γλῶττα

grc-noun

γλῶττα • (glôtta) f (genitive γλώττης); first declension

glôtta (romanization)
γλώττης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶτται (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώτταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώτταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώτταις (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώττᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶττᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώττᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶτται (plural vocative)


γλῶσσα

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssa) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension

γλῶσσᾰ (canonical)
glôssa (romanization)
γλώσσης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσέων (genitive plural)
γλωσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ (dative plural)
γλώσσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisi (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶσσᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γλώσσᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γλωσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γλώσσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώσσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γλώσσᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλώσσᾱ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)

Inherited

Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)

Italiot Greek: glossa

Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)

Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

Borrowed

→ English: glossa

desctree

→ Latin: glossa, glōsa; gloss. (abbreviation)
→ Catalan: glossa
→ Middle English: glosse
English: gloss
→ Middle High German: glōse
German: Glosse
Italian: chiosa, → glossa
→ Old French: glose
Middle French: glose
French: glose
→ Czech: glosa
→ Old Irish: glúas
Middle Irish: glúais
Irish: gluais
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
Portuguese: glosa
→ Old Spanish: glosa
Spanish: glosa
→ Polish: glosa
→ Romanian: glosă

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) + -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.


χρυσός

grc-noun

χρῡσός • (khrūsós) m (genitive χρῡσοῦ); second declension

χρῡσός (canonical)
khrūsós (romanization)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσός (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)
χρῡσός (nominative singular)
χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖο (genitive singular)
χρῡσόο (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dual genitive)
χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dative dual)
χρῡσοῖσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖσῐν (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
khrūsoîsi (dative plural)
khrūsoîsin (dative plural)
khrūsoîs (dative plural)
χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χρυσός (chrysós)

Mariupol Greek: хурсо́ (xursó) (as if from a neuter noun)

→ Latin: chrȳsos

Borrowed from a Semitic source, usually assumed to be Phoenician/Punic; compare Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤑 (ḥrṣ), Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥārûṣ), Akkadian 𒆬𒄀 (ḫurāṣum), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀬𐀰 (ku-ru-so).


χαλκός

χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension

χᾰλκός (canonical)
khalkós (romanization)
χᾰλκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χᾰλκός (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰλκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰλκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰλκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰλκούς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκέ (singular vocative)
χᾰλκώ (dual vocative)
χᾰλκοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)

desctree

→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)
→ French: harkous, harqous

Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from an eastern substrate.
Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a), 𐀏𐀒 (ka-ko, “copper”).

ἄνθος ἄνθος#English

the phrase χαλκοῦ ἄνθος (khalkoû ánthos): particle thrown off by copper while cooling


ὀπτός

optós (romanization)
ὀπτή (feminine)
ὀπτόν (neuter)
ὀπτός (masculine nominative singular)
ὀπτή (feminine nominative singular)
ὀπτόν (neuter nominative singular)
ὀπτώ (dual masculine nominative)
ὀπτᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ὀπτώ (dual neuter nominative)
ὀπτοί (masculine nominative plural)
ὀπταί (feminine nominative plural)
ὀπτᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ὀπτοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ὀπτῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ὀπτοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ὀπτοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ὀπταῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ὀπτοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ὀπτῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ὀπτῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ὀπτῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ὀπτῷ (dative masculine singular)
ὀπτῇ (dative feminine singular)
ὀπτῷ (dative neuter singular)
ὀπτοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ὀπταῖν (dative dual feminine)
ὀπτοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ὀπτοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ὀπταῖς (dative feminine plural)
ὀπτοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ὀπτόν (accusative masculine singular)
ὀπτήν (accusative feminine singular)
ὀπτόν (accusative neuter singular)
ὀπτώ (accusative dual masculine)
ὀπτᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ὀπτώ (accusative dual neuter)
ὀπτούς (accusative masculine plural)
ὀπτᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ὀπτᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὀπτέ (masculine singular vocative)
ὀπτή (feminine singular vocative)
ὀπτόν (neuter singular vocative)
ὀπτώ (dual masculine vocative)
ὀπτᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ὀπτώ (dual neuter vocative)
ὀπτοί (masculine plural vocative)
ὀπταί (feminine plural vocative)
ὀπτᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ὀπτῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπτότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπτότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

table
Unknown. Not related to πέσσω (péssō, “to soften, ripen; to cook, dress, bake”).


μόλυβδος

grc-noun

μόλυβδος • (mólubdos) m (genitive μολύβδου); second declension

mólubdos (romanization)
μολύβδου (genitive)
ὁ μόλῠβδος (nominative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόλῠβδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μολῠ́βδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μολῠ́βδων (genitive plural)
τῷ μολῠ́βδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μολῠ́βδοις (dative plural)
τὸν μόλῠβδον (accusative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μολῠ́βδους (accusative plural)
μόλῠβδε (singular vocative)
μολῠ́βδω (dual vocative)
μόλῠβδοι (plural vocative)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀗𐀪𐀺𐀈 (mo-ri-wo-do), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root *mergʷ- (“dark”), whence also English murky, Albanian marrtë (“dim as twilight; blurry”). Probably not cognate with Latin plumbum (“lead”), despite superficial similarity.


ἄργυρος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος • (árguros) m (genitive ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (canonical)
árguros (romanization)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

English: argyr-

Greek: άργυρος (árgyros)

From a u-stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀓𐀫 (a-ku-ro), Latin argentum, Sanskrit अर्जुन (árjuna) and Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ). See also ἀργός (argós, “white, bright”) and ἄργυφος (árguphos, “white, shining”).


κασσίτερος

grc-noun

κασσίτερος • (kassíteros) m (genitive κασσῐτέρου); second declension

kassíteros (romanization)
κασσῐτέρου (genitive)
ὁ κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
τὸν κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)
κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
κασσιτεροῖο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιο (genitive singular)
κασσιτερόο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dual genitive)
κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dative dual)
κασσιτέροισῐ (dative plural)
κασσιτέροισῐν (dative plural)
κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
kassitéroisi (dative plural)
kassitéroisin (dative plural)
kassitérois (dative plural)
κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κασσίτερος (kassíteros)

desc

→ Aramaic: קְסְטִירָא (qəsṭīrā), קַסִּיטְרָא (qassīṭrā)

→ Arabic: قَصْدِير (qaṣdīr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kòsitar

→ Slovene: kosítər

An Elamite origin has been suggested but, according to Beekes, the group "σσ/ττ" is typically Pre-Greek, so the word would have come from Greece or Western Anatolia, like μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”), but even if so, the word might still go back to Mesopotamia, representing the name of the Kassites, who settled near Elam and major sources of tin. Compare also the etymology of Arabic مَرْقَشِيتَا (marqašītā, “marcasite”). Related to Sanskrit कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

cog

مَرْقَشِيتَا


σίδηρος

grc-noun

σῐ́δηρος • (sídēros) m (genitive σῐδήρου); second declension

σῐ́δηρος (canonical)
sídēros (romanization)
σῐδήρου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδήροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)
σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
σῐδηροῖο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιο (genitive singular)
σῐδηρόο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dual genitive)
σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dative dual)
σῐδήροισῐ (dative plural)
σῐδήροισῐν (dative plural)
σῐδήροις (dative plural)
sidḗroisi (dative plural)
sidḗroisin (dative plural)
sidḗrois (dative plural)
σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)

Unclear and debated:
* One view compares it with Latin sīdus (“constellation, meteorite”), with this possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”), whence Latin sūdor (“sweat, moisture”), Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat, perspiration”), English sweat.
* One theory connects the word to words for "silver", like Lithuanian sidãbras and, by proxy, English silver.
* Another theory compares it with Udi zido (“iron”), indicating a Northeast Caucasian loanword. This is quite feasible, as the Greeks likely first learned of iron from Asia Minor.
* Finally, the word is very likely of Pre-Greek origin given its semantics, which has been compared with Ancient Greek σίδη (sídē, “pomegranate”), linked to the reconstruction *sida (“red”) thereby giving the meaning of σίδηρος (sídēros) as "red metal" (perhaps in relation to its red oxide ores and minerals).

ὑποσίδηρος

having a mixture or proportion of iron in it


ψευδάργυρος

grc-noun

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος • (pseudárguros) m (genitive ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου); second declension

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (canonical)
pseudárguros (romanization)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψευδᾰργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψευδᾰργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ψευδᾰ́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψευδᾰργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

Greek: ψευδάργυρος (psevdárgyros)

From ψευδο- (pseudo-, “false”) + ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”).

af

λίθος περὶ τὰ Ἄνδειρα͵ ὃς καιόμενος σίδηρος γίνεται· εἶτα μετὰ γῆς τινος καμινευθεὶς ἀποστάζει ψευδάργυρον͵ ἣ προσλαβοῦσα χαλκὸν τὸ καλούμενον γίνεται κρᾶμα͵ ὅ τινες ὀρείχαλκον καλοῦσι

c. 23 CE, Strabo, chapter 1.56, in Γεωγραφικά, volume XIII

a stone in the vicinity of Andeira which, when burned becomes iron, and then, when heated in a furnace with a certain earth, distils false silver; and this, with the addition of copper, makes the so-called "mixture" (alloy), which by some is called "orichalcum"


ἀργύριον

grc-noun

ἀργύρῐον • (argúrion) n (genitive ἀργῠρίου); second declension

ἀργύρῐον (canonical)
argúrion (romanization)
ἀργῠρίου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive).


μέταλλον

grc-noun

μέταλλον • (métallon) n (genitive μετάλλου); second declension

métallon (romanization)
μετάλλου (genitive)
τὸ μέταλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μετάλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετάλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μετάλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μετάλλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μέταλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μέταλλον (singular vocative)
μετάλλω (dual vocative)
μέταλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: մետաղ (metał)

Armenian: մետաղ (metaġ)

→ Georgian: მეტალი (meṭali)

Greek: μέταλλο (métallo)

→ Latin: metallum (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Greek because of the presence of -αλλο- (-allo-).


σταγών

στᾰγών • (stagṓn) f (genitive στᾰγόνος); third declension

στᾰγών (canonical)
stagṓn (romanization)
στᾰγόνος (genitive)
ἡ στᾰγών (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰγόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ στᾰγόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς στᾰγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰγόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ στᾰγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰγόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στᾰγόσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰγόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs stagósi (dative plural)
taîs stagósin (dative plural)
τὴν στᾰγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰγόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στᾰγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
στᾰγών (singular vocative)
στᾰγόνε (dual vocative)
στᾰγόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: σταγόνα (stagóna)

See στάζω (stázō, “to drip”). Stem σταγ-.

ὀμμᾰτοστᾰγεῖς πηγαί

of welling tears; fountains; of feminine noun

στάγες

stáges, irregular plural nominative of σταγών as from στάξ

στάξ

σταγών, drop


ὀρείχαλκος

ὀρείχᾰλκος • (oreíkhalkos) m (genitive ὀρειχᾰ́λκου); second declension

ὀρείχᾰλκος (canonical)
oreíkhalkos (romanization)
ὀρειχᾰ́λκου (genitive)
ὁ ὀρείχᾰλκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀρείχᾰλκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρειχᾰ́λκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρειχᾰ́λκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρειχᾰ́λκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρειχᾰ́λκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρειχᾰ́λκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρειχᾰ́λκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀρείχᾰλκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀρειχᾰ́λκους (accusative plural)
ὀρείχᾰλκε (singular vocative)
ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (dual vocative)
ὀρείχᾰλκοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: ορείχαλκος (oreíchalkos) (learned)

→ Latin: orīchalcum

→ English: orichalcum (learned)

→ Spanish: oricalco (learned)

→ French: orichalque (learned)

→ Italian: oricalco (learned)

→ Latin: aurīchalcum

→ Spanish: auricalco (learned)

→ Russian: аврихальк (avrixalʹk) (learned)

→ German: Oreichalk (learned)

→ Russian: орихалк (orixalk) (learned)

Looks like the dative singular of ὄρος (óros, “mountain”) + χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”), however the same way Latin has connected the first part as aurīchalcum to aurum (“gold”) this is also a folk-etymology and the first part is rather Akkadian 𒍏 (URUD /ēru, wēru/, “copper”), making a tautological compound.

λίθος [...] μετὰ γῆς τινος καμινευθεὶς ἀποστάζει ψευδάργυρον͵ ἣ προσλαβοῦσα χαλκὸν τὸ καλούμενον γίνεται κρᾶμα͵ ὅ τινες ὀρείχαλκον καλοῦσι

a stone … which heated in a furnace with a certain earth distils mock silver (zinc); and this, with the addition of copper, makes the so-called "mixture" (alloy), which by some is called "orichalcum"

brass made from yellow copper ore; an alloy of copper and "mock silver" (presumably zinc)

[...] ἐν δὲ τρητοῖσι λοβοῖσιν ἄνθεμ’ ὀρειχάλκου χρυσοῖό τε τιμήεντος
[...] en dè trētoîsi loboîsin ánthem’ oreikhálkou khrusoîó te timḗentos

c. 7th century BCE, Homer (attributed, unlikely), Ὁμηρικὸς ὕμνος ε' "Εἰς Ἀφροδίτην"

… and in her perforated ears earrings of orichalcum and of precious gold

orichalcum, a natural or mythical valuable alloy of copper and perhaps gold


βούλλα

grc-noun

βούλλα • (boúlla) f (genitive βούλλης); first declension

boúlla (romanization)
βούλλης (genitive)
ἡ βοῦλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βούλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βοῦλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βούλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βούλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βούλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βούλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βούλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν βοῦλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βούλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βούλλᾱς (accusative plural)
βοῦλλᾰ (singular vocative)
βούλλᾱ (dual vocative)
βοῦλλαι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: βούλα (voúla)
→ Albanian: vulë
→ Aromanian: vulã
→ Bulgarian: ву́ла (vúla)


ὑδράργυρος

grc-noun

ὑδράργῠρος • (hudrárguros) f (genitive ὑδραργύρου); second declension

ὑδράργῠρος (canonical)
hudrárguros (romanization)
ὑδραργύρου (genitive)
ἡ ὑδράργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδραργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδράργῠροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδραργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδραργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδραργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδραργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδραργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδραργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδράργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδραργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδραργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ὑδράργῠρε (singular vocative)
ὑδραργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ὑδράργῠροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: hydrargyrus

From ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + ἄργῠρος (árguros, “silver”).

af

quicksilver artificially prepared from cinnabar ore


τάγχουρος

grc-noun

τάγχουρος • (tánkhouros) m (genitive ταγχούρου); second declension

tánkhouros (romanization)
ταγχούρου (genitive)
ὁ τάγχουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ταγχούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ τάγχουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ταγχούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταγχούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταγχούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ταγχούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταγχούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ταγχούροις (dative plural)
τὸν τάγχουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ταγχούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ταγχούρους (accusative plural)
τάγχουρε (singular vocative)
ταγχούρω (dual vocative)
τάγχουροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Note the possibility of the irregular singular genitive <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τάγχρου</i> (tánkhrou) (see Usage Notes)

In view of the variations, the word is of Pre-Greek origin, with the characteristic Pre-Greek sequence *-arʷ- realised as -ουρ- or -αρ- in the different variants.

αὕτη ἡ Σάσου χώρα ὑστάτη ἐστὶν τῶν Αἰθιόπων, ἔνθα καὶ πολὺ χρυσίον ἐστίν, τὸ λεγόμενον τάγχαρας

c. 550 CE, Cosmas Indicopleustes, “III. Nubia et Aethiopia”, in Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae (W. Dittenberger, 1903), section 199.35, page 296

this land of Sasou is further away than Ethiopia, and there is much gold there, the so called "tancharas"

haútē hē Sásou khṓra hustátē estìn tôn Aithiópōn, éntha kaì polù khrusíon estín, tò legómenon tánkharas


ἄσημον

grc-noun

ἄσημον • (ásēmon) n (genitive ἀσήμου); second declension

ásēmon (romanization)
ἀσήμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄσημον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσήμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄσημᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσήμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσήμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσήμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσήμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσήμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσήμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄσημον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσήμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄσημᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄσημον (singular vocative)
ἀσήμω (dual vocative)
ἄσημᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic: סאמא

→ Bactrian: σιμινο (simino)

desc

→ Hebrew: אסימון

→ Hebrew: אסימון

Greek: ασήμι (asími)

→ Parthian: hsym (hasēm)

→ Persian: سیم (sêm)

Neuter form of ἄσημος (ásēmos, “uncoined, without marks”), which is, by surface analysis, ἀ- (a-, “not, a-”) + σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign”).


χαλκομόλυβδος

grc-noun

χᾰλκομόλῠβδος

χᾰλκομολῠ́βδου

χᾰλκομόλῠβδος • (khalkomólubdos) m (genitive χᾰλκομολῠ́βδου); second declension

χᾰλκομόλῠβδος (canonical)
khalkomólubdos (romanization)
χᾰλκομολῠ́βδου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰλκομόλῠβδος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκομολῠ́βδω (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰλκομόλῠβδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰλκομολῠ́βδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκομολῠ́βδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκομολῠ́βδων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰλκομολῠ́βδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκομολῠ́βδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰλκομολῠ́βδοις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰλκομόλῠβδον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκομολῠ́βδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰλκομολῠ́βδους (accusative plural)
χᾰλκομόλῠβδε (singular vocative)
χᾰλκομολῠ́βδω (dual vocative)
χᾰλκομόλῠβδοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰλκομόλῠβδος

From χᾰλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + μόλῠβδος (mólubdos, “lead”).


ὄβρυζον

grc-noun

ὄβρῠζον • (óbruzon) n (genitive ὀβρύζου); second declension

ὄβρῠζον (canonical)
óbruzon (romanization)
ὀβρύζου (genitive)
τὸ ὄβρῠζον (nominative singular)
τοῦ ὀβρῠ́ζου (genitive singular)
τῷ ὀβρῠ́ζῳ (dative singular)
τὸ ὄβρῠζον (accusative singular)
ὄβρῠζον (singular vocative)

Latin: obryzum (“pure gold”)

desc

Arabic: إِبْرِيز (ʔibrīz, “pure gold (poetic)”)

From the neuter form of ὄβρυζος (óbruzos, “pure (esp. of gold)”, adj), most likely from the term ὄβρυζον χρυσίον (óbruzon khrusíon, “pure piece of gold”). See ὄβρυζα (óbruza) for further etymology.

related terms: τάγχουρος (tánkhouros), χρυσός (khrusós)


ὄβρυζα

grc-noun

ὄβρῠζα • (óbruza) f (genitive ὀβρύζης); first declension

ὄβρῠζα (canonical)
óbruza (romanization)
ὀβρύζης (genitive)
ἡ ὄβρῠζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄβρῠζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀβρῠ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀβρῠ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀβρῠζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀβρῠ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀβρῠ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀβρῠ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄβρῠζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀβρῠ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄβρῠζᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄβρῠζαι (plural vocative)

Latin: obrussa (“assay of gold”)

Latin: obryzus (“refined, assayed”)

Latin: obryzum (“pure gold”)

Definite Pre-Greek origin. Has been compared to Hurrian 𒂁𒄷𒌋𒌒𒊒𒍑𒄭 (DUG.ḫu-u-ub-ru-uš-ḫi /ḫubrušḫi/, “crucible, smelter, melting-pot”), likely via the route of Hittite 𒄷𒌒𒊒𒍑𒄭 (ḫu-up-ru-uš-ḫi /ḫuprušḫi-/). See Arabic إِبْرِيز (ʔibrīz, “pure gold”) for further borrowings/connections.

der

ὄβρυζος

having come through a fire test, pure (esp. of gold)


χρυσίον

grc-noun

χρῡσίον • (khrūsíon) n (genitive χρῡσίου); second declension

χρῡσίον (canonical)
khrūsíon (romanization)
χρῡσίου (genitive)
τὸ χρῡσῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χρῡσῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ χρῡσῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χρῡσῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
χρῡσῐ́ον (singular vocative)
χρῡσῐ́ω (dual vocative)
χρῡσῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

From χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + -ῐον (-ion, “diminutive suffix”). See χρυσός (khrusós) for further etymology.


ὀβρυζιακός

ὀβρῠζιακός (canonical)
obruziakós (romanization)
ὀβρῠζιακή (feminine)
ὀβρῠζιακόν (neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακός (masculine nominative singular)
ὀβρῠζιακή (feminine nominative singular)
ὀβρῠζιακόν (neuter nominative singular)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (dual masculine nominative)
ὀβρῠζιακᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (dual neuter nominative)
ὀβρῠζιακοί (masculine nominative plural)
ὀβρῠζιακαί (feminine nominative plural)
ὀβρῠζιακᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ὀβρῠζιακοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ὀβρῠζιακῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ὀβρῠζιακοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ὀβρῠζιακαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ὀβρῠζιακῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ὀβρῠζιακῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ὀβρῠζιακῷ (dative masculine singular)
ὀβρῠζιακῇ (dative feminine singular)
ὀβρῠζιακῷ (dative neuter singular)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ὀβρῠζιακαῖν (dative dual feminine)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ὀβρῠζιακαῖς (dative feminine plural)
ὀβρῠζιακοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ὀβρῠζιακόν (accusative masculine singular)
ὀβρῠζιακήν (accusative feminine singular)
ὀβρῠζιακόν (accusative neuter singular)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (accusative dual masculine)
ὀβρῠζιακᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (accusative dual neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακούς (accusative masculine plural)
ὀβρῠζιακᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ὀβρῠζιακᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὀβρῠζιακέ (masculine singular vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακή (feminine singular vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακόν (neuter singular vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (dual masculine vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακώ (dual neuter vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακοί (masculine plural vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακαί (feminine plural vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ὀβρῠζιακῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὀβρῠζιακότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From ὄβρυζα (óbruza, “assaying of gold”) + -ακός (-akós).

pure, assayed (especially when referring to gold)


ὄβρυζος

ὄβρῠζος (canonical)
óbruzos (romanization)
ὀβρύζη (feminine)
ὄβρῠζον (neuter)
ὄβρῠζος (masculine nominative singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζη (feminine nominative singular)
ὄβρῠζον (neuter nominative singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (dual masculine nominative)
ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (dual neuter nominative)
ὄβρῠζοι (masculine nominative plural)
ὄβρῠζαι (feminine nominative plural)
ὄβρῠζᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζου (genitive masculine singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζης (feminine genitive singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζου (genitive neuter singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζοιν (dual genitive masculine)
ὀβρῠ́ζαιν (dual feminine genitive)
ὀβρῠ́ζοιν (dual genitive neuter)
ὀβρῠ́ζων (genitive masculine plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζων (feminine genitive plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζων (genitive neuter plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζῳ (dative masculine singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζῃ (dative feminine singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζῳ (dative neuter singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζοιν (dative dual masculine)
ὀβρῠ́ζαιν (dative dual feminine)
ὀβρῠ́ζοιν (dative dual neuter)
ὀβρῠ́ζοις (dative masculine plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζαις (dative feminine plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζοις (dative neuter plural)
ὄβρῠζον (accusative masculine singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζην (accusative feminine singular)
ὄβρῠζον (accusative neuter singular)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (accusative dual masculine)
ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (accusative dual neuter)
ὀβρῠ́ζους (accusative masculine plural)
ὀβρῠ́ζᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
ὄβρῠζᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
ὄβρῠζε (masculine singular vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζη (feminine singular vocative)
ὄβρῠζον (neuter singular vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (dual masculine vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζω (dual neuter vocative)
ὄβρῠζοι (masculine plural vocative)
ὄβρῠζαι (feminine plural vocative)
ὄβρῠζᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
ὀβρῠ́ζως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὀβρῠζώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὀβρῠζώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Latin: obryzus (“refined, assayed”)

Latin: obryzum (“pure gold”)

From ὄβρυζα (óbruza, “assaying of gold”) + -ος (-os). See ὄβρυζα (óbruza) for further etymology.


γλουρός

grc-noun

γλουρός • (glourós) m (genitive γλουροῦ); second declension

glourós (romanization)
γλουροῦ (genitive)
ὁ γλουρός (nominative singular)
τὼ γλουρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γλουροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλουροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλουροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλουρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλουρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλουροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλουροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γλουρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλουρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλουρούς (accusative plural)
γλουρέ (singular vocative)
γλουρώ (dual vocative)
γλουροί (plural vocative)

Considered by Frisk a loan from Phrygian, likely not Pre-Greek.

Ἐς γὰρ βωμὸν ὁρῇς με μήτε γλούρου//πλίνθοις μήτ' Ἀλύβης βώλοις.

early 2nd century CE, Besantinus, “Βησαντίνου Βωμός”, in Greek Anthology, Book XV

look upon me as an altar, built not from bricks of gold nor from (silver) nuggets of Alybe

Es gàr bōmòn horêis me mḗte gloúrou//plínthois mḗt' Alúbēs bṓlois.


χρυσῖτις

χρῡσῖτῐς • (khrūsîtis) f (genitive χρῡσῑ́τῐδος); third declension

χρῡσῖτῐς (canonical)
khrūsîtis (romanization)
χρῡσῑ́τῐδος (genitive)
ἡ χρῡσῖτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσῑ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ χρῡσῑ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς χρῡσῑ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσῑτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῑτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ χρῡσῑ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσῑτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρῡσῑ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσῑ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khrūsī́tisi (dative plural)
taîs khrūsī́tisin (dative plural)
τὴν χρῡσῑ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσῑ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρῡσῑ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
χρῡσῖτῐς (singular vocative)
χρῡσῑ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
χρῡσῑ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

From χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + -ῖτις (-îtis).

suffix

(metallurgy) flake litharge, a silver ore also containing traces of gold


σίδαρος

grc-noun

σῐ́δᾱρος • (sídāros) m (genitive σῐδᾱ́ρου); second declension

σῐ́δᾱρος (canonical)
sídāros (romanization)
σῐδᾱ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual nominative)
τοὶ σῐ́δᾱροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ροιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδᾱ́ρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δᾱρε (singular vocative)
σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δᾱροι (plural vocative)
ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual nominative)
τοὶ σῐ́δᾱροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρω (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (accusative dual)
τὼς σῐδᾱ́ρως (accusative plural)
σῐ́δᾱρε (singular vocative)
σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δᾱροι (plural vocative)
ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́δᾱροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδᾱ́ρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δᾱρε (singular vocative)
σῐδᾱ́ρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δᾱροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Such forms are found in epic and early Doric texts

Such forms are found in later Doric texts as in Alcman

Such forms are found in the choral parts of tragedies

Multiple theories, see Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros).

κτεάνων χρηματοδαίτας πικρός, ὠμόφρων σίδαρος

467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, section 730

kteánōn khrēmatodaítas pikrós, ōmóphrōn sídaros

στονόεντος ἐν τομᾷ σιδάρου

c. 450–425 BCE, Sophocles, Trachiniae, section 886

σίδηρος
σίδηρος#Ancient Greek

Doric form of σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”), with similar literal and figurative meanings


χαλκεύς

grc-noun

χαλκεύς • (khalkeús) m (genitive χαλκέως); third declension

khalkeús (romanization)
χαλκέως (genitive)
ὁ χᾰλκεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰλκῆς (nominative plural)
χᾰλκεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰλκέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκέων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰλκεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰλκεῦσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khalkeûsi (dative plural)
toîs khalkeûsin (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰλκέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰλκέᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκεῦ (singular vocative)
χᾰλκῆ (dual vocative)
χᾰλκῆς (plural vocative)
χᾰλκεῖς (plural vocative)
χᾰλκεύς (nominative singular)
χᾰλκῆε (dual nominative)
χᾰλκῆες (nominative plural)
χᾰλκῆος (genitive singular)
χᾰλκέος (genitive singular)
χᾰλκήοιῐν (dual genitive)
χᾰλκήων (genitive plural)
χᾰλκῆῐ̈ (dative singular)
χᾰλκέῐ̈ (dative singular)
χᾰλκήοιῐν (dative dual)
χᾰλκήεσσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκήεσσῐν (dative plural)
χᾰλκεῦσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκεῦσῐν (dative plural)
khalkḗessi (dative plural)
khalkḗessin (dative plural)
khalkeûsi (dative plural)
khalkeûsin (dative plural)
χᾰλκῆᾰ (accusative singular)
χᾰλκέᾰ (accusative singular)
χᾰλκῆε (accusative dual)
χᾰλκῆᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκεῦ (singular vocative)
χᾰλκῆε (dual vocative)
χᾰλκῆες (plural vocative)