γάλα

grc-noun

γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

γᾰ́λᾰ (canonical)
gála (romanization)
γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive)
γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálaxi (dative plural)
toîs gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰῐν (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálai (dative plural)
toîs gálain (dative plural)
gálaxi (dative plural)
gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)

Greek: γάλα (gála)

Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lac, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection.
The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.


ἀψίνθιον

grc-noun

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension

apsínthion (romanization)
ἀψινθίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀψινθίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀψινθίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀψινθίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀψινθίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀψίνθιον (singular vocative)
ἀψινθίω (dual vocative)
ἀψίνθιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)

desctree

أَفْسِنْتِين

→ Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
→ Persian: افسنتین
→ Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
→ Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
→ Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)

→ Aramaic:

Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)

Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)

Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)

→ Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).


οἶνος

grc-noun

οἶνος • (oînos) m (genitive οἴνου); second declension

oînos (romanization)
οἴνου (genitive)
ὁ οἶνος (nominative singular)
τὼ οἴνω (dual nominative)
οἱ οἶνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἴνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἴνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἴνων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἴνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἴνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἴνοις (dative plural)
τὸν οἶνον (accusative singular)
τὼ οἴνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οἴνους (accusative plural)
οἶνε (singular vocative)
οἴνω (dual vocative)
οἶνοι (plural vocative)
οἶνος (nominative singular)
οἴνω (dual nominative)
οἶνοι (nominative plural)
οἴνου (genitive singular)
οἰνοῖο (genitive singular)
οἴνοιο (genitive singular)
οἰνόο (genitive singular)
οἴνοο (genitive singular)
οἴνοιῐν (dual genitive)
οἴνων (genitive plural)
οἴνῳ (dative singular)
οἴνοιῐν (dative dual)
οἴνοισῐ (dative plural)
οἴνοισῐν (dative plural)
οἴνοις (dative plural)
oínoisi (dative plural)
oínoisin (dative plural)
oínois (dative plural)
οἶνον (accusative singular)
οἴνω (accusative dual)
οἴνους (accusative plural)
οἶνε (singular vocative)
οἴνω (dual vocative)
οἶνοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ϝοἶνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ϝοἴνω (dual nominative)
τοὶ ϝοἶνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ϝοἴνω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ϝοἴνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ϝοἴνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ϝοἴνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ϝοἴνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ϝοἴνοις (dative plural)
τὸν ϝοἶνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ϝοἴνω (accusative dual)
τὼς ϝοἴνως (accusative plural)
ϝοἶνε (singular vocative)
ϝοἴνω (dual vocative)
ϝοἶνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: οίνος (oínos)

⇒ English: eno-, oeno-, œno-

⇒ French: œno-

⇒ German: öno-

⇒ Italian: eno-

⇒ Sicilian: enu-, inu-

From Proto-Hellenic *wóinos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀜 (wo-no)), from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō; related to English wine, Latin vīnum, Old Armenian գինի (gini) etc.; according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary, "all probably from a common Mediterranean source". Perhaps instead from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom, possibly from the root *wey(H)- (“to twist”), thus meaning "that of the vine"; and related to dialectal ὑιήν (huiḗn, “grapevine”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wiHḗn, which would be a derivation from the same root.


σίραιον

σῐ́ραιον • (síraion) n (genitive σῐραίου); second declension

σῐ́ραιον (canonical)
síraion (romanization)
σῐραίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐραίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ραιον (singular vocative)
σῐραίω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ραιᾰ (plural vocative)

Maybe from σειρόω (seiróō) or alternatively from Pre-Greek.

boiled down new wine, often used as a syrup


μέδος

head

μέδος • (médos) m

Likely represents a Slavic or Germanic word (if the latter, probably Gothic or a related East Germanic dialect); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Ἐχορηγοῦντο δὲ ἡμῖν κατὰ κώμας τροφαὶ, ἀντὶ μὲν σίτου κέγχρος, ἀντὶ δὲ οἴνου ὁ μέδος ἐπιχωρίως καλούμενος.

Refreshments were supplied to us in the villages, with grain being called 'millet', and wine 'mead', according to the local tradition.

Ekhorēgoûnto dè hēmîn katà kṓmas trophaì, antì mèn sítou kénkhros, antì dè oínou ho médos epikhōríōs kaloúmenos.


κυκεών

grc-noun

κῠκεών • (kukeṓn) m (genitive κῠκεῶνος); third declension

κῠκεών (canonical)
kukeṓn (romanization)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κῠκεών (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsi (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsin (dative plural)
τὸν κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)
κῠκεών (nominative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dual genitive)
κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dative dual)
κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐν (dative plural)
kukeôsi (dative plural)
kukeôsin (dative plural)
kukeṓnessi (dative plural)
kukeṓnessin (dative plural)
kukeṓnesi (dative plural)
kukeṓnesin (dative plural)
κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
κυκεῶ (accusative singular)
κυκειῶ (accusative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠκεῶνᾰ/κυκεῶ/κυκειῶ

a potion or posset consisting of barley-meal, grated cheese, and Pramnian wine, among other things


χυλός

grc-noun

χῡλός • (khūlós) m (genitive χῡλοῦ); second declension

χῡλός (canonical)
khūlós (romanization)
χῡλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῡλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῡλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῡλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῡλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῡλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῡλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῡλούς (accusative plural)
χῡλέ (singular vocative)
χῡλώ (dual vocative)
χῡλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χυλός (chylós)

→ Latin: chȳlus

→ English: chyle

From χέω (khéō, “pour”), but like χυμός (khumós) it is unclear how the long -ῡ- can be explained.


γλεῦκος

γλεῦκος • (gleûkos) n (genitive γλεύκους or γλεύκεος); third declension

gleûkos (romanization)
γλεύκους (genitive)
γλεύκεος (genitive)
τὸ γλεῦκος (nominative singular)
τὼ γλεύκει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλεύκη (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλεύκους (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλευκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλεύκει (dative singular)
τοῖν γλευκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλεύκεσῐ (dative plural)
γλεύκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gleúkesi (dative plural)
toîs gleúkesin (dative plural)
τὸ γλεῦκος (accusative singular)
τὼ γλεύκει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλεύκη (accusative plural)
γλεῦκος (singular vocative)
γλεύκει (dual vocative)
γλεύκη (plural vocative)

grc-decl

There also exists a Doric genitive singular in <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">γλεύκιος</i>.

French: glucose

English: glucose

Russian: глюкоза (gljukoza)

Greek: γλεύκος (gléfkos)

From Proto-Hellenic *dléukus, from Proto-Indo-European *dléwkus. Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀆𐀩𐀄𐀒 (de-re-u-ko /dleukos/) and Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús).

cog

Ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.

But others, mocking, said "These men are full of new wine".

Héteroi dè diakhleuázontes élegon hóti Gleúkous memestōménoi eisín.

ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.

circa''' AD 80–90, The New Testament in the original Greek (1885), Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων 2:13

Others, mocking, said, “They are filled with new wine.” ― translation from: World English Bible (rev. of 1901 ed.), Acts 2:13


ζῦθος

grc-noun

ζῦθος • (zûthos) m (genitive ζῡ́θου); second declension

ζῦθος • (zûthos) n (genitive ζῡ́θους); third declension

zûthos (romanization)
ζῡ́θου (genitive)
zûthos (romanization)
ζῡ́θους (genitive)
ὁ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ ζῦθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν ζῦθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ζῡ́θους (accusative plural)
ζῦθε (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θω (dual vocative)
ζῦθοι (plural vocative)
τὸ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θει (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θεσῐ (dative plural)
ζῡ́θεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesi (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesin (dative plural)
τὸ ζῦθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (accusative plural)
ζῦθος (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θει (dual vocative)
ζῡ́θη (plural vocative)

Greek: ζύθος (zýthos)

Latin: zȳthum

Unknown; suggested sources have included Egyptian, Proto-Scythian, Pre-Greek, or a native origin, in which case it would be related to ζύμη (zúmē, “yeast”) and ζέω (zéō, “to boil”). See even farther Angami zhūthō (“rice beer”) whence English zutho.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 6.11.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.87

ἅπασα μὲν ἡ χώρα αὕτη οὐκ εὔοινος, πλείω δεχομένου τοῦ κεράμου θάλατταν ἢ οἶνον ὃν δὴ καλοῦσι Λιβυκόν, ᾧ δὴ καὶ τῷ ζύθῳ τὸ πολὺ φῦλον χρῆται τῶν Ἀλεξανδρέων·

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 17.1.14

hápasa mèn hē khṓra haútē ouk eúoinos, pleíō dekhoménou toû kerámou thálattan ḕ oînon hòn dḕ kaloûsi Libukón, hôi dḕ kaì tôi zúthōi tò polù phûlon khrêtai tôn Alexandréōn;

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.34

an Egyptian kind of beer, brewed with barley


βρῦτος

βρῦτος • (brûtos) m (genitive βρῡ́του); second declension

brûtos (romanization)
βρῡ́του (genitive)
ὁ βρῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῡ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρῦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρῡ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῡ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῡ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρῡ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῡ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρῡ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρῦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῡ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρῡ́τους (accusative plural)
βρῦτε (singular vocative)
βρῡ́τω (dual vocative)
βρῦτοι (plural vocative)

From Thracian *brutos (“beer, a type of barley beer”). According to Pokorny, this is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, be hot”).

der

bg:Иван Дуриданов


σίκερα

desctree

→ Latin: sīcera
→ Middle English: ciser, siser, cisar, seser, cyser, sicer, syser, cisere
→ English: cyser
Old French: cisdre, sidre
→ Breton: sistr
French: cidre
→ German: Cidre
→ Polish: cydr
→ Romanian: cidru
→ Russian: сидр (sidr)
→ Ukrainian: сидр (sydr)
→ Middle Dutch: sider
Dutch: cider
→ Middle English: sider, sedyr, cedyr, sydyr, cidre, sidre, syder, sydur, siþer, sythere, sydir, sidur, sithir, cyther, cyder
English: cider
→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
→ Finnish: siideri
→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter
→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)
Scots: cedar (obsolete)
→ Welsh: seidr
→ Galician: sidra
→ Spanish: sidra
→ Catalan: sidra
→ Tagalog: sidra
→ Italian: sidro.

From the Septuagint rendition of Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār), used to refer to strong drinks, from Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”).

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)


ὑδρόμελι

grc-noun

ὑδρόμελῐ • (hudrómeli) n (genitive ὑδρομέλῐτος); third declension

ὑδρόμελῐ (canonical)
hudrómeli (romanization)
ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδρομελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδρομέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδρομέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὑδρομέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisi (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisin (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδρόμελῐ (singular vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: υδρόμελο (ydrómelo)

→ Catalan: hidromel

→ English: hydromel

→ Latin: hydromel

→ Italian: idromele

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + μέλι (méli, “honey”).


ἄσχυ

grc-noun

ἄσχῠ • (áskhu) n (genitive ἄσχῠος); third declension

ἄσχῠ (canonical)
áskhu (romanization)
ἄσχῠος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́σχῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σχῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́σχῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs áskhusi (dative plural)
toîs áskhusin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (plural vocative)

inspissated juice of the fruit of the bird cherry


ἀμίλλακα

ἀμίλλακα • (amíllaka) f (genitive ἀμιλλάκᾱς); first declension

amíllaka (romanization)
ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀμίλλακαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμιλλακῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀμιλλάκᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμιλλάκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀμιλλάκᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀμίλλακαι (plural vocative)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: οἶνον (oînon, “wine”).


ὄξος

ὄξος • (óxos) n (genitive ὄξεος); third declension

óxos (romanization)
ὄξεος (genitive)
τὸ ὄξος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄξεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄξεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄξεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄξεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄξεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs óxesi (dative plural)
toîs óxesin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄξος (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄξεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄξος (singular vocative)
ὄξεε (dual vocative)
ὄξεᾰ (plural vocative)

⇒ Greek: ξίδι (xídi)

⇒ Mariupol Greek: ксидъ (ksið)

→ Old East Slavic: уксусъ (uksusŭ)

desctree

Russian: уксус (uksus)
→ Ingrian: uksus
→ Komi-Zyrian: уксус (uksus)

→ Udi: окъо (oq̇o)

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp; sour”), like ἦδος (êdos, “delight, pleasure”) to ἡδύς (hēdús, “pleasant, sweet”).


ἀμφίας

grc-noun

ἀμφῐ́ᾱς • (amphíās) m (genitive ἀμφῐ́ου); first declension

ἀμφῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
amphíās (romanization)
ἀμφῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἀμφῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμφῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀμφῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμφῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμφῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμφῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμφῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμφῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀμφῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμφῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀμφῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀμφῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀμφῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀμφῐ́αι (plural vocative)

The suffix -ιας is typical of names of wines. Furnée connects the gloss with ἀμφής (amphḗs, “wine blossom”) and ὄμφαξ (ómphax, “unripe grape”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.


τρύξ

τρῠ́ξ • (trúx) f (genitive τρῠγός); third declension

τρῠ́ξ (canonical)
trúx (romanization)
τρῠγός (genitive)
ἡ τρῠ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῠ́γε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῠ́γες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῠγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῠγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῠγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῠγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῠγοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῠξῐ́ (dative plural)
τρῠξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs truxí (dative plural)
taîs truxín (dative plural)
τὴν τρῠ́γᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῠ́γε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῠ́γᾰς (accusative plural)
τρῠ́ξ (singular vocative)
τρῠ́γε (dual vocative)
τρῠ́γες (plural vocative)

Without certain etymology. The traditional connection with τάργανον (tárganon, “spoiled wine, wine-vinegar”) is neither phonetically nor semantically convincing. The formal identity with τρυγάω (trugáō, “to gather fruits”) is remarkable, especially since both words refer to viniculture and wine production. Porzig pleads for Pre-Greek origin of all these words.

unk

Without certain etymology


φέκλη

grc-noun

φέκλη • (phéklē) f (genitive φέκλης); first declension

phéklē (romanization)
φέκλης (genitive)
ἡ φέκλη (nominative singular)
τὼ φέκλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φέκλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φέκλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φέκλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φεκλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φέκλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φέκλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φέκλαις (dative plural)
τὴν φέκλην (accusative singular)
τὼ φέκλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φέκλᾱς (accusative plural)
φέκλη (singular vocative)
φέκλᾱ (dual vocative)
φέκλαι (plural vocative)


κοῦρμι

kind of beer made of barley, made by Egyptians, Iberians and Bretons


ἀλίβας

ἀλῐ́βᾱς • (alíbās) m (genitive ἀλῐ́βᾰντος); third declension

ἀλῐ́βᾱς (canonical)
alíbās (romanization)
ἀλῐ́βᾰντος (genitive)
ὁ ἀλῐ́βᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλῐ́βᾰντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀλῐ́βᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλῐ́βᾰντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλῐβᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλῐβᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλῐ́βᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλῐβᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλῐ́βᾱσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλῐ́βᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs alíbāsi (dative plural)
toîs alíbāsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἀλῐ́βᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλῐ́βᾰντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀλῐ́βᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλῐ́βᾰν (singular vocative)
ἀλῐ́βᾰντε (dual vocative)
ἀλῐ́βᾰντες (plural vocative)

The ancient explanation as "sapless", with ἀ- (a-, without) + λιβάς (libás, “spring, fount, source”) is based on popular etymology. Kretschmer connected it with Etruscan 𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌖 (lupu, “(he) died”) and Latin Libitina, which is possible but uncertain. The deviant shape of the word, as well as forms like ὀκρίβας (okríbas), κιλλίβας (killíbas), λυκάβας (lukábas) and Κορύβαντες (Korúbantes), clearly point to a Pre-Greek origin.


κάροινον

grc-noun

κᾰ́ροινον • (károinon) n (genitive κᾰροίνου); second declension

κᾰ́ροινον (canonical)
károinon (romanization)
κᾰροίνου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ροινον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰροίνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰροίνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰροίνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰροίνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰροίνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰροίνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰροίνοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ροινον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰροίνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ροινον (singular vocative)
κᾰροίνω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ροινᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: carēnum

Uncertain; Grimme assumes a loan from Semitic, suggesting comparison to Akkadian 𒆪𒊒𒌦𒉡 (ku-ru-un-nu /kurunnu/, “alcoholic beverage, a choice kind of beer or wine, possibly made with sesame”) via Hittite. This was considered doubtful by Beekes without giving argument, perhaps from the lack of evidence of a definitive Hittite transmission. For possible further foreign connections compare Egyptian kꜣm especially its earlier forms, its Semitic counterparts, and the Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”). Alternatively perhaps from or related to καρύϊνος (karúïnos, “made of nuts, to be nut-brown in color”).


ἰᾶτον

grc-noun

ἰᾶτον • (iâton) n (genitive ἰᾱ́του); second declension

iâton (romanization)
ἰᾱ́του (genitive)
τὸ ἰᾶτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰᾱ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἰᾶτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰᾱ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰᾱ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰᾱ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰᾱ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰᾱ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰᾱ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἰᾶτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰᾱ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἰᾶτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἰᾶτον (singular vocative)
ἰᾱ́τω (dual vocative)
ἰᾶτᾰ (plural vocative)

Probably related to ἴον (íon, “violet”).

drink prepared from honey, wine and violets


ἔρβουλος

ἔρβουλος • (érboulos) m (genitive ἐρβούλου); second declension

érboulos (romanization)
ἐρβούλου (genitive)
ὁ ἔρβουλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρβούλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔρβουλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρβούλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρβούλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρβούλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρβούλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρβούλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρβούλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔρβουλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρβούλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρβούλους (accusative plural)
ἔρβουλε (singular vocative)
ἐρβούλω (dual vocative)
ἔρβουλοι (plural vocative)

Perhaps borrowed from Latin helveolus (“kind of yellowish wine”).


μελίκρατον

grc-noun

μελῐ́κρᾱτον • (melíkrāton) n (genitive μελῐκρᾱ́του); second declension

μελῐ́κρᾱτον (canonical)
melíkrāton (romanization)
μελῐκρᾱ́του (genitive)
τὸ μελῐ́κρᾱτον (nominative singular)
τὼ μελῐκρᾱ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μελῐ́κρᾱτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελῐκρᾱ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελῐκρᾱ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῐκρᾱ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ μελῐκρᾱ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελῐκρᾱ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελῐκρᾱ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ μελῐ́κρᾱτον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελῐκρᾱ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μελῐ́κρᾱτᾰ (accusative plural)
μελῐ́κρᾱτον (singular vocative)
μελῐκρᾱ́τω (dual vocative)
μελῐ́κρᾱτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: melicrātum

From μέλι (méli, “honey”) + κεράννῡμι (keránnūmi, “to mix, mingle”).

compound

drink of honey and milk offered as a libation to the powers of the netherworld


θαλασσόμελι

grc-noun

θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτος

θᾰλᾰσσόμελῐ • (thalassómeli) n (genitive θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτος); third declension

θᾰλᾰσσόμελῐ (canonical)
thalassómeli (romanization)
θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ θᾰλᾰσσόμελῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰσσομελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰλᾰσσομελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰλᾰσσομελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thalassomélisi (dative plural)
toîs thalassomélisin (dative plural)
τὸ θᾰλᾰσσόμελῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
θᾰλᾰσσόμελῐ (singular vocative)
θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτε (dual vocative)
θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

θᾰλᾰσσομέλῐτος

From θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + μέλι (méli, “honey”).


ὀξαλίς

grc-noun

ὀξᾰλῐ́ς • (oxalís) f (genitive ὀξᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

ὀξᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
oxalís (romanization)
ὀξᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὀξᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὀξᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs oxalísi (dative plural)
taîs oxalísin (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀξᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὀξᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὀξᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: οξαλίδα (oxalída)

→ Latin: oxalis

→ Translingual: Oxalis

Ultimately from ὄξος (óxos, “poor wine, vinegar”) or ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp, pointed”).

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual


μελύγιον

μελύγιον • (melúgion) n (genitive —); second declension

Connected with μέλι (méli, “honey”), but this is likely a folk etymology if the word is indeed from Scythian.

P. Oxy. XV 1802 (the Oxyrhynchus Glossary)

A kind of alcoholic beverage, perhaps mead, among the Scythians.


ἀναφής

ἀνᾰφής (canonical)
anaphḗs (romanization)
ἀνᾰφές (neuter)
ἀνᾰφής (feminine masculine nominative singular)
ἀνᾰφές (neuter nominative singular)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dual feminine masculine nominative)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dual neuter nominative)
ἀνᾰφεῖς (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ἀνᾰφῆ (neuter nominative plural)
ἀνᾰφοῦς (feminine genitive masculine singular)
ἀνᾰφοῦς (genitive neuter singular)
ἀνᾰφοῖν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
ἀνᾰφοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ἀνᾰφῶν (feminine genitive masculine plural)
ἀνᾰφῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dative feminine masculine singular)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dative neuter singular)
ἀνᾰφοῖν (dative dual feminine masculine)
ἀνᾰφοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ἀνᾰφέσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
ἀνᾰφέσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
anaphési (dative feminine masculine plural)
anaphésin (dative feminine masculine plural)
ἀνᾰφέσῐ (dative neuter plural)
ἀνᾰφέσῐν (dative neuter plural)
anaphési (dative neuter plural)
anaphésin (dative neuter plural)
ἀνᾰφῆ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ἀνᾰφές (accusative neuter singular)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (accusative dual feminine masculine)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (accusative dual neuter)
ἀνᾰφεῖς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ἀνᾰφῆ (accusative neuter plural)
ἀνᾰφές (feminine masculine singular vocative)
ἀνᾰφές (neuter singular vocative)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dual feminine masculine vocative)
ἀνᾰφεῖ (dual neuter vocative)
ἀνᾰφεῖς (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ἀνᾰφῆ (neuter plural vocative)
ἀνᾰφῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ἀνᾰφέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ἀνᾰφέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From ἀ- (a-) + ἁφή (haphḗ, “sense of touch”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).


μοῦστος

grc-noun

μοῦστος • (moûstos) m (genitive μούστου); second declension

moûstos (romanization)
μούστου (genitive)
ὁ μοῦστος (nominative singular)
τὼ μούστω (dual nominative)
οἱ μοῦστοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μούστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μούστοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μούστων (genitive plural)
τῷ μούστῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μούστοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μούστοις (dative plural)
τὸν μοῦστον (accusative singular)
τὼ μούστω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μούστους (accusative plural)
μοῦστε (singular vocative)
μούστω (dual vocative)
μοῦστοι (plural vocative)

Greek: μούστος (moústos)


ψυκτήρ

ψῠκτήρ • (psuktḗr) m (genitive ψῠκτῆρος); third declension

ψῠκτήρ (canonical)
psuktḗr (romanization)
ψῠκτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ ψῠκτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῠκτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ψῠκτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψῠκτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῠκτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῠκτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψῠκτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῠκτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψῠκτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
ψῠκτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs psuktêrsi (dative plural)
toîs psuktêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ψῠκτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῠκτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψῠκτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
ψῠκτήρ (singular vocative)
ψῠκτῆρε (dual vocative)
ψῠκτῆρες (plural vocative)

→ English: psykter

From ψῡ́χω (psū́khō, “to cool, refresh”) + -τήρ (-tḗr).


πρόπομα

grc-noun

πρόπομᾰ • (própoma) n (genitive προπόμᾰτος); third declension

πρόπομᾰ (canonical)
própoma (romanization)
προπόμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πρόπομᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ προπόμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ προπόμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προπόμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν προπομᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προπομᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ προπόμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν προπομᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προπόμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
προπόμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs propómasi (dative plural)
toîs propómasin (dative plural)
τὸ πρόπομᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ προπόμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ προπόμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόπομᾰ (singular vocative)
προπόμᾰτε (dual vocative)
προπόμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: propoma

From προπῑ́νω (propī́nō, “to drink before or first”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


μελίμηλον

grc-noun

μελῐ́μηλον • (melímēlon) n (genitive μελῐμήλου); second declension

μελῐ́μηλον (canonical)
melímēlon (romanization)
μελῐμήλου (genitive)
τὸ μελῐ́μηλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μελῐμήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μελῐ́μηλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελῐμήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελῐμήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῐμήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μελῐμήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελῐμήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελῐμήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μελῐ́μηλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελῐμήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μελῐ́μηλᾰ (accusative plural)
μελῐ́μηλον (singular vocative)
μελῐμήλω (dual vocative)
μελῐ́μηλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: melimēlum

From μέλι (méli, “honey”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).


ῥητινίτης

grc-noun

ῥητῑνῑ́της • (rhētīnī́tēs) m (genitive ῥητῑνῑ́του); first declension

ῥητῑνῑ́της (canonical)
rhētīnī́tēs (romanization)
ῥητῑνῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ ῥητῑνῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥητῑνῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥητῑνῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥητῑνῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥητῑνῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥητῑνῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥητῑνῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥητῑνῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥητῑνῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥητῑνῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥητῑνῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥητῑνῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥητῑνῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥητῑνῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥητῑνῖται (plural vocative)

From ῥητίνη (rhētínē, “pine resin”) + -ίτης (-ítēs).

af

ῥητινίτης οἶνος ― rhētinítēs oînos ― resinated wine, retsina

Ὁ δὲ ῥητινίτης οἶνος καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη σκευάζεται

c. 70 CE, Pedanius Dioscorides, “Book V”, in De materia medica, section 43

this resinated wine is produced by many nations

Ho dè rhētinítēs oînos kaì katà tà éthnē skeuázetai


ζουλάπιν

grc-noun

ζουλάπιν • (zoulápin) n (genitive ζουλαπίου); second declension

zoulápin (romanization)
ζουλαπίου (genitive)

Greek: ζουλάπι (zoulápi) (dated)

From Arabic جُلَّاب (jullāb, “rosewater, julep”), itself from Persian گلاب (golâb, “rosewater”). The term (as ζουλάπιον) is attested already in the 8ᵗʰ c. indicating a direct borrowing from Arabic rather than through Old Anatolian Turkish جلاب (cüllab).

bor

...καὶ σεράπιον ἢ ζουλάπιν τῇ βαρβάρῳ φωνῇ καλοῦμεν

c. 14th century CE, Johannes Zacharias Actuarius, Θεραπευτικὴ μέθοδος, volume 5, 17.113.1-2

...and we call syrup or julep according to the barbarian language

...kaì serápion ḕ zoulápin têi barbárōi phōnêi kaloûmen


κάμον

grc-noun

κάμον • (kámon) n (genitive κάμου); second declension

From Latin camum. Also cited in some modern sources as κάμος m (kámos). All attested forms are ambiguous between masculine and neuter (see quotations). The neuter gender has been assigned here on the basis of the Latin form.

Πίνουσι γοῦν ζῦθον Αἰγύπτιοι, κάμον Παίονες, Κελτοὶ κερβησίαν, σίκερα Βαβυλώνιοι.
Pínousi goûn zûthon Aigúptioi, kámon Paíones, Keltoì kerbēsían, síkera Babulṓnioi.

3rd c. AD, disputed authorship, Kestoi 1.19.20

Egyptians drink zythos, Paeonians kamon, Celts kervesia, and Babylonians sikera.

κερβησίου ἤτοι κ[άμου]
kerbēsíou ḗtoi k[ámou]

Ἐνθένδε ἐπορευόμεθα ὁδὸν ὁμαλὴν, ἐν πεδίῳ κει(??)ένην, ναυσιπόροις τε προσεβάλομεν ποταμοῖς, ὧν οἱ μέγιστοι μετὰ τὸν Ἴστρον ὅ τε Δρήκων λεγόμενος καὶ ὁ Τίγας καὶ ὁ Τιφήσας ἦν … Ἐχορηγοῦντο δὲ ἡμῖν κατὰ κώμας τροφαὶ, ἀντὶ μὲν σίτου κέγχρος, ἀντὶ δὲ οἴνου ὁ μέδος ἐπιχωρίως καλούμενος. Ἐκομίζοντο δὲ καὶ οἱ ἑπόμενοι ἡμῖν ὑπηρέται κέγχρον καὶ τὸ ἐκ κριθῶν χορηγούμενοι πόμα· κάμον οἱ βάρβαροι καλοῦσιν αὐτό.
Enthénde eporeuómetha hodòn homalḕn, en pedíōi kei(??)énēn, nausipórois te prosebálomen potamoîs, hôn hoi mégistoi metà tòn Ístron hó te Drḗkōn legómenos kaì ho Tígas kaì ho Tiphḗsas ên [...] Ekhorēgoûnto dè hēmîn katà kṓmas trophaì, antì mèn sítou kénkhros, antì dè oínou ho médos epikhōríōs kaloúmenos. Ekomízonto dè kaì hoi hepómenoi hēmîn hupērétai kénkhron kaì tò ek krithôn khorēgoúmenoi póma; kámon hoi bárbaroi kaloûsin autó.

5th c. AD, Priscus, History of Byzantium (quoted from the Constantinian Excerpts 8.314), (Priscus is en route from Roman territory to the Hunnic court)

From there we proceeded along a level path situated in open country and crossed various navigable rivers of which the largest, after the Danube, were the so-called Drekon, Tigas, and Tiphesas … And [as we passed] through the villages provisions were given to us: on the one hand millet instead of proper grain, and on the other hand the so-called local medos instead of wine. The assistants following us also received millet, as well as a certain drink made from barley- the savages call it kamon.