the tongue:
The mouthpiece of a pipe.


πράσινος

πράσῐνος (canonical)
prásĭnos (romanization)
πρᾰσίνη (feminine)
πράσῐνον (neuter)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (masculine nominative singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νη (feminine nominative singular)
πρᾰ́σῐνον (neuter nominative singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (dual masculine nominative)
πρᾰσῐ́νᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (dual neuter nominative)
πρᾰ́σῐνοι (masculine nominative plural)
πρᾰ́σῐναι (feminine nominative plural)
πρᾰ́σῐνᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νου (genitive masculine singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νης (feminine genitive singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νου (genitive neuter singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νοιν (dual genitive masculine)
πρᾰσῐ́ναιν (dual feminine genitive)
πρᾰσῐ́νοιν (dual genitive neuter)
πρᾰσῐ́νων (genitive masculine plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νων (feminine genitive plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νων (genitive neuter plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νῳ (dative masculine singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νῃ (dative feminine singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νῳ (dative neuter singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νοιν (dative dual masculine)
πρᾰσῐ́ναιν (dative dual feminine)
πρᾰσῐ́νοιν (dative dual neuter)
πρᾰσῐ́νοις (dative masculine plural)
πρᾰσῐ́ναις (dative feminine plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νοις (dative neuter plural)
πρᾰ́σῐνον (accusative masculine singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νην (accusative feminine singular)
πρᾰ́σῐνον (accusative neuter singular)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (accusative dual masculine)
πρᾰσῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (accusative dual neuter)
πρᾰσῐ́νους (accusative masculine plural)
πρᾰσῐ́νᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
πρᾰ́σῐνᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
πρᾰ́σῐνε (masculine singular vocative)
πρᾰσῐ́νη (feminine singular vocative)
πρᾰ́σῐνον (neuter singular vocative)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (dual masculine vocative)
πρᾰσῐ́νᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
πρᾰσῐ́νω (dual neuter vocative)
πρᾰ́σῐνοι (masculine plural vocative)
πρᾰ́σῐναι (feminine plural vocative)
πρᾰ́σῐνᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
πρᾰσῐ́νως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
πρᾰσῐνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
πρᾰσῐνώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

desctree

→ Latin: prasinus
English: prasine, prasinous

From πράσον (práson, “leek”) + -ινος (-inos).


τίτυρος

grc-noun

τῑ́τῠρος • (tī́tŭros) m (genitive τῑτῠ́ρου); second declension

τῑ́τῠρος (canonical)
tī́tŭros (romanization)
τῑτῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ τῑ́τῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῑτῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
τοὶ τῑ́τῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῑτῠ́ροιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῑτῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῑτῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῑτῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῑτῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῑτῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν τῑ́τῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῑτῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῑτῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
τῑ́τῠρε (singular vocative)
τῑτῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
τῑ́τῠροι (plural vocative)

Furnée compares διθύραμβος (dithúrambos, “dithyramb”), which would contain a variant ot this word, with a suffix -αμβος. Previous proposals include connection with synonymous σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyr”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) by Solmsen. This is rejected by Nehring, who considers both words to be loans from Asia Minor. Deroy connects the suffix -τυρος with ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”). According to Beekes, the word is Pre-Greek.


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trắgos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trắgos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trắgō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

(astronomy) One of the constellations of the δωδεκᾰ́ωρος (dōdekắōros).


ἄρκτος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ρκτος • (ắrktos) f (genitive ᾰ̓́ρκτου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ρκτος (canonical)
ắrktos (romanization)
ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́ρκτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρκτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́ρκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́ρκτοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́ρκτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́ρκτους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρκτε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (plural vocative)

→ English: Arcturus

desc

Greek: άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda)

→ Latin: arctus, Arctos, Arctus, Arctūrus

Pontic Greek: άρκος (árkos)

Translingual: Ursus arctos, Ursus arctos horribilis

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognates include Latin ursus, Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa), Old Armenian արջ (arǰ), and Albanian ari. The meaning of “north” derives from Ἄρκτος (Árktos, “Ursa Major”), because the constellation is in the northern part of the sky.


γαλαξίας

grc-noun

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς • (gălăxĭ́ās) m (genitive γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου); first declension

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
gălăxĭ́ās (romanization)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰξῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλᾰξῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: γαλαξίας m (galaxías)

desctree

→ Latin: galaxias f
⇒ Medieval Latin: galaxia f
→ German: Galaxie f
→ Italian: galassia f
→ Old French: galaxie
Middle French: galaxie
French: galaxie f
→ Middle English: galaxye, galaxie
English: galaxy

→ Latin: Via Lactea f sg (calque)
French: Voie lactée, voie lactée
Galician: Vía Láctea
Italian: Via Lattea
Portuguese: Via Láctea
Spanish: Vía Láctea
→ Middle English: Milky Wey (calque)
English: Milky Way

From γᾰ́λᾰ (gắlă, “milk”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-ĭ́ās). Originally an adjective.

af

γᾰ́λᾰ (gắlă, “milk”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-ĭ́ās)

the Milky Way galaxy (with implied κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, sphere”))


γάλα

grc-noun

γᾰ́λᾰ • (gắlă) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

γᾰ́λᾰ (canonical)
gắlă (romanization)
γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive)
γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gắlăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs gắlăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰῐν (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gắlăĭ (dative plural)
toîs gắlăĭn (dative plural)
gắlăxĭ (dative plural)
gắlăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)

Greek: γάλα (gála)

Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite.
The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.


χρυσός

grc-noun

χρῡσός • (khrūsós) m (genitive χρῡσοῦ); second declension

χρῡσός (canonical)
khrūsós (romanization)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσός (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)
χρῡσός (nominative singular)
χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖο (genitive singular)
χρῡσόο (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dual genitive)
χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dative dual)
χρῡσοῖσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖσῐν (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
khrūsoîsĭ (dative plural)
khrūsoîsĭn (dative plural)
khrūsoîs (dative plural)
χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χρυσός (chrysós)

Mariupol Greek: хурсо́ (xursó) (as if from a neuter noun)

→ Latin: chrȳsos

Borrowed from a Semitic source, usually assumed to be Phoenician/Punic; compare Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤑 (ḥrṣ), Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥārûṣ), Akkadian 𒆬𒄀 (ḫurāṣum), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀬𐀰 (ku-ru-so).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.22


Ἄρκτος

grc-proper noun

Ἄρκτος • (Árktos) f (genitive Ἄρκτου); second declension

Árktos (romanization)
Ἄρκτου (genitive)
ὁ Ᾰ̓́ρκτος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ᾰ̓́ρκτων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ᾰ̓́ρκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ᾰ̓́ρκτοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ᾰ̓́ρκτον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ᾰ̓́ρκτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ᾰ̓́ρκτους (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓́ρκτε (singular vocative)
Ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual vocative)
Ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Άρκτος (Árktos)


θεῖον

grc-noun

θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension

theîon (romanization)
θείου (genitive)
τὸ θεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ θείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θείων (genitive plural)
τῷ θείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θείοις (dative plural)
τὸ θεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ θείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
θεῖον (singular vocative)
θείω (dual vocative)
θεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

From earlier θέειον (théeion), *θέϝειον (*théweion). Usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”), implying an original meaning of "fumigant", the same root as θυμιάω (thumiáō, “to burn, smoke”).

der

ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξῆλθεν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων, ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπώλεσεν πάντας.

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 17:29

And on the day that Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from the heavens and destroyed everyone.

hêi dè hēmérāi exêlthen Lṑt apò Sodómōn, ébrexen pûr kaì theîon ap’ ouranoû kaì apṓlesen pántas.


φοῖνιξ

grc-noun

φοῖνῐξ • (phoînĭx) m (genitive φοίνῑκος); third declension

φοῖνῐξ (canonical)
phoînĭx (romanization)
φοίνῑκος (genitive)
ὁ φοῖνῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ φοίνῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φοίνῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φοινῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φοίνῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φοίνῑξῐ (dative plural)
φοίνῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxĭ (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν φοίνῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φοίνῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
φοῖνῐξ (singular vocative)
φοίνῑκε (dual vocative)
φοίνῑκες (plural vocative)

Greek: φοίνικας (foínikas)

→ Latin: phoenīx

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փիւնիկ (pʻiwnik), փիւնիկս (pʻiwniks), փիւնիկոս (pʻiwnikos), փիւնիքս (pʻiwnikʻs), փոնիքս (pʻonikʻs)
→ Armenian: փյունիկ (pʻyunik) (learned)
→ Old Georgian: ფუვინკაჲ (puvinḳay)

→ Old Georgian: ფჳნიქსი (pwiniksi)

The etymology surrounding all senses remains somewhat unclear. The fact that the dye came exclusively from Phoenicia assures some connection. However, it is unclear if it comes from native Greek or is a Phoenician loanword. The relationship in the sense of "mythical bird" and Egyptian bnw (“phoenix, Bennu bird”) is clear, but some have argued for a Semitic source (possibly Phoenician), perhaps related to the "dye" sense and the bird's red plumage. It has been argued both that the name of the tree derives from the bird and vice versa; it may be significant that Egyptian bnw can also mean both a mythical bird and the fruit of the date tree. Regardless of the etymology, the word traces back to the Mycenaean era, as evidenced by 𐀡𐀛𐀐 (po-ni-ke) and 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀠 (po-ni-ki-pi) (most likely date palm). Compare Hebrew פֻּוָּ֕ה (puw·wā, “a clan's name”) and Arabic فُوَّه (fuwwah, “madder”), a plant whose root yields purple-red dye.

cog

(mythology) phoenix, the mythical bird derived from Egyptian mythology

(music) A guitar-like instrument invented by the Phoenicians


χάλαζα

grc-noun

χᾰ́λαζᾰ • (khắlază) f (genitive χᾰλάζης); first declension

χᾰ́λαζᾰ (canonical)
khắlază (romanization)
χᾰλάζης (genitive)
ἡ χᾰ́λαζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλάζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰ́λαζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλάζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλάζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλαζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλάζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλάζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλάζαις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰ́λαζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλάζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλάζᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́λαζᾰ (singular vocative)
χᾰλάζᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰ́λαζαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d- (“hail; hoarfrost”). Cognate with Persian ژاله (žâle, “hail”).


Κέρβερος

grc-proper noun

Κέρβερος • (Kérberos) m (genitive Κερβέρου); second declension

Kérberos (romanization)
Κερβέρου (genitive)
ὁ Κέρβερος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Κερβέρου (genitive singular)
τῷ Κερβέρῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Κέρβερον (accusative singular)
Κέρβερε (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: Cerberus
Catalan: Cèrber
English: Cerberus
French: Cerbère
German: Zerberus
Italian: Cerbero
Polish: Cerber
Portuguese: Cérbero
Romanian: Cerber
Serbo-Croatian: Kerber
Spanish: Cerbero

Unknown. Suggested to be cognate with Sanskrit शबल (śabala), कर्बुर (karbura, “speckled, spotted”), from Late Proto-Indo-European *ḱerbero- (“dappled, spotted”) (perhaps compare Spot as a popular dog's name in English), but this is phonetically problematic and is rejected by Beekes.

der

Cerberus, the three-headed dog which guards the entrance to Hades


ἀψίνθιον

grc-noun

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension

apsínthion (romanization)
ἀψινθίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀψινθίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀψινθίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀψινθίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀψινθίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀψίνθιον (singular vocative)
ἀψινθίω (dual vocative)
ἀψίνθιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)

desctree

أَفْسِنْتِين

→ Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
→ Persian: افسنتین
→ Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
→ Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
→ Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)

→ Aramaic:

Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)

Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)

Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)

→ Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).


δράκων

grc-noun

δρᾰ́κων • (drắkōn) m (genitive δρᾰ́κοντος); third declension

δρᾰ́κων (canonical)
drắkōn (romanization)
δρᾰ́κοντος (genitive)
ὁ δρᾰ́κων (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ δρᾰ́κοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρᾰ́κοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρᾰ́κοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρᾰ́κουσῐ (dative plural)
δρᾰ́κουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs drắkousĭ (dative plural)
toîs drắkousĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δρᾰ́κοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰ́κοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρᾰ́κοντᾰς (accusative plural)
δρᾰ́κον (singular vocative)
δρᾰ́κοντε (dual vocative)
δρᾰ́κοντες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: δράκος (drákos)

desc

Greek: δράκος (drákos), δράκοντας (drákontas)

Mariupol Greek: дъра́кус (ðrákus)

→ Classical Syriac: ܕܪܩܘܢܐ

→ Armenian: դրակոն (drakon)

→ Belarusian: дракон (drakón)

→ Bulgarian: дракон (drakon)

→ Coptic: ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ (drakōn)

→ Georgian: დრაკონი (draḳoni)

→ Hebrew: דרקון (drakon)

→ Latin: dracō (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: дракон (drakon)

desctree

→ Russian: дракон (drakon), драко́нъ (drakón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: дракон (drakon)

→ Ukrainian: дракон (drakon)

Traditionally related to δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “to see”) with the literal meaning of “one who stares” or, alternatively, “sharp-sighted”.
With stem drakont- for drakon- (influenced by the present participle), as revealed by the feminine δράκαινα (drákaina).


Σείριος

grc-proper noun

Σείρῐος • (Seírĭos) m (genitive Σειρίου); second declension

Σείρῐος (canonical)
Seírĭos (romanization)
Σειρίου (genitive)
ὁ Σείριος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Σειρίου (genitive singular)
τῷ Σειρίῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Σείριον (accusative singular)
Σείριε (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: Sīrius
→ Afrikaans: Sirius
→⇒ Arabic: اَلشِّعْرَى (aš-šiʕrā), الشِّعْرَى الْيَمَانِيَّة (aš-šiʕrā l-yamāniyya)
→ Armenian: Սիրիուս (Sirius)
→ Catalan: Sírius
→ Czech: Sirius
→ Dutch: Sirius
→ Esperanto: Siriuso
→ Estonian: Siirius
→ Faroese: Sirius
→ Finnish: Sirius
→ French: Sirius
→ Georgian: სირიუსი (siriusi)
→ German: Sirius
→ Indonesian: Sirius
→ Italian: Sirio
→ Japanese: シリウス (Shiriusu)
→ Korean: 시리우스 (siriuseu)
→ Latvian: Sīriuss
→ Lithuanian: Sirijus
→ Malay: Sirius
→ Polish: Syriusz
→ Portuguese: Sírio
→ Romanian: Sirius
→ Russian: Си́риус (Sírius)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: Сиријус
Roman: Sirius
→ Spanish: Sirio
→ Swedish: Sirius
→ Thai: ซิริอุส, ⇒ ดาวซิริอุส
→ Turkish: Sirius
→ Ukrainian: Сіріус (Sirius)
→ Vietnamese: Sirius
→ Welsh: Siriws

Assuming an original meaning "sparkling, flickering", the word has been connected with σείω (seíō, “to shake”), which is compared to a verb "to be excited, sparkle, gleam" in Sanskrit त्विष् (tviṣ, “brilliance, glitter”), त्वेष (tveṣa, “vehement; brilliant”) and especially Avestan 𐬚𐬡𐬌𐬯𐬭𐬀 (θβisra, “glitter”). The basis for the Greek form would then be *tweys-ro- or *twis-ro-. Furnée compares τίριος (tírios, “Cretan word for summer”); if correct the word could be Pre-Greek.


Ὠκεανός

grc-proper noun

Ὠκεᾰνός • (Ōkeănós) m (genitive Ὠκεᾰνοῦ); second declension

Ὠκεᾰνός (canonical)
Ōkeănós (romanization)
Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ὠκεᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ὠκεᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ὠκεᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ὠκεᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ὠκεᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Ὠκεᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ὠκεᾰνούς (accusative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (plural vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνός (nominative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual nominative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (nominative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖο (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνόο (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν (dual genitive)
Ὠκεᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
Ὠκεᾰνῷ (dative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν (dative dual)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
Ōkeănoîsĭ (dative plural)
Ōkeănoîsĭn (dative plural)
Ōkeănoîs (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνόν (accusative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (accusative dual)
Ὠκεᾰνούς (accusative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: ocean, Ocean, Oceanus, Okeanos

Greek: Ωκεανός (Okeanós)

desctree

→ Latin: Ōceanus, Ōcianus (Old Latin)
French: Océan
Italian: Oceano
Portuguese: Oceano
Sicilian: Ucìanu

→ Russian: океа́н (okeán)

→ Turkish: Okyanus

desc

أُوقْيَانُوس

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

→ Arabic: قاموس

Uncertain, though generally acknowledged to be a non-Indo-European substrate loan, with Beekes noting that the concept of a "world-river" is not native to Indo-European mythology. A possible relationship with the Semitic root ʕ-w-g (“to be crooked, tortuous”) has been discussed. Another possibility includes a derivation from unattested Sumerian *A-ki-an(u) (Water of the Land and Heaven).
Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek form *ūkʲān-. Michael Janda has reminded the scientific community of an earlier comparison with the Vedic dragon Vṛtra's attribute āśáyāna- “lying on [the waters]”, claiming it to be an exact phonetical transposition of the Greek word, both stemming from Proto-Indo-European *ō-ḱey-m̥[h₁]no- (“lying on”), related to κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie”).

der

Oceanus, a Greek water god usually said to be a Titan, one of the sons of Uranus and Gaia.


Πάν

grc-proper noun

Πᾱ́ν • (Pā́n) m (genitive Πᾱνός); third declension

Πᾱ́ν (canonical)
Pā́n (romanization)
Πᾱνός (genitive)
ὁ Πᾱ́ν (nominative singular)
τοῦ Πᾱνός (genitive singular)
τῷ Πᾱνῐ́ (dative singular)
τὸν Πᾶνᾰ (accusative singular)
Πᾱ́ν (singular vocative)

Greek: Πάνας (Pánas)

Latin: Pan

Polish: Pan

Russian: Пан (Pan)

In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, it is claimed that Πάν (Pán) derives from πᾶν (pân), neuter nominative singular of πᾶς (pâs, “every”) because “he delighted all”, but the stems differ (cf. gen. πάντος vs. Πάνος).
Alternatively, the deity may be of Indo-European origin; see Sanskrit पूषन् (pūṣan, “Pushan, literally ‘nourisher’”), a Vedic god associated with guarding and multiplying cattle, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂-us-ōn from *peh₂-.

(Greek mythology) Pan, the Greek god of shepherds and nature


Ἀρκτοῦρος

Ᾰ̓ρκτοῦρος • (Ărktoûros) m (genitive Ᾰ̓ρκτούρου); second declension

Ᾰ̓ρκτοῦρος (canonical)
Ărktoûros (romanization)
Ᾰ̓ρκτούρου (genitive)
ὁ Ᾰ̓ρκτοῦρος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ᾰ̓ρκτούρου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ᾰ̓ρκτούρῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ᾰ̓ρκτοῦρον (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓ρκτοῦρε (singular vocative)

Greek: Αρκτούρος (Arktoúros)

Latin: Arctūrus

→ Russian: Аркту́р (Arktúr)

Compound of ᾰ̓́ρκτος (ắrktos, “bear”) + οὖρος (oûros, “guard”), in reference to its proximity to Ursa Major and Ursa Minor (the bear constellations).

com+

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Airs, Waters, and Places 10

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1137

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 844e

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.78

The time of Arcturus's rising (mid September).


Κένταυρος

grc-noun

Κένταυρος • (Kéntauros) m (genitive Κενταύρου); second declension

Kéntauros (romanization)
Κενταύρου (genitive)

Perhaps from κεντέω (kentéō, “I goad, wound”) + ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”) either from bull-fighting or from herding. Often linked to the Indo-Iranian etymon of which Sanskrit गन्धर्व (gandharva) is a reflex, in which case substrate borrowing and/or substantial remodeling is indicated.

af

Centaur, a member of a savage race dwelling between Mt. Pelion and Mt. Ossa on the Northeastern coast of Thessaly.


Κένταυρος

Kéntauros (romanization)
Κενταύρου (genitive)
ὁ Κένταυρος (nominative singular)
τὼ Κενταύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ Κένταυροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Κενταύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Κενταύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Κενταύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ Κενταύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Κενταύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Κενταύροις (dative plural)
τὸν Κένταυρον (accusative singular)
τὼ Κενταύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Κενταύρους (accusative plural)
Κένταυρε (singular vocative)
Κενταύρω (dual vocative)
Κένταυροι (plural vocative)

Greek: Κένταυρος (Kéntavros)


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (nŭ́mphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
nŭ́mphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphain (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphaiĭn (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphēiĭn (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
nŭ́mphain (dative dual)
nŭ́mphaiĭn (dative dual)
nŭ́mphēiĭn (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēisĭ (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēisĭn (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēis (dative plural)
nŭ́mphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

[…]: τῇ δέ θ᾽ ἅμα νύμφαι, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, ἀγρονόμοι παίζουσι, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα Λητώ: […]

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water