μηρός

grc-noun

μηρός • (mērós) m (genitive μηροῦ); second declension

mērós (romanization)
μηροῦ (genitive)
ὁ μηρός (nominative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μηροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μηρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μηροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μηρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μηρούς (accusative plural)
μηρέ (singular vocative)
μηρώ (dual vocative)
μηροί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲣⲟⲥ (mēros)

Greek: μηρός (mirós)

From Proto-Hellenic *mḗron, of uncertain ultimate origin. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”). Compare Latin membrum (“limb”) and Proto-Germanic *mimzą (“flesh”).

der

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.26

a thigh
(Septuagint Koine, in the plural) loins

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 16.14

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.190

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.231

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.125

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.3.6

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 15.27.11

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus 2

620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Supplementary Fragments 11.6

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 135–136

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.305

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 57

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.2.472

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.460

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1011

4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 130

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace

a thigh-bone, a femur, used especially of thigh-bones with flesh offered in sacrifice


κύτος

grc-noun

κῠ́τος • (kŭ́tos) n (genitive κῠ́τους); third declension

κῠ́τος (canonical)
kŭ́tos (romanization)
κῠ́τους (genitive)
τὸ κῠ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kŭ́tesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kŭ́tesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κῠ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (accusative plural)
κῠ́τος (singular vocative)
κῠ́τει (dual vocative)
κῠ́τη (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κύτος (kýtos)

⇒ Latin: monocytus (Taxonomic Latin)

Uncertain. According to Beekes, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“cover, skin”) (via a form *(s)kHu-t-); related to σκῦτος (skûtos, “hide, leather”), Latin cutis (“skin”), and English hide, but the presumed laryngeal metathesis is problematic. Alternatively from *kew- ~ *ḱew- (“hollow”), but this is also reconstructed as *ḱewh₁-. In view of the formal problems and the word's semantic category, a substrate origin is possible.

der

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 322

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 816

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1142

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 37

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.2

any vessel; e.g. a jar, an urn, a vase, etc.


μέταλλον

grc-noun

μέταλλον • (métallon) n (genitive μετάλλου); second declension

métallon (romanization)
μετάλλου (genitive)
τὸ μέταλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μετάλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετάλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μετάλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μετάλλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μέταλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μέταλλον (singular vocative)
μετάλλω (dual vocative)
μέταλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: մետաղ (metał)

Armenian: մետաղ (metaġ)

→ Georgian: მეტალი (meṭali)

Greek: μέταλλο (métallo)

→ Latin: metallum (see there for further descendants)

Likely from Pre-Greek because of the presence of -αλλο- (-allo-).


περιγραφή

περῐγρᾰφή • (perĭgrăphḗ) f (genitive περῐγρᾰφῆς); first declension

περῐγρᾰφή (canonical)
perĭgrăphḗ (romanization)
περῐγρᾰφῆς (genitive)
ἡ περῐγρᾰφή (nominative singular)
τὼ περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ περῐγρᾰφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς περῐγρᾰφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν περῐγρᾰφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περῐγρᾰφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περῐγρᾰφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν περῐγρᾰφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς περῐγρᾰφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν περῐγρᾰφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
περῐγρᾰφή (singular vocative)
περῐγρᾰφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
περῐγρᾰφαί (plural vocative)

→ English: perigraph

Greek: περιγραφή (perigrafí)

From περῐγρᾰ́φω (perĭgrắphō, “to define, determine, limit”) + -ή (-ḗ).


Πλειάδες

grc-proper noun

Πλειάδες • (Pleiádes) f pl (genitive Πλειάδων); third declension

Pleiádes (romanization)
Πλειάδων (genitive)
αἱ Πλειᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῶν Πλειᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πλειᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
Πλειᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Pleiắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs Pleiắsĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πλειᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Πλειᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: Πλειάδες (Pleiádes)

→ Asturian: Pléyades

→ Basque: Pleiade

→ Breton: Pleiadezed

→ Bulgarian: Плеяди (Plejadi)

→ Catalan: Plèiades

→ Mandarin: 普勒阿得斯 (Pǔlè'ādésī)

→ Czech: Plejády

→ Danish: Plejaderne

→ Dutch: Pleiaden

→ Esperanto: Plejadoj

→ Estonian: Plejaadid

→ Finnish: Plejadit, plejadi

→ French: Pléiades

→ Galician: Pléiades

→ Georgian: პლეადები (ṗleadebi)

→ German: Plejaden

desc

פְּלִיאָדוֹת

→ Hebrew: פְּלִיאָדוֹת (Pliadót)

→ Hungarian: pleiaszok, Plejádok

→ Ido: Pleyado

→ Italian: Pleiadi

→ Japanese: プレイアデス (Pureiadesu)

→ Korean: 플레이아데스 (Peulleiadeseu)

→ Latin: Plēiadēs

→ Latvian: Plejādes

→ Lithuanian: Plejadės

→ Luxembourgish: Pleiaden

→ Norwegian: Pleiadene

→ Occitan: pleiades

→ Polish: plejada, Plejady

→ Portuguese: Plêiades

→ Romanian: Pleiada

→ Russian: Плея́ды (Plejády)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Plejade

→ Slovak: Plejády

→ Slovene: Plejade

→ Spanish: Pléyades

→ Swedish: Plejaderna

→ Thai: ไพลยาดีส (plaiyaadèet)

→ Ukrainian: Плея́ди (Plejády)

Apparently from πλέω (pléō, “to sail”) because of the star cluster’s importance in delimiting the sailing season in the Mediterranean Sea: "the season of navigation began with their heliacal rising". The mythological sisters were probably named after the star cluster, rather than vice versa.
The singular Πλειάς (Pleiás) is sometimes found referring to the star cluster.


βλαστός

grc-noun

βλᾰστός • (blăstós) m (genitive βλᾰστοῦ); second declension

βλᾰστός (canonical)
blăstós (romanization)
βλᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βλᾰστός (nominative singular)
τὼ βλᾰστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βλᾰστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλᾰστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βλᾰστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλᾰστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλᾰστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βλᾰστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλᾰστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βλᾰστούς (accusative plural)
βλᾰστέ (singular vocative)
βλᾰστώ (dual vocative)
βλᾰστοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βλαστός (vlastós)

→ English: blasto- (learned)

→⇒ New Latin: blastula (learned)

→ English: blastula, blastule

→ French: blastule

From βλᾰστᾰ́νω (blăstắnō, “to bud, sprout”) + -τός (-tós).


φακός

grc-noun

φᾰκός • (phăkós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension

φᾰκός (canonical)
phăkós (romanization)
φᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰκούς (accusative plural)
φᾰκέ (singular vocative)
φᾰκώ (dual vocative)
φᾰκοί (plural vocative)

Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).
It is likely that the terms mentioned above are all related and derived from an ancient European and Mediterranean substrate word for "bean", which was borrowed by various groups in the area, particularly considering that the words for various beans in Indo-Aryan, a branch of Indo-European removed from this area, do not resemble the above terms.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual


Περσεύς

grc-proper noun

Περσεύς • (Perseús) m (genitive Περσέως); third declension

Perseús (romanization)
Περσέως (genitive)
ὁ Περσεύς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Περσέως (genitive singular)
τῷ Περσεῖ (dative singular)
τὸν Περσέᾱ (accusative singular)
Περσεῦ (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: Περσέας (Perséas), Περσεύς (Perséfs)

→ Latin: Perseus

→ English: Perseus

Perhaps Pre-Greek, perhaps from πέρθω (pérthō).
More at Perseus.


βολβός

grc-noun

βολβός • (bolbós) m (genitive βολβοῦ); second declension

bolbós (romanization)
βολβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βολβός (nominative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βολβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βολβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βολβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βολβούς (accusative plural)
βολβέ (singular vocative)
βολβώ (dual vocative)
βολβοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βολβός (volvós)

→ Latin: bulbus (see there for further descendants)

The form of the word is expressive, with a kind of reduplication. There are no direct relatives and it is reminiscent of words for round and globular objects, like Latin bulla (“water bubble”) and Latvian burbulis (“water bubble”). Further, similar to Armenian բողկ (boġk, “radish”), Sanskrit बल्बज (balbaja, “Indian goosegrass”), and Albanian bajgë.

cog

(botany) bulb of various plants, especially onion


γεωμετρία

grc-noun

γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ • (geōmetrĭ́ā) f (genitive γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
geōmetrĭ́ā (romanization)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γεωμετρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γεωμετρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γεωμετρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γεωμετρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γεωμετρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γεωμετρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν γεωμετρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γεωμετρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γεωμετρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γεωμετρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: γεωμετρία (geometría)

→ Latin: geōmetria

γεω- (geō-, “land”) + -μετρίᾱ (-metríā, “measurement”).


κατασκευή

grc-noun

κᾰτᾰσκευή • (kătăskeuḗ) f (genitive κᾰτᾰσκευῆς); first declension

κᾰτᾰσκευή (canonical)
kătăskeuḗ (romanization)
κᾰτᾰσκευῆς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰτᾰσκευή (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰτᾰσκευαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰτᾰσκευῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰσκευαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰσκευῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰτᾰσκευῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰσκευαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰτᾰσκευαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰτᾰσκευήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰσκευή (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰσκευᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰσκευαί (plural vocative)

παρασκευή

antonym(s) of “permanent or fixed assets”

Greek: κατασκευή (kataskeví)

Latin: catasceua

60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Commentaries on the Attic Orators: On Lysias 24

161 CE – 180 CE, Hermogenes, On Rhetorical Exercises 5

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Letters to Atticus 1.14.4

213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 11.2

Quint. 2.4.18

c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 2.4

412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements 203F

Papp. 174.17


γλαύκωμα

γλαύκωμᾰ • (glaúkōmă) n (genitive γλαυκώμᾰτος); third declension

γλαύκωμᾰ (canonical)
glaúkōmă (romanization)
γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γλαυκώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλαυκώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γλαυκώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γλαύκωμᾰ (singular vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκωμα (gláfkoma)

→ Latin: glaucōma (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: глауко́ма (glaukóma)
→ Kazakh: глаукома (glaukoma)

From γλαυκόω (glaukóō, “to color blue-grey”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


κυψέλη

grc-noun

κῠψέλη • (kŭpsélē) f (genitive κῠψέλης); first declension

κῠψέλη (canonical)
kŭpsélē (romanization)
κῠψέλης (genitive)
ἡ κῠψέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠψέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠψέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠψελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠψέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠψέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῠψέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠψέλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠψέλη (singular vocative)
κῠψέλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠψέλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυψέλη (kypséli)

Not related to κύπη (kúpē, “kind of ship”), nor derived from κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend, stoop”). According to Beekes, clearly a Pre-Greek word, given the variant.


κύστις

κύστις • (kústis) f (genitive κύστεως); third declension

kústis (romanization)
κύστεως (genitive)
ἡ κῠ́στῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠ́στεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠ́στεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́στεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠ́στει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠ́στεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́στεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kŭ́stesĭ (dative plural)
taîs kŭ́stesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κῠ́στῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́στεις (accusative plural)
κῠ́στῐ (singular vocative)
κῠ́στει (dual vocative)
κῠ́στεις (plural vocative)

French: kyste

Greek: κύστη (kýsti)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) or from κύω (kúō).


τρίαινα

grc-noun

τρῐ́αινᾰ • (trĭ́aină) f (genitive τρῐαίνης); first declension

τρῐ́αινᾰ (canonical)
trĭ́aină (romanization)
τρῐαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́αιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῐαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́αινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρῐ́αινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρῐαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῐ́αιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: τρίαινα (tríaina)

From τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + -αινᾰ (-aină). Chantraine considers a folk-etymological transformation after the numeral. Furnée compares τρίναξ (trínax, “instrument used in agriculture”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “three-pronged fork”), and asks whether the word could be a transformation of a Pre-Greek loan for an agricultural tool.


συλλαβή

σῠλλᾰβή • (sŭllăbḗ) f (genitive σῠλλᾰβῆς); first declension

σῠλλᾰβή (canonical)
sŭllăbḗ (romanization)
σῠλλᾰβῆς (genitive)
ἡ σῠλλᾰβή (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠλλᾰβαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠλλᾰβῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠλλᾰβαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠλλᾰβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠλλᾰβῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠλλᾰβαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠλλᾰβαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῠλλᾰβήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῠλλᾰβή (singular vocative)
σῠλλᾰβᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῠλλᾰβαί (plural vocative)

Greek: συλλαβή (syllaví)

→ Latin: syllaba

From συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “bring together”).

that which holds together, i.e. a girdle

(grammar) several letters combined, syllable


σφαγή

σφᾰγή • (sphăgḗ) f (genitive σφαγῆς); first declension

σφᾰγή (canonical)
sphăgḗ (romanization)
σφαγῆς (genitive)
ἡ σφᾰγή (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφᾰγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σφᾰγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφᾰγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφᾰγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σφᾰγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφᾰγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σφᾰγή (singular vocative)
σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σφᾰγαί (plural vocative)

From σφᾰ́ζω (sphắzō, “to slaughter”) + -ή (-ḗ).

suffix

(anatomy) throat, the spot where the victim is struck


λέξις

grc-noun

λέξῐς • (léxĭs) f (genitive λέξεως); third declension

λέξῐς (canonical)
léxĭs (romanization)
λέξεως (genitive)
ἡ λέξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λέξει (dual nominative)
αἱ λέξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς λέξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ λέξει (dative singular)
τοῖν λεξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λέξεσῐ (dative plural)
λέξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs léxesĭ (dative plural)
taîs léxesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λέξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ λέξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λέξεις (accusative plural)
λέξῐ (singular vocative)
λέξει (dual vocative)
λέξεις (plural vocative)

Greek: λέξη (léxi)

→ English: lexis

→ Latin: lexis

desctree

→ Old Georgian: ლექსი (leksi)
Georgian: ლექსი (leksi)
→ Bats: ლექს (leks)
→ Laz: ლექსი (leksi)
→ Mingrelian: ლერსი (lersi), ლერცი (lerci), ლექსი (leksi)
→ Svan: ლექს (leks)

From λέγω (légō, “speak”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).

(grammar) a word peculiar in form or significance

word, phrase
a word peculiar in form or significance


φλέψ

grc-noun

φλέψ • (phléps) f (genitive φλεβός); third declension

phléps (romanization)
φλεβός (genitive)
ἡ φλέψ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (dual nominative)
αἱ φλέβες (nominative plural)
τῆς φλεβός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλεβῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλεψῐ́ (dative plural)
φλεψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phlepsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν φλέβᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλέβᾰς (accusative plural)
φλέψ (singular vocative)
φλέβε (dual vocative)
φλέβες (plural vocative)

English: phlebo-

Greek: φλέβα (fléva)

Traditionally linked to a large group of words beginning with "φλ-", like φλέω (phléō), φλύω (phlúō) and φλύκταινα (phlúktaina). It has been supposed to be an enlargement in -gʷ- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell”), but this would not solve anything. Thus, a Pre-Greek origin is the most probable hypothesis.

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.546


σημεῖον

grc-noun

σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension

sēmeîon (romanization)
σημείου (genitive)
τὸ σημεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ σημείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σημείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημείων (genitive plural)
τῷ σημείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σημείοις (dative plural)
τὸ σημεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ σημείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
σημεῖον (singular vocative)
σημείω (dual vocative)
σημεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σημείο (simeío)

From σῆμᾰ (sêmă, “mark, sign”) + -ῐον (-ĭon).

(logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion

σημεῖόν ἐστιν, οὗ μέρος οὐθέν.

A point is that of which there is no part.


βουβών

βουβών • (boubṓn) m (genitive βουβῶνος); third declension

boubṓn (romanization)
βουβῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουβών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουβῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουβῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουβώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουβῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουβῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουβῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βουβῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουβῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουβών (singular vocative)
βουβῶνε (dual vocative)
βουβῶνες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būbō, būbōnēs

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European expressive root *bew-, *bow- (“to swell; ball”); see βῠβός (bŭbós, “full, great”), βου- (bou-, augmentative prefix), βουνός (bounós, “hill, mound; clot”), βοῦᾰ (boûă, “group of children; herd?”), βῶλος (bôlos, “clod”), βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), but these cannot be regular morphological derivations of the same root.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(pathology) a bubo in the groin (a swelling of lymph nodes due to infection)


φάρμακον

grc-noun

φάρμᾰκον • (phármăkon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension

φάρμᾰκον (canonical)
phármăkon (romanization)
φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
φάρμᾰκον (singular vocative)
φαρμᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
φάρμᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)

desc

Mariupol Greek: фармакиро (farmakiro), фармакону (farmakonu), фарматея (farmatjeja), фармач (farmač)

→ Latin: pharmacum

Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).
Based on α/ο and μ/β variations found in the likely-related φόρβαντα (phórbanta, “doctor's medicine”), as well as the rather strange structure of the word, R. S. P. Beekes proposes Pre-Greek origin. Foreign origin is also supported by Chantraine, Furnee, and Schwyzer.
An older theory by Pokorny (1959) connects the word to the Greek root φαρ-, supposedly also found in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e. a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, and compares Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) (which he takes as the result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”)) and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare also Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).

unk

Unclear

cog

τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι.

but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)

tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.


ἀποθήκη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ποθήκη • (ăpothḗkē) f (genitive ᾰ̓ποθήκης); first declension

ᾰ̓ποθήκη (canonical)
ăpothḗkē (romanization)
ᾰ̓ποθήκης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ποθήκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποθήκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ποθῆκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ποθήκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποθήκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ποθηκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ποθήκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ποθήκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ποθήκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ποθήκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ποθήκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ποθήκᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ποθήκη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ποθήκᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ποθῆκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: αποθήκη (apothíki)

→ English: apotheke

→ Latin: apothēca (see there for further descendants)

From ἀποτίθημι (apotíthēmi, “to put away”), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”). Other suggestion, related to ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”).


χερσόνησος

grc-noun

χερσόνησος • (khersónēsos) f (genitive χερσονήσου); second declension

khersónēsos (romanization)
χερσονήσου (genitive)
ἡ χερσόνησος (nominative singular)
τὼ χερσονήσω (dual nominative)
αἱ χερσόνησοι (nominative plural)
τῆς χερσονήσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χερσονήσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χερσονήσων (genitive plural)
τῇ χερσονήσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χερσονήσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χερσονήσοις (dative plural)
τὴν χερσόνησον (accusative singular)
τὼ χερσονήσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χερσονήσους (accusative plural)
χερσόνησε (singular vocative)
χερσονήσω (dual vocative)
χερσόνησοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: χερσόνησος (chersónisos) (learned)

From χέρσος (khérsos, “dry land”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).


πάππος

grc-noun

πᾰ́ππος • (pắppos) m (genitive πᾰ́ππου); second declension

πᾰ́ππος (canonical)
pắppos (romanization)
πᾰ́ππου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ππους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ππε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ππω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πποι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: πάππος (páppos)

Mariupol Greek: па́пус (pápus)

→ Romani: pàpos

→ Latin: pappus

Aromanian: pap

→ English: pappus

→ Italian: pappo

Reduplicated nursery word; compare πάππας (páppas, “daddy, papa”).

(botany) pappus, down on the seeds of certain plants


λοβός

λοβός • (lobós) m (genitive λοβοῦ); second declension

lobós (romanization)
λοβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λοβός (nominative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λοβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λοβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λοβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λοβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λοβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λοβούς (accusative plural)
λοβέ (singular vocative)
λοβώ (dual vocative)
λοβοί (plural vocative)

→ English: lobus

Italian: lobo

→ Middle French: lobe

→ English: lobe

French: lobe

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”), if such a root exists. Uncertain.

der

(botany) capsule or pod of leguminous plants


σκάφος

grc-noun

σκᾰ́φος • (skắphos) n (genitive σκᾰ́φεος); third declension

σκᾰ́φος (canonical)
skắphos (romanization)
σκᾰ́φεος (genitive)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́φεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰφέων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́φεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
σκᾰ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skắphesĭ (dative plural)
toîs skắphesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́φος (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́φεε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́φεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σκάφος (skáfos)

→ Italian: scafo

From σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”) + -ος (-os). Compare, for more, σκῠ́φος (skŭ́phos).


γάγγραινα

γάγγραινᾰ • (gángraină) f (genitive γαγγραίνης); first declension

γάγγραινᾰ (canonical)
gángraină (romanization)
γαγγραίνης (genitive)
ἡ γάγγραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γάγγραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαγγραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαγγραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαγγραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαγγραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν γάγγραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαγγραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
γάγγραινᾰ (singular vocative)
γαγγραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
γάγγραιναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: gangraena
French: gangrène
→ English: gangrene
→ Romanian: gangrenă, cangrenă
→ Turkish: kangren
Italian: cancrena
Russian: гангрена (gangrena)
Spanish: gangrena

In antiquity it was compared with γράω (gráō, “to devour”) but this is incorrect. It is most probably a Pre-Greek word.


λύπη

grc-noun

λῡ́πη • (lū́pē) f (genitive λῡ́πης); first declension

λῡ́πη (canonical)
lū́pē (romanization)
λῡ́πης (genitive)
ἡ λῡ́πη (nominative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῦπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῡ́πης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῡπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῡ́πῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῡ́παις (dative plural)
τὴν λῡ́πην (accusative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῡ́πᾱς (accusative plural)
λῡ́πη (singular vocative)
λῡ́πᾱ (dual vocative)
λῦπαι (plural vocative)

Greek: λύπη (lýpi)

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connection to Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”) can be dismissed, as the Sanskrit root is much more likely from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”), which cannot produce the Greek term.
Beekes tentatively prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”). While phonetically sound and semantically possible, the lack of evidence directly connecting the Greek sense of "grief, pain" to the hypothetical original "peeling, breaking" sense renders the etymology uncertain.

cog

pain (of mind or body), suffering, affliction, distress


συγκοπή

grc-noun

σῠγκοπή • (sŭnkopḗ) f (genitive σῠγκοπῆς); first declension

σῠγκοπή (canonical)
sŭnkopḗ (romanization)
σῠγκοπῆς (genitive)
ἡ σῠγκοπή (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠγκοπᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠγκοπαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠγκοπῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠγκοπαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠγκοπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠγκοπῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠγκοπαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠγκοπαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σῠγκοπήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠγκοπᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠγκοπᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σῠγκοπή (singular vocative)
σῠγκοπᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σῠγκοπαί (plural vocative)

→ French: syncope

→ Greek: συγκοπή (sygkopí)

→ Late Latin: syncope

⇒ English: syncope

From συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē).

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, 2 1011E

(grammar) syncope, cutting a word short by striking out one or more letters


ἄχος

ἄχος • (ákhos) n (genitive ἄχεος or ἄχους); third declension

ákhos (romanization)
ἄχεος (genitive)
ἄχους (genitive)
ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́χευς (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓χέοιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̓χέων (genitive plural)
ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ᾰ̓χέοιν (dative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεε (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîs ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χη (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́χευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos, from the root *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, in distress, afraid”). Compare Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil”), Proto-Germanic *agaz (“fear”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), dialectal English ey).


λαβή

λᾰβή • (lăbḗ) f (genitive λᾰβῆς); first declension

λᾰβή (canonical)
lăbḗ (romanization)
λᾰβῆς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰβή (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰβᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰβαί (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰβῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰβαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰβῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰβαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰβαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰβήν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰβᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰβᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
λᾰβή (singular vocative)
λᾰβᾱ́ (dual vocative)
λᾰβαί (plural vocative)

Greek: λαβή (laví)

From λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take, grasp”) + -ή (-ḗ).

af

(anatomy, in the plural) insertions, attachments of muscles


μέθοδος

grc-noun

μέθοδος • (méthodos) f (genitive μεθόδου); second declension

méthodos (romanization)
μεθόδου (genitive)
ἡ μέθοδος (nominative singular)
τὼ μεθόδω (dual nominative)
αἱ μέθοδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς μεθόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεθόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεθόδων (genitive plural)
τῇ μεθόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεθόδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μεθόδοις (dative plural)
τὴν μέθοδον (accusative singular)
τὼ μεθόδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μεθόδους (accusative plural)
μέθοδε (singular vocative)
μεθόδω (dual vocative)
μέθοδοι (plural vocative)

Armenian: մեթոդ (metʻod)

Esperanto: metodo

Georgian: მეთოდი (metodi)

Greek: μέθοδος (méthodos)

Hebrew: מֶתוֹדָה (metóda)

Italian: metodo

Latin: methodus (see there for further descendants)

Portuguese: método

Russian: ме́тод (métod)

From μετ’ (met’, “transcending, encompassing, median”) + ὁδός (hodós, “road, way, path”), literally “the transcending path”.

af

pursuit of knowledge, investigation, inquiry; hence, treatise


σύρμα

grc-noun

σύρμᾰ • (súrmă) n (genitive σύρμᾰτος); third declension

σύρμᾰ (canonical)
súrmă (romanization)
σύρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠ́ρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠ́ρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠ́ρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῠ́ρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sŭ́rmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs sŭ́rmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠ́ρμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠ́ρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

> Byzantine Greek: σύρμα (súrma) (inherited)

> Greek: σύρμα (sýrma) (inherited)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صرمه, صیرمه (sırma), սըրմա (sırma) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: sırma
→ Albanian: sërmë, sërme
→ Armenian: սրմա (srma), սիրմա (sirma), սռմա (sṙma), սուրմա (surma), սրմայ (srmay), սիրմայ (sirmay), սռմայ (sṙmay), սուրմայ (surmay) — traditional orthography
→ Bulgarian: съ́рма (sǎ́rma)
→ Georgian: სირმა (sirma)
→ Macedonian: ср́ма (sŕma)
→ Romanian: sîrmă, sârmă
→ Serbo-Croatian: sŕma / ср́ма

→ Latin: syrma

From σύρω (súrō, “to draw, drag, trail”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).

(medicine) An abrasion, a scaly skin disease

Anything trailed or dragged
An abrasion, a scaly skin disease


χυλός

grc-noun

χῡλός • (khūlós) m (genitive χῡλοῦ); second declension

χῡλός (canonical)
khūlós (romanization)
χῡλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῡλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῡλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῡλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῡλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῡλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῡλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῡλούς (accusative plural)
χῡλέ (singular vocative)
χῡλώ (dual vocative)
χῡλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χυλός (chylós)

→ Latin: chȳlus

→ English: chyle

Traditionally derived as a nominal formation from χέω (khéō, “to pour”), but like χυμός (khumós, “juice, liquid”), it is unclear how the long -ῡ- can be explained.

chyle, juice produced by the digestion of food


περόνη

περόνη • (perónē) f (genitive περόνης); first declension

perónē (romanization)
περόνης (genitive)
ἡ περόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ περόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς περόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς περόναις (dative plural)
τὴν περόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περόνᾱς (accusative plural)
περόνη (singular vocative)
περόνᾱ (dual vocative)
περόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: περόνη (peróni)

⇒ Koine Greek: περόνιον (perónion)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πιρούνιν (piroúnin), περούνιν (peroúnin)

desctree

Greek: πιρούνι (piroúni)
→ Albanian: pirun
→ Aromanian: pirunã
→ Friulian: piron
→ Ladino: piron
→ Mòcheno: paru'
→ Romanian: piron
→ Serbo-Croatian: pirun / пирун
→ Venetan: piron
→ Cimbrian: pirù
→ Lombard: piron

→ English: perone

From πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, run through”), formed with the pattern of ᾰ̓κόνη (ăkónē, “whetstone, hone”), βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

(anatomy) radius; (more frequently) fibula, calf bone

(zootomy) ligament below the knee of a horse


στίζω

grc-verb

στίζω • (stízō)

stízō (romanization)
στίζω (active first-person indicative singular)
στίζεις (active indicative second-person singular)
στίζει (active indicative singular third-person)
στίζετον (active dual indicative second-person)
στίζετον (active dual indicative third-person)
στίζομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
στίζετε (active indicative plural second-person)
στίζουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
στίζουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
στίζω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
στίζῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
στίζῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
στίζητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
στίζητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
στίζωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
στίζητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
στίζωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
στίζωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
στίζοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
στίζοις (active optative second-person singular)
στίζοι (active optative singular third-person)
στίζοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
στιζοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
στίζοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
στίζοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
στίζοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
στῖζε (active imperative second-person singular)
στιζέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
στίζετον (active dual imperative second-person)
στιζέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
στίζετε (active imperative plural second-person)
στιζόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
στίζομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
στίζῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
στίζει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
στίζεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
στίζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
στίζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
στιζόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
στίζεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
στίζονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
στίζωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
στίζῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
στίζηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
στίζησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
στίζησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
στιζώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
στίζησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
στίζωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
στιζοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
στίζοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
στίζοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
στίζοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
στιζοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
στιζοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
στίζοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
στίζοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
στίζου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
στιζέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
στίζεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
στιζέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
στίζεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
στιζέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
στίζειν (active infinitive)
στίζεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
στίζων (active masculine participle)
στιζόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
στίζουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
στιζομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
στῖζον (active neuter participle)
στιζόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔστιζον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔστιζες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔστιζε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔστιζεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐστίζετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐστιζέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐστίζομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐστίζετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔστιζον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐστιζόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐστίζου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐστίζετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐστίζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐστιζέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐστιζόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐστίζεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐστίζοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
στίξω (active first-person indicative singular)
στίξεις (active indicative second-person singular)
στίξει (active indicative singular third-person)
στίξετον (active dual indicative second-person)
στίξετον (active dual indicative third-person)
στίξομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
στίξετε (active indicative plural second-person)
στίξουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
στίξουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
στίξοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
στίξοις (active optative second-person singular)
στίξοι (active optative singular third-person)
στίξοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
στιξοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
στίξοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
στίξοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
στίξοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
στίξομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
στίξῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
στίξει (indicative middle second-person singular)
στίξεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
στίξεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
στίξεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
στιξόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
στίξεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
στίξονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
στιξοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
στίξοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
στίξοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
στίξοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
στιξοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
στιξοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
στίξοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
στίξοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
στιχθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
στιχθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
στιχθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
στιχθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
στιχθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
στιχθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
στιχθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
στιχθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
στιχθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
στιχθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
στιχθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
στιχθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
στιχθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
στιχθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
στιχθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
στιχθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
στίξειν (active infinitive)
στίξεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
στιχθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
στίξων (active masculine participle)
στιξόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
στιχθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
στίξουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
στιξομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
στιχθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
στῖξον (active neuter participle)
στιξόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
στιχθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
ἔστιξᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔστιξᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔστιξε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔστιξεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐστίξᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐστιξᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐστίξᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐστίξᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔστιξᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
στίξω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
στίξῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
στίξῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
στίξητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
στίξητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
στίξωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
στίξητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
στίξωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
στίξωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
στίξαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
στίξειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
στίξαις (active optative second-person singular)
στίξειε (active optative singular third-person)
στίξειεν (active optative singular third-person)
στίξαι (active optative singular third-person)
στίξαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
στιξαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
στίξαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
στίξαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
στίξειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
στίξαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
στῖξον (active imperative second-person singular)
στιξᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
στίξᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
στιξᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
στίξᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
στιξᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐστιξᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐστίξω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐστίξᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐστίξᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐστιξᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐστιξᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐστίξᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐστίξᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
στίξωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
στίξῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
στίξηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
στίξησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
στίξησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
στιξώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
στίξησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
στίξωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
στιξαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
στίξαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
στίξαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
στίξαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
στιξαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
στιξαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
στίξαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
στίξαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
στῖξαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
στιξᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
στίξᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
στιξᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
στίξᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
στιξᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐστίχθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐστίχθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐστίχθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐστίχθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐστιχθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐστίχθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐστίχθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐστίχθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
στιχθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
στιχθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
στιχθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
στιχθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
στιχθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
στιχθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
στιχθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
στιχθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
στιχθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
στιχθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
στιχθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
στιχθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
στιχθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
στιχθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
στιχθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
στιχθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
στιχθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
στιχθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
στιχθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
στιχθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
στιχθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
στιχθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
στίχθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
στιχθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
στίχθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
στιχθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
στίχθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
στιχθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
στῖξαι (active infinitive)
στίξᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
στιχθῆναι (infinitive passive)
στίξᾱς (active masculine participle)
στιξᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
στιχθείς (masculine participle passive)
στίξᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
στιξᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
στιχθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
στῖξᾰν (active neuter participle)
στιξᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
στιχθέν (neuter participle passive)
ἔστιγμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἔστιξαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἔστικται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἔστιχθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἔστιχθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐστίγμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἔστιχθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐστίγᾰται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἐστιγμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἐστιγμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐστιγμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐστιγμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἐστιγμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἐστιγμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἐστιγμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἐστιγμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐστιγμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐστιγμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἐστιγμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἐστιγμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἐστιγμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἐστιγμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἐστιγμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἐστιγμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἐστιγμένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἔστιξο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐστίχθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἔστιχθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἐστίχθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἔστιχθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐστίχθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἐστῖχθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἐστιγμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἐστιγμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἐστιγμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)

⇒ Translingual: Stizus

From Proto-Hellenic *stiďďō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stikkô, whence English stick.


κλάδος

grc-noun

κλᾰ́δος • (klắdos) m (genitive κλᾰ́δου); second declension

κλᾰ́δος (canonical)
klắdos (romanization)
κλᾰ́δου (genitive)
ὁ κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ κλᾰ́δοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλᾰ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ κλᾰ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλᾰ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν κλᾰ́δον (accusative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλᾰ́δους (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δε (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δω (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δοι (plural vocative)
ὁ κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
οἱ κλᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλᾰδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κλᾰδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλᾰσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλᾰσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs klăsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν κλᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δος (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δες (plural vocative)
κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
κλᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
κλᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
κλᾰδός (genitive singular)
κλᾰδοῖῐν (dual genitive)
κλᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
κλᾰδέων (genitive plural)
κλᾰδῐ́ (dative singular)
κλᾰδοῖῐν (dative dual)
κλᾰσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δεσσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δεσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰδέεσσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
κλᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
κλᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δος (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κλᾰδῶν/κλᾰδέων

κλᾰσῐ́/κλᾰ́δεσσῐ/κλᾰ́δεσῐ/κλᾰδέεσσῐ

→ English: clade

→ Czech: klad

→ Esperanto: klado

→ Estonian: klaad

→ Finnish: kladi

→ French: clade

→ Polish: klad

→ Portuguese: clado

→ Spanish: clado

→ Greek: κλάδος (kládos) (learned)

→ New Latin: cladus

→ English: cladus

→ Italian: clado

Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *klə́dos, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥d-o-s (“piece of wood”), which is traditionally linked to *kelh₂- (“to break”). Often compared with Proto-Slavic *kòlda (“block, log”) and Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”). Beekes is skeptical enough of Indo-European origin and particularly the connection of the reconstructed root to *kelh₂- to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, though not skeptical enough to reject an Indo-European origin entirely.
Other potential cognates include Latin clādes, Old Irish caill, Macedonian клада (klada).

der

(botany) young slip or shoot of a tree, such as is broken off for grafting


πίσσα

grc-noun

πίσσᾰ • (píssă) f (genitive πίσσης); first declension

πίσσᾰ (canonical)
píssă (romanization)
πίσσης (genitive)
ἡ πῐ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
πῐ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐ́σσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

Pontic Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ፔሳ (pesa, “pitch, tar”), ፒሳ (pisa)

→? Laz: ფისა (pisa)

→? Mingrelian: ფირსა (pirsa)

desctree

→? Old Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
→ Armenian: փիս (pʻis), փիսի (pʻisi)
→ Bats: ფის (pis)
→ Ossetian: писи (pisi), песи (pesi)

→? Svan: ფისე (pise)

desc

→ Turkish: pise, pusa, püse, bise, pis, püs, pus, piz, püz, pürz (dialectal)

From Proto-Hellenic *píťťa, suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂, from *pī́ts (“resin”) + *-ih₂, cognate with Albanian píshë (“pine tree”), and related to πίτυς (pítus, “pine”).


πέρας

grc-noun

πέρας • (péras) n (genitive πέρᾰτος); third declension

péras (romanization)
πέρᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πέρᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν περᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πέρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν περᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πέρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pérăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pérăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ πέρᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πέρᾰς (singular vocative)
πέρᾰτε (dual vocative)
πέρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πέρας (péras)

Perhaps akin to πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to run through”) or περάω (peráō, “to drive right through”), see also πέρα (péra) and πέραν (péran), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pierce”).

γραμμῆς δὲ πέρατα σημεῖα.

And the extremities of a line [are] points.


διάρροια

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ • (dĭắrrhoiă) f (genitive δῐᾰρροίᾱς); first declension

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (canonical)
dĭắrrhoiă (romanization)
δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰρροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰρροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰρροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάρροια (diárroia)

Latin: diarrhoea

affix

δῐᾰρρέω (dĭărrhéō) + -ιᾰ (-iă)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 3.21

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 150

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 85e

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 605a.27

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 30

(medicine, once fully as κοιλίας διάρροια) flowing through, diarrhoea


μαστίχη

grc-noun

μαστίχη • (mastíkhē) f (genitive μαστίχης); first declension

mastíkhē (romanization)
μαστίχης (genitive)
ἡ μαστίχη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαστίχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαστίχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαστιχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαστίχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαστίχαις (dative plural)
τὴν μαστίχην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαστίχᾱς (accusative plural)
μαστίχη (singular vocative)
μαστίχᾱ (dual vocative)
μαστίχαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μαστίχα (mastícha)

desctree

→ Arabic: مُصْطَكَى (muṣṭakā), مُصْطَكَاء (muṣṭakāʔ), مُصْطَكِيّ (muṣṭakiyy), مِسْتَكَة (mistaka), مِسْتَكِيّ (mistakiyy), مَسْتِيك (mastīk) — more dialectal
→ Azerbaijani: mastika
→ Egyptian Arabic: مستيكة (mastika)
→ Persian: مصطکی (mastaki)
→ Moroccan Arabic: مسكة (maska)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ماستقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستیقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستكی (masteki)
Turkish: mastika

desc

→ Hebrew: מַסְטִיק (mástik), מַסְטִיקָא (mastíka)

desctree

→ Latin: mastiche
Old French: mastic
→ Middle English: mastik, mastyk, masstyk, mastykk, mastike, mastic, mastix
English: mastic


βλέννα

grc-noun

βλέννα • (blénna) f (genitive βλέννης); first declension

blénna (romanization)
βλέννης (genitive)
ἡ βλέννᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βλένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βλέννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βλέννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βλένναις (dative plural)
τὴν βλέννᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βλέννᾱς (accusative plural)
βλέννᾰ (singular vocative)
βλέννᾱ (dual vocative)
βλένναι (plural vocative)

Often connected with Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, gentle”) and Middle Irish blind (“slime from the mouth of a dead man”). However, according to Furnée, the variations would prove a Pre-Greek origin.


θάμνος

grc-noun

θᾰ́μνος • (thắmnos) m or f (genitive θᾰ́μνου); second declension

θᾰ́μνος (canonical)
thắmnos (romanization)
θᾰ́μνου (genitive)
ὁ θᾰ́μνος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́μνω (dual nominative)
οἱ θᾰ́μνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰ́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰ́μνων (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰ́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́μνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰ́μνοις (dative plural)
τὸν θᾰ́μνον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́μνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θᾰ́μνους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́μνε (singular vocative)
θᾰ́μνω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́μνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: θάμνος (thámnos)

This word exists next to θαμινός (thaminós, “crowded, close-set”) and θαμά (thamá, “often”) just as πυκνός (puknós, “thick, dense”) next to πυκινός (pukinós, “thick”) and πύκα (púka, “thickly, strongly”); the barytonesis is caused by the substantivization. Not, as per Alessio, related to Latin tamnus (“kind of grape”). With its ending in -αμνος, the word seems Pre-Greek; its meaning makes this quite possible.


κόκκυξ

κόκκῡξ • (kókkūx) m (genitive κόκκῡγος); third declension

κόκκῡξ (canonical)
kókkūx (romanization)
κόκκῡγος (genitive)
ὁ κόκκῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκῡγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκῡγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκῡ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῡγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκῡξῐ (dative plural)
κόκκῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxĭ (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκῡγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκῡγᾰς (accusative plural)
κόκκῡξ (singular vocative)
κόκκῡγε (dual vocative)
κόκκῡγες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coccyx

From Proto-Hellenic *kókkūks, eventually from the same onomatopoeic root of κόκκῡ (kókkū, “cry of the cuckoo”) and κοκκύζω (kokkúzō, “to cry cuckoo”). Compare also English cuckoo, Latin cucūlus (“cuckoo”) and Greek κούκος (koúkos, “cuckoo”), which are all onomatopoeias.


ἐγκέφαλος

ἐγκέφᾰλος (canonical)
enképhălos (romanization)
ἐγκέφᾰλον (neuter)
ἐγκέφᾰλος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
ἐγκέφᾰλον (neuter nominative singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual neuter nominative)
ἐγκέφᾰλοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λου (genitive neuter singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive neuter)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λων (genitive neuter plural)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative neuter singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual neuter)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις (dative neuter plural)
ἐγκέφᾰλον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ἐγκέφᾰλον (accusative neuter singular)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual neuter)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
ἐγκέφᾰλε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
ἐγκέφᾰλον (neuter singular vocative)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual neuter vocative)
ἐγκέφᾰλοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ἐγκεφᾰλώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἐγκεφᾰλώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From ἐν- (en-, “in”) + κεφᾰλή (kephălḗ, “head”) + -ος (-os).


μαγεία

grc-noun

μᾰγείᾱ • (măgeíā) f (genitive μᾰγείᾱς); first declension

μᾰγείᾱ (canonical)
măgeíā (romanization)
μᾰγείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μᾰγείᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ μᾰγεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰγείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν μᾰγειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰγείᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς μᾰγείαις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰγείᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰγείᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰγείᾱ (singular vocative)
μᾰγεῖαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μαγεία (mageía), μάγια (mágia)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲁⲅⲓⲁ (magia)

→ Georgian: მაგია (magia)

→ Late Latin: magīa (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ма́гия (mágija)

→ Ukrainian: ма́гія (máhija)


συνοικία

σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ • (sŭnoikĭ́ā) f (genitive σῠνοικῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
sŭnoikĭ́ā (romanization)
σῠνοικῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠνοικῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠνοικῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠνοικῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠνοικῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠνοικῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠνοικῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠνοικῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠνοικῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠνοικῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σῠνοικῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠνοικῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: συνοικία (synoikía)

From σύνοικος (súnoikos, “dwelling in the same house”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā), the former from συν- (sun-) + οἶκος (oîkos).

af

body of people living together, community, settlement


εἰδητικός

εἰδητῐκός (canonical)
eidētĭkós (romanization)
εἰδητῐκή (feminine)
εἰδητῐκόν (neuter)
εἰδητῐκός (masculine nominative singular)
εἰδητῐκή (feminine nominative singular)
εἰδητῐκόν (neuter nominative singular)
εἰδητῐκώ (dual masculine nominative)
εἰδητῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
εἰδητῐκώ (dual neuter nominative)
εἰδητῐκοί (masculine nominative plural)
εἰδητῐκαί (feminine nominative plural)
εἰδητῐκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
εἰδητῐκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
εἰδητῐκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
εἰδητῐκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
εἰδητῐκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
εἰδητῐκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
εἰδητῐκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
εἰδητῐκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
εἰδητῐκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
εἰδητῐκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
εἰδητῐκῷ (dative masculine singular)
εἰδητῐκῇ (dative feminine singular)
εἰδητῐκῷ (dative neuter singular)
εἰδητῐκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
εἰδητῐκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
εἰδητῐκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
εἰδητῐκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
εἰδητῐκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
εἰδητῐκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
εἰδητῐκόν (accusative masculine singular)
εἰδητῐκήν (accusative feminine singular)
εἰδητῐκόν (accusative neuter singular)
εἰδητῐκώ (accusative dual masculine)
εἰδητῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
εἰδητῐκώ (accusative dual neuter)
εἰδητῐκούς (accusative masculine plural)
εἰδητῐκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
εἰδητῐκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
εἰδητῐκέ (masculine singular vocative)
εἰδητῐκή (feminine singular vocative)
εἰδητῐκόν (neuter singular vocative)
εἰδητῐκώ (dual masculine vocative)
εἰδητῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
εἰδητῐκώ (dual neuter vocative)
εἰδητῐκοί (masculine plural vocative)
εἰδητῐκαί (feminine plural vocative)
εἰδητῐκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
εἰδητῐκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
εἰδητῐκώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
εἰδητῐκώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Catalan: eidètic

→ German: eidetisch

→ English: eidetic

From εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”) + -τῐκός (-tĭkós).

constituting an εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”), figurate


ἀστρολογία

grc-noun

ἀστρολογίᾱ • (astrologíā) f (genitive ἀστρολογίᾱς); first declension

ἀστρολογίᾱ (canonical)
astrologíā (romanization)
ἀστρολογίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀστρολογίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς ἀστρολογίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ ἀστρολογίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν ἀστρολογίᾱν (accusative singular)
ἀστρολογίᾱ (singular vocative)

From ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) + λόγος (lógos, “account”).


ἀδάμας

grc-noun

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς • (adắmās) m (genitive ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος); third declension

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς (canonical)
adắmās (romanization)
ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ădắmāsĭ (dative plural)
toîs ădắmāsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰν (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: adamās
→ Albanian: adham
→ English: adamant, diamond (via Old French)
→ Irish: adhmaint
Italian: adamante
Portuguese: adamante
Spanish: adamante
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *adimas, *adimantem, *diamas, *diamantem
Catalan: imant, diamant (via French)
Old French: aimant, diamant
French: aimant, diamant (see there for further descendants)
Italian: diamante
Istriot: giamanto
Portuguese: diamante, ímã
Sicilian: damanti, diamanti
Spanish: diamante, imán

→ Old Armenian: ադամանդ (adamand)

→ Old Georgian: ანდამატიაჲ (andamaṭiay), ადამანტი (adamanṭi), ადამატი (adamaṭi), ადამაჲ (adamay)
Georgian: ანდამატი (andamaṭi)

Often derived from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + δαμνάω (damnáō, “conquer”), as “indomitable”, but Beekes remarks that semantically this is strange and the word is rather a Semitic borrowing that was adapted by folk etymology; compare Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (adamu) or 𒋤𒉘 (elmēšu [SUD.ÁG], “a valuable stone, perhaps amber”). Middle Persian ʾlmʾs (almās) is probably from the same source.

adamant, the hardest metal (probably steel)


κοχλίας

grc-noun

κοχλῐ́ᾱς • (kokhlĭ́ās) m (genitive κοχλίου); first declension

κοχλῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
kokhlĭ́ās (romanization)
κοχλίου (genitive)
ὁ κοχλῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κοχλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοχλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοχλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κοχλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοχλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν κοχλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοχλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοχλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοχλίας (kochlías)

→ Latin: coclea

From κόχλος (kókhlos, “shellfish with a spiral shell”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-ĭ́ās, nominal suffix).

af

anything twisted spirally:
(surgery) part of a surgical machine

anything twisted spirally:
part of a surgical machine


κόλον

grc-noun

κόλον • (kólon) n (genitive κόλου); second declension

kólon (romanization)
κόλου (genitive)
τὸ κόλον (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόλοις (dative plural)
τὸ κόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόλᾰ (accusative plural)
κόλον (singular vocative)
κόλω (dual vocative)
κόλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κόλον (kólon) (learned)

→ Latin: colon (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܠܘܢ (qōlōn)

Uncertain. Grammarians of Hellenistic times proposed relation to βουκόλος (boukólos, “tending kine”), δύσκολος (dúskolos, “difficult”), κόλαξ (kólax, “flatterer”). Other theories include κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, club-footed”) and κόλος (kólos, “docked, hornless”). No relation to κῶλον (kôlon, “limb”).

(anatomy) colon (last part of the digestive system)


φλοιός

φλοιός • (phloiós) m (genitive φλοιοῦ); second declension

phloiós (romanization)
φλοιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φλοιός (nominative singular)
τὼ φλοιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φλοιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φλοιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλοιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φλοιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλοιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φλοιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φλοιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φλοιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φλοιούς (accusative plural)
φλοιέ (singular vocative)
φλοιώ (dual vocative)
φλοιοί (plural vocative)

Formally, it belongs to φλέω (phléō, “to abound”) together with φλόος (phlóos, “skin, slough”). Semantically, the connection with φλέω (phléō) is clear in ὑπέρφλοιος (hupérphloios, “luxuriant, succulent”). Frisk thinks that the rind may have received its name from its being rich in flesh and juice, as opposed to the wood underneath. However, it could also be from the same Pre-Greek of φλέως (phléōs, “Ravenna grass”), which is suggested for φλέω (phléō) too.

(botany) bark of trees, especially smooth bark


κέλυφος

κέλῡφος • (kélūphos) n (genitive κελῡ́φους); third declension

κέλῡφος (canonical)
kélūphos (romanization)
κελῡ́φους (genitive)
τὸ κέλῡφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κελῡ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κελῡ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κελῡ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κελῡφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κελῡφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κελῡ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν κελῡφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κελῡ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
κελῡ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kelū́phesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kelū́phesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κέλῡφος (accusative singular)
τὼ κελῡ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κελῡ́φη (accusative plural)
κέλῡφος (singular vocative)
κελῡ́φει (dual vocative)
κελῡ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: κέλυφος (kélyfos)

According to Beekes, connected with the group of καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), with a Pre-Greek suffix.


γύψος

γύψος • (gúpsos) f (genitive γύψου); second declension

gúpsos (romanization)
γύψου (genitive)
ἡ γῠ́ψος (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (dual nominative)
αἱ γῠ́ψοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γῠ́ψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠ́ψων (genitive plural)
τῇ γῠ́ψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γῠ́ψοις (dative plural)
τὴν γῠ́ψον (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γῠ́ψους (accusative plural)
γῠ́ψε (singular vocative)
γῠ́ψω (dual vocative)
γῠ́ψοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: جِبْس (jibs)

→ Greek: γύψος (gýpsos)

→ Latin: gypsum (see there for further descendants)


γνάθος

γνᾰ́θος • (gnắthos) f (genitive γνᾰ́θου); second declension

γνᾰ́θος (canonical)
gnắthos (romanization)
γνᾰ́θου (genitive)
ἡ γνᾰ́θος (nominative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (dual nominative)
αἱ γνᾰ́θοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γνᾰ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γνᾰ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ γνᾰ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γνᾰ́θοις (dative plural)
τὴν γνᾰ́θον (accusative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γνᾰ́θους (accusative plural)
γνᾰ́θε (singular vocative)
γνᾰ́θω (dual vocative)
γνᾰ́θοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos)

→⇒ English: gnatho- (learned)

→ Late Latin: ganathus (learned)

desctree

→⇒ Italian: ganascia
→ French: ganache
→ English: ganache

→⇒ New Latin: eurygnathus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₂dʰ-os, from a root *ǵneh₂dʰ-, related to *ǵénu- (“jaw, cheek, chin”), despite (as Beekes objects) not yielding *γνᾱθος as may be expected. Cognate with Lithuanian žándas (“cheek”) and English chin.


λευκόχρυσος

grc-noun

λευκοχρῡ́σου

λευκόχρῡσος • (leukókhrūsos) f (genitive λευκοχρῡ́σου); second declension

λευκόχρῡσος (canonical)
leukókhrūsos (romanization)
λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόχρῡσος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόχρῡσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοχρῡ́σων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοχρῡ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοχρῡ́σοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόχρῡσον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοχρῡ́σους (accusative plural)
λευκόχρῡσε (singular vocative)
λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual vocative)
λευκόχρῡσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λευκόχρυσος (lefkóchrysos)

→ Latin: leucochrȳsos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”).


συμπέρασμα

grc-noun

σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος

σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ • (sŭmpérăsmă) n (genitive σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension

σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ (canonical)
sŭmpérăsmă (romanization)
σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sŭmperắsmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs sŭmperắsmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος

Greek: συμπέρασμα (sympérasma)

From σῠμπεραίνω (sŭmperaínō) + -μᾰ (-mă)

af

σῠμπεραίνω (sŭmperaínō) + -μᾰ (-mă)

Ἐν μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἄλλοις τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον δειχθήσεται διὰ τῆς ἀντιστροφῆς τὸ συμπέρασμα ἀναγκαῖον, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑπάρχειν·

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 30a.4–5

1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick
Thus in all the other cases the conclusion will be shown to be necessary in the same way as in an assertoric syllogism, by means of conversion;

En mèn oûn toîs állois tòn autòn trópon deikhthḗsetai dià tês antistrophês tò sumpérasma anankaîon, hṓsper epì toû hupárkhein;

ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως πλείους οἱ συλλογισμοί· πλείω γὰρ τὰ συμπεράσματά ἐστιν, οἷον τό τε Α καὶ τὸ Β καὶ τὸ Γ. εἰ δ’ οὖν μὴ πλείους ἀλλ’ εἷς, οὕτω μὲν ἐνδέχεται γενέσθαι διὰ πλειόνων τὸ αὐτὸ συμπέρασμα, ὡς δὲ τὸ Γ διὰ τῶν ΑΒ ἀδύνατον.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 42a.4–8

1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick
but here again there will be several syllogisms, since there are several conclusions, viz., A, B and C. If it be granted that these are not several syllogisms but only one, then the same conclusion can be reached by more than three terms in this way; but it cannot be reached as C is by means of A and B.

allà kaì hoútōs pleíous hoi sullogismoí; pleíō gàr tà sumperásmatá estin, hoîon tó te A kaì tò B kaì tò G. ei d’ oûn mḕ pleíous all’ heîs, hoútō mèn endékhetai genésthai dià pleiónōn tò autò sumpérasma, hōs dè tò G dià tôn AB adúnaton.

ὅσα γὰρ ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ μέσον ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ συμπέρασμά ἐστιν, ἁπάντων ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς συλλογισμός, ἐὰν τὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τὰ δ’ ἐν τῷ συμπεράσματι τεθῇ·

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 53a.17–19

1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick
The same syllogism will hold good of all terms which are subordinate to the middle term or the conclusion, if these terms are placed respectively in the middle and in the conclusion.

hósa gàr ḕ hupò tò méson ḕ hupò tò sumpérasmá estin, hapántōn éstai ho autòs sullogismós, eàn tà mèn en tôi mésōi tà d’ en tôi sumperásmati tethêi;

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 155b.23

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Stoic. 2.78

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lysander 25

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, M. 969c

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.550

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.633

finishing, end
(logic) conclusion in a syllogism

finishing, end
conclusion in a syllogism

412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements 75.F.

10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Definitiones 136.13

(mathematics) conclusion of a proposition

finishing, end
conclusion of a proposition


πολιτική

grc-noun

πολῑτῐκή • (polītĭkḗ) f (genitive πολῑτῐκῆς); first declension

πολῑτῐκή (canonical)
polītĭkḗ (romanization)
πολῑτῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ πολῑτῐκή (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῑτῐκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πολῑτῐκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς πολῑτῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῑτῐκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῑτῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πολῑτῐκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῑτῐκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πολῑτῐκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πολῑτῐκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῑτῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πολῑτῐκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πολῑτῐκή (singular vocative)
πολῑτῐκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πολῑτῐκαί (plural vocative)


σταφυλή

σταφυλή • (staphulḗ) f (genitive σταφυλῆς); first declension

staphulḗ (romanization)
σταφυλῆς (genitive)
ἡ σταφυλή (nominative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σταφυλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σταφυλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σταφυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σταφυλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σταφυλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σταφυλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σταφυλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σταφυλή (singular vocative)
σταφυλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σταφυλαί (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: σταφύλιον (staphúlion)

Greek: σταφύλι (stafýli)

Though traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to be stiff; post”) (compare Sanskrit स्तम्भ (stambha, “pillar”), Old English stæf (“staff”)) via an assumed intermediate sense “stem”, according to Beekes, the word is clearly Pre-Greek, along with the related στέμφυλα (stémphula, “bunch of (pressed) olives or grapes”) and ἀσταφίς (astaphís, “dried grapes”). It must be noted that the usual Avar word for “grape” is цӏибил (cʼibil) and is internally derived in Caucasian.


βαρύτονος

βᾰρῠ́τονος (canonical)
bărŭ́tonos (romanization)
βᾰρῠ́τονον (neuter)
βᾰρῠ́τονος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
βᾰρῠ́τονον (neuter nominative singular)
βᾰρῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
βᾰρῠτόνω (dual neuter nominative)
βᾰρῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
βᾰρῠ́τονᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
βᾰρῠτόνου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
βᾰρῠτόνου (genitive neuter singular)
βᾰρῠτόνοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
βᾰρῠτόνοιν (dual genitive neuter)
βᾰρῠτόνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
βᾰρῠτόνων (genitive neuter plural)
βᾰρῠτόνῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
βᾰρῠτόνῳ (dative neuter singular)
βᾰρῠτόνοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
βᾰρῠτόνοιν (dative dual neuter)
βᾰρῠτόνοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
βᾰρῠτόνοις (dative neuter plural)
βᾰρῠ́τονον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
βᾰρῠ́τονον (accusative neuter singular)
βᾰρῠτόνω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
βᾰρῠτόνω (accusative dual neuter)
βᾰρῠτόνους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
βᾰρῠ́τονᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
βᾰρῠ́τονε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
βᾰρῠ́τονον (neuter singular vocative)
βᾰρῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
βᾰρῠτόνω (dual neuter vocative)
βᾰρῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
βᾰρῠ́τονᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
βᾰρῠτόνως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
βᾰρῠτονώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
βᾰρῠτονώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

af

βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s) + τόνος (tónos)

(grammar) (of words) barytone; having its acute accent on the last syllable changed to a grave accent (i.e. no accent at all)


παροξύτονος

πᾰροξῠ́τονος (canonical)
păroxŭ́tonos (romanization)
πᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter)
πᾰροξῠ́τονος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
πᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter nominative singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (dual neuter nominative)
πᾰροξῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
πᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
πᾰροξῠτόνου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνου (genitive neuter singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
πᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dual genitive neuter)
πᾰροξῠτόνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
πᾰροξῠτόνων (genitive neuter plural)
πᾰροξῠτόνῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνῳ (dative neuter singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
πᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dative dual neuter)
πᾰροξῠτόνοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
πᾰροξῠτόνοις (dative neuter plural)
πᾰροξῠ́τονον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
πᾰροξῠ́τονον (accusative neuter singular)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (accusative dual neuter)
πᾰροξῠτόνους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
πᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
πᾰροξῠ́τονε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
πᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter singular vocative)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
πᾰροξῠτόνω (dual neuter vocative)
πᾰροξῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
πᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
πᾰροξῠτόνως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
πᾰροξῠτονώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
πᾰροξῠτονώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

grc-adecl

πᾰροξῠ́τονος

From πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “next to”) + ὀξῠ́τονος (oxŭ́tonos).


προπαροξύτονος

προπᾰροξῠ́τονος (canonical)
propăroxŭ́tonos (romanization)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter nominative singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (dual neuter nominative)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
προπᾰροξῠτόνου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνου (genitive neuter singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dual genitive neuter)
προπᾰροξῠτόνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
προπᾰροξῠτόνων (genitive neuter plural)
προπᾰροξῠτόνῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνῳ (dative neuter singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοιν (dative dual neuter)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
προπᾰροξῠτόνοις (dative neuter plural)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονον (accusative neuter singular)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (accusative dual neuter)
προπᾰροξῠτόνους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονον (neuter singular vocative)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
προπᾰροξῠτόνω (dual neuter vocative)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
προπᾰροξῠ́τονᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
προπᾰροξῠτόνως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
προπᾰροξῠτονώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
προπᾰροξῠτονώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

grc-adecl

προπᾰροξῠ́τονος

From προ- (pro-, “before”) + πᾰροξῠ́τονος (păroxŭ́tonos).

af

πᾰροξῠ́τονος


γυναικών

grc-noun

γῠναικών • (gŭnaikṓn) m (genitive γῠναικῶνος); third declension

γῠναικών (canonical)
gŭnaikṓn (romanization)
γῠναικῶνος (genitive)
ὁ γῠναικών (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠναικῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ γῠναικῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ γῠναικῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠναικώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠναικώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ γῠναικῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠναικώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γῠναικῶσῐ (dative plural)
γῠναικῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gŭnaikôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs gŭnaikôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν γῠναικῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠναικῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς γῠναικῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
γῠναικών (singular vocative)
γῠναικῶνε (dual vocative)
γῠναικῶνες (plural vocative)

Greek: γυναικών (gynaikón)

desc

γυναικωνίτης

Greek: γυναικωνίτης (gynaikonítis)

ἄλλοι δὲ ἄνθρωποι, ὡς δοῦλοι, ἐν ἄλλοις οἰκήμασιν καθεύδουσιν, οἱ ἄνδρες ἐν ἑνὶ οἰκήματι, τῷ ἀνδρῶνι, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἐν ἑνὶ ἄλλῳ οἰκήματι, τῷ γυναικῶνι.

2022 May 18, Seumas Macdonald, chapter 5, in Linguae Graecae Per Se Illustrata:

The other humans, like the slaves, sleep in the other rooms, with the men in one room—the men's quarters, and the women in one room—the women's quarters.

álloi dè ánthrōpoi, hōs doûloi, en állois oikḗmasin katheúdousin, hoi ándres en henì oikḗmati, tôi andrôni, hai dè gunaîkes en henì állōi oikḗmati, tôi gunaikôni.


κύαμος

grc-noun

κῠ́ᾰμος • (kŭ́ămos) m (genitive κῠᾰ́μου); second declension

κῠ́ᾰμος (canonical)
kŭ́ămos (romanization)
κῠᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́ᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́ᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́ᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
κῠ́ᾰμε (singular vocative)
κῠᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κῠ́ᾰμοι (plural vocative)

Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of variations and rejects a derivation from κυέω (kuéō). Possibly connected to Classical Syriac ܓܘܡܐ (gūmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גוגמא, גגמא (“bean”).


πώγων

πώγων • (pṓgōn) m (genitive πώγωνος); third declension

pṓgōn (romanization)
πώγωνος (genitive)
ὁ πώγων (nominative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πώγωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώγωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πωγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώγωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώγωσῐ (dative plural)
πώγωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πώγωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώγωνᾰς (accusative plural)
πώγων (singular vocative)
πώγωνε (dual vocative)
πώγωνες (plural vocative)

→ English: pogono-


κόμμι

κόμμῐ • (kómmĭ) n (genitive κόμμεως); third declension

κόμμῐ (canonical)
kómmĭ (romanization)
κόμμεως (genitive)
τὸ κόμμῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (nominative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμμεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόμμεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμμει (dative singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμμεσῐ (dative plural)
κόμμεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kómmesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kómmesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κόμμῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (accusative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (accusative plural)
κόμμῐ (singular vocative)
κόμμει (dual vocative)
κόμμη (plural vocative)
κόμμεᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Aramaic: (“gum particularly of acacia”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קוֹמָּא (qommā), קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

Classical Syriac: ܩܘܡܐ (qommā), ܩܡܘܣ (qammūs), ܩܡܘܨ (qammūṣ), ܩܡܘܙ (qammūz)

→ Middle Hebrew: קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

→ Latin: cummis, gummis, commis, cummi, gummi, commi (see there for further descendants)

From Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Vachellia nilotica
Vachellia nilotica#Translingual

gum, obtained from babul (Vachellia nilotica)


βάτος

grc-noun

βᾰ́τος • (bắtos) f (genitive βᾰ́του); second declension

βᾰ́τος (canonical)
bắtos (romanization)
βᾰ́του (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́τοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́τον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́τε (singular vocative)
βᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́τοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βάτος (vátos)

→ Amharic: ባጦስ (baṭos)

→ Arabic: بَاطُس (bāṭus)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ (batos)

⇒ English: batology

desc

→ Ge'ez: ባጦስ (baṭos), ጳጦስ (p̣aṭos), ጰጦስ (p̣äṭos)

→ Latin: batus

Said by Beekes to be a Mediterranean wanderwort; substrate common to μαντία (mantía, “blackberry”) (Dacian loan), and Albanian man (“mulberry”), Gheg mand.


κρημνός

grc-noun

κρημνός • (krēmnós) m (genitive κρημνοῦ); second declension

krēmnós (romanization)
κρημνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρημνός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρημνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρημνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρημνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρημνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρημνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρημνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρημνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρημνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρημνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρημνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρημνούς (accusative plural)
κρημνέ (singular vocative)
κρημνώ (dual vocative)
κρημνοί (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered an old verbal noun from κρεμάννυμι (kremánnumi, “to hang”), however Beekes finds this impossible and leaves the etymology unexplained. Since a root-final -α- would be expected, and landscape terms are often borrowed from substrate languages, the word is probably Pre-Greek. The suffix -(ᾱ)μν-ο- (-(ā)mn-o-) is also considered Pre-Greek by Beekes.

unk

unexplained

(in the plural) (medicine) edges of an ulcer


δανειστής

grc-noun

δᾰνειστής • (dăneistḗs) m (genitive δᾰνειστοῦ); first declension

δᾰνειστής (canonical)
dăneistḗs (romanization)
δᾰνειστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δᾰνειστής (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰνειστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ δᾰνεισταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰνειστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰνεισταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰνειστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰνειστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰνεισταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰνεισταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δᾰνειστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰνειστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δᾰνειστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δᾰνειστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
δᾰνειστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δᾰνεισταί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: danīsta

From δᾰνείζω (dăneízō, “to lend money”) + -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix).


λαγών

grc-noun

λᾰγών • (lăgṓn) f or m (genitive λᾰγόνος); third declension

λᾰγών (canonical)
lăgṓn (romanization)
λᾰγόνος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λᾰγών (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λᾰγόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λᾰγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λᾰγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λᾰγόσῐ (dative plural)
λᾰγόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs lăgósĭ (dative plural)
taîs lăgósĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λᾰγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰγών (singular vocative)
λᾰγόνε (dual vocative)
λᾰγόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: λαγόνα (lagóna)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₁g- (“weak, faint”) the same root of λαγαρός (lagarós, “hollow, sunken”), λαγαίω (lagaíō, “to release”), λάγνος (lágnos, “lascivious”), λήγω (lḗgō, “to stop, cease”) and λωγάνιον (lōgánion, “dewlap of oxen”).

der

(anatomy) hollow on each side below the ribs, flank


πριαπισμός

grc-noun

πρῐᾱπισμός • (prĭāpismós) m (genitive πρῐᾱπισμοῦ); second declension

πρῐᾱπισμός (canonical)
prĭāpismós (romanization)
πρῐᾱπισμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πρῐᾱπισμός (nominative singular)
τοῦ πρῐᾱπισμοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ πρῐᾱπισμῷ (dative singular)
τὸν πρῐᾱπισμόν (accusative singular)
πρῐᾱπισμέ (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: priapisme

→ Danish: priapisme

→ Dutch: priapisme

→ English: priapism

→ French: priapisme

→ Indonesian: priapisme

→ Italian: priapismo

→ Norwegian Bokmål: priapisme

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: priapisme

→ Portuguese: priapismo

→ Romanian: priapism

→ Spanish: priapismo

From Πρίᾱπος (Príāpos) + -ισμός (-ismós).


δοθιήν

δοθῐήν • (dothĭḗn) m (genitive δοθῐῆνος); third declension

δοθῐήν (canonical)
dothĭḗn (romanization)
δοθῐῆνος (genitive)
ὁ δοθῐήν (nominative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ δοθῐῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δοθῐῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοθῐήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δοθῐῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δοθῐῆσῐ (dative plural)
δοθῐῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dothĭêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs dothĭêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δοθῐῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δοθῐῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
δοθῐήν (singular vocative)
δοθῐῆνε (dual vocative)
δοθῐῆνες (plural vocative)

English: dothienenteritis, dothienic

Greek: δοθιήνας (dothiínas)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On the Humors 20

500 BCE – 350 BCE, Hermippus, Collected Works 30

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1172

5th century BC, Telecleides 43

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.128.6


κόπρος

κόπρος • (kópros) f (genitive κόπρου); second declension

kópros (romanization)
κόπρου (genitive)
ἡ κόπρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόπρω (dual nominative)
αἱ κόπροι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόπρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόπροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόπρων (genitive plural)
τῇ κόπρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόπροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόπροις (dative plural)
τὴν κόπρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόπρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόπρους (accusative plural)
κόπρε (singular vocative)
κόπρω (dual vocative)
κόπροι (plural vocative)

→ English: copro-

Greek: κόπρος (kópros)

→ Italian: copro-

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-ro-s, thematicized from *ḱókʷr̥ (“excrement”). Cognates include Old Irish cechar (“quagmire, slough, bog”), Sanskrit शकृत् (śakṛt, “dung”), and Lithuanian šiknà (“arse”), šìkti (“defecate”).

cog

καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ, ἥ ῥα κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο μεγάλ’ ἤλιθα πολλή·

8th c. BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 9.329–330 (transl. A.T. Murray)

Then I laid it carefully away, hiding it beneath the dung, which lay in great heaps throughout the cave.

kaì tò mèn eû katéthēka katakrúpsas hupò kóprōi, hḗ rha katà speíous kékhuto megál’ ḗlitha pollḗ;


καλύβη

grc-noun

κᾰλῠ́βη • (kălŭ́bē) f (genitive κᾰλῠ́βης); first declension

κᾰλῠ́βη (canonical)
kălŭ́bē (romanization)
κᾰλῠ́βης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰλῠ́βη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰλῠ́βᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰλῠ́βαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰλῠ́βης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́βαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλῠβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰλῠ́βῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́βαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰλῠ́βαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰλῠ́βην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰλῠ́βᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰλῠ́βᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰλῠ́βη (singular vocative)
κᾰλῠ́βᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰλῠ́βαι (plural vocative)

Greek: καλύβα f (kalýva, “hut”)

Due to the presence of variations, probably from Pre-Greek.