σανδάλιον

grc-noun

σανδάλιον • (sandálion) n (genitive σανδαλίου); second declension

sandálion (romanization)
σανδαλίου (genitive)
τὸ σανδάλιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σανδαλίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σανδάλιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σανδαλίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σανδαλίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σανδαλίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σανδαλίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σανδαλίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σανδαλίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σανδάλιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σανδαλίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σανδάλιᾰ (accusative plural)
σανδάλιον (singular vocative)
σανδαλίω (dual vocative)
σανδάλιᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: صَنْدَل (ṣandal)

→ Latin: sandalium

σάνδαλον (sándalon) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive), of uncertain origin, possibly loaned from Parthian, Persian, or another substrate of Asia Minor.

af

(Byzantine) a kind of vessel in the Byzantine fleet, sandal


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trágos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trágos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trágō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appears

voice change that takes place in puberty

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual


κάραβος

grc-noun

κᾱ́ρᾰβος • (kā́rabos) m (genitive κᾱρᾰ́βου); second declension

κᾱ́ρᾰβος (canonical)
kā́rabos (romanization)
κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ κᾱ́ρᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾱρᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾱρᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾱρᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾱ́ρᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾱρᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
κᾱ́ρᾰβε (singular vocative)
κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: կարապոս (karapos)

Origin unclear; the irregular suffix and phonetics suggest a Pre-Greek, Ancient Macedonian, or Semitic loan. Also see Latin scarabaeus, carabus, Armenian քարբ (kʻarb); Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab) and قَارِب (qārib), likely from the same substrate source.

a kind of beetle, probably a longhorn beetle


κριός

κρῑός • (krīós) m (genitive κρῑοῦ); second declension

κρῑός (canonical)
krīós (romanization)
κρῑοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρῑός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρῑοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῑοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῑῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῑοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρῑόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρῑούς (accusative plural)
κρῑέ (singular vocative)
κρῑώ (dual vocative)
κρῑοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Traditionally connected with κέρας (kéras, “horn”). The chickpea meaning possibly relates to Latin cicer (“chickpea”), Old Armenian սիսեռն (siseṙn, “chickpea”). Beekes argues for an original meaning of “curved”, comparing Lithuanian kreivas, Old East Slavic кривъ (krivŭ).


ὄχος

grc-noun

ὄχος • (ókhos) m (genitive ὄχου); second declension

ókhos (romanization)
ὄχου (genitive)
ὁ ὄχος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄχω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄχων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄχοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄχον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄχους (accusative plural)
ὄχε (singular vocative)
ὄχω (dual vocative)
ὄχοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *wókʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *wóǵʰos, from *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀏 (wo-ka /wokʰa/, “vehicle”), Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha), Old Church Slavonic возъ (vozŭ). Also see ὀχέω (okhéō, “to carry”) and Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to carry, bear”).


ναῦς

grc-noun

ναῦς • (naûs) f (genitive νεώς); third declension

naûs (romanization)
νεώς (genitive)
ἡ ναῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ νῆε (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆες (nominative plural)
τῆς νεώς (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νηΐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ναυσί (dative plural)
ναυσίν (dative plural)
taîs nausí (dative plural)
taîs nausín (dative plural)
τὴν ναῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ νῆε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ναῦς (accusative plural)
ναῦ (singular vocative)
νῆε (dual vocative)
νῆες (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ ναῦς (nominative singular)
ταὶ νᾶες (nominative plural)
τᾶς νᾱός (genitive singular)
τᾶν νᾱῶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ νᾱΐ (dative singular)
ταῖς ναυσί (dative plural)
ναυσίν (dative plural)
νᾱ́εσσι (dative plural)
νᾱ́εσσιν (dative plural)
taîs nausí (dative plural)
taîs nausín (dative plural)
nā́essi (dative plural)
nā́essin (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ναῦν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς νᾶᾰς (accusative plural)
ναῦς (singular vocative)
νᾶες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ναυσί(ν), νᾱ́εσσι(ν)

Greek: ναυς (nafs)

From Proto-Hellenic *náus, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“boat”), cognate with Latin nāvis, Persian ناو (nâv), and Sanskrit नौ (nau, “ship”), नाव (nāva, “ship”). The earliest attested reference to the word is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀙𐀄𐀈𐀗 (na-u-do-mo, “shipbuilders”).


κέρκουρος

grc-noun

κέρκουρος • (kérkouros) m (genitive κερκούρου); second declension

kérkouros (romanization)
κερκούρου (genitive)
ὁ κέρκουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρκουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερκούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερκούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερκούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερκούροις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρκουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερκούρους (accusative plural)
κέρκουρε (singular vocative)
κερκούρω (dual vocative)
κέρκουροι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps from κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”). Could also be of Semitic origin, compare Classical Syriac ܩܪܩܘܪܐ (qarqūrāʾ, “boat”), reshaped under the influence of κέρκος (kérkos) and οὐρά (ourá, “tail”). Compare also Latin cercūrus, Old Armenian կուր (kur).


τριήρης

τρῐήρης (canonical)
triḗrēs (romanization)
τρῐῆρες (neuter)
τρῐήρης (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τρῐῆρες (neuter nominative singular)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρη (neuter nominative plural)
τρῐήρους (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρους (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐήροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τρῐήροιν (dual genitive neuter)
τρῐήρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τρῐήρων (genitive neuter plural)
τρῐήρει (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρει (dative neuter singular)
τρῐήροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήροιν (dative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresi (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresin (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative neuter plural)
triḗresi (dative neuter plural)
triḗresin (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρη (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐῆρες (accusative neuter singular)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεις (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρη (accusative neuter plural)
τρῐῆρες (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τρῐῆρες (neuter singular vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρη (neuter plural vocative)
τρῐήρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
τρῐήρης (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τρῐῆρες (neuter nominative singular)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρεε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεε (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρεες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
τρῐήρεος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρευς (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρεος (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐήρευς (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐηρέοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τρῐηρέοιν (dual genitive neuter)
τρῐηρέων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τρῐηρέων (genitive neuter plural)
τρῐήρει (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρεῐ̈ (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρει (dative neuter singular)
τρῐήρεῐ̈ (dative neuter singular)
τρῐηρέοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐηρέοιν (dative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresi (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresin (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative neuter plural)
triḗresi (dative neuter plural)
triḗresin (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐῆρες (accusative neuter singular)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρεε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεε (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
τρῐῆρες (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τρῐῆρες (neuter singular vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρεε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεε (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρεες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρεᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
τρῐηρέως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

τρῐ- (tri-, “three”) + ἐρέτης (erétēs, “rower”)


σχεδία

grc-noun

σχεδῐ́ᾱ • (skhedíā) f (genitive σχεδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

σχεδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
skhedíā (romanization)
σχεδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σχεδῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σχεδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχεδῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχεδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σχεδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχεδῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχεδῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σχεδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σχεδῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχεδῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σχεδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σχεδῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σχεδῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Traditionally believed to be a substantivazion of the adjective σχέδιος (skhédios, “near, close”). Alternatively, a collective abstract formation in -ία (-ía) from σχεδόν (skhedón, “near; approximatively, roughly”), with original meaning "unprepared formation, improvisation". However, the semantics are not convincing.


λέμβος

λέμβος • (lémbos) m (genitive λέμβου); second declension

lémbos (romanization)
λέμβου (genitive)
ὁ λέμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν λέμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέμβους (accusative plural)
λέμβε (singular vocative)
λέμβω (dual vocative)
λέμβοι (plural vocative)
ὁ λέμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν λέμβοισῐ (dative plural)
λέμβοισῐν (dative plural)
λέμβοις (dative plural)
toîsi lémboisi (dative plural)
toîsi lémboisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
lémbois (dative plural)
τὸν λέμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέμβους (accusative plural)
λέμβε (singular vocative)
λέμβω (dual vocative)
λέμβοι (plural vocative)
λέμβος (nominative singular)
λέμβω (dual nominative)
λέμβοι (nominative plural)
λέμβου (genitive singular)
λεμβοῖο (genitive singular)
λέμβοιο (genitive singular)
λεμβόο (genitive singular)
λέμβοο (genitive singular)
λέμβοιῐν (dual genitive)
λέμβων (genitive plural)
λέμβῳ (dative singular)
λέμβοιῐν (dative dual)
λέμβοισῐ (dative plural)
λέμβοισῐν (dative plural)
λέμβοις (dative plural)
lémboisi (dative plural)
lémboisin (dative plural)
lémbois (dative plural)
λέμβον (accusative singular)
λέμβω (accusative dual)
λέμβους (accusative plural)
λέμβε (singular vocative)
λέμβω (dual vocative)
λέμβοι (plural vocative)

From Akkadian 𒄑𒈣 (eleppum, “wood boat, wooden ship, skiff”).


ἅμαξα

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ • (hámaxa) f (genitive ᾰ̔μάξης); first declension

ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (canonical)
hámaxa (romanization)
ᾰ̔μάξης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̔́μαξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔μάξης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔μάξαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔μαξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔μάξῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔μάξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̔μάξαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́μαξᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔μάξᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔́μαξαι (plural vocative)

Greek: άμαξα (ámaxa)

Latin: hamaxa

Traditionally derived from a compound of ἅμα (háma, “at once”) + the ἄξ- (áx-) in ἄξων (áxōn, “axle”) + -ια (-ia, “nominal suffix”), literally "one-axler". Other theories include a relation to ἄγω (ágō, “to lead, guide”), as well as Tocharian B amäkṣpänte (“wagonmaster”).
Beekes rejects these theories (noting that a "one-axler" formation makes less sense than a "two-axler" formation) and considers the word Pre-Greek, based on a variant ἀβακλή (abaklḗ).


κοντούρα

head

κοντούρα • (kontoúra)

desctree

→ Venetan: góndoła
→ Italian: gondola
→ Ottoman Turkish: غوندول (gondol), غوندوله (gondola), قوندوله (kondola)
Turkish: gondol
→ Armenian: կօնտօլ (kōntōl)

Nominalized from the κόντουρος (kóntouros, epithet for a post-horse).


ἅρμα

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ • (hárma) n (genitive ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος); third declension

ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (canonical)
hárma (romanization)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̔́ρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hármasi (dative plural)
toîs hármasin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άρμα (árma)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܡܐ (ʔarmā)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmn̥, from *h₂er- (“to fit together, join”), the same source as ἁρμός (harmós, “join”) and ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “join, fit together”).

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 9, 54, in Ralph Marcus (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 6 (Jewish Antiquities, books IX–XI), LCL, pages 30-31. Translation by Marcus, comment in square brackets not his.
Πέμπει τοιγαροῦν Ἄδαδος ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν δύναμιν πολλὴν ἵππων καὶ ἁρμάτων, ὅπως τὸν Ἐλισσαῖον λάβωσιν.
Pémpei toigaroûn Ádados epì tḕn pólin dúnamin pollḕn híppōn kaì harmátōn, hópōs tòn Elissaîon lábōsin.

Accordingly, Adados [Ben-Hadad] sent to that city a great force with horses and chariots in order to take Elisha.


δίφρος

δίφρος • (díphros) m (genitive δίφρου); second declension

díphros (romanization)
δίφρου (genitive)
ὁ δῐ́φρος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐ́φρω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐ́φροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐ́φρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐ́φροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐ́φρων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐ́φρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐ́φροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐ́φροις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐ́φρον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐ́φρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐ́φρους (accusative plural)
δῐ́φρε (singular vocative)
δῐ́φρω (dual vocative)
δῐ́φροι (plural vocative)
δῐ́φρος (nominative singular)
δῐ́φρω (dual nominative)
δῐ́φροι (nominative plural)
δῐ́φρου (genitive singular)
δῐφροῖο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροιο (genitive singular)
δῐφρόο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροιῐν (dual genitive)
δῐ́φρων (genitive plural)
δῐ́φρῳ (dative singular)
δῐ́φροιῐν (dative dual)
δῐ́φροισῐ (dative plural)
δῐ́φροισῐν (dative plural)
δῐ́φροις (dative plural)
díphroisi (dative plural)
díphroisin (dative plural)
díphrois (dative plural)
δῐ́φρον (accusative singular)
δῐ́φρω (accusative dual)
δῐ́φρους (accusative plural)
δῐ́φρε (singular vocative)
δῐ́φρω (dual vocative)
δῐ́φροι (plural vocative)

Perhaps from δι- (di-, “two”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear”).

af

chariot-board, on which the warrior and the driver stood


ὄχεα

grc-noun

ὄχεα • (ókhea) n pl (genitive ὀχέων); ? declension

ókhea (romanization)
ὀχέων (genitive)
ὄχεᾰ (nominative plural)
ὀχέων (genitive plural)
ὄχεσφι (dative plural)
ὄχεσφιν (dative plural)
ókhesphi (dative plural)
ókhesphin (dative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Byform of ὄχος (ókhos), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”).


βᾶρις

grc-noun

βᾶρῐς • (bâris) f (genitive βᾱ́ρῐδος); third declension

βᾶρῐς (canonical)
bâris (romanization)
βᾱ́ρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βᾶρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾱ́ρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾱ́ρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾱ́ρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾱρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾱρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾱ́ρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾱρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾱ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
βᾱ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bā́risi (dative plural)
taîs bā́risin (dative plural)
τὴν βᾱ́ρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾱ́ρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾱ́ρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾶρῐς (singular vocative)
βᾱ́ρῐδε (dual vocative)
βᾱ́ρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ English: baris (learned)

→ Latin: bāris (see there for further descendants)

From Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship”), b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1

baris (a type of flat-bottomed freighter used on the Nile in Ancient Egypt)


κάρρον

κάρρον • (kárrhon) n (genitive κάρρου); second declension

kárrhon (romanization)
κάρρου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρρον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́ρρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ρροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́ρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́ρρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́ρροις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρρᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρρον (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρρᾰ (plural vocative)

> Greek: κάρο n (káro) (inherited)

Borrowed from Latin carrum, neuter of carrus (see the variant κάρρος m (kárrhos)), itself from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”). Also see the Italian carro.


κάνθαρος

κάνθᾰρος • (kántharos) m (genitive κανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

κάνθᾰρος (canonical)
kántharos (romanization)
κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κάνθᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κάνθᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κάνθᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κάνθᾰρε (singular vocative)
κανθᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κάνθᾰροι (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: σκάνθαρος (skántharos)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: *σκανθάριον (*skanthárion)

Greek: σκαθάρι (skathári)

desctree

→ Latin: cantharus, cantarus
Italian: cantero
→ Catalan: càntar
→ English: cantharus
→ French: canthare
→ Galician: cântaro
→ Italian: cantaro
→ Portuguese: cântaro
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р
Latin script: kȁntār
→ Spanish: cántaro
Translingual: Cantharus

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in close paraphrase):
"Not well explained. Connected with κάνθων (kánthōn, “ass, donkey”) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios, “ass, donkey”) by Strömberg, with the same suffix as in χίμαρος (khímaros) and κίσσαρος (kíssaros). Hardly probable. DELG points out that there are anthroponyms and toponyms like Κάνθαρος (Kántharos, “a port of Piraeus”) and concludes from this that the term may be of Pre-Greek origin, which is likely. As Akkadian 𒃶𒁺 (/kandu/, “jar for wine”), considered a loan from West Semitic, and Akkadian 𒃶𒁺𒊒𒌑 (/kanduru/, “kind of vessel”) exist, itself from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒉡𒌉 (/gannu-tur/, “small vessel; potstand”, literally “little vessel, container, holder”), it would be a loan in this meaning."

cog

dung beetle (Canthon pilularius syn. Scarabaeus pilularius)

woman's ornament, probably a gem in scarab form


πάκτων

grc-noun

πάκτων • (páktōn) m (genitive πάκτωνος); third declension

páktōn (romanization)
πάκτωνος (genitive)
ὁ πάκτων (nominative singular)
τὼ πάκτωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πάκτωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πάκτωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πακτώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πακτώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πάκτωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πακτώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πάκτωσῐ (dative plural)
πάκτωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs páktōsi (dative plural)
toîs páktōsin (dative plural)
τὸν πάκτωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πάκτωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πάκτωνᾰς (accusative plural)
πάκτων (singular vocative)
πάκτωνε (dual vocative)
πάκτωνες (plural vocative)

From πακτός (paktós), variant of πηκτός (pēktós, “compacted”).

light boat of wickerwork, used on the Nile


λαμπήνη

λᾰμπήνη • (lampḗnē) f (genitive λᾰμπήνης); first declension

λᾰμπήνη (canonical)
lampḗnē (romanization)
λᾰμπήνης (genitive)
ἡ λᾰμπήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰμπήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰμπῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰμπήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰμπήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰμπηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰμπήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰμπήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰμπήναις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰμπήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰμπήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰμπήνᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰμπήνη (singular vocative)
λᾰμπήνᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰμπῆναι (plural vocative)

Ending like ἀπήνη (apḗnē) and καπᾱ́να (kapā́na). According to Beekes, the word is evidently Pre-Greek, because of the prenasalization and the suffix -ήνη.


ἀπήνη

ἀπήνη • (apḗnē) f (genitive ἀπήνης); first declension

apḗnē (romanization)
ἀπήνης (genitive)
ἡ ἀπήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀπήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀπῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀπήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀπήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀπηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀπήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀπήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀπήναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀπήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀπήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀπήνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀπήνη (singular vocative)
ἀπήνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀπῆναι (plural vocative)

A Northwest Semitic loanword, attested as Ugaritic 𐎀𐎔𐎐 (ảpn, “wheel of a chariot”) and Hebrew אוֹפַן (ʾōp̄án, “wheel of a chariot”). The clipped variant has perhaps been connected vulgarly with πήνη (pḗnē, “spool”).


ἄκατος

grc-noun

ἄκᾰτος • (ákatos) f (genitive ἀκᾰ́του); second declension

ἄκᾰτος (canonical)
ákatos (romanization)
ἀκᾰ́του (genitive)
ἡ ἄκᾰτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄκᾰτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄκᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
ἄκᾰτε (singular vocative)
ἀκᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
ἄκᾰτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άκατος (ákatos)

→ Latin: acatus

→ Old Armenian: ակատ (akat)

Probably a technical loanword. Often connected with the root of ἀκή (akḗ, “point of an iron tool”), but without any obvious reason. Winter connected it with κητήνη (kētḗnē, “vessel big as a sea-monster”), which could perhaps belong with κῆτος (kêtos, “sea-monster”) instead.


κύδαρος

κῠ́δᾰρος • (kúdaros) m (genitive κῠδᾰ́ρου); second declension

κῠ́δᾰρος (canonical)
kúdaros (romanization)
κῠδᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́δᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠδᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́δᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠδᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠδᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠδᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠδᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠδᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠδᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́δᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠδᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠδᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κῠ́δᾰρε (singular vocative)
κῠδᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κῠ́δᾰροι (plural vocative)


τράμπις

τρᾰ́μπῐς • (trámpis) f (genitive τρᾰ́μπῐδος or τρᾰ́μπῐος); third declension

τρᾰ́μπῐς (canonical)
trámpis (romanization)
τρᾰ́μπῐδος (genitive)
τρᾰ́μπῐος (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰ́μπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́μπῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰ́μπῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰ́μπῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰμπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰμπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰ́μπῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰμπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰ́μπῐσῐ (dative plural)
τρᾰ́μπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs trámpisi (dative plural)
taîs trámpisin (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰ́μπῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́μπῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰ́μπῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́μπῐς (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́μπῐδε (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́μπῐδες (plural vocative)
ἡ τρᾰ́μπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́μπῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰ́μπῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰ́μπῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰμπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰμπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰ́μπῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰμπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰ́μπῐσῐ (dative plural)
τρᾰ́μπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs trámpisi (dative plural)
taîs trámpisin (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰ́μπῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́μπῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰ́μπῑς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́μπῐᾰς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́μπῐ (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́μπῐε (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́μπῐες (plural vocative)

Probably a loanword. Furnée thinks it is a variant of τράφηξ (tráphēx, “beam, pole”). In that case, this could be a Pre-Greek word.


γαῦλος

γαῦλος • (gaûlos) m (genitive γαύλου); second declension

gaûlos (romanization)
γαύλου (genitive)
ὁ γαῦλος (nominative singular)
τὼ γαύλω (dual nominative)
οἱ γαῦλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γαύλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαύλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαύλων (genitive plural)
τῷ γαύλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαύλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γαύλοις (dative plural)
τὸν γαῦλον (accusative singular)
τὼ γαύλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γαύλους (accusative plural)
γαῦλε (singular vocative)
γαύλω (dual vocative)
γαῦλοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: gaulus

Probably from Phoenician, etymologically identical to the nomen vasis γαυλός (gaulós).


πέραμα

πέρᾱμᾰ • (pérāma) n (genitive πέρᾱμᾰτος); third declension

πέρᾱμᾰ (canonical)
pérāma (romanization)
πέρᾱμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πέρᾱμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ περᾱ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ περᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ περᾱ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν περᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περᾱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ περᾱ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν περᾱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς περᾱ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
περᾱ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs perā́masi (dative plural)
toîs perā́masin (dative plural)
τὸ πέρᾱμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ περᾱ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ περᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πέρᾱμᾰ (singular vocative)
περᾱ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
περᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From περάω (peráō, “to cross, traverse”) + -μα (-ma).


σάγγαρον

grc-noun

σᾰ́γγᾰρον • (sángaron) n (genitive σᾰγγᾰ́ρου); second declension

σᾰ́γγᾰρον (canonical)
sángaron (romanization)
σᾰγγᾰ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́γγᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγγᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γγᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰγγᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγγᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγγᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰγγᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγγᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰγγᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́γγᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγγᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γγᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́γγᾰρον (singular vocative)
σᾰγγᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́γγᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)


ἄδρυα

ἄδρῠᾰ • (ádrua) n pl (genitive ἀδρῠ́ων); second declension

ἄδρῠᾰ (canonical)
ádrua (romanization)
ἀδρῠ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἄδρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἀδρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἀδρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἄδρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄδρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

The word seems to continue *ἄ-δρυα (*á-drua, “consisting of one single tree”), a compound from ἀ- (a-) + δρῦς (drûs, “tree”).

(in Cyprus) canoes made of hollowed tree trunks


πρίστις

πρῐ́στῐς • (prístis) f (genitive πρῐ́στεως); third declension

πρῐ́στῐς (canonical)
prístis (romanization)
πρῐ́στεως (genitive)
ἡ πρῐ́στῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πρῐ́στει (dual nominative)
αἱ πρῐ́στεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πρῐ́στεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρῐστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρῐ́στεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πρῐ́στει (dative singular)
τοῖν πρῐστέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρῐ́στεσῐ (dative plural)
πρῐ́στεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs prístesi (dative plural)
taîs prístesin (dative plural)
τὴν πρῐ́στῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρῐ́στει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρῐ́στεις (accusative plural)
πρῐ́στῐ (singular vocative)
πρῐ́στει (dual vocative)
πρῐ́στεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pristis

→ Translingual: Pristis

From πρίζω (prízō, “to saw”) + -τις (-tis, nominal suffix).

af

Common sawfish (Pristis pristis, syn. Pristis antiquorum).


ὄχημα

grc-noun

ὄχημᾰ • (ókhēma) n (genitive ὀχήμᾰτος); third declension

ὄχημᾰ (canonical)
ókhēma (romanization)
ὀχήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ὄχημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀχήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀχήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀχημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀχημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀχήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀχημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀχήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὀχήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs okhḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs okhḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄχημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀχήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄχημᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀχήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όχημα (óchima)

From ὀχέω (okhéō, “to hold; endure”) + -μα (-ma).


πεντηκόντορος

grc-noun

πεντηκοντόρου

πεντηκόντορος • (pentēkóntoros) f (genitive πεντηκοντόρου); second declension

pentēkóntoros (romanization)
πεντηκοντόρου (genitive)
ἡ πεντηκόντορος (nominative singular)
τὼ πεντηκοντόρω (dual nominative)
αἱ πεντηκόντοροι (nominative plural)
τῆς πεντηκοντόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεντηκοντόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεντηκοντόρων (genitive plural)
τῇ πεντηκοντόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεντηκοντόροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πεντηκοντόροις (dative plural)
τὴν πεντηκόντορον (accusative singular)
τὼ πεντηκοντόρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πεντηκοντόρους (accusative plural)
πεντηκόντορε (singular vocative)
πεντηκοντόρω (dual vocative)
πεντηκόντοροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πεντηκόντορος

→ English: penteconter

From πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta, “fifty”) + the root of ἐρετμόν (eretmón, “oar”).


σκιάδειον

grc-noun

σκῐᾰ́δειον • (skiádeion) n (genitive σκῐᾰδείου); second declension

σκῐᾰ́δειον (canonical)
skiádeion (romanization)
σκῐᾰδείου (genitive)
τὸ σκῐᾰ́δειον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐᾰδείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῐᾰδείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐᾰδείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐᾰδείων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῐᾰδείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐᾰδείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῐᾰδείοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκῐᾰ́δειον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐᾰδείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῐᾰ́δειον (singular vocative)
σκῐᾰδείω (dual vocative)
σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (plural vocative)


σατίνη

σᾰτῐ́νη • (satínē) f (genitive σᾰτῐ́νης); first declension

σᾰτῐ́νη (canonical)
satínē (romanization)
σᾰτῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰτῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰτῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰτῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰτῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰτῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰτῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰτῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰτῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰτῐ́νη (singular vocative)
σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰτῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

Clearly related to σάτιλλα (sátilla, “Big Dipper”). There is a certain similarity between σάτιλλα (sátilla) and Armenian սայլ (sayl, “cart, oxcart”). This should perhaps be explained as borrowing through, for example, Phrygian. Schmitt rather argues for a Thracian origin of σάτιλλα (sátilla), whereas remote resemblance of Armenian սայլ (sayl, “cart, oxcart”) with Georgian ეტლი (eṭli, “chariot”) is pointed out by Adontz. According to Beekes both words are from Pre-Greek, because they defy derivation from Indo-European.


κέλης

κέλης • (kélēs) m (genitive κέλητος); third declension

kélēs (romanization)
κέλητος (genitive)
ὁ κέλης (nominative singular)
τὼ κέλητε (dual nominative)
οἱ κέλητες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέλητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κελήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κελήτων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέλητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κελήτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέλησῐ (dative plural)
κέλησῐν (dative plural)
toîs kélēsi (dative plural)
toîs kélēsin (dative plural)
τὸν κέλητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κέλητε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κέλητᾰς (accusative plural)
κέλης (singular vocative)
κέλητε (dual vocative)
κέλητες (plural vocative)

Greek: κέλητας (kélitas)

→ Latin: celēs

Perhaps a derivation in -ητ- from κέλομαι (kélomai, “to incite”), or directly from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“fast, swift”).

der

fast-sailing yacht with one bank of oars


κότυμβον

grc-noun

κότῠμβον • (kótumbon) n (genitive κοτῠ́μβου); second declension

κότῠμβον (canonical)
kótumbon (romanization)
κοτῠ́μβου (genitive)
τὸ κότῠμβον (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῠ́μβω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κότῠμβᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοτῠ́μβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῠ́μβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῠ́μβων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοτῠ́μβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῠ́μβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοτῠ́μβοις (dative plural)
τὸ κότῠμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῠ́μβω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κότῠμβᾰ (accusative plural)
κότῠμβον (singular vocative)
κοτῠ́μβω (dual vocative)
κότῠμβᾰ (plural vocative)

kind of vessel mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


μάδαρα

μᾰ́δᾰρᾰ • (mádara) n pl (genitive μᾰδᾰ́ρων); second declension

μᾰ́δᾰρᾰ (canonical)
mádara (romanization)
μᾰδᾰ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́δᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μᾰδᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μᾰδᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́δᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰ́δᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

kind of boat mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


ἄθρας

head

ἄθρας • (áthras)

Unexplained. Formerly compared with Sanskrit वन्धुर (vandhura, “seat of a charioteer”), taken as a wicker basket tied upon the wagon and connected with Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind, wrap”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). As the formation of the Sanskrit word is unclear, and the root is hardly attested outside Germanic, the connection must be false. Connection with κάναθρον (kánathron, “wicker carriage”) is improbable.

unk

Unexplained

cog

Hesychius' gives the definition as: Rhodian word for ἅρμα (hárma, “chariot”).


καροῦχα

grc-noun

κᾰροῦχᾱ • (karoûkhā) f (genitive κᾰροῦχᾱς); first declension

κᾰροῦχᾱ (canonical)
karoûkhā (romanization)
κᾰροῦχᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρούχᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρούχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰροῦχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰρούχᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρούχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρουχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰρούχᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρούχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰρούχαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰρούχᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρούχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰρούχᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰρούχᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰρούχᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰροῦχαι (plural vocative)


κάρνον

κᾰ́ρνον • (kárnon) n (genitive κᾰ́ρνου); second declension

κᾰ́ρνον (canonical)
kárnon (romanization)
κᾰ́ρνου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́ρνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ρνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́ρνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́ρνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́ρνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́ρνοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ρνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρνᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρνον (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρνω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρνᾰ (plural vocative)

From Gaulish carnon (“horn”), from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. From the same root are κέρας (kéras, “horn”), κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) and κάρηνον (kárēnon, “head; mountain top”).

Gallic horn, a wind instrument used by Celts


λῃστρίς

λῃστρῐ́ς • (lēistrís) f (genitive λῃστρῐ́δος); third declension

λῃστρῐ́ς (canonical)
lēistrís (romanization)
λῃστρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λῃστρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λῃστρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λῃστρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λῃστρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῃστρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῃστρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῃστρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῃστρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῃστρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λῃστρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lēistrísi (dative plural)
taîs lēistrísin (dative plural)
τὴν λῃστρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λῃστρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῃστρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λῃστρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λῃστρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λῃστρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Feminine form of λῃστής (lēistḗs, “pirate, robber”), from ληΐς (lēḯs, “booty, spoil”) + -τρις (-tris, feminine agent-noun suffix).


ἀκάτιον

grc-noun

ἀκάτῐον • (akátion) n (genitive ἀκᾰτίου); second declension

ἀκάτῐον (canonical)
akátion (romanization)
ἀκᾰτίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀκᾰ́τῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀκᾰ́τῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκᾰτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκᾰτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκᾰτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκᾰτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀκᾰ́τῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀκᾰ́τῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀκᾰ́τῐον (singular vocative)
ἀκᾰτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀκᾰ́τῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ακάτιο (akátio) (learned)

Latin: acatium
Italian: acazio


καράβιον

κᾱρᾰ́βῐον • (kārábion) n (genitive κᾱρᾰβῐ́ον); second declension

κᾱρᾰ́βῐον (canonical)
kārábion (romanization)
κᾱρᾰβῐ́ον (genitive)
τὸ κᾱρᾰ́βῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰβῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾱρᾰ́βῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾱρᾰβῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰβῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾱρᾰβῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾱρᾰβῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰβῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾱρᾰβῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾱρᾰ́βῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰβῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾱρᾰ́βῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾱρᾰ́βῐον (singular vocative)
κᾱρᾰβῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κᾱρᾰ́βῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: καράβι (karávi)

desc

Mariupol Greek: кара́в (karáv), кара́ви (karávi), кара́вь (karávʹ)

desctree

Pontic Greek: καράβι (karávi), καράβιν (karávin), καράβ' (karáv')
→ Laz: კარავი (ǩaravi)

desc

Tsakonian: καράβι (karávi), καράδι (karádi), καράιδι (karáidi), καβάβι (kavávi)

→ Aromanian: cãravi, cãrave, cãradi

→ Proto-Slavic: *korabľь (see there for further descendants)

From κάραβος (kárabos, “a small boat”) + -ιον (-ion).


γάλεα

grc-noun

γάλεα • (gálea) f (genitive γαλέας); first declension

gálea (romanization)
γαλέας (genitive)
ἡ γάλεᾰ (nominative singular)
αἱ γάλεαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαλέᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν γαλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαλέᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς γαλέαις (dative plural)
τὴν γάλεᾰν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς γαλέᾱς (accusative plural)
γάλεᾰ (singular vocative)
γάλεαι (plural vocative)

Latin: galea (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Perhaps from γαλέη (galéē, “weasel; kind of small fish”) and/or γαλεός (galeós, “shark”).

(Byzantine) galley (ship propelled primarily by oars)