διάρροια

grc-noun

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ • (dĭắrrhoiă) f (genitive δῐᾰρροίᾱς); first declension

δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (canonical)
dĭắrrhoiă (romanization)
δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰρροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῐᾰρροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰρροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῐᾰρροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰρροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῐᾰρροίᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰρροίᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́ρροιαι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάρροια (diárroia)

Latin: diarrhoea

affix

δῐᾰρρέω (dĭărrhéō) + -ιᾰ (-iă)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 3.21

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 150

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 85e

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 605a.27

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 30

(medicine, once fully as κοιλίας διάρροια) flowing through, diarrhoea


κόπρος

grc-noun

κόπρος • (kópros) f (genitive κόπρου); second declension

kópros (romanization)
κόπρου (genitive)
ἡ κόπρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόπρω (dual nominative)
αἱ κόπροι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόπρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόπροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόπρων (genitive plural)
τῇ κόπρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόπροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόπροις (dative plural)
τὴν κόπρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόπρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόπρους (accusative plural)
κόπρε (singular vocative)
κόπρω (dual vocative)
κόπροι (plural vocative)

→ English: copro-

Greek: κόπρος (kópros)

→ Italian: copro-

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-ro-s, thematicized from *ḱókʷr̥ (“excrement”). Cognates include Old Irish cechar (“quagmire, slough, bog”), Sanskrit शकृत् (śakṛt, “dung”), and Lithuanian šiknà (“arse”), šìkti (“defecate”).

cog

καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ, ἥ ῥα κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο μεγάλ’ ἤλιθα πολλή·

8th c. BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 9.329–330 (transl. A.T. Murray)

Then I laid it carefully away, hiding it beneath the dung, which lay in great heaps throughout the cave.

kaì tò mèn eû katéthēka katakrúpsas hupò kóprōi, hḗ rha katà speíous kékhuto megál’ ḗlitha pollḗ;


χέζω

grc-verb

χέζω • (khézō)

khézō (romanization)
χέζω (active first-person indicative singular)
χέζεις (active indicative second-person singular)
χέζει (active indicative singular third-person)
χέζετον (active dual indicative second-person)
χέζετον (active dual indicative third-person)
χέζομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
χέζετε (active indicative plural second-person)
χέζουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
χέζουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
χέζω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
χέζῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
χέζῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
χέζητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
χέζητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
χέζωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
χέζητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
χέζωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέζωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέζοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
χέζοις (active optative second-person singular)
χέζοι (active optative singular third-person)
χέζοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
χεζοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
χέζοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
χέζοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
χέζοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
χέζε (active imperative second-person singular)
χεζέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
χέζετον (active dual imperative second-person)
χεζέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
χέζετε (active imperative plural second-person)
χεζόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
χέζομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
χέζῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
χέζει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
χέζεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
χέζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
χέζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
χεζόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
χέζεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
χέζονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
χέζωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
χέζῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
χέζηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
χέζησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
χέζησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
χεζώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
χέζησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
χέζωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
χεζοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
χέζοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
χέζοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
χέζοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
χεζοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
χεζοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
χέζοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
χέζοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
χέζου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
χεζέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
χέζεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
χεζέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
χέζεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
χεζέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
χέζειν (active infinitive)
χέζεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
χέζων (active masculine participle)
χεζόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
χέζουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
χεζομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
χέζον (active neuter participle)
χεζόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔχεζον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔχεζες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔχεζε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔχεζεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐχέζετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐχεζέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐχέζομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐχέζετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔχεζον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐχεζόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐχέζου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐχέζετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐχέζεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐχεζέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐχεζόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐχέζεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐχέζοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
χέσω (active first-person indicative singular)
χέσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
χέσει (active indicative singular third-person)
χέσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
χέσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
χέσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
χέσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
χέσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
χέσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
χέσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
χέσοις (active optative second-person singular)
χέσοι (active optative singular third-person)
χέσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
χεσοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
χέσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
χέσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
χέσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
χέσομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
χέσῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
χέσει (indicative middle second-person singular)
χέσεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
χέσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
χέσεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
χεσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
χέσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
χέσονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
χεσοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
χέσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
χέσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
χέσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
χεσοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
χεσοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
χέσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
χέσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
χέσειν (active infinitive)
χέσεσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
χέσων (active masculine participle)
χεσόμενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
χέσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
χεσομένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
χέσον (active neuter participle)
χεσόμενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἔχεσᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔχεσᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔχεσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔχεσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐχέσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐχεσᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐχέσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐχέσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔχεσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
χέσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
χέσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
χέσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
χέσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
χέσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
χέσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
χέσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
χέσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
χέσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
χέσαις (active optative second-person singular)
χέσειε (active optative singular third-person)
χέσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
χέσαι (active optative singular third-person)
χέσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
χεσαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
χέσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
χέσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
χέσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
χέσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
χέσον (active imperative second-person singular)
χεσᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
χέσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
χεσᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
χέσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
χεσᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐχεσᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐχέσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐχέσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐχέσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐχεσᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐχεσᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐχέσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐχέσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
χέσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
χέσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
χέσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
χέσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
χέσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
χεσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
χέσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
χέσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
χεσαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
χέσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
χέσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
χέσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
χεσαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
χεσαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
χέσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
χέσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
χέσαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
χεσᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
χέσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
χεσᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
χέσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
χεσᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
χέσαι (active infinitive)
χέσᾰσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
χέσᾱς (active masculine participle)
χεσᾰ́μενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
χέσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
χεσᾰμένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
χέσᾰν (active neuter participle)
χεσᾰ́μενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἔχεσον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔχεσες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔχεσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔχεσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐχέσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐχεσέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐχέσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐχέσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔχεσον (active indicative plural third-person)
χέσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
χέσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
χέσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
χέσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
χέσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
χέσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
χέσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
χέσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
χέσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
χέσοις (active optative second-person singular)
χέσοι (active optative singular third-person)
χέσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
χεσοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
χέσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
χέσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
χέσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
χέσε (active imperative second-person singular)
χεσέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
χέσετον (active dual imperative second-person)
χεσέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
χέσετε (active imperative plural second-person)
χεσόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐχεσόμην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐχέσου (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐχέσετο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐχέσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐχεσέσθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐχεσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐχέσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐχέσοντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
χέσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
χέσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
χέσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
χέσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
χέσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
χεσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
χέσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
χέσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
χεσοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
χέσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
χέσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
χέσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
χεσοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
χεσοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
χέσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
χέσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
χεσοῦ (imperative middle second-person singular)
χεσέσθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
χέσεσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
χεσέσθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
χέσεσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
χεσέσθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
χεσεῖν (active infinitive)
χεσέσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
χεσών (active masculine participle)
χεσόμενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
χεσοῦσᾰ (active feminine participle)
χεσομένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
χεσόν (active neuter participle)
χεσόμενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
κέχοδᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
κέχοδᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
κέχοδε (active indicative singular third-person)
κέχοδεν (active indicative singular third-person)
κεχόδᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
κεχόδᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
κεχόδᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
κεχόδᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
κεχόδᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
κεχόδᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
κεχόδω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κεχόδῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κεχόδῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κεχόδητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
κεχόδητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
κεχόδωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
κεχόδητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
κεχόδωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κεχόδωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κεχόδοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
κεχοδοίην (active first-person optative singular)
κεχόδοις (active optative second-person singular)
κεχοδοίης (active optative second-person singular)
κεχόδοι (active optative singular third-person)
κεχοδοίη (active optative singular third-person)
κεχόδοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
κεχοδοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
κεχόδοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
κεχόδοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
κεχόδοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
κέχοδε (active imperative second-person singular)
κεχοδέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
κεχόδετον (active dual imperative second-person)
κεχοδέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
κεχόδετε (active imperative plural second-person)
κεχοδόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
κέχεσμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
κέχεσαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
κέχεσται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
κέχεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
κέχεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
κεχέσμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
κέχεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
κεχέδᾰται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
κεχεσμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
κεχεσμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
κεχεσμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
κεχεσμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
κεχεσμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
κεχεσμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
κεχεσμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
κεχεσμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
κεχεσμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
κεχεσμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
κεχεσμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
κεχεσμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
κεχεσμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
κεχεσμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
κεχεσμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
κεχεσμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
κεχεσμένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
κέχεσο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
κεχέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
κέχεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
κεχέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
κέχεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
κεχέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
κεχοδέναι (active infinitive)
κεχέσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
κεχοδώς (active masculine participle)
κεχεσμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
κεχοδυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
κεχεσμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
κεχοδός (active neuter participle)
κεχεσμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)

desctree

Greek: χέζω (chézo)
→ Russian: хе́зать (xézatʹ)

⇒ English: -chezia

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰed-. Cognates include Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬲 (haδaž, “anus”), Sanskrit हद् (had), हदति (hadati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”), Old Armenian ձետ (jet, “tail, penis”), Albanian dhjes (“to mess up”), Northern Kurdish zotik (“anus”).

ὁ δὲ λίθον βαλεῖν / βουλόμενος ἐν σκότῳ λάβοι
τῇ χειρὶ πέλεθον ἀρτίως κεχεσμένον·
ho dè líthon baleîn / boulómenos en skótōi láboi

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1168–1170

May he, wanting / to throw a stone, in the darkness pick up
a piece of dung with his hand, freshly shat.

ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν μαχέσαιτο· χέσαιτο γάρ, εἰ μαχέσαιτο.

But he would not fight: you see, he would shit, if he had to fight.

all’ ouk àn makhésaito; khésaito gár, ei makhésaito.

εἰ μηδὲ χέσαι γ' αὐτῷ σχολὴ γενήσεται, (...)
ei mēdè khésai g’ autôi skholḕ genḗsetai, (...)

450 BCE – 350 BCE, Strattis, Chrysippus 1

If he will neither have the time to shit, (...)

σησαμίδας δὲ χέζει / μῆλα δὲ χρέμπτεται.

446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, Flatterers 17

[he, who] shits sesame-cookies, / and coughs up apples.

sēsamídas dè khézei / mêla dè khrémptetai.


σκῶρ

grc-noun

σκῶρ • (skôr) n (genitive σκᾰτός); third declension

skôr (romanization)
σκᾰτός (genitive)
τὸ σκῶρ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́τε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́τᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰσῐ́ (dative plural)
σκᾰσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs skăsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸ σκῶρ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́τε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́τᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῶρ (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́τε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́τᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σκατό (skató), κουράδα (kouráda)

→ Old Georgian: სკორჱ (sḳorē)

Georgian: სკორე (sḳore)

From Proto-Hellenic *skṓr, from Proto-Indo-European *sḱṓr, the collective of *sóḱr̥ (“excrement, dung”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skarną (“filth, dung”).


σκύβαλον

σκῠ́βᾰλον • (skŭ́bălon) n (genitive σκῠβᾰ́λου); second declension

σκῠ́βᾰλον (canonical)
skŭ́bălon (romanization)
σκῠβᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῠβᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠβᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῠβᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῠβᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῠ́βᾰλον (singular vocative)
σκῠβᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: scybala

Neumann compares this word with Hittite [script needed] (išḫuwai-, “to throw, scatter, pour”), while Furnée with κύπελλον (kúpellon, “whatever dough and bread is left over on the table”). If the last theory is correct, then the word could be of Pre-Greek origin. However, while κύπελλον (kúpellon) provides only superficial similarities (note the differences in the consonants), a non-Hittite Anatolian form *šḫuwai provides a perfect match. The immediate Anatolian source cannot be identified more precisely, since neither the phonology nor the morphology is specific enough. Possible candidates are Luwian, Lydian or Palaic.


μηκώνιον

grc-noun

μηκώνῐον • (mēkṓnĭon) n (genitive μηκώνῐ́ου); second declension

μηκώνῐον (canonical)
mēkṓnĭon (romanization)
μηκώνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μηκώνῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μηκωνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μηκώνῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηκωνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηκωνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηκωνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μηκωνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηκωνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μηκωνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μηκώνῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μηκωνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μηκώνῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μηκώνῐον (singular vocative)
μηκωνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μηκώνῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: mēcōnium

From μήκων (mḗkōn, “poppy”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

meconium, discharge from the bowels of new-born children


στεργάνος

head

στεργάνος • (stergános)

Unknown. Not related to Latin stercus (“dung”) and Welsh trwnc (“urine”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: κοπρών (koprṓn, “place for dung”).


σπέλεθος

grc-noun

σπέλεθος • (spélethos) m (genitive σπελέθου); second declension

spélethos (romanization)
σπελέθου (genitive)
ὁ σπέλεθος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπελέθω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπέλεθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπελέθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπελέθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπελέθων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπελέθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπελέθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπελέθοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπέλεθον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπελέθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπελέθους (accusative plural)
σπέλεθε (singular vocative)
σπελέθω (dual vocative)
σπέλεθοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to σπύραθος (spúrathos) and ὄνθος (ónthos). A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”) is semantically possible comparing Proto-Germanic *skītaną (“to defecate”), which derives from Proto-Indo-European *skeyd- (“to cut off”). Alternatively, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


σπύραθος

grc-noun

σπύραθος • (spúrathos) m or f (genitive σπυράθου); second declension

spúrathos (romanization)
σπυράθου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ σπύραθος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπυράθω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ σπύραθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς σπυράθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπυράθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπυράθων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ σπυράθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπυράθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς σπυράθοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν σπύραθον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπυράθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς σπυράθους (accusative plural)
σπύραθε (singular vocative)
σπυράθω (dual vocative)
σπύραθοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to ὄνθος (ónthos), σπέλεθος (spélethos) and ψάμαθος (psámathos). Similar words are found in Lithuanian spìros (“droppings of goats”) and Icelandic sparð (“droppings”). The alternations could very well point to a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

(in the plural) droppings of goats and sheep


ὄνθος

grc-noun

ὄνθος • (ónthos) m or f (genitive ὄνθου); second declension

ónthos (romanization)
ὄνθου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ὄνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ὄνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ὄνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ὄνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ὄνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ὄνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ὄνθους (accusative plural)
ὄνθε (singular vocative)
ὄνθω (dual vocative)
ὄνθοι (plural vocative)

unk

Unexplained


βόλβιτον

grc-noun

βόλβῐτον • (bólbĭton) n (genitive βολβῐ́του); second declension

βόλβῐτον (canonical)
bólbĭton (romanization)
βολβῐ́του (genitive)
τὸ βόλβῐτον (nominative singular)
τὼ βολβῐ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βόλβῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολβῐ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολβῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολβῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βολβῐ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολβῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολβῐ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ βόλβῐτον (accusative singular)
τὼ βολβῐ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βόλβῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
βόλβῐτον (singular vocative)
βολβῐ́τω (dual vocative)
βόλβῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, in view of the alternations and the suffix -ιτον, the word is probably Pre-Greek. Compare also βόλιτον (bóliton, “cow dung”). Close to Proto-Albanian *balgā (“dung”) (Albanian bajgë), which may be from the same substratum, but would point to Proto-Indo-European *bolgʷ- if inherited.


οἴσπη

οἴσπη • (oíspē) f (genitive οἴσπης); first declension

oíspē (romanization)
οἴσπης (genitive)
ἡ οἴσπη (nominative singular)
τὼ οἴσπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οἶσπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς οἴσπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἴσπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰσπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οἴσπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἴσπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οἴσπαις (dative plural)
τὴν οἴσπην (accusative singular)
τὼ οἴσπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οἴσπᾱς (accusative plural)
οἴσπη (singular vocative)
οἴσπᾱ (dual vocative)
οἶσπαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek source of οἰσύπη (oisúpē, “lanoline”).

sheep dung, especially the dirt that collects about the hinder parts of sheep and goats


μίνθος

μῐ́νθος • (mĭ́nthos) m (genitive μῐ́νθου); second declension

μῐ́νθος (canonical)
mĭ́nthos (romanization)
μῐ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ μῐ́νθος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ μῐ́νθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν μῐ́νθον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
μῐ́νθε (singular vocative)
μῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
μῐ́νθοι (plural vocative)

Formation like ὄνθος (ónthos, “dung of animals”), σπέλεθος (spélethos, “dung, ordure”) and σπύραθος (spúrathos, “droppings of goats and sheep”). According to Beekes, probably from Pre-Greek.


σπατίλη

σπᾰτῑ́λη • (spătī́lē) f (genitive σπᾰτῑ́λης); first declension

σπᾰτῑ́λη (canonical)
spătī́lē (romanization)
σπᾰτῑ́λης (genitive)
ἡ σπᾰτῑ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾰτῑ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σπᾰτῖλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σπᾰτῑ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾰτῑ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾰτῑλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σπᾰτῑ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾰτῑ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σπᾰτῑ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν σπᾰτῑ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾰτῑ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σπᾰτῑ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
σπᾰτῑ́λη (singular vocative)
σπᾰτῑ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
σπᾰτῖλαι (plural vocative)

In the second meaning, it belongs to σπάτος (spátos, “hide, leather”). The first meaning may also be combined with "leather waste" as a euphemistic metaphor. However, it is more probably a Pre-Greek word. Compare also τῖλος (tîlos, “thin stool, as in diarrhea”).


τῖλος

τῖλος • (tîlos) m (genitive τῑ́λου); second declension

tîlos (romanization)
τῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ τῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ τῖλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν τῖλον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῑ́λους (accusative plural)
τῖλε (singular vocative)
τῑ́λω (dual vocative)
τῖλοι (plural vocative)

No etymology. The comparisons with Armenian թրիք (tʻrikʻ, “dung, manure”), if from *tiHr-, Proto-Germanic *þainaz (“moist”) and Russian тина (tina, “scum, slime”) remain speculative, since there is no evidence of a root *tiH- or *tH-i- in this meaning. The same holds for the connection with τῖφος (tîphos, “pond, marsh”). The verb τήκω (tḗkō, “to melt”) is not related, either.

unk

No etymology


ἱππότιλος

grc-noun

ἱππότῑλος • (hippótīlos) m (genitive ἱπποτῑ́λου); second declension

ἱππότῑλος (canonical)
hippótīlos (romanization)
ἱπποτῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ ἱππότῑλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱπποτῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱππότῑλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱπποτῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱπποτῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱπποτῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱπποτῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱπποτῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱπποτῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἱππότῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱπποτῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱπποτῑ́λους (accusative plural)
ἱππότῑλε (singular vocative)
ἱπποτῑ́λω (dual vocative)
ἱππότῑλοι (plural vocative)

From ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + τῖλος (tîlos, “thin stool, as in diarrhea”).


κοπροφάγος

κοπροφᾰ́γος (canonical)
koprophắgos (romanization)
κοπροφᾰ́γου (neuter)
κοπροφᾰ́γος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γον (neuter nominative singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (dual neuter nominative)
κοπροφᾰ́γοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γου (genitive neuter singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
κοπροφᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive neuter)
κοπροφᾰ́γων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γων (genitive neuter plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γῳ (dative neuter singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
κοπροφᾰ́γοιν (dative dual neuter)
κοπροφᾰ́γοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γοις (dative neuter plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γον (accusative neuter singular)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (accusative dual neuter)
κοπροφᾰ́γους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
κοπροφᾰ́γε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γον (neuter singular vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γω (dual neuter vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
κοπροφᾰ́γως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
κοπροφᾰγώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
κοπροφᾰγώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Latin: coprophagus

From κόπρος (kópros, “dung, ordure”) + -φάγος (-phágos, “eater”).


ὕπαξις

grc-noun

ὕπᾰξῐς • (húpăxĭs) f (genitive ὑπᾰ́ξεως); third declension

ὕπᾰξῐς (canonical)
húpăxĭs (romanization)
ὑπᾰ́ξεως (genitive)
ἡ ὕπᾰξῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπᾰ́ξει (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑπᾰ́ξεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑπᾰ́ξεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπᾰξέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπᾰ́ξεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑπᾰ́ξει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπᾰξέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑπᾰ́ξεσῐ (dative plural)
ὑπᾰ́ξεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hupắxesĭ (dative plural)
taîs hupắxesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὕπᾰξῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπᾰ́ξει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑπᾰ́ξεις (accusative plural)
ὕπᾰξῐ (singular vocative)
ὑπᾰ́ξει (dual vocative)
ὑπᾰ́ξεις (plural vocative)

From ὑπᾰ́γω (hupắgō, “to lead or bring under”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).


γένουβις

grc-noun

γένουβῐς • (génoubĭs) f (genitive γενούβεως); third declension

γένουβῐς (canonical)
génoubĭs (romanization)
γενούβεως (genitive)
ἡ γένουβῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ γενούβει (dual nominative)
αἱ γενούβεις (nominative plural)
τῆς γενούβεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν γενουβέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γενούβεων (genitive plural)
τῇ γενούβει (dative singular)
τοῖν γενουβέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γενούβεσῐ (dative plural)
γενούβεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs genoúbesĭ (dative plural)
taîs genoúbesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν γένουβῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ γενούβει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γενούβεις (accusative plural)
γένουβῐ (singular vocative)
γενούβει (dual vocative)
γενούβεις (plural vocative)