στῆθος

grc-noun

στῆθος • (stêthos) n (genitive στήθεος or στήθους); third declension

stêthos (romanization)
στήθεος (genitive)
στήθους (genitive)
τὸ στῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ στήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ στήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στηθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesĭ (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ στῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ στήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθη (plural vocative)
στῆθος (nominative singular)
στήθει (dual nominative)
στήθεε (dual nominative)
στήθεᾰ (nominative plural)
στήθεος (genitive singular)
στήθευς (genitive singular)
στηθέοιν (dual genitive)
στηθέων (genitive plural)
στήθεσφι (genitive plural)
στήθεσφιν (genitive plural)
stēthéōn (genitive plural)
stḗthesphi (genitive plural)
stḗthesphin (genitive plural)
στήθει (dative singular)
στήθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
στηθέοιν (dative dual)
στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
stḗthesĭ (dative plural)
stḗthesĭn (dative plural)
στῆθος (accusative singular)
στήθει (accusative dual)
στήθεε (accusative dual)
στήθεᾰ (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθεε (dual vocative)
στήθεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στηθέων, στήθεσφι(ν)

→ English: stetho-

Greek: στήθος (stíthos)

As this word is also Doric and Aeolic, the connection with ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”) must be given up. The similarity to στήνιον (stḗnion), Old Armenian ստին (stin, “breast”) and Sanskrit स्तन (stana, “female breast”) is hardly coincidental. If cognate, the relation between this word and στήνιον (stḗnion) would be like that of Latin plēnus (“full”) to πλῆθος (plêthos, “multitude”).


λέπρα

grc-noun

λέπρᾱ • (léprā) f (genitive λέπρᾱς); first declension

λέπρᾱ (canonical)
léprā (romanization)
λέπρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λέπρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λέπρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λέπραι (nominative plural)
τῆς λέπρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέπραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεπρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λέπρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέπραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λέπραις (dative plural)
τὴν λέπρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λέπρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λέπρᾱς (accusative plural)
λέπρᾱ (singular vocative)
λέπρᾱ (dual vocative)
λέπραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lepra (see there for further descendants)

Resembles λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) + *-ρᾱ (*-rā), but with unclear morphology. Perhaps both words are ultimately Pre-Greek; compare λεβηρῐ́ς (lebērĭ́s, “shed skin”), and see λέπω (lépō, “to peel”) for more.

(medicine) psoriasis & similar skin disorders


ἄφθα

ἄφθᾰ • (áphthă) f (genitive ἄφθης); first declension

ἄφθᾰ (canonical)
áphthă (romanization)
ἄφθης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́φθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓φθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́φθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́φθαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́φθᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́φθᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́φθᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́φθαι (plural vocative)

→ English: aphtha

→ French: aphte

→ German: Aphthe

→ Greek: άφθα (áftha)

→ Italian: afta

→ Portuguese: afta

→ Romanian: aftă

A term first attested in Hippokrates, with doubt connected to ἅπτω (háptō, “to burn or to fasten, join”). Possibly a technical loan with physicians from Aramaic with emphatic state ending, later attested only in one particular meaning in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā), Classical Syriac ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā, “oakgalls”), verb אֲפַץ (ʾap̄aṣ, “to dress with gallnut juice”), but more generally Mishnaic Hebrew אָפַץ (ʾāp̄aṣ), אָפַס (ʾāp̄as, “to press, to squeeze”). ἀψίς (apsís), ἁψίς (hapsís, “net, mesh; bow”) is also only doubtingly derived from ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, join”).

cog

(pathology, chiefly in the plural) aphtha, mouth ulcer, thrush


διαβήτης

grc-noun

δῐᾰβήτης • (dĭăbḗtēs) m (genitive δῐᾰβήτου); first declension

δῐᾰβήτης (canonical)
dĭăbḗtēs (romanization)
δῐᾰβήτου (genitive)
ὁ δῐᾰβήτης (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰβήτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐᾰβῆται (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐᾰβήτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰβήταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰβητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐᾰβήτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰβήταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐᾰβήταις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐᾰβήτην (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰβήτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐᾰβήτᾱς (accusative plural)
δῐᾰβῆτᾰ (singular vocative)
δῐᾰβήτᾱ (dual vocative)
δῐᾰβῆται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: diabētēs
→ English: diabetes

From δῐᾰβαίνω (dĭăbaínō, “to step across, pass over”) + -της (-tēs, “-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

Θώϋμα τὸ διαβήτεω πάθος, οὐ κάρτα ξύνηθες ἀνθρώποισι· σαρκῶν καὶ μελέων ἐς οὖρον ἡ ξύντηξις· ὑγρὴ καὶ ψυχρὴ, ὅκως ἐν ὕδρωψι, αἰτίη.

1 CE – 100 CE, Aretaeus, De Causis et Signis Diuturnorum Morborum 2.2

Diabetes is a remarkable disorder, and not one very common to man. It consists of a moist and cold wasting of the flesh and limbs into urine, from a cause similar to that of dropsy.

Thṓüma tò diabḗteō páthos, ou kárta xúnēthes anthrṓpoisi; sarkôn kaì meléōn es oûron hē xúntēxis; hugrḕ kaì psukhrḕ, hókōs en húdrōpsi, aitíē.


πέσσω

grc-verb

πέσσω • (péssō)

péssō (romanization)
πέσσω (active first-person indicative singular)
πέσσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
πέσσει (active indicative singular third-person)
πέσσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
πέσσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
πέσσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
πέσσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
πέσσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
πέσσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
πέσσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πέσσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πέσσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πέσσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πέσσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πέσσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πέσσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πέσσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέσσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέσσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πέσσοις (active optative second-person singular)
πέσσοι (active optative singular third-person)
πέσσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πεσσοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πέσσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πέσσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πέσσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πέσσε (active imperative second-person singular)
πεσσέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
πέσσετον (active dual imperative second-person)
πεσσέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
πέσσετε (active imperative plural second-person)
πεσσόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
πέσσομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
πέσσῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέσσει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέσσεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
πέσσεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
πέσσεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
πεσσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
πέσσεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
πέσσονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πέσσωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
πέσσῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πέσσηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πέσσησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
πέσσησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
πεσσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
πέσσησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πέσσωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεσσοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
πέσσοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
πέσσοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
πέσσοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
πεσσοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
πεσσοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
πέσσοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
πέσσοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
πέσσου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
πεσσέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
πέσσεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
πεσσέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
πέσσεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
πεσσέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
πέσσειν (active infinitive)
πέσσεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
πέσσων (active masculine participle)
πεσσόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
πέσσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πεσσομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
πέσσον (active neuter participle)
πεσσόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
πέττω (active first-person indicative singular)
πέττεις (active indicative second-person singular)
πέττει (active indicative singular third-person)
πέττετον (active dual indicative second-person)
πέττετον (active dual indicative third-person)
πέττομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
πέττετε (active indicative plural second-person)
πέττουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
πέττουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
πέττω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πέττῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πέττῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πέττητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πέττητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πέττωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πέττητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πέττωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέττωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέττοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πέττοις (active optative second-person singular)
πέττοι (active optative singular third-person)
πέττοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πεττοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πέττοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πέττοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πέττοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πέττε (active imperative second-person singular)
πεττέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
πέττετον (active dual imperative second-person)
πεττέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
πέττετε (active imperative plural second-person)
πεττόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
πέττομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
πέττῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέττει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέττεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
πέττεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
πέττεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
πεττόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
πέττεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
πέττονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πέττωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
πέττῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πέττηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πέττησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
πέττησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
πεττώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
πέττησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πέττωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεττοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
πέττοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
πέττοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
πέττοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
πεττοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
πεττοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
πέττοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
πέττοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
πέττου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
πεττέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
πέττεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
πεττέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
πέττεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
πεττέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
πέττειν (active infinitive)
πέττεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
πέττων (active masculine participle)
πεττόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
πέττουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πεττομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
πέττον (active neuter participle)
πεττόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
πέπτω (active first-person indicative singular)
πέπτεις (active indicative second-person singular)
πέπτει (active indicative singular third-person)
πέπτετον (active dual indicative second-person)
πέπτετον (active dual indicative third-person)
πέπτομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
πέπτετε (active indicative plural second-person)
πέπτουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
πέπτουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
πέπτω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πέπτῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πέπτῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πέπτητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πέπτητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πέπτωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πέπτητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πέπτωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέπτωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέπτοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πέπτοις (active optative second-person singular)
πέπτοι (active optative singular third-person)
πέπτοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πεπτοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πέπτοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πέπτοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πέπτοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πέπτε (active imperative second-person singular)
πεπτέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
πέπτετον (active dual imperative second-person)
πεπτέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
πέπτετε (active imperative plural second-person)
πεπτόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
πέπτομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
πέπτῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέπτει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέπτεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
πέπτεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
πέπτεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
πεπτόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
πέπτεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
πέπτονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πέπτωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
πέπτῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πέπτηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πέπτησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
πέπτησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
πεπτώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
πέπτησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πέπτωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεπτοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
πέπτοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
πέπτοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
πέπτοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
πεπτοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
πεπτοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
πέπτοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
πέπτοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
πέπτου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
πεπτέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
πέπτεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
πεπτέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
πέπτεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
πεπτέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
πέπτειν (active infinitive)
πέπτεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
πέπτων (active masculine participle)
πεπτόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
πέπτουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πεπτομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
πέπτον (active neuter participle)
πεπτόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔπεσσον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπεσσες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπεσσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπεσσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπέσσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπεσσέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπέσσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπέσσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπεσσον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐπεσσόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐπέσσου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐπέσσετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐπέσσεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐπεσσέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐπεσσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐπέσσεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐπέσσοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἔπεττον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπεττες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπεττε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπεττεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπέττετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπεττέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπέττομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπέττετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπεττον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐπεττόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐπέττου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐπέττετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐπέττεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐπεττέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐπεττόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐπέττεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐπέττοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἔπεπτον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπεπτες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπεπτε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπεπτεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπέπτετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπεπτέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπέπτομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπέπτετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπεπτον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐπεπτόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐπέπτου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐπέπτετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐπέπτεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐπεπτέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐπεπτόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐπέπτεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐπέπτοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πέψω (active first-person indicative singular)
πέψεις (active indicative second-person singular)
πέψει (active indicative singular third-person)
πέψετον (active dual indicative second-person)
πέψετον (active dual indicative third-person)
πέψομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
πέψετε (active indicative plural second-person)
πέψουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
πέψουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
πέψοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πέψοις (active optative second-person singular)
πέψοι (active optative singular third-person)
πέψοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πεψοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πέψοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πέψοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πέψοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πέψομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
πέψῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
πέψει (indicative middle second-person singular)
πέψεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
πέψεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
πέψεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
πεψόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
πέψεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
πέψονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
πεψοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
πέψοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
πέψοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
πέψοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
πεψοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
πεψοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
πέψοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
πέψοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
πεφθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
πεφθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
πεφθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
πεφθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
πεφθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
πεφθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
πεφθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
πεφθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
πεφθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
πεφθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
πεφθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
πεφθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
πεφθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
πεφθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
πεφθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
πεφθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
πέψειν (active infinitive)
πέψεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
πεφθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
πέψων (active masculine participle)
πεψόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
πεφθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
πέψουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πεψομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
πεφθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
πέψον (active neuter participle)
πεψόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
πεφθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
ἔπεψᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπεψᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπεψε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπεψεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπέψᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπεψᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπέψᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπέψᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπεψᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
πέψω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πέψῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πέψῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πέψητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πέψητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πέψωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πέψητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πέψωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέψωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πέψαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πέψειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
πέψαις (active optative second-person singular)
πέψειε (active optative singular third-person)
πέψειεν (active optative singular third-person)
πέψαι (active optative singular third-person)
πέψαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πεψαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πέψαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πέψαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πέψειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
πέψαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πέψον (active imperative second-person singular)
πεψᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
πέψᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
πεψᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
πέψᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
πεψᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐπεψᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐπέψω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐπέψᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐπέψᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐπεψᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐπεψᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐπέψᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐπέψᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
πέψωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
πέψῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
πέψηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
πέψησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
πέψησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
πεψώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
πέψησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
πέψωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
πεψαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
πέψαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
πέψαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
πέψαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
πεψαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
πεψαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
πέψαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
πέψαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
πέψαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
πεψᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
πέψᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
πεψᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
πέψᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
πεψᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐπέφθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐπέφθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐπέφθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐπέφθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐπεφθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐπέφθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐπέφθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐπέφθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
πεφθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
πεφθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πεφθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πεφθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
πεφθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
πεφθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
πεφθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πεφθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεφθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεφθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
πεφθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
πεφθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
πεφθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
πεφθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
πεφθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
πεφθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
πεφθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
πεφθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
πεφθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
πεφθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
πεφθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
πεφθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
πέφθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
πεφθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
πέφθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
πεφθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
πέφθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
πεφθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
πέψαι (active infinitive)
πέψᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
πεφθῆναι (infinitive passive)
πέψᾱς (active masculine participle)
πεψᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
πεφθείς (masculine participle passive)
πέψᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πεψᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
πεφθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
πέψᾰν (active neuter participle)
πεψᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
πεφθέν (neuter participle passive)
πέπεμμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
πέπεψαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πέπεπται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
πέπεφθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
πέπεφθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
πεπέμμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
πέπεφθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
πεπέπᾰται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πεπεμμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
πεπεμμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πεπεμμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πεπεμμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
πεπεμμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
πεπεμμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
πεπεμμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πεπεμμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεπεμμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πεπεμμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
πεπεμμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
πεπεμμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
πεπεμμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
πεπεμμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
πεπεμμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
πεπεμμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
πεπεμμένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
πέπεψο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
πεπέφθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
πέπεφθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
πεπέφθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
πέπεφθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
πεπέφθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
πεπέφθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
πεπεμμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
πεπεμμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
πεπεμμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)

From Proto-Hellenic *péťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷ-ye-, from *pekʷ-. The alternative present stem πέπτω (péptō) apparently comes from analogy with the root-stem πεπ- (pep-) < *pekʷ-. Cognates include Latin coquō (whence English cook), Sanskrit पचति (pacati), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pacaⁱti), and Albanian pjek.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 780b.10

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 944a.13

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.119

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 718b.21

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 762a.15

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 381b.12

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 677b.31

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Ancient Medicine 11

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Eumenes 11

300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.283

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.513

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.513

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.565

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.617

340 BCE – 285 BCE, Philitas, Collected Works 1

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.186

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Regimen in Acute Diseases 42


ἀλφός

grc-noun

ᾰ̓λφός • (ălphós) m (genitive ᾰ̓λφοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓λφός (canonical)
ălphós (romanization)
ᾰ̓λφοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓λφός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λφώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓λφοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓λφοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓λφῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓λφοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓λφόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λφώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓λφούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λφέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λφώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λφοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”). Cognates include Latin albus (“white”), Hittite 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas, “cloud”), Umbrian 𐌀𐌋𐌚𐌖 (alfu, “white”) and Middle Welsh elbid (“world”). Doublet of ἄλβος (álbos).

alphos, a type of non-contagious leprosy typified by dull white lesions.


χολέρα

χολέρᾰ • (kholéră) f (genitive χολέρᾱς); first declension

χολέρᾰ (canonical)
kholéră (romanization)
χολέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χολέρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χολέρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χολέραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χολέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χολέραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χολερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χολέρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χολέραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χολέραις (dative plural)
τὴν χολέρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χολέρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χολέρᾱς (accusative plural)
χολέρᾰ (singular vocative)
χολέρᾱ (dual vocative)
χολέραι (plural vocative)

Greek: χολέρα (choléra)

→ Latin: cholera

A medical expression. Formally it may be compared with ὑστέρα (hustéra, “uterus, womb”) and names of diseases like ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”) and ὕδερος (húderos, “dropsy”). Perhaps, this word is a substantivization from unattested *χολερός (*kholerós), with shift of accent. According to Beekes, a basic derivation is more likely from χολή (kholḗ, “gall, bile”) than from χολάς (kholás, “entrails, guts”), but a Pre-Greek origin cannot be ruled out. Irish galar (“sickness, illness”) has to be kept separate.

cholera, a disease in which the humors of the body are violently discharged by vomiting and stool


ἀθήρωμα

ἀθήρωμα • (athḗrōma) n (genitive ἀθηρώματος); third declension

athḗrōma (romanization)
ἀθηρώματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀθηρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθηρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀθηρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀθηρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀθηρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀθήρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: atheroma

From ἀθάρη (athárē, “groats, porridge”) + -ωμᾰ (-ōmă, “disease, tumor”).


φάρυγξ

grc-noun

φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phắrŭnx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension

φᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
phắrŭnx (romanization)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phắrŭxĭ (dative plural)
taîs phắrŭxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phắrŭnxĭ (dative plural)
taîs phắrŭnxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρυγγας (fáryngas)

→ New Latin: pharynx
→ English: pharynx

→ Italian: faringe

According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”), but phonetically this is somewhat problematic as the Greek form requires laryngeal metathesis to *bʰr̥Hug-, turning the root disyllabic, for unknown reasons. Alternatively, it could be related to φᾰ́ρᾰγξ (phắrănx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”), also of disputed origin.
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -ῠγγ- (or -ῠγ-) argues for a Pre-Greek origin. Compare λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx).

der

(in the plural, pathology) diseases of the throat


ἐρυσίπελας

grc-noun

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς • (erŭsĭ́pelăs) n (genitive ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος); third declension

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (canonical)
erŭsĭ́pelăs (romanization)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs erŭsĭpélăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs erŭsĭpélăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (singular vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

→ Latin: erysipelas

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

Medical term of unusual formation. Traditionally derived from ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós, “red”) + Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”); compare πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “sole of foot”) and Latin pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”). According to Beekes, it may also be of Pre-Greek origin, comparing the first element of the word with the first element of ἐρῠσῑ́βη (erŭsī́bē, “rust in plants”) and ἐρῠσῐ́σκηπτρον (erŭsĭ́skēptron, “kind of plant”).


γλαύκωμα

grc-noun

γλαύκωμᾰ • (glaúkōmă) n (genitive γλαυκώμᾰτος); third declension

γλαύκωμᾰ (canonical)
glaúkōmă (romanization)
γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γλαυκώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλαυκώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γλαυκώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γλαύκωμᾰ (singular vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκωμα (gláfkoma)

→ Latin: glaucōma (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: глауко́ма (glaukóma)
→ Kazakh: глаукома (glaukoma)

From γλαυκόω (glaukóō, “to color blue-grey”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


βουβών

grc-noun

βουβών • (boubṓn) m (genitive βουβῶνος); third declension

boubṓn (romanization)
βουβῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουβών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουβῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουβῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουβώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουβῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουβῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουβῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs boubôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βουβῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουβῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουβών (singular vocative)
βουβῶνε (dual vocative)
βουβῶνες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būbō, būbōnēs

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European expressive root *bew-, *bow- (“to swell; ball”); see βῠβός (bŭbós, “full, great”), βου- (bou-, augmentative prefix), βουνός (bounós, “hill, mound; clot”), βοῦᾰ (boûă, “group of children; herd?”), βῶλος (bôlos, “clod”), βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), but these cannot be regular morphological derivations of the same root.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(pathology) a bubo in the groin (a swelling of lymph nodes due to infection)


σῦκον

grc-noun

σῦκον • (sûkon) n (genitive σῡ́κου); second declension

sûkon (romanization)
σῡ́κου (genitive)
τὸ σῦκον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῡ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῡ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῡ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (accusative plural)
σῦκον (singular vocative)
σῡ́κω (dual vocative)
σῦκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σύκο (sýko)

→ Latin: syconus

→ English: syconus

→ Portuguese: sícono

Since long, connected with Latin fīcus and Old Armenian թուզ (tʻuz), and considered a borrowing from a Mediterranean (Pre-Greek) or Anatolian substrate source, from which Hebrew שִׁקְמָה (šiqmā́, “sycamore fig”) – borrowed into συκάμινος (sukáminos) – and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky (“gourd”) are also adduced. Martirosyan reconstructs a Mediterranean proto-form *tʰuōiḱo- or *tʰū(i)ḱo- (“fig”), Beekes suggests *tʲuk-. The use of words for fruits (fig, plum etc.) in the sense of “vulva” is very common cross-linguistically.

cog

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.121

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.40


γάγγραινα

grc-noun

γάγγραινᾰ • (gángraină) f (genitive γαγγραίνης); first declension

γάγγραινᾰ (canonical)
gángraină (romanization)
γαγγραίνης (genitive)
ἡ γάγγραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γάγγραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαγγραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαγγραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαγγραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαγγραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν γάγγραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαγγραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
γάγγραινᾰ (singular vocative)
γαγγραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
γάγγραιναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: gangraena
French: gangrène
→ English: gangrene
→ Romanian: gangrenă, cangrenă
→ Turkish: kangren
Italian: cancrena
Russian: гангрена (gangrena)
Spanish: gangrena

In antiquity it was compared with γράω (gráō, “to devour”) but this is incorrect. It is most probably a Pre-Greek word.


λύσσα

grc-noun

λύσσᾰ • (lússă) f (genitive λύσσης); first declension

λύσσᾰ (canonical)
lússă (romanization)
λύσσης (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
λῠ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
λῠ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
λῠ́σσαι (plural vocative)

→ English: lyssa (learned)

→ German: Lyssa (learned)

Greek: λύσσα (lýssa)

Somewhat disputedly, thought to be equivalent to λῠ́κος m (lŭ́kos, “wolf”) + -ια (-ia, abstract noun suffix) (but formed already in Proto-Hellenic, like ὄσσᾰ (óssă) and γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă), which is necessary to account for the sound shift), thus the original meaning would have been “the state of being wolfish”.
Beekes maintains this etymology but, like Pokorny, considers the Greek root for “wolf” to be from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine; light”) rather than *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) with deformation. Compare the same root in such phrases as λευκαὶ φρένες· μαινόμεναι (leukaì phrénes; mainómenai, “raging, frenzied”, literally “glowing minds raving”) and λευκῶν πραπίδων· κακῶν φρενῶν (leukôn prapídōn; kakôn phrenôn, identical meaning, literally “of evil minds of glowing hearts”).
The less commonly held comparison to λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “to untie, let loose”) is probably to be abandoned.


μαλακία

grc-noun

μᾰλᾰκίᾱ • (mălăkíā) f (genitive μᾰλᾰκίᾱς); first declension

μᾰλᾰκίᾱ (canonical)
mălăkíā (romanization)
μᾰλᾰκίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰλᾰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰλᾰκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰλᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰλᾰκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰλᾰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰλᾰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: μαλακία (malakía)
→ Russian: малафья́ (malafʹjá), молофья́ (molofʹjá)

→ English: malacia

→ French: malacie

→ German: Malazie

→ Italian: malacia

→ Latin: malacia

→ Romanian: malahie

→ Russian: малакия (malakija)

From μαλακός (malakós, “soft, effeminate”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).


ἔμετος

grc-noun

ἔμετος • (émetos) m (genitive ἐμέτου); second declension

émetos (romanization)
ἐμέτου (genitive)
ὁ ἔμετος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔμετοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμέτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔμετον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐμέτους (accusative plural)
ἔμετε (singular vocative)
ἐμέτω (dual vocative)
ἔμετοι (plural vocative)


κήλη

κήλη • (kḗlē) f (genitive κήλης); first declension

kḗlē (romanization)
κήλης (genitive)
ἡ κήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κήλᾱς (accusative plural)
κήλη (singular vocative)
κήλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: -cele

Greek: κήλη (kíli)

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂u-l-eh₂ (“tumour”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kyla (“rupture”) and Proto-Germanic *haulaz (“hernia”). However the Attic form is still unexplained.


κιρσός

κῐρσός • (kĭrsós) m (genitive κῐρσοῦ); second declension

κῐρσός (canonical)
kĭrsós (romanization)
κῐρσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κῐρσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐρσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐρσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐρσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐρσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κῐρσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐρσούς (accusative plural)
κῐρσέ (singular vocative)
κῐρσώ (dual vocative)
κῐρσοί (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the variation "σ/ξ" shows that the word is from Pre-Greek.

(pathology) varicocele, enlargement of a vein


κράσπεδον

κρᾰ́σπεδον • (krắspedon) n (genitive κρᾰσπέδου); second declension

κρᾰ́σπεδον (canonical)
krắspedon (romanization)
κρᾰσπέδου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰσπέδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰσπέδων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰσπέδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰσπέδοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́σπεδον (singular vocative)
κρᾰσπέδω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: craspedophyte

Greek: κράσπεδο (kráspedo)

Unknown. Traditionally analyzed as an old compound of κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) (in the form κράσ-), with a faded second member πέδον (pédon, “plain, ground”), for which Sanskrit द्रुपद (drupada, “wooden pillar, post”) is compared. The first member would point to an original meaning "upper border", according to Risch. However, Nussbaum is very sceptical; there is no indication whatsoever that it would contain the word for "head".

cog

(pathology) fimbria, affection of the uvula


ψώρα

grc-noun

ψώρᾱ • (psṓrā) f (genitive ψώρᾱς); first declension

ψώρᾱ (canonical)
psṓrā (romanization)
ψώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ψώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψώραις (dative plural)
τὴν ψώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψώρᾱς (accusative plural)
ψώρᾱ (singular vocative)
ψώρᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῶραι (plural vocative)

> Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)
→ Laz: მსორა (msora), მწორა (mǯora) — Artasheni, მსურა (msura), მსუა (msua) — Arkabi, სორა (sora)

→ Latin: psōra
→ English: psora (learned)
→ French: psora, psore (learned)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root of ψάω (psáō, “to rub, wipe”), ψωμός (psōmós, “morsel, bit”), ψωλός (psōlós, “circumcised”), ψωρός (psōrós, “itchy, mangy”) and ψωχός (psōkhós, “sandy”). The word has also been compared to Lithuanian sóra (“millet”).


κόνδυλος

grc-noun

κόνδῠλος • (kóndŭlos) m (genitive κονδῠ́λου); second declension

κόνδῠλος (canonical)
kóndŭlos (romanization)
κονδῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ κόνδῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κονδῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόνδῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κονδῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κονδῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κονδῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κονδῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόνδῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κονδῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κονδῠ́λους (accusative plural)
κόνδῠλε (singular vocative)
κονδῠ́λω (dual vocative)
κόνδῠλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόνδυλος (kóndylos)

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and σφόνδυλος (sphóndulos); the bare stem is seen in κόνδοι (kóndoi, “vertebrae”). Most connections outside Greek, like Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “bulb”) and Sanskrit कन्दुक (kanduka, “playball, cushion”) can be rejected straightaway. The word is probably of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the structure.


δρακοντία

grc-noun

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ • (drăkontĭ́ā) f (genitive δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
drăkontĭ́ā (romanization)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκοντῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρᾰκοντῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Possibly a feminine derivative of δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

(pathology) a disease, causing blisters on the hoofs of horses


οἴδημα

οἴδημᾰ • (oídēmă) n (genitive οἴδημᾰτος); third declension

οἴδημᾰ (canonical)
oídēmă (romanization)
οἴδημᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ οἴδημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰδήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἰδήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰδημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰδημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ οἰδήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰδημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἰδήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οἰδήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oidḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs oidḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ οἴδημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰδήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οἴδημᾰ (singular vocative)
οἰδήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: edema

From οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


δίψακος

δίψακος • (dípsakos) m (genitive δίψακου); second declension

dípsakos (romanization)
δίψακου (genitive)
ὁ δίψακος (nominative singular)
οἱ δίψακοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ διψάκου (genitive singular)
τῶν διψάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ διψάκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς διψάκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δίψακον (accusative singular)
τοὺς διψάκους (accusative plural)
δίψακε (singular vocative)
δίψακοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: dipsacos

→ Italian: dipsaco

Translingual: Dipsacus

From δίψᾰ (dípsă, “thirst”) + -ᾰκος (-ăkos).

(pathology) diabetes, attended with violent thirst


ἐμφύσημα

ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ • (emphū́sēmă) n (genitive ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος); third declension

ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (canonical)
emphū́sēmă (romanization)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμφῡσήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs emphūsḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs emphūsḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: emphysema

From ἐμφῡσᾰ́ω (emphūsắō, “I inflate”) + -μᾰ (-mă).


ἔκζεμα

grc-noun

ἔκζεμᾰ • (ékzemă) n (genitive ἐκζέμᾰτος); third declension

ἔκζεμᾰ (canonical)
ékzemă (romanization)
ἐκζέμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἔκζεμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκζέμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐκζέμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκζεμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκζεμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐκζέμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκζεμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐκζέμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐκζέμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ekzémăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs ekzémăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἔκζεμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκζέμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔκζεμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐκζέμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

(pathology) cutaneous eruption, an eczema


μάλκη

μᾰ́λκη • (mắlkē) f (genitive μᾰ́λκης); first declension

μᾰ́λκη (canonical)
mắlkē (romanization)
μᾰ́λκης (genitive)
ἡ μᾰ́λκη (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́λκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰ́λκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰ́λκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́λκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰλκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰ́λκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́λκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰ́λκαις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰ́λκην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́λκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́λκᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰ́λκη (singular vocative)
μᾰ́λκᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰ́λκαι (plural vocative)

A convincing explanation is still lacking. There have been attempts to connect this word with Lithuanian mùlkis (“blockhead”), Proto-Slavic *mьlčati (“to be silent”) and other words of doubtful origin. The connection with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”) is unconvincing. According to Beekes, maybe from Pre-Greek.


ῥάντισμα

ῥάντισμᾰ • (rhántismă) n (genitive ῥάντισμᾰτος); third declension

ῥάντισμᾰ (canonical)
rhántismă (romanization)
ῥάντισμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῥάντισμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαντίσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥαντίσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαντισμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαντισμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥαντίσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαντισμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥαντίσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῥαντίσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhantísmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs rhantísmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ῥάντισμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαντίσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥάντισμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥαντίσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ῥαντίζω (rhantízō, “to be sprinkled”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


σκῖρος

σκῖρος • (skîros) m (genitive σκίρου); second declension

skîros (romanization)
σκίρου (genitive)
ὁ σκῖρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῑ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῖροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῑ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῑ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῑ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῑ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῑ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῑ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῑ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῑ́ρους (accusative plural)
σκῖρε (singular vocative)
σκῑ́ρω (dual vocative)
σκῖροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scirros

→ Ottoman Turkish: سكیروس (sekiros)

According to Furnée, from Pre-Greek and related to σκῦρος (skûros, “chippings of stone”).

(oncology) A hardened swelling or tumour


πίτυρον

πίτῡρον • (pítūron) n (genitive πῐτῡ́ρου); second declension

πίτῡρον (canonical)
pítūron (romanization)
πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐτῡ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐτῡ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐτῡ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (accusative plural)
πῐ́τῡρον (singular vocative)
πῐτῡ́ρω (dual vocative)
πῐ́τῡρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πίτουρο (pítouro)

The formation is like λέπυρον (lépuron), but without a certain explanation. It has been connected to Latin putus (“pure”), Sanskrit पूत (pūtá, “cleansed”) and Proto-Germanic *faujaną (“to sift”), but this is highly unlikely. Note the synonymous glosses πήτεα (pḗtea), πητῖται (pētîtai) which are connected with πῆν (pên). Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix "-ῡρ-".

(pathology) bran-like eruption on the skin, especially dandruff, scurf


σφάκελος

σφάκελος • (sphákelos) m (genitive σφᾰκέλου); second declension

sphákelos (romanization)
σφᾰκέλου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́κελος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́κελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰκέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰκέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰκέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰκέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́κελον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰκέλους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́κελε (singular vocative)
σφᾰκέλω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́κελοι (plural vocative)

French: sphacèle

Italian: sfacelo

Portuguese: esfácelo

The formation is similar to σκόπελος (skópelos) and πύελος (púelos), from an unknown root. The word has been connected with Middle High German spachen (“to split”) and Low German spaken (“to putrify”) but it can hardly be correct.

unk

unknown


γονόρροια

grc-noun

γονόρροιᾰ • (gonórrhoiă) f (genitive γονορροίᾱς); first declension

γονόρροιᾰ (canonical)
gonórrhoiă (romanization)
γονορροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γονόρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γονόρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γονορροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γονορροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γονορροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γονορροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γονόρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γονορροίᾱς (accusative plural)
γονόρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
γονορροίᾱ (dual vocative)
γονόρροιαι (plural vocative)

English: gonorrhea

From γόνος (gónos, “sperm, seed”) and ῥοία (rhoía, “flux”).


ὄζαινα

ὄζαινᾰ • (ózaină) f (genitive ὀζαίνης); first declension

ὄζαινᾰ (canonical)
ózaină (romanization)
ὀζαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ὄζαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄζαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀζαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀζαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀζαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀζαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄζαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀζαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄζαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀζαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄζαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ozaena

From ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”) + -αινᾰ (-aină).

(pathology) ozaena, a type of chronic rhinitis


ἐδηδών

ἐδηδών • (edēdṓn) f (genitive ἐδηδόνος); third declension

edēdṓn (romanization)
ἐδηδόνος (genitive)
ἡ ἐδηδών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐδηδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐδηδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐδηδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐδηδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐδηδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐδηδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐδηδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐδηδόσῐ (dative plural)
ἐδηδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs edēdósĭ (dative plural)
taîs edēdósĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἐδηδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐδηδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐδηδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐδηδών (singular vocative)
ἐδηδόνε (dual vocative)
ἐδηδόνες (plural vocative)

Ultimately from ἔδω (édō, “I eat, I consume”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: φαγέδαινα (phagédaina, “cankersore”).


φαγέδαινα

φᾰγέδαινᾰ • (phăgédaină) f (genitive φᾰγέδαίνης); first declension

φᾰγέδαινᾰ (canonical)
phăgédaină (romanization)
φᾰγέδαίνης (genitive)
ἡ φᾰγέδαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰγέδαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰγεδαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰγεδαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰγεδαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰγεδαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰγεδαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰγεδαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰγέδαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰγεδαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰγέδαινᾰ (singular vocative)
φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰγέδαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: phagedaena

Ultimately from ἔφαγον (éphagon, “devour, consume”) + -αινα (-aina).


στραγγουρία

grc-noun

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ • (strangourĭ́ā) f (genitive στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
strangourĭ́ā (romanization)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ στραγγουρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στραγγουρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στραγγουρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στραγγουρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στραγγουρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στραγγουρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν στραγγουρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
στραγγουρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς

Latin: strangūria

→ English: strangury

→ French: strangurie

→ Italian: stranguria

→ Portuguese: estrangúria

→ Spanish: estranguria

From στραγγουρέω (strangouréō, “to suffer from strangury”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā), from στράγξ (stránx, “drop”) + οὐρέω (ouréō, “to urinate”).


κορδύλη

grc-noun

κορδῡ́λη • (kordū́lē) f (genitive κορδῡ́λης); first declension

κορδῡ́λη (canonical)
kordū́lē (romanization)
κορδῡ́λης (genitive)
ἡ κορδῡ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορδῦλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορδῡ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορδῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορδῡ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορδῡ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν κορδῡ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορδῡ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
κορδῡ́λη (singular vocative)
κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
κορδῦλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cordȳla

The formation is similar to κανθύλη (kanthúlē), κοτύλη (kotúlē) and σχενδύλη (skhendúlē). Güntert suggests a cross of κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “swelling”) with κορύνη (korúnē, “club, cudgel”) but this is incorrect. The prothetic "σ-" and the suffix "-ῡλ-" lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


κανθύλη

κανθύλη • (kanthúlē) f (genitive κανθύλης); first declension

kanthúlē (romanization)
κανθύλης (genitive)
ἡ κανθύλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κανθύλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κανθύλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κανθύλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κανθύλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κανθύλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κανθύλᾱς (accusative plural)
κανθύλη (singular vocative)
κανθύλᾱ (dual vocative)
κανθύλαι (plural vocative)

The comparison with Proto-Germanic *gundaz (“sore, boil; pus”) would require that κονθηλαί (konthēlaí) is original, which is highly unlikely. Strömberg derives the word from κάνθων (kánthōn) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios), both meaning pack ass. The variation α/ο is clearly Pre-Greek, as is the suffix.

cog

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 220


ἐπινυκτίς

grc-noun

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς • (epĭnuktĭ́s) f (genitive ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος); third declension

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (canonical)
epĭnuktĭ́s (romanization)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs epĭnuktĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs epĭnuktĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

Latin: epinyctis

ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “on, upon”) + νύξ (núx, “night”) + -ίς (-ís).

affix

(pathology) pustule which is most painful by night


ἔγκαυμα

grc-noun

ἔγκαυμᾰ • (énkaumă) n (genitive ἐγκαύμᾰτος); third declension

ἔγκαυμᾰ (canonical)
énkaumă (romanization)
ἐγκαύμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἔγκαυμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκαύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐγκαύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκαυμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκαυμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐγκαύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκαυμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐγκαύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγκαύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs enkaúmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs enkaúmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἔγκαυμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκαύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔγκαυμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐγκαύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: encauma


δυσεντερία

δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ • (dŭsenterĭ́ā) f (genitive δῠσεντερίᾱς); first declension

δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
dŭsenterĭ́ā (romanization)
δῠσεντερίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δῠσεντερῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῠσεντερῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῠσεντερῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δῠσεντερῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῠσεντερῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δῠσεντερῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δῠσεντερῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δῠσεντερῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: δυσεντερία (dysentería)

→ Latin: dysenteria (see there for further descendants)

From δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + ἔντερα (éntera, “bowels”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

etymon

ἔντερον>guts


ἧλος

grc-noun

ἧλος • (hêlos) m (genitive ἥλου); second declension

hêlos (romanization)
ἥλου (genitive)
ὁ ἧλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἥλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἧλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἥλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἥλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἥλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἥλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἥλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἥλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἧλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἥλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἥλους (accusative plural)
ἧλε (singular vocative)
ἥλω (dual vocative)
ἧλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ήλος (ílos)

According to Beekes, because of the Aeolic variation the word could be equated to Latin vallus (“stake, pole”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn”).

(pathology) wart, callus (also on plants)


βλάστημα

βλάστημᾰ • (blástēmă) n (genitive βλαστήμᾰτος); third declension

βλάστημᾰ (canonical)
blástēmă (romanization)
βλαστήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βλάστημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλαστήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλαστήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλαστημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλαστημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βλαστήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλαστημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλαστήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βλαστήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs blastḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs blastḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ βλάστημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βλαστήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βλάστημᾰ (singular vocative)
βλαστήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: blastema

From βλαστάνω (blastánō, “to bud, sprout, grow”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) excrescence, eruption on the skin


στραγγαλίς

grc-noun

στραγγᾰλῐ́δος

στραγγᾰλῐ́ς • (strangălĭ́s) f (genitive στραγγᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
strangălĭ́s (romanization)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ στραγγᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς στραγγᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στραγγᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στραγγᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ στραγγᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στραγγᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στραγγᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
στραγγᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs strangălĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs strangălĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν στραγγᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στραγγᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στραγγᾰλῐ́δος

From στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).

af

(pathology) knot or induration in the breast or other parts


λεύκη

grc-noun

λεύκη • (leúkē) f (genitive λεύκης); first declension

leúkē (romanization)
λεύκης (genitive)
ἡ λεύκη (nominative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λεῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λεύκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λεύκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεύκαις (dative plural)
τὴν λεύκην (accusative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεύκᾱς (accusative plural)
λεύκη (singular vocative)
λεύκᾱ (dual vocative)
λεῦκαι (plural vocative)

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -η (-ē).


ὕδερος

ὕδερος • (húderos) m (genitive ὑδέρου); second declension

húderos (romanization)
ὑδέρου (genitive)
ὁ ὕδερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὕδεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὕδερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑδέρους (accusative plural)
ὕδερε (singular vocative)
ὑδέρω (dual vocative)
ὕδεροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”) and cognate with Sanskrit उदर (udara, “belly, abdomen”), Latin uterus (“womb”) and Old Prussian weders (“belly, stomach”). This word must be separated from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”), since a full grade ὕδερ- is further unknown in Greek. The semantic shift from "belly" to "dropsy" is unproblematic, since Sanskrit उदर (udara) is also used in the sense of "pathologically swollen belly".


πῶρος

grc-noun

πῶρος • (pôros) m (genitive πώρου); second declension

pôros (romanization)
πώρου (genitive)
ὁ πῶρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πώρω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῶροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώροις (dative plural)
τὸν πῶρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πώρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώρους (accusative plural)
πῶρε (singular vocative)
πώρω (dual vocative)
πῶροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pōrus

It has no certain etymology. According to Haupt, it was borrowed from Akkadian; Furnée connects *ψώρος (*psṓros) in ψωρίτης (psōrítēs, “kind of marble”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin. Likely a Wanderwort also found in Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒈾𒁓 (/pīlu, pūlu/, “limestone”), Akkadian 𒁓𒊏 (pūru, literally “stone bowl”), Urartian 𒉌𒌓𒁍𒇻𒋛 (NA₄.pu-lu-si /pulus/, “stone, stele”), Old Armenian բուռ (buṙ, “lime, plaster, varnish”). An ancient Anatolian or Mesopotamian origin is probable, with Sumerian 𒁓 (/bur/, “stone (vessel)”) as the likely source.

unk

no certain etymology


ὑδροκέφαλον

grc-noun

ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου

ὑδροκέφᾰλον • (hudroképhălon) n (genitive ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου); second declension

ὑδροκέφᾰλον (canonical)
hudroképhălon (romanization)
ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ὑδροκέφᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδροκέφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδροκέφᾰλον (singular vocative)
ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: hydrocephalus

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).

af

(pathology) hydrocephalus, water on the brain


ἠπίαλος

grc-noun

ἠπῐ́ᾰλος • (ēpĭ́ălos) m (genitive ἠπῐᾰ́λου); second declension

ἠπῐ́ᾰλος (canonical)
ēpĭ́ălos (romanization)
ἠπῐᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ ἠπῐ́ᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠπῐᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠπῐᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠπῐᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠπῐᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἠπῐ́ᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠπῐᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ἠπῐ́ᾰλε (singular vocative)
ἠπῐᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Strömberg, it is from ἤπιος (ḗpios, “mild, soothing”), so properly "mild fever", which would be a taboo paraphrase; this seems an improbable hypothesis. The word ἠπίολος (ēpíolos, “moth”) should not be separated from this one, as is shown by Lithuanian drugys (“fever; moth”), Albanian ethe (“fever”) with ethëzë (“moth”). Given the variation α/ο, it is probably a Pre-Greek word.


ἱμάς

ἱμᾱ́ς • (himā́s) m (genitive ἱμᾰ́ντος); third declension

ἱμᾱ́ς (canonical)
himā́s (romanization)
ἱμᾰ́ντος (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔μᾱ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔μᾶσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔μᾶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hĭmâsĭ (dative plural)
toîs hĭmâsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔μᾰ́ντᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔μᾱ́ς (singular vocative)
ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (dual vocative)
ῐ̔μᾰ́ντες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιμάντας (imántas)

As a secondary formation in -ντ-, this word presupposed a noun *ἱμᾱ (*himā) or ἱμα (hima) meaning "rope", which is also continued in ἱμάω (himáō), ἱμάσθλη (himásthlē) and ἱμαῖος (himaîos). An n-stem is continued by ἱμονιά (himoniá), which probably derives from *ἱμων (*himōn). This last form exactly matches Proto-Germanic *sīmô (“rope”), and also Sanskrit सीमन् (sīman, “border, frontier, margin”), all from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂i-men (“to tie, bind”). A suffix -m- is also found in Irish sim (“chain”).


γαγγλίον

grc-noun

γᾰγγλῐ́ον • (gănglĭ́on) n (genitive γᾰγγλῐ́ου); second declension

γᾰγγλῐ́ον (canonical)
gănglĭ́on (romanization)
γᾰγγλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ γᾰγγλῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰγγλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰγγλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰγγλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰγγλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰγγλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰγγλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰγγλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰγγλῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰγγλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰγγλῐ́ον (singular vocative)
γᾰγγλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: ganglion

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“round, swollen”), like Latin galla (“oak apple”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, comparing the word with ᾰ̓́γλῑς (ắglīs, “clove of garlic”), γέλγῐς (gélgĭs, “clove of garlic”) and γᾰ́λῐνθοι (gắlĭnthoi, “chickpeas”).

der

(oncology) encysted tumour on a tendon or aponeurosis


ἴκτερος

grc-noun

ἴκτερος • (íkteros) m (genitive ἰκτέρου); second declension

íkteros (romanization)
ἰκτέρου (genitive)
ὁ ἴκτερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκτέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴκτεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰκτέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκτέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰκτέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰκτέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴκτερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκτέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰκτέρους (accusative plural)
ἴκτερε (singular vocative)
ἰκτέρω (dual vocative)
ἴκτεροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: icterus

→ Translingual: Icterus

The formation is reminiscent of ὕδερος (húderos) and χολέρα (kholéra), but further details are unknown. The connection with ἴκτις (íktis, “marten”) and ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”) is defended by Grošelj Živa, who assumes a colour root ἰκ- (ik-, “yellow, green”), and compares ἰκμαλέον (ikmaléon, “green, moist”). This remains speculative. According to Furnée, the group -κτ- points to Pre-Greek origin.


πρίω

grc-verb

πρῑ́ω • (prī́ō)

πρῑ́ω (canonical)
prī́ō (romanization)
πρῑ́ω (active first-person indicative singular)
πρῑ́εις (active indicative second-person singular)
πρῑ́ει (active indicative singular third-person)
πρῑ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
πρῑ́ετον (active dual indicative third-person)
πρῑ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
πρῑ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
πρῑ́ουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
πρῑ́ουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
πρῑ́ω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́ῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́ῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́ητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́ητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́ωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πρῑ́ητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́ωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́ωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́οιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πρῑ́οις (active optative second-person singular)
πρῑ́οι (active optative singular third-person)
πρῑ́οιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πρῑοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πρῑ́οιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πρῑ́οιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πρῑ́οιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πρῖε (active imperative second-person singular)
πρῑέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
πρῑ́ετον (active dual imperative second-person)
πρῑέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
πρῑ́ετε (active imperative plural second-person)
πρῑόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
πρῑ́ομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
πρῑ́ῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πρῑ́ει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
πρῑ́εται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
πρῑ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
πρῑ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
πρῑόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
πρῑ́εσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
πρῑ́ονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
πρῑ́ωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́ῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́ηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́ησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́ησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
πρῑώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
πρῑ́ησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́ωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
πρῑ́οιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
πρῑ́οιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
πρῑ́οισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
πρῑοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
πρῑοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
πρῑ́οισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
πρῑ́οιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
πρῑ́ου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
πρῑέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
πρῑ́εσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
πρῑέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
πρῑ́εσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
πρῑέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
πρῑ́ειν (active infinitive)
πρῑ́εσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
πρῑ́ων (active masculine participle)
πρῑόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
πρῑ́ουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πρῑομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
πρῖον (active neuter participle)
πρῑόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔπρῑον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπρῑες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπρῑε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπρῑεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπρῑ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπρῑέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπρῑ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπρῑ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπρῑον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐπρῑόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐπρῑ́ου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐπρῑ́ετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐπρῑ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐπρῑέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐπρῑόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐπρῑ́εσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐπρῑ́οντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἔπρῑσᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔπρῑσᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔπρῑσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔπρῑσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐπρῑσᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔπρῑσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
πρῑ́σω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́σῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́σῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́σητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́σητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́σωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
πρῑ́σητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́σωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́σωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́σαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
πρῑ́σειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
πρῑ́σαις (active optative second-person singular)
πρῑ́σειε (active optative singular third-person)
πρῑ́σειεν (active optative singular third-person)
πρῑ́σαι (active optative singular third-person)
πρῑ́σαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
πρῑσαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
πρῑ́σαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
πρῑ́σαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
πρῑ́σειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
πρῑ́σαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
πρῖσον (active imperative second-person singular)
πρῑσᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
πρῑ́σᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
πρῑσᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
πρῑ́σᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
πρῑσᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐπρῑσᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐπρῑ́σω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐπρῑσᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐπρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐπρῑ́σᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
πρῑ́σωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́σῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑ́σηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
πρῑ́σησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́σησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
πρῑσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
πρῑ́σησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
πρῑ́σωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑσαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
πρῑ́σαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
πρῑ́σαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
πρῑ́σαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
πρῑσαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
πρῑσαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
πρῑ́σαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
πρῑ́σαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
πρῖσαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
πρῑσᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
πρῑ́σᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
πρῑσᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
πρῑ́σᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
πρῑσᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐπρῑ́θην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐπρῑ́θης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐπρῑ́θη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐπρῑ́θητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐπρῑθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐπρῑ́θημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐπρῑ́θητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐπρῑ́θησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
πρῑθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
πρῑθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
πρῑθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
πρῑθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
πρῑθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
πρῑθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
πρῑθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
πρῑθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
πρῑθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
πρῑθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
πρῑθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
πρῑθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
πρῑθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
πρῑθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
πρῑθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
πρῑθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
πρῑθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
πρῑθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
πρῑθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
πρῑθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
πρῑθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
πρῑ́θητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
πρῑθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
πρῑ́θητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
πρῑθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
πρῑ́θητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
πρῑθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
πρῖσαι (active infinitive)
πρῑ́σᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
πρῑθῆναι (infinitive passive)
πρῑ́σᾱς (active masculine participle)
πρῑσᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
πρῑθείς (masculine participle passive)
πρῑ́σᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
πρῑσᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
πρῑθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
πρῖσᾰν (active neuter participle)
πρῑσᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
πρῑθέν (neuter participle passive)

Unknown. This verb seems to point to a stem *pris-, perhaps older *pri-. It may correlate with πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), however the value of this comparison is yet unclear. Further etymological comparison has proven fruitless; the link with Albanian prish (“to spoil, break, destroy”) is uncertain, while others assume an onomatopoeic origin.

cog

(of teeth, pathology) to grind or gnash
(generally) to bite

(of teeth, pathology) to grind or gnash
(of syllables) to cut off