φλέψ

grc-noun

φλέψ • (phléps) f (genitive φλεβός); third declension

phléps (romanization)
φλεβός (genitive)
ἡ φλέψ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (dual nominative)
αἱ φλέβες (nominative plural)
τῆς φλεβός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλεβῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλεψῐ́ (dative plural)
φλεψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phlepsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν φλέβᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλέβᾰς (accusative plural)
φλέψ (singular vocative)
φλέβε (dual vocative)
φλέβες (plural vocative)

English: phlebo-

Greek: φλέβα (fléva)

Traditionally linked to a large group of words beginning with "φλ-", like φλέω (phléō), φλύω (phlúō) and φλύκταινα (phlúktaina). It has been supposed to be an enlargement in -gʷ- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell”), but this would not solve anything. Thus, a Pre-Greek origin is the most probable hypothesis.

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.546


σημεῖον

grc-noun

σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension

sēmeîon (romanization)
σημείου (genitive)
τὸ σημεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ σημείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σημείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημείων (genitive plural)
τῷ σημείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σημείοις (dative plural)
τὸ σημεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ σημείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
σημεῖον (singular vocative)
σημείω (dual vocative)
σημεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σημείο (simeío)

From σῆμᾰ (sêmă, “mark, sign”) + -ῐον (-ĭon).


βουβών

βουβών • (boubṓn) m (genitive βουβῶνος); third declension

boubṓn (romanization)
βουβῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουβών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουβῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουβῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουβώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουβῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουβῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουβῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βουβῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουβῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουβών (singular vocative)
βουβῶνε (dual vocative)
βουβῶνες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būbō, būbōnēs

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European expressive root *bew-, *bow- (“to swell; ball”); see βῠβός (bŭbós, “full, great”), βου- (bou-, augmentative prefix), βουνός (bounós, “hill, mound; clot”), βοῦᾰ (boûă, “group of children; herd?”), βῶλος (bôlos, “clod”), βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), but these cannot be regular morphological derivations of the same root.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(pathology) a bubo in the groin (a swelling of lymph nodes due to infection)


φάρμακον

grc-noun

φάρμᾰκον • (phármăkon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension

φάρμᾰκον (canonical)
phármăkon (romanization)
φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
φάρμᾰκον (singular vocative)
φαρμᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
φάρμᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)

desc

Mariupol Greek: фармакиро (farmakiro), фармакону (farmakonu), фарматея (farmatjeja), фармач (farmač)

→ Latin: pharmacum

Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).
Based on α/ο and μ/β variations found in the likely-related φόρβαντα (phórbanta, “doctor's medicine”), as well as the rather strange structure of the word, R. S. P. Beekes proposes Pre-Greek origin. Foreign origin is also supported by Chantraine, Furnee, and Schwyzer.
An older theory by Pokorny (1959) connects the word to the Greek root φαρ-, supposedly also found in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e. a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, and compares Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) (which he takes as the result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”)) and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare also Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).

unk

Unclear

cog

τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι.

but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)

tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.


πάππος

grc-noun

πᾰ́ππος • (pắppos) m (genitive πᾰ́ππου); second declension

πᾰ́ππος (canonical)
pắppos (romanization)
πᾰ́ππου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ππους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ππε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ππω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πποι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: πάππος (páppos)

Mariupol Greek: па́пус (pápus)

→ Romani: pàpos

→ Latin: pappus

Aromanian: pap

→ English: pappus

→ Italian: pappo

Reduplicated nursery word; compare πάππας (páppas, “daddy, papa”).

(botany) pappus, down on the seeds of certain plants


λοβός

λοβός • (lobós) m (genitive λοβοῦ); second declension

lobós (romanization)
λοβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λοβός (nominative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λοβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λοβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λοβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λοβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λοβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λοβούς (accusative plural)
λοβέ (singular vocative)
λοβώ (dual vocative)
λοβοί (plural vocative)

→ English: lobus

Italian: lobo

→ Middle French: lobe

→ English: lobe

French: lobe

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”), if such a root exists. Uncertain.


σκάφος

grc-noun

σκᾰ́φος • (skắphos) n (genitive σκᾰ́φεος); third declension

σκᾰ́φος (canonical)
skắphos (romanization)
σκᾰ́φεος (genitive)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́φεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰφέων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́φεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
σκᾰ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skắphesĭ (dative plural)
toîs skắphesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́φος (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́φεε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́φεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σκάφος (skáfos)

→ Italian: scafo

From σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”) + -ος (-os). Compare, for more, σκῠ́φος (skŭ́phos).


γάγγραινα

γάγγραινᾰ • (gángraină) f (genitive γαγγραίνης); first declension

γάγγραινᾰ (canonical)
gángraină (romanization)
γαγγραίνης (genitive)
ἡ γάγγραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γάγγραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαγγραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαγγραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαγγραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαγγραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν γάγγραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαγγραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
γάγγραινᾰ (singular vocative)
γαγγραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
γάγγραιναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: gangraena
French: gangrène
→ English: gangrene
→ Romanian: gangrenă, cangrenă
→ Turkish: kangren
Italian: cancrena
Russian: гангрена (gangrena)
Spanish: gangrena

In antiquity it was compared with γράω (gráō, “to devour”) but this is incorrect. It is most probably a Pre-Greek word.


λύπη

grc-noun

λῡ́πη • (lū́pē) f (genitive λῡ́πης); first declension

λῡ́πη (canonical)
lū́pē (romanization)
λῡ́πης (genitive)
ἡ λῡ́πη (nominative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῦπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῡ́πης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῡπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῡ́πῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῡ́παις (dative plural)
τὴν λῡ́πην (accusative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῡ́πᾱς (accusative plural)
λῡ́πη (singular vocative)
λῡ́πᾱ (dual vocative)
λῦπαι (plural vocative)

Greek: λύπη (lýpi)

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connection to Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”) can be dismissed, as the Sanskrit root is much more likely from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”), which cannot produce the Greek term.
Beekes tentatively prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”). While phonetically sound and semantically possible, the lack of evidence directly connecting the Greek sense of "grief, pain" to the hypothetical original "peeling, breaking" sense renders the etymology uncertain.

cog

pain (of mind or body), suffering, affliction, distress


θεραπευτής

grc-noun

θερᾰπευτής • (therăpeutḗs) m (genitive θερᾰπευτοῦ); first declension

θερᾰπευτής (canonical)
therăpeutḗs (romanization)
θερᾰπευτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θερᾰπευτής (nominative singular)
τὼ θερᾰπευτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ θερᾰπευταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θερᾰπευτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπευταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θερᾰπευτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θερᾰπευτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν θερᾰπευταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θερᾰπευταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θερᾰπευτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ θερᾰπευτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θερᾰπευτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
θερᾰπευτᾰ́ (singular vocative)
θερᾰπευτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
θερᾰπευταί (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: terapeuta

→ Czech: terapeut

→ Danish: terapeut

→ Dutch: therapeut

→ Finnish: terapeutti

→ French: thérapeute

→ German: Therapeut

→ Hungarian: terapeuta

→ Italian: terapeuta

→ Norwegian: terapeut

→ Polish: terapeuta

→ Portuguese: terapeuta

→ Romanian: terapeut

→ Russian: терапе́вт (terapévt)

→ Serbo-Croatian: terapèut

→ Spanish: terapeuta

→ Swedish: terapeut

From θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “I wait on, attend, serve, cure”) + -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix).

suffix

One who waits upon another; attendant.
worshiper (who waits upon a deity)

One who waits upon another; attendant.
courtier (who waits upon a ruler)

medical attendant (who waits upon someone who's ill)


ἄχος

grc-noun

ἄχος • (ákhos) n (genitive ἄχεος or ἄχους); third declension

ákhos (romanization)
ἄχεος (genitive)
ἄχους (genitive)
ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́χευς (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓χέοιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̓χέων (genitive plural)
ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ (dative singular)
ᾰ̓χέοιν (dative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεε (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîs ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χη (plural vocative)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (dual nominative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̓́χευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́χει (dative singular)
ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ ắkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ ắkhesĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́χος (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́χει (accusative dual)
ᾰ̓́χεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χος (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́χει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos, from the root *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, in distress, afraid”). Compare Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil”), Proto-Germanic *agaz (“fear”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), dialectal English ey).


λαβή

λᾰβή • (lăbḗ) f (genitive λᾰβῆς); first declension

λᾰβή (canonical)
lăbḗ (romanization)
λᾰβῆς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰβή (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰβᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰβαί (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰβῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰβαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰβῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰβαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰβαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰβήν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰβᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰβᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
λᾰβή (singular vocative)
λᾰβᾱ́ (dual vocative)
λᾰβαί (plural vocative)

Greek: λαβή (laví)

From λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take, grasp”) + -ή (-ḗ).

af

(anatomy, in the plural) insertions, attachments of muscles


μέθοδος

grc-noun

μέθοδος • (méthodos) f (genitive μεθόδου); second declension

méthodos (romanization)
μεθόδου (genitive)
ἡ μέθοδος (nominative singular)
τὼ μεθόδω (dual nominative)
αἱ μέθοδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς μεθόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεθόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεθόδων (genitive plural)
τῇ μεθόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεθόδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μεθόδοις (dative plural)
τὴν μέθοδον (accusative singular)
τὼ μεθόδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μεθόδους (accusative plural)
μέθοδε (singular vocative)
μεθόδω (dual vocative)
μέθοδοι (plural vocative)

Armenian: մեթոդ (metʻod)

Esperanto: metodo

Georgian: მეთოდი (metodi)

Greek: μέθοδος (méthodos)

Hebrew: מֶתוֹדָה (metóda)

Italian: metodo

Latin: methodus (see there for further descendants)

Portuguese: método

Russian: ме́тод (métod)

From μετ’ (met’, “transcending, encompassing, median”) + ὁδός (hodós, “road, way, path”), literally “the transcending path”.

af

pursuit of knowledge, investigation, inquiry; hence, treatise


σύρμα

grc-noun

σύρμᾰ • (súrmă) n (genitive σύρμᾰτος); third declension

σύρμᾰ (canonical)
súrmă (romanization)
σύρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῠ́ρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σῠ́ρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῠ́ρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σῠ́ρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sŭ́rmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs sŭ́rmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῠ́ρμᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠ́ρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

> Byzantine Greek: σύρμα (súrma) (inherited)

> Greek: σύρμα (sýrma) (inherited)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صرمه, صیرمه (sırma), սըրմա (sırma) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: sırma
→ Albanian: sërmë, sërme
→ Armenian: սրմա (srma), սիրմա (sirma), սռմա (sṙma), սուրմա (surma), սրմայ (srmay), սիրմայ (sirmay), սռմայ (sṙmay), սուրմայ (surmay) — traditional orthography
→ Bulgarian: съ́рма (sǎ́rma)
→ Georgian: სირმა (sirma)
→ Macedonian: ср́ма (sŕma)
→ Romanian: sîrmă, sârmă
→ Serbo-Croatian: sŕma / ср́ма

→ Latin: syrma

From σύρω (súrō, “to draw, drag, trail”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).

(medicine) An abrasion, a scaly skin disease

Anything trailed or dragged
An abrasion, a scaly skin disease


χυλός

grc-noun

χῡλός • (khūlós) m (genitive χῡλοῦ); second declension

χῡλός (canonical)
khūlós (romanization)
χῡλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῡλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῡλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῡλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῡλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῡλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῡλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῡλούς (accusative plural)
χῡλέ (singular vocative)
χῡλώ (dual vocative)
χῡλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χυλός (chylós)

→ Latin: chȳlus

→ English: chyle

Traditionally derived as a nominal formation from χέω (khéō, “to pour”), but like χυμός (khumós, “juice, liquid”), it is unclear how the long -ῡ- can be explained.

chyle, juice produced by the digestion of food


περόνη

περόνη • (perónē) f (genitive περόνης); first declension

perónē (romanization)
περόνης (genitive)
ἡ περόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ περόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς περόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς περόναις (dative plural)
τὴν περόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περόνᾱς (accusative plural)
περόνη (singular vocative)
περόνᾱ (dual vocative)
περόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: περόνη (peróni)

⇒ Koine Greek: περόνιον (perónion)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πιρούνιν (piroúnin), περούνιν (peroúnin)

desctree

Greek: πιρούνι (piroúni)
→ Albanian: pirun
→ Aromanian: pirunã
→ Friulian: piron
→ Ladino: piron
→ Mòcheno: paru'
→ Romanian: piron
→ Serbo-Croatian: pirun / пирун
→ Venetan: piron
→ Cimbrian: pirù
→ Lombard: piron

→ English: perone

From πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, run through”), formed with the pattern of ᾰ̓κόνη (ăkónē, “whetstone, hone”), βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

(anatomy) radius; (more frequently) fibula, calf bone

(zootomy) ligament below the knee of a horse


κλάδος

grc-noun

κλᾰ́δος • (klắdos) m (genitive κλᾰ́δου); second declension

κλᾰ́δος (canonical)
klắdos (romanization)
κλᾰ́δου (genitive)
ὁ κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ κλᾰ́δοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλᾰ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ κλᾰ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλᾰ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν κλᾰ́δον (accusative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλᾰ́δους (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δε (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δω (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δοι (plural vocative)
ὁ κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
οἱ κλᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλᾰδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κλᾰδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλᾰσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλᾰσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs klăsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν κλᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δος (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δες (plural vocative)
κλᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
κλᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
κλᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
κλᾰδός (genitive singular)
κλᾰδοῖῐν (dual genitive)
κλᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
κλᾰδέων (genitive plural)
κλᾰδῐ́ (dative singular)
κλᾰδοῖῐν (dative dual)
κλᾰσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δεσσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δεσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰδέεσσῐ (dative plural)
κλᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
κλᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
κλᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κλᾰ́δος (singular vocative)
κλᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
κλᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κλᾰδῶν/κλᾰδέων

κλᾰσῐ́/κλᾰ́δεσσῐ/κλᾰ́δεσῐ/κλᾰδέεσσῐ

→ English: clade

→ Czech: klad

→ Esperanto: klado

→ Estonian: klaad

→ Finnish: kladi

→ French: clade

→ Polish: klad

→ Portuguese: clado

→ Spanish: clado

→ Greek: κλάδος (kládos) (learned)

→ New Latin: cladus

→ English: cladus

→ Italian: clado

Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *klə́dos, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥d-o-s (“piece of wood”), which is traditionally linked to *kelh₂- (“to break”). Often compared with Proto-Slavic *kòlda (“block, log”) and Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”). Beekes is skeptical enough of Indo-European origin and particularly the connection of the reconstructed root to *kelh₂- to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, though not skeptical enough to reject an Indo-European origin entirely.
Other potential cognates include Latin clādes, Old Irish caill, Macedonian клада (klada).


διάρροια

grc-noun

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ • (dĭắrrhoiă) f (genitive δῐᾰρροίᾱς); first declension

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (canonical)
dĭắrrhoiă (romanization)
δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰρροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰρροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰρροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάρροια (diárroia)

Latin: diarrhoea

affix

δῐᾰρρέω (dĭărrhéō) + -ιᾰ (-iă)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 3.21

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 150

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 85e

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 605a.27

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 30

(medicine, once fully as κοιλίας διάρροια) flowing through, diarrhoea


βλέννα

grc-noun

βλέννα • (blénna) f (genitive βλέννης); first declension

blénna (romanization)
βλέννης (genitive)
ἡ βλέννᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βλένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βλέννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βλέννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βλένναις (dative plural)
τὴν βλέννᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βλέννᾱς (accusative plural)
βλέννᾰ (singular vocative)
βλέννᾱ (dual vocative)
βλένναι (plural vocative)

Often connected with Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, gentle”) and Middle Irish blind (“slime from the mouth of a dead man”). However, according to Furnée, the variations would prove a Pre-Greek origin.


κόκκυξ

grc-noun

κόκκῡξ • (kókkūx) m (genitive κόκκῡγος); third declension

κόκκῡξ (canonical)
kókkūx (romanization)
κόκκῡγος (genitive)
ὁ κόκκῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκῡγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκῡγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκῡ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῡγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκῡξῐ (dative plural)
κόκκῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxĭ (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκῡγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκῡγᾰς (accusative plural)
κόκκῡξ (singular vocative)
κόκκῡγε (dual vocative)
κόκκῡγες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coccyx

From Proto-Hellenic *kókkūks, eventually from the same onomatopoeic root of κόκκῡ (kókkū, “cry of the cuckoo”) and κοκκύζω (kokkúzō, “to cry cuckoo”). Compare also English cuckoo, Latin cucūlus (“cuckoo”) and Greek κούκος (koúkos, “cuckoo”), which are all onomatopoeias.


ἐγκέφαλος

ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhălos) m (genitive ἐγκεφᾰ́λου); second declension

ἐγκέφᾰλος (canonical)
enképhălos (romanization)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ ἐγκέφᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐγκέφᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐγκεφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκεφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐγκέφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐγκεφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ἐγκέφᾰλε (singular vocative)
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ἐγκέφᾰλοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲛⲅⲉⲫⲁⲗⲟⲥ (angephalos)

From ἐν- (en-, “in”) + κεφᾰλή (kephălḗ, “head”) + -ος (-os).

Διὸς ἐγκέφαλος

rare and costly food; literally: Zeus' brain


κοχλίας

grc-noun

κοχλῐ́ᾱς • (kokhlĭ́ās) m (genitive κοχλίου); first declension

κοχλῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
kokhlĭ́ās (romanization)
κοχλίου (genitive)
ὁ κοχλῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κοχλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοχλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοχλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κοχλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοχλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν κοχλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοχλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοχλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοχλίας (kochlías)

→ Latin: coclea

From κόχλος (kókhlos, “shellfish with a spiral shell”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-ĭ́ās, nominal suffix).

af

anything twisted spirally:
(surgery) part of a surgical machine

anything twisted spirally:
part of a surgical machine


κόλον

grc-noun

κόλον • (kólon) n (genitive κόλου); second declension

kólon (romanization)
κόλου (genitive)
τὸ κόλον (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόλοις (dative plural)
τὸ κόλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόλᾰ (accusative plural)
κόλον (singular vocative)
κόλω (dual vocative)
κόλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κόλον (kólon) (learned)

→ Latin: colon (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܠܘܢ (qōlōn)

Uncertain. Grammarians of Hellenistic times proposed relation to βουκόλος (boukólos, “tending kine”), δύσκολος (dúskolos, “difficult”), κόλαξ (kólax, “flatterer”). Other theories include κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, club-footed”) and κόλος (kólos, “docked, hornless”). No relation to κῶλον (kôlon, “limb”).

(anatomy) colon (last part of the digestive system)


κέλυφος

κέλῡφος • (kélūphos) n (genitive κελῡ́φους); third declension

κέλῡφος (canonical)
kélūphos (romanization)
κελῡ́φους (genitive)
τὸ κέλῡφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κελῡ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κελῡ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κελῡ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κελῡφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κελῡφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κελῡ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν κελῡφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κελῡ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
κελῡ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kelū́phesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kelū́phesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κέλῡφος (accusative singular)
τὼ κελῡ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κελῡ́φη (accusative plural)
κέλῡφος (singular vocative)
κελῡ́φει (dual vocative)
κελῡ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: κέλυφος (kélyfos)

According to Beekes, connected with the group of καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), with a Pre-Greek suffix.


γνάθος

γνᾰ́θος • (gnắthos) f (genitive γνᾰ́θου); second declension

γνᾰ́θος (canonical)
gnắthos (romanization)
γνᾰ́θου (genitive)
ἡ γνᾰ́θος (nominative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (dual nominative)
αἱ γνᾰ́θοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γνᾰ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γνᾰ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ γνᾰ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γνᾰ́θοις (dative plural)
τὴν γνᾰ́θον (accusative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γνᾰ́θους (accusative plural)
γνᾰ́θε (singular vocative)
γνᾰ́θω (dual vocative)
γνᾰ́θοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos)

→⇒ English: gnatho- (learned)

→ Late Latin: ganathus (learned)

desctree

→⇒ Italian: ganascia
→ French: ganache
→ English: ganache

→⇒ New Latin: eurygnathus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₂dʰ-os, from a root *ǵneh₂dʰ-, related to *ǵénu- (“jaw, cheek, chin”), despite (as Beekes objects) not yielding *γνᾱθος as may be expected. Cognate with Lithuanian žándas (“cheek”) and English chin.


σταφυλή

grc-noun

σταφυλή • (staphulḗ) f (genitive σταφυλῆς); first declension

staphulḗ (romanization)
σταφυλῆς (genitive)
ἡ σταφυλή (nominative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σταφυλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σταφυλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σταφυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σταφυλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σταφυλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σταφυλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σταφυλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σταφυλή (singular vocative)
σταφυλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σταφυλαί (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: σταφύλιον (staphúlion)

Greek: σταφύλι (stafýli)

Though traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to be stiff; post”) (compare Sanskrit स्तम्भ (stambha, “pillar”), Old English stæf (“staff”)) via an assumed intermediate sense “stem”, according to Beekes, the word is clearly Pre-Greek, along with the related στέμφυλα (stémphula, “bunch of (pressed) olives or grapes”) and ἀσταφίς (astaphís, “dried grapes”). It must be noted that the usual Avar word for “grape” is цӏибил (cʼibil) and is internally derived in Caucasian.


κύαμος

grc-noun

κῠ́ᾰμος • (kŭ́ămos) m (genitive κῠᾰ́μου); second declension

κῠ́ᾰμος (canonical)
kŭ́ămos (romanization)
κῠᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́ᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́ᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́ᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
κῠ́ᾰμε (singular vocative)
κῠᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κῠ́ᾰμοι (plural vocative)

Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of variations and rejects a derivation from κυέω (kuéō). Possibly connected to Classical Syriac ܓܘܡܐ (gūmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גוגמא, גגמא (“bean”).


πώγων

πώγων • (pṓgōn) m (genitive πώγωνος); third declension

pṓgōn (romanization)
πώγωνος (genitive)
ὁ πώγων (nominative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πώγωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώγωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πωγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώγωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώγωσῐ (dative plural)
πώγωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πώγωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώγωνᾰς (accusative plural)
πώγων (singular vocative)
πώγωνε (dual vocative)
πώγωνες (plural vocative)

→ English: pogono-


κρημνός

κρημνός • (krēmnós) m (genitive κρημνοῦ); second declension

krēmnós (romanization)
κρημνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρημνός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρημνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρημνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρημνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρημνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρημνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρημνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρημνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρημνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρημνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρημνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρημνούς (accusative plural)
κρημνέ (singular vocative)
κρημνώ (dual vocative)
κρημνοί (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered an old verbal noun from κρεμάννυμι (kremánnumi, “to hang”), however Beekes finds this impossible and leaves the etymology unexplained. Since a root-final -α- would be expected, and landscape terms are often borrowed from substrate languages, the word is probably Pre-Greek. The suffix -(ᾱ)μν-ο- (-(ā)mn-o-) is also considered Pre-Greek by Beekes.

unk

unexplained

(in the plural) (medicine) edges of an ulcer


λαγών

grc-noun

λᾰγών • (lăgṓn) f or m (genitive λᾰγόνος); third declension

λᾰγών (canonical)
lăgṓn (romanization)
λᾰγόνος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λᾰγών (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λᾰγόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λᾰγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λᾰγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λᾰγόσῐ (dative plural)
λᾰγόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs lăgósĭ (dative plural)
taîs lăgósĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λᾰγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰγών (singular vocative)
λᾰγόνε (dual vocative)
λᾰγόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: λαγόνα (lagóna)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₁g- (“weak, faint”) the same root of λαγαρός (lagarós, “hollow, sunken”), λαγαίω (lagaíō, “to release”), λάγνος (lágnos, “lascivious”), λήγω (lḗgō, “to stop, cease”) and λωγάνιον (lōgánion, “dewlap of oxen”).

der

(anatomy) hollow on each side below the ribs, flank


πριαπισμός

grc-noun

πρῐᾱπισμός • (prĭāpismós) m (genitive πρῐᾱπισμοῦ); second declension

πρῐᾱπισμός (canonical)
prĭāpismós (romanization)
πρῐᾱπισμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πρῐᾱπισμός (nominative singular)
τοῦ πρῐᾱπισμοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ πρῐᾱπισμῷ (dative singular)
τὸν πρῐᾱπισμόν (accusative singular)
πρῐᾱπισμέ (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: priapisme

→ Danish: priapisme

→ Dutch: priapisme

→ English: priapism

→ French: priapisme

→ Indonesian: priapisme

→ Italian: priapismo

→ Norwegian Bokmål: priapisme

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: priapisme

→ Portuguese: priapismo

→ Romanian: priapism

→ Spanish: priapismo

From Πρίᾱπος (Príāpos) + -ισμός (-ismós).


δοθιήν

δοθῐήν • (dothĭḗn) m (genitive δοθῐῆνος); third declension

δοθῐήν (canonical)
dothĭḗn (romanization)
δοθῐῆνος (genitive)
ὁ δοθῐήν (nominative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ δοθῐῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δοθῐῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοθῐήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δοθῐῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δοθῐῆσῐ (dative plural)
δοθῐῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dothĭêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs dothĭêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δοθῐῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δοθῐῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
δοθῐήν (singular vocative)
δοθῐῆνε (dual vocative)
δοθῐῆνες (plural vocative)

English: dothienenteritis, dothienic

Greek: δοθιήνας (dothiínas)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On the Humors 20

500 BCE – 350 BCE, Hermippus, Collected Works 30

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1172

5th century BC, Telecleides 43

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.128.6


φίλτρον

φῐ́λτρον • (phĭ́ltron) n (genitive φῐ́λτρου); second declension

φῐ́λτρον (canonical)
phĭ́ltron (romanization)
φῐ́λτρου (genitive)
τὸ φῐ́λτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ φῐ́λτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φῐ́λτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φῐ́λτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῐ́λτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῐ́λτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φῐ́λτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῐ́λτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φῐ́λτροις (dative plural)
τὸ φῐ́λτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φῐ́λτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φῐ́λτρᾰ (accusative plural)
φῐ́λτρον (singular vocative)
φῐ́λτρω (dual vocative)
φῐ́λτρᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: philtrum
→ English: philter, philtrum
French: feutre
→ Italian: filtro
Sicilian: firtru
→ French: philtre (learned)

From φῐλέω (phĭléō, “to love; to kiss”) + -τρον (-tron, instrument noun suffix).

af

(anatomy) sinking on the upper lip; philtrum


ἀστράγαλος

grc-noun

ἀστράγᾰλος • (astrágălos) m (genitive ἀστρᾰγάλου); second declension

ἀστράγᾰλος (canonical)
astrágălos (romanization)
ἀστρᾰγάλου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλος

Greek: αστράγαλος (astrágalos)

Translingual: Astragalus

Generally considered to be a derivation in "-λ-" of ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), but this cannot be correct. According to Beekes, it is probably a Pre-Greek word. Compare ὄστρακον (óstrakon).

(in the plural) dice, or a game played with them


βάλανος

grc-noun

βᾰ́λᾰνος • (bắlănos) f (genitive βᾰλᾰ́νου); second declension

βᾰ́λᾰνος (canonical)
bắlănos (romanization)
βᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́λᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́λᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́λᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λᾰνε (singular vocative)
βᾰλᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λᾰνοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: βάλανος (válanos), βαλανίδι (valanídi), βελανίδι (velanídi)

desctree

→ Latin: balanus, balana, balania (late)
Catalan: bàlan
French: balane
Italian: balano
Portuguese: bálano
Spanish: bálano
→ English: balanus
→ French: balanus (learned)
→ Translingual: Balanus

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷə́lanos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”); see there for cognates. Probably unrelated to Ancient Greek βᾰλᾰνεῖον (bălăneîon, “bath, bathroom”).

noncog

(medicine) suppository, pledget, pessary


βύρσα

grc-noun

βῠ́ρσᾰ • (bŭ́rsă) f (genitive βῠ́ρσης); first declension

βῠ́ρσᾰ (canonical)
bŭ́rsă (romanization)
βῠ́ρσης (genitive)
ἡ βῠ́ρσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βῠ́ρσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βῠ́ρσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βῠ́ρσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῠ́ρσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῠρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βῠ́ρσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῠ́ρσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βῠ́ρσαις (dative plural)
τὴν βῠ́ρσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βῠ́ρσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βῠ́ρσᾱς (accusative plural)
βῠ́ρσᾰ (singular vocative)
βῠ́ρσᾱ (dual vocative)
βῠ́ρσαι (plural vocative)

Latin: bursa (see there for further descendants)

A loanword of unknown, possibly Pre-Greek, origin. Perhaps cognate with Hittite 𒆳𒊭𒀸 (kur-ša-aš); see there for more.


ἔμετος

ἔμετος • (émetos) m (genitive ἐμέτου); second declension

émetos (romanization)
ἐμέτου (genitive)
ὁ ἔμετος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔμετοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμέτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔμετον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐμέτους (accusative plural)
ἔμετε (singular vocative)
ἐμέτω (dual vocative)
ἔμετοι (plural vocative)


κῦμα

κῦμᾰ • (kûmă) n (genitive κῡ́μᾰτος); third declension

κῦμᾰ (canonical)
kûmă (romanization)
κῡ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῡ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῡ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῡμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῡμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κῡ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῡμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῡ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κῡ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kū́măsĭ (dative plural)
toîs kū́măsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῡ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
κῡ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κύμα (kýma)

Mariupol Greek: ки́ма (kíma)

→ Latin: cȳma (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə, equivalent to κῠ́ω (kŭ́ō, “conceive”) + -μᾰ (-mă).


θέναρ

θένᾰρ • (thénăr) n (genitive θένᾰρος); third declension

θένᾰρ (canonical)
thénăr (romanization)
θένᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ θένᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ θένᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θένᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θένᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θενᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θενᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θένᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θενᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θένᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
θένᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thénărsĭ (dative plural)
toîs thénărsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ θένᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ θένᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θένᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
θένᾰρ (singular vocative)
θένᾰρε (dual vocative)
θένᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: thenar (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“flat of the hand, palm”). Compare Sanskrit धन्वन् (dhanvan) and Old High German tenar.


θηριακή

grc-noun

θηρῐᾰκή • (thērĭăkḗ) f (genitive θηρῐᾰκῆς); first declension

θηρῐᾰκή (canonical)
thērĭăkḗ (romanization)
θηρῐᾰκῆς (genitive)
ἡ θηρῐᾰκή (nominative singular)
τὼ θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ θηρῐᾰκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς θηρῐᾰκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηρῐᾰκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηρῐᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θηρῐᾰκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηρῐᾰκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς θηρῐᾰκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν θηρῐᾰκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
θηρῐᾰκή (singular vocative)
θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
θηρῐᾰκαί (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī)

ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ

Classical Syriac: ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē)

→ Old English: tiriaca

desctree

→ Latin: thēriaca, thēriacē, thȳriaca, thīriaca, tȳriaca, tīriaca, tēriaca
→ English: theriaca
Old French: triacle f or m
Middle French: triacle f or m
French: triacle f or m
→ Middle Dutch: triakel
→ Middle English: triacle, triacul, triakle, triakel, triakele, triakil, treacle, treacul, treakil, treakille
English: treacle
→ Welsh: triagl
→ Middle High German: triakel f or m, driakel, triaker, driaker
German: Triakel m or f, Driakel m or f, Driaker m, Triaker m, Dreiocker m etc.
→ Czech: dryák
→ Middle French: thériaque
French: thériaque
→ English: theriac
→ Old Norse: tréhakl
Sicilian: triaca

desc

→ Persian: تریاک (taryâk, teryâk, “opium”)

→ Old Armenian: թիւրակէ (tʻiwrakē)

From θηρῐᾰκός (thērĭăkós, “of little beasts”), here particularly associated with poisonous reptiles.


θηρίον

grc-noun

θηρῐ́ον • (thērĭ́on) n (genitive θηρῐ́ου); second declension

θηρῐ́ον (canonical)
thērĭ́on (romanization)
θηρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ θηρῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ θηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θηρῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ θηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ θηρῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ θηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θηρῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
θηρῐ́ον (singular vocative)
θηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
θηρῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: θηρίο (thirío)

→ Coptic: ⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (thērion)

→ English: therio-

→ Scientific Latin: -thērium

→ English: -there

→ French: -thère

From θήρ (thḗr, “animal, beast”) + -ῐον (-ĭon, diminutive suffix).


οὖρον

grc-noun

οὖρον • (oûron) n (genitive οὔρου); second declension

oûron (romanization)
οὔρου (genitive)
τὸ οὖρον (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὔρων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔροις (dative plural)
τὸ οὖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖρον (singular vocative)
οὔρω (dual vocative)
οὖρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ούρο (oúro), ούρα (oúra)

From οὐρέω (ouréō, “to urinate”). Not related to Latin ūrīna.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.111


ὄψ

ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension

óps (romanization)
ὀπός (genitive)
ἡ ὄψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄπε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄπες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀψῐ́ (dative plural)
ὀψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs opsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν ὄπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄπε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄπᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄψ (singular vocative)
ὄπε (dual vocative)
ὄπες (plural vocative)

⇒ taxonomic name: Lithops, Zosterops

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”). See also ὤψ (ṓps).

490 BCE – 430 BCE, Empedocles, Collected Works 371


πυγμή

πυγμή • (pugmḗ) f (genitive πυγμῆς); first declension

pugmḗ (romanization)
πυγμῆς (genitive)
ἡ πυγμή (nominative singular)
τὼ πυγμᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πυγμαί (nominative plural)
τῆς πυγμῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πυγμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πυγμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πυγμῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν πυγμαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πυγμαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πυγμήν (accusative singular)
τὼ πυγμᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πυγμᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πυγμή (singular vocative)
πυγμᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πυγμαί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to punch”). Cognates include Latin pugnus, Lithuanian pušìs, and Old English fyst (English fist). Compare πύξ (púx) and πεύκη (peúkē).

ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2. 147, 158

a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles (= 18 δάκτυλοι (dáktuloi), about 34 centimetres or 13+¹⁄₂ inches)


πῆχυς

πῆχῠς • (pêkhŭs) m (genitive πήχεως); third declension

πῆχῠς (canonical)
pêkhŭs (romanization)
πήχεως (genitive)
ὁ πῆχῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ πήχει (dual nominative)
οἱ πήχεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ πήχεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πήχεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πήχει (dative singular)
τοῖν πηχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πήχεσῐ (dative plural)
πήχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pḗkhesĭ (dative plural)
toîs pḗkhesĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πῆχῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ πήχει (accusative dual)
τοὺς πήχεις (accusative plural)
πῆχῠ (singular vocative)
πήχει (dual vocative)
πήχεις (plural vocative)
πῆχῠς (nominative singular)
πήχεε (dual nominative)
πήχεες (nominative plural)
πήχεος (genitive singular)
πηχέοιῐν (dual genitive)
πήχεων (genitive plural)
πήχει (dative singular)
πηχέοιῐν (dative dual)
πηχέεσσῐ (dative plural)
πηχέεσσῐν (dative plural)
πηχέεσῐ (dative plural)
πηχέεσῐν (dative plural)
πήχεσῐ (dative plural)
πήχεσῐν (dative plural)
pēkhéessĭ (dative plural)
pēkhéessĭn (dative plural)
pēkhéesĭ (dative plural)
pēkhéesĭn (dative plural)
pḗkhesĭ (dative plural)
pḗkhesĭn (dative plural)
πῆχῠν (accusative singular)
πήχεε (accusative dual)
πήχεᾰς (accusative plural)
πῆχῠ (singular vocative)
πήχεε (dual vocative)
πήχεες (plural vocative)

Greek: πήχης (píchis)

→⇒ Italian: pechiagra

From Proto-Hellenic *pā́kʰus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús. Cognates include Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu, “arm”), Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (b-a-z-u /bāzu/) (Persian بازو (bâzu)), and Old English bōg (English bough).

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 751C

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.419

the centrepiece, which joined the two horns of an ancient bow

ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.158

(as a measure of length) cubit, the distance from the point of the elbow to that of the little finger

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 799

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A Professor of Public Speaking 6

170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Collected Works 769

(in the plural) the cubits, small children one cubit in height represented in pictures as playing round the Nile


ῥυτίς

ῥῠτῐ́ς • (rhŭtĭ́s) f (genitive ῥῠτῐ́δος); third declension

ῥῠτῐ́ς (canonical)
rhŭtĭ́s (romanization)
ῥῠτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥῠτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῠτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥῠτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥῠτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥῠτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥῠτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥῠτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhŭtĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs rhŭtĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῥῠτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῠτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥῠτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥῠτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥῠτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥῠτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: rhytid

Greek: ρυτίδα (rytída)

Uncertain, but undoubtedly related to ῥυσός (rhusós, “shrivelled”).

388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 1051

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 190 E, 191 A


κλειτορίς

κλειτορῐ́δος

κλειτορῐ́ς • (kleitorĭ́s) f (genitive κλειτορῐ́δος); third declension

κλειτορῐ́ς (canonical)
kleitorĭ́s (romanization)
κλειτορῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κλειτορῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλειτορῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλειτορῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κλειτορῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλειτορῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλειτορῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κλειτορῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλειτορῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλειτορῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κλειτορῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs kleitorĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs kleitorĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κλειτορῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλειτορῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλειτορῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κλειτορῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κλειτορῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κλειτορῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κλειτορῐ́δος

→ English: clitoris

→ French: clitoris

Greek: κλειτορίδα (kleitorída)

From κλείω (kleíō, “I shut in, I inclose”).


κήλη

grc-noun

κήλη • (kḗlē) f (genitive κήλης); first declension

kḗlē (romanization)
κήλης (genitive)
ἡ κήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κήλᾱς (accusative plural)
κήλη (singular vocative)
κήλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: -cele

Greek: κήλη (kíli)

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂u-l-eh₂ (“tumour”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kyla (“rupture”) and Proto-Germanic *haulaz (“hernia”). However the Attic form is still unexplained.


ἐμπύημα

ἐμπύημᾰ • (empúēmă) n (genitive ἐμπυήμᾰτος); third declension

ἐμπύημᾰ (canonical)
empúēmă (romanization)
ἐμπυήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐμπύημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμπυήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐμπυήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμπυήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμπυημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμπυημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμπυήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμπυημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμπυήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐμπυήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs empuḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs empuḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἐμπύημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμπυήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐμπυήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐμπύημᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐμπυήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐμπυήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: empyema

From ἐμπυέω (empuéō, “to suppurate”) + -μα (-ma, nominal suffix).

af

(medicine) Gathering or abscess, especially internal, of the kidneys or the chest.


κιρσός

grc-noun

κῐρσός • (kĭrsós) m (genitive κῐρσοῦ); second declension

κῐρσός (canonical)
kĭrsós (romanization)
κῐρσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κῐρσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐρσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐρσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐρσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐρσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κῐρσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐρσούς (accusative plural)
κῐρσέ (singular vocative)
κῐρσώ (dual vocative)
κῐρσοί (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the variation "σ/ξ" shows that the word is from Pre-Greek.

(pathology) varicocele, enlargement of a vein


κνήμη

κνήμη • (knḗmē) f (genitive κνήμης); first declension

knḗmē (romanization)
κνήμης (genitive)
ἡ κνήμη (nominative singular)
τὼ κνήμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κνῆμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κνήμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνήμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνημῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κνήμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνήμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κνήμαις (dative plural)
τὴν κνήμην (accusative singular)
τὼ κνήμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κνήμᾱς (accusative plural)
κνήμη (singular vocative)
κνήμᾱ (dual vocative)
κνῆμαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”); cognate with English ham (from Proto-Germanic *hammō) and Old Irish cnáim (“bone”).


τραῦμα

τραῦμᾰ • (traûmă) n (genitive τραύμᾰτος); third declension

τραῦμᾰ (canonical)
traûmă (romanization)
τραύμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τραῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τραύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τραύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τραύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τραυμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τραυμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τραύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τραυμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τραύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τραύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs traúmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs traúmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ τραῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τραύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τραύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τραῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
τραύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
τραύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: trauma

French: trauma

German: Trauma

Greek: τραύμα (trávma)

Italian: trauma

Spanish: trauma

τιτρώσκω (titrṓskō, “to wound”) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix forming neuter nouns)


φλύκταινα

grc-noun

φλῠ́κταινᾰ • (phlŭ́ktaină) f (genitive φλῠκταίνης); first declension

φλῠ́κταινᾰ (canonical)
phlŭ́ktaină (romanization)
φλῠκταίνης (genitive)
ἡ φλῠ́κταινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλῠκταίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φλῠ́κταιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φλῠκταίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλῠκταίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλῠκταινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλῠκταίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλῠκταίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλῠκταίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φλῠ́κταινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φλῠκταίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλῠκταίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φλῠ́κταινᾰ (singular vocative)
φλῠκταίνᾱ (dual vocative)
φλῠ́κταιναι (plural vocative)

→ English: phlyctena

→ French: phlyctène

→ Romanian: flictenă

→ Portuguese: flictena

→ Latin: phlyctaena

According to Beekes, from the Pre-Greek root *φλυκτ (*phlukt) + -αινα (-aina). See also φλυκτίς (phluktís, “boil”).


δραστικός

δρᾱστῐκός (canonical)
drāstĭkós (romanization)
δρᾱστῐκή (feminine)
δρᾱστῐκόν (neuter)
δρᾱστῐκός (masculine nominative singular)
δρᾱστῐκή (feminine nominative singular)
δρᾱστῐκόν (neuter nominative singular)
δρᾱστῐκώ (dual masculine nominative)
δρᾱστῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
δρᾱστῐκώ (dual neuter nominative)
δρᾱστῐκοί (masculine nominative plural)
δρᾱστῐκαί (feminine nominative plural)
δρᾱστῐκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
δρᾱστῐκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
δρᾱστῐκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
δρᾱστῐκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
δρᾱστῐκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
δρᾱστῐκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
δρᾱστῐκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
δρᾱστῐκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
δρᾱστῐκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
δρᾱστῐκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
δρᾱστῐκῷ (dative masculine singular)
δρᾱστῐκῇ (dative feminine singular)
δρᾱστῐκῷ (dative neuter singular)
δρᾱστῐκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
δρᾱστῐκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
δρᾱστῐκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
δρᾱστῐκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
δρᾱστῐκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
δρᾱστῐκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
δρᾱστῐκόν (accusative masculine singular)
δρᾱστῐκήν (accusative feminine singular)
δρᾱστῐκόν (accusative neuter singular)
δρᾱστῐκώ (accusative dual masculine)
δρᾱστῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
δρᾱστῐκώ (accusative dual neuter)
δρᾱστῐκούς (accusative masculine plural)
δρᾱστῐκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
δρᾱστῐκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
δρᾱστῐκέ (masculine singular vocative)
δρᾱστῐκή (feminine singular vocative)
δρᾱστῐκόν (neuter singular vocative)
δρᾱστῐκώ (dual masculine vocative)
δρᾱστῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
δρᾱστῐκώ (dual neuter vocative)
δρᾱστῐκοί (masculine plural vocative)
δρᾱστῐκαί (feminine plural vocative)
δρᾱστῐκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
δρᾱστῐκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
δρᾱστῐκώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
δρᾱστῐκώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From δρᾶσῐς (drâsĭs, “strength, efficacy”), from δράω (dráō, “I do”), + -τικός (-tikós).


καθαρτικός

κᾰθᾰρτῐκός (canonical)
kăthărtĭkós (romanization)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκή (feminine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκόν (neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκός (masculine nominative singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκή (feminine nominative singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκόν (neuter nominative singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (dual masculine nominative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (dual neuter nominative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοί (masculine nominative plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκαί (feminine nominative plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῷ (dative masculine singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῇ (dative feminine singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῷ (dative neuter singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκόν (accusative masculine singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκήν (accusative feminine singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκόν (accusative neuter singular)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (accusative dual masculine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (accusative dual neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκούς (accusative masculine plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκέ (masculine singular vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκή (feminine singular vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκόν (neuter singular vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (dual masculine vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώ (dual neuter vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκοί (masculine plural vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκαί (feminine plural vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
κᾰθᾰρτῐκώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: καθαρτικός (kathartikós)

desctree

→ New Latin: catharticus (learned)
→ English: cathartic (learned)
→ French: cathartique (learned)
→ Romanian: cathartic
→ German: kathartisch (learned)
→ Hungarian: katartikus
→ Italian: catartico (learned)
→ Portuguese: catártico (learned)
→ Spanish: catártico (learned)

From κᾰθαίρω (kăthaírō, “to cleanse, to purify”) + -τῐκός (-tĭkós).

af

(medicine) promoting catharsis, purgative


ταλαίπωρος

τᾰλαίπωρος (canonical)
tălaípōros (romanization)
τᾰλαίπωρον (neuter)
τᾰλαίπωρος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τᾰλαίπωρον (neuter nominative singular)
τᾰλαιπώρω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τᾰλαιπώρω (dual neuter nominative)
τᾰλαίπωροι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τᾰλαίπωρᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
τᾰλαιπώρου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τᾰλαιπώρου (genitive neuter singular)
τᾰλαιπώροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τᾰλαιπώροιν (dual genitive neuter)
τᾰλαιπώρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τᾰλαιπώρων (genitive neuter plural)
τᾰλαιπώρῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
τᾰλαιπώρῳ (dative neuter singular)
τᾰλαιπώροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τᾰλαιπώροιν (dative dual neuter)
τᾰλαιπώροις (dative feminine masculine plural)
τᾰλαιπώροις (dative neuter plural)
τᾰλαίπωρον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τᾰλαίπωρον (accusative neuter singular)
τᾰλαιπώρω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τᾰλαιπώρω (accusative dual neuter)
τᾰλαιπώρους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τᾰλαίπωρᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
τᾰλαίπωρε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τᾰλαίπωρον (neuter singular vocative)
τᾰλαιπώρω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τᾰλαιπώρω (dual neuter vocative)
τᾰλαίπωροι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τᾰλαίπωρᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
τᾰλαιπώρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τᾰλαιπωρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τᾰλαιπωρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

τάλας (tálas, “suffering”) + πορεύω (poreúō, “to go”)


ἀορτή

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ορτή • (ăortḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ορτῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓ορτή (canonical)
ăortḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓ορτῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ορτή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ορτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ορταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ορτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ορταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ορτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ορτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ορταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ορταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ορτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ορτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ορτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ορτή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ορτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ορταί (plural vocative)

→ English: aorta

→ French: aorte

→ German: Aorta

Greek: αορτή (aortí)

→ Latin: āverta

→ Russian: ао́рта (aórta)

→ Spanish: aorta

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wortéh₂, from *h₂wer- (whence ἀείρω (aeírō, “to raise, lift, hang”)).

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, de locis 415

(in the plural) the lower extremities of the windpipe

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 1.17.14

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 3.3.7

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 3.5.1

(in the singular) aorta, the artery which proceeds from the left ventricle

ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.205

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Woman-Hater 11

342 BCE – 291 BCE, Diphilus, The Claimant 1

316 BCE – 250 BCE, Posidippus Comicus, Harmost 1

a knapsack that hangs from the shoulders


κράσπεδον

κρᾰ́σπεδον • (krắspedon) n (genitive κρᾰσπέδου); second declension

κρᾰ́σπεδον (canonical)
krắspedon (romanization)
κρᾰσπέδου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰσπέδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰσπέδων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰσπέδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰσπέδοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́σπεδον (singular vocative)
κρᾰσπέδω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: craspedophyte

Greek: κράσπεδο (kráspedo)

Unknown. Traditionally analyzed as an old compound of κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) (in the form κράσ-), with a faded second member πέδον (pédon, “plain, ground”), for which Sanskrit द्रुपद (drupada, “wooden pillar, post”) is compared. The first member would point to an original meaning "upper border", according to Risch. However, Nussbaum is very sceptical; there is no indication whatsoever that it would contain the word for "head".

cog

(pathology) fimbria, affection of the uvula


αἰγίς

grc-noun

αἰγῐ́ς • (aigĭ́s) f (genitive αἰγῐ́δος); third declension

αἰγῐ́ς (canonical)
aigĭ́s (romanization)
αἰγῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ αἰγῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ αἰγῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰγῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰγῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰγῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
αἰγῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs aigĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs aigĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν αἰγῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
αἰγῐ́ς (singular vocative)
αἰγῐ́δε (dual vocative)
αἰγῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: αιγίδα f (aigída)

desctree

Latin: aegis
Catalan: ègida
English: aegis
French: égide
German: → Ägis, → Ägide
→ Ukrainian: егі́да (ehída)
Italian: egida
→ Polish: egida
Portuguese: égide
Romanian: egidă
Russian: эги́да (egída)
Sicilian: èggida
Spanish: égida

Either from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”) or from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”), as in a goat-skin shield. Has also been connected to ἀΐσσω (aḯssō, “to move violently”) and Sanskrit एजति (éjati, “to tremble, shake”).

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.738

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 404

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.189

(Greek mythology) the aegis; a shield of Zeus or cloak of Athena

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 360

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 592

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.9.3

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, The Coan Praenotions 214


ἀντικνήμιον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον

ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον • (ăntĭknḗmĭon) n (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου); second declension

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (canonical)
ăntĭknḗmĭon (romanization)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον

Greek: αντικνήμιο (antiknímio)

From ἀντί (antí) + κνήμη (knḗmē) + -ιον (-ion).

af

Aristotle, Historia Animalum 494a.6


βρέγμα

grc-noun

βρέγμᾱ • (brégmā) n (genitive βρέγμης); first declension

βρέγμᾱ (canonical)
brégmā (romanization)
βρέγμης (genitive)
ἡ βρέγμᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρέγμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βρέγμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βρέγμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρέγμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρεγμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βρέγμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρέγμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βρέγμαις (dative plural)
τὴν βρέγμην (accusative singular)
τὼ βρέγμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βρέγμᾱς (accusative plural)
βρέγμᾱ (singular vocative)
βρέγμᾱ (dual vocative)
βρέγμαι (plural vocative)

→ English: bregma

Originally βρέχμα (brékhma), βρεχμός (brekhmós); the ⟨γ⟩ has resulted from voicing assimilation. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mregʰ- (“brain, skull”) and cognate with English brain.

inh

Aristotle, Historia Animalum 495a.10.

the bone directly above the brain, (anatomy) bregma; brainpan


ἰσχίον

grc-noun

ῐ̓σχῐ́ον • (ĭskhĭ́on) n (genitive ῐ̓σχῐ́ου); second declension

ῐ̓σχῐ́ον (canonical)
ĭskhĭ́on (romanization)
ῐ̓σχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓σχῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓σχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓σχῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓σχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓σχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓σχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓σχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓σχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓σχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓σχῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓σχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓σχῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓σχῐ́ον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓σχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓σχῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: ischion, ischium

English: ischium, ischiatic, sciatic

No etymology. Furnée connects the word with ἰξύς (ixús, “loins”) assuming a common Pre-Greek origin.

unk

No etymology

τῷ βάλεν Αἰνείαο κατ’ ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς
ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται, κοτύλην δέ τέ μιν καλέουσιν
tôi bálen Aineíao kat’ iskhíon, éntha te mēròs

1924 translation by Murray
[he smote Aeneas] on the hip, where the thigh turns in the hip joint,—the cup, men call it

iskhíōi enstréphetai, kotúlēn dé té min kaléousin


οὐρήθρα

grc-noun

οὐρήθρα • (ourḗthra) f (genitive οὐρήθρας); first declension

ourḗthra (romanization)
οὐρήθρας (genitive)
ἡ οὐρήθρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρήθρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οὐρῆθραι (nominative plural)
τῆς οὐρήθρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐρήθραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρηθρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οὐρήθρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐρήθραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οὐρήθραις (dative plural)
τὴν οὐρήθρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρήθρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οὐρήθρᾱς (accusative plural)
οὐρήθρᾱ (singular vocative)
οὐρήθρᾱ (dual vocative)
οὐρῆθραι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ουρήθρα (ouríthra)

→ Latin: ūrēthra

→ English: urethra

From οὐρέω (ouréō, “I make water”) + -ήθρα (-ḗthra), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”).


σκέλος

grc-noun

σκέλος • (skélos) n (genitive σκέλεος); third declension

skélos (romanization)
σκέλεος (genitive)
τὸ σκέλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκέλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκέλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκέλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκελοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκελῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν σκελοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκέλεσῐ (dative plural)
σκέλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skélesĭ (dative plural)
toîs skélesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σκέλος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκέλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκέλη (accusative plural)
σκέλος (singular vocative)
σκέλει (dual vocative)
σκέλη (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *skélos (“curve, bending”), from *(s)kel- (“to curve, bend”).
Possibly related are σκελίς (skelís), σχελίς (skhelís, “rib(s) (of beef)”), but these may instead be from *(s)kelH- (“to cut, carve, split”) (cf. σκάλλω (skállō), σκύλλω (skúllō)), or Pre-Greek.

inh

τετρασκέλιον

τετρασκελής (tetraskelḗs)


αἰδοῖον

grc-noun

αἰδοῖον • (aidoîon) n (genitive αἰδοίου); second declension

aidoîon (romanization)
αἰδοίου (genitive)
τὸ αἰδοῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰδοίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἰδοῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰδοίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰδοίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰδοίων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰδοίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰδοίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰδοίοις (dative plural)
τὸ αἰδοῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰδοίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἰδοῖᾰ (accusative plural)
αἰδοῖον (singular vocative)
αἰδοίω (dual vocative)
αἰδοῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αιδοίο (aidoío)

Substantivization of the neuter of αἰδοῖος (aidoîos, “modest, bashful”).

(frequently in the plural) the genitals, pudenda, vulva, penis


αἱμοφόβος

haimophóbos (romanization)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter)
αἱμοφόβος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter nominative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβου (genitive neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual genitive neuter)
αἱμοφόβων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβων (genitive neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter vocative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Latin: haemophobus

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + φοβέω (phobéō, “to fear”) + -ος (-os).

af

(Koine) blood-fearing, afraid of bleeding


πληθώρη

grc-noun

πληθώρη • (plēthṓrē) f (genitive πληθώρης); first declension

plēthṓrē (romanization)
πληθώρης (genitive)

/plɛː.tʰɔ̌ː.rɛː/

/plɛː.tʰɔ̌ː.rɛː/

af

πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix)

(medicine) generation of blood or humors by the body


ἔγκλισις

grc-noun

ἔγκλῐσῐς • (énklĭsĭs) f (genitive ἐγκλῐ́σεως); third declension

ἔγκλῐσῐς (canonical)
énklĭsĭs (romanization)
ἐγκλῐ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ ἔγκλῐσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκλῐ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγκλῐ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγκλῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκλῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκλῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγκλῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκλῐσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγκλῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγκλῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs enklĭ́sesĭ (dative plural)
taîs enklĭ́sesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἔγκλῐσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκλῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγκλῐ́σεις (accusative plural)
ἔγκλῐσῐ (singular vocative)
ἐγκλῐ́σει (dual vocative)
ἐγκλῐ́σεις (plural vocative)

Greek: έγκλιση (égklisi)

→ Latin: enclisis (see there for further descendants)

From ἐγκλίνω (enklínō, “to incline”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).


ὑπάγω

grc-verb

ῠ̔πᾰ́γω • (hŭpắgō)

ῠ̔πᾰ́γω (canonical)
hŭpắgō (romanization)
ὑπᾰ́γω (active first-person indicative singular)
ὑπᾰ́γεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰ́γει (active indicative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ὑπᾰ́γετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ὑπᾰ́γοις (active optative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰ́γοι (active optative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ὑπᾰγοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ὑπᾰ́γοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ὕπᾰγε (active imperative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ὑπᾰγέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ὑπᾰ́γῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ὑπᾰ́γει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ὑπᾰ́γεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ὑπᾰγόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰ́γωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ὑπᾰ́γοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ὑπᾰ́γοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ὑπᾰγοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ὑπᾰγοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ὑπᾰ́γοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ὑπᾰ́γοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ὑπᾰγέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γειν (active infinitive)
ὑπᾰ́γεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ὑπᾰ́γων (active masculine participle)
ὑπᾰγόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ὑπᾰ́γουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ὑπᾰγομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ὑπᾰ́γον (active neuter participle)
ὑπᾰγόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ὑπάξω (active first-person indicative singular)
ὑπάξεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ὑπάξει (active indicative singular third-person)
ὑπάξετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ὑπάξετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ὑπάξομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ὑπάξετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ὑπάξουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ὑπάξουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ὑπάξοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ὑπάξοις (active optative second-person singular)
ὑπάξοι (active optative singular third-person)
ὑπάξοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ὑπαξοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ὑπάξοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ὑπάξοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ὑπάξοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ὑπάξομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
ὑπάξῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
ὑπάξει (indicative middle second-person singular)
ὑπάξεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
ὑπάξεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ὑπάξεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
ὑπαξόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ὑπάξεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ὑπάξονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
ὑπαξοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ὑπάξοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ὑπάξοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ὑπάξοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ὑπαξοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ὑπαξοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ὑπάξοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ὑπάξοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
ὑπάξειν (active infinitive)
ὑπάξεσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ὑπάξων (active masculine participle)
ὑπαξόμενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ὑπάξουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ὑπαξομένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ὑπᾶξον (active neuter participle)
ὑπαξόμενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ὑπήγᾰγον (active first-person indicative singular)
ὑπήγᾰγες (active indicative second-person singular)
ὑπήγᾰγε (active indicative singular third-person)
ὑπήγᾰγεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ὑπηγᾰ́γετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ὑπηγᾰγέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ὑπηγᾰ́γομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ὑπηγᾰ́γετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ὑπήγᾰγον (active indicative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοις (active optative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοι (active optative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰ́γᾰγε (active imperative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ὑπηγᾰγόμην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ὑπηγᾰ́γου (indicative middle second-person singular)
ὑπηγᾰ́γετο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ὑπηγᾰ́γεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ὑπηγᾰγέσθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ὑπηγᾰγόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ὑπηγᾰ́γεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ὑπηγᾰ́γοντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοῦ (imperative middle second-person singular)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέσθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γεσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέσθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰ́γεσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέσθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγεῖν (active infinitive)
ὑπᾰγᾰγέσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγών (active masculine participle)
ὑπᾰγᾰγόμενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγοῦσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ὑπᾰγᾰγομένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ὑπᾰγᾰγόν (active neuter participle)
ὑπᾰγᾰγόμενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πάγω (págō), ὑπαγαίνω (hupagaínō)

Greek: πάω (páo), πηγαίνω (pigaíno)

From ὑπο- (hupo-, “beneath”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”).

affix

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 396.27

(intransitive)
(medicine, of the bowels) to be open