μάχαιρα

grc-noun

μάχαιρα • (mákhaira) f (genitive μᾰχαίρας); first declension

mákhaira (romanization)
μᾰχαίρας (genitive)
ἡ μάχαιρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μάχαιραι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαχαίρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαχαίραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαχαιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαχαίρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαχαίραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαχαίραις (dative plural)
τὴν μάχαιρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαχαίρᾱς (accusative plural)
μάχαιρᾰ (singular vocative)
μαχαίρᾱ (dual vocative)
μάχαιραι (plural vocative)

⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion) (diminutive)

desc

Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)

→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)

→ Latin: machaera

Translingual: †Machairodus

Controversial:
* Traditionally linked to μάχομαι (mákhomai, “to fight”); compare μάχη (mákhē, “a battle, a strife”). Though formally without issues, Chantraine finds this implausible.
* Others consider the word to be from a foreign or substrate source, though exact comparanda are disputed. Lewy considers the word as a Semitic borrowing; compare Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”). However, Gordon considers the Hebrew to be borrowed from Greek, rather than the other way around.
* Beekes prefers to link the word to μάγειρος (mágeiros, “cook”), taking the γ/χ interchange as evidence of Pre-Greek origin.


ξίφος

grc-noun

ξῐ́φος • (xĭ́phos) n (genitive ξῐ́φεος or ξῐ́φους); third declension

ξῐ́φος (canonical)
xĭ́phos (romanization)
ξῐ́φεος (genitive)
ξῐ́φους (genitive)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
ξῐ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs xĭ́phesĭ (dative plural)
toîs xĭ́phesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (accusative plural)
ξῐ́φος (singular vocative)
ξῐ́φει (dual vocative)
ξῐ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: ξίφος (xífos)

Mariupol Greek: пси́фус (psífus)

Already in Late Mycenaean Greek (Ta-716 from Pylos), attested in the dual 𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁 (qi-si-pe-e, “two swords”) (mostly ideographically as 𐃉). Probably of Pre-Greek origin, related to and perhaps borrowed from Egyptian zft (“sword, knife”). If the Greek isn't borrowed directly from the Egyptian, perhaps both are from an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, or from a Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 4.1.21

sword, the short, straight, double-edged sword of the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 306

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.13.1

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.194


λόγχη

λόγχη • (lónkhē) f (genitive λόγχης); first declension

lónkhē (romanization)
λόγχης (genitive)
ἡ λόγχη (nominative singular)
τὼ λόγχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λόγχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λόγχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λόγχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λογχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λόγχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λόγχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λόγχαις (dative plural)
τὴν λόγχην (accusative singular)
τὼ λόγχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λόγχᾱς (accusative plural)
λόγχη (singular vocative)
λόγχᾱ (dual vocative)
λόγχαι (plural vocative)

Greek: λόγχη (lónchi)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to hit”), compare Latin lancea (“lance”) and Old Armenian գեղարդն (gełardn, “spear”), or a Semitic borrowing corresponding to Hebrew רֹמַח (rómaḥ, “spear”), Arabic رُمْح (rumḥ, “spear”) etc. (see the Arabic), but Beekes leaves the etymology unexplained.


κριός

κρῑός • (krīós) m (genitive κρῑοῦ); second declension

κρῑός (canonical)
krīós (romanization)
κρῑοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρῑός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρῑοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῑοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῑῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῑοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρῑόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρῑούς (accusative plural)
κρῑέ (singular vocative)
κρῑώ (dual vocative)
κρῑοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Traditionally connected with κέρας (kéras, “horn”). The chickpea meaning possibly relates to Latin cicer (“chickpea”), Old Armenian սիսեռն (siseṙn, “chickpea”). Beekes argues for an original meaning of “curved”, comparing Lithuanian kreivas, Old East Slavic кривъ (krivŭ).


δόρυ

grc-noun

δόρῠ • (dórŭ) n (genitive δόρᾰτος); third declension

δόρῠ (canonical)
dórŭ (romanization)
δόρᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δόρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δόρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dórăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs dórăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δόρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δόρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
δόρη (nominative plural)
δοῦρᾰς (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόρᾰτος (genitive singular)
δορός (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορᾰ́των (genitive plural)
δορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δόρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
δορῐ́ (dative singular)
δόρει (dative singular)
τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δόρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dórăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs dórăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δόρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρη (accusative plural)
δοῦρᾰς (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δόρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δόρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
δόρη (plural vocative)
δοῦρᾰς (plural vocative)
τὸ δόρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ δούρᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δούρᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δουρᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δούρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν δούρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δούρᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ doúrăsĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ doúrăsĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὸ δόρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ δούρᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δούρᾰτε (dual vocative)
δούρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
δόρῠ (nominative singular)
δοῦρε (dual nominative)
δοῦρᾰ (nominative plural)
δούρᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
δουρός (genitive singular)
δούρᾰτος (genitive singular)
δούροιῐν (dual genitive)
δούρων (genitive plural)
δουρῐ́ (dative singular)
δούρᾰτῐ (dative singular)
δούροιῐν (dative dual)
δούρεσσῐ (dative plural)
δούροις (dative plural)
δόρῠ (accusative singular)
δοῦρε (accusative dual)
δοῦρᾰ (accusative plural)
δούρᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δόρῠ (singular vocative)
δοῦρε (dual vocative)
δοῦρᾰ (plural vocative)
δούρᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δόρᾰτος, δορός

δόρᾰτῐ, δορῐ́, δόρει

δόρᾰτᾰ, δόρη, δοῦρᾰς

δορᾰ́των, δορῶν

δουρός, δούρᾰτος

δουρῐ́, δούρᾰτῐ

δοῦρᾰ, δούρᾰτᾰ

δούρεσσῐ, δούροις

→ English: doru, dory (learned)

Greek: δόρυ n (dóry, “spear”)

From Proto-Hellenic *dóru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Cognates include Sanskrit दारु (dā́ru), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /dāruv/) and Old English trēow (English tree). Also see δρῦς (drûs).


σκορπίος

grc-noun

σκορπῐ́ος • (skorpĭ́os) m (genitive σκορπῐ́ου); second declension

σκορπῐ́ος (canonical)
skorpĭ́os (romanization)
σκορπῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ σκορπῐ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκορπῐ́οι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκορπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκορπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκορπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκορπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν σκορπῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκορπῐ́ους (accusative plural)
σκορπῐ́ε (singular vocative)
σκορπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σκορπῐ́οι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκορπιός m (skorpiós)

desctree

→ Latin: scorpiō, scorpios, scorpius
→? Albanian: shkrap
Catalan: escorpí
Old French: scorpion
French: scorpion
→ Middle Dutch: scorpioen
Dutch: schorpioen
→ English: scorpion
→ Welsh: sgorpion
→ German: Skorpion
→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍀𐌾𐍉 (skaurpjō)
→ Middle Irish: scoirp
Irish: scairp
Italian: scorpione
>? Italian: sgorbio
→ Middle Low German: schorpie
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skorpion
Portuguese: escorpião
Romanian: scorpion
Romansch: scorpiun
→ Russian: скорпио́н m (skorpión)
Sicilian: scurpiuni
Spanish: escorpión

→ Classical Sanskrit: कौर्पि (kaurpi)

Sometimes suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), but Beekes notes that it is more likely a Pre-Greek loanword instead, with a pre-form along the lines of *karaᵐp-, and possibly related to κᾱ́ρᾰβος (kā́răbos, “beetle, crustacean”), κερᾰ́μβῠξ (kerắmbŭx, “longhorn beetle”), κηρᾰφῐ́ς (kērăphĭ́s, “a kind of locust”).


βαλλίστρα

grc-noun

βαλλίστρᾱ • (ballístrā) f (genitive βαλλίστρᾱς); first declension

βαλλίστρᾱ (canonical)
ballístrā (romanization)
βαλλίστρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰλλῐ́στραι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλῐ́στραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλλῐστρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλῐ́στραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλλῐ́στραις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (singular vocative)
βᾰλλῐ́στρᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰλλῐ́στραι (plural vocative)

Greek: βαλλίστρα (vallístra)

Latin: ballista (see there for further descendants)


τρίαινα

τρῐ́αινᾰ • (trĭ́aină) f (genitive τρῐαίνης); first declension

τρῐ́αινᾰ (canonical)
trĭ́aină (romanization)
τρῐαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́αιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῐαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́αινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρῐ́αινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρῐαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῐ́αιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: τρίαινα (tríaina)

From τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + -αινᾰ (-aină). Chantraine considers a folk-etymological transformation after the numeral. Furnée compares τρίναξ (trínax, “instrument used in agriculture”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “three-pronged fork”), and asks whether the word could be a transformation of a Pre-Greek loan for an agricultural tool.


πέλεκυς

πέλεκῠς • (pélekŭs) m (genitive πελέκεως); third declension

πέλεκῠς (canonical)
pélekŭs (romanization)
πελέκεως (genitive)
ὁ πέλεκῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ πελέκει (dual nominative)
οἱ πελέκεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελέκεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελεκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελέκεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πελέκει (dative singular)
τοῖν πελεκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελέκεσῐ (dative plural)
πελέκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pelékesĭ (dative plural)
toîs pelékesĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πέλεκῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ πελέκει (accusative dual)
τοὺς πελέκεις (accusative plural)
πέλεκῠ (singular vocative)
πελέκει (dual vocative)
πελέκεις (plural vocative)
πέλεκῠς (nominative singular)
πελέκει (dual nominative)
πελέκεες (nominative plural)
πελέκεος (genitive singular)
πελεκέοιῐν (dual genitive)
πελέκεων (genitive plural)
πελέκει (dative singular)
πελεκέοιῐν (dative dual)
πελέκεσσι (dative plural)
πελέκεσσιν (dative plural)
pelékessi (dative plural)
pelékessin (dative plural)
πέλεκῠν (accusative singular)
πελέκει (accusative dual)
πελέκεᾰς (accusative plural)
πέλεκῠ (singular vocative)
πελέκει (dual vocative)
πελέκεες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πελέκεσσι(ν)

Greek: πέλεκυς (pélekys)

Uncertain: Compare Sanskrit परशु (paraśú, “axe”) and Ossetian фӕрӕт (færæt, “axe”), pointing to a late, dialectal Proto-Indo-European word like *peleḱu- which does not appear to be a native formation. This etymon is often considered a Wanderwort, with similarity to Akkadian 𒁄 (pilakku, pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle, harp”), itself from Sumerian 𒁄 (balag, “wooden handle; spindle, harp; possibly a split piece of wood or wooden wedge”); compare Arabic فَلَقَ (falaqa, “to split apart”) and πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “axe handle”). This has led some to suggest that the Proto-Indo-European terms are ultimately borrowed through the Akkadian or another Semitic source. Furnée points to βέλεκκος (bélekkos, “kind of pulse”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.


κνώδων

grc-noun

κνώδων • (knṓdōn) m (genitive κνώδοντος); third declension

knṓdōn (romanization)
κνώδοντος (genitive)
ὁ κνώδων (nominative singular)
τὼ κνώδοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ κνώδοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κνώδοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνωδόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνωδόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ κνώδοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνωδόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κνώδουσῐ (dative plural)
κνώδουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs knṓdousĭ (dative plural)
toîs knṓdousĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κνώδοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κνώδοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κνώδοντᾰς (accusative plural)
κνῶδον (singular vocative)
κνώδοντε (dual vocative)
κνώδοντες (plural vocative)

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)-. Compare Sanskrit खादति (khādati, “to chew, to bite”) and Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”). See also κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”).

cog

(in the plural) two projecting teeth on the blade of a hunting spear


ἔγχος

grc-noun

ἔγχος • (énkhos) n (genitive ἔγχους or ἔγχεος); third declension

énkhos (romanization)
ἔγχους (genitive)
ἔγχεος (genitive)
τὸ ἔγχος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔγχει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔγχη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔγχους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔγχει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔγχεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔγχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs énkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîs énkhesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἔγχος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔγχει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔγχη (accusative plural)
ἔγχος (singular vocative)
ἔγχει (dual vocative)
ἔγχη (plural vocative)
ἔγχος (nominative singular)
ἔγχει (dual nominative)
ἔγχεε (dual nominative)
ἔγχεᾰ (nominative plural)
ἔγχεος (genitive singular)
ἔγχευς (genitive singular)
ἐγχέοιν (dual genitive)
ἐγχέων (genitive plural)
ἔγχει (dative singular)
ἔγχεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἐγχέοιν (dative dual)
ἔγχεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔγχεσῐν (dative plural)
énkhesĭ (dative plural)
énkhesĭn (dative plural)
ἔγχος (accusative singular)
ἔγχει (accusative dual)
ἔγχεε (accusative dual)
ἔγχεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔγχος (singular vocative)
ἔγχει (dual vocative)
ἔγχεε (dual vocative)
ἔγχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *h₁neǵʰ- (“to stab, pierce, spear”) whence also νύσσω (nússō). According to Beekes, of uncertain origin but possibly from Pre-Greek.


σφενδόνη

σφενδόνη • (sphendónē) f (genitive σφενδόνης); first declension

sphendónē (romanization)
σφενδόνης (genitive)
ἡ σφενδόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ σφενδόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφενδόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σφενδόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφενδόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφενδονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφενδόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφενδόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφενδόναις (dative plural)
τὴν σφενδόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ σφενδόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφενδόνᾱς (accusative plural)
σφενδόνη (singular vocative)
σφενδόνᾱ (dual vocative)
σφενδόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: σφεντόνα (sfentóna)

Often connected with σφεδανός (sphedanós), σφοδρός (sphodrós), σφαδάζω (sphadázō), and Sanskrit स्पन्दते (spandate, “to vibrate, tremble, quake”), as well as with Latin funda (“sling”), with formation structure similar to that of ἀγχόνη (ankhónē), βελόνη (belónē), and περόνη (perónē). The similarity with the Latin term suggests a Mediterranean, Anatolian, and/or Pre-Greek borrowing for both.

cog

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On the Diseases of Women 2.144

50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Fasc. 48

anything fundiform:
(medicine) a sling:
a suspensory abdominal bandage

anything fundiform:
a sling:
a suspensory abdominal bandage

428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 862

380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 359e

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 207a.3

a bezel, a collet (the hoop of a ring in which the gemstone is set as in a sling; especially, the outer or broader part round the stone)

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.4.4

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.2.14

a slingstone (a stone, bullet, or other such missile or projectile thrown by a sling)

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1125


φάσγανον

grc-noun

φᾰ́σγᾰνον • (phắsgănon) n (genitive φᾰσγᾰ́νου); second declension

φᾰ́σγᾰνον (canonical)
phắsgănon (romanization)
φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰσγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰσγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰσγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
φᾰ́σγᾰνον (singular vocative)
φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Phasganon

According to Beekes of Pre-Greek origin. Has been connected with Ancient Greek σφάζω (spházō, “to slay, to kill”) but this connection seems unconvincing.


ῥομφαία

grc-noun

ῥομφαίᾱ • (rhomphaíā) f (genitive ῥομφαίᾱς); first declension

ῥομφαίᾱ (canonical)
rhomphaíā (romanization)
ῥομφαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥομφαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥομφαίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥομφαῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥομφαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥομφαίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥομφαιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥομφαίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥομφαίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥομφαίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥομφαίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥομφαίᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥομφαίᾱ (singular vocative)
ῥομφαίᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥομφαῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: rhomphaea

Borrowed from Thracian, ultimately possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break”), likely closely related to Albanian rrufé (“lightning”). However the ending in -αία (-aía) is also found in many Greek terms such as κεραία (keraía), καμιναία (kaminaía), αὐλαία (aulaía). Formally closer to ῥομφεῖς (rhompheîs, “straps by which shoes are stitched”).

der

large, broad sword used by the Thracians

bg:Иван Дуриданов


ὑσσός

grc-noun

ὑσσός • (hussós) m (genitive ὑσσοῦ); second declension

hussós (romanization)
ὑσσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὑσσός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑσσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑσσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑσσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑσσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑσσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑσσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὑσσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑσσούς (accusative plural)
ὑσσέ (singular vocative)
ὑσσώ (dual vocative)
ὑσσοί (plural vocative)

Technical word of uncertain origin. According to Beekes, the word could well be of Pre-Greek origin.


σιγύνης

σιγύνης • (sigúnēs) m (genitive σιγύνου); first declension

sigúnēs (romanization)
σιγύνου (genitive)
ὁ σιγύνης (nominative singular)
τὼ σιγύνᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σιγύναι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιγύνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιγύναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιγυνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σιγύνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιγύναιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιγύναις (dative plural)
τὸν σιγύνην (accusative singular)
τὼ σιγύνᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σιγύνᾱς (accusative plural)
σιγύνη (singular vocative)
σιγύνᾱ (dual vocative)
σιγύναι (plural vocative)

According to Herodotus and Aristotle, the word is Cyprian, whereas someone else says it's Scythian. The word resembles the ethnonym Σιγύνναι (Sigúnnai), a people of Iranian (Scythian) descent. According to Beekes, due to the presence of alternative forms, the word can be of Pre-Greek origin. The similarity with σιβύνη (sibúnē, “spear”) is only coincidental.


σιβύνη

σῐβῠ́νη • (sĭbŭ́nē) f (genitive σῐβῠ́νης); first declension

σῐβῠ́νη (canonical)
sĭbŭ́nē (romanization)
σῐβῠ́νης (genitive)
ἡ σῐβῠ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐβῠ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐβῠ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐβῠ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐβῠ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐβῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐβῠ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐβῠ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐβῠ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐβῠ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐβῠ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐβῠ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐβῠ́νη (singular vocative)
σῐβῠ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐβῠ́ναι (plural vocative)

Of foreign origin. Thought to be from Illyrian *sibina, comparable to Proto-Albanian *tsupina (modern thupër). Also compare Old Armenian սուին (suin, “spear”), Persian زوبین (zubin, “javelin”).


σάρισα

σάρῑσᾰ • (sárīsă) f (genitive σᾰρῑ́σης); first declension

σάρῑσᾰ (canonical)
sárīsă (romanization)
σᾰρῑ́σης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰ́ρῑσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰρῑ́σᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰ́ρῑσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰρῑ́σης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρῑ́σαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρῑσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰρῑ́σῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρῑ́σαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰρῑ́σαις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́ρῑσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰρῑ́σᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰρῑ́σᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρῑσᾰ (singular vocative)
σᾰρῑ́σᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρῑσαι (plural vocative)

Latin: sarissa

The etymology is still unexplained. Perhaps from Pre-Greek.


σκάλμη

σκάλμη • (skálmē) f (genitive σκάλμης); first declension

skálmē (romanization)
σκάλμης (genitive)
ἡ σκάλμη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκάλμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκάλμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκάλμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκάλμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκαλμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκάλμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκάλμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκάλμαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκάλμην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκάλμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκάλμᾱς (accusative plural)
σκάλμη (singular vocative)
σκάλμᾱ (dual vocative)
σκάλμαι (plural vocative)

From σκάλλω (skállō, “to stir up, to hoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, separate”); see also Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)), Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”), Lithuanian skélti (“to split”).


κορύνη

grc-noun

κορύνη • (korúnē) f (genitive κορύνης); first declension

korúnē (romanization)
κορύνης (genitive)
ἡ κορύνη (nominative singular)
τὼ κορύνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορύναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορύνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορύναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορυνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορύνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορύναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορύναις (dative plural)
τὴν κορύνην (accusative singular)
τὼ κορύνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορύνᾱς (accusative plural)
κορύνη (singular vocative)
κορύνᾱ (dual vocative)
κορύναι (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to κόρυς (kórus, “helmet”), referring to the thick end of the weapon. According to Beekes, the word is of Pre-Greek origin.


ὀϊστός

ὀϊστός • (oïstós) m (genitive ὀϊστοῦ); second declension

oïstós (romanization)
ὀϊστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὀϊστός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀϊστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀϊστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀϊστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀϊστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀϊστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀϊστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀϊστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀϊστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὀϊστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀϊστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀϊστούς (accusative plural)
ὀϊστέ (singular vocative)
ὀϊστώ (dual vocative)
ὀϊστοί (plural vocative)

No convincing etymology, but DELG supposes a Pre-Greek origin.


βέλεμνον

βέλεμνον • (bélemnon) n (genitive βελέμνου); second declension

bélemnon (romanization)
βελέμνου (genitive)
τὸ βέλεμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ βελέμνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βέλεμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βελέμνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελέμνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελέμνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βελέμνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελέμνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βελέμνοις (dative plural)
τὸ βέλεμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ βελέμνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βέλεμνᾰ (accusative plural)
βέλεμνον (singular vocative)
βελέμνω (dual vocative)
βέλεμνᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to hit by throwing”), the same root of βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).


ὀξύα

grc-noun

ὀξύᾱ • (oxúā) f (genitive ὀξύᾱς); first declension

ὀξύᾱ (canonical)
oxúā (romanization)
ὀξύᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀξύᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξύᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξύαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξύᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξύαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξυῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξύᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξύαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξύαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξύᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξύᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξύᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀξύᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀξύᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀξύαι (plural vocative)

Greek: οξιά (oxiá)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- and, so, cognate with Proto-Germanic *askaz (“ash tree”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”) and Albanian ah (“beech”). The Indo-European character of these words is far from sure, despite the tradition to compare them. The vocalic variation in Greek, which is not sufficiently explained by assuming the intervention of ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”), may in principle also point to a Pre-Greek word. Compare Ancient Macedonian ἄξος (áxos, “a kind of wood”).

cog

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


κορδύλη

grc-noun

κορδῡ́λη • (kordū́lē) f (genitive κορδῡ́λης); first declension

κορδῡ́λη (canonical)
kordū́lē (romanization)
κορδῡ́λης (genitive)
ἡ κορδῡ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορδῦλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορδῡ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορδῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορδῡ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορδῡ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν κορδῡ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορδῡ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
κορδῡ́λη (singular vocative)
κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
κορδῦλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cordȳla

The formation is similar to κανθύλη (kanthúlē), κοτύλη (kotúlē) and σχενδύλη (skhendúlē). Güntert suggests a cross of κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “swelling”) with κορύνη (korúnē, “club, cudgel”) but this is incorrect. The prothetic "σ-" and the suffix "-ῡλ-" lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


φαρέτρα

φᾰρέτρᾱ • (phărétrā) f (genitive φᾰρέτρᾱς); first declension

φᾰρέτρᾱ (canonical)
phărétrā (romanization)
φᾰρέτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φᾰρέτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰρέτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰρέτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰρέτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρέτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρετρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰρέτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρέτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰρέτραις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰρέτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰρέτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰρέτρᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰρέτρᾱ (singular vocative)
φᾰρέτρᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰρέτραι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: pharetra
→ Italian: faretra
→ Portuguese: fáretra
→ Romanian: faretră

It has been assumed a derivation with a reduced grade from φέρω (phérō, “to carry”), beside a full grade in φέρετρον (phéretron, “bier, litter”). However, because a reduced grade is not accepted anymore since the laryngeal theory, a loanword with a folk-etymological adaptation should be considered.


ῥόπαλον

grc-noun

ῥόπᾰλον • (rhópălon) n (genitive ῥοπᾰ́λου); second declension

ῥόπᾰλον (canonical)
rhópălon (romanization)
ῥοπᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ῥόπᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥοπᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥόπᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥοπᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥοπᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥοπᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥοπᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥοπᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥοπᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῥόπᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥοπᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥόπᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥόπᾰλον (singular vocative)
ῥοπᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ῥόπᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ρόπαλο (rópalo)

Traditionally derived from ῥέπω (rhépō, “to decline, descend”), but perhaps not related to the verb.


ἀκινάκης

ἀκῑνάκης • (akīnákēs) m (genitive ἀκῑνάκου); first declension

ἀκῑνάκης (canonical)
akīnákēs (romanization)
ἀκῑνάκου (genitive)
ὁ ἀκῑνάκης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκῑνάκᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀκῑνάκαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκῑνάκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκῑνάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκῑνακῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκῑνάκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκῑνάκαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκῑνάκαις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀκῑνάκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκῑνάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκῑνάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκῑνάκη (singular vocative)
ἀκῑνάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκῑνάκαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: acinacēs

Perhaps borrowed from Iranian, compare Sogdian 𐼋𐼎𐼊𐼀𐼋 (knyʾk /kīnak/, “sword”), Mazanderani کینه (kine), Persian سیکینه (sikinah), یسکینه (iskinah, “chisel”), possibly from Proto-Iranian *kanH- (“to dig”), or alternatively borrowed from Pre-Greek.

short straight sword, used by Persians and Scythians


μάγγανον

μάγγᾰνον • (mángănon) n (genitive μαγγᾰ́νου); second declension

μάγγᾰνον (canonical)
mángănon (romanization)
μαγγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ μάγγᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ μαγγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μάγγᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαγγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαγγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαγγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ μαγγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαγγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαγγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ μάγγᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ μαγγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μάγγᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
μάγγᾰνον (singular vocative)
μαγγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
μάγγᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: μάγγανο (mángano), μάγκανο (mágkano)

→ Arabic: مَنْجَنُون (manjanūn), مَنْجَنِين (manjanīn)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: מנגנ

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַנְגְּנוּן (mangənūn), מַנְגְּנִין (mangənīn)

Classical Syriac: ܡܢܓܢܘܢ (mangānōn)

→ Middle Armenian: մանգանայ (manganay)

→ Old Armenian: մանգղիոն (mangłion), մանգղոն (mangłon)

→ Ge'ez: መንገን (mängän)

→ Georgian: მანგანა (mangana, “pincers (blacksmith); vice”)

→ Hebrew: מַנְגָּנוֹן (manganṓn)

→ Latin: manganum (plural mangana)

→ Middle High German: mange, mangel

German: Mange, Mangel

⇒ German: mangeln

→ Czech: mandl, mangl

⇒ Czech: mandlovat

→ Slovak: mangeľ

⇒ Slovak: mangľovať, mangľovňa

→ Middle Dutch: manghe, mangel

→ English: mangle

→ Romanian: mangăl

→ Finnish: mankeli

→ Middle Low German: mange

→ Hungarian: mángorol

→ Kashubian: mągla

⇒ Kashubian: mąglovac, mąglac

→ Polish: magiel, maglownica, maglarka, maglarz

→ Ukrainian: ма́гель (máhelʹ), ма́голь (máholʹ), ма́гіль (máhilʹ), магельни́ца (mahelʹnýca), магля́рка (mahljárka), маглівни́ца (mahlivnýca)

⇒ Ukrainian: маглюва́ти (mahljuváty)

⇒ Polish: maglować

→ Italian: mangano

Sicilian: mànganu, Mànganu

წკარ-მანგანა

→⇒ Laz: მანგანა (mangana), წკარ-მანგანა (ǯǩar-mangana)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: منگنه (mengene)
Turkish: mengene
→ Armenian: մենկենե (menkene), մանգյանա (mangyana)
→ Bulgarian: ме́нгеме (méngeme)
→ Macedonian: менгеме (mengeme)
→ Persian: منگنه (mangane)
→ Romanian: menghină
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ме̏нгеле, ме̑нгеле
Latin script: mȅngele, mȇngele

Sanskrit मञ्जुल (mañjula, “charming, lovely”) and मङ्गल (maṅgala, “lucky charm, amulet, talisman”) have been proposed as cognates. Connection to the group of μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) is unconvincing. Van Beek suggests a comparison with μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “contrivance”); the pair of words shows prenasalization and interchange of γ and χ, which would be typical reflexes of a Pre-Greek word; however these are typical Semitic variations, and if the movement patterns of a pulley or catapult are compared with that of a sickle, it is easier derived from the family of Aramaic מַגְּלָא / ܡܓܠܐ (maggǝlā), Hebrew מַגָּל (maggā́l), Arabic مِنْجَل (minjal), words of transparent derivation meaning “sickle”, which passed into Old Georgian მანგალი (mangali), Old Armenian մանգաղ (mangał), and formally and geographically remarkably Georgian and Mingrelian მაგანა (magana), still meaning sickle. The senses “philtre”, “charm” and “pulley block”, “bolt”, “catapult” may ultimately have different origins, however both are relatable due to the image of witchcraft being “cast”, like the charge of a catapult is warped or a sickle is rapped.

cog

Aramaic מַגְּלָא


σάγαρις

grc-noun

σᾰ́γᾰρῐς • (sắgărĭs) f (genitive σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος or σᾰγᾰ́ρεως); third declension

σᾰ́γᾰρῐς (canonical)
sắgărĭs (romanization)
σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος (genitive)
σᾰγᾰ́ρεως (genitive)
ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγᾰρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγᾰρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰγᾰ́ρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγᾰρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰγᾰ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰγᾰ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs săgắrĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs săgắrĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́γᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰγᾰ́ρῑς (accusative plural)
σᾰγᾰ́ρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́γᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
σᾰγᾰ́ρῐε (dual vocative)
σᾰγᾰ́ρῐες (plural vocative)
ἡ σᾰ́γᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰγᾰ́ρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰγᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰγᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰγᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰγᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs săgắresĭ (dative plural)
taîs săgắresĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́γᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰγᾰ́ρεις (accusative plural)
σᾰ́γᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
σᾰγᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
σᾰγᾰ́ρεις (plural vocative)

A foreign word without etymology. It has been compared with Latin sagitta (“arrow”) and Proto-Berber *zaġāya (“spear, assegai”) and Psalm 35, 3 Hebrew סְגֹר (səḡōr, translated as a weapon since Parḥōn, as lance by Luther, javelin by the Berean Study Bible, New International Version and New Living Translation, and battle-axe in the New American Standard Bible), but one would rather of course expect Iranian origin, and it is probably a cognate to Latin secūris (“broad axe”) and Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“broad axe”), for which compare Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).

cog

Martin Luther
New American Standard Bible
New International Version
New Living Translation
Psalms
Solomon ben Abraham ibn Parhon


σαμψήρα

grc-noun

σᾰμψήρᾱ • (sămpsḗrā) f (genitive σᾰμψήρᾱς); first declension

σᾰμψήρᾱ (canonical)
sămpsḗrā (romanization)
σᾰμψήρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σᾰμψήρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰμψήρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰμψῆραι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰμψήρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰμψήραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰμψηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰμψήρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰμψήραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰμψήραις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰμψήρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰμψήρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰμψήρᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰμψήρᾱ (singular vocative)
σᾰμψήρᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰμψῆραι (plural vocative)

From an Iranian source common to Old Armenian սուսեր (suser, “sword”), Classical Syriac ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ספסרא, ספסירא (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”) and Persian شمشیر (šamšir, “sword”).


τύκος

grc-noun

τῠ́κος • (tŭ́kos) m (genitive τῠ́κου); second declension

τῠ́κος (canonical)
tŭ́kos (romanization)
τῠ́κου (genitive)
ὁ τῠ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῠ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ τῠ́κοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῠ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῠ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῠ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν τῠ́κον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῠ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῠ́κους (accusative plural)
τῠ́κε (singular vocative)
τῠ́κω (dual vocative)
τῠ́κοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *túkos, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *teuk-, with cognates in Russian ткать (tkatʹ, “to weave”) and Latvian tūkât (“to knead, press”). Yet the consonant variation rather seems to demonstrate that the word is Pre-Greek. The influence of τεύχω (teúkhō, “to make”) is improbable, as its meaning is not specific enough.


ξιφομάχαιρα

ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ

ξῐφομᾰχαίρας

ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ • (xĭphomắkhairă) f (genitive ξῐφομᾰχαίρας); first declension

ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ (canonical)
xĭphomắkhairă (romanization)
ξῐφομᾰχαίρας (genitive)
ἡ ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξῐφομᾰ́χαιραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφομᾰχαίραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφομᾰχαιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφομᾰχαίραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξῐφομᾰχαίραις (dative plural)
τὴν ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾱς (accusative plural)
ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ (singular vocative)
ξῐφομᾰχαίρᾱ (dual vocative)
ξῐφομᾰ́χαιραι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ξῐφομᾰ́χαιρᾰ

From ξίφος (xíphos, “sword”) + μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “knife, dagger”).


δορυδρέπανον

grc-noun

δορῠδρέπᾰνον

δορῠδρεπᾰ́νου

δορῠδρέπᾰνον • (dorŭdrépănon) n (genitive δορῠδρεπᾰ́νου); second declension

δορῠδρέπᾰνον (canonical)
dorŭdrépănon (romanization)
δορῠδρεπᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ δορῠδρέπᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δορῠδρεπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δορῠδρέπᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δορῠδρεπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δορῠδρεπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δορῠδρεπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ δορῠδρεπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δορῠδρεπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δορῠδρεπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ δορῠδρέπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δορῠδρεπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δορῠδρέπᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
δορῠδρέπᾰνον (singular vocative)
δορῠδρεπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
δορῠδρέπᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δορῠδρέπᾰνον

From δόρυ (dóru, “spear, lance”) + δρέπανον (drépanon, “scythe/sickle”).

compound

kind of halbert used for cutting off halyards in sea-fights


πλατύλογχον

grc-noun

πλᾰτῠ́λογχον

πλᾰτῠ́λογχον • (plătŭ́lonkhon) n (genitive πλᾰτῠλόγχου); second declension

πλᾰτῠ́λογχον (canonical)
plătŭ́lonkhon (romanization)
πλᾰτῠλόγχου (genitive)
τὸ πλᾰτῠ́λογχον (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτῠλόγχω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰτῠ́λογχᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰτῠλόγχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτῠλόγχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰτῠλόγχων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰτῠλόγχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτῠλόγχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰτῠλόγχοις (dative plural)
τὸ πλᾰτῠ́λογχον (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτῠλόγχω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλᾰτῠ́λογχᾰ (accusative plural)
πλᾰτῠ́λογχον (singular vocative)
πλᾰτῠλόγχω (dual vocative)
πλᾰτῠ́λογχᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πλᾰτῠ́λογχον

Neuter form of πλᾰτῠ́λογχος (plătŭ́lonkhos, “broad pointed”).


ξυήλη

grc-noun

ξῠήλη • (xŭḗlē) f (genitive ξῠήλης); first declension

ξῠήλη (canonical)
xŭḗlē (romanization)
ξῠήλης (genitive)
ἡ ξῠήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῠήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξῠῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξῠήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῠήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῠηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξῠήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῠήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξῠήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ξῠήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῠήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξῠήλᾱς (accusative plural)
ξῠήλη (singular vocative)
ξῠήλᾱ (dual vocative)
ξῠῆλαι (plural vocative)


ἀκόντιον

ἀκόντῐον • (akóntĭon) n (genitive ἀκοντῐ́ου); second declension

ἀκόντῐον (canonical)
akóntĭon (romanization)
ἀκοντῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἀκόντῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκοντῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀκόντῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκοντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκοντῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκοντῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκοντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκοντῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκοντῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀκόντῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκοντῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀκόντῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀκόντῐον (singular vocative)
ἀκοντῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀκόντῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: acontia

→ Translingual: Acontia

From ἄκων (ákōn, “javelin”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


ὕπερος

grc-noun

ὕπερος • (húperos) m (genitive ὑπέρου); second declension

húperos (romanization)
ὑπέρου (genitive)
ὁ ὕπερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὕπεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑπέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑπέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑπέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὕπερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑπέρους (accusative plural)
ὕπερε (singular vocative)
ὑπέρω (dual vocative)
ὕπεροι (plural vocative)


σαύνιον

σαύνῐον • (saúnĭon) n (genitive σαυνῐ́ου); second declension

σαύνῐον (canonical)
saúnĭon (romanization)
σαυνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σαύνῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σαυνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σαύνῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαυνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαυνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σαυνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαυνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαυνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σαύνῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σαυνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σαύνῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σαύνῐον (singular vocative)
σαυνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σαύνῐᾰ (plural vocative)

The etymology of this word is unexplained.

unk

unexplained


παλτόν

grc-noun

πᾰλτόν • (păltón) n (genitive πᾰλτοῦ); second declension

πᾰλτόν (canonical)
păltón (romanization)
πᾰλτοῦ (genitive)
τὸ πᾰλτόν (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰλτώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰλτᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰλτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰλτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰλτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰλτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰλτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰλτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰλτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰλτώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰλτᾰ́ (accusative plural)
πᾰλτόν (singular vocative)
πᾰλτώ (dual vocative)
πᾰλτᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Neuter form of παλτός (paltós, “brandished, hurled”).


κῆλον

κῆλον • (kêlon) n (genitive κήλου); second declension

kêlon (romanization)
κήλου (genitive)
τὸ κῆλον (nominative singular)
τὼ κήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῆλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῆλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῆλᾰ (accusative plural)
κῆλον (singular vocative)
κήλω (dual vocative)
κῆλᾰ (plural vocative)

It has been compared with Sanskrit शर्या (śaryā, “cane, arrow, missile”), शल्य (śalya, “spear, javelin”) and further Middle Irish cail (“spear”), Old Norse hali (“tail”). However, all these words go back to a root with a short vowel, as opposed to this word, with a long one. Connection with κᾶλον (kâlon, “wood, timber”) is rejected by Frisk and DELG.

cog

(in the plural) shafts of an arrow, arrows, projectiles


γαῖσος

grc-noun

γαῖσος • (gaîsos) m (genitive γαίσου); second declension

gaîsos (romanization)
γαίσου (genitive)
ὁ γαῖσος (nominative singular)
τὼ γαίσω (dual nominative)
οἱ γαῖσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γαίσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαίσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαίσων (genitive plural)
τῷ γαίσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαίσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γαίσοις (dative plural)
τὸν γαῖσον (accusative singular)
τὼ γαίσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γαίσους (accusative plural)
γαῖσε (singular vocative)
γαίσω (dual vocative)
γαῖσοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: գայիսոն (gayison)

From Latin gaesum, itself from Gaulish *gaisos, from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”). Compare also χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”), Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”).


ὄναγρος

ὄνᾰγρος • (ónăgros) m (genitive ὀνᾰ́γρου); second declension

ὄνᾰγρος (canonical)
ónăgros (romanization)
ὀνᾰ́γρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄνᾰγρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄνᾰγροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄνᾰγρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀνᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
ὄνᾰγρε (singular vocative)
ὀνᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
ὄνᾰγροι (plural vocative)

Greek: όναγρος (ónagros)

→ Albanian: onagër

desctree

→ Latin: onager
French: onagre
Italian: onagro
Portuguese: onagro
Spanish: onagro
→ English: onager

From ὄνος (ónos, “ass, donkey”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”).


ἡμιπέλεκκον

grc-noun

ἡμῐπέλεκκον • (hēmĭpélekkon) n (genitive ἡμῐπελέκκου); second declension

ἡμῐπέλεκκον (canonical)
hēmĭpélekkon (romanization)
ἡμῐπελέκκου (genitive)
τὸ ἡμῐπέλεκκον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμῐπελέκκω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡμῐπέλεκκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡμῐπελέκκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμῐπελέκκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμῐπελέκκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡμῐπελέκκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμῐπελέκκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡμῐπελέκκοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἡμῐπέλεκκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμῐπελέκκω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡμῐπέλεκκᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡμῐπέλεκκον (singular vocative)
ἡμῐπελέκκω (dual vocative)
ἡμῐπέλεκκᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “handle of an axe”).


ῥόμιξα

head

ῥόμιξα • (rhómixa)

According to Furnée, the word is from Pre-Greek, in view of the suffix -ιξα which is shared also by σόρνιξα (sórnixa, “rocket”). On the other hand, Liddell and Scott connect this word with Latin rumex (“sorrel”).

Hesychius gives the definition as: εἶδος ἀκοντίου (eîdos akontíou, literally “kind of javelin”).


ἐγχείη

grc-noun

ἐγχείη • (enkheíē) f (genitive ἐγχείης); first declension

enkheíē (romanization)
ἐγχείης (genitive)
ἐγχείη (nominative singular)
ἐγχείᾱ (dual nominative)
ἐγχεῖαι (nominative plural)
ἐγχείης (genitive singular)
ἐγχείαιν (dual genitive)
ἐγχείαιῐν (dual genitive)
ἐγχείῃῐν (dual genitive)
enkheíain (dual genitive)
enkheíaiĭn (dual genitive)
enkheíēiĭn (dual genitive)
ἐγχειᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
ἐγχειέ͜ων (genitive plural)
ἐγχειῶν (genitive plural)
ἐγχείῃ (dative singular)
ἐγχείαιν (dative dual)
ἐγχείαιῐν (dative dual)
ἐγχείῃῐν (dative dual)
enkheíain (dative dual)
enkheíaiĭn (dative dual)
enkheíēiĭn (dative dual)
ἐγχείῃσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγχείῃσῐν (dative plural)
ἐγχείῃς (dative plural)
ἐγχείαις (dative plural)
enkheíēisĭ (dative plural)
enkheíēisĭn (dative plural)
enkheíēis (dative plural)
enkheíais (dative plural)
ἐγχείην (accusative singular)
ἐγχείᾱ (accusative dual)
ἐγχείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐγχείη (singular vocative)
ἐγχείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐγχεῖαι (plural vocative)

/eŋ.kʰěː.ɛː/

/eŋ.kʰěː.ɛː/

(Epic) spear (long stick with a sharp tip)


τρίβολος

τρῐ́βολος • (trĭ́bolos) m (genitive τρῐβόλου); second declension

τρῐ́βολος (canonical)
trĭ́bolos (romanization)
τρῐβόλου (genitive)
ὁ τρῐ́βολος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐβόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρῐ́βολοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρῐβόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐβόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐβόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρῐβόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐβόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρῐβόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρῐ́βολον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐβόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρῐβόλους (accusative plural)
τρῐ́βολε (singular vocative)
τρῐβόλω (dual vocative)
τρῐ́βολοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: tribulus

→ Translingual: Tribulus


βελοσφενδόνη

βελοσφενδόνης

βελοσφενδόνη • (belosphendónē) f (genitive βελοσφενδόνης); first declension

belosphendónē (romanization)
βελοσφενδόνης (genitive)
ἡ βελοσφενδόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ βελοσφενδόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βελοσφενδόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βελοσφενδόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελοσφενδόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελοσφενδονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βελοσφενδόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελοσφενδόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βελοσφενδόναις (dative plural)
τὴν βελοσφενδόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ βελοσφενδόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βελοσφενδόνᾱς (accusative plural)
βελοσφενδόνη (singular vocative)
βελοσφενδόνᾱ (dual vocative)
βελοσφενδόναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βελοσφενδόνη

From βέλος (bélos, “missile, arrow, dart”) + σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

affix

dart wrapped with pitch and tow, and thrown while on fire from an engine


ἄγγων

grc-noun

ἄγγων • (ángōn) m (genitive ἄγγωνος); third declension

ángōn (romanization)
ἄγγωνος (genitive)
ὁ ἄγγων (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄγγωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄγγωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄγγωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄγγωσῐ (dative plural)
ἄγγωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ángōsĭ (dative plural)
toîs ángōsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄγγωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄγγωνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄγγων (singular vocative)
ἄγγωνε (dual vocative)
ἄγγωνες (plural vocative)

From Frankish, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *angô (“hook, barb; spear, dart”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“to bend”). From the same root is ἀγκών (ankṓn, “elbow”).


μεσάγκυλον

grc-noun

μεσᾰ́γκῠλον • (mesắnkŭlon) n (genitive μεσᾰγκῠ́λου); second declension

μεσᾰ́γκῠλον (canonical)
mesắnkŭlon (romanization)
μεσᾰγκῠ́λου (genitive)
τὸ μεσᾰ́γκῠλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μεσᾰγκῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μεσᾰ́γκῠλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μεσᾰγκῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεσᾰγκῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεσᾰγκῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ μεσᾰγκῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεσᾰγκῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μεσᾰγκῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ μεσᾰ́γκῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μεσᾰγκῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μεσᾰ́γκῠλᾰ (accusative plural)
μεσᾰ́γκῠλον (singular vocative)
μεσᾰγκῠ́λω (dual vocative)
μεσᾰ́γκῠλᾰ (plural vocative)

From μεσο- (meso-, in the middle) + ἀγκύλη (ankúlē, “thong of a javelin”).


δράγλη

grc-noun

δρᾱ́γλη • (drā́glē) f (genitive δρᾱ́γλης); first declension

δρᾱ́γλη (canonical)
drā́glē (romanization)
δρᾱ́γλης (genitive)
ἡ δρᾱ́γλη (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾱ́γλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δρᾶγλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δρᾱ́γλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾱ́γλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾱγλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δρᾱ́γλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾱ́γλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρᾱ́γλαις (dative plural)
τὴν δρᾱ́γλην (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾱ́γλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρᾱ́γλᾱς (accusative plural)
δρᾱ́γλη (singular vocative)
δρᾱ́γλᾱ (dual vocative)
δρᾶγλαι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin trāgula (“javelin”).


ξιφοδρέπανον

ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον

ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νου

ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον • (xĭphodrépănon) n (genitive ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νου); second declension

ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον (canonical)
xĭphodrépănon (romanization)
ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐφοδρέπᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐφοδρέπᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον (singular vocative)
ξῐφοδρεπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ξῐφοδρέπᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ξῐφοδρέπᾰνον

From ξῐ́φος (xĭ́phos, “sword”) + δρέπᾰνον (drépănon, “sickle”).


λαγκία

grc-noun

λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ • (lănkĭ́ā) f (genitive λᾰγκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
lănkĭ́ā (romanization)
λᾰγκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰγκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰγκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰγκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰγκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰγκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰγκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
λᾰγκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰγκῐ́αι (plural vocative)


ἐπίθεμα

ἐπίθεμᾰ • (epíthemă) n (genitive ἐπιθέμᾰτος); third declension

ἐπίθεμᾰ (canonical)
epíthemă (romanization)
ἐπιθέμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐπίθεμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπιθέμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐπιθέμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐπιθέμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπιθεμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπιθεμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐπιθέμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπιθεμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐπιθέμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐπιθέμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs epithémăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs epithémăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἐπίθεμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπιθέμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐπιθέμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐπίθεμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐπιθέμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐπιθέμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: epithema, epithem

French: épithème

Greek: επίθεμα (epíthema)

Latin: epithema

Italian: pittima

Leonese: bilma

Old Spanish: bidma, bizma

Spanish: bizma

From ἐπι- (epi-, “on, upon, atop”) + θέμα (théma, “that which is placed or laid down”).


βολίς

grc-noun

βολίς • (bolís) f (genitive βολίδος); third declension

bolís (romanization)
βολίδος (genitive)
ἡ βολῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ βολῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ βολῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς βολῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βολῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βολῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
βολῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs bolĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs bolĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν βολῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βολῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βολῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
βολῐ́ς (singular vocative)
βολῐ́δε (dual vocative)
βολῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: βολίδα (volída)

Latin: bolis (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw”).


ἐντανύω

grc-verb

ἐντᾰνύω • (entănúō)

ἐντᾰνύω (canonical)
entănúō (romanization)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ω (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́εις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ωμῐ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ῃσθᾰ (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ῃσῐ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οισ (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οισθᾰ (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οι (active optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ειν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠέμεν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠέμεναι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́μεν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́μεναι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ων (active masculine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ον (active neuter participle)
ἐντᾰ́νῠον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐντᾰ́νῠες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰ́νῠε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́ετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐντᾰνῠόμεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́εσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́οντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σω (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοισ (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοισθᾰ (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεαι (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐντᾰνῠσόμεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίμεσθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσοίᾰτο (middle optative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σειν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠσέμεν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠσέμεναι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σμεν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σμεναι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σεσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σων (active masculine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσόμενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσομένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σον (active neuter participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσόμενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωμῐ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σῃσθᾰ (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σῃσῐ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαις (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαισθᾰ (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σειε (active optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σειεν (active optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαι (active optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσεῖτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσείτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσεῖμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠσεῖτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσεῖεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσον (active imperative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰο (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σηαι (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠσώμεσθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠσαίμεσθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσαίᾰτο (middle optative plural third-person)
ἐντᾰ́νῠσαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σαι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μεν (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰμέναι (active infinitive)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾱς (active masculine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰμένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἐντᾰνῠ́σᾰν (active neuter participle)
ἐντᾰνῠσᾰ́μενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)


ταρκάσιον

grc-noun

ταρκάσιον • (tarkásion) n (genitive ταρκασίου); second declension

tarkásion (romanization)
ταρκασίου (genitive)
τὸ ταρκάσιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ταρκασίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ταρκάσιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ταρκασίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταρκασίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταρκασίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ταρκασίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταρκασίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ταρκασίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ταρκάσιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ταρκασίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ταρκάσιᾰ (accusative plural)
ταρκάσιον (singular vocative)
ταρκασίω (dual vocative)
ταρκάσιᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Old French: carquais

French: carquois

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: carcaix

Galician: carcás

Portuguese: carcás

→ Old Spanish: carcax

Spanish: carcaj

→ Italian: turcasso

From Persian ترکش (tarkaš) + -ιον (-ion).

(Byzantine) quiver (container for arrows)