καίω

grc-verb

καίω • (kaíō)

kaíō (romanization)
καίω (active first-person indicative singular)
καίεις (active indicative second-person singular)
καίει (active indicative singular third-person)
καίετον (active dual indicative second-person)
καίετον (active dual indicative third-person)
καίομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
καίετε (active indicative plural second-person)
καίουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
καίουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
καίω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
καίῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
καίῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
καίητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
καίητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
καίωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
καίητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
καίωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
καίωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
καίοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
καίοις (active optative second-person singular)
καίοι (active optative singular third-person)
καίοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
καιοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
καίοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
καίοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
καίοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
καῖε (active imperative second-person singular)
καιέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
καίετον (active dual imperative second-person)
καιέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
καίετε (active imperative plural second-person)
καιόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
καίομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
καίῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
καίει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
καίεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
καίεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
καίεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
καιόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
καίεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
καίονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
καίωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
καίῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
καίηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
καίησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
καίησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
καιώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
καίησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
καίωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
καιοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
καίοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
καίοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
καίοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
καιοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
καιοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
καίοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
καίοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
καίου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
καιέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
καίεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
καιέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
καίεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
καιέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
καίειν (active infinitive)
καίεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
καίων (active masculine participle)
καιόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
καίουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
καιομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
καῖον (active neuter participle)
καιόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔκαιον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔκαιες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔκαιε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔκαιεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκαίετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐκαιέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐκαίομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐκαίετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔκαιον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐκαιόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐκαίου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐκαίετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐκαίεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐκαιέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐκαιόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐκαίεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐκαίοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
καῖον (active first-person indicative singular)
καῖες (active indicative second-person singular)
καῖε (active indicative singular third-person)
καῖεν (active indicative singular third-person)
καίετον (active dual indicative second-person)
καιέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
καίομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
καίετε (active indicative plural second-person)
καῖον (active indicative plural third-person)
καιόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
καίου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
καίετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
καίεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
καιέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
καιόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
καιόμεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
καίεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
καίοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
καύσω (active first-person indicative singular)
καύσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
καύσει (active indicative singular third-person)
καύσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
καύσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
καύσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
καύσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
καύσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
καύσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
καύσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
καύσοις (active optative second-person singular)
καύσοι (active optative singular third-person)
καύσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
καυσοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
καύσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
καύσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
καύσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
καύσομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
καύσῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
καύσει (indicative middle second-person singular)
καύσεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
καύσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
καύσεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
καυσόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
καύσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
καύσονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
καυσοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
καύσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
καύσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
καύσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
καυσοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
καυσοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
καύσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
καύσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
καυθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
καυθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
καυθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
καυθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
καυθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
καυθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
καυθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
καυθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
καυθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
καυθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
καυθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
καυθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
καυθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
καυθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
καυθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
καυθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
καύσειν (active infinitive)
καύσεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
καυθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
καύσων (active masculine participle)
καυσόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
καυθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
καύσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
καυσομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
καυθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
καῦσον (active neuter participle)
καυσόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
καυθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
καήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
καήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
καήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
καήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
καήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
καησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
καήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
καήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
καησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
καήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
καήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
καήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
καησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
καησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
καήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
καήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
καήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
καησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
καησομένη (feminine participle passive)
καησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
ἔκαυσᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔκαυσᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔκαυσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔκαυσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκαύσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐκαυσᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐκαύσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐκαύσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔκαυσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
καύσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
καύσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
καύσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
καύσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
καύσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
καύσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
καύσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
καύσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
καύσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
καύσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
καύσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
καύσαις (active optative second-person singular)
καύσειε (active optative singular third-person)
καύσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
καύσαι (active optative singular third-person)
καύσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
καυσαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
καύσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
καύσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
καύσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
καύσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
καῦσον (active imperative second-person singular)
καυσᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
καύσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
καυσᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
καύσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
καυσᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐκαυσᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐκαύσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐκαύσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐκαύσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐκαυσᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐκαυσᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐκαύσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐκαύσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
καύσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
καύσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
καύσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
καύσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
καύσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
καυσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
καύσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
καύσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
καυσαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
καύσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
καύσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
καύσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
καυσαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
καυσαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
καύσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
καύσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
καῦσαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
καυσᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
καύσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
καυσᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
καύσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
καυσᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐκαύθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐκαύθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐκαύθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐκαύθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐκαυθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐκαύθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐκαύθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐκαύθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
καυθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
καυθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
καυθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
καυθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
καυθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
καυθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
καυθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
καυθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
καυθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
καυθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
καυθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
καυθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
καυθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
καυθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
καυθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
καυθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
καυθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
καυθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
καυθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
καυθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
καυθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
καυθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
καύθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
καυθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
καύθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
καυθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
καύθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
καυθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
καῦσαι (active infinitive)
καύσᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
καυθῆναι (infinitive passive)
καύσᾱς (active masculine participle)
καυσᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
καυθείς (masculine participle passive)
καύσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
καυσᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
καυθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
καῦσᾰν (active neuter participle)
καυσᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
καυθέν (neuter participle passive)
ἔκηᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔκηᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔκηε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔκηεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκήᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐκηᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐκήᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐκήᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔκηᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
κήω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κήωμῐ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κήῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κήῃσθᾰ (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κήῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κήῃσῐ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κήητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
κήητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
κήωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
κήητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
κήωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κήωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κήαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
κήαις (active optative second-person singular)
κήαισθᾰ (active optative second-person singular)
κήειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
κήειε (active optative singular third-person)
κήειεν (active optative singular third-person)
κήαι (active optative singular third-person)
κηεῖτον (active dual optative second-person)
κηείτην (active dual optative third-person)
κηεῖμεν (active first-person optative plural)
κηεῖτε (active optative plural second-person)
κηεῖεν (active optative plural third-person)
κῆον (active imperative second-person singular)
κηᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
κήᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
κηᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
κήᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
κηᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐκηᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐκήᾰο (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐκήᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐκήᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐκηᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐκηᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐκηᾰ́μεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐκήᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐκήᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
κήωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
κήηαι (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
κήηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
κήησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
κήησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
κηώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
κηώμεσθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
κήησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
κήωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
κηαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
κήαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
κήαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
κήαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
κηαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
κηαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
κηαίμεσθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
κήαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
κηαίᾰτο (middle optative plural third-person)
κῆαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
κηᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
κήᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
κηᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
κήᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
κηᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
κῆαι (active infinitive)
κηᾰ́μεν (active infinitive)
κηᾰμέναι (active infinitive)
κήᾰσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
κήᾱς (active masculine participle)
κηᾰ́μενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
κήᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
κηᾰμένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
κῆᾰν (active neuter participle)
κηᾰ́μενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἔκειᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔκειᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔκειε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔκειεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκείᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐκειᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐκείᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐκείᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔκειᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
κείω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κείωμῐ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κείῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κείῃσθᾰ (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κείῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κείῃσῐ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κείητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
κείητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
κείωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
κείητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
κείωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κείωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κείαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
κείαις (active optative second-person singular)
κείαισθᾰ (active optative second-person singular)
κείειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
κείειε (active optative singular third-person)
κείειεν (active optative singular third-person)
κείαι (active optative singular third-person)
κειεῖτον (active dual optative second-person)
κειείτην (active dual optative third-person)
κειεῖμεν (active first-person optative plural)
κειεῖτε (active optative plural second-person)
κειεῖεν (active optative plural third-person)
κεῖον (active imperative second-person singular)
κειᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
κείᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
κειᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
κείᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
κειᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐκειᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐκείᾰο (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐκείᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐκείᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐκειᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐκειᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐκειᾰ́μεσθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐκείᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐκείᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
κείωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
κείηαι (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
κείηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
κείησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
κείησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
κειώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
κειώμεσθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
κείησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
κείωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
κειαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
κείαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
κείαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
κείαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
κειαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
κειαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
κειαίμεσθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
κείαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
κειαίᾰτο (middle optative plural third-person)
κεῖαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
κειᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
κείᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
κειᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
κείᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
κειᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
κεῖαι (active infinitive)
κειᾰ́μεν (active infinitive)
κειᾰμέναι (active infinitive)
κείᾰσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
κείᾱς (active masculine participle)
κειᾰ́μενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
κείᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
κειᾰμένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
κεῖᾰν (active neuter participle)
κειᾰ́μενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἐκάην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐκάης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐκάη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐκάητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐκαήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐκάημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐκάητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐκάησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
καῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
καῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
καῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
καῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
καῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
καῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
καῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
καῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
καῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
καείην (first-person optative passive singular)
καείης (optative passive second-person singular)
καείη (optative passive singular third-person)
καεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
καείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
καείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
καειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
καεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
καείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
καεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
καείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
καεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
καείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
κάηθῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
καήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
κάητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
καήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
κάητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
καέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
καῆναι (infinitive passive)
καείς (masculine participle passive)
καεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
καέν (neuter participle passive)
κέκαυκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
κέκαυκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
κέκαυκε (active indicative singular third-person)
κέκαυκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
κεκαύκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
κεκαύκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
κεκαύκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
κεκαύκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
κεκαύκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
κεκαύκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
κεκαύκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
κεκαύκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
κεκαύκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
κεκαύκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
κεκαύκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
κεκαύκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
κεκαύκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
κεκαύκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κεκαύκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
κεκαύκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
κεκαυκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
κεκαύκοις (active optative second-person singular)
κεκαυκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
κεκαύκοι (active optative singular third-person)
κεκαυκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
κεκαύκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
κεκαυκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
κεκαύκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
κεκαύκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
κεκαύκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
κέκαυκε (active imperative second-person singular)
κεκαυκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
κεκαύκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
κεκαυκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
κεκαύκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
κεκαυκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
κέκαυμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
κέκαυσαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
κέκαυται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
κέκαυσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
κέκαυσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
κεκαύμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
κέκαυσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
κέκαυνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
κεκαυμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
κεκαυμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
κεκαυμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
κεκαυμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
κεκαυμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
κεκαυμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
κεκαυμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
κεκαυμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
κεκαυμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
κεκαυμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
κεκαυμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
κεκαυμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
κεκαυμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
κεκαυμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
κεκαυμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
κεκαυμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
κεκαυμένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
κέκαυσο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
κεκαύσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
κέκαυσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
κεκαύσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
κέκαυσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
κεκαύσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
κεκαυκέναι (active infinitive)
κεκαῦσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
κεκαυκώς (active masculine participle)
κεκαυμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
κεκαυκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
κεκαυμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
κεκαυκός (active neuter participle)
κεκαυμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἐκεκαύκειν (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐκεκαύκη (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐκεκαύκεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐκεκαύκης (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐκεκαύκει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκεκαύκειν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐκεκαύκετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐκεκαυκέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐκεκαύκεμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐκεκαύκετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐκεκαύκεσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐκεκαύμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐκέκαυσο (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐκέκαυτο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐκέκαυσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐκεκαύσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐκεκαύμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐκέκαυσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐκέκαυντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)

Greek: καίω (kaío), καίγω (kaígo)

English: ink

From Proto-Hellenic *kayyō, past that is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w- (“to burn”), with cognates such as Lithuanian kūlė̃ (“smut fungus ("burnt fungus")”), Latvian kūla (“old; dry; grass of last year”), and possibly Persian سو (su, “light”).


γλουτός

grc-noun

γλουτός • (gloutós) m (genitive γλουτοῦ); second declension

gloutós (romanization)
γλουτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γλουτός (nominative singular)
τὼ γλουτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γλουτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλουτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλουτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλουτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλουτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλουτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γλουτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλουτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλουτούς (accusative plural)
γλουτέ (singular vocative)
γλουτώ (dual vocative)
γλουτοί (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ γλουτᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν γλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς γλουτοῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ γλουτᾰ́ (accusative plural)
γλουτᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλουτός (gloutós)

⇒ Catalan: gluti

⇒ English: gluteus

Compared with Slovene glûta (“lump, swelling”); further with Old English clūd (“rock, boulder”), which is semantically less evident. Without t-suffix, there is Sanskrit ग्लौ (glaú, “round lump, wen-like excrescence”). The Indo-European material is not very convincing. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.66

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Fractures 13

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 493a.23

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.9

ὅταν δὲ περιενέγκῃ τὸν πόδα, τότε καὶ τὼ γλουτὼ καθέτω ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον.

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.2

hótan dè perienénkēi tòn póda, tóte kaì tṑ gloutṑ kathétō epì tòn híppon.

120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 393.8

300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 6.401

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Amores (Affairs of the Heart) 14

I., AI 15.374

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 43.23.2

155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 62.2.4

350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Par.Eu.Io. 21.40

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.340

Triph. 81

120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 105.17

Thdt., H.Rel. 18.1

(of a horse) a haunch (contrasted with ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip-joint”))


σκελετός

grc-noun

σκελετός • (skeletós) m (genitive σκελετοῦ); second declension

skeletós (romanization)
σκελετοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σκελετός (nominative singular)
τὼ σκελετώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σκελετοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκελετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκελετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκελετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκελετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκελετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκελετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σκελετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκελετώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκελετούς (accusative plural)
σκελετέ (singular vocative)
σκελετώ (dual vocative)
σκελετοί (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: esquelet

→ German: Skelett

→ Greek: σκελετός (skeletós) (learned)

→ Latin: sceletus

From σκέλλω (skéllō, “to dry up, parch”) + -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix).


ἱδρώς

grc-noun

ῑ̆̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs) m (genitive ῑ̆̔δρῶτος); third declension

ῑ̆̔δρώς (canonical)
hīdrṓs (romanization)
ῑ̆̔δρῶτος (genitive)
ὁ ἱδρώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱδρῶτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱδρῶτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱδρώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱδρῶτι (dative singular)
ἱδρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ (dative plural)
ἱδρῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsi (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱδρώς (singular vocative)
ἱδρῶτε (dual vocative)
ἱδρῶτες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιδρώτας (idrótas)

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Particularly close cognates include Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

μετὰ ἱδρῶτος

κατὰ δ’ ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέων

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.599

ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτί

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 767

ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι

τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 289, (of sweat as the sign of toil)

tês aretês hidrôta theoì propároithen éthēkan

ἱδρῶτα παρέχειν

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.29

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.36

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867a.13

ἱδρῶτες ξηροί

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239c, (opposed to the effect of baths)

C.E. 80–110, Textus Receptus, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22.44


πάγκρεας

πᾰ́γκρεᾰς • (pánkreas) n (genitive πᾰγκρέᾰτος); third declension

πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (canonical)
pánkreas (romanization)
πᾰγκρέᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρέᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰγκρέᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρεᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰγκρεᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰγκρέᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρεᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰγκρέᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰγκρέᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pankréasi (dative plural)
toîs pankréasin (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρέᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πᾰ́γκρεᾰς (singular vocative)
πᾰγκρέᾰτε (dual vocative)
πᾰγκρέᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πάγκρεας (págkreas)

→ Latin: pancreas

From παν- (pan-, all) + κρέας (kréas, “meat”).


μεθοδικός

μεθοδῐκός (canonical)
methodikós (romanization)
μεθοδῐκή (feminine)
μεθοδῐκόν (neuter)
μεθοδῐκός (masculine nominative singular)
μεθοδῐκή (feminine nominative singular)
μεθοδῐκόν (neuter nominative singular)
μεθοδῐκώ (dual masculine nominative)
μεθοδῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
μεθοδῐκώ (dual neuter nominative)
μεθοδῐκοί (masculine nominative plural)
μεθοδῐκαί (feminine nominative plural)
μεθοδῐκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
μεθοδῐκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
μεθοδῐκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
μεθοδῐκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
μεθοδῐκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
μεθοδῐκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
μεθοδῐκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
μεθοδῐκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
μεθοδῐκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
μεθοδῐκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
μεθοδῐκῷ (dative masculine singular)
μεθοδῐκῇ (dative feminine singular)
μεθοδῐκῷ (dative neuter singular)
μεθοδῐκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
μεθοδῐκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
μεθοδῐκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
μεθοδῐκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
μεθοδῐκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
μεθοδῐκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
μεθοδῐκόν (accusative masculine singular)
μεθοδῐκήν (accusative feminine singular)
μεθοδῐκόν (accusative neuter singular)
μεθοδῐκώ (accusative dual masculine)
μεθοδῐκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
μεθοδῐκώ (accusative dual neuter)
μεθοδῐκούς (accusative masculine plural)
μεθοδῐκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
μεθοδῐκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
μεθοδῐκέ (masculine singular vocative)
μεθοδῐκή (feminine singular vocative)
μεθοδῐκόν (neuter singular vocative)
μεθοδῐκώ (dual masculine vocative)
μεθοδῐκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
μεθοδῐκώ (dual neuter vocative)
μεθοδῐκοί (masculine plural vocative)
μεθοδῐκαί (feminine plural vocative)
μεθοδῐκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
μεθοδῐκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μεθοδῐκώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μεθοδῐκώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: μεθοδικός (methodikós)


ἀθήρωμα

grc-noun

ἀθήρωμα • (athḗrōma) n (genitive ἀθηρώματος); third declension

athḗrōma (romanization)
ἀθηρώματος (genitive)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀθηρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθηρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀθηρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθηρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀθηρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀθηρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs athērṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἀθήρωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθηρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀθήρωμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀθηρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: atheroma

From ἀθάρη (athárē, “groats, porridge”) + -ωμᾰ (-ōma, “disease, tumor”).


καῦμα

grc-noun

καῦμᾰ • (kaûma) n (genitive καύμᾰτος); third declension

καῦμᾰ (canonical)
kaûma (romanization)
καύμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ καῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ καύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν καυμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καυμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ καύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν καυμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
καύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kaúmasi (dative plural)
toîs kaúmasin (dative plural)
τὸ καῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ καύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
καῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
καύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
καύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: cauma, caumō

Greek: καύμα (kávma)

burning, glow, heat (especially of the sun)


ἀρτηρία

ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ • (artēríā) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
artēríā (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: artēria (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: арте́рия (artérija)

Supposed contraction of *ᾰ̓ορτηρῐ́ᾱ (*aortēríā) (cf. ᾰ̓ορτήρ (aortḗr)), from ᾰ̓είρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang up”).
It was assumed that all blood vessels transported both blood and πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breathe, spirit”), in a similar way as how the latter is transported through the τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία (trakheîa artēría, literally “rough artery”). This might explain why windpipe and artery share the same name.

(anatomy)
artery (as distinct from a vein)


φάρυγξ

φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phárunx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension

φᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
phárunx (romanization)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs pháruxi (dative plural)
taîs pháruxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phárunxi (dative plural)
taîs phárunxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρυγγας (fáryngas)

→ New Latin: pharynx
→ English: pharynx

→ Italian: faringe

According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”), but phonetically this is somewhat problematic as the Greek form requires laryngeal metathesis to *bʰr̥Hug-, turning the root disyllabic, for unknown reasons. Alternatively, it could be related to φᾰ́ρᾰγξ (pháranx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”), also of disputed origin.
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -ῠγγ- (or -ῠγ-) argues for a Pre-Greek origin. Compare λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lárunx).

der

(in the plural, pathology) diseases of the throat


ῥόμβος

grc-noun

ῥόμβος • (rhómbos) m (genitive ῥόμβου); second declension

rhómbos (romanization)
ῥόμβου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόμβους (accusative plural)
ῥόμβε (singular vocative)
ῥόμβω (dual vocative)
ῥόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ρόμβος (rómvos) (learned)

→ Latin: rhombus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ռումբ (ṙumb) (possibly)

→ Georgian: რუმბი (rumbi) (possibly)

→ Russian: ромб m (romb)


σῦριγξ

σῦρῐγξ • (sûrinx) f (genitive σῡ́ρῐγγος); third declension

σῦρῐγξ (canonical)
sûrinx (romanization)
σῡ́ρῐγγος (genitive)
ἡ σῦρῐγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡ́ρῐγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ σῡ́ρῐγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς σῡ́ρῐγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡρῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡρῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῡ́ρῐγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡρῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῡ́ρῐγξῐ (dative plural)
σῡ́ρῐγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs sū́rinxi (dative plural)
taîs sū́rinxin (dative plural)
τὴν σῡ́ρῐγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡ́ρῐγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῡ́ρῐγγᾰς (accusative plural)
σῦρῐγξ (singular vocative)
σῡ́ρῐγγε (dual vocative)
σῡ́ρῐγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: σύριγγα f (sýringa, “pan pipes”)

Katharevousa: σύριγξ f (sýrinx, “pan pipes”)

desctree

→ Latin: sȳrinx
Catalan: xeringa, → siringa
French: seringue
→ English: syringe
Italian: siringa
Portuguese: siringe, siringa, seringa
Spanish: siringe
Translingual: Syringa

→ Old Armenian: սրինգ (sring)

→ Sanskrit: सुरङ्ग (suraṅga)

desc

→ Bengali: সুড়ঙ্গ (śuṛoṅgo) (semi-learned)

→ Translingual: Syringa

The suffix -ιγγ- implies a Pre-Greek origin because of non-native pronunciation.

(medicine, in the plural) bronchial passages


συμπάθεια

grc-noun

σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ • (sumpátheia) f (genitive σῠμπᾰθείᾱς); first declension

σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (canonical)
sumpátheia (romanization)
σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῠμπᾰ́θειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠμπᾰθείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠμπᾰθειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῠμπᾰθείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠμπᾰθείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῠμπᾰθείαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῠμπᾰθείᾱς (accusative plural)
σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (singular vocative)
σῠμπᾰθείᾱ (dual vocative)
σῠμπᾰ́θειαι (plural vocative)

Greek: συμπάθεια (sympátheia)

desctree

→ Latin: sympathīa
→ Middle French: sympathie
French: sympathie
→ Dutch: sympathie
→ English: sympathy
→ Polish: sympatia
→ Russian: симпа́тия f (simpátija), сочу́вствие n inan (sočúvstvije) (calque)
→ German: Sympathie
→ Italian: simpatia
→ Portuguese: simpatia
→ Spanish: simpatía
→ Swedish: sympati

→ Finnish: sympatia

→ Serbo-Croatian: simpatija

From σῠμπᾰθής (sumpathḗs, “affected by like feelings; exerting mutual influence, interacting”) + -ῐᾰ (-ia, “-y”, nominal suffix).

af

(medicine) sympathetic affection of the body


ὄπιον

grc-noun

ὄπῐον • (ópion) n (genitive ὀπῐ́ου); second declension

ὄπῐον (canonical)
ópion (romanization)
ὀπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ὄπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄπῐον (singular vocative)
ὀπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὄπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: opium, opion
→ Asturian: opiu
→ Catalan: opi
→ Czech: opium
→ English: opium
→ French: opium
→ German: Opium
→ Italian: oppio
→ Middle Dutch: opium
Dutch: opium
Afrikaans: opium
→ Indonesian: opium
→ West Frisian: opium
→ Portuguese: ópio
→ Romanian: opiu
→ Russian: о́пиум (ópium)
→ Spanish: opio

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (apiyōn)

Persian: اپیون (apiyôn), هپیون (hapiyōn)

desctree

→ Arabic: أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn), أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn) — obsolete
→ Chinese: 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
→ Kurdish
Northern Kurdish: afyon, efyon
→ Middle Armenian: աֆիօն (afiōn), աֆիոն (afion)
→ Indonesian: apiun
→ Madurese: ꦲꦕ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀
→ Old French: affion
→ Ottoman Turkish: آفیون (afyon), աֆիյօն (afiyon) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: afyon
→ Hungarian: áfium
→ Macedonian: афион (afion)
→ Romanian: afion
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: афѝо̄н
Latin script: afìōn
→ Persian: افیون (afyun), اپیون (apyun), ابیون (abyun), هپیون (hapyun), هبیون (habyun), آپیون (âpyun), پیون (piyun)
→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)
→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)
→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)
→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)
→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)
→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)
→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)
→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)
→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)
→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)
→ Uzbek: afyun
→ Spanish: anfión
→ Sundanese: apiun
→ Swahili: afyuni

desc

→ Georgian: აფიონი (apioni), აფთიონი (aptioni)

→ Old Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

Middle Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion), աբիոն (abion)

Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

→ Sanskrit: अफेन (aphena)


εὐνή

grc-noun

εὐνή • (eunḗ) f (genitive εὐνῆς); first declension

eunḗ (romanization)
εὐνῆς (genitive)
ἡ εὐνή (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐναί (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐνῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνῶν (genitive plural)
εὐνῆφι (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐνῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν εὐνήν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
εὐνή (singular vocative)
εὐνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
εὐναί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

εὐνῶν, εὐνῆφι

Epic also has εὐνῆφι(ν) for the genitive singular and plural.

Greek: ευνή (evní)

Uncertain. Compare Old Irish úam (“cave, hole, an animal's lair”), Avestan 𐬎𐬥𐬁 (unā, “hole, slit in the earth”). Others wanted to relate it to Old Armenian ունիմ (unim, “to have, own”).
Van Beek suggests a derivation from an older adjective, Proto-Indo-European *(H)yew-mn-o- (“secluded, private”). He further points to a separate origin for the sense 'anchor-stones', referencing a proposal by Szemerényi to connect it with a Semitic word for 'stone', perhaps Phoenician 𐤀𐤁𐤍 (ʾbn, “stone”).
Has also been suggested as related to Proto-Celtic *wentā (“place, town”), from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wen-.

m+

(in the plural) stones thrown from a ship and used as anchors


ἐρυσίπελας

grc-noun

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς • (erusípelas) n (genitive ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος); third declension

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (canonical)
erusípelas (romanization)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasi (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (singular vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

→ Latin: erysipelas

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

Medical term of unusual formation. Traditionally derived from ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós, “red”) + Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”); compare πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole of foot”) and Latin pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”). According to Beekes, it may also be of Pre-Greek origin, comparing the first element of the word with the first element of ἐρῠσῑ́βη (erusī́bē, “rust in plants”) and ἐρῠσῐ́σκηπτρον (erusískēptron, “kind of plant”).


προστάτης

grc-noun

προστάτης • (prostátēs) m (genitive προστάτου); first declension

prostátēs (romanization)
προστάτου (genitive)
ὁ προστᾰ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ προστᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ προστᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ προστᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν προστᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προστᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ προστᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν προστᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προστᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν προστᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ προστᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς προστᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
προστᾰ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
προστᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
προστᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: праста́та (prastáta)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ (prostatēs)

Greek: προστάτης (prostátis)

→ Medieval Latin: prostata (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: простата (prostata)

→ Russian: проста́та (prostáta)

From the root of προΐστημι (proḯstēmi, “to stand in front”) + -της (-tēs), the former from προ- (pro-) + ἵστημι (hístēmi).


ὄρρος

ὄρρος • (órrhos) m (genitive ὅρρου); second declension

órrhos (romanization)
ὅρρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄρρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρρους (accusative plural)
ὄρρε (singular vocative)
ὄρρω (dual vocative)
ὄρροι (plural vocative)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ἀριθμός

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (canonical)
arithmós (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρῐθμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ρῐθμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓ρῐθμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ρῐθμούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αριθμός (arithmós)

Αριθμοί m pl (Arithmoí, “Numbers”)

Pontic Greek: αριθμόν (arithmón)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, from *h₂rey- (“to count, arrange”). Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).

ἀριθμητική

ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós)


ἰατρεύω

grc-verb

ἰατρεύω • (iatreúō)

iatreúō (romanization)
ἰᾱτρεύω (active first-person indicative singular)
ἰᾱτρεύεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἰᾱτρεύοις (active optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἰᾱτρεύῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἰᾱτρεύοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρευοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεύοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρευέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύειν (active infinitive)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεύων (active masculine participle)
ἰᾱτρευόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεύουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἰᾱτρευομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεῦον (active neuter participle)
ἰᾱτρευόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἰᾱ́τρευον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρευόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἰᾱτρεύου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρευέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρεύεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευσᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευσε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσαις (active optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσειε (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαι (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσον (active imperative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευσώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευσαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ἰᾱτρευσαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεῦσαι (active infinitive)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾰσθαι (dual infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾱς (active masculine participle)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́μενος (dual masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰμένη (dual feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἰᾱτρεῦσᾰν (active neuter participle)
ἰᾱτρευσᾰ́μενον (dual middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευκε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρεύκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἰᾱτρευκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
ἰᾱτρεύκοις (active optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύκοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρευκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἰᾱτρεύκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευκε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἰᾱτρευκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευσαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱ́τρευται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρεύμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἰᾱ́τρευσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρευμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρευμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρευμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἰᾱτρευμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρευμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρευμένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰᾱτρεύσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἰᾱ́τρευσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰᾱτρεύσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰᾱτρευκέναι (active infinitive)
ἰᾱτρεῦσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρευκώς (active masculine participle)
ἰᾱτρευμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρευκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἰᾱτρευμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἰᾱτρευκός (active neuter participle)
ἰᾱτρευμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἰήτρευκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἰήτρευκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἰήτρευκε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰήτρευκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἰητρεύκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἰητρεύκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἰητρεύκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἰητρεύκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἰητρεύκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰητρεύκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἰητρεύκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἰητρεύκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰητρεύκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρεύκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἰητρεύκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρεύκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἰητρεύκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰητρεύκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρεύκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρεύκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἰητρευκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
ἰητρεύκοις (active optative second-person singular)
ἰητρευκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
ἰητρεύκοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἰητρευκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
ἰητρεύκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἰητρευκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἰητρεύκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἰητρεύκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἰητρεύκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἰήτρευκε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἰητρευκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἰητρεύκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἰητρευκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἰητρεύκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἰητρευκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἰήτρευμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἰήτρευσαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰήτρευται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰήτρευσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἰήτρευσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἰητρεύμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἰήτρευσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰήτρευνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰητρευμένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἰητρευμένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἰητρευμένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρευμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἰητρευμένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρευμένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἰητρευμένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἰητρευμένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρευμένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἰητρευμένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἰητρευμένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἰητρευμένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἰητρευμένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἰητρευμένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἰητρευμένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἰητρευμένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἰητρεύμενοι εἰησᾰ́ν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἰεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἰήτρευσο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἰητρεύσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἰήτρευσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἰητρεύσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἰήτρευσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἰητρεύσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἰητρευκέναι (active infinitive)
ἰητρεῦσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἰητρευκώς (active masculine participle)
ἰητρευμένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἰητρευκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἰητρευμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἰητρευκός (active neuter participle)
ἰητρευμένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)

From ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”), from ἰάομαι (iáomai, “I cure, treat”).

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 665a8


δάκτυλος

grc-noun

δᾰ́κτῠλος • (dáktulos) m (genitive δᾰκτῠ́λου); second declension

δᾰ́κτῠλος (canonical)
dáktulos (romanization)
δᾰκτῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ δᾰ́κτῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ δᾰ́κτῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰκτῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰκτῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰκτῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰκτῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν δᾰ́κτῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δᾰκτῠ́λους (accusative plural)
δᾰ́κτῠλε (singular vocative)
δᾰκτῠ́λω (dual vocative)
δᾰ́κτῠλοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Poetic Greek uses <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δᾰ́κτῠλᾰ</i> (dáktula) as a plural.

English: dactyl, dactylo-

French: dactyle

Greek: δάχτυλο (dáchtylo)

Russian: да́ктиль (dáktilʹ)

Uncertain; probably Pre-Greek. Possibly related to Latin digitus, though the details are unclear. Note also Boeotian Greek δακκύλιος (dakkúlios).
The sense "date" is probably a folk-etymological alteration of a word from a Semitic source such as Arabic دَقَل (daqal, “variety of date palm”) or Hebrew דֶּקֶל (deqel, “date palm”).

cog

measure of length, the breadth of a finger, about 7/10 of an inch


κόκκινος

κόκκῐνος (canonical)
kókkinos (romanization)
κοκκίνη (feminine)
κόκκῐνον (neuter)
κόκκῐνος (masculine nominative singular)
κοκκῐ́νη (feminine nominative singular)
κόκκῐνον (neuter nominative singular)
κοκκῐ́νω (dual masculine nominative)
κοκκῐ́νᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
κοκκῐ́νω (dual neuter nominative)
κόκκῐνοι (masculine nominative plural)
κόκκῐναι (feminine nominative plural)
κόκκῐνᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
κοκκῐ́νου (genitive masculine singular)
κοκκῐ́νης (feminine genitive singular)
κοκκῐ́νου (genitive neuter singular)
κοκκῐ́νοιν (dual genitive masculine)
κοκκῐ́ναιν (dual feminine genitive)
κοκκῐ́νοιν (dual genitive neuter)
κοκκῐ́νων (genitive masculine plural)
κοκκῐ́νων (feminine genitive plural)
κοκκῐ́νων (genitive neuter plural)
κοκκῐ́νῳ (dative masculine singular)
κοκκῐ́νῃ (dative feminine singular)
κοκκῐ́νῳ (dative neuter singular)
κοκκῐ́νοιν (dative dual masculine)
κοκκῐ́ναιν (dative dual feminine)
κοκκῐ́νοιν (dative dual neuter)
κοκκῐ́νοις (dative masculine plural)
κοκκῐ́ναις (dative feminine plural)
κοκκῐ́νοις (dative neuter plural)
κόκκῐνον (accusative masculine singular)
κοκκῐ́νην (accusative feminine singular)
κόκκῐνον (accusative neuter singular)
κοκκῐ́νω (accusative dual masculine)
κοκκῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
κοκκῐ́νω (accusative dual neuter)
κοκκῐ́νους (accusative masculine plural)
κοκκῐ́νᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
κόκκῐνᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
κόκκῐνε (masculine singular vocative)
κοκκῐ́νη (feminine singular vocative)
κόκκῐνον (neuter singular vocative)
κοκκῐ́νω (dual masculine vocative)
κοκκῐ́νᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
κοκκῐ́νω (dual neuter vocative)
κόκκῐνοι (masculine plural vocative)
κόκκῐναι (feminine plural vocative)
κόκκῐνᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
κοκκῐ́νως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
κοκκῐνώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
κοκκῐνώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From κόκκος (kókkos, “kermes oak”) + -ινος (-inos).


πόσθη

grc-noun

πόσθη • (pósthē) f (genitive πόσθης); first declension

pósthē (romanization)
πόσθης (genitive)
ἡ πόσθη (nominative singular)
τὼ πόσθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πόσθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πόσθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόσθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποσθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πόσθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόσθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόσθαις (dative plural)
τὴν πόσθην (accusative singular)
τὼ πόσθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόσθᾱς (accusative plural)
πόσθη (singular vocative)
πόσθᾱ (dual vocative)
πόσθαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόσθη (pósthi)

Has been connected with Ancient Greek πέος (péos, “penis”), from Proto-Indo-European *pes-o- (“penis”), but the derivation is problematic. Beekes thinks it is likely a loan from a non-Indo-European-Language, like Pre-Greek.


μηρός

μηρός • (mērós) m (genitive μηροῦ); second declension

mērós (romanization)
μηροῦ (genitive)
ὁ μηρός (nominative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μηροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μηρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μηροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μηρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μηρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μηρούς (accusative plural)
μηρέ (singular vocative)
μηρώ (dual vocative)
μηροί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲣⲟⲥ (mēros)

Greek: μηρός (mirós)

From Proto-Hellenic *mḗron, of uncertain ultimate origin. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”). Compare Latin membrum (“limb”) and Proto-Germanic *mimzą (“flesh”).

der

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.26

a thigh
(Septuagint Koine, in the plural) loins

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 16.14

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.190

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.231

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.125

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.3.6

200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 15.27.11

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus 2

620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Supplementary Fragments 11.6

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 135–136

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.305

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 57

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.2.472

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.460

442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1011

4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 130

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace

a thigh-bone, a femur, used especially of thigh-bones with flesh offered in sacrifice


κύτος

grc-noun

κῠ́τος • (kútos) n (genitive κῠ́τους); third declension

κῠ́τος (canonical)
kútos (romanization)
κῠ́τους (genitive)
τὸ κῠ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kútesi (dative plural)
toîs kútesin (dative plural)
τὸ κῠ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (accusative plural)
κῠ́τος (singular vocative)
κῠ́τει (dual vocative)
κῠ́τη (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κύτος (kýtos)

⇒ Latin: monocytus (Taxonomic Latin)

Uncertain. According to Beekes, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“cover, skin”) (via a form *(s)kHu-t-); related to σκῦτος (skûtos, “hide, leather”), Latin cutis (“skin”), and English hide, but the presumed laryngeal metathesis is problematic. Alternatively from *kew- ~ *ḱew- (“hollow”), but this is also reconstructed as *ḱewh₁-. In view of the formal problems and the word's semantic category, a substrate origin is possible.

der

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 322

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 816

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1142

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 37

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.2

any vessel; e.g. a jar, an urn, a vase, etc.


φακός

grc-noun

φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension

φᾰκός (canonical)
phakós (romanization)
φᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰκούς (accusative plural)
φᾰκέ (singular vocative)
φᾰκώ (dual vocative)
φᾰκοί (plural vocative)

Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).
It is likely that the terms mentioned above are all related and derived from an ancient European and Mediterranean substrate word for "bean", which was borrowed by various groups in the area, particularly considering that the words for various beans in Indo-Aryan, a branch of Indo-European removed from this area, do not resemble the above terms.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual


βολβός

βολβός • (bolbós) m (genitive βολβοῦ); second declension

bolbós (romanization)
βολβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βολβός (nominative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βολβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βολβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βολβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βολβούς (accusative plural)
βολβέ (singular vocative)
βολβώ (dual vocative)
βολβοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βολβός (volvós)

→ Latin: bulbus (see there for further descendants)

The form of the word is expressive, with a kind of reduplication. There are no direct relatives and it is reminiscent of words for round and globular objects, like Latin bulla (“water bubble”) and Latvian burbulis (“water bubble”). Further, similar to Armenian բողկ (boġk, “radish”), Sanskrit बल्बज (balbaja, “Indian goosegrass”), and Albanian bajgë.


γλαύκωμα

grc-noun

γλαύκωμᾰ • (glaúkōma) n (genitive γλαυκώμᾰτος); third declension

γλαύκωμᾰ (canonical)
glaúkōma (romanization)
γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλαυκώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ γλαυκώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλαυκώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
γλαυκώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs glaukṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ γλαύκωμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαυκώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
γλαύκωμᾰ (singular vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
γλαυκώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκωμα (gláfkoma)

→ Latin: glaucōma (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Russian: глауко́ма (glaukóma)
→ Kazakh: глаукома (glaukoma)

From γλαυκόω (glaukóō, “to color blue-grey”) + -μα (-ma).

af

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


φόνος

grc-noun

φόνος • (phónos) m (genitive φόνου); second declension

phónos (romanization)
φόνου (genitive)
ὁ φόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ φόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ φόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ φόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν φόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φόνους (accusative plural)
φόνε (singular vocative)
φόνω (dual vocative)
φόνοι (plural vocative)
φόνος (nominative singular)
φόνω (dual nominative)
φόνοι (nominative plural)
φόνου (genitive singular)
φονοῖο (genitive singular)
φόνοιο (genitive singular)
φονόο (genitive singular)
φόνοο (genitive singular)
φόνοιῐν (dual genitive)
φόνων (genitive plural)
φόνῳ (dative singular)
φόνοιῐν (dative dual)
φόνοισῐ (dative plural)
φόνοισῐν (dative plural)
φόνοις (dative plural)
phónoisi (dative plural)
phónoisin (dative plural)
phónois (dative plural)
φόνον (accusative singular)
φόνω (accusative dual)
φόνους (accusative plural)
φόνε (singular vocative)
φόνω (dual vocative)
φόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: φόνος (fónos)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰónos, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-. Related to θείνω (theínō, “to strike”) and ἔπεφνον (épephnon, “to slay”).

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.430


κύστις

κύστις • (kústis) f (genitive κύστεως); third declension

kústis (romanization)
κύστεως (genitive)
ἡ κῠ́στῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠ́στεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠ́στεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́στεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠ́στει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠστέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠ́στεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́στεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kústesi (dative plural)
taîs kústesin (dative plural)
τὴν κῠ́στῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́στει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́στεις (accusative plural)
κῠ́στῐ (singular vocative)
κῠ́στει (dual vocative)
κῠ́στεις (plural vocative)

French: kyste

Greek: κύστη (kýsti)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) or from κύω (kúō).


κυψέλη

grc-noun

κῠψέλη • (kupsélē) f (genitive κῠψέλης); first declension

κῠψέλη (canonical)
kupsélē (romanization)
κῠψέλης (genitive)
ἡ κῠψέλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠψέλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠψέλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠψελῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠψέλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠψέλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠψέλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῠψέλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠψέλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠψέλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῠψέλη (singular vocative)
κῠψέλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῠψέλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυψέλη (kypséli)

Not related to κύπη (kúpē, “kind of ship”), nor derived from κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend, stoop”). According to Beekes, clearly a Pre-Greek word, given the variant.


τρίαινα

τρῐ́αινᾰ • (tríaina) f (genitive τρῐαίνης); first declension

τρῐ́αινᾰ (canonical)
tríaina (romanization)
τρῐαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́αιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῐαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́αινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρῐ́αινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρῐαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῐ́αιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: τρίαινα (tríaina)

From τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + -αινᾰ (-aina). Chantraine considers a folk-etymological transformation after the numeral. Furnée compares τρίναξ (trínax, “instrument used in agriculture”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “three-pronged fork”), and asks whether the word could be a transformation of a Pre-Greek loan for an agricultural tool.


ἀργός

ᾱ̓ργός (canonical)
ārgós (romanization)
ᾱ̓ργή (feminine)
ᾱ̓ργόν (neuter)
ᾱ̓ργός (masculine nominative singular)
ᾱ̓ργή (feminine nominative singular)
ᾱ̓ργόν (neuter nominative singular)
ᾱ̓ργώ (dual masculine nominative)
ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ᾱ̓ργώ (dual neuter nominative)
ᾱ̓ργοί (masculine nominative plural)
ᾱ̓ργαί (feminine nominative plural)
ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ᾱ̓ργοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ᾱ̓ργῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ᾱ̓ργοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ᾱ̓ργοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ᾱ̓ργαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ᾱ̓ργοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ᾱ̓ργῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ᾱ̓ργῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ᾱ̓ργῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ᾱ̓ργῷ (dative masculine singular)
ᾱ̓ργῇ (dative feminine singular)
ᾱ̓ργῷ (dative neuter singular)
ᾱ̓ργοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ᾱ̓ργαῖν (dative dual feminine)
ᾱ̓ργοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ᾱ̓ργοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ᾱ̓ργαῖς (dative feminine plural)
ᾱ̓ργοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ᾱ̓ργόν (accusative masculine singular)
ᾱ̓ργήν (accusative feminine singular)
ᾱ̓ργόν (accusative neuter singular)
ᾱ̓ργώ (accusative dual masculine)
ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ᾱ̓ργώ (accusative dual neuter)
ᾱ̓ργούς (accusative masculine plural)
ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ᾱ̓ργέ (masculine singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ργή (feminine singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ργόν (neuter singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ργώ (dual masculine vocative)
ᾱ̓ργᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ᾱ̓ργώ (dual neuter vocative)
ᾱ̓ργοί (masculine plural vocative)
ᾱ̓ργαί (feminine plural vocative)
ᾱ̓ργᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ᾱ̓ργῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ᾱ̓ργότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ᾱ̓ργότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: αργός (argós)

Contracted form of ᾰ̓εργός (aergós), from ᾰ̓- (a-, “not, a-”) + ἔργον (érgon, “a work”) + -ός (-ós, adjectival suffix), and hence has a long ᾱ (ā).

af

not working the ground; idle, lazy, slow


σφαγή

grc-noun

σφᾰγή • (sphagḗ) f (genitive σφαγῆς); first declension

σφᾰγή (canonical)
sphagḗ (romanization)
σφαγῆς (genitive)
ἡ σφᾰγή (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφᾰγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σφᾰγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφᾰγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφᾰγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σφᾰγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφᾰγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σφᾰγή (singular vocative)
σφᾰγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σφᾰγαί (plural vocative)

From σφᾰ́ζω (spházō, “to slaughter”) + -ή (-ḗ).

suffix

(anatomy) throat, the spot where the victim is struck


φλέψ

grc-noun

φλέψ • (phléps) f (genitive φλεβός); third declension

phléps (romanization)
φλεβός (genitive)
ἡ φλέψ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (dual nominative)
αἱ φλέβες (nominative plural)
τῆς φλεβός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλεβῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεβοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλεψῐ́ (dative plural)
φλεψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phlepsí (dative plural)
taîs phlepsín (dative plural)
τὴν φλέβᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέβε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλέβᾰς (accusative plural)
φλέψ (singular vocative)
φλέβε (dual vocative)
φλέβες (plural vocative)

English: phlebo-

Greek: φλέβα (fléva)

Traditionally linked to a large group of words beginning with "φλ-", like φλέω (phléō), φλύω (phlúō) and φλύκταινα (phlúktaina). It has been supposed to be an enlargement in -gʷ- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell”), but this would not solve anything. Thus, a Pre-Greek origin is the most probable hypothesis.

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.546


βουβών

grc-noun

βουβών • (boubṓn) m (genitive βουβῶνος); third declension

boubṓn (romanization)
βουβῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουβών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουβῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουβῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουβώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουβῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουβώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουβῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουβῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs boubôsi (dative plural)
toîs boubôsin (dative plural)
τὸν βουβῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουβῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουβῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουβών (singular vocative)
βουβῶνε (dual vocative)
βουβῶνες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būbō, būbōnēs

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek. Alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European expressive root *bew-, *bow- (“to swell; ball”); see βῠβός (bubós, “full, great”), βου- (bou-, augmentative prefix), βουνός (bounós, “hill, mound; clot”), βοῦᾰ (boûa, “group of children; herd?”), βῶλος (bôlos, “clod”), βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), but these cannot be regular morphological derivations of the same root.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(pathology) a bubo in the groin (a swelling of lymph nodes due to infection)


σημεῖον

grc-noun

σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension

sēmeîon (romanization)
σημείου (genitive)
τὸ σημεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ σημείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σημείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημείων (genitive plural)
τῷ σημείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σημείοις (dative plural)
τὸ σημεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ σημείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σημεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
σημεῖον (singular vocative)
σημείω (dual vocative)
σημεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σημείο (simeío)

From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “mark, sign”) + -ῐον (-ion).


φάρμακον

φάρμᾰκον • (phármakon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension

φάρμᾰκον (canonical)
phármakon (romanization)
φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
φάρμᾰκον (singular vocative)
φαρμᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
φάρμᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)

→ Latin: pharmacum

Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).
Based on α/ο and μ/β variations found in the likely-related φόρβαντα (phórbanta, “doctor's medicine”), as well as the rather strange structure of the word, R. S. P. Beekes proposes Pre-Greek origin. Foreign origin is also supported by Chantraine, Furnee, and Schwyzer.
An older theory by Pokorny (1959) connects the word to the Greek root φαρ-, supposedly also found in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e. a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, and compares Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) (which he takes as the result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”)) and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare also Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).

unk

Unclear

cog

τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι.

but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)

tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.


σῦκον

grc-noun

σῦκον • (sûkon) n (genitive σῡ́κου); second declension

sûkon (romanization)
σῡ́κου (genitive)
τὸ σῦκον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῡ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῡ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῡ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (accusative plural)
σῦκον (singular vocative)
σῡ́κω (dual vocative)
σῦκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σύκο (sýko)

→ Latin: syconus

→ English: syconus

→ Portuguese: sícono

Since long, connected with Latin fīcus and Old Armenian թուզ (tʻuz), and considered a borrowing from a Mediterranean (Pre-Greek) or Anatolian substrate source, from which Hebrew שִׁקְמָה (šiqmā́, “sycamore fig”) – borrowed into συκάμινος (sukáminos) – and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky (“gourd”) are also adduced. Martirosyan reconstructs a Mediterranean proto-form *tʰuōiḱo- or *tʰū(i)ḱo- (“fig”), Beekes suggests *tʲuk-. The use of words for fruits (fig, plum etc.) in the sense of “vulva” is very common cross-linguistically.

cog

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.121

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.40


πάππος

grc-noun

πᾰ́ππος • (páppos) m (genitive πᾰ́ππου); second declension

πᾰ́ππος (canonical)
páppos (romanization)
πᾰ́ππου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ππους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ππε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ππω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πποι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: πάππος (páppos)

Mariupol Greek: па́пус (pápus)

→ Romani: pàpos

→ Latin: pappus

Aromanian: pap

→ English: pappus

→ Italian: pappo

Reduplicated nursery word; compare πάππας (páppas, “daddy, papa”).

(botany) pappus, down on the seeds of certain plants


λοβός

λοβός • (lobós) m (genitive λοβοῦ); second declension

lobós (romanization)
λοβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λοβός (nominative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λοβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λοβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λοβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λοβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λοβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λοβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λοβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λοβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λοβούς (accusative plural)
λοβέ (singular vocative)
λοβώ (dual vocative)
λοβοί (plural vocative)

→ English: lobus

Italian: lobo

→ Middle French: lobe

→ English: lobe

French: lobe

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”), if such a root exists. Uncertain.


σκάφος

grc-noun

σκᾰ́φος • (skáphos) n (genitive σκᾰ́φεος); third declension

σκᾰ́φος (canonical)
skáphos (romanization)
σκᾰ́φεος (genitive)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́φεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰφέων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́φεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰφέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
σκᾰ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skáphesi (dative plural)
toîs skáphesin (dative plural)
τὸ σκᾰ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́φεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́φεᾰ (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́φος (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́φεε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́φεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σκάφος (skáfos)

→ Italian: scafo

From σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”) + -ος (-os). Compare, for more, σκῠ́φος (skúphos).


γάγγραινα

γάγγραινᾰ • (gángraina) f (genitive γαγγραίνης); first declension

γάγγραινᾰ (canonical)
gángraina (romanization)
γαγγραίνης (genitive)
ἡ γάγγραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γάγγραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γαγγραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαγγραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαγγραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαγγραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαγγραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν γάγγραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαγγραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαγγραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
γάγγραινᾰ (singular vocative)
γαγγραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
γάγγραιναι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: gangraena
French: gangrène
→ English: gangrene
→ Romanian: gangrenă, cangrenă
→ Turkish: kangren
Italian: cancrena
Russian: гангрена (gangrena)
Spanish: gangrena

In antiquity it was compared with γράω (gráō, “to devour”) but this is incorrect. It is most probably a Pre-Greek word.


ὄψις

grc-noun

ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension

ὄψῐς (canonical)
ópsis (romanization)
ὄψεως (genitive)
ἡ ὄψῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄψει (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄψεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄψεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀψέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄψεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄψει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀψέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄψεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄψεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ópsesi (dative plural)
taîs ópsesin (dative plural)
τὴν ὄψῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄψει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄψεις (accusative plural)
ὄψῐ (singular vocative)
ὄψει (dual vocative)
ὄψεις (plural vocative)

Greek: όψη f (ópsi)

From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + -σῐς (-sis). Diachronically from Proto-Hellenic *ókʷtis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ékʷtis, from *h₃ekʷ- (“eye, to see”).


λύπη

λῡ́πη • (lū́pē) f (genitive λῡ́πης); first declension

λῡ́πη (canonical)
lū́pē (romanization)
λῡ́πης (genitive)
ἡ λῡ́πη (nominative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῦπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῡ́πης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῡπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῡ́πῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῡ́παιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῡ́παις (dative plural)
τὴν λῡ́πην (accusative singular)
τὼ λῡ́πᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῡ́πᾱς (accusative plural)
λῡ́πη (singular vocative)
λῡ́πᾱ (dual vocative)
λῦπαι (plural vocative)

Greek: λύπη (lýpi)

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connection to Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”) can be dismissed, as the Sanskrit root is much more likely from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”), which cannot produce the Greek term.
Beekes tentatively prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”). While phonetically sound and semantically possible, the lack of evidence directly connecting the Greek sense of "grief, pain" to the hypothetical original "peeling, breaking" sense renders the etymology uncertain.

cog

pain (of mind or body), suffering, affliction, distress