θέρος

grc-noun

θέρος • (théros) n (genitive θέρους or θέρεος); third declension

théros (romanization)
θέρους (genitive)
θέρεος (genitive)
τὸ θέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θέρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θέρη (nominative plural)
τοῦ θέρους (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θέρει (dative singular)
τοῖν θεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs théresi (dative plural)
toîs théresin (dative plural)
τὸ θέρος (accusative singular)
τὼ θέρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέρη (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρη (plural vocative)
τὸ θέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θέρει (dual nominative)
θέρεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θέρεος (genitive singular)
θέρευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερέων (genitive plural)
τῷ θέρει (dative singular)
θέρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi théresi (dative plural)
toîsi théresin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ θέρος (accusative singular)
τὼ θέρει (accusative dual)
θέρεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρεε (dual vocative)
θέρεᾰ (plural vocative)
θέρος (nominative singular)
θέρει (dual nominative)
θέρεε (dual nominative)
θέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
θέρεος (genitive singular)
θέρευς (genitive singular)
θερέοιν (dual genitive)
θερέων (genitive plural)
θέρει (dative singular)
θέρεῐ̈ (dative singular)
θερέοιν (dative dual)
θέρεσῐ (dative plural)
θέρεσῐν (dative plural)
théresi (dative plural)
théresin (dative plural)
θέρος (accusative singular)
θέρει (accusative dual)
θέρεε (accusative dual)
θέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
θέρος (singular vocative)
θέρει (dual vocative)
θέρεε (dual vocative)
θέρεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰéros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat; warm weather”, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-os (action noun suffix)).


χεῖμα

grc-noun

χεῖμᾰ • (kheîma) n (genitive χείμᾰτος); third declension

χεῖμᾰ (canonical)
kheîma (romanization)
χείμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ χεῖμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χείμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ χείμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χείμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
χείμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheímasi (dative plural)
toîs kheímasin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χείμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖμᾰ (singular vocative)
χείμᾰτε (dual vocative)
χείμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰeimə, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéymn̥ (“winter”). Cognate with Sanskrit हिम (hima).


χειμών

χειμών • (kheimṓn) m (genitive χειμῶνος); third declension

kheimṓn (romanization)
χειμῶνος (genitive)
ὁ χειμών (nominative singular)
τὼ χειμῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ χειμῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χειμῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειμώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειμώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ χειμῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειμώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χειμῶσῐ (dative plural)
χειμῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheimôsi (dative plural)
toîs kheimôsin (dative plural)
τὸν χειμῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χειμῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χειμῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
χειμών (singular vocative)
χειμῶνε (dual vocative)
χειμῶνες (plural vocative)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.549


ἔαρ

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension

ἔᾰρ (canonical)
éar (romanization)
ἔᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
ἔᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éarsi (dative plural)
toîs éarsin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἔᾰρε (dual vocative)
ἔᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: έαρ (éar)

From Proto-Hellenic *wéhər, from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥. Cognates include Latin ver, Persian بهار (bahâr), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá) and वसर् (vasar, “morning”), Old Norse vár, Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Old Church Slavonic весна (vesna).

φύλλα τὰ μέν τ’ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη
τηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δ’ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη·
phúlla tà mén t’ ánemos khamádis khéei, álla dé th’ húlē

The wind sheds the leaves upon the ground, but the flourishing forest brings them forth, and they follow the season of spring.

tēlethóōsa phúei, éaros d’ epigígnetai hṓrē;

ὡς δ’ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,
καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο, ...
hōs d’ hóte Pandaréou koúrē, khlōrēï̀s aēdṓn,

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.518

As the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood, beautifully sings when spring is not long begun, ...

kalòn aeídēisin éaros néon histaménoio, ...

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 460

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.31, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.117, 6.8)

πρὸς ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.56

πρὸς τὸ ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.17

περὶ τὸ ἔαρ

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.116

ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρον

429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1137


ὀπώρα

ὀπώρᾱ • (opṓrā) f (genitive ὀπώρᾱς); first declension

ὀπώρᾱ (canonical)
opṓrā (romanization)
ὀπώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀπώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀπῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀπώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀπώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀπώραις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀπώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀπώρᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀπώρᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀπώρᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀπῶραι (plural vocative)

Seems to be a contraction of an original *ὀποσάρα (*oposára), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”) (whence ἐπῐ́ (epí)) + *(s)h₁ósr̥, a variant of *(s)h₁ésō (“harvest season”), from *(s)h₁es- (“crop, harvest”); the exact formation *(s)h₁ósr̥ is found also in Old Armenian ար-ա-ց (ar-a-cʻ). Other cognates include Russian о́сень (ósenʹ), Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (asans), and Old English earnian (English earn).

the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and of Arcturus (i. e. the end of July, all August and part of September), the end of summer; later it was used for autumn


χειμερινός

χειμερῐνός (canonical)
kheimerinós (romanization)
χειμερῐνή (feminine)
χειμερῐνόν (neuter)
χειμερῐνός (masculine nominative singular)
χειμερῐνή (feminine nominative singular)
χειμερῐνόν (neuter nominative singular)
χειμερῐνώ (dual masculine nominative)
χειμερῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
χειμερῐνώ (dual neuter nominative)
χειμερῐνοί (masculine nominative plural)
χειμερῐναί (feminine nominative plural)
χειμερῐνᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
χειμερῐνοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
χειμερῐνῆς (feminine genitive singular)
χειμερῐνοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
χειμερῐνοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
χειμερῐναῖν (dual feminine genitive)
χειμερῐνοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
χειμερῐνῶν (genitive masculine plural)
χειμερῐνῶν (feminine genitive plural)
χειμερῐνῶν (genitive neuter plural)
χειμερῐνῷ (dative masculine singular)
χειμερῐνῇ (dative feminine singular)
χειμερῐνῷ (dative neuter singular)
χειμερῐνοῖν (dative dual masculine)
χειμερῐναῖν (dative dual feminine)
χειμερῐνοῖν (dative dual neuter)
χειμερῐνοῖς (dative masculine plural)
χειμερῐναῖς (dative feminine plural)
χειμερῐνοῖς (dative neuter plural)
χειμερῐνόν (accusative masculine singular)
χειμερῐνήν (accusative feminine singular)
χειμερῐνόν (accusative neuter singular)
χειμερῐνώ (accusative dual masculine)
χειμερῐνᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
χειμερῐνώ (accusative dual neuter)
χειμερῐνούς (accusative masculine plural)
χειμερῐνᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
χειμερῐνᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
χειμερῐνέ (masculine singular vocative)
χειμερῐνή (feminine singular vocative)
χειμερῐνόν (neuter singular vocative)
χειμερῐνώ (dual masculine vocative)
χειμερῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
χειμερῐνώ (dual neuter vocative)
χειμερῐνοί (masculine plural vocative)
χειμερῐναί (feminine plural vocative)
χειμερῐνᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
χειμερῐνῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
χειμερῐνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
χειμερῐνώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: χειμερινός (cheimerinós)

From χείμερος (kheímeros, “wintry, stormy”) + -ινός (-inós).


ὀπωρινός

ὀπωρῐνός (canonical)
opōrinós (romanization)
ὀπωρῐνή (feminine)
ὀπωρῐνόν (neuter)
ὀπωρῐνός (masculine nominative singular)
ὀπωρῐνή (feminine nominative singular)
ὀπωρῐνόν (neuter nominative singular)
ὀπωρῐνώ (dual masculine nominative)
ὀπωρῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ὀπωρῐνώ (dual neuter nominative)
ὀπωρῐνοί (masculine nominative plural)
ὀπωρῐναί (feminine nominative plural)
ὀπωρῐνᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ὀπωρῐνοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ὀπωρῐνῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ὀπωρῐνοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ὀπωρῐνοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ὀπωρῐναῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ὀπωρῐνοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ὀπωρῐνῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ὀπωρῐνῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ὀπωρῐνῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ὀπωρῐνῷ (dative masculine singular)
ὀπωρῐνῇ (dative feminine singular)
ὀπωρῐνῷ (dative neuter singular)
ὀπωρῐνοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ὀπωρῐναῖν (dative dual feminine)
ὀπωρῐνοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ὀπωρῐνοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ὀπωρῐναῖς (dative feminine plural)
ὀπωρῐνοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ὀπωρῐνόν (accusative masculine singular)
ὀπωρῐνήν (accusative feminine singular)
ὀπωρῐνόν (accusative neuter singular)
ὀπωρῐνώ (accusative dual masculine)
ὀπωρῐνᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ὀπωρῐνώ (accusative dual neuter)
ὀπωρῐνούς (accusative masculine plural)
ὀπωρῐνᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ὀπωρῐνᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὀπωρῐνέ (masculine singular vocative)
ὀπωρῐνή (feminine singular vocative)
ὀπωρῐνόν (neuter singular vocative)
ὀπωρῐνώ (dual masculine vocative)
ὀπωρῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ὀπωρῐνώ (dual neuter vocative)
ὀπωρῐνοί (masculine plural vocative)
ὀπωρῐναί (feminine plural vocative)
ὀπωρῐνᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ὀπωρῐνῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπωρῐνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπωρῐνώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From ὀπώρα (opṓra, “autumn”) + -ῐνός (-inós).


ἐαρινός

ἐᾰρῐνός (canonical)
earinós (romanization)
ἐᾰρῐνή (feminine)
ἐᾰρῐνόν (neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνός (masculine nominative singular)
ἐᾰρῐνή (feminine nominative singular)
ἐᾰρῐνόν (neuter nominative singular)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (dual masculine nominative)
ἐᾰρῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (dual neuter nominative)
ἐᾰρῐνοί (masculine nominative plural)
ἐᾰρῐναί (feminine nominative plural)
ἐᾰρῐνᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ἐᾰρῐνοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ἐᾰρῐνῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ἐᾰρῐνοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ἐᾰρῐναῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ἐᾰρῐνῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ἐᾰρῐνῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ἐᾰρῐνῷ (dative masculine singular)
ἐᾰρῐνῇ (dative feminine singular)
ἐᾰρῐνῷ (dative neuter singular)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ἐᾰρῐναῖν (dative dual feminine)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ἐᾰρῐναῖς (dative feminine plural)
ἐᾰρῐνοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ἐᾰρῐνόν (accusative masculine singular)
ἐᾰρῐνήν (accusative feminine singular)
ἐᾰρῐνόν (accusative neuter singular)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (accusative dual masculine)
ἐᾰρῐνᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (accusative dual neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνούς (accusative masculine plural)
ἐᾰρῐνᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ἐᾰρῐνᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ἐᾰρῐνέ (masculine singular vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνή (feminine singular vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνόν (neuter singular vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (dual masculine vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνώ (dual neuter vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνοί (masculine plural vocative)
ἐᾰρῐναί (feminine plural vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ἐᾰρῐνῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἐᾰρῐνώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: εαρινός (earinós)


θερινός

therinós (romanization)
θερινή (feminine)
θερινόν (neuter)
θερινός (masculine nominative singular)
θερινή (feminine nominative singular)
θερινόν (neuter nominative singular)
θερινώ (dual masculine nominative)
θερινᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
θερινώ (dual neuter nominative)
θερινοί (masculine nominative plural)
θεριναί (feminine nominative plural)
θερινᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
θερινοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
θερινῆς (feminine genitive singular)
θερινοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
θερινοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
θεριναῖν (dual feminine genitive)
θερινοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
θερινῶν (genitive masculine plural)
θερινῶν (feminine genitive plural)
θερινῶν (genitive neuter plural)
θερινῷ (dative masculine singular)
θερινῇ (dative feminine singular)
θερινῷ (dative neuter singular)
θερινοῖν (dative dual masculine)
θεριναῖν (dative dual feminine)
θερινοῖν (dative dual neuter)
θερινοῖς (dative masculine plural)
θεριναῖς (dative feminine plural)
θερινοῖς (dative neuter plural)
θερινόν (accusative masculine singular)
θερινήν (accusative feminine singular)
θερινόν (accusative neuter singular)
θερινώ (accusative dual masculine)
θερινᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
θερινώ (accusative dual neuter)
θερινούς (accusative masculine plural)
θερινᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
θερινᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
θερινέ (masculine singular vocative)
θερινή (feminine singular vocative)
θερινόν (neuter singular vocative)
θερινώ (dual masculine vocative)
θερινᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
θερινώ (dual neuter vocative)
θερινοί (masculine plural vocative)
θεριναί (feminine plural vocative)
θερινᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
θερινῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
θερινότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
θερινότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From θέρος (théros, “summer”) + -ινός (-inós).


βώκαρος

grc-noun

βώκᾰρος • (bṓkaros) m (genitive βωκᾰ́ρου); second declension

βώκᾰρος (canonical)
bṓkaros (romanization)
βωκᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ βώκᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ βωκᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ βώκᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βωκᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βωκᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βωκᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ βωκᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βωκᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βωκᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν βώκᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ βωκᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βωκᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
βώκᾰρε (singular vocative)
βωκᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
βώκᾰροι (plural vocative)

Lewy connects the word with Hebrew ביכורים (bikkūrīm, “first fruits”), which comes from the stem ב־כ־ר (bakār, “to be premature”), suggesting a Semitic origin.


φθινόπωρον

grc-noun

φθινόπωρον • (phthinópōron) n (genitive φθῐνοπώρου); second declension

phthinópōron (romanization)
φθῐνοπώρου (genitive)
τὸ φθῐνόπωρον (nominative singular)
τὼ φθῐνοπώρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φθῐνόπωρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φθῐνοπώρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φθῐνοπώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φθῐνοπώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φθῐνοπώρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φθῐνοπώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φθῐνοπώροις (dative plural)
τὸ φθῐνόπωρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φθῐνοπώρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φθῐνόπωρᾰ (accusative plural)
φθῐνόπωρον (singular vocative)
φθῐνοπώρω (dual vocative)
φθῐνόπωρᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: φθινόπωρο (fthinóporo) (learned)

From φθῐ́ν(ω) (phthín(ō), “decay, to be reduced”) + ὀπώρ(α) f (opṓr(a), “last part of summer; fruit”) + -ον n (-on).

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.42

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.117

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.31.1

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.18.3

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.100.2