στῆθος

grc-noun

στῆθος • (stêthos) n (genitive στήθεος or στήθους); third declension

stêthos (romanization)
στήθεος (genitive)
στήθους (genitive)
τὸ στῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ στήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ στήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στηθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesi (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesin (dative plural)
τὸ στῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ στήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθη (plural vocative)
στῆθος (nominative singular)
στήθει (dual nominative)
στήθεε (dual nominative)
στήθεᾰ (nominative plural)
στήθεος (genitive singular)
στήθευς (genitive singular)
στηθέοιν (dual genitive)
στηθέων (genitive plural)
στήθεσφι (genitive plural)
στήθεσφιν (genitive plural)
stēthéōn (genitive plural)
stḗthesphi (genitive plural)
stḗthesphin (genitive plural)
στήθει (dative singular)
στήθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
στηθέοιν (dative dual)
στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
stḗthesi (dative plural)
stḗthesin (dative plural)
στῆθος (accusative singular)
στήθει (accusative dual)
στήθεε (accusative dual)
στήθεᾰ (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθεε (dual vocative)
στήθεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στηθέων, στήθεσφι(ν)

→ English: stetho-

Greek: στήθος (stíthos)

As this word is also Doric and Aeolic, the connection with ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”) must be given up. The similarity to στήνιον (stḗnion), Old Armenian ստին (stin, “breast”) and Sanskrit स्तन (stana, “female breast”) is hardly coincidental. If cognate, the relation between this word and στήνιον (stḗnion) would be like that of Latin plēnus (“full”) to πλῆθος (plêthos, “multitude”).


ἄφθα

grc-noun

ἄφθᾰ • (áphtha) f (genitive ἄφθης); first declension

ἄφθᾰ (canonical)
áphtha (romanization)
ἄφθης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́φθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓φθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́φθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́φθαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́φθᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́φθᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́φθᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́φθᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́φθαι (plural vocative)

→ English: aphtha

→ French: aphte

→ German: Aphthe

→ Greek: άφθα (áftha)

→ Italian: afta

→ Portuguese: afta

→ Romanian: aftă

A term first attested in Hippokrates, with doubt connected to ἅπτω (háptō, “to burn or to fasten, join”). Possibly a technical loan with physicians from Aramaic with emphatic state ending, later attested only in one particular meaning in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā), Classical Syriac ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā, “oakgalls”), verb אֲפַץ (ʾap̄aṣ, “to dress with gallnut juice”), but more generally Mishnaic Hebrew אָפַץ (ʾāp̄aṣ), אָפַס (ʾāp̄as, “to press, to squeeze”). ἀψίς (apsís), ἁψίς (hapsís, “net, mesh; bow”) is also only doubtingly derived from ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, join”).

cog

(pathology, chiefly in the plural) aphtha, mouth ulcer, thrush


ἀθήρωμα

grc-noun

ἀθήρωμα • (athḗrōma) n (genitive ἀθηρώματος); third declension

athḗrōma (romanization)
ἀθηρώματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀθηρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθηρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀθηρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀθηρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀθηρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀθήρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: atheroma

From ἀθάρη (athárē, “groats, porridge”) + -ωμᾰ (-ōma, “disease, tumor”).


γλαύκωμα

grc-noun

γλαύκωμᾰ • (glaúkōma) n (genitive γλαυκώμᾰτος); third declension

γλαύκωμᾰ (canonical)
glaúkōma (romanization)
γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γλαυκώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλαυκώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γλαυκώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γλαύκωμᾰ (singular vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκωμα (gláfkoma)

→ Latin: glaucōma (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: глауко́ма (glaukóma)
→ Kazakh: глаукома (glaukoma)

From γλαυκόω (glaukóō, “to color blue-grey”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


βουβών

grc-noun

βουβών • (boubṓn) m (genitive βουβῶνος); third declension

boubṓn (romanization)
βουβῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουβών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουβῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουβῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουβώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουβῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουβῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουβῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs boubôsi (dative plural)
toîs boubôsin (dative plural)
τὸν βουβῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουβῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουβών (singular vocative)
βουβῶνε (dual vocative)
βουβῶνες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būbō, būbōnēs

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European expressive root *bew-, *bow- (“to swell; ball”); see βῠβός (bubós, “full, great”), βου- (bou-, augmentative prefix), βουνός (bounós, “hill, mound; clot”), βοῦᾰ (boûa, “group of children; herd?”), βῶλος (bôlos, “clod”), βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), but these cannot be regular morphological derivations of the same root.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(pathology) a bubo in the groin (a swelling of lymph nodes due to infection)


γάγγραινα

grc-noun

γάγγραινᾰ • (gángraina) f (genitive γαγγραίνης); first declension

γάγγραινᾰ (canonical)
gángraina (romanization)
γαγγραίνης (genitive)
ἡ γάγγραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γάγγραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαγγραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαγγραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαγγραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαγγραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν γάγγραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαγγραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
γάγγραινᾰ (singular vocative)
γαγγραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
γάγγραιναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: gangraena
French: gangrène
→ English: gangrene
→ Romanian: gangrenă, cangrenă
→ Turkish: kangren
Italian: cancrena
Russian: гангрена (gangrena)
Spanish: gangrena

In antiquity it was compared with γράω (gráō, “to devour”) but this is incorrect. It is most probably a Pre-Greek word.


κήλη

grc-noun

κήλη • (kḗlē) f (genitive κήλης); first declension

kḗlē (romanization)
κήλης (genitive)
ἡ κήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κήλᾱς (accusative plural)
κήλη (singular vocative)
κήλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: -cele

Greek: κήλη (kíli)

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂u-l-eh₂ (“tumour”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kyla (“rupture”) and Proto-Germanic *haulaz (“hernia”). However the Attic form is still unexplained.


κιρσός

κῐρσός • (kirsós) m (genitive κῐρσοῦ); second declension

κῐρσός (canonical)
kirsós (romanization)
κῐρσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κῐρσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐρσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐρσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐρσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐρσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐρσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κῐρσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐρσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐρσούς (accusative plural)
κῐρσέ (singular vocative)
κῐρσώ (dual vocative)
κῐρσοί (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the variation "σ/ξ" shows that the word is from Pre-Greek.

(pathology) varicocele, enlargement of a vein


κράσπεδον

κρᾰ́σπεδον • (kráspedon) n (genitive κρᾰσπέδου); second declension

κρᾰ́σπεδον (canonical)
kráspedon (romanization)
κρᾰσπέδου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰσπέδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰσπέδων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰσπέδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰσπέδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰσπέδοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾰ́σπεδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰσπέδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́σπεδον (singular vocative)
κρᾰσπέδω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́σπεδᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: craspedophyte

Greek: κράσπεδο (kráspedo)

Unknown. Traditionally analyzed as an old compound of κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) (in the form κράσ-), with a faded second member πέδον (pédon, “plain, ground”), for which Sanskrit द्रुपद (drupada, “wooden pillar, post”) is compared. The first member would point to an original meaning "upper border", according to Risch. However, Nussbaum is very sceptical; there is no indication whatsoever that it would contain the word for "head".

cog

(pathology) fimbria, affection of the uvula


κόνδυλος

grc-noun

κόνδῠλος • (kóndulos) m (genitive κονδῠ́λου); second declension

κόνδῠλος (canonical)
kóndulos (romanization)
κονδῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ κόνδῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κονδῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόνδῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κονδῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κονδῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κονδῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κονδῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόνδῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κονδῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κονδῠ́λους (accusative plural)
κόνδῠλε (singular vocative)
κονδῠ́λω (dual vocative)
κόνδῠλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόνδυλος (kóndylos)

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and σφόνδυλος (sphóndulos); the bare stem is seen in κόνδοι (kóndoi, “vertebrae”). Most connections outside Greek, like Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “bulb”) and Sanskrit कन्दुक (kanduka, “playball, cushion”) can be rejected straightaway. The word is probably of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the structure.


δρακοντία

grc-noun

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ • (drakontíā) f (genitive δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
drakontíā (romanization)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκοντῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρᾰκοντῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Possibly a feminine derivative of δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

(pathology) a disease, causing blisters on the hoofs of horses


οἴδημα

οἴδημᾰ • (oídēma) n (genitive οἴδημᾰτος); third declension

οἴδημᾰ (canonical)
oídēma (romanization)
οἴδημᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ οἴδημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰδήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἰδήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰδημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰδημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ οἰδήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰδημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἰδήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οἰδήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oidḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs oidḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ οἴδημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰδήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οἴδημᾰ (singular vocative)
οἰδήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
οἰδήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: edema

From οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


δίψακος

δίψακος • (dípsakos) m (genitive δίψακου); second declension

dípsakos (romanization)
δίψακου (genitive)
ὁ δίψακος (nominative singular)
οἱ δίψακοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ διψάκου (genitive singular)
τῶν διψάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ διψάκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς διψάκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δίψακον (accusative singular)
τοὺς διψάκους (accusative plural)
δίψακε (singular vocative)
δίψακοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: dipsacos

→ Italian: dipsaco

Translingual: Dipsacus

From δίψᾰ (dípsa, “thirst”) + -ᾰκος (-akos).

(pathology) diabetes, attended with violent thirst


ἐμφύσημα

ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ • (emphū́sēma) n (genitive ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος); third declension

ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (canonical)
emphū́sēma (romanization)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμφῡσημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμφῡσήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs emphūsḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs emphūsḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐμφῡ́σημᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐμφῡσήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: emphysema

From ἐμφῡσᾰ́ω (emphūsáō, “I inflate”) + -μᾰ (-ma).


ἔκζεμα

grc-noun

ἔκζεμᾰ • (ékzema) n (genitive ἐκζέμᾰτος); third declension

ἔκζεμᾰ (canonical)
ékzema (romanization)
ἐκζέμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἔκζεμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐκζέμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐκζέμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐκζεμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐκζεμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐκζέμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐκζεμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐκζέμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐκζέμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ekzémasi (dative plural)
toîs ekzémasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔκζεμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐκζέμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔκζεμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐκζέμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐκζέμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

(pathology) cutaneous eruption, an eczema


μάλκη

μᾰ́λκη • (málkē) f (genitive μᾰ́λκης); first declension

μᾰ́λκη (canonical)
málkē (romanization)
μᾰ́λκης (genitive)
ἡ μᾰ́λκη (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́λκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰ́λκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰ́λκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́λκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰλκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰ́λκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰ́λκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰ́λκαις (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰ́λκην (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰ́λκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́λκᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰ́λκη (singular vocative)
μᾰ́λκᾱ (dual vocative)
μᾰ́λκαι (plural vocative)

A convincing explanation is still lacking. There have been attempts to connect this word with Lithuanian mùlkis (“blockhead”), Proto-Slavic *mьlčati (“to be silent”) and other words of doubtful origin. The connection with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”) is unconvincing. According to Beekes, maybe from Pre-Greek.


ῥάντισμα

ῥάντισμᾰ • (rhántisma) n (genitive ῥάντισμᾰτος); third declension

ῥάντισμᾰ (canonical)
rhántisma (romanization)
ῥάντισμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῥάντισμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαντίσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥαντίσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαντισμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαντισμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥαντίσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαντισμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥαντίσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῥαντίσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhantísmasi (dative plural)
toîs rhantísmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῥάντισμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαντίσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῥάντισμᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥαντίσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῥαντίσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From ῥαντίζω (rhantízō, “to be sprinkled”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


σκῖρος

σκῖρος • (skîros) m (genitive σκίρου); second declension

skîros (romanization)
σκίρου (genitive)
ὁ σκῖρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῑ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῖροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῑ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῑ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῑ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῑ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῑ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῑ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῑ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῑ́ρους (accusative plural)
σκῖρε (singular vocative)
σκῑ́ρω (dual vocative)
σκῖροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scirros

→ Ottoman Turkish: سكیروس (sekiros)

According to Furnée, from Pre-Greek and related to σκῦρος (skûros, “chippings of stone”).

(oncology) A hardened swelling or tumour


πίτυρον

πίτῡρον • (pítūron) n (genitive πῐτῡ́ρου); second declension

πίτῡρον (canonical)
pítūron (romanization)
πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐτῡ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐτῡ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐτῡ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐτῡ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐτῡ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ πῐ́τῡρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐτῡ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῐ́τῡρᾰ (accusative plural)
πῐ́τῡρον (singular vocative)
πῐτῡ́ρω (dual vocative)
πῐ́τῡρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πίτουρο (pítouro)

The formation is like λέπυρον (lépuron), but without a certain explanation. It has been connected to Latin putus (“pure”), Sanskrit पूत (pūtá, “cleansed”) and Proto-Germanic *faujaną (“to sift”), but this is highly unlikely. Note the synonymous glosses πήτεα (pḗtea), πητῖται (pētîtai) which are connected with πῆν (pên). Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix "-ῡρ-".

(pathology) bran-like eruption on the skin, especially dandruff, scurf


σφάκελος

σφάκελος • (sphákelos) m (genitive σφᾰκέλου); second declension

sphákelos (romanization)
σφᾰκέλου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́κελος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́κελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰκέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰκέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰκέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰκέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰκέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́κελον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰκέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰκέλους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́κελε (singular vocative)
σφᾰκέλω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́κελοι (plural vocative)

French: sphacèle

Italian: sfacelo

Portuguese: esfácelo

The formation is similar to σκόπελος (skópelos) and πύελος (púelos), from an unknown root. The word has been connected with Middle High German spachen (“to split”) and Low German spaken (“to putrify”) but it can hardly be correct.

unk

unknown


γονόρροια

grc-noun

γονόρροιᾰ • (gonórrhoia) f (genitive γονορροίᾱς); first declension

γονόρροιᾰ (canonical)
gonórrhoia (romanization)
γονορροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γονόρροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γονόρροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γονορροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γονορροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γονορροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γονορροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γονορροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν γονόρροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γονορροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γονορροίᾱς (accusative plural)
γονόρροιᾰ (singular vocative)
γονορροίᾱ (dual vocative)
γονόρροιαι (plural vocative)

English: gonorrhea

From γόνος (gónos, “sperm, seed”) and ῥοία (rhoía, “flux”).


ὄζαινα

ὄζαινᾰ • (ózaina) f (genitive ὀζαίνης); first declension

ὄζαινᾰ (canonical)
ózaina (romanization)
ὀζαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ὄζαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄζαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀζαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀζαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀζαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀζαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄζαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀζαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄζαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀζαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄζαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ozaena

From ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).

(pathology) ozaena, a type of chronic rhinitis


ἐδηδών

ἐδηδών • (edēdṓn) f (genitive ἐδηδόνος); third declension

edēdṓn (romanization)
ἐδηδόνος (genitive)
ἡ ἐδηδών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐδηδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐδηδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐδηδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐδηδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐδηδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐδηδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐδηδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐδηδόσῐ (dative plural)
ἐδηδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs edēdósi (dative plural)
taîs edēdósin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐδηδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐδηδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐδηδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐδηδών (singular vocative)
ἐδηδόνε (dual vocative)
ἐδηδόνες (plural vocative)

Ultimately from ἔδω (édō, “I eat, I consume”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: φαγέδαινα (phagédaina, “cankersore”).


φαγέδαινα

φᾰγέδαινᾰ • (phagédaina) f (genitive φᾰγέδαίνης); first declension

φᾰγέδαινᾰ (canonical)
phagédaina (romanization)
φᾰγέδαίνης (genitive)
ἡ φᾰγέδαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰγέδαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰγεδαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰγεδαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰγεδαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰγεδαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰγεδαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰγεδαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰγέδαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰγεδαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰγέδαινᾰ (singular vocative)
φᾰγεδαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰγέδαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: phagedaena

Ultimately from ἔφαγον (éphagon, “devour, consume”) + -αινα (-aina).


στραγγουρία

grc-noun

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ • (strangouríā) f (genitive στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
strangouríā (romanization)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ στραγγουρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στραγγουρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στραγγουρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στραγγουρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στραγγουρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στραγγουρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν στραγγουρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
στραγγουρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱ

στραγγουρῐ́ᾱς

Latin: strangūria

→ English: strangury

→ French: strangurie

→ Italian: stranguria

→ Portuguese: estrangúria

→ Spanish: estranguria

From στραγγουρέω (strangouréō, “to suffer from strangury”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from στράγξ (stránx, “drop”) + οὐρέω (ouréō, “to urinate”).


κορδύλη

grc-noun

κορδῡ́λη • (kordū́lē) f (genitive κορδῡ́λης); first declension

κορδῡ́λη (canonical)
kordū́lē (romanization)
κορδῡ́λης (genitive)
ἡ κορδῡ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορδῦλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορδῡ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορδῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορδῡ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορδῡ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορδῡ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν κορδῡ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ κορδῡ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορδῡ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
κορδῡ́λη (singular vocative)
κορδῡ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
κορδῦλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cordȳla

The formation is similar to κανθύλη (kanthúlē), κοτύλη (kotúlē) and σχενδύλη (skhendúlē). Güntert suggests a cross of κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “swelling”) with κορύνη (korúnē, “club, cudgel”) but this is incorrect. The prothetic "σ-" and the suffix "-ῡλ-" lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


κανθύλη

κανθύλη • (kanthúlē) f (genitive κανθύλης); first declension

kanthúlē (romanization)
κανθύλης (genitive)
ἡ κανθύλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κανθύλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κανθύλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κανθύλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθύλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κανθύλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κανθύλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθύλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κανθύλᾱς (accusative plural)
κανθύλη (singular vocative)
κανθύλᾱ (dual vocative)
κανθύλαι (plural vocative)

The comparison with Proto-Germanic *gundaz (“sore, boil; pus”) would require that κονθηλαί (konthēlaí) is original, which is highly unlikely. Strömberg derives the word from κάνθων (kánthōn) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios), both meaning pack ass. The variation α/ο is clearly Pre-Greek, as is the suffix.

cog

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 220


ἐπινυκτίς

grc-noun

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς • (epinuktís) f (genitive ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος); third declension

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (canonical)
epinuktís (romanization)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs epinuktísi (dative plural)
taîs epinuktísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐπῐνυκτῐ́δος

Latin: epinyctis

ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, upon”) + νύξ (núx, “night”) + -ίς (-ís).

affix

(pathology) pustule which is most painful by night


ἔγκαυμα

grc-noun

ἔγκαυμᾰ • (énkauma) n (genitive ἐγκαύμᾰτος); third declension

ἔγκαυμᾰ (canonical)
énkauma (romanization)
ἐγκαύμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἔγκαυμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκαύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐγκαύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκαυμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκαυμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐγκαύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκαυμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐγκαύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγκαύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs enkaúmasi (dative plural)
toîs enkaúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔγκαυμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκαύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔγκαυμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἐγκαύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐγκαύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: encauma


ἧλος

ἧλος • (hêlos) m (genitive ἥλου); second declension

hêlos (romanization)
ἥλου (genitive)
ὁ ἧλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἥλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἧλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἥλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἥλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἥλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἥλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἥλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἥλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἧλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἥλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἥλους (accusative plural)
ἧλε (singular vocative)
ἥλω (dual vocative)
ἧλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ήλος (ílos)

According to Beekes, because of the Aeolic variation the word could be equated to Latin vallus (“stake, pole”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn”).

(pathology) wart, callus (also on plants)


βλάστημα

βλάστημᾰ • (blástēma) n (genitive βλαστήμᾰτος); third declension

βλάστημᾰ (canonical)
blástēma (romanization)
βλαστήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βλάστημᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλαστήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλαστήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλαστημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλαστημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βλαστήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλαστημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλαστήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βλαστήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs blastḗmasi (dative plural)
toîs blastḗmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βλάστημᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βλαστήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βλάστημᾰ (singular vocative)
βλαστήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βλαστήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: blastema

From βλαστάνω (blastánō, “to bud, sprout, grow”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) excrescence, eruption on the skin


στραγγαλίς

grc-noun

στραγγᾰλῐ́δος

στραγγᾰλῐ́ς • (strangalís) f (genitive στραγγᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
strangalís (romanization)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ στραγγᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς στραγγᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στραγγᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στραγγᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ στραγγᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στραγγᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στραγγᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
στραγγᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs strangalísi (dative plural)
taîs strangalísin (dative plural)
τὴν στραγγᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στραγγᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
στραγγᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
στραγγᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στραγγᾰλῐ́δος

From στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

af

(pathology) knot or induration in the breast or other parts


λεύκη

grc-noun

λεύκη • (leúkē) f (genitive λεύκης); first declension

leúkē (romanization)
λεύκης (genitive)
ἡ λεύκη (nominative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λεῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λεύκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λεύκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεύκαις (dative plural)
τὴν λεύκην (accusative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεύκᾱς (accusative plural)
λεύκη (singular vocative)
λεύκᾱ (dual vocative)
λεῦκαι (plural vocative)

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -η (-ē).


ὕδερος

ὕδερος • (húderos) m (genitive ὑδέρου); second declension

húderos (romanization)
ὑδέρου (genitive)
ὁ ὕδερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὕδεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὕδερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑδέρους (accusative plural)
ὕδερε (singular vocative)
ὑδέρω (dual vocative)
ὕδεροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”) and cognate with Sanskrit उदर (udara, “belly, abdomen”), Latin uterus (“womb”) and Old Prussian weders (“belly, stomach”). This word must be separated from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”), since a full grade ὕδερ- is further unknown in Greek. The semantic shift from "belly" to "dropsy" is unproblematic, since Sanskrit उदर (udara) is also used in the sense of "pathologically swollen belly".


πῶρος

grc-noun

πῶρος • (pôros) m (genitive πώρου); second declension

pôros (romanization)
πώρου (genitive)
ὁ πῶρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πώρω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῶροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώροις (dative plural)
τὸν πῶρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πώρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώρους (accusative plural)
πῶρε (singular vocative)
πώρω (dual vocative)
πῶροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pōrus

It has no certain etymology. According to Haupt, it was borrowed from Akkadian; Furnée connects *ψώρος (*psṓros) in ψωρίτης (psōrítēs, “kind of marble”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin. Likely a Wanderwort also found in Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒈾𒁓 (/pīlu, pūlu/, “limestone”), Akkadian 𒁓𒊏 (pūru, literally “stone bowl”), Urartian 𒉌𒌓𒁍𒇻𒋛 (NA₄.pu-lu-si /pulus/, “stone, stele”), Old Armenian բուռ (buṙ, “lime, plaster, varnish”). An ancient Anatolian or Mesopotamian origin is probable, with Sumerian 𒁓 (/bur/, “stone (vessel)”) as the likely source.

unk

no certain etymology


ὑδροκέφαλον

grc-noun

ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου

ὑδροκέφᾰλον • (hudroképhalon) n (genitive ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου); second declension

ὑδροκέφᾰλον (canonical)
hudroképhalon (romanization)
ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ὑδροκέφᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδροκεφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδροκέφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδροκέφᾰλον (singular vocative)
ὑδροκεφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ὑδροκέφᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: hydrocephalus

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).

af

(pathology) hydrocephalus, water on the brain


ἠπίαλος

grc-noun

ἠπῐ́ᾰλος • (ēpíalos) m (genitive ἠπῐᾰ́λου); second declension

ἠπῐ́ᾰλος (canonical)
ēpíalos (romanization)
ἠπῐᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ ἠπῐ́ᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠπῐᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠπῐᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠπῐᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠπῐᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἠπῐ́ᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠπῐᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ἠπῐ́ᾰλε (singular vocative)
ἠπῐᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Strömberg, it is from ἤπιος (ḗpios, “mild, soothing”), so properly "mild fever", which would be a taboo paraphrase; this seems an improbable hypothesis. The word ἠπίολος (ēpíolos, “moth”) should not be separated from this one, as is shown by Lithuanian drugys (“fever; moth”), Albanian ethe (“fever”) with ethëzë (“moth”). Given the variation α/ο, it is probably a Pre-Greek word.


ἱμάς

ἱμᾱ́ς • (himā́s) m (genitive ἱμᾰ́ντος); third declension

ἱμᾱ́ς (canonical)
himā́s (romanization)
ἱμᾰ́ντος (genitive)
ὁ ἱ̆μᾱ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔μᾶσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔μᾶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs himâsi (dative plural)
toîs himâsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔μᾰ́ντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔μᾰ́ντᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̔μᾱ́ς (singular vocative)
ῐ̔μᾰ́ντε (dual vocative)
ῐ̔μᾰ́ντες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιμάντας (imántas)

As a secondary formation in -ντ-, this word presupposed a noun *ἱμᾱ (*himā) or ἱμα (hima) meaning "rope", which is also continued in ἱμάω (himáō), ἱμάσθλη (himásthlē) and ἱμαῖος (himaîos). An n-stem is continued by ἱμονιά (himoniá), which probably derives from *ἱμων (*himōn). This last form exactly matches Proto-Germanic *sīmô (“rope”), and also Sanskrit सीमन् (sīman, “border, frontier, margin”), all from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂i-men (“to tie, bind”). A suffix -m- is also found in Irish sim (“chain”).

der

straps on which the body of a chariot was hung


γαγγλίον

grc-noun

γᾰγγλῐ́ον • (ganglíon) n (genitive γᾰγγλῐ́ου); second declension

γᾰγγλῐ́ον (canonical)
ganglíon (romanization)
γᾰγγλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ γᾰγγλῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰγγλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰγγλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰγγλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰγγλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰγγλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰγγλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰγγλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰγγλῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰγγλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰγγλῐ́ον (singular vocative)
γᾰγγλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
γᾰγγλῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: ganglion

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“round, swollen”), like Latin galla (“oak apple”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, comparing the word with ᾰ̓́γλῑς (áglīs, “clove of garlic”), γέλγῐς (gélgis, “clove of garlic”) and γᾰ́λῐνθοι (gálinthoi, “chickpeas”).

der

(oncology) encysted tumour on a tendon or aponeurosis


ἴκτερος

grc-noun

ἴκτερος • (íkteros) m (genitive ἰκτέρου); second declension

íkteros (romanization)
ἰκτέρου (genitive)
ὁ ἴκτερος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκτέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴκτεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰκτέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκτέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰκτέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰκτέροις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴκτερον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκτέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰκτέρους (accusative plural)
ἴκτερε (singular vocative)
ἰκτέρω (dual vocative)
ἴκτεροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: icterus

→ Translingual: Icterus

The formation is reminiscent of ὕδερος (húderos) and χολέρα (kholéra), but further details are unknown. The connection with ἴκτις (íktis, “marten”) and ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”) is defended by Grošelj Živa, who assumes a colour root ἰκ- (ik-, “yellow, green”), and compares ἰκμαλέον (ikmaléon, “green, moist”). This remains speculative. According to Furnée, the group -κτ- points to Pre-Greek origin.


νεφέλιον

νεφέλῐον • (nephélion) n (genitive νεφελῐ́ου); second declension

νεφέλῐον (canonical)
nephélion (romanization)
νεφελῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ νεφέλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ νεφελῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νεφέλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νεφελῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεφελῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεφελῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ νεφελῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεφελῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νεφελῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ νεφέλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ νεφελῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νεφέλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
νεφέλῐον (singular vocative)
νεφελῐ́ω (dual vocative)
νεφέλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

(pathology) cloud-like opacity on the eye


στῦμα

grc-noun

στῦμᾰ • (stûma) n (genitive στῡ́μᾰτος); third declension

στῦμᾰ (canonical)
stûma (romanization)
στῡ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ στῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ στῡ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στῡ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στῡ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῡμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῡμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ στῡ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στῡμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στῡ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
στῡ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stū́masi (dative plural)
toîs stū́masin (dative plural)
τὸ στῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στῡ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στῡ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
στῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
στῡ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
στῡ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From στύω (stúō, “to make stiff, erect”) + -μα (-ma).


βράγχος

grc-noun

βρᾰ́γχος • (bránkhos) m (genitive βρᾰ́γχου); second declension

βρᾰ́γχος (canonical)
bránkhos (romanization)
βρᾰ́γχου (genitive)
ὁ βρᾰ́γχος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρᾰ́γχω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρᾰ́γχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρᾰ́γχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρᾰ́γχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρᾰ́γχων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρᾰ́γχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρᾰ́γχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρᾰ́γχοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρᾰ́γχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρᾰ́γχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρᾰ́γχους (accusative plural)
βρᾰ́γχε (singular vocative)
βρᾰ́γχω (dual vocative)
βρᾰ́γχοι (plural vocative)

The resemblance with βρόγχος (brónkhos, “windpipe”) may have caused the semantic shift of βράγχιον (bránkhion, “fin; gill”). Furnée connects the word with βραχώδης (brakhṓdēs, “rough, harsh”), βρακίας (brakías, “rough places”) and βαρακινῇσιν (barakinêisin, “thorns, palisade”). This shows a set of variants βρακ-/βραχ-/βραγχ- which are typical of Pre-Greek. The additional -α- in the first syllable of βάραγχος (bárankhos) may be due to purely phonetic epenthesis, but this type of variation, too, is frequent in Pre-Greek words as well.

foot-and-mouth disease
foot-and-mouth disease

(pathology) kind of disease of swine, either anthrax or foot-and-mouth disease


ἁφή

ἁφή • (haphḗ) f (genitive ἁφῆς); first declension

haphḗ (romanization)
ἁφῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἁφή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἁφᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἁφαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἁφῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἁφαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἁφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἁφῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἁφαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἁφαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἁφήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἁφᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἁφᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἁφή (singular vocative)
ἁφᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἁφαί (plural vocative)

Greek: αφή (afí)

→ Latin: afa

From ἅπτω (háptō, “to kindle, set fire; to touch; to fasten”) + -ή (-ḗ).

af

(pathology) infection, especially of leprosy


καρκίνωμα

grc-noun

κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτος

κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ • (karkínōma) n (genitive κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτος); third declension

κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (canonical)
karkínōma (romanization)
κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρκῐνωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρκῐνωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρκῐνωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰρκῐνώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰρκῐνώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs karkinṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs karkinṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτος

→ Latin: carcinōma

From καρκινόω (karkinóō, “to suffer from cancer”) + -μα (-ma), from καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”).


σαρκοκήλη

grc-noun

σᾰρκοκήλη • (sarkokḗlē) f (genitive σᾰρκοκήλης); first declension

σᾰρκοκήλη (canonical)
sarkokḗlē (romanization)
σᾰρκοκήλης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰρκοκήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰρκοκήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰρκοκῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰρκοκήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρκοκήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρκοκηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰρκοκήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρκοκήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰρκοκήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰρκοκήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰρκοκήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰρκοκήλᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰρκοκήλη (singular vocative)
σᾰρκοκήλᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰρκοκῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: sarcocele

From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κήλη (kḗlē, “tumour, hernia”).

compound

(oncology) sarcocele, a fleshy excrescence on the testicles


ὑδροκήλη

grc-noun

ὑδροκήλη • (hudrokḗlē) f (genitive ὑδροκήλης); first declension

hudrokḗlē (romanization)
ὑδροκήλης (genitive)
ἡ ὑδροκήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδροκῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδροκήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδροκηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδροκήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδροκήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδροκήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδροκήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδροκήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδροκήλᾱς (accusative plural)
ὑδροκήλη (singular vocative)
ὑδροκήλᾱ (dual vocative)
ὑδροκῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: hydrocele

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + κήλη (kḗlē, “tumour, hernia”).

af

(pathology) hydrocele, water in the scrotum


χειράγρα

grc-noun

χειρᾰ́γρᾱ • (kheirágrā) f (genitive χειρᾰ́γρᾱς); first declension

χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (canonical)
kheirágrā (romanization)
χειρᾰ́γρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χειρᾰ́γραι (nominative plural)
τῆς χειρᾰ́γρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειρᾰ́γραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειρᾰγρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χειρᾰ́γρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειρᾰ́γραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χειρᾰ́γραις (dative plural)
τὴν χειρᾰ́γρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χειρᾰ́γρᾱς (accusative plural)
χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (singular vocative)
χειρᾰ́γρᾱ (dual vocative)
χειρᾰ́γραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chīragra

→ English: chiragra

From χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + ἄγρᾱ (ágrā, “catching”).


ἐπιπλοκήλη

grc-noun

ἐπῐπλοκήλη • (epiplokḗlē) f (genitive ἐπῐπλοκήλης); first declension

ἐπῐπλοκήλη (canonical)
epiplokḗlē (romanization)
ἐπῐπλοκήλης (genitive)
ἡ ἐπῐπλοκήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐπλοκήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐπῐπλοκῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐπῐπλοκήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐπλοκήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐπλοκηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐπῐπλοκήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐπλοκήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐπῐπλοκήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐπῐπλοκήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐπλοκήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐπῐπλοκήλᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐπῐπλοκήλη (singular vocative)
ἐπῐπλοκήλᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐπῐπλοκῆλαι (plural vocative)

From ἐπῐ́πλοον (epíploon, “omentum”) + κήλη (kḗlē, “tumour, hernia”).


ἐντεροκήλη

grc-noun

ἐντεροκήλη • (enterokḗlē) f (genitive ἐντεροκήλης); first declension

enterokḗlē (romanization)
ἐντεροκήλης (genitive)
ἡ ἐντεροκήλη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐντεροκήλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐντεροκῆλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐντεροκήλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐντεροκήλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐντεροκηλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐντεροκήλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐντεροκήλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐντεροκήλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐντεροκήλην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐντεροκήλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐντεροκήλᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐντεροκήλη (singular vocative)
ἐντεροκήλᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐντεροκῆλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: enterocele

From ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”) + κήλη (kḗlē, “tumour, hernia”).


ῥαγάς

grc-noun

ῥᾰγᾰ́ς • (rhagás) f (genitive ῥᾰγᾰ́δος); third declension

ῥᾰγᾰ́ς (canonical)
rhagás (romanization)
ῥᾰγᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾰγᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰγᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾰγᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾰγᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰγᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾰγᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾰγᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰγᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾰγᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥᾰγᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhagási (dative plural)
taîs rhagásin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾰγᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰγᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰγᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥᾰγᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥᾰγᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥᾰγᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: ραγάδα (ragáda)

→ Latin: rhagades

→ English: rhagade

→ Italian: ragade

From ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi, “to break asunder, shatter”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás).


ἄργεμον

grc-noun

ἄργεμον • (árgemon) n (genitive ἀργέμου); second declension

árgemon (romanization)
ἀργέμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄργεμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀργέμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄργεμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀργέμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀργέμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀργέμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀργέμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀργέμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀργέμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄργεμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀργέμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄργεμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄργεμον (singular vocative)
ἀργέμω (dual vocative)
ἄργεμᾰ (plural vocative)

Connected to *ἄργος (*árgos) in ἀργεστής (argestḗs, “north-west wind”) and ἀργεννός (argennós, “white”), like ἄνθεμον (ánthemon) to ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”), yet the latter derivation is difficult. Further connected to ἀργός (argós, “white”). Regarding the plant significations this has together with ἀργεμώνη (argemṓnē, “pale poppy, Papaver argemone; agrimony”) been put to Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒌋𒌋𒉡 (argamannu, “purple”) which has given rise to the names of various purple plants.

(pathology) albugo, a white speck on the eye


πλεκτάνη

πλεκτᾰ́νη • (plektánē) f (genitive πλεκτᾰ́νης); first declension

πλεκτᾰ́νη (canonical)
plektánē (romanization)
πλεκτᾰ́νης (genitive)
ἡ πλεκτᾰ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ πλεκτᾰ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλεκτᾰ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πλεκτᾰ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλεκτᾰ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλεκτᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλεκτᾰ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλεκτᾰ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλεκτᾰ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν πλεκτᾰ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ πλεκτᾰ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλεκτᾰ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
πλεκτᾰ́νη (singular vocative)
πλεκτᾰ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
πλεκτᾰ́ναι (plural vocative)

Greek: πλεκτάνη (plektáni)

From πλέκω (plékō, “to plait, twine”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ánē, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) mastoid growth in the uterus


ὑδρόμφαλον

grc-noun

ὑδρόμφᾰλον • (hudrómphalon) n (genitive ὑδρομφᾰ́λου); second declension

ὑδρόμφᾰλον (canonical)
hudrómphalon (romanization)
ὑδρομφᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ὑδρόμφᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρόμφᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδρομφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδρομφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδρομφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδρομφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδρόμφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρόμφᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδρόμφᾰλον (singular vocative)
ὑδρομφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ὑδρόμφᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter of ὑδρόμφᾰλος (hudrómphalos, “suffering from umbilical hernia”).

(pathology) umbilical hernia, supposed to be due to fluid


ὀσφυαλγία

ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ • (osphualgíā) f (genitive ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
osphualgíā (romanization)
ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσφῠᾰλγῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀσφῠᾰλγῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: οσφυαλγία (osfyalgía)

From ὀσφῠᾰλγέω (osphualgéō, “to have lumbago”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).


λῆψις

grc-noun

λῆψῐς • (lêpsis) f (genitive λήψεως); third declension

λῆψῐς (canonical)
lêpsis (romanization)
λήψεως (genitive)
ἡ λῆψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λήψει (dual nominative)
αἱ λήψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς λήψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λήψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ λήψει (dative singular)
τοῖν ληψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λήψεσῐ (dative plural)
λήψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs lḗpsesi (dative plural)
taîs lḗpsesin (dative plural)
τὴν λῆψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ λήψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λήψεις (accusative plural)
λῆψῐ (singular vocative)
λήψει (dual vocative)
λήψεις (plural vocative)

From λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take, grasp, seize”) + -σῐς (-sis).


ἡμικρανία

grc-noun

ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ • (hēmikrāníā) f (genitive ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
hēmikrāníā (romanization)
ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμῐκρᾱνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: hēmicrānia

From ἡμῐ- (hēmi-, half) + κρᾱνῐ́ον (krāníon, “head; skull”), possibly a calque of Egyptian gs-tp (“migraine”), from gs (“half”) + tp (“head”), although the Egyptian and Greek terms could also be independently derived.

af

pain on one side of the head or face, migraine


γαργαρεών

grc-noun

γᾰργᾰρεών • (gargareṓn) m (genitive γᾰργᾰρεῶνος); third declension

γᾰργᾰρεών (canonical)
gargareṓn (romanization)
γᾰργᾰρεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ γᾰργᾰρεών (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰργᾰρεῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰργᾰρεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰργᾰρεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰργᾰρεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰργᾰρεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰργᾰρεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰργᾰρεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰργᾰρεῶσῐ (dative plural)
γᾰργᾰρεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gargareôsi (dative plural)
toîs gargareôsin (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰργᾰρεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰργᾰρεῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰργᾰρεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰργᾰρεών (singular vocative)
γᾰργᾰρεῶνε (dual vocative)
γᾰργᾰρεῶνες (plural vocative)

Onomatopoeic formation with intensive reduplication. Related to γαργαρίζω (gargarízō, “to gargle”).


ἔφηλις

ἔφηλῐς • (éphēlis) f (genitive ἐφήλῐδος); third declension

ἔφηλῐς (canonical)
éphēlis (romanization)
ἐφήλῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ἔφηλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐφήλῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐφήλῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐφήλῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐφηλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐφηλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐφήλῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐφηλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐφήλῐσῐ (dative plural)
ἐφήλῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ephḗlisi (dative plural)
taîs ephḗlisin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐφήλῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐφήλῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐφήλῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔφηλῐς (singular vocative)
ἐφήλῐδε (dual vocative)
ἐφήλῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ephēlis

→ English: ephelis

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon, over, epi-”) + ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) + -ῐς (-is, nominal suffix).

af

(dermatology, pathology, usually in the plural) freckles


χήμωσις

grc-noun

χήμωσῐς • (khḗmōsis) f (genitive χημώσεως); third declension

χήμωσῐς (canonical)
khḗmōsis (romanization)
χημώσεως (genitive)
ἡ χήμωσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ χημώσει (dual nominative)
αἱ χημώσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς χημώσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν χημωσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χημώσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ χημώσει (dative singular)
τοῖν χημωσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χημώσεσῐ (dative plural)
χημώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khēmṓsesi (dative plural)
taîs khēmṓsesin (dative plural)
τὴν χήμωσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ χημώσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χημώσεις (accusative plural)
χήμωσῐ (singular vocative)
χημώσει (dual vocative)
χημώσεις (plural vocative)

From χήμη (khḗmē, “clam, cockle”) + -ωσῐς (-ōsis, “state, condition”).

af

(pathology) an affection of the eyes, when the cornea swells like a cockle-shell so as to impede sight


ὕδρωψ

grc-noun

ὕδρωψ • (húdrōps) m (genitive ὕδρωπος); third declension

húdrōps (romanization)
ὕδρωπος (genitive)
ὁ ὕ̆δρωψ (nominative singular)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δρωπος (genitive singular)
τῷ ῠ̔́δρωπῐ (dative singular)
τὸν ῠ̔́δρωπᾰ (accusative singular)
ὕ̆δρωψ (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: hydrōps
Late Latin: hydropisia
Old French: ydropisie, idropsie
French: hydropisie
→ Middle English: dropesie, idropesie
English: dropsy, hydropsy
Old Spanish: ydropisia
Spanish: hidropesía
→ English: hydrops


αἱμορροΐς

grc-noun

αἱμορροΐς • (haimorrhoḯs) f (genitive αἱμορροΐδος); third declension

haimorrhoḯs (romanization)
αἱμορροΐδος (genitive)
ἡ αἱμορροΐς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς αἱμορροῐ̈́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμορροῐ̈́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἱμορροῐ̈́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐ (dative plural)
αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoḯsi (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoḯsin (dative plural)
τὴν αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰς (accusative plural)
αἱμορροΐς (singular vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: αιμορροΐδα (aimorroḯda)

→ Belarusian: гемаро́й (hjemarój)

→ Bulgarian: хеморои́д (hemoroíd)

→ Macedonian: хемороид (hemoroid)

→ Russian: геморро́й (gemorrój)

→ Turkish: hemoroit

→ Ukrainian: геморо́й (hemorój)

→ Volapük: hemoroid

→ Latin: haemorrhoidae

→ Catalan: hemorroide (learned)

→ Czech: hemoroid

→ Danish: hæmoride, hæmorroide

desctree

→ Middle English: emeroides, emerowdes, emeroydez, emoroydes, emoroides, emoraidez, ameraundys, emerawdys, emerawntys, emerodes
English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods

→ Esperanto: hemoroido

→ French: hémorroïde (learned)

→ Galician: hemorroide (learned)

→ German: Hämorrhoide

→ Indonesian: hemoroid

→ Italian: emorroide (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hemoroide

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hemoroide

→ Polish: hemoroid

→ Portuguese: hemorroida

→ Romanian: hemoroid (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: hemoròīd

→ Slovak: hemoroid

→ Spanish: hemorroide (learned)

→ Swedish: hemorrojd

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”) + -ίς (-ís). Also serves as the feminine of αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”).

af

(chiefly in the plural) veins liable to discharge blood, especially haemorrhoids, piles


γόγγρος

grc-noun

γόγγρος • (góngros) m (genitive γόγγρου); second declension

góngros (romanization)
γόγγρου (genitive)
ὁ γόγγρος (nominative singular)
τὼ γόγγρω (dual nominative)
οἱ γόγγροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γόγγρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γόγγροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γόγγρων (genitive plural)
τῷ γόγγρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γόγγροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γόγγροις (dative plural)
τὸν γόγγρον (accusative singular)
τὼ γόγγρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γόγγρους (accusative plural)
γόγγρε (singular vocative)
γόγγρω (dual vocative)
γόγγροι (plural vocative)

Latin: conger (see there for further descendants)

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.8.6

(phytopathology) tubercular disease in olive trees