σπόρος

grc-noun

σπόρος • (spóros) m (genitive σπόρου); second declension

spóros (romanization)
σπόρου (genitive)
ὁ σπόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπόροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπόρους (accusative plural)
σπόρε (singular vocative)
σπόρω (dual vocative)
σπόροι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπόρος (spóros)

→ Latin: Sporus

From Proto-Indo-European *spor-, an o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Cognate with σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”), σπέρμα (spérma, “semen, sperm”), and Albanian farë; see σπείρω (speírō) for more.


αἷμα

αἷμᾰ • (haîma) n (genitive αἵμᾰτος); third declension

αἷμᾰ (canonical)
haîma (romanization)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs haímasi (dative plural)
toîs haímasin (dative plural)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
haímasi (dative plural)
haímasin (dative plural)
haimátessi (dative plural)
haimátessin (dative plural)
haimátesi (dative plural)
haimátesin (dative plural)
αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: αἷμα (haîma), αἷμαν (haîman), αἷμας (haîmas), γαῖμα (gaîma)

Greek: αίμα (aíma)

Pontic Greek: γαίμα (gaíma)

→ Bulgarian: -емия (-emija)

→ Catalan: -èmia

→ Danish: -æmi

→ German: hämato-, hämat-, -hämie, -ämie

→ English: haemato-, haema-, -aemia, haemal

→ Spanish: -emia

→ French: -émie

→ Irish: -éime

→ Italian: -emia

→ Dutch: -emie

→ Polish: hemato-, -emia (learned)

→ Russian: -емия (-emija)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -емија

Latin script: -emija

Uncertain and contested, as many competing theories exist. One possibility is from Proto-Indo-European *sai- (“thick or viscous liquid”), related to Proto-West Germanic *saim (whence German Seim (“viscous fluid”)), although some sources reject this as phonologically improbable. A different theory relates it to Proto-Indo-European *s(w)okʷós (“plant juice, resin”), which would make it related to ὀπός (opós, “plant juice”). Other suggestions include a relation to Ancient Greek αἰονάω (aionáō, “to moisten”) or to Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to throw, to flow”), thereby making it a doublet of ἧμα (hêma, “projectile”). Finally, a Northwest Semitic borrowing has been posited, related to Aramaic חַיִּים (ḥayyim, “life”), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayím, “life”), Phoenician 𐤇𐤉𐤌 (ḥym, “long life”).


ὕδωρ

grc-noun

ῠ̔́δωρ • (húdōr) n (genitive ῠ̔́δᾰτος); third declension

ῠ̔́δωρ (canonical)
húdōr (romanization)
ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔δᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs húdasi (dative plural)
toîs húdasin (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
ῠ̔́δωρ (nominative singular)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual nominative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰτος (genitive singular)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
ῠ̔δᾰ́των (genitive plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
húdasi (dative plural)
húdasin (dative plural)
hudátessi (dative plural)
hudátessin (dative plural)
hudátesi (dative plural)
hudátesin (dative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (accusative singular)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (accusative dual)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δωρ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: ύδωρ (ýdor), υδρο- (ydro-), υδρό- (ydró-), υδρ- (ydr-)

Tsakonian: ύο (ýo)

→ English: hydro-

→ French: hydro-

From Proto-Hellenic *údōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), with ω (ō) from the plural), from the root *wed- (whence also ὕω (húō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)). Cognates include Latin unda, Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar /wātar/), Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Old English wæter (English water), and Albanian ujë.


ἅλς

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

ᾰ̔́λς (canonical)
háls (romanization)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
οἱ ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τοὺς ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)
ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̔λσῐ́, ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν

desc

⇒ Koine Greek: ἁλάτιον (halátion) (diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: ἁλάτιν (halátin)

Greek: αλάτι (aláti)

Mariupol Greek: а́лас (álas)

→ English: halo-

→ Greek: άλας (álas) (learned)

From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt).


ἅλς

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) f (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

ᾰ̔́λς (canonical)
háls (romanization)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
αἱ ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ταῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)
ᾰ̔́λς (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́λες (nominative plural)
ᾰ̔λός (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔λῶν (genitive plural)
ᾰ̔λῐ́ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́λᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́λᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́λς (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́λες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̔λσῐ́, ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν


γλῶσσα

grc-noun

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssa) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension

γλῶσσᾰ (canonical)
glôssa (romanization)
γλώσσης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσέων (genitive plural)
γλωσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ (dative plural)
γλώσσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisi (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶσσᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γλώσσᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γλωσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γλώσσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώσσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γλώσσᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλώσσᾱ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)

Inherited

Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)

Italiot Greek: glossa

Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)

Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

Borrowed

→ English: glossa

desctree

→ Latin: glossa, glōsa, gloss. (abbreviation)
→ Catalan: glossa
→ Middle English: glosse
English: gloss
→ Middle High German: glōse
German: Glosse
Italian: chiosa, → glossa
→ Old French: glose
Middle French: glose
French: glose
→ Czech: glosa
→ Old Irish: glúas
Middle Irish: glúais
Irish: gluais
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
Portuguese: glosa
→ Old Spanish: glosa
Spanish: glosa
→ Polish: glosa
→ Romanian: glosă

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) + -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.


γάλα

grc-noun

γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

γᾰ́λᾰ (canonical)
gála (romanization)
γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive)
γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálaxi (dative plural)
toîs gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰῐν (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálai (dative plural)
toîs gálain (dative plural)
gálaxi (dative plural)
gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)

Greek: γάλα (gála)

Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite.
The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.


χρυσός

grc-noun

χρῡσός • (khrūsós) m (genitive χρῡσοῦ); second declension

χρῡσός (canonical)
khrūsós (romanization)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσός (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)
χρῡσός (nominative singular)
χρῡσώ (dual nominative)
χρῡσοί (nominative plural)
χρῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖο (genitive singular)
χρῡσόο (genitive singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dual genitive)
χρῡσῶν (genitive plural)
χρῡσῷ (dative singular)
χρῡσοῖῐν (dative dual)
χρῡσοῖσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖσῐν (dative plural)
χρῡσοῖς (dative plural)
khrūsoîsi (dative plural)
khrūsoîsin (dative plural)
khrūsoîs (dative plural)
χρῡσόν (accusative singular)
χρῡσώ (accusative dual)
χρῡσούς (accusative plural)
χρῡσέ (singular vocative)
χρῡσώ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χρυσός (chrysós)

Mariupol Greek: хурсо́ (xursó) (as if from a neuter noun)

→ Latin: chrȳsos

Borrowed from a Semitic source, usually assumed to be Phoenician/Punic; compare Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤑 (ḥrṣ), Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥārûṣ), Akkadian 𒆬𒄀 (ḫurāṣum), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀬𐀰 (ku-ru-so).

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.22


θεῖον

θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension

theîon (romanization)
θείου (genitive)
τὸ θεῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ θείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θείων (genitive plural)
τῷ θείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θείοις (dative plural)
τὸ θεῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ θείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θεῖᾰ (accusative plural)
θεῖον (singular vocative)
θείω (dual vocative)
θεῖᾰ (plural vocative)

From earlier θέειον (théeion), *θέϝειον (*théweion). Usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”), implying an original meaning of "fumigant", the same root as θυμιάω (thumiáō, “to burn, smoke”).

der

ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξῆλθεν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων, ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπώλεσεν πάντας.

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 17:29

And on the day that Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from the heavens and destroyed everyone.

hêi dè hēmérāi exêlthen Lṑt apò Sodómōn, ébrexen pûr kaì theîon ap’ ouranoû kaì apṓlesen pántas.


ἀψίνθιον

grc-noun

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension

apsínthion (romanization)
ἀψινθίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀψινθίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀψινθίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀψινθίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀψινθίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀψίνθιον (singular vocative)
ἀψινθίω (dual vocative)
ἀψίνθιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)

desctree

أَفْسِنْتِين

→ Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
→ Persian: افسنتین
→ Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
→ Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
→ Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)

→ Aramaic:

Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)

Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)

Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)

→ Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).


Ὠκεανός

grc-proper noun

Ὠκεᾰνός • (Ōkeanós) m (genitive Ὠκεᾰνοῦ); second declension

Ὠκεᾰνός (canonical)
Ōkeanós (romanization)
Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ὠκεᾰνός (nominative singular)
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ὠκεᾰνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ὠκεᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ὠκεᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ὠκεᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Ὠκεᾰνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ὠκεᾰνούς (accusative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (plural vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνός (nominative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual nominative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (nominative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖο (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνόο (genitive singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν (dual genitive)
Ὠκεᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
Ὠκεᾰνῷ (dative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν (dative dual)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνοῖς (dative plural)
Ōkeanoîsi (dative plural)
Ōkeanoîsin (dative plural)
Ōkeanoîs (dative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνόν (accusative singular)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (accusative dual)
Ὠκεᾰνούς (accusative plural)
Ὠκεᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνώ (dual vocative)
Ὠκεᾰνοί (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: ocean, Ocean, Oceanus, Okeanos

Greek: Ωκεανός (Okeanós)

desctree

→ Latin: Ōceanus, Ōcianus (Old Latin)
French: Océan
Italian: Oceano
Portuguese: Oceano
Sicilian: Ucìanu

→ Russian: океа́н (okeán)

→ Turkish: Okyanus

desc

أُوقْيَانُوس

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

Uncertain, though generally acknowledged to be a non-Indo-European substrate loan, with Beekes noting that the concept of a "world-river" is not native to Indo-European mythology. A possible relationship with the Semitic root ʕ-w-g (“to be crooked, tortuous”) has been discussed. Another possibility includes a derivation from unattested Sumerian *A-ki-an(u) (Water of the Land and Heaven).
Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek form *ūkʲān-. Michael Janda has reminded the scientific community of an earlier comparison with the Vedic dragon Vṛtra's attribute āśáyāna- “lying on [the waters]”, claiming it to be an exact phonetical transposition of the Greek word, both stemming from Proto-Indo-European *ō-ḱey-m̥[h₁]no- (“lying on”), related to κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie”).

der

Oceanus, a Greek water god usually said to be a Titan, one of the sons of Uranus and Gaia.


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
númphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
númphain (dual genitive)
númphaiin (dual genitive)
númphēiin (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
númphain (dative dual)
númphaiin (dative dual)
númphēiin (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
númphēisi (dative plural)
númphēisin (dative plural)
númphēis (dative plural)
númphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water


χαλκός

grc-noun

χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension

χᾰλκός (canonical)
khalkós (romanization)
χᾰλκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χᾰλκός (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰλκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰλκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰλκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰλκούς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκέ (singular vocative)
χᾰλκώ (dual vocative)
χᾰλκοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)

desctree

→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)
→ French: harkous, harqous

Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from an eastern substrate.
Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a), 𐀏𐀒 (ka-ko, “copper”).


οἶνος

grc-noun

οἶνος • (oînos) m (genitive οἴνου); second declension

oînos (romanization)
οἴνου (genitive)
ὁ οἶνος (nominative singular)
τὼ οἴνω (dual nominative)
οἱ οἶνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἴνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἴνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἴνων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἴνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἴνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἴνοις (dative plural)
τὸν οἶνον (accusative singular)
τὼ οἴνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οἴνους (accusative plural)
οἶνε (singular vocative)
οἴνω (dual vocative)
οἶνοι (plural vocative)
οἶνος (nominative singular)
οἴνω (dual nominative)
οἶνοι (nominative plural)
οἴνου (genitive singular)
οἰνοῖο (genitive singular)
οἴνοιο (genitive singular)
οἰνόο (genitive singular)
οἴνοο (genitive singular)
οἴνοιῐν (dual genitive)
οἴνων (genitive plural)
οἴνῳ (dative singular)
οἴνοιῐν (dative dual)
οἴνοισῐ (dative plural)
οἴνοισῐν (dative plural)
οἴνοις (dative plural)
oínoisi (dative plural)
oínoisin (dative plural)
oínois (dative plural)
οἶνον (accusative singular)
οἴνω (accusative dual)
οἴνους (accusative plural)
οἶνε (singular vocative)
οἴνω (dual vocative)
οἶνοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ϝοἶνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ϝοἴνω (dual nominative)
τοὶ ϝοἶνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ϝοἴνω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ϝοἴνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ϝοἴνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ϝοἴνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ϝοἴνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ϝοἴνοις (dative plural)
τὸν ϝοἶνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ϝοἴνω (accusative dual)
τὼς ϝοἴνως (accusative plural)
ϝοἶνε (singular vocative)
ϝοἴνω (dual vocative)
ϝοἶνοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: οίνος (oínos) (learned)

⇒ English: eno-, oeno-, œno-

⇒ French: œno-

⇒ German: öno-

⇒ Italian: eno-

⇒ Sicilian: enu-, inu-

From Proto-Hellenic *wóinos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀜 (wo-no)), from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō; related to English wine, Latin vīnum, Old Armenian գինի (gini) etc.; according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary, "all probably from a common Mediterranean source". Perhaps instead from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom, possibly from the root *wey(H)- (“to twist”), thus meaning "that of the vine"; and related to dialectal ὑιήν (huiḗn, “grapevine”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wiHḗn, which would be a derivation from the same root.


σπέρμα

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (genitive σπέρμᾰτος); third declension

spérma (romanization)
σπέρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σπέρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπέρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπέρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπερμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σπέρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπέρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σπέρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs spérmasi (dative plural)
toîs spérmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σπέρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπέρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σπέρμᾰ (singular vocative)
σπέρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σπέρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ (sperma)

Greek: σπέρμα (spérma)

Mariupol Greek: сперма (spjerma)

desctree

→ Latin: sperma
Catalan: esperma
Old French: sperme
Middle French: sperme
→ English: sperm
French: sperme
→ German: Sperma
→ Estonian: sperma

From Proto-Indo-European *spérmn̥, which consists of Proto-Indo-European *sper- + Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥. By surface analysis, σπείρω (speírō) + -μα (-ma). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀟𐀔 (pe-ma).


καταρράκτης

grc-noun

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης • (katarrhā́ktēs) m (genitive κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου); first declension

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης (canonical)
katarrhā́ktēs (romanization)
κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰτᾰρρᾶκται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰρρᾱκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰρρᾶκτᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰρρᾶκται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κᾰτᾰρράˉκτης

desc

Greek: καταρράκτης (katarráktis), καταρράχτης (katarráchtis)

→ Aramaic: אגטרגטא (agṭragṭā)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ (katahraktēs), ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ (kataraktēs) — Bohairic

→ Latin: cataracta (see there for further descendants)

From καταρρᾱ́σσω (katarrhā́ssō) + -της (-tēs), the former from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to strike, dash”).


κρᾶσις

grc-noun

κρᾶσῐς • (krâsis) f (genitive κρᾱ́σεως); third declension

κρᾶσῐς (canonical)
krâsis (romanization)
κρᾱ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ κρᾶσῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾱ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ κρᾱ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κρᾱ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾱσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾱ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κρᾱ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾱσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρᾱ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
κρᾱ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs krā́sesi (dative plural)
taîs krā́sesin (dative plural)
τὴν κρᾶσῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾱ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρᾱ́σεις (accusative plural)
κρᾶσῐ (singular vocative)
κρᾱ́σει (dual vocative)
κρᾱ́σεις (plural vocative)

From the root of κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”) + -σις (-sis).


δάκρυον

grc-noun

δᾰ́κρῠον • (dákruon) n (genitive δᾰκρῠ́ου); second declension

δᾰ́κρῠον (canonical)
dákruon (romanization)
δᾰκρῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ δᾰ́κρῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰκρῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰκρῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰκρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰκρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰκρῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰκρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰκρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ δᾰ́κρῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰκρῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
δᾰ́κρῠον (singular vocative)
δᾰκρῠ́ω (dual vocative)
δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Back-formation from δάκρυα (dákrua), originally the plural of δάκρυ (dákru).

Alternative form of δᾰ́κρῠ (dákru, “tear”)


σίραιον

σῐ́ραιον • (síraion) n (genitive σῐραίου); second declension

σῐ́ραιον (canonical)
síraion (romanization)
σῐραίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐραίοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ραιον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐραίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ραιᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ραιον (singular vocative)
σῐραίω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ραιᾰ (plural vocative)

Maybe from σειρόω (seiróō) or alternatively from Pre-Greek.

boiled down new wine, often used as a syrup


ὀπτός

optós (romanization)
ὀπτή (feminine)
ὀπτόν (neuter)
ὀπτός (masculine nominative singular)
ὀπτή (feminine nominative singular)
ὀπτόν (neuter nominative singular)
ὀπτώ (dual masculine nominative)
ὀπτᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ὀπτώ (dual neuter nominative)
ὀπτοί (masculine nominative plural)
ὀπταί (feminine nominative plural)
ὀπτᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ὀπτοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ὀπτῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ὀπτοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ὀπτοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ὀπταῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ὀπτοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ὀπτῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ὀπτῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ὀπτῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ὀπτῷ (dative masculine singular)
ὀπτῇ (dative feminine singular)
ὀπτῷ (dative neuter singular)
ὀπτοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ὀπταῖν (dative dual feminine)
ὀπτοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ὀπτοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ὀπταῖς (dative feminine plural)
ὀπτοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ὀπτόν (accusative masculine singular)
ὀπτήν (accusative feminine singular)
ὀπτόν (accusative neuter singular)
ὀπτώ (accusative dual masculine)
ὀπτᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ὀπτώ (accusative dual neuter)
ὀπτούς (accusative masculine plural)
ὀπτᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ὀπτᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὀπτέ (masculine singular vocative)
ὀπτή (feminine singular vocative)
ὀπτόν (neuter singular vocative)
ὀπτώ (dual masculine vocative)
ὀπτᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ὀπτώ (dual neuter vocative)
ὀπτοί (masculine plural vocative)
ὀπταί (feminine plural vocative)
ὀπτᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ὀπτῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπτότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὀπτότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Unknown. Not related to πέσσω (péssō, “to soften, ripen; to cook, dress, bake”).


μόλυβδος

μόλυβδος • (mólubdos) m (genitive μολύβδου); second declension

mólubdos (romanization)
μολύβδου (genitive)
ὁ μόλῠβδος (nominative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόλῠβδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μολῠ́βδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μολῠ́βδων (genitive plural)
τῷ μολῠ́βδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μολῠ́βδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μολῠ́βδοις (dative plural)
τὸν μόλῠβδον (accusative singular)
τὼ μολῠ́βδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μολῠ́βδους (accusative plural)
μόλῠβδε (singular vocative)
μολῠ́βδω (dual vocative)
μόλῠβδοι (plural vocative)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀗𐀪𐀺𐀈 (mo-ri-wo-do), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root *mergʷ- (“dark”), whence also English murky, Albanian marrtë (“dim as twilight; blurry”). Probably not cognate with Latin plumbum (“lead”), despite superficial similarity.


ἄργυρος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος • (árguros) m (genitive ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (canonical)
árguros (romanization)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

English: argyr-

Greek: άργυρος (árgyros)

From a u-stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀓𐀫 (a-ku-ro), Latin argentum, Sanskrit अर्जुन (árjuna) and Old Armenian արծաթ (arcatʻ). See also ἀργός (argós, “white, bright”) and ἄργυφος (árguphos, “white, shining”).


πόντος

grc-noun

πόντος • (póntos) m (genitive πόντου); second declension

póntos (romanization)
πόντου (genitive)
ὁ πόντος (nominative singular)
τὼ πόντω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόντοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόντου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόντῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόντοις (dative plural)
τὸν πόντον (accusative singular)
τὼ πόντω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόντους (accusative plural)
πόντε (singular vocative)
πόντω (dual vocative)
πόντοι (plural vocative)
πόντος (nominative singular)
πόντω (dual nominative)
πόντοι (nominative plural)
πόντου (genitive singular)
ποντοῖο (genitive singular)
πόντοιο (genitive singular)
ποντόο (genitive singular)
πόντοο (genitive singular)
πόντοιῐν (dual genitive)
πόντων (genitive plural)
πόντῳ (dative singular)
πόντοιῐν (dative dual)
πόντοισῐ (dative plural)
πόντοισῐν (dative plural)
πόντοις (dative plural)
póntoisi (dative plural)
póntoisin (dative plural)
póntois (dative plural)
πόντον (accusative singular)
πόντω (accusative dual)
πόντους (accusative plural)
πόντε (singular vocative)
πόντω (dual vocative)
πόντοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *póntos, from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s (“path, road”).
Cognates include Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā-, “way”), Old Armenian հուն (hun, “riverbed”), Latin pōns (“bridge”), and Old English findan (English find).
Attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to).

der

αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάᾱν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον
Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει.
autòs gár sphin dôken ánax andrôn Agamémnōn
nêas eüssélmous peráān epì oínopa pónton

For Agamemnon son of Atreus himself had given [the Arcadians]
strong-benched ships for crossing the wine-dark sea,
since they weren't interested in the work of the sea.

Atreḯdēs, epeì oú sphi thalássia érga memḗlei.

Φοίνῑκες δ’ ἄγον ἄνδρες ἐπ’ ἠεροειδέα πόντον,

Phoenician men had brought [the mixing bowl] over the misty sea,

Phoínīkes d’ ágon ándres ep’ ēeroeidéa pónton,

οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
ἀλλ’ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερῡ́κεται εὐρέϊ πόντῳ,
νήσῳ̆ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ,
ou gár pō téthnēken epì khthonì dîos Odusseús,
all’ éti pou zōòs katerū́ketai euréï póntōi,
nḗsōi en amphirútēi,
[Athena disguised as Mentes talking to Telemachus:]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.196–198

For noble Odysseus hasn't died yet on earth,
but is probably still alive and being detained on the wide sea
on a sea-girt isle,

the sea
(often combined with epithets in Homer)


ἔαρ

grc-noun

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension

ἔᾰρ (canonical)
éar (romanization)
ἔᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
ἔᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éarsi (dative plural)
toîs éarsin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἔᾰρε (dual vocative)
ἔᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *éhər, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥. Cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), Latin sanguis and Old Latin assyr.

οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι
σάρκας ἀφαρπάζουσι καὶ ἀρτιχύτοιο φόνοιο
θερμὸν ἔαρ λάπτουσιν·
hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi
sárkas apharpázousi kaì artikhútoio phónoio

They rush upon him and rend his flesh with their jaws and lap the warm gore of new-shed blood.


μέδος

head

μέδος • (médos) m

Likely represents a Slavic or Germanic word (if the latter, probably Gothic or a related East Germanic dialect); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Ἐχορηγοῦντο δὲ ἡμῖν κατὰ κώμας τροφαὶ, ἀντὶ μὲν σίτου κέγχρος, ἀντὶ δὲ οἴνου ὁ μέδος ἐπιχωρίως καλούμενος.

Refreshments were supplied to us in the villages, with grain being called 'millet', and wine 'mead', according to the local tradition.

Ekhorēgoûnto dè hēmîn katà kṓmas trophaì, antì mèn sítou kénkhros, antì dè oínou ho médos epikhōríōs kaloúmenos.


βρότος

grc-noun

βρότος • (brótos) m (genitive βρότου); second declension

brótos (romanization)
βρότου (genitive)
ὁ βρότος (nominative singular)
τοῦ βρότου (genitive singular)
τῷ βρότῳ (dative singular)
τὸν βρότον (accusative singular)
βρότε (singular vocative)

Uncertain.
Perhaps related to Sanskrit मूर्त (mūrtá-, “clotted, coagulated”) (related to the verb मूर्छति (mūrchati, “to congeal, thicken, become solid, stiffen”); see मूर्छ् (mūrch) for more), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥H-tó-, but this requires an unexplained loss of the laryngeal.
Various attempts to link this term with βροτός (brotós) and ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos) have been made; Frisk and Beekes following him reject these as improbable. Schulze proposes a common origin with ἀμφιβρότη (amphibrótē, “covering the body on all sides”) from an unattested *βροτόν (*brotón, “body”) which may be further related to Sanskrit मूर्ति (mū́rti-, “body, figure, form”); this is also rejected.


ὄμβρος

grc-noun

ὄμβρος • (ómbros) m (genitive ὄμβρου); second declension

ómbros (romanization)
ὄμβρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄμβρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄμβρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄμβροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄμβρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄμβροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄμβρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄμβρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄμβροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄμβροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄμβρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄμβρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄμβρους (accusative plural)
ὄμβρε (singular vocative)
ὄμβρω (dual vocative)
ὄμβροι (plural vocative)

Traditionally connected to Sanskrit अभ्र (abhrá), Latin imber, and Old Armenian ամբ (amb), but formal derivation from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós presents several problems. *n̥, *bʰ would be expected to yield ᾰ, φ (a, ph), although Miller's law would explain this. The accent would likely be on the ultima. Possibly related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍 (o-mi-ri-jo), 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍𐀂 (o-mi-ri-jo-i, dat. pl.). Szemerényi assumes a loanword, so it is possibly a Pre-Greek word. Compare Latin Umbri.

storm of rain, thunderstorm, sent by Zeus


φλέγμα

φλέγμᾰ • (phlégma) n (genitive φλέγμᾰτος); third declension

φλέγμᾰ (canonical)
phlégma (romanization)
φλέγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φλέγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ φλέγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φλέγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
φλέγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasi (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasin (dative plural)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
φλέγμᾰ (singular vocative)
φλέγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
φλέγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَلْغَم (balḡam)
Maltese: belgħun
→ Azerbaijani: bəlğəm
→ Indonesian: balgam
→ Middle Armenian: պալղամ (palġam), պլղամ (plġam)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بالغام (balgam)
Turkish: balgam
→ Gagauz: balgam
→ Swahili: balaghamu

→ English: phlegm

→ Latin: phlegma
Catalan: flegma
Galician: freima, flegma
Italian: flemma
French: flemme, flegme
Old French: fleume
→ Middle Dutch: fleume, fleuma
Dutch: fluim
Polish: flegma
Portuguese: flegma, fleuma, fleima
Romanian: flegmă
Spanish: flema

From φλέγω (phlégō, “to set on fire, inflame”) + -μα (-ma).


κασσίτερος

grc-noun

κασσίτερος • (kassíteros) m (genitive κασσῐτέρου); second declension

kassíteros (romanization)
κασσῐτέρου (genitive)
ὁ κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κασσιτέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
τὸν κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
τὼ κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)
κασσίτερος (nominative singular)
κασσιτέρω (dual nominative)
κασσίτεροι (nominative plural)
κασσιτέρου (genitive singular)
κασσιτεροῖο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιο (genitive singular)
κασσιτερόο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροο (genitive singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dual genitive)
κασσιτέρων (genitive plural)
κασσιτέρῳ (dative singular)
κασσιτέροιῐν (dative dual)
κασσιτέροισῐ (dative plural)
κασσιτέροισῐν (dative plural)
κασσιτέροις (dative plural)
kassitéroisi (dative plural)
kassitéroisin (dative plural)
kassitérois (dative plural)
κασσίτερον (accusative singular)
κασσιτέρω (accusative dual)
κασσιτέρους (accusative plural)
κασσίτερε (singular vocative)
κασσιτέρω (dual vocative)
κασσίτεροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κασσίτερος (kassíteros)

desc

→ Aramaic: קְסְטִירָא (qəsṭīrā), קַסִּיטְרָא (qassīṭrā)

→ Arabic: قَصْدِير (qaṣdīr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kòsitar

→ Slovene: kosítər

An Elamite origin has been suggested but, according to Beekes, the group "σσ/ττ" is typically Pre-Greek, so the word would have come from Greece or Western Anatolia, like μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”), but even if so, the word might still go back to Mesopotamia, representing the name of the Kassites, who settled near Elam and major sources of tin. Compare also the etymology of Arabic مَرْقَشِيتَا (marqašītā, “marcasite”). Related to Sanskrit कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

cog

مَرْقَشِيتَا


χολή

grc-noun

χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension

kholḗ (romanization)
χολῆς (genitive)
ἡ χολή (nominative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ χολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς χολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν χολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χολή (singular vocative)
χολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χολαί (plural vocative)

Greek: χολή (cholí)

→ Old French: colle

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”), Persian زر (zar, “gold”).


ἰχώρ

ῑ̓χώρ • (īkhṓr) m (genitive ῑ̓χῶρος); third declension

ῑ̓χώρ (canonical)
īkhṓr (romanization)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsi (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓χῶρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)
ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dual genitive)
ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐν (dative plural)
īkhôrsi (dative plural)
īkhôrsin (dative plural)
īkhṓressi (dative plural)
īkhṓressin (dative plural)
īkhṓresi (dative plural)
īkhṓresin (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶ (accusative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)

ichor, the fluid which runs through the veins of gods


σίδηρος

σῐ́δηρος • (sídēros) m (genitive σῐδήρου); second declension

σῐ́δηρος (canonical)
sídēros (romanization)
σῐδήρου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδήροις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)
σῐ́δηρος (nominative singular)
σῐδήρω (dual nominative)
σῐ́δηροι (nominative plural)
σῐδήρου (genitive singular)
σῐδηροῖο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιο (genitive singular)
σῐδηρόο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροο (genitive singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dual genitive)
σῐδήρων (genitive plural)
σῐδήρῳ (dative singular)
σῐδήροιῐν (dative dual)
σῐδήροισῐ (dative plural)
σῐδήροισῐν (dative plural)
σῐδήροις (dative plural)
sidḗroisi (dative plural)
sidḗroisin (dative plural)
sidḗrois (dative plural)
σῐ́δηρον (accusative singular)
σῐδήρω (accusative dual)
σῐδήρους (accusative plural)
σῐ́δηρε (singular vocative)
σῐδήρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́δηροι (plural vocative)

Unclear and debated:
* One view compares it with Latin sīdus (“constellation, meteorite”), with this possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”), whence Latin sūdor (“sweat, moisture”), Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat, perspiration”), English sweat.
* One theory connects the word to words for "silver", like Lithuanian sidãbras and, by proxy, English silver.
* Another theory compares it with Udi zido (“iron”), indicating a Northeast Caucasian loanword. This is quite feasible, as the Greeks likely first learned of iron from Asia Minor.
* Finally, the word is very likely of Pre-Greek origin given its semantics, which has been compared with Ancient Greek σίδη (sídē, “pomegranate”), linked to the reconstruction *sida (“red”) thereby giving the meaning of σίδηρος (sídēros) as "red metal" (perhaps in relation to its red oxide ores and minerals).

ὑποσίδηρος

having a mixture or proportion of iron in it


ψευδάργυρος

grc-noun

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος • (pseudárguros) m (genitive ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου); second declension

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (canonical)
pseudárguros (romanization)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψευδᾰργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψευδᾰργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψευδᾰργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν ψευδᾰ́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψευδᾰργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
ψευδᾰργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ψευδᾰ́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ψευδᾰ́ργῠρος

Greek: ψευδάργυρος (psevdárgyros)

From ψευδο- (pseudo-, “false”) + ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”).

af

λίθος περὶ τὰ Ἄνδειρα͵ ὃς καιόμενος σίδηρος γίνεται· εἶτα μετὰ γῆς τινος καμινευθεὶς ἀποστάζει ψευδάργυρον͵ ἣ προσλαβοῦσα χαλκὸν τὸ καλούμενον γίνεται κρᾶμα͵ ὅ τινες ὀρείχαλκον καλοῦσι

c. 23 CE, Strabo, chapter 1.56, in Γεωγραφικά, volume XIII:

a stone in the vicinity of Andeira which, when burned becomes iron, and then, when heated in a furnace with a certain earth, distils false silver; and this, with the addition of copper, makes the so-called "mixture" (alloy), which by some is called "orichalcum"


ἱδρώς

grc-noun

ῑ̆̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs) m (genitive ῑ̆̔δρῶτος); third declension

ῑ̆̔δρώς (canonical)
hīdrṓs (romanization)
ῑ̆̔δρῶτος (genitive)
ὁ ἱδρώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱδρῶτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱδρῶτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱδρώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱδρῶτι (dative singular)
ἱδρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ (dative plural)
ἱδρῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsi (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱδρώς (singular vocative)
ἱδρῶτε (dual vocative)
ἱδρῶτες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιδρώτας (idrótas)

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Particularly close cognates include Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

μετὰ ἱδρῶτος

κατὰ δ’ ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέων

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.599

ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτί

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 767

ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι

τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 289, (of sweat as the sign of toil)

tês aretês hidrôta theoì propároithen éthēkan

ἱδρῶτα παρέχειν

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.29

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.36

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867a.13

ἱδρῶτες ξηροί

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239c, (opposed to the effect of baths)

C.E. 80–110, Textus Receptus, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22.44


τριήρης

τρῐήρης (canonical)
triḗrēs (romanization)
τρῐῆρες (neuter)
τρῐήρης (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τρῐῆρες (neuter nominative singular)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρη (neuter nominative plural)
τρῐήρους (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρους (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐήροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τρῐήροιν (dual genitive neuter)
τρῐήρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τρῐήρων (genitive neuter plural)
τρῐήρει (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρει (dative neuter singular)
τρῐήροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήροιν (dative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresi (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresin (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative neuter plural)
triḗresi (dative neuter plural)
triḗresin (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρη (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐῆρες (accusative neuter singular)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεις (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρη (accusative neuter plural)
τρῐῆρες (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τρῐῆρες (neuter singular vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρη (neuter plural vocative)
τρῐήρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
τρῐήρης (feminine masculine nominative singular)
τρῐῆρες (neuter nominative singular)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρεε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεε (dual neuter nominative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρεες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
τρῐήρεος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρευς (feminine genitive masculine singular)
τρῐήρεος (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐήρευς (genitive neuter singular)
τρῐηρέοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
τρῐηρέοιν (dual genitive neuter)
τρῐηρέων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
τρῐηρέων (genitive neuter plural)
τρῐήρει (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρεῐ̈ (dative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐήρει (dative neuter singular)
τρῐήρεῐ̈ (dative neuter singular)
τρῐηρέοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐηρέοιν (dative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresi (dative feminine masculine plural)
triḗresin (dative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεσῐ (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεσῐν (dative neuter plural)
triḗresi (dative neuter plural)
triḗresin (dative neuter plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
τρῐῆρες (accusative neuter singular)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρεε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
τρῐήρει (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεε (accusative dual neuter)
τρῐήρεᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
τρῐήρεᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
τρῐῆρες (feminine masculine singular vocative)
τρῐῆρες (neuter singular vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρεε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
τρῐήρει (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεε (dual neuter vocative)
τρῐήρεις (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρεες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
τρῐήρεᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
τρῐηρέως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
τρῐηρέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

τρῐ- (tri-, “three”) + ἐρέτης (erétēs, “rower”)


κυκεών

grc-noun

κῠκεών • (kukeṓn) m (genitive κῠκεῶνος); third declension

κῠκεών (canonical)
kukeṓn (romanization)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κῠκεών (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠκεώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsi (dative plural)
toîs kukeôsin (dative plural)
τὸν κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)
κῠκεών (nominative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (dual nominative)
κῠκεῶνες (nominative plural)
κῠκεῶνος (genitive singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dual genitive)
κῠκεώνων (genitive plural)
κῠκεῶνῐ (dative singular)
κῠκεώνοιῐν (dative dual)
κῠκεῶσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεῶσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσσῐν (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠκεώνεσῐν (dative plural)
kukeôsi (dative plural)
kukeôsin (dative plural)
kukeṓnessi (dative plural)
kukeṓnessin (dative plural)
kukeṓnesi (dative plural)
kukeṓnesin (dative plural)
κῠκεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
κυκεῶ (accusative singular)
κυκειῶ (accusative singular)
κῠκεῶνε (accusative dual)
κῠκεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠκεών (singular vocative)
κῠκεῶνε (dual vocative)
κῠκεῶνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠκεῶνᾰ/κυκεῶ/κυκειῶ

a potion or posset consisting of barley-meal, grated cheese, and Pramnian wine, among other things


ἀργύριον

grc-noun

ἀργύρῐον • (argúrion) n (genitive ἀργῠρίου); second declension

ἀργύρῐον (canonical)
argúrion (romanization)
ἀργῠρίου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ργῠ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive).


ὄπιον

grc-noun

ὄπῐον • (ópion) n (genitive ὀπῐ́ου); second declension

ὄπῐον (canonical)
ópion (romanization)
ὀπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ὄπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄπῐον (singular vocative)
ὀπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὄπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: opium, opion
→ Asturian: opiu
→ Catalan: opi
→ Czech: opium
→ English: opium
→ French: opium
→ German: Opium
→ Italian: oppio
→ Middle Dutch: opium
Dutch: opium
Afrikaans: opium
→ Indonesian: opium
→ West Frisian: opium
→ Portuguese: ópio
→ Romanian: opiu
→ Russian: о́пиум (ópium)
→ Spanish: opio

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (apiyōn)

Persian: اپیون (apiyôn), هپیون (hapiyōn)

desctree

→ Arabic: أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn), أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn) — obsolete
→ Chinese: 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
→ Kurdish
Northern Kurdish: afyon, efyon
→ Middle Armenian: աֆիօն (afiōn), աֆիոն (afion)
→ Indonesian: apiun
→ Madurese: ꦲꦕ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀
→ Old French: affion
→ Ottoman Turkish: آفیون (afyon), աֆիյօն (afiyon) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: afyon
→ Hungarian: áfium
→ Macedonian: афион (afion)
→ Romanian: afion
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: афѝо̄н
Latin script: afìōn
→ Persian: افیون (afyun), اپیون (apyun), ابیون (abyun), هپیون (hapyun), هبیون (habyun), آپیون (âpyun), پیون (piyun)
→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)
→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)
→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)
→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)
→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)
→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)
→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)
→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)
→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)
→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)
→ Uzbek: afyun
→ Spanish: anfión
→ Sundanese: apiun
→ Swahili: afyuni

desc

→ Georgian: აფიონი (apioni), აფთიონი (aptioni)

→ Old Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

Middle Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion), աբիոն (abion)

Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

→ Sanskrit: अफेन (aphena)


μέταλλον

grc-noun

μέταλλον • (métallon) n (genitive μετάλλου); second declension

métallon (romanization)
μετάλλου (genitive)
τὸ μέταλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μετάλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μετάλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μετάλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μετάλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μετάλλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μέταλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μετάλλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέταλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μέταλλον (singular vocative)
μετάλλω (dual vocative)
μέταλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: մետաղ (metał)

Armenian: մետաղ (metaġ)

→ Georgian: მეტალი (meṭali)

Greek: μέταλλο (métallo)

→ Latin: metallum (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Greek because of the presence of -αλλο- (-allo-).


φάρμακον

φάρμᾰκον • (phármakon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension

φάρμᾰκον (canonical)
phármakon (romanization)
φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ φάρμᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
φάρμᾰκον (singular vocative)
φαρμᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
φάρμᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)

→ Latin: pharmacum

Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).
Based on α/ο and μ/β variations found in the likely-related φόρβαντα (phórbanta, “doctor's medicine”), as well as the rather strange structure of the word, R. S. P. Beekes proposes Pre-Greek origin. Foreign origin is also supported by Chantraine, Furnee, and Schwyzer.
An older theory by Pokorny (1959) connects the word to the Greek root φαρ-, supposedly also found in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e. a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, and compares Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) (which he takes as the result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”)) and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare also Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).

unk

Unclear

cog

τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι.

but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)

tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.


χυλός

grc-noun

χῡλός • (khūlós) m (genitive χῡλοῦ); second declension

χῡλός (canonical)
khūlós (romanization)
χῡλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῡλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῡλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῡλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῡλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῡλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῡλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῡλούς (accusative plural)
χῡλέ (singular vocative)
χῡλώ (dual vocative)
χῡλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χυλός (chylós)

→ Latin: chȳlus

→ English: chyle

Traditionally derived as a nominal formation from χέω (khéō, “to pour”), but like χυμός (khumós, “juice, liquid”), it is unclear how the long -ῡ- can be explained.

chyle, juice produced by the digestion of food


βλέννα

βλέννα • (blénna) f (genitive βλέννης); first declension

blénna (romanization)
βλέννης (genitive)
ἡ βλέννᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βλένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βλέννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βλέννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βλένναις (dative plural)
τὴν βλέννᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βλέννᾱς (accusative plural)
βλέννᾰ (singular vocative)
βλέννᾱ (dual vocative)
βλένναι (plural vocative)

Often connected with Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, gentle”) and Middle Irish blind (“slime from the mouth of a dead man”). However, according to Furnée, the variations would prove a Pre-Greek origin.


γύψος

grc-noun

γύψος • (gúpsos) f (genitive γύψου); second declension

gúpsos (romanization)
γύψου (genitive)
ἡ γῠ́ψος (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (dual nominative)
αἱ γῠ́ψοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γῠ́ψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠ́ψων (genitive plural)
τῇ γῠ́ψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γῠ́ψοις (dative plural)
τὴν γῠ́ψον (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γῠ́ψους (accusative plural)
γῠ́ψε (singular vocative)
γῠ́ψω (dual vocative)
γῠ́ψοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: جِبْس (jibs)

→ Greek: γύψος (gýpsos)

→ Latin: gypsum (see there for further descendants)


ἔμετος

ἔμετος • (émetos) m (genitive ἐμέτου); second declension

émetos (romanization)
ἐμέτου (genitive)
ὁ ἔμετος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔμετοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμέτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔμετον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐμέτους (accusative plural)
ἔμετε (singular vocative)
ἐμέτω (dual vocative)
ἔμετοι (plural vocative)


κῦμα

κῦμᾰ • (kûma) n (genitive κῡ́μᾰτος); third declension

κῦμᾰ (canonical)
kûma (romanization)
κῡ́μᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῡ́μᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῡ́μᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῡμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῡμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κῡ́μᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῡμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῡ́μᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κῡ́μᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kū́masi (dative plural)
toîs kū́masin (dative plural)
τὸ κῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῡ́μᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
κῡ́μᾰτε (dual vocative)
κῡ́μᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κύμα (kýma)

Mariupol Greek: ки́ма (kíma)

→ Latin: cȳma (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə, equivalent to κῠ́ω (kúō, “conceive”) + -μᾰ (-ma).

swell, wave, billow
a waved or ogee moulding, cyma


θηριακή

θηρῐᾰκή • (thēriakḗ) f (genitive θηρῐᾰκῆς); first declension

θηρῐᾰκή (canonical)
thēriakḗ (romanization)
θηρῐᾰκῆς (genitive)
ἡ θηρῐᾰκή (nominative singular)
τὼ θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ θηρῐᾰκαί (nominative plural)
τῆς θηρῐᾰκῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θηρῐᾰκαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θηρῐᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θηρῐᾰκῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν θηρῐᾰκαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς θηρῐᾰκαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν θηρῐᾰκήν (accusative singular)
τὼ θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
θηρῐᾰκή (singular vocative)
θηρῐᾰκᾱ́ (dual vocative)
θηρῐᾰκαί (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī)

ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ

Classical Syriac: ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē)

→ Old English: tiriaca

desctree

→ Latin: thēriaca, thēriacē, thȳriaca, thīriaca, tȳriaca, tīriaca, tēriaca
→ English: theriaca
Old French: triacle f or m
Middle French: triacle f or m
French: triacle f or m
→ Middle Dutch: triakel
→ Middle English: triacle, triacul, triakle, triakel, triakele, triakil, treacle, treacul, treakil, treakille
English: treacle
→ Welsh: triagl
→ Middle High German: triakel f or m, driakel, triaker, driaker
German: Triakel m or f, Driakel m or f, Driaker m, Triaker m, Dreiocker m etc.
→ Czech: dryák
→ Middle French: thériaque
French: thériaque
→ English: theriac
→ Old Norse: tréhakl
Sicilian: triaca

desc

→ Persian: تریاک (taryâk, teryâk, “opium”)

→ Old Armenian: թիւրակէ (tʻiwrakē)

From θηρῐᾰκός (thēriakós, “of little beasts”), here particularly associated with poisonous reptiles.


οὖρον

grc-noun

οὖρον • (oûron) n (genitive οὔρου); second declension

oûron (romanization)
οὔρου (genitive)
τὸ οὖρον (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὔρων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔροις (dative plural)
τὸ οὖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖρον (singular vocative)
οὔρω (dual vocative)
οὖρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ούρο (oúro), ούρα (oúra)

From οὐρέω (ouréō, “to urinate”). Not related to Latin ūrīna.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.111


μαγνησία

μαγνησίᾱ • (magnēsíā) f (genitive μαγνησίᾱς); first declension

μαγνησίᾱ (canonical)
magnēsíā (romanization)
μαγνησίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μαγνησίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς μαγνησίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ μαγνησίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν μαγνησίᾱν (accusative singular)
μαγνησίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: μαγνησία (magnisía)

desc

مَغْنِيسِيَا

→ Arabic: مَغْنِيسِيَا (maḡnīsiyā)

→ Arabic: مَغْنِيسِيَا (maḡnīsiyā)

→ Medieval Latin: magnēsia

→ English: magnesia

→ French: magnésie (learned)

→ Italian: magnesia (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: magnesia

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: magnesia

→ Portuguese: magnésia (learned)

→ Spanish: magnesia (learned)

desctree

⇒ Italian: manganese
→ French: manganèse
→ English: manganese, manganesium, manganesum (obsolete)
→ Welsh: manganîs

⇒ New Latin: magnēsium (see there for further descendants)

Clipping of Μαγνησίᾱ λίθος (Magnēsíā líthos, literally “Magnesian stone”).

clipping

Μαγνησίᾱ λίθος

name of several ores and metallic amalgams


αἱμοφόβος

haimophóbos (romanization)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter)
αἱμοφόβος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter nominative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβου (genitive neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual genitive neuter)
αἱμοφόβων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβων (genitive neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter vocative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Latin: haemophobus

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + φοβέω (phobéō, “to fear”) + -ος (-os).

af

(Koine) blood-fearing, afraid of bleeding


ὑετός

grc-noun

ῡ̔ετός • (hūetós) m (genitive ῡ̔ετοῦ); second declension

ῡ̔ετός (canonical)
hūetós (romanization)
ῡ̔ετοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῡ̔ετός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῡ̔ετώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῡ̔ετοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῡ̔ετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῡ̔ετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῡ̔ετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῡ̔ετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῡ̔ετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῡ̔ετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῡ̔ετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῡ̔ετώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῡ̔ετούς (accusative plural)
ῡ̔ετέ (singular vocative)
ῡ̔ετώ (dual vocative)
ῡ̔ετοί (plural vocative)


γλεῦκος

γλεῦκος • (gleûkos) n (genitive γλεύκους or γλεύκεος); third declension

gleûkos (romanization)
γλεύκους (genitive)
γλεύκεος (genitive)
τὸ γλεῦκος (nominative singular)
τὼ γλεύκει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γλεύκη (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλεύκους (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλευκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλεύκει (dative singular)
τοῖν γλευκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλεύκεσῐ (dative plural)
γλεύκεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs gleúkesi (dative plural)
toîs gleúkesin (dative plural)
τὸ γλεῦκος (accusative singular)
τὼ γλεύκει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γλεύκη (accusative plural)
γλεῦκος (singular vocative)
γλεύκει (dual vocative)
γλεύκη (plural vocative)

grc-decl

There also exists a Doric genitive singular in <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">γλεύκιος</i>.

French: glucose

English: glucose

Russian: глюкоза (gljukoza)

Greek: γλεύκος (gléfkos)

From Proto-Hellenic *dléukus, from Proto-Indo-European *dléwkus. Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀆𐀩𐀄𐀒 (de-re-u-ko /dleukos/) and Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús).

cog

Ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.

But others, mocking, said "These men are full of new wine".

Héteroi dè diakhleuázontes élegon hóti Gleúkous memestōménoi eisín.

ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.

circa''' AD 80–90, The New Testament in the original Greek (1885), Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων 2:13

Others, mocking, said, “They are filled with new wine.” ― translation from: World English Bible (rev. of 1901 ed.), Acts 2:13


σκύφος

grc-noun

σκῠ́φος • (skúphos) m (genitive σκῠ́φου); second declension

σκῠ́φος • (skúphos) n (genitive σκῠ́φεος or σκῠ́φους); third declension

σκῠ́φος (canonical)
skúphos (romanization)
σκῠ́φου (genitive)
σκῠ́φος (canonical)
skúphos (romanization)
σκῠ́φεος (genitive)
σκῠ́φους (genitive)
ὁ σκῠ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῠ́φοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῠ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῠ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῠ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῠ́φον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῠ́φους (accusative plural)
σκῠ́φε (singular vocative)
σκῠ́φω (dual vocative)
σκῠ́φοι (plural vocative)
τὸ σκῠ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῠ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῠ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῠ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
σκῠ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs skúphesi (dative plural)
toîs skúphesin (dative plural)
τὸ σκῠ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́φη (accusative plural)
σκῠ́φος (singular vocative)
σκῠ́φει (dual vocative)
σκῠ́φη (plural vocative)

⇒ Translingual: Austroscyphus, Scyphozoa

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܩܦܐ (ʾesqəp̄āʾ)
→ Old Armenian: սկահ (skah)
→ Armenian: սկահ (skah) (learned)
→? Georgian: სკა (sḳa)

→ Latin: scyphus
→ Catalan: escif (learned)
Sicilian: scifu
→ English: scyphus

Unknown, perhaps Pre-Greek. Compare σκάφος (skáphos).

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.112

540 BCE – 450 BCE, Epicharmus, Collected Works 83

, 411, 256, 556,

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 390

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 146

Epig. 3

375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 130

450 BCE – 350 BCE, Archippus 7

Alcm. 34

Anacr. 82

556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 246

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Fr. 17

Sophr. 15

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 7.1324b.17

a cup or can, especially one used by peasants

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 1.143


καδμεία

grc-noun

κᾰδμείᾱ • (kadmeíā) f (genitive κᾰδμείᾱς); first declension

κᾰδμείᾱ (canonical)
kadmeíā (romanization)
κᾰδμείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰδμείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰδμείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰδμεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰδμείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰδμείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰδμειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰδμείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰδμείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰδμείαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰδμείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰδμείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰδμείᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰδμείᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰδμείᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰδμεῖαι (plural vocative)

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.74

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 1.413

PTeb., 273 14

Alternative letter-case form of Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kadmeíā), calamine.


αἱματόεις

αἱμᾰτόεις (canonical)
haimatóeis (romanization)
αἱμᾰτόεσσᾰ (feminine)
αἱμᾰτόεν (neuter)
αἱμᾰτόεις (masculine nominative singular)
αἱμᾰτόεσσᾰ (feminine nominative singular)
αἱμᾰτόεν (neuter nominative singular)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (dual masculine nominative)
αἱμᾰτοέσσᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (dual neuter nominative)
αἱμᾰτόεντες (masculine nominative plural)
αἱμᾰτόεσσαι (feminine nominative plural)
αἱμᾰτόεντᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
αἱμᾰτόεντος (genitive masculine singular)
αἱμᾰτοέσσης (feminine genitive singular)
αἱμᾰτόεντος (genitive neuter singular)
αἱμᾰτοέντοιν (dual genitive masculine)
αἱμᾰτοέσσαιν (dual feminine genitive)
αἱμᾰτοέντοιν (dual genitive neuter)
αἱμᾰτοέντων (genitive masculine plural)
αἱμᾰτοεσσῶν (feminine genitive plural)
αἱμᾰτοέντων (genitive neuter plural)
αἱμᾰτόεντῐ (dative masculine singular)
αἱμᾰτοέσσῃ (dative feminine singular)
αἱμᾰτόεντῐ (dative neuter singular)
αἱμᾰτοέντοιν (dative dual masculine)
αἱμᾰτοέσσαιν (dative dual feminine)
αἱμᾰτοέντοιν (dative dual neuter)
αἱμᾰτόεισῐ (dative masculine plural)
αἱμᾰτόεισῐν (dative masculine plural)
haimatóeisi (dative masculine plural)
haimatóeisin (dative masculine plural)
αἱμᾰτοέσσαις (dative feminine plural)
αἱμᾰτόεισῐ (dative neuter plural)
αἱμᾰτόεισῐν (dative neuter plural)
haimatóeisi (dative neuter plural)
haimatóeisin (dative neuter plural)
αἱμᾰτόεντᾰ (accusative masculine singular)
αἱμᾰτόεσσᾰν (accusative feminine singular)
αἱμᾰτόεν (accusative neuter singular)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (accusative dual masculine)
αἱμᾰτοέσσᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (accusative dual neuter)
αἱμᾰτόεντᾰς (accusative masculine plural)
αἱμᾰτοέσσᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
αἱμᾰτόεντᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
αἱμᾰτόεν (masculine singular vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεσσᾰ (feminine singular vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεν (neuter singular vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (dual masculine vocative)
αἱμᾰτοέσσᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεντε (dual neuter vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεντες (masculine plural vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεσσαι (feminine plural vocative)
αἱμᾰτόεντᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
αἱμᾰτοέντως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμᾰτοέστερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμᾰτοέστᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -εις (-eis, adjectival suffix).

suffix

αἱματόεσσα δὲ χεὶρ πεδίῳ πέσε· ...

and the arm dropped to the ground bleeding

covered or mingled with blood, bloody, bloodstained, bleeding


μύξα

grc-noun

μῠ́ξᾰ • (múxa) f (genitive μῠ́ξης); first declension

μῠ́ξᾰ (canonical)
múxa (romanization)
μῠ́ξης (genitive)
ἡ μῠ́ξᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠ́ξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠ́ξης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠ́ξαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠ́ξῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠ́ξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠ́ξαις (dative plural)
τὴν μῠ́ξᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠ́ξᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠ́ξᾰ (singular vocative)
μῠ́ξᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠ́ξαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mew-k- (“slip, slime”). Cognates include μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”), μύσσομαι (mússomai, “to blow the nose”) and Latin mucus.


ζῦθος

grc-noun

ζῦθος • (zûthos) m or n (genitive ζῡ́θου or ζῡ́θους, variously declined); second declension, third declension

zûthos (romanization)
ζῡ́θου (genitive)
ζῡ́θους (genitive)
genitive ζῡ́θου (romanization)
ζῡ́θους (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ ζῦθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν ζῦθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ζῡ́θους (accusative plural)
ζῦθε (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θω (dual vocative)
ζῦθοι (plural vocative)
τὸ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θει (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θεσῐ (dative plural)
ζῡ́θεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesi (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesin (dative plural)
τὸ ζῦθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (accusative plural)
ζῦθος (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θει (dual vocative)
ζῡ́θη (plural vocative)

Greek: ζύθος (zýthos)

→ Latin: zȳthum

→ Translingual: Zythos

Unknown; suggested sources have included Egyptian, Proto-Scythian, Pre-Greek, or a native origin, in which case it would be related to ζύμη (zúmē, “yeast”) and ζέω (zéō, “to boil”). See even farther Angami zhūthō (“rice beer”) whence English zutho.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 6.11.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.87

ἅπασα μὲν ἡ χώρα αὕτη οὐκ εὔοινος, πλείω δεχομένου τοῦ κεράμου θάλατταν ἢ οἶνον ὃν δὴ καλοῦσι Λιβυκόν, ᾧ δὴ καὶ τῷ ζύθῳ τὸ πολὺ φῦλον χρῆται τῶν Ἀλεξανδρέων·

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 17.1.14

hápasa mèn hē khṓra haútē ouk eúoinos, pleíō dekhoménou toû kerámou thálattan ḕ oînon hòn dḕ kaloûsi Libukón, hôi dḕ kaì tôi zúthōi tò polù phûlon khrêtai tôn Alexandréōn;

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.34

an Egyptian kind of beer brewed with barley


πύον

πῠ́ον • (púon) n (genitive πῠ́ου); second declension

πῠ́ον (canonical)
púon (romanization)
πῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πῠ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῠ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πῠ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῠ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
πῠ́ον (singular vocative)
πῠ́ω (dual vocative)
πῠ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πύον (pýon)

English: pyo-

From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”), the same root of πύθομαι (púthomai, “to putrify, decay”) and πῡός (pūós, “beestings, colostrum”). Other Indo-European cognates are Latin pūs (“pus”), Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul”), Sanskrit पुवस् (puvas, “purulent matter”) and Old Armenian փուտ (pʻut, “rottenness, putrefaction”).


δέπας

grc-noun

δέπᾰς • (dépas) n (genitive δέπᾰος); third declension

δέπᾰς (canonical)
dépas (romanization)
δέπᾰος (genitive)
τὸ δέπᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ δέπᾰε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δέπᾰ (nominative plural)
δέπᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δέπᾰος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δεπᾰ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δεπᾰ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ δέπαι (dative singular)
δέπᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δεπᾰ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δεπάεσσῐ (dative plural)
δεπάεσσῐν (dative plural)
δέπᾱσσῐ (dative plural)
δέπᾱσσῐν (dative plural)
toîs depáessi (dative plural)
toîs depáessin (dative plural)
dépāssi (dative plural)
dépāssin (dative plural)
τὸ δέπᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ δέπᾰε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δέπᾰ (accusative plural)
δέπᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δέπᾰς (singular vocative)
δέπᾰε (dual vocative)
δέπᾰ (plural vocative)
δέπᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
δέπᾰς (nominative singular)
δέπᾰε (dual nominative)
δέπᾱ (nominative plural)
δέπᾰος (genitive singular)
δεπᾰ́οιν (dual genitive)
δεπᾰ́ων (genitive plural)
δέπᾰϊ̆ (dative singular)
δέπαι (dative singular)
δέπᾳ (dative singular)
δεπᾰ́οιν (dative dual)
δεπάεσσῐ (dative plural)
δεπάεσσῐν (dative plural)
δέπᾱσσῐ (dative plural)
δέπᾱσσῐν (dative plural)
depáessi (dative plural)
depáessin (dative plural)
dépāssi (dative plural)
dépāssin (dative plural)
δέπᾰς (accusative singular)
δέπᾰε (accusative dual)
δέπᾱ (accusative plural)
δέπᾰς (singular vocative)
δέπᾰε (dual vocative)
δέπᾱ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δεπάεσσῐ(ν)/δέπᾱσσῐ(ν)

δέπᾰϊ̆/δέπαι/δέπᾳ

δεπάεσσῐ(ν)/δέπᾱσσῐ(ν)

According to Beekes, it is a Pre-Greek word, like many other words for vessels. This word is generally connected to Luwian [script needed] (tipas, “sky, heaven”). Another theory derives the noun from Proto-Albanian *deupa (“cradle, deposit”), comparing it to Albanian djep.


μελάνιον

grc-noun

μελάνῐον • (melánion) n (genitive μελᾰνίου); second declension

μελάνῐον (canonical)
melánion (romanization)
μελᾰνίου (genitive)
τὸ μελᾰ́νῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μελᾰ́νῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελᾰνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελᾰνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μελᾰνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελᾰνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μελᾰ́νῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μελᾰ́νῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μελᾰ́νῐον (singular vocative)
μελᾰνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μελᾰ́νῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μελάνι (meláni)

From μέλαν (mélan, “ink”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


κυβάβδα

head

κυβάβδα • (kubábda)

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the cluster -βδ.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


βρῦτος

grc-noun

βρῦτος • (brûtos) m (genitive βρῡ́του); second declension

brûtos (romanization)
βρῡ́του (genitive)
ὁ βρῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῡ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρῦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρῡ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῡ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῡ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρῡ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῡ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρῡ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρῦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῡ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρῡ́τους (accusative plural)
βρῦτε (singular vocative)
βρῡ́τω (dual vocative)
βρῦτοι (plural vocative)

From Thracian *brutos (“beer, a type of barley beer”). According to Pokorny, this is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, be hot”).

der

bg:Иван Дуриданов


σίκερα

desctree

→ Latin: sīcera
→ Middle English: ciser, siser, cisar, seser, cyser, sicer, syser, cisere
→ English: cyser
Old French: cisdre, sidre
→ Breton: sistr
French: cidre
→ German: Cidre
→ Polish: cydr
→ Romanian: cidru
→ Russian: сидр (sidr)
→ Ukrainian: сидр (sydr)
→ Middle Dutch: sider
Dutch: cider
→ Middle English: sider, sedyr, cedyr, sydyr, cidre, sidre, syder, sydur, siþer, sythere, sydir, sidur, sithir, cyther, cyder
English: cider
→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
→ Finnish: siideri
→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter
→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)
Scots: cedar (obsolete)
→ Welsh: seidr
→ Galician: sidra
→ Spanish: sidra
→ Catalan: sidra
→ Tagalog: sidra
→ Italian: sidro.

From the Septuagint rendition of Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār), used to refer to strong drinks, from Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”).

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)


πτύσμα

grc-noun

πτύσμᾰ • (ptúsma) n (genitive πτύσμᾰτος); third declension

πτύσμᾰ (canonical)
ptúsma (romanization)
πτύσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πτῠ́σμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτῠ́σμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πτῠ́σμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πτῠ́σμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτῠσμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτῠσμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πτῠ́σμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτῠσμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πτῠ́σμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πτῠ́σμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ptúsmasi (dative plural)
toîs ptúsmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πτῠ́σμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πτῠ́σμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πτῠ́σμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πτῠ́σμᾰ (singular vocative)
πτῠ́σμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πτῠ́σμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From πτύω (ptúō, “to spit”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).


κάλπις

κᾰ́λπῐς • (kálpis) f (genitive κᾰ́λπῐδος); third declension

κᾰ́λπῐς (canonical)
kálpis (romanization)
κᾰ́λπῐδος (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́λπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λπῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́λπῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́λπῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́λπῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́λπῐσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́λπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kálpisi (dative plural)
taîs kálpisin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́λπῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λπῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λπῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λπῐς (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λπῐδε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λπῐδες (plural vocative)

→ English: kalpis

Without a certain explanation. Often connected with Breton kelorn (“bucket”) but this does not explain the -α-. Furnée connects it with Ancient Greek κελέβη (kelébē), for which there seems no reason. Possibly from Pre-Greek.


κιννάβαρι

κιννάβᾰρῐ • (kinnábari) n (genitive κιννᾰβάρεως); third declension

κιννάβᾰρῐ (canonical)
kinnábari (romanization)
κιννᾰβάρεως (genitive)
τὸ κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (nominative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κιννᾰβᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν κιννᾰβᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kinnabáresi (dative plural)
toîs kinnabáresin (dative plural)
τὸ κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (accusative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (accusative plural)
κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (plural vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cinnabari, cinnabaris (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܝܢܒܪܝܣ, ܩܢܒܪܝܣ, ܩܝܡܒܪܝܣ

Probably an eastern loanword according to Beekes. Compare Arabic زِنْجَفْر (zinjafr), related to Persian شنگرف (šangarf) from Old Persian 𐎿𐎡𐎣𐎲𐎽𐎢𐏁 (s-i-k-b-ru-u-š /siⁿkabruš/, “carnelian”), of unknown origin.


ψάδδα

grc-noun

ψάδδα • (psádda) f (genitive ψάδδης); first declension

psádda (romanization)
ψάδδης (genitive)
ἡ ψᾰ́δδᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς ψᾰ́δδης (genitive singular)
τῇ ψᾰ́δδῃ (dative singular)
τὴν ψᾰ́δδᾰν (accusative singular)
ψᾰ́δδᾰ (singular vocative)

Unknown. Only attested in Hesychius.
Possibly related to ψαθυρός (psathurós, “friable, crumbling”).

ψάδδα· ἡ κινάβαρις

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Ψ:


ἀχάτης

ᾰ̓χᾱ́της • (akhā́tēs) m (genitive ᾰ̓χᾱ́του); first declension

ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (canonical)
akhā́tēs (romanization)
ᾰ̓χᾱ́του (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓χᾶται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓χᾱ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χᾱτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓χᾱ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓χᾶτᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓χᾶται (plural vocative)

Greek: αχάτης (achátis)

desctree

→ Latin: achātēs
Catalan: àgata
French: agate
Italian: agata
Portuguese: ágata
Spanish: ágata
→ English: agate
→ Irish: agáit

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ագաթէս (agatʻēs), ագադէս (agadēs)

→ Old Armenian: ակատ (akat)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: აქატჱ (akaṭē)
Georgian: აქატი (akaṭi)

Loaned from a non-Indo-European source, possibly Semitic (compare Aramaic עקיק). The river Ἀχάτης in Sicily is probably named after the mineral.


ὕρχη

grc-noun

ὕρχη • (húrkhē) f (genitive ὕρχης); first declension

húrkhē (romanization)
ὕρχης (genitive)
ἡ ὕρχη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὕρχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὕρχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὕρχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὕρχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑρχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὕρχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὕρχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὕρχαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὕρχην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὕρχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὕρχᾱς (accusative plural)
ὕρχη (singular vocative)
ὕρχᾱ (dual vocative)
ὕρχαι (plural vocative)

→? Carian: 𐊫𐊥𐊽 (ork)

→? Latin: orca (see there for further descendants)

According to Beekes, a technical word of Pre-Greek origin.


σταγών

στᾰγών • (stagṓn) f (genitive στᾰγόνος); third declension

στᾰγών (canonical)
stagṓn (romanization)
στᾰγόνος (genitive)
ἡ στᾰγών (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰγόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ στᾰγόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς στᾰγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰγόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ στᾰγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰγόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στᾰγόσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰγόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs stagósi (dative plural)
taîs stagósin (dative plural)
τὴν στᾰγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰγόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στᾰγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
στᾰγών (singular vocative)
στᾰγόνε (dual vocative)
στᾰγόνες (plural vocative)

Greek: σταγόνα (stagóna)

See στάζω (stázō, “to drip”). Stem σταγ-.

ὀμμᾰτοστᾰγεῖς πηγαί

of welling tears; fountains; of feminine noun

στάγες

stáges, irregular plural nominative of σταγών as from στάξ

στάξ

σταγών, drop


σίαλον

σίᾰλον • (síalon) n (genitive σῐάλου); second declension

σίᾰλον (canonical)
síalon (romanization)
σῐάλου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ᾰλον (singular vocative)
σῐᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown. According to Beekes, probably an onomatopoeic word. Compare Latin salīva.


ὀρείχαλκος

ὀρείχᾰλκος • (oreíkhalkos) m (genitive ὀρειχᾰ́λκου); second declension

ὀρείχᾰλκος (canonical)
oreíkhalkos (romanization)
ὀρειχᾰ́λκου (genitive)
ὁ ὀρείχᾰλκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀρείχᾰλκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρειχᾰ́λκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρειχᾰ́λκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρειχᾰ́λκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρειχᾰ́λκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρειχᾰ́λκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρειχᾰ́λκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀρείχᾰλκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀρειχᾰ́λκους (accusative plural)
ὀρείχᾰλκε (singular vocative)
ὀρειχᾰ́λκω (dual vocative)
ὀρείχᾰλκοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Greek: ορείχαλκος (oreíchalkos) (learned)

→ Latin: orīchalcum

→ English: orichalcum (learned)

→ Spanish: oricalco (learned)

→ French: orichalque (learned)

→ Italian: oricalco (learned)

→ Latin: aurīchalcum

→ Spanish: auricalco (learned)

→ Russian: аврихальк (avrixalʹk) (learned)

→ German: Oreichalk (learned)

→ Russian: орихалк (orixalk) (learned)

Looks like the dative singular of ὄρος (óros, “mountain”) + χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”), however the same way Latin has connected the first part as aurīchalcum to aurum (“gold”) this is also a folk-etymology and the first part is rather Akkadian 𒍏 (URUD /ēru, wēru/, “copper”), making a tautological compound.

λίθος [...] μετὰ γῆς τινος καμινευθεὶς ἀποστάζει ψευδάργυρον͵ ἣ προσλαβοῦσα χαλκὸν τὸ καλούμενον γίνεται κρᾶμα͵ ὅ τινες ὀρείχαλκον καλοῦσι

a stone … which heated in a furnace with a certain earth distils mock silver (zinc); and this, with the addition of copper, makes the so-called "mixture" (alloy), which by some is called "orichalcum"

brass made from yellow copper ore; an alloy of copper and "mock silver" (presumably zinc)

[...] ἐν δὲ τρητοῖσι λοβοῖσιν ἄνθεμ’ ὀρειχάλκου χρυσοῖό τε τιμήεντος

c. 7th century BCE, Homer (attributed, unlikely), Ὁμηρικὸς ὕμνος ε' "Εἰς Ἀφροδίτην":

… and in her perforated ears earrings of orichalcum and of precious gold

[...] en dè trētoîsi loboîsin ánthem’ oreikhálkou khrusoîó te timḗentos

orichalcum, a natural or mythical valuable alloy of copper and perhaps gold


βούλλα

grc-noun

βούλλα • (boúlla) f (genitive βούλλης); first declension

boúlla (romanization)
βούλλης (genitive)
ἡ βοῦλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βούλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βοῦλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βούλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βούλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βούλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βούλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βούλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν βοῦλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βούλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βούλλᾱς (accusative plural)
βοῦλλᾰ (singular vocative)
βούλλᾱ (dual vocative)
βοῦλλαι (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: βούλα (voúla)
→ Albanian: vulë
→ Aromanian: vulã
→ Bulgarian: ву́ла (vúla)


κόρυζα

grc-noun

κόρῡζᾰ • (kórūza) f (genitive κορῡ́ζης); first declension

κόρῡζᾰ (canonical)
kórūza (romanization)
κορῡ́ζης (genitive)
ἡ κόρῡζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῡ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόρῡζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορῡ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῡ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῡζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορῡ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῡ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορῡ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν κόρῡζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῡ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορῡ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
κόρῡζᾰ (singular vocative)
κορῡ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
κόρῡζαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: corȳza

Traditionally compared to Old English hrot (“mucus”) but Beekes doesn't dismiss a Pre-Greek origin.


βῆσσα

βῆσσᾰ • (bêssa) f (genitive βήσσης); first declension

βῆσσᾰ (canonical)
bêssa (romanization)
βήσσης (genitive)
ἡ βῆσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βήσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βῆσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βήσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βήσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βησσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βήσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βήσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βήσσαις (dative plural)
τὴν βῆσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βήσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βήσσᾱς (accusative plural)
βῆσσᾰ (singular vocative)
βήσσᾱ (dual vocative)
βῆσσαι (plural vocative)

Traditionally it has been connected with βαθύς (bathús, “deep”), as an e-grade root variant but Furnée doesn't dismiss a Pre-Greek origin and links the noun to the gloss βρῆσσαι (brêssai) found in Hesychius.


ἰκμάς

ἰκμᾰ́ς • (ikmás) f (genitive ἰκμᾰ́δος); third declension

ἰκμᾰ́ς (canonical)
ikmás (romanization)
ἰκμᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἰκμᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκμᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἰκμᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἰκμᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκμᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκμᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἰκμᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκμᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἰκμᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἰκμᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ikmási (dative plural)
taîs ikmásin (dative plural)
τὴν ἰκμᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκμᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἰκμᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἰκμᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
ἰκμᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
ἰκμᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: ικμάδα (ikmáda)

From Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to filter”) and cognate with Old English sēon (“to filter”), Russian сцать (scatʹ, “to piss”) and Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcáti, “to pour”). Beekes suggests *seyk- as the original root.


πάτελλα

grc-noun

πάτελλα • (pátella) f (genitive πατέλλης); first declension

pátella (romanization)
πατέλλης (genitive)
ἡ πάτελλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πατέλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πάτελλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πατέλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πατέλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πατελλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πατέλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πατέλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πατέλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν πάτελλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πατέλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πατέλλᾱς (accusative plural)
πάτελλᾰ (singular vocative)
πατέλλᾱ (dual vocative)
πάτελλαι (plural vocative)

150–200, Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten VI 9042, 2


σανδαράκη

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (sandarákē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (canonical)
sandarákē (romanization)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ

Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Latin: sandaraca

English: sandarac

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /šindu, simṭu, šimtu/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/šindu arqu/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".
Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

unk

unknown


ὑδρόμελι

grc-noun

ὑδρόμελῐ • (hudrómeli) n (genitive ὑδρομέλῐτος); third declension

ὑδρόμελῐ (canonical)
hudrómeli (romanization)
ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑδρομέλῐτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδρομελῐ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑδρομέλῐτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδρομελῐ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑδρομέλῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὑδρομέλῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisi (dative plural)
toîs hudromélisin (dative plural)
τὸ ὑδρόμελῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδρομέλῐτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑδρόμελῐ (singular vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτε (dual vocative)
ὑδρομέλῐτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: υδρόμελο (ydrómelo)

→ Catalan: hidromel

→ English: hydromel

→ Latin: hydromel

→ Italian: idromele

From ὑδρο- (hudro-, “water”) + μέλι (méli, “honey”).


ἄσχυ

grc-noun

ἄσχῠ • (áskhu) n (genitive ἄσχῠος); third declension

ἄσχῠ (canonical)
áskhu (romanization)
ἄσχῠος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́σχῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σχῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́σχῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σχῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs áskhusi (dative plural)
toîs áskhusin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σχῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́σχῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́σχῠ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́σχῠᾰ (plural vocative)

inspissated juice of the fruit of the bird cherry


ἀμίλλακα

ἀμίλλακα • (amíllaka) f (genitive ἀμιλλάκᾱς); first declension

amíllaka (romanization)
ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀμίλλακαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμιλλακῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀμιλλάκᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμιλλάκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμιλλάκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀμιλλάκᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμιλλάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀμιλλάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀμιλλάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀμίλλακαι (plural vocative)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: οἶνον (oînon, “wine”).


ὑδράργυρος

ὑδράργῠρος • (hudrárguros) f (genitive ὑδραργύρου); second declension

ὑδράργῠρος (canonical)
hudrárguros (romanization)
ὑδραργύρου (genitive)
ἡ ὑδράργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδραργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδράργῠροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδραργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδραργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδραργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδραργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδραργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδραργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδράργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδραργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδραργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
ὑδράργῠρε (singular vocative)
ὑδραργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
ὑδράργῠροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: hydrargyrus

From ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + ἄργῠρος (árguros, “silver”).

af

quicksilver artificially prepared from cinnabar ore