μέλι

grc-noun

μέλῐ • (méli) n (genitive μέλῐτος); third declension

μέλῐ (canonical)
méli (romanization)
μέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ μέλῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ μέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ μέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
μέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mélisi (dative plural)
toîs mélisin (dative plural)
τὸ μέλῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ μέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
μέλῐ (singular vocative)
μέλῐτε (dual vocative)
μέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέλι (méli)

Mariupol Greek: мел (mjel)

→ Hawaiian: meli

From Proto-Hellenic *méli, from Proto-Indo-European *mélit (“honey”). Cognates include Latin mel, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 (miliþ), and Old Armenian մեղր (mełr).


γαστήρ

γᾰστήρ • (gastḗr) f (genitive γᾰστέρος or γᾰστρός); third declension

γᾰστήρ (canonical)
gastḗr (romanization)
γᾰστέρος (genitive)
γᾰστρός (genitive)
ἡ γᾰστήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰστέρες (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰστέρος (genitive singular)
γᾰστρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰστέρων (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰστέρῐ (dative singular)
γᾰστρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰστῆρσῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστῆρσῐν (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsi (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsin (dative plural)
gastrási (dative plural)
gastrásin (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰστέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰστέρᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰστήρ (singular vocative)
γᾰστέρε (dual vocative)
γᾰστέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰστέρος, γᾰστρός

γᾰστέρῐ, γᾰστρῐ́

γᾰστῆρσῐ(ν), γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ(ν)

⇒ Catalan: gastro-

→ English: gaster, ⇒ gastro-

⇒ French: gastro-

⇒ German: gastro-

⇒ Italian: gastro-

→ Latin: gaster

⇒ Portuguese: gastro-

⇒ Spanish: gastro-

Traditionally derived from a dissimilation of an unattested earlier *γρᾰστήρ (*grastḗr, “devourer”), from γρᾰ́ω (gráō, “to gnaw, eat”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix). If so, Sanskrit ग्रस्तर् (grastar, “(astronomy) eclipser (originally "devourer")”) would be an exact cognate; for a semantic parallel to the Sanskrit term, compare Chinese 蝕／蚀 (shí, “to corrode, eclipse”), which is derived from 食 (shí, “to eat”).
However, Beekes is skeptical of the semantics (it is somewhat of a stretch to consider the belly as an "eater"), and tentatively prefers a derivation from *gnt-tēr, with *-tt- > -st-, comparing γέντα (génta, “intestines”) (which itself is of unclear origin).

ncog

ὀπτῶν γαστέρα τοῖς συγγένεσιν κᾆτ᾿ οὐκ ἔσχων ἀμελήσας, […]

paunch, belly, hollow, wide part
sausage, haggis


ἅλς

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

ᾰ̔́λς (canonical)
háls (romanization)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
οἱ ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τοὺς ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)
ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̔λσῐ́, ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν

desc

⇒ Koine Greek: ἁλάτιον (halátion) (diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: ἁλάτιν (halátin)

Greek: αλάτι (aláti)

Mariupol Greek: а́лас (álas)

→ English: halo-

→ Greek: άλας (álas) (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt).


ἅλς

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) f (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

ᾰ̔́λς (canonical)
háls (romanization)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
αἱ ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ταῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)
ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̔λσῐ́, ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν


ζωμός

grc-noun

ζωμός • (zōmós) m (genitive ζωμοῦ); second declension

zōmós (romanization)
ζωμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ζωμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ζωμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ζωμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζωμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζωμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζωμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ζωμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζωμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζωμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ζωμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζωμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ζωμούς (accusative plural)
ζωμέ (singular vocative)
ζωμώ (dual vocative)
ζωμοί (plural vocative)
ὁ ζῶμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζώμω (dual nominative)
τοὶ ζῶμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζώμω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζώμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ζῶμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζώμω (accusative dual)
τὼς ζώμως (accusative plural)
ζῶμε (singular vocative)
ζώμω (dual vocative)
ζῶμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ζωμός (zomós)

desctree

→ Arabic: زُوم (zūm)
→ Old Leonese:
Asturian: zume
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: çumo
Galician: zume
Portuguese: sumo
→ Old Spanish: çumo
Ladino: sumo
Spanish: zumo

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܡܐ (zōmā), ܙܘܡܘܣ (zōmōs)

Of unclear origin. Generally connected with ζύμη (zúmē, “leaven, beer yeast”), but the ablaut required (ō(u) : ū) is improbable. Connection with ζέω (zéō, “to ferment”) presupposes that Proto-Indo-European *yos-mo- developed into this word regularly.


ὑπότριμμα

grc-noun

ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος

ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ • (hupótrīmma) n (genitive ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος); third declension

ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (canonical)
hupótrīmma (romanization)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποτρῑμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hupotrī́mmasi (dative plural)
toîs hupotrī́mmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔πότρῑμμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῠ̔ποτρῑ́μμᾰτος

From ὑποτρίβω (hupotríbō, “I rub, grate”) + -μα (-ma).

af

A pungent dish made of various items grated and mixed together, usually used as a dip.


χορδή

grc-noun

χορδή • (khordḗ) f (genitive χορδῆς); first declension

khordḗ (romanization)
χορδῆς (genitive)
ἡ χορδή (nominative singular)
τὼ χορδᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ χορδαί (nominative plural)
τῆς χορδῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χορδαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χορδῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χορδαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χορδαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν χορδήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χορδᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χορδᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χορδή (singular vocative)
χορδᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χορδαί (plural vocative)

Greek: χορδή (chordí)

Mariupol Greek: кордъа́ (korðá)

→ Latin: chorda (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: хо́рда (xórda)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH- (“bowel”). Cognates include Sanskrit हिर (hira), Latin hernia, and Old English ġearn (English yarn).


ἄλφιτον

ἄλφιτον • (álphiton) n (genitive ἀλφίτου); second declension

álphiton (romanization)
ἀλφίτου (genitive)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλφίτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλφίτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλφίτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλφίτοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλφιτον (singular vocative)
ἀλφίτω (dual vocative)
ἄλφιτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Cognates include Albanian elb.

δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπεῤῥώοντο γυναῖκες ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν

c. 8th century BCE, Homer, “Rhapsody υ”, in Odyssey, 107-8:

twelve maidens, day by day, toiled grinding barleymeal and wheatmeal, the marrow of man

dṓdeka pâsai eperrhṓonto gunaîkes álphita teúkhousai kaì aleíata, muelòn andrôn

οἱ ἀστοὶ ἄλευρά τε καὶ ἄλφιτα ἐποίευν πάντες ἐπὶ μῆνας συχνούς

430 BCE, Herodotus, “Book VII, Polyymnia”, in Histories, section 119:

the citizens continued to make wheatmeal and barleymeal for many months

hoi astoì áleurá te kaì álphita epoíeun pántes epì mênas sukhnoús


κόστος

κόστος • (kóstos) m (genitive κόστου); second declension

kóstos (romanization)
κόστου (genitive)
ὁ κόστος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόστω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόστοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόστοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόστων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόστῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόστοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόστοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόστον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόστω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόστους (accusative plural)
κόστε (singular vocative)
κόστω (dual vocative)
κόστοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: costus

→ English: costus

→ Translingual: Costus

Saussurea costus
Saussurea costus#Translingual

costus (Saussurea costus), used as a spice


δάφνη

δᾰ́φνη • (dáphnē) f (genitive δᾰ́φνης); first declension

δᾰ́φνη (canonical)
dáphnē (romanization)
δᾰ́φνης (genitive)
ἡ δᾰ́φνη (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰ́φνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δᾰ́φναι (nominative plural)
τῆς δᾰ́φνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰ́φναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰφνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δᾰ́φνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰ́φναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δᾰ́φναις (dative plural)
τὴν δᾰ́φνην (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰ́φνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δᾰ́φνᾱς (accusative plural)
δᾰ́φνη (singular vocative)
δᾰ́φνᾱ (dual vocative)
δᾰ́φναι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: δάφνη (dáfni)
→ Albanian: dafinë, defën, dafan, dhafnë, dhefme — dialectal
→ Aromanian: dafin, dafnu, dafni／dafne, dhafni／dhafne, dafnjauã, dhafnjauã; dafnã, dafinã
→ Bulgarian: дафи́на (dafína)
→ Macedonian: дафина (dafina)
→ Romanian: dafin, dafină, afin, afină
→ Serbo-Croatian: dàfīn／да̀фӣн
→ Sicilian: dàfina, nafra, afra — Calabria
→ Ottoman Turkish: دفنه (defne), تفنه (tefne)
Turkish: defne
→ Azerbaijani: dəfnə
→ Middle Armenian: թէֆնէ (tʻēfnē)
→ Uzbek: dafna

→ Albanian: dafinë

→ Arabic: دِفْلَى (diflā), دِفْلَة (difla), تِفْلَة (tifla)
→ Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡐࡋࡀ
→ Middle Armenian: տֆլայ (tflay), տիֆլայ (tiflay)
→ Spanish: adelfa
→ Cebuano: adelpa
→ Hiligaynon: adelpa
→ Tagalog: adelpa

→ Hebrew: דַּפְנָה (dafná)

→ Late Latin: daphinus

Romanian: dafin, afin

Translingual: Daphne

→ English: daphne

→ Old Armenian: դափնի (dapʻni), դաբնի (dabni), դափնէ (dapʻnē), դափնիդ (dapʻnid), դաբնիդ (dabnid), դաբնիա (dabnia), դաբնիդայ (dabniday), դաբնիդեայ (dabnideay), դափնիտեայ (dapʻniteay), դաբնընդեմ (dabnəndem)
Armenian: դափնի (dapʻni)
→? Old Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)
Middle Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)
⇒ Georgian: დაფნა (dapna)

→? Old Georgian: დაფნი (dapni)

Beekes reconstructs possible Pre-Greek stem *dakʷ-(n-).

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


κύμινον

grc-noun

κύμῑνον • (kúmīnon) n (genitive κυμίνου); second declension

κύμῑνον (canonical)
kúmīnon (romanization)
κυμίνου (genitive)
τὸ κύμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κυμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κυμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κυμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κυμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κύμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
κύμῑνον (singular vocative)
κυμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κύμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cumīnum (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲓⲙⲓⲛⲟⲩ (kiminou)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀖𐀜 (ku-mi-no), borrowed from Semitic, compare Ge'ez ከሚን (kämin), ካሚን (kamin), ከሙን (kämun), ከሜን (kämen), Arabic كَمُّون (kammūn), Hebrew כַּמֹּון (kammōn), Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא / ܩܰܡܽܘܢܳܐ (kammōnā, “cumin”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Note also Old Armenian չաման (čʻaman).

cog

Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא


πίτα

grc-noun

πίτα • (píta) f (genitive πίτας); first declension

Modern Greek: πίτα (píta)

→ Aromanian: pitã

→ Bulgarian: пи́та (píta)

→ Romanian: pită

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏та

Latin script: pȉta

→ Ladino: pita

→ Macedonian: пита (pita)

→ Megleno-Romanian: pită

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیته (pite), پیده (pide) — colloquial
Turkish: pide
→ Azerbaijani: pidə

Attested in the pita or flatbread sense from 1107.
Dialectological maps show that in Central Italy one has pizza while in the North and Tuscany one has pinza. Only in South Apulia and Calabria one has pitta; this suggests a derivation from Latin pīnctus, pictus (“painted, smeared”) or pīnsum, pīnsitum, pistum (“pounded”), however the northern forms in Italy seem to be contaminated with pinzare (“to staple”). A form peta even coexists in some areas, and according to a different theory, the forms could be derived from an Ancient Greek feminine πηκτή (pēktḗ) of πηκτός (pēktós, “compacted, congealed”) or even from πήτεα (pḗtea, “bran”). While a relation to Lombardic bizzo (“bit, chunk”) is phonetically and semantically dubious, another suggested derivation is from Illyrian, Albanian pite, reflected also in Albanian petë (“layer”) and Romanian pată (“blotch, stain, macula”) and possibly Ancient Greek πιττάκιον (pittákion, “patch; tablet; ticket”) — a word only attested from the 5ᵗʰ century, first in the comic Δεινόλοχος — and derived from the Proto-Indo-European root from which Albanian pite (“gruel”) is inherited; but the substrate could also be Jewish Aramaic פִיתָּא (pītā, “piece of bread”), from Proto-Semitic related to crumbs, breaking into tranches, akin to Hebrew פַּת (paṯ, “bread”) and the Arabic forms in the root ف ت ت (f-t-t), also Tigre / Tigrinya / Amharic / Ge'ez ፈተተ (fätätä, “to break off to portion, to crumb”) with a well-developed root.


ἔλαιον

grc-noun

ἔλαιον • (élaion) n (genitive ἐλαίου); second declension

élaion (romanization)
ἐλαίου (genitive)
τὸ ἔλαιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλαίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔλαιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλαίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔλαιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλαίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔλαιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔλαιον (singular vocative)
ἐλαίω (dual vocative)
ἔλαιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: λάδι n (ládi)

Mariupol Greek: ладъ (lað)

→ Proto-Albanian: *elaiwā

Albanian: lyej

→ Latin: oleum (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Slavic: *olějь (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon. Compare ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”).

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 668.30


ἄλευρον

ἄλευρον • (áleuron) n (genitive ἀλεύρου); second declension

áleuron (romanization)
ἀλεύρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λευρον (nominative singular)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓λεύρου (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̓λεύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓λεύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς ᾰ̓λεύροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λευρον (accusative singular)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λευρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: aleurone

→ French: aleurone

Greek: άλευρο (álevro), αλεύρι (alévri)

→ Italian: aleurone

→ Translingual: Aleuron

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leh₁wr̥. Cognate with Old Armenian ալեւր (alewr).

Οἱ ἀστοὶ ἄλευρά τε καὶ ἄλφιτα ἐποίευν πάντες ἐπὶ μῆνας συχνούς.

The citizens continued to make wheatmeal and barleymeal for many months.

Hoi astoì áleurá te kaì álphita epoíeun pántes epì mênas sukhnoús.

, ἀλέατα (aléata) (Homeric)


μουστάκια

μουστάκια • (moustákia) n pl (genitive μουστακίων); second declension

moustákia (romanization)
μουστακίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μουστάκιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μουστακίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μουστακίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μουστάκιᾰ (accusative plural)
μουστάκιᾰ (plural vocative)

(Byzantine) mustaceus (a kind of wedding cake made with must and baked on laurel leaves)


ἄνηθον

ἄνηθον • (ánēthon) n (genitive ἀνήθου); second declension

ánēthon (romanization)
ἀνήθου (genitive)
τὸ ἄνηθον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνήθω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄνηθᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀνήθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνήθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνήθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀνήθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνήθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀνήθοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄνηθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνήθω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄνηθᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄνηθον (singular vocative)
ἀνήθω (dual vocative)
ἄνηθᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άνηθος (ánithos)

→ Latin: anethum

→ Translingual: Anethum

Most likely Pre-Greek. Not to be confused with ἄννησον (ánnēson).

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual


σταῖς

σταῖς • (staîs) n (genitive σταιτός); third declension

staîs (romanization)
σταιτός (genitive)
τὸ σταῖς (nominative singular)
τὼ σταῖτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σταῖτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σταιτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σταιτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σταιτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σταιτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σταιτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σταισῐ́ (dative plural)
σταισῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs staisí (dative plural)
toîs staisín (dative plural)
τὸ σταῖς (accusative singular)
τὼ σταῖτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σταῖτᾰ (accusative plural)
σταῖς (singular vocative)
σταῖτε (dual vocative)
σταῖτᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from the same Proto-Indo-European root of Proto-Slavic *těsto (“dough”), Old Irish táis (“dough”) and Old English þǣsma (“leaven”), with an influence from στέαρ (stéar, “fat”).


ἀθάρη

ἀθᾰ́ρη • (athárē) f (genitive ἀθᾰ́ρης); first declension

ἀθᾰ́ρη (canonical)
athárē (romanization)
ἀθᾰ́ρης (genitive)
ἡ ἀθᾰ́ρη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀθᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀθᾰ́ρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀθᾰ́ρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀθᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀθᾰ́ρην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀθᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀθᾰ́ρη (singular vocative)
ἀθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀθᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

Unknown. An Egyptian word according to Pliny. Has been connected to ἀθήρ (athḗr, “awn”) and with Latin ador (“wheat”), but these connections seem unconvincing.


ζιγγίβερις

ζιγγίβερῐς • (zingíberis) f (genitive ζιγγῐβέρεως); third declension

ζιγγίβερῐς (canonical)
zingíberis (romanization)
ζιγγῐβέρεως (genitive)
ἡ ζιγγίβερῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς ζιγγιβέρεως (genitive singular)
τῇ ζιγγιβέρει (dative singular)
τὴν ζιγγίβερῐν (accusative singular)
ζιγγίβερῐ (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: ζιγγίβερη f (zingíveri), ζιγγίβερι n (zingíveri), ζίγγιβερ n (zíngiver), ζινζίβεριν n (zinzíverin), ζιντζίβερ n (zintzíver), ζιτζίβερ n (zitzíver), ζιτζίβερι n (zitzíveri), ζιτζίβερις f (zitzíveris)

→ Latin: zingiberi (see there for further descendants)

זַנְגְּבִילָא

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: זַנְגְּבִילָא (zingivila)

→ Hebrew: גִּנְבָּר (ginbār)

Via unattested Middle Iranian from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), which see for comparisons.

Diosc. 2.190


ἀλοιφή

grc-noun

ᾰ̓λοιφή • (aloiphḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓λοιφῆς); first declension

ᾰ̓λοιφή (canonical)
aloiphḗ (romanization)
ᾰ̓λοιφῆς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓λοιφή (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓λοιφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓λοιφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λοιφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λοιφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓λοιφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λοιφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓λοιφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓λοιφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λοιφή (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λοιφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λοιφαί (plural vocative)

From ᾰ̓λείφω (aleíphō, “anoint”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).


καρδάμωμον

grc-noun

καρδάμωμον • (kardámōmon) n (genitive καρδαμώμου); second declension

kardámōmon (romanization)
καρδαμώμου (genitive)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καρδαμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρδαμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ καρδαμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καρδαμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
καρδάμωμον (singular vocative)
καρδαμώμω (dual vocative)
καρδάμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

Blend of κάρδαμον (kárdamon) + ἄμωμον (ámōmon).


δαίς

grc-noun

δαίς • (daís) f (genitive δαιτός); third declension

daís (romanization)
δαιτός (genitive)
ἡ δαίς (nominative singular)
τὼ δαῖτε (dual nominative)
αἱ δαῖτες (nominative plural)
τῆς δαιτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν δαιτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δαιτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δαιτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν δαιτοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς δαισῐ́ (dative plural)
δαισῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs daisí (dative plural)
taîs daisín (dative plural)
τὴν δαῖτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δαῖτε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δαῖτᾰς (accusative plural)
δαίς (singular vocative)
δαῖτε (dual vocative)
δαῖτες (plural vocative)


νῶτον

νῶτον • (nôton) n (genitive νώτου); second declension

nôton (romanization)
νώτου (genitive)
τὸ νῶτον (nominative singular)
τὼ νώτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νῶτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νώτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ νώτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νώτοις (dative plural)
τὸ νῶτον (accusative singular)
τὼ νώτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νῶτᾰ (accusative plural)
νῶτον (singular vocative)
νώτω (dual vocative)
νῶτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: noto-

Greek: νώτα (nóta) (plurale tantum)

There are no obvious cognates. If connected with Latin natis (“rump”), it can be either assumed a derivation from an old Proto-Indo-European root noun *n(e)h₃t- or a root *nh₂t-, which became thematicized in Greek.


δεῖπνον

δεῖπνον • (deîpnon) n (genitive δείπνου); second declension

deîpnon (romanization)
δείπνου (genitive)
τὸ δεῖπνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δείπνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δεῖπνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δείπνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δείπνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δείπνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δείπνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δείπνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δείπνοις (dative plural)
τὸ δεῖπνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δείπνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δεῖπνᾰ (accusative plural)
δεῖπνον (singular vocative)
δείπνω (dual vocative)
δεῖπνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: δείπνο (deípno)

Unknown. Perhaps of Pre-Greek origin. Furnée compares δάπτω (dáptō), Latin daps and damnum. Kluge compares Proto-Germanic *tēwō (“to regular, arrange (a meal)”), source of Gothic 𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌰 (tēwa), German Zeche, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to fit”).


πέμμα

grc-noun

πέμμᾰ • (pémma) n (genitive πέμμᾰτος); third declension

πέμμᾰ (canonical)
pémma (romanization)
πέμμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πέμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέμμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέμμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέμμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πέμμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέμμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πέμμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pémmasi (dative plural)
toîs pémmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πέμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πέμμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέμμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πέμμᾰ (singular vocative)
πέμμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πέμμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: pemma

From πέσσω (péssō, “I cook, I bake”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).

Any kind of dressed food; pastry, cakes, sweetmeats


ἔμβαμμα

ἔμβᾰμμᾰ • (émbamma) n (genitive ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτος); third declension

ἔμβᾰμμᾰ (canonical)
émbamma (romanization)
ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἔμβᾰμμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμβᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμβᾰμμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμβᾰμμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs embámmasi (dative plural)
toîs embámmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔμβᾰμμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔμβᾰμμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐμβᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: embamma

From ἐμβάπτω (embáptō, “I dip in”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


σίαλος

σίᾰλος • (síalos) m (genitive σῐάλου); second declension

σίᾰλος (canonical)
síalos (romanization)
σῐάλου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́ᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́ᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́ᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
σῐ́ᾰλε (singular vocative)
σῐᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ᾰλοι (plural vocative)

The word has been connected with Ancient Greek σίαλον (síalon, “spittle, slobber”), Old English þwīnan (“to become weak”) and Proto-Slavic *tyti (“to become fat”) but all these proposals seem unconvincing. Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


μίνθη

grc-noun

μίνθη • (mínthē) f (genitive μίνθης); first declension

mínthē (romanization)
μίνθης (genitive)
ἡ μίνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μίνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μίνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μινθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μίνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μίνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μίνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μίνθᾱς (accusative plural)
μίνθη (singular vocative)
μίνθᾱ (dual vocative)
μίνθαι (plural vocative)

q

perhaps via unattested <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">*μένθα</i> (*méntha)

→? Latin: menta, mentha, mintha (perhaps via unattested *μένθα (*méntha)) (see there for further descendants)

→ Laz: მინთა (minta)

→ Mingrelian: *მინთა (*minta) (see there for further descendants)

A foreign substrate word, like Latin menta (“mint”). It is undoubtedly Pre-Greek, because of the variant ending in ”-ᾰ” and the -νθ- cluster, see ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). See Armenian մանդակ (mandak) for more. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀖𐀲 (mi-ta).


βασυνίας

grc-noun

βασυνῐ́ᾱς • (basuníās) m (genitive βασυνῐ́ου); first declension

βασυνῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
basuníās (romanization)
βασυνῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ βασυνῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ βασυνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ βασυνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βασυνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βασυνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βασυνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βασυνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βασυνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βασυνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν βασυνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βασυνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βασυνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
βασυνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
βασυνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
βασυνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


ἴτριον

ἴτριον • (ítrion) n (genitive ἰτρίου); second declension

ítrion (romanization)
ἰτρίου (genitive)
τὸ ἴτριον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰτρίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἴτριᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰτρίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰτρίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰτρίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰτρίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰτρίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰτρίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἴτριον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰτρίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἴτριᾰ (accusative plural)
ἴτριον (singular vocative)
ἰτρίω (dual vocative)
ἴτριᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Aramaic: אִטְרִיתָא

→ Aramaic: אִטְרִיתָא

→ Hebrew: אִטְרִיָה (itriyá)

→ Arabic: إِطْرِيَة (ʔiṭriya)

→ Portuguese: aletria

→ Spanish: aletría


κόλλιξ

grc-noun

κόλλῑξ • (kóllīx) m (genitive κόλλῑκος); third declension

κόλλῑξ (canonical)
kóllīx (romanization)
κόλλῑκος (genitive)
ὁ κόλλῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλλῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόλλῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόλλῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολλῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολλῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόλλῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολλῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόλλῑξῐ (dative plural)
κόλλῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kóllīxi (dative plural)
toîs kóllīxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόλλῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλλῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόλλῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
κόλλῑξ (singular vocative)
κόλλῑκε (dual vocative)
κόλλῑκες (plural vocative)

→ Russian: кулич (kulič)

→ English: kulich

According to Beekes undoubtedly of Pre-Greek origin, because of the suffix "-ῑκ-".
Possibly an Iranian borrowing related to Persian کلیچه (količe), کلوچه (koluče).


ἔτνος

ἔτνος • (étnos) n (genitive ἔτνους); third declension

étnos (romanization)
ἔτνους (genitive)
τὸ ἔτνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔτνει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔτνη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔτνους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐτνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐτνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔτνει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐτνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔτνεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔτνεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs étnesi (dative plural)
toîs étnesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔτνος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔτνει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔτνη (accusative plural)
ἔτνος (singular vocative)
ἔτνει (dual vocative)
ἔτνη (plural vocative)

Unknown. It has been connected with Scottish Gaelic eitean (“kernel, core”) and Old Armenian ունդ (und, “pulse”).


νάρκαφθον

νάρκαφθον • (nárkaphthon) n (genitive ναρκάφθου); second declension

nárkaphthon (romanization)
ναρκάφθου (genitive)
τὸ νάρκαφθον (nominative singular)
τὼ ναρκάφθω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νάρκαφθᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ναρκάφθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ναρκάφθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναρκάφθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ναρκάφθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ναρκάφθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ναρκάφθοις (dative plural)
τὸ νάρκαφθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ναρκάφθω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νάρκαφθᾰ (accusative plural)
νάρκαφθον (singular vocative)
ναρκάφθω (dual vocative)
νάρκαφθᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Furnée, this is a Semitic cultural term, in spite of the suggested Indian origin.


ἥδυσμα

ἥδυσμᾰ • (hḗdusma) n (genitive ἡδύσμᾰτος); third declension

ἥδυσμᾰ (canonical)
hḗdusma (romanization)
ἡδύσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἥδυσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡδύσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡδύσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡδύσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡδυσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡδυσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡδύσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡδυσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡδύσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἡδύσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hēdúsmasi (dative plural)
toîs hēdúsmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἥδυσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡδύσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡδύσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἥδυσμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἡδύσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἡδύσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἡδύνω (hēdúnō, “to season”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


σπολεύς

σπολεύς • (spoleús) m (genitive σπολέως); third declension

spoleús (romanization)
σπολέως (genitive)
ὁ σπολεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ σπολῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ σπολῆς (nominative plural)
σπολεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπολέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπολέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπολέων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπολεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπολέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπολεῦσῐ (dative plural)
σπολεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs spoleûsi (dative plural)
toîs spoleûsin (dative plural)
τὸν σπολέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπολῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπολέᾱς (accusative plural)
σπολεῦ (singular vocative)
σπολῆ (dual vocative)
σπολῆς (plural vocative)
σπολεῖς (plural vocative)

Ultimately from the same Pre-Greek root of ἄσβολος (ásbolos, “soot”), σποδός (spodós, “ash, ember”) and ψόλος (psólos, “soot”).


ἐγκρίς

ἐγκρίς • (enkrís) f (genitive ἐγκρίδος); third declension

enkrís (romanization)
ἐγκρίδος (genitive)
ἡ ἐγκρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγκρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγκρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγκρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγκρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐγκρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs enkrísi (dative plural)
taîs enkrísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐγκρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγκρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐγκρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐγκρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐγκρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Unknown. Not related to ἐγκεράννυμι (enkeránnumi, “to mix”).

A cake made with oil and honey, similar to the modern loukoumas or doughnut


σιτίον

σῑτῐ́ον • (sītíon) n (genitive σῑτῐ́ου); second declension

σῑτῐ́ον (canonical)
sītíon (romanization)
σῑτῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῑτῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῑτῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῑτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῑτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῑτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῑτῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῑτῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
σῑτῐ́ον (singular vocative)
σῑτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῑτῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

From σῖτος (sîtos, “grain”) + -ῐ́ον (-íon, diminutive suffix).


γάρος

grc-noun

γᾰ́ρος • (gáros) m (genitive γᾰ́ρου); second declension

γᾰ́ρος (canonical)
gáros (romanization)
γᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
γᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
γᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
γᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: garum

Unknown, possibly the name of a fish or a different sauce.

garum, a kind of sauce or paste made of brine and small fish


χαυών

χαυών • (khauṓn) m (genitive χαυῶνος); third declension

khauṓn (romanization)
χαυῶνος (genitive)
ὁ χαυών (nominative singular)
τὼ χαυῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ χαυῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χαυῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χαυώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χαυώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ χαυῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χαυώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χαυῶσῐ (dative plural)
χαυῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khauôsi (dative plural)
toîs khauôsin (dative plural)
τὸν χαυῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χαυῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χαυῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
χαυών (singular vocative)
χαυῶνε (dual vocative)
χαυῶνες (plural vocative)


καρύκη

κᾰρῡ́κη • (karū́kē) f (genitive κᾰρῡ́κης); first declension

κᾰρῡ́κη (canonical)
karū́kē (romanization)
κᾰρῡ́κης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρῡ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰρῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰρῡ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῡ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρῡκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰρῡ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῡ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰρῡ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰρῡ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰρῡ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰρῡ́κη (singular vocative)
κᾰρῡ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰρῦκαι (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Frisk suggested Lydian origin, but the variation points to a Pre-Greek word.


κασία

κᾰσίᾱ • (kasíā) f (genitive κᾰσίᾱς); first declension

κᾰσίᾱ (canonical)
kasíā (romanization)
κᾰσίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰσίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰσίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰσίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰσιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰσίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰσίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰσίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰσίᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰσίᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰσίᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰσίαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cassia

From a Semitic source equalling Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā), Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā), from קְצַע (qṣaʿ, “to cut off”), referencing the manner the tree produce is reaped.

cog

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā)

Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā)


κρίμνον

grc-noun

κρίμνον • (krímnon) n (genitive κρίμνου); second declension

krímnon (romanization)
κρίμνου (genitive)
τὸ κρῐ́μνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́μνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́μνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῐ́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐ́μνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῐ́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́μνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῐ́μνοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρῐ́μνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́μνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́μνᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῐ́μνον (singular vocative)
κρῐ́μνω (dual vocative)
κρῐ́μνᾰ (plural vocative)

Unexplained. The connection with κρῖ (krî, “barley”) and κριθή (krithḗ, “barley”) is formally unwarranted and a derivation from κρίνω (krínō, “to separate”) does not seem preferable.

unk

Unexplained


θύμον

grc-noun

θύμον • (thúmon) n (genitive θύμου); second declension

thúmon (romanization)
θύμου (genitive)
τὸ θῠ́μον (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ θῠ́μον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (accusative plural)
θῠ́μον (singular vocative)
θῠ́μω (dual vocative)
θῠ́μᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: θυμάρι (thymári)

→ Latin: thymum

From θύω (thúō, “to smoke”). Beekes suggests that this is "doubtful" and that "[a]s a local plant name, the word is liable to be of Pre-Greek origin".


κόλλαβος

κόλλαβος • (kóllabos) m (genitive κολλάβου); second declension

kóllabos (romanization)
κολλάβου (genitive)
ὁ κόλλαβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κολλάβω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόλλαβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κολλάβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολλάβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολλάβων (genitive plural)
τῷ κολλάβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολλάβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κολλάβοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόλλαβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κολλάβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κολλάβους (accusative plural)
κόλλαβε (singular vocative)
κολλάβω (dual vocative)
κόλλαβοι (plural vocative)

The ending in "-βος" is found also in κάκκαβος (kákkabos), κάναβος (kánabos) and σίττυβος (síttubos). The noun is probably related to κόλλιξ (kóllix, “type of bread”) and κολλύρα (kollúra, “cake, tablet”). The word is no doubt Pre-Greek.


νάρφη

νάρφη • (nárphē) f (genitive νάρφης); first declension

nárphē (romanization)
νάρφης (genitive)
ἡ νάρφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νάρφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νάρφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νάρφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νάρφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναρφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νάρφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νάρφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νάρφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νάρφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νάρφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νάρφᾱς (accusative plural)
νάρφη (singular vocative)
νάρφᾱ (dual vocative)
νάρφαι (plural vocative)

prepared bread, which is also called μασητρίς (masētrís)


μέλκα

μέλκᾱ • (mélkā) f (genitive μέλκᾱς); first declension

μέλκᾱ (canonical)
mélkā (romanization)
μέλκᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μέλκᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μέλκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μέλκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μέλκᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μέλκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μέλκᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μέλκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μέλκαις (dative plural)
τὴν μέλκᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μέλκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μέλκᾱς (accusative plural)
μέλκᾱ (singular vocative)
μέλκᾱ (dual vocative)
μέλκαι (plural vocative)


παλάθη

παλάθη • (paláthē) f (genitive παλάθης); first declension

paláthē (romanization)
παλάθης (genitive)
ἡ παλάθη (nominative singular)
τὼ παλάθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ παλάθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς παλάθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν παλάθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παλαθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ παλάθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν παλάθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς παλάθαις (dative plural)
τὴν παλάθην (accusative singular)
τὼ παλάθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παλάθᾱς (accusative plural)
παλάθη (singular vocative)
παλάθᾱ (dual vocative)
παλάθαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: palatha

Has often been connected with πλάσσω (plássō, “to knead”), παλάμη (palámē, “flat of the hand”) and πέλανος (pélanos, “dough, pulp”). However, the semantics of this etymology are not compelling. Furnée compares παλάσια (palásia, “harvested figs”), suggesting a Pre-Greek etymology due to the variation “θ/σ”, but this points to Semitic origin, since “fig” is precisely what Amharic / Tigrinya / Tigre / Gurage / Ge'ez በለስ (bäläs) and Arabic بَلَس (balas) mean and that Ethiopic word even translates the Greek in the Bibles.


πόλτος

πόλτος • (póltos) m (genitive πόλτου); second declension

póltos (romanization)
πόλτου (genitive)
ὁ πόλτος (nominative singular)
τὼ πόλτω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόλτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόλτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόλτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόλτων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόλτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόλτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόλτοις (dative plural)
τὸν πόλτον (accusative singular)
τὼ πόλτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόλτους (accusative plural)
πόλτε (singular vocative)
πόλτω (dual vocative)
πόλτοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πολτός (poltós) (accent probably influenced by πελτές)

→ Turkish: pelte

→ Greek: πελτές (peltés)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”), like πάλη (pálē, “fine flour”), πέλανος (pélanos, “thick liquid substance”), Latin puls (“porridge”) and pollen (“flour, powder”). Others have connected this noun with substrate words like παλάθη (paláthē, “cake of conserved fruits”) and πλάθανον (pláthanon, “cake mold”); Latin puls and Proto-Germanic *spiltaz (“spelt”) may be from a related substrate source.


πέλανος

grc-noun

πέλᾰνος • (pélanos) m (genitive πελᾰ́νου); second declension

πέλᾰνος (canonical)
pélanos (romanization)
πελᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ πέλᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ πελᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ πέλᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ πελᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν πέλᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πελᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πελᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
πέλᾰνε (singular vocative)
πελᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
πέλᾰνοι (plural vocative)

The original meaning and etymology are uncertain. If the original meaning was "flat cake", it could be derived from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”). However, Furnée compares πέλαινα (pélaina, “round cake”) and concludes that it is a Pre-Greek word.


ὀρίνδης

grc-noun

ὀρίνδης • (oríndēs) m (genitive ὀρίνδου); first declension

oríndēs (romanization)
ὀρίνδου (genitive)
ὁ ὀρίνδης (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρίνδᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀρίνδαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρίνδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρίνδαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρινδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρίνδῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρίνδαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρίνδαις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀρίνδην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρίνδᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀρίνδᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀρίνδη (singular vocative)
ὀρίνδᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀρίνδαι (plural vocative)

A borrowing from an Eastern Iranian language, like ὄρυζα (óruza, “rice”). See the Iranian forms in Middle Persian blnc (/brinǰ/).


χόριον

χόρῐον • (khórion) n (genitive χορίου); second declension

χόρῐον (canonical)
khórion (romanization)
χορίου (genitive)
τὸ χόρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ χορῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χόρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χορῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χορῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χορῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χορῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χορῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χορῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ χόρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ χορῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χόρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
χόρῐον (singular vocative)
χορῐ́ω (dual vocative)
χόρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: χόριο (chório)

→ Late Latin: chorion (learned)

→ English: chorion (learned)

Uncertain. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-, the same root of χορδή (khordḗ, “guts, intestine”) and Latin hernia (“protruded viscus”). However, Beekes finds this proposal unconvincing.

(in the plural) dish filled with milk and honey, kind of pudding similar to haggis


σάμψουχον

σᾰ́μψουχον • (sámpsoukhon) n (genitive σᾰμψούχου); second declension

σᾰ́μψουχον (canonical)
sámpsoukhon (romanization)
σᾰμψούχου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́μψουχον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰμψούχω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́μψουχᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰμψούχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰμψούχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰμψούχων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰμψούχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰμψούχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰμψούχοις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́μψουχον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰμψούχω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́μψουχᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́μψουχον (singular vocative)
σᾰμψούχω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́μψουχᾰ (plural vocative)

unk

unknown

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


κόρυνθος

grc-noun

κόρῠνθος • (kórunthos) m (genitive κορῠ́νθου); second declension

κόρῠνθος (canonical)
kórunthos (romanization)
κορῠ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ κόρῠνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρῠνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορῠ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῠ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορῠ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορῠ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρῠνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορῠ́νθους (accusative plural)
κόρῠνθε (singular vocative)
κορῠ́νθω (dual vocative)
κόρῠνθοι (plural vocative)


βάλσαμον

βᾰ́λσᾰμον • (bálsamon) n (genitive βᾰλσᾰμου); second declension

βᾰ́λσᾰμον (canonical)
bálsamon (romanization)
βᾰλσᾰμου (genitive)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰλσᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλσᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰλσᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰλσᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λσᾰμον (singular vocative)
βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَيْلَسان (baylasān), بَلَسَان (balasān), بَلْسَم (balsam), بِلْسَام (bilsām), بَشَام (bašām)
→ Amharic: በለሳን (bäläsan)
→ Old Armenian: բալասան (balasan)
→ Middle Armenian: պալասան (palasan)
→ Ge'ez: በለሳን (bäläsan), በልሳን (bälsan), በለሶን (bäläson)
→ Somali: bilsin
→ Tigrinya: በለሳን (bäläsan)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בלזמה, בלסנה

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בלסמון

Classical Syriac: ܒܠܣܡܘܢ, ܒܠܣܝܡܘܢ, ܒܐܠܣܡܘܢ

→ Latin: balsamum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: բաղսամոն (bałsamon)

→ Old Georgian: ბარსაბონი (barsaboni)

Of Semitic origin, borrowed from Hebrew בָּשָׂם (bāśām, “sweet spice, sweet smell”), the consonant sequence in Greek being explained as an attempt of rendering שׂ (ś) sounding back then [ɬ]; the semantic development may later have been attached to Aramaic and Ancient North Arabian.

bor

Arabian balsam tree (Commiphora gileadensis)

balsam, the fragrant oil produced by this tree

Tanacetum balsamita
Tanacetum balsamita#Translingual


φύσκη

grc-noun

φῠ́σκη • (phúskē) f (genitive φῠ́σκης); first declension

φῠ́σκη (canonical)
phúskē (romanization)
φῠ́σκης (genitive)
ἡ φῠ́σκη (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠ́σκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῠ́σκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φῠ́σκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠ́σκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠσκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῠ́σκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠ́σκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῠ́σκαις (dative plural)
τὴν φῠ́σκην (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠ́σκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῠ́σκᾱς (accusative plural)
φῠ́σκη (singular vocative)
φῠ́σκᾱ (dual vocative)
φῠ́σκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: φούσκα (foúska)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: φυσκίον (phuskíon, diminutive)

> Greek: φουσκί (fouskí) (inherited)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فشقی (fışkı), فشكی (fışkı)
Turkish: fışkı, fışgı
→ Armenian: ֆըշխի (fəšxi)

desc

> Pontic Greek: φουσ̌κίν (fouškín), φουσ̌κί (fouškí) (inherited)


πόπανον

grc-noun

πόπᾰνον • (pópanon) n (genitive ποπᾰ́νου); second declension

πόπᾰνον (canonical)
pópanon (romanization)
ποπᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ πόπᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ποπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πόπᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ποπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ πόπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ποπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πόπᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
πόπᾰνον (singular vocative)
ποπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
πόπᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

From πέσσω (péssō, “to ripen; to cook”).


ἄλιξ

ἄλῐξ • (álix) m (genitive ἄλῐκος); third declension

ἄλῐξ (canonical)
álix (romanization)
ἄλῐκος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́λῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λῐκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́λῐκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́λῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́λῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́λῐξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́λῐξῐν (dative plural)
toîs álixi (dative plural)
toîs álixin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́λῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λῐκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓́λῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λῐξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λῐκε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λῐκες (plural vocative)

Latin: alica

Walde derived the word from ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”), but this is unconvincing. The formation is like ἕλιξ (hélix) and χόλιξ (khólix). The nature of the connection with Latin alica (“kind of wheat”) is unknown. According to Beekes, it is a loanword from an unknown language.

unk

unknown language


περίκομμα

grc-noun

περῐκόμμᾰτος

περῐ́κομμᾰ • (períkomma) n (genitive περῐκόμμᾰτος); third declension

περῐ́κομμᾰ (canonical)
períkomma (romanization)
περῐκόμμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ περῐ́κομμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ περῐκόμμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ περῐκόμμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ περῐκόμμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν περῐκομμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περῐκομμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ περῐκόμμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν περῐκομμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς περῐκόμμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
περῐκόμμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs perikómmasi (dative plural)
toîs perikómmasin (dative plural)
τὸ περῐ́κομμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ περῐκόμμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ περῐκόμμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
περῐ́κομμᾰ (singular vocative)
περῐκόμμᾰτε (dual vocative)
περῐκόμμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

περῐκόμμᾰτος

From περικόπτω (perikóptō, “to cut all round, mutilate”) + -μα (-ma).


καρώ

grc-noun

κᾰρώ • (karṓ) f (genitive κᾰροῦς); third declension

κᾰρώ (canonical)
karṓ (romanization)
κᾰροῦς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρώ (nominative singular)
τῆς κᾰροῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ κᾰροῖ (dative singular)
τὴν κᾰρώ (accusative singular)
κᾰροῖ (singular vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: כרבייא

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כַרְוָיָא (karwāyā)

Classical Syriac: ܟܲܪܘܵܝܵܐ (karwāyā), ܟܵܪܘܵܝܵܐ (kārwāyā), ܟܲܪܲܘܵܝܵܐ (karawāyā), ܟܵܪܲܘܵܝܵܐ (kārawāyā)

Frisk derives it from κάρη (kárē, “head”); however, the form in -ώ seems Pre-Greek.


κώμακον

grc-noun

κώμᾰκον • (kṓmakon) n (genitive κωμᾰ́κου); second declension

κώμᾰκον (canonical)
kṓmakon (romanization)
κωμᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ κώμᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ κωμᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κώμᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωμᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κωμᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωμᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ κώμᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κωμᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κώμᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
κώμᾰκον (singular vocative)
κωμᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
κώμᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cōmacum

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


ἰσίκιον

ἰσῐ́κῐον • (isíkion) n (genitive ἰσῐκῐ́ου); second declension

ἰσῐ́κῐον (canonical)
isíkion (romanization)
ἰσῐκῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἰσῐ́κῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰσῐκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἰσῐ́κῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰσῐκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰσῐκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰσῐκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰσῐκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰσῐκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰσῐκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἰσῐ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰσῐκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἰσῐ́κῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἰσῐ́κῐον (singular vocative)
ἰσῐκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἰσῐ́κῐᾰ (plural vocative)

(Koine) isicium, a dish made of mincemeat, probably similar to a meatball or a mincemeat patty


θύος

θῠ́ος • (thúos) n (genitive θῠ́εος); third declension

θῠ́ος (canonical)
thúos (romanization)
θῠ́εος (genitive)
τὸ θῠ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́εε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́εᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́εος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠέων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́εῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́εσῐ (dative plural)
θῠ́εσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thúesi (dative plural)
toîs thúesin (dative plural)
τὸ θῠ́ος (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́εε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́εᾰ (accusative plural)
θῠ́ος (singular vocative)
θῠ́εε (dual vocative)
θῠ́εᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: thūs, tūs
→ Middle Irish: túis
Irish: túis
⇒ Portuguese: turiferar

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).


μελάνθιον

grc-noun

μελᾰ́νθῐον • (melánthion) n (genitive μελᾰνθῐ́ου); second declension

μελᾰ́νθῐον (canonical)
melánthion (romanization)
μελᾰνθῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μελᾰ́νθῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνθῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μελᾰ́νθῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελᾰνθῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνθῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελᾰνθῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μελᾰνθῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνθῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελᾰνθῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μελᾰ́νθῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνθῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μελᾰ́νθῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μελᾰ́νθῐον (singular vocative)
μελᾰνθῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μελᾰ́νθῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From μέλας (mélas, “black”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Nigella sativa
Nigella sativa#Translingual


πύρνον

grc-noun

πῠ́ρνον • (púrnon) n (genitive πῠ́ρνου); second declension

πῠ́ρνον (canonical)
púrnon (romanization)
πῠ́ρνου (genitive)
τὸ πῠ́ρνον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ρνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῠ́ρνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠ́ρνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ρνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠ́ρνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠ́ρνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠ́ρνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠ́ρνοις (dative plural)
τὸ πῠ́ρνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ρνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῠ́ρνᾰ (accusative plural)
πῠ́ρνον (singular vocative)
πῠ́ρνω (dual vocative)
πῠ́ρνᾰ (plural vocative)

From πύρνος (púrnos, “morsel; one-seeded cereal”).

wheaten bread, especially the one with bran on it


παξαμᾶς

πᾰξᾰμᾶς • (paxamâs) m (genitive πᾰξᾰμᾶ); first declension

πᾰξᾰμᾶς (canonical)
paxamâs (romanization)
πᾰξᾰμᾶ (genitive)
ὁ πᾰξᾰμᾶς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰξᾰμᾶ (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰξᾰμαῖ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰξᾰμᾶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰξᾰμαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰξᾰμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰξᾰμᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰξᾰμαῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰξᾰμαῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰξᾰμᾶν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰξᾰμᾶ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰξᾰμᾶς (accusative plural)
πᾰξᾰμᾶ (singular vocative)
πᾰξᾰμᾶ (dual vocative)
πᾰξᾰμαῖ (plural vocative)

⇒ Greek: παξιμάδι (paximádi)

desc

⇒ Classical Syriac: [script needed] (pkswmˀ), [script needed] (pkswmṭyˀ)

From Πάξαμος (Páxamos), the name of a baker.


ὄξος

grc-noun

ὄξος • (óxos) n (genitive ὄξεος); third declension

óxos (romanization)
ὄξεος (genitive)
τὸ ὄξος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄξεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄξεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄξεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄξεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄξεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs óxesi (dative plural)
toîs óxesin (dative plural)
τὸ ὄξος (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄξεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄξος (singular vocative)
ὄξεε (dual vocative)
ὄξεᾰ (plural vocative)

⇒ Greek: ξίδι (xídi)

⇒ Mariupol Greek: ксидъ (ksið)

→ Old East Slavic: уксусъ (uksusŭ)

desctree

Russian: уксус (uksus)
→ Ingrian: uksus
→ Komi-Zyrian: уксус (uksus)

→ Udi: окъо (oq̇o)

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp; sour”), with an analogous formation as ἦδος (êdos, “delight, pleasure”) to ἡδύς (hēdús, “pleasant, sweet”).


μαγίς

grc-noun

μᾰγῐ́ς • (magís) f (genitive μᾰγῐ́δος); third declension

μᾰγῐ́ς (canonical)
magís (romanization)
μᾰγῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ μᾰγῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰγῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰγῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰγῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰγῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰγῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
μᾰγῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs magísi (dative plural)
taîs magísin (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰγῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰγῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
μᾰγῐ́ς (singular vocative)
μᾰγῐ́δε (dual vocative)
μᾰγῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Georgian: მაგიდა (magida)

desctree

→ Latin: magida
French: maie
Italian: madia
Portuguese: malga
Sardinian: màida
Sicilian: majiḍḍa (from an unattested *magidula)

→ Latin: magis

→ Laz: მაგიდა (magida)

→? Ge'ez: ማእድ (maʾədd)
→ Arabic: مَائِدَة (māʔida)
Maltese: mejda
Moroccan Arabic: ميدة (mīda)
→ Azerbaijani: maidə
→ Ottoman Turkish: مائده (maide)
→ Turkish: maide
→ Persian: میده (mayda, “a table covered with viande”)

From μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


κατάχυσμα

grc-noun

καταχύσματος

κατάχυσμα • (katákhusma) n (genitive καταχύσματος); third declension

katákhusma (romanization)
καταχύσματος (genitive)
τὸ κατάχυσμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ καταχύσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καταχύσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καταχύσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν καταχυσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καταχυσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ καταχύσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν καταχυσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καταχύσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
καταχύσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs katakhúsmasi (dative plural)
toîs katakhúsmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κατάχυσμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ καταχύσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καταχύσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κατάχυσμᾰ (singular vocative)
καταχύσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
καταχύσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

καταχύσματος

From καταχέω (katakhéō, “I pour over”) + -μα (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns).

af

something that is poured or showered down:

(in the plural) dried fruits and nuts showered on a bride on her wedding day, or on a new slave upon their arrival


τράγημα

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γημᾰ • (trágēma) n (genitive τρᾰγήμᾰτος); third declension

τρᾰ́γημᾰ (canonical)
trágēma (romanization)
τρᾰγήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ τρᾰ́γημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τρᾰγήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰγήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰγήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰγήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
τρᾰγήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tragḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs tragḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ τρᾰ́γημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τρᾰγήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γημᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
τρᾰγήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: tragēmata

→ Old French: dragie

→ English: dredge

→ French: dragée

From τρώγω (trṓgō, “to gnaw”) + -μα (-ma).

(mostly in the plural) dried fruits or sweetmeats, eaten as dessert


γάθια

head

γάθια • (gáthia)

Unknown. Furnée connects the word with γηθυλλίς (gēthullís, “spring onion”) and ἀγαθίς (agathís, “cake made of sesame”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἀλλαντία (allantía, “sausages”).


τολύπη

grc-noun

τολῠ́πη • (tolúpē) f (genitive τολῠ́πης); first declension

τολῠ́πη (canonical)
tolúpē (romanization)
τολῠ́πης (genitive)
ἡ τολῠ́πη (nominative singular)
τὼ τολῠ́πᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τολῠ́παι (nominative plural)
τῆς τολῠ́πης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τολῠ́παιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τολῠπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τολῠ́πῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τολῠ́παιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τολῠ́παις (dative plural)
τὴν τολῠ́πην (accusative singular)
τὼ τολῠ́πᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τολῠ́πᾱς (accusative plural)
τολῠ́πη (singular vocative)
τολῠ́πᾱ (dual vocative)
τολῠ́παι (plural vocative)

Maurice connects τυλυφάντης (tuluphántēs, “cushion-cover weaver”), assuming influence of κορύνη (korúnē) or τορύνη (torúnē) to account for the vocalism. Furnée compares Luwian [script needed] (taluppi, “clump of dough”). More recently, Melchert suggested a connection with Hittite [script needed] (tarupp, “to gather, collect”), with the rare variant [script needed] (talupp). According to Beekes, the word must belong to the Pre-Greek substrate, which must have spoken in large parts of Anatolia as well.

cog

Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus colocynthis#Translingual


βέκος

grc-noun

βέκος • (békos) n (genitive βέκους or βέκεος); third declension

békos (romanization)
βέκους (genitive)
βέκεος (genitive)
τὸ βέκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βέκει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βέκη (nominative plural)
τοῦ βέκους (genitive singular)
τοῖν βεκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βεκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βέκει (dative singular)
τοῖν βεκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βέκεσῐ (dative plural)
βέκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs békesi (dative plural)
toîs békesin (dative plural)
τὸ βέκος (accusative singular)
τὼ βέκει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βέκη (accusative plural)
βέκος (singular vocative)
βέκει (dual vocative)
βέκη (plural vocative)
τὸ βέκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βέκεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βέκεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βέκεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βεκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βεκέων (genitive plural)
τῷ βέκεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν βεκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βέκεσῐ (dative plural)
βέκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs békesi (dative plural)
toîs békesin (dative plural)
τὸ βέκος (accusative singular)
τὼ βέκεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βέκεᾰ (accusative plural)
βέκος (singular vocative)
βέκεε (dual vocative)
βέκεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Phrygian βεκος (bekos), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g- (“to bake”). Cognate with φώγω (phṓgō, “roast”), Old English bacan (“to bake”).

der

ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἔθνεσι Φρύγες διὰ τὴν παρὰ τοῦ βέκους, οἶμαι, μαρτυρίαν.

117 CE – 181 CE, Aelius Aristides, Orations 2.3

and among peoples the Phrygians, on account, I suppose, of their (word for) bread.

en dè toîs éthnesi Phrúges dià tḕn parà toû békous, oîmai, marturían.


μόλοφθος

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, in view of the suffix -φθ-

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἐγκρυφίας (enkruphías, “loaf baked in the ashes”).


ἐγκρυφίας

grc-noun

ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱς • (enkruphíās) m (genitive ἐγκρῠφῐ́ου); first declension

ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
enkruphíās (romanization)
ἐγκρῠφῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐγκρῠφῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐγκρῠφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρῠφῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκρῠφῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρῠφῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐγκρῠφῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐγκρῠφῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐγκρῠφῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ἔγκρυφος (énkruphos, “hidden, concealed”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).


μνόος

grc-noun

μνόος • (mnóos) m (genitive μνόου); second declension

mnóos (romanization)
μνόου (genitive)
ὁ μνόος (nominative singular)
τὼ μνόω (dual nominative)
οἱ μνόοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μνόου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μνόοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μνόων (genitive plural)
τῷ μνόῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μνόοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μνόοις (dative plural)
τὸν μνόον (accusative singular)
τὼ μνόω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μνόους (accusative plural)
μνόε (singular vocative)
μνόω (dual vocative)
μνόοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. Rhyming word with χνόος (khnóos, “wool, flock; first down”). On the other hand, compare μνίον (mníon, “seaweed”); maybe this word is a cross of these two.


μόσυλον

μόσῠλον • (mósulon) n (genitive μοσῠ́λου); second declension

μόσῠλον (canonical)
mósulon (romanization)
μοσῠ́λου (genitive)
τὸ μόσῠλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μοσῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μόσῠλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μοσῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μοσῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μοσῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ μοσῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μοσῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μοσῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ μόσῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μοσῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μόσῠλᾰ (accusative plural)
μόσῠλον (singular vocative)
μοσῠ́λω (dual vocative)
μόσῠλᾰ (plural vocative)

Has been compared with the personal name Μόσυλοι (Mósuloi).


ἄλφι

From Proto-Hellenic *álpʰi, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰi(t) (“barley”), thus the original meaning may have been “barley-flour”; this word may itself be derived from the root *h₂elbʰ- (“white”). Compare Proto-Albanian *albi (“barley”) (whence modern Albanian elb) and Proto-Iranian *arpacyaH (“barley”).


ἀβυρτάκη

ἀβῠρτᾰ́κη • (aburtákē) f (genitive ἀβῠρτᾰ́κης); first declension

ἀβῠρτᾰ́κη (canonical)
aburtákē (romanization)
ἀβῠρτᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ ἀβῠρτᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀβῠρτᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀβῠρτᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀβῠρτᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀβῠρτᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀβῠρτᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀβῠρτᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀβῠρτᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀβῠρτᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀβῠρτᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀβῠρτᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀβῠρτᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀβῠρτᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
ἀβῠρτᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀβῠρτᾰ́και (plural vocative)

Probably from Old Persian, because Theopompus wrote that this sauce was made in Media.

sour sauce of leeks, cress and pomegranate seeds


ἀγαθίς

ἀγᾰθῐ́ς • (agathís) f (genitive ἀγᾰθῐ́δος); third declension

ἀγᾰθῐ́ς (canonical)
agathís (romanization)
ἀγᾰθῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἀγᾰθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγᾰθῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγᾰθῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγᾰθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγᾰθῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγᾰθῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγᾰθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγᾰθῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγᾰθῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀγᾰθῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs agathísi (dative plural)
taîs agathísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγᾰθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγᾰθῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγᾰθῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀγᾰθῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀγᾰθῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἀγᾰθῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Belardi compared γάθια (gáthia, “sausages”); if this is correct, then the word would be Pre-Greek, because of the prothetic vowel.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: σησᾰμῐ́ς (sēsamís, “mixture of sesame seeds, roasted and pounded with honey”).


ἀλφηστής

ἀλφηστής • (alphēstḗs) m (genitive -ου); first declension

Two possible etymologies have been given. Traditionally it was interpreted as a derivative of ἀλφάνω (alphánō, “to produce, to earn”), therefore meaning “industrious”. After the 19th century another interpretation has been given, translating it as “bread eater”, and deriving it from ἄλφι (álphi, “flour”), with the addition of a suffix that means “to eat”.


ἄννησον

ἄννησον • (ánnēson) n (genitive ἀννήσου); second declension

ánnēson (romanization)
ἀννήσου (genitive)
τὸ ἄννησον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀννήσω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄννησᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀννήσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀννήσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀννήσων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀννήσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀννήσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀννήσοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄννησον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀννήσω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄννησᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄννησον (singular vocative)
ἀννήσω (dual vocative)
ἄννησᾰ (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Egyptian jnst (“a medicinal plant, possibly anise”). However, according to Beekes, the variation ν/νν, the intervocalic -σ- and the connection to ἄνηθον (ánēthon, “dill”) prove Pre-Greek origin.

bor

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


ὀξύγαρον

grc-noun

ὀξῠ́γᾰρον • (oxúgaron) n (genitive ὀξῠγᾰ́ρου); second declension

ὀξῠ́γᾰρον (canonical)
oxúgaron (romanization)
ὀξῠγᾰ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ ὀξῠ́γᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠγᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠ́γᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀξῠγᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠγᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξῠγᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀξῠγᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠγᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀξῠγᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀξῠ́γᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠγᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠ́γᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀξῠ́γᾰρον (singular vocative)
ὀξῠγᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
ὀξῠ́γᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + γάρος (gáros, “garum”).


γάλαγγα

γᾰ́λᾰγγα (canonical)
gálanga (romanization)

A loanword from Arabic خَلَنْجَان (ḵalanjān), from Persian قولنجان (qulenjân, qulanjân), from Sanskrit कुलञ्जन (kulañjana), perhaps from Chinese 高良薑／高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng), from 高涼／高凉 (Gāoliáng) (a prefecture or county in China) + 薑／姜 (jiāng, “ginger”).


στακτή

grc-noun

στᾰκτή • (staktḗ) f (genitive στᾰκτῆς); first declension

στᾰκτή (canonical)
staktḗ (romanization)
στᾰκτῆς (genitive)
ἡ στᾰκτή (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰκτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ στᾰκταί (nominative plural)
τῆς στᾰκτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰκταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στᾰκτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰκταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στᾰκταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν στᾰκτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰκτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στᾰκτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
στᾰκτή (singular vocative)
στᾰκτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
στᾰκταί (plural vocative)

From στᾰ́ζω (stázō, “to drip”) + -ή (-ḗ).


τάργανον

τᾰ́ργᾰνον • (tárganon) n (genitive τᾰργᾰ́νου); second declension

τᾰ́ργᾰνον (canonical)
tárganon (romanization)
τᾰργᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τᾰργᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ τᾰργᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τᾰργᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
τᾰ́ργᾰνον (singular vocative)
τᾰργᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

τᾰργᾰνόομαι (targanóomai)

Not well explained. Traditionally compared with στεργάνος (stergános, “place for dung”) and τρύξ (trúx, “lees of wine, dregs”). The difference in final velar makes comparison with the group of Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”) (like Latin torqueō (“I twist, wind”) and Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)) impossible. Expression for "turn" are often applied to drinks that have turned sour (compare τροπίας (tropías, “sour wine”)). Semantically, one may compare Dutch wrang (“astringent, tart”), to Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (wruggō, “snare”). According to Beekes, the variation τ/σ shows that the word is Pre-Greek.


ἄρτυμα

ἄρτῡμᾰ • (ártūma) n (genitive ἀρτῡ́μᾰτος); third declension

ἄρτῡμᾰ (canonical)
ártūma (romanization)
ἀρτῡ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἄρτῡμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρτῡμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρτῡμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρτῡμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρτῡ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀρτῡ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs artū́masi (dative plural)
toîs artū́masin (dative plural)
τὸ ἄρτῡμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρτῡ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄρτῡμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρτῡ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀρτῡ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άρτυμα (ártyma)

From ἀρτύω (artúō, “to dress, season”) + -μα (-ma).


θρῖον

grc-noun

θρῖον • (thrîon) n (genitive θρῑ́ου); second declension

thrîon (romanization)
θρῑ́ου (genitive)
τὸ θρῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ θρῑ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θρῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρῑ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρῑ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρῑ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρῑ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρῑ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρῑ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ θρῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρῑ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θρῖᾰ (accusative plural)
θρῖον (singular vocative)
θρῑ́ω (dual vocative)
θρῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from τρίς (trís, “three”), because of the three lobes of the figleaf. According to Beekes, it is a Mediterranean word and compares the word with θρινία (thrinía, “vine in Crete”). Perhaps from Pre-Greek and related to θρίαμβος (thríambos, “thriambus”), θρίδαξ (thrídax, “lettuce”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “trident”).

mixture of eggs, milk, lard, honey, cheese wrapped in figleaves


μάγλα

kind of spice mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


ἦδος

ἦδος • (êdos) n (genitive ἤδεος); third declension

êdos (romanization)
ἤδεος (genitive)
τὸ ἦδος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤδεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤδεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤδεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠδέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠδέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤδεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠδέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤδεσῐ (dative plural)
ἤδεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ḗdesi (dative plural)
toîs ḗdesin (dative plural)
τὸ ἦδος (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤδεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤδεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦδος (singular vocative)
ἤδεε (dual vocative)
ἤδεᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἡδύς (hēdús, “sweet”) + -ος (-os). Apparently originally an Aeolic form due to the loss of /h/.


σίλβη

head

σίλβη • (sílbē)

Neumann cautiously compared the word with Hittite [script needed] (šiluḫa, “kind of cake”), which is not possible phonologically; thus he later identified the immediate source in Luwian [script needed] (šiluwa, “kind of cake”). If cognate, it could be a loanword from Anatolian or from Pre-Greek. Yet the -β- is difficult to reconcile with the Hittite form. Since it is a gloss from Hesychius, we cannot be sure whether we are dealing with a loanword or with a transcription of a local word.

cog

Hesychius' gives the definition as: cake made of barley, sesame and poppyseeds.


φυλλίς

grc-noun

φῠλλῐ́ς • (phullís) f (genitive φῠλλῐ́δος); third declension

φῠλλῐ́ς (canonical)
phullís (romanization)
φῠλλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ φῠλλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠλλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ φῠλλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς φῠλλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠλλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠλλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ φῠλλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠλλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῠλλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
φῠλλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs phullísi (dative plural)
taîs phullísin (dative plural)
τὴν φῠλλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠλλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῠλλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
φῠλλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
φῠλλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
φῠλλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

From φῠ́λλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

salad, a food made of a mixture of vegetables


ἀρηβώς

ἀρηβώς • (arēbṓs) f (genitive ἀρηβῶ); second declension

arēbṓs (romanization)
ἀρηβῶ (genitive)
ἡ ἀρηβώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρηβώ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀρηβῴ (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀρηβώ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρηβῴν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρηβών (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀρηβῴ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρηβῴν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀρηβῴς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀρηβώ (accusative singular)
ἀρηβών (accusative singular)
tḕn arēbṓ (accusative singular)
tḕn arēbṓn (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρηβώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀρηβώς (accusative plural)
ἀρηβώς (singular vocative)
ἀρηβώ (dual vocative)
ἀρηβῴ (plural vocative)

kind of cassia mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


γαλάκτιον

γᾰλᾰ́κτῐον • (galáktion) n (genitive γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ου); second declension

γᾰλᾰ́κτῐον (canonical)
galáktion (romanization)
γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ γᾰλᾰ́κτῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰλᾰ́κτῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰκτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰκτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλᾰκτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰλᾰ́κτῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰλᾰ́κτῐᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰλᾰ́κτῐον (singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰκτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
γᾰλᾰ́κτῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From γάλα (gála, “milk”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

(in the plural) fancy bread made with milk


πυρίτης

grc-noun

πῠρῑ́της • (purī́tēs) m (genitive πῠρῑ́του); first declension

πῠρῑ́της (canonical)
purī́tēs (romanization)
πῠρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ πῠρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν πῠρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
πῠρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
πῠρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
πῠρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pyrītēs

→ English: pyrite

→ Italian: pirite

From πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).

af

(mineralogy) copper pyrites, a mineral which strikes fire


μίμαρκυς

grc-noun

μῐ́μᾰρκῠς • (mímarkus) f (genitive μῐμᾰ́ρκῠος); third declension

μῐ́μᾰρκῠς (canonical)
mímarkus (romanization)
μῐμᾰ́ρκῠος (genitive)
ἡ μῐ́μᾰρκῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐμᾰ́ρκῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ μῐμᾰ́ρκῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς μῐμᾰ́ρκῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐμᾰρκῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐμᾰρκῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ μῐμᾰ́ρκῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
μῐμᾰ́ρκυι (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐμᾰρκῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῐμᾰ́ρκῠσῐ (dative plural)
μῐμᾰ́ρκῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs mimárkusi (dative plural)
taîs mimárkusin (dative plural)
τὴν μῐ́μᾰρκῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐμᾰ́ρκῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῐμᾰ́ρκῡς (accusative plural)
μῐμᾰ́ρκῠᾰς (accusative plural)
μῐ́μᾰρκῠ (singular vocative)
μῐμᾰ́ρκῠε (dual vocative)
μῐμᾰ́ρκῠες (plural vocative)

This word seems to display reduplication. A tempting similarity exists with a synonymous Germanic word: compare Old English mearh (“sausage”), Old Norse mǫrr (“the fat inside a slaughtered animal”) and Norwegian Nynorsk mòr (“kind of Norwegian sausage”). If related, it would have to be a very old anatomical expression of cattle-breeders, which is unlikely.
According to Neumann, this word is a loan from Hittite or another Anatolian language, while Furnée suggests a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the reduplication.
Unrelated are Latin murcus (“maimed”) and Hittite [script needed] (mark-, “to cut apart”).

cog

hare-soup or jugged hare, with the blood of the animal in it


καρυόφυλλον

grc-noun

κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου

κᾰρῠόφῠλλον • (karuóphullon) n (genitive κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου); second declension

κᾰρῠόφῠλλον (canonical)
karuóphullon (romanization)
κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰρῠόφῠλλον (singular vocative)
κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: калофер (kalofer)

→ Romanian: calomfir

→ Latin: caryophyllus

→ Translingual: Caryophyllus

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܪܦܠܢ, ܩܪܦܠܘܢ

By surface κάρυον (káruon, “nut”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”), but due to the meaning and similar terms of this meaning this is evidently an adaptation of a Semitic term from an Indian language, see Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

af

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


ἐλατήρ

grc-noun

ἐλᾰτήρ • (elatḗr) m (genitive ἐλᾰτῆρος); third declension

ἐλᾰτήρ (canonical)
elatḗr (romanization)
ἐλᾰτῆρος (genitive)
ὁ ἐλᾰτήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰτῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐλᾰτῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλᾰτῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰτήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλᾰτήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλᾰτῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰτήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλᾰτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
ἐλᾰτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs elatêrsi (dative plural)
toîs elatêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἐλᾰτῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰτῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλᾰτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐλᾰτήρ (singular vocative)
ἐλᾰτῆρε (dual vocative)
ἐλᾰτῆρες (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: elatēr (learned)

→ English: elater (learned)

From ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive, set in motion”) + -τήρ (-tḗr).


γαρέλαιον

grc-noun

γᾰρέλαιον • (garélaion) n (genitive γᾰρελαίου); second declension

γᾰρέλαιον (canonical)
garélaion (romanization)
γᾰρελαίου (genitive)
τὸ γᾰρέλαιον (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰρελαίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰρέλαιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰρελαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰρελαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰρελαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰρελαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰρελαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰρελαίοις (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰρέλαιον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰρελαίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰρέλαιᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰρέλαιον (singular vocative)
γᾰρελαίω (dual vocative)
γᾰρέλαιᾰ (plural vocative)

From γάρος (gáros, “fish sauce”) + ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil”).


ὀξάλμη

grc-noun

ὀξᾰ́λμη • (oxálmē) f (genitive ὀξᾰ́λμης); first declension

ὀξᾰ́λμη (canonical)
oxálmē (romanization)
ὀξᾰ́λμης (genitive)
ἡ ὀξᾰ́λμη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξᾰ́λμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξᾰ́λμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξᾰ́λμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξᾰ́λμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξᾰλμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξᾰ́λμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξᾰ́λμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξᾰ́λμαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξᾰ́λμην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξᾰ́λμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξᾰ́λμᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀξᾰ́λμη (singular vocative)
ὀξᾰ́λμᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀξᾰ́λμαι (plural vocative)

From ὄξος (óxos, “vinegar”) + ἅλμη (hálmē, “brine”).


ἀσύφη

grc-noun

ἀσῠ́φη • (asúphē) f (genitive ἀσῠ́φης); first declension

ἀσῠ́φη (canonical)
asúphē (romanization)
ἀσῠ́φης (genitive)
ἡ ἀσῠ́φη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσῠ́φᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀσῠ́φαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀσῠ́φης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσῠ́φαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσῠφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀσῠ́φῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσῠ́φαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀσῠ́φαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀσῠ́φην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσῠ́φᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀσῠ́φᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀσῠ́φη (singular vocative)
ἀσῠ́φᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀσῠ́φαι (plural vocative)

Unknown loanword, but probably of Semitic origin.


χρυσοκόλλα

χρῡσοκόλλᾰ • (khrūsokólla) f (genitive χρῡσοκόλλης); first declension

χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (canonical)
khrūsokólla (romanization)
χρῡσοκόλλης (genitive)
ἡ χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χρῡσοκόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χρῡσοκόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσοκολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χρῡσοκόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρῡσοκόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν χρῡσοκόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρῡσοκόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοκόλλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: chrysocolla

→ Finnish: krysokolla

→ Italian: crisocolla

From χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

compound

gold solder, malachite, basic copper carbonate


λέκιθος

grc-noun

λέκῐθος • (lékithos) m or f (genitive λεκῐ́θου); second declension

λέκῐθος (canonical)
lékithos (romanization)
λεκῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λέκῐθος (nominative singular)
τὼ λεκῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λέκῐθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λεκῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεκῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεκῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λεκῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεκῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λεκῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λέκῐθον (accusative singular)
τὼ λεκῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λεκῐ́θους (accusative plural)
λέκῐθε (singular vocative)
λεκῐ́θω (dual vocative)
λέκῐθοι (plural vocative)

→⇒ French: lécithine (see there for further descendants)

Because of the suffix and the meaning, the word is clearly Pre-Greek.


κολλύρα

κολλῡ́ρᾱ • (kollū́rā) f (genitive κολλῡ́ρᾱς); first declension

κολλῡ́ρᾱ (canonical)
kollū́rā (romanization)
κολλῡ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κολλῡ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κολλῡ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κολλῦραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κολλῡ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολλῡ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολλῡρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κολλῡ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολλῡ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κολλῡ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν κολλῡ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κολλῡ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κολλῡ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
κολλῡ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
κολλῡ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
κολλῦραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: collȳra

Sicilian: cuḍḍura

Like other words in -ῡρᾱ, probably Pre-Greek. If the variation ῡ/ου is old, this also points to Pre-Greek origin.


περίδειπνον

περῐ́δειπνον

περῐ́δειπνον • (perídeipnon) n (genitive περῐδείπνου); second declension

περῐ́δειπνον (canonical)
perídeipnon (romanization)
περῐδείπνου (genitive)
τὸ περῐ́δειπνον (nominative singular)
τὼ περῐδείπνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ περῐ́δειπνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ περῐδείπνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν περῐδείπνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περῐδείπνων (genitive plural)
τῷ περῐδείπνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν περῐδείπνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς περῐδείπνοις (dative plural)
τὸ περῐ́δειπνον (accusative singular)
τὼ περῐδείπνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ περῐ́δειπνᾰ (accusative plural)
περῐ́δειπνον (singular vocative)
περῐδείπνω (dual vocative)
περῐ́δειπνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

περῐ́δειπνον

From περῐ- (peri-, around) + δεῖπνον (deîpnon, “meal”).


ἀμόργη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓μόργη • (amórgē) f (genitive ᾰ̓μόργης); first declension

ᾰ̓μόργη (canonical)
amórgē (romanization)
ᾰ̓μόργης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μόργη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μόργᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μόργαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μόργης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μόργαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μοργῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μόργῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μόργαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μόργαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μόργην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μόργᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μόργᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μόργη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μόργᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μόργαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μούργα (moúrga)

→ Latin: amurca (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Phoenician with its definitive article equivalent to Arabic مَرَقَة (maraqa), see it for more.

watery part which runs out when olives are pressed, amurca


σχινέλαιον

σχῑνέλαιον • (skhīnélaion) n (genitive σχῑνελαίου); second declension

σχῑνέλαιον (canonical)
skhīnélaion (romanization)
σχῑνελαίου (genitive)
τὸ σχῑνέλαιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σχῑνελαίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σχῑνέλαιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σχῑνελαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχῑνελαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχῑνελαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σχῑνελαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχῑνελαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σχῑνελαίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σχῑνέλαιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σχῑνελαίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σχῑνέλαιᾰ (accusative plural)
σχῑνέλαιον (singular vocative)
σχῑνελαίω (dual vocative)
σχῑνέλαιᾰ (plural vocative)

From σχῖνος (skhînos, “lentisk”) + ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil”).

af

mastich oil, made from the berries of the lentisk


τύβαρις

grc-noun

τῠ́βᾰρῐς • (túbaris) m (genitive τῠβᾰ́ρῐος); third declension

τῠ́βᾰρῐς (canonical)
túbaris (romanization)
τῠβᾰ́ρῐος (genitive)
ὁ τῠ́βᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τῠβᾰ́ρῐε (dual nominative)
οἱ τῠβᾰ́ρῐες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῠβᾰ́ρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῠβᾰρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῠβᾰρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῠβᾰ́ρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῠβᾰρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῠβᾰ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
τῠβᾰ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tubárisi (dative plural)
toîs tubárisin (dative plural)
τὸν τῠ́βᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τῠβᾰ́ρῐε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῠβᾰ́ρῑς (accusative plural)
τῠβᾰ́ρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
τῠ́βᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
τῠβᾰ́ρῐε (dual vocative)
τῠβᾰ́ρῐες (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Neumann argues against a connection with the toponym Σύβαρις (Súbaris) and instead, hesitantly, proposes to connect the word with Luwian [script needed] (tuwarsa, “vine”), whence also θύρσος (thúrsos, “thyrsus”). However, Furnée remains sceptical.

unk

Unexplained

cog

kind of Dorian salad, celery pickled in vinegar


γρούτη

grc-noun

γρούτη • (groútē) f (genitive γρούτης); first declension

groútē (romanization)
γρούτης (genitive)
ἡ γρούτη (nominative singular)
τὼ γρούτᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γροῦται (nominative plural)
τῆς γρούτης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γρούταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γρουτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γρούτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γρούταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γρούταις (dative plural)
τὴν γρούτην (accusative singular)
τὼ γρούτᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γρούτᾱς (accusative plural)
γρούτη (singular vocative)
γρούτᾱ (dual vocative)
γροῦται (plural vocative)

Ultimately related to Latin grutum (“flour, meal”) and Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“ground material; grit”).


μοτώ

grc-noun

μοτώ • (motṓ) f (genitive μοτοῦς); third declension

motṓ (romanization)
μοτοῦς (genitive)
ἡ μοτώ (nominative singular)
τῆς μοτοῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ μοτοῖ (dative singular)
τὴν μοτώ (accusative singular)
μοτοῖ (singular vocative)

variety of cinnamon mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


πυραμοῦς

πῡρᾰμοῦς • (pūramoûs) m (genitive πῡρᾰμοῦντος); third declension

πῡρᾰμοῦς (canonical)
pūramoûs (romanization)
πῡρᾰμοῦντος (genitive)
ὁ πῡρᾰμοῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῡρᾰμοῦντε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῡρᾰμοῦντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῡρᾰμοῦντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῡρᾰμούντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῡρᾰμούντων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῡρᾰμοῦντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῡρᾰμούντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῡρᾰμοῦσῐ (dative plural)
πῡρᾰμοῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pūramoûsi (dative plural)
toîs pūramoûsin (dative plural)
τὸν πῡρᾰμοῦντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῡρᾰμοῦντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῡρᾰμοῦντᾰς (accusative plural)
πῡρᾰμοῦν (singular vocative)
πῡρᾰμοῦντε (dual vocative)
πῡρᾰμοῦντες (plural vocative)

From πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + -οῦς (-oûs, -ful), reshaped after σησαμίς (sēsamís, “mixture of sesame seeds”).


σχελίς

grc-noun

σχελῐ́ς • (skhelís) f (genitive σχελῐ́δος); third declension

σχελῐ́ς (canonical)
skhelís (romanization)
σχελῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ σχελῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ σχελῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ σχελῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς σχελῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχελῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχελῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σχελῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχελῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχελῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
σχελῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs skhelísi (dative plural)
taîs skhelísin (dative plural)
τὴν σχελῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σχελῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχελῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
σχελῐ́ς (singular vocative)
σχελῐ́δε (dual vocative)
σχελῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: σκελίδα (skelída)

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in paraphrase):
"Generally taken as from σκέλος (skélos, “leg”), which is not impossible semantically, but certainly incorrect given the variant form, which points to Pre-Greek origin."


ἐλαιόγαρον

ἐλαιόγᾰρον • (elaiógaron) n (genitive ἐλαιογᾰ́ρου); second declension

ἐλαιόγᾰρον (canonical)
elaiógaron (romanization)
ἐλαιογᾰ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ ἐλαιόγᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλαιογᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐλαιόγᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλαιογᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλαιογᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλαιογᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλαιογᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλαιογᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλαιογᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐλαιόγᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλαιογᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐλαιόγᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐλαιόγᾰρον (singular vocative)
ἐλαιογᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
ἐλαιόγᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil”) + γάρος (gáros, “garum”).


βήρηξ

grc-noun

βήρηξ • (bḗrēx) m (genitive βήρηκος); third declension

bḗrēx (romanization)
βήρηκος (genitive)
ὁ βήρηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βήρηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ βήρηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βήρηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηρήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηρήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βήρηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηρήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βήρηξῐ (dative plural)
βήρηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bḗrēxi (dative plural)
toîs bḗrēxin (dative plural)
τὸν βήρηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βήρηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βήρηκᾰς (accusative plural)
βήρηξ (singular vocative)
βήρηκε (dual vocative)
βήρηκες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, it is a typical Pre-Greek word, given the suffix -ακ- and the variation β/π.


ὀξυπέπερι

ὀξῠπέπερῐ • (oxupéperi) n (genitive ὀξῠπεπέρεως); third declension

ὀξῠπέπερῐ (canonical)
oxupéperi (romanization)
ὀξῠπεπέρεως (genitive)
τὸ ὀξῠπέπερῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠπεπέρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠπεπέρη (nominative plural)
ὀξῠπεπέρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀξῠπεπέρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠπεπερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξῠπεπέρεων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀξῠπεπέρει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠπεπερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀξῠπεπέρεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀξῠπεπέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oxupepéresi (dative plural)
toîs oxupepéresin (dative plural)
τὸ ὀξῠπέπερῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠπεπέρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠπεπέρη (accusative plural)
ὀξῠπεπέρεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀξῠπέπερῐ (singular vocative)
ὀξῠπεπέρει (dual vocative)
ὀξῠπεπέρη (plural vocative)
ὀξῠπεπέρεᾰ (plural vocative)

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp, acid”) + πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”).


φυστή

grc-noun

φυστή • (phustḗ) f (genitive φυστῆς); first declension

phustḗ (romanization)
φυστῆς (genitive)
ἡ φυστή (nominative singular)
τὼ φυστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ φυσταί (nominative plural)
τῆς φυστῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φυσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φυστῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φυστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν φυσταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φυσταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν φυστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ φυστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φυστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
φυστή (singular vocative)
φυστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
φυσταί (plural vocative)

From φῦσα (phûsa, “wind, bellows”) + -τός (-tós). See φῦσα for more cognates, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pus- (“to blow, swell”), imitative of the sound of dough rising and blowing during baking.

der

φυστή (μᾶζα) ― phustḗ (mâza) ― puffy barley cake

φυστὴ ἐνὶ γρώνῃ μασσομένη παλάμαις

3rd century BCE, Leonidas of Tarentum, chapter 736, in Greek Anthology, Book VII:

light barley cake kneaded in a trough by hands

a light pastry, type of barley cake whereof the dough has been kneaded only lightly


ἄλειαρ

grc-noun

ἄλειαρ • (áleiar) n (genitive ἀλείατος); third declension

áleiar (romanization)
ἀλείατος (genitive)
τὸ ἄλειᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλείᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀλείᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλείᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλειᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλειᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλείᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλειᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλείᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλείᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aleíasi (dative plural)
toîs aleíasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλειᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλείᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀλείᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλειᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἀλείᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀλείᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Related ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”), with the alternative form ἄλεαρ (álear) from earlier ἄλεϝαρ (álewar) showing the connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leh₁wr̥, whence also Old Armenian ալիւր (aliwr, “flour”).

δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπεῤῥώοντο γυναῖκες ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν

wheat-groats, coarse wheaten flour, wheatmeal


κοτυλίσκος

κοτῠλῐ́σκος • (kotulískos) m (genitive κοτῠλῐ́σκου); second declension

κοτῠλῐ́σκος (canonical)
kotulískos (romanization)
κοτῠλῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ κοτῠλῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῠλῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ κοτῠλῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοτῠλῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῠλῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῠλῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοτῠλῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῠλῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοτῠλῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν κοτῠλῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῠλῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοτῠλῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
κοτῠλῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
κοτῠλῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
κοτῠλῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

From κοτῠ́λη (kotúlē, “vessel, cup”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos, diminutive suffix).


ματτύη

grc-noun

μᾰττῠ́η • (mattúē) f (genitive μᾰττῠ́ης); first declension

μᾰττῠ́η (canonical)
mattúē (romanization)
μᾰττῠ́ης (genitive)
ἡ μᾰττῠ́η (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰττῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰττῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰττῠ́ης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰττῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰττῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰττῠ́ῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰττῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰττῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰττῠ́ην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰττῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰττῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰττῠ́η (singular vocative)
μᾰττῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰττῠ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: mattea

Originally analyzed as a derivative of μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), but according to Beekes the α- vocalism in the root and the presence of a double -ττ- rather point to a Pre-Greek origin.

Macedonian or Thessalian dish made of hashed meat, poultry and herbs, and served cold as a dessert


παστά

παστά • (pastá) n pl (genitive παστῶν); second declension

pastá (romanization)
παστῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ παστᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν παστῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς παστοῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ παστᾰ́ (accusative plural)
παστᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Late Latin: pasta (see there for further descendants)

Neuter plural of παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt”).


ἐδωδή

ἐδωδή • (edōdḗ) f (genitive ἐδωδῆς); first declension

edōdḗ (romanization)
ἐδωδῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἐδωδή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐδωδᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐδωδαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐδωδῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐδωδαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐδωδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐδωδῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐδωδαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐδωδαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἐδωδήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐδωδᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐδωδᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἐδωδή (singular vocative)
ἐδωδᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἐδωδαί (plural vocative)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.504


πλακοῦς

πλᾰκοῦς • (plakoûs) m (genitive πλᾰκοῦντος); third declension

πλᾰκοῦς (canonical)
plakoûs (romanization)
πλᾰκοῦντος (genitive)
ὁ πλᾰκοῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰκοῦντε (dual nominative)
οἱ πλᾰκοῦντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰκοῦντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰκούντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰκούντων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰκοῦντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰκούντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰκοῦσῐ (dative plural)
πλᾰκοῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs plakoûsi (dative plural)
toîs plakoûsin (dative plural)
τὸν πλᾰκοῦντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰκοῦντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλᾰκοῦντᾰς (accusative plural)
πλᾰκοῦν (singular vocative)
πλᾰκοῦντε (dual vocative)
πλᾰκοῦντες (plural vocative)

Greek: πλακούντας (plakoúntas)

→ English: plakous

→ Latin: placenta (see there for further descendants)

Substantivization and contraction of πλακόεις (plakóeis, “flat”).