ἄνθραξ

grc-noun

ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension

ánthrax (romanization)
ἄνθρακος (genitive)
ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánthrăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs ánthrăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Czech: anthrax

desc

→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene

→ French: anthrax

→ German: Anthrax

→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)

→ Dutch: antrax

→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс

→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus

→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)

Uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "primitive word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), Old English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).


ὄνυξ

grc-noun

ὄνῠξ • (ónŭx) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

ὄνῠξ (canonical)
ónŭx (romanization)
ὄνῠχος (genitive)
ὁ ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ónŭxĭ (dative plural)
toîs ónŭxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)
ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dual genitive)
ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dative dual)
ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
ónŭxĭ (dative plural)
ónŭxĭn (dative plural)
onŭ́khessĭ (dative plural)
onŭ́khessĭn (dative plural)
onŭ́khesĭ (dative plural)
onŭ́khesĭn (dative plural)
ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: νύχιν (núkhin) (from diminutive ὀνύχιον)

Greek: νύχι (nýchi)

Mariupol Greek: ныш (nyš), ниш (niš)

→ Latin: onyx

Old French: oniche, onix

French: onyx

→ Dutch: onyx

→ Romanian: onix

desctree

→ Middle English: oniche, oneche, onix, onis, onyx, onys
English: onyx
Scots: onix

→ Russian: о́никс (óniks)
→ Kazakh: оникс (oniks)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”). Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish inga, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).
The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.

anything which resembles a claw or nail
onyx (gem)


ἤλεκτρον

grc-noun

ἤλεκτρον • (ḗlektron) n (genitive ἠλέκτρου); second declension

ḗlektron (romanization)
ἠλέκτρου (genitive)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠλέκτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠλέκτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠλέκτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠλέκτροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἤλεκτρον (singular vocative)
ἠλέκτρω (dual vocative)
ἤλεκτρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: electro-

→ French: électro-

Greek: ήλεκτρο (ílektro)

→ Latin: electrum

→ Russian: электрон (elektron)

Related to Ancient Greek ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining, brilliant; byname of the Sun”), with further origin unknown. Possible, though doubtful, connections include Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”) and/or Latin Vulcānus (“god of fire and metalworking”), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”), or Pre-Greek.


βήρυλλος

grc-noun

βήρυλλος • (bḗrullos) f (genitive βηρύλλου); second declension

bḗrullos (romanization)
βηρύλλου (genitive)
ὁ βήρυλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (dual nominative)
οἱ βήρυλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βηρύλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηρύλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ βηρύλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βηρύλλοις (dative plural)
τὸν βήρυλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βηρύλλους (accusative plural)
βήρυλλε (singular vocative)
βηρύλλω (dual vocative)
βήρυλλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βήρυλλος (víryllos)

→ Amharic: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: բիւրեղ (biwreł)
Armenian: բյուրեղ (byureł)

→ Old Georgian: ბჳრილიონი (bwirilioni)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ብርሌ (bərəlle), ቢረሌ (birälle), ብረሌ (bərälle)

→ Sebat Bet Gurage: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Latin: bēryllus, bērillus, berullus (see there for further descendants)

→ Tigre: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Tigrinya: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

Borrowed from Middle Indic forms like Pali veḷuriya or Prakrit 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀅 (verulia), from Dravidian, probably named after Velur (modern day Belur) in southern India.
The variants βηρύλλιον (bērúllion) and βηρύλλιος (bērúllios) reflect the source veruḷiya more faithfully than βήρυλλος (bḗrullos).


ἀδάμας

grc-noun

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς • (adắmās) m (genitive ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος); third declension

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς (canonical)
adắmās (romanization)
ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ădắmāsĭ (dative plural)
toîs ădắmāsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰν (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: adamās
→ Albanian: adham
→ English: adamant, diamond (via Old French)
→ Irish: adhmaint
Italian: adamante
Portuguese: adamante
Spanish: adamante
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *adimas, *adimantem, *diamas, *diamantem
Catalan: imant, diamant (via French)
Old French: aimant, diamant
French: aimant, diamant (see there for further descendants)
Italian: diamante
Istriot: giamanto
Portuguese: diamante, ímã
Sicilian: damanti, diamanti
Spanish: diamante, imán

→ Old Armenian: ադամանդ (adamand)

→ Old Georgian: ანდამატიაჲ (andamaṭiay), ადამანტი (adamanṭi), ადამატი (adamaṭi), ადამაჲ (adamay)
Georgian: ანდამატი (andamaṭi)

Often derived from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + δαμνάω (damnáō, “conquer”), as “indomitable”, but Beekes remarks that semantically this is strange and the word is rather a Semitic borrowing that was adapted by folk etymology; compare Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (adamu) or 𒋤𒉘 (elmēšu [SUD.ÁG], “a valuable stone, perhaps amber”). Middle Persian ʾlmʾs (almās) is probably from the same source.

adamant, the hardest metal (probably steel)


λευκόχρυσος

grc-noun

λευκοχρῡ́σου

λευκόχρῡσος • (leukókhrūsos) f (genitive λευκοχρῡ́σου); second declension

λευκόχρῡσος (canonical)
leukókhrūsos (romanization)
λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόχρῡσος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόχρῡσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοχρῡ́σων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοχρῡ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοχρῡ́σοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόχρῡσον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοχρῡ́σους (accusative plural)
λευκόχρῡσε (singular vocative)
λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual vocative)
λευκόχρῡσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λευκόχρυσος (lefkóchrysos)

→ Latin: leucochrȳsos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”).


σμάραγδος

grc-noun

σμᾰ́ραγδος • (smắragdos) f (genitive σμᾰράγδου); second declension

σμᾰ́ραγδος (canonical)
smắragdos (romanization)
σμᾰράγδου (genitive)
ἡ σμᾰ́ραγδος (nominative singular)
τὼ σμᾰράγδω (dual nominative)
αἱ σμᾰ́ραγδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς σμᾰράγδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμᾰράγδων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμᾰράγδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμᾰράγδοις (dative plural)
τὴν σμᾰ́ραγδον (accusative singular)
τὼ σμᾰράγδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμᾰράγδους (accusative plural)
σμᾰ́ραγδε (singular vocative)
σμᾰράγδω (dual vocative)
σμᾰ́ραγδοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: زُمُرُّد (zumurrud)

→ Azerbaijani: zümrüd

→ Bulgarian: изумруд (izumrud)

→ Catalan: maragda f, esmaragda f

zh-l

祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)

→ Chinese: 祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)

→ Czech: smaragd m

→ Danish: smaragd

→ Dutch: smaragd m

→ English: emerald

→ Esperanto: smeraldo

→ Estonian: smaragd

→ Finnish: smaragdi

→ French: émeraude f

→ German: Smaragd m

Greek: σμαράγδι n (smarágdi)

→ Hebrew: אזמרגד (izmaragd)

→ Hungarian: smaragd

→ Icelandic: smaragður m

→ Indonesian: zamrud

→ Interlingua: esmeraldo

→ Italian: smeraldo

→ Japanese: エメラルド (emerarudo)

→ Korean: 에메랄드 (emeraldeu)

desc

→ Latin: smaragdus m, smaraudus m, esmeraldus m, esmeralda f

→ Lithuanian: smaragdas m

→ Macedonian: смарагд m (smaragd)

→ Persian: زمرد (zomorrod)

→ Polish: szmaragd m

→ Portuguese: esmeralda f

→ Romanian: smarald n, smarand n, smaragd n

→ Russian: изумруд m (izumrud)

→ Sicilian: smaraudu m,

→ Spanish: esmeralda f

→ Swahili: zumaridi

→ Swedish: smaragd c

→ Thai: มรกต (mɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Turkish: zümrüt

Borrowed from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (baréket, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (/baraqu/, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق (barq, “lightning, flashing, shining, dazzling”) and loanwords of Semitic origin such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata), Persian زمرد (zomorrod) and Old Armenian զմրուխտ (zmruxt).


σάπφειρος

grc-noun

σάπφειρος • (sáppheiros) f (genitive σαπφείρου); second declension

sáppheiros (romanization)
σαπφείρου (genitive)
ἡ σάπφειρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σαπφείρω (dual nominative)
αἱ σάπφειροι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαπφείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαπφείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαπφείρων (genitive plural)
τῇ σαπφείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαπφείροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαπφείροις (dative plural)
τὴν σάπφειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σαπφείρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαπφείρους (accusative plural)
σάπφειρε (singular vocative)
σαπφείρω (dual vocative)
σάπφειροι (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: saffier

→ Aragonese: zafir

→ Azerbaijani: sapfir

→ Basque: zafiro

→ Belarusian: сапфір (sapfir)

→ Bulgarian: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Catalan: safir

→ Chichewa: safiro

→ Czech: safír

→ Danish: safir

→ Dutch: saffier

→ English: sapphire

→ Esperanto: safiro

→ Estonian: safiir

→ Fijian: safairi

→ Finnish: safiiri

→ German: Saphir

→ Hausa: saffir

→ Hawaiian: sapeira

→ Hungarian: zafír

→ Icelandic: safír

→ Ido: safiro

→ Indonesian: safir

→ Irish: saifír

→ Japanese: サファイア (safaia)

→ Javanese: safir

→ Kazakh: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Korean: 사파이어 (sapaieo)

desctree

→ Latin: sapphirus, sappīrus (Classical Latin), sapphir, sappir
French: saphir
→ Romanian: safir n
→ Turkish: safir
Italian: zaffiro
→ Greek: ζαφείρι (zafeíri)
Spanish: zafiro

→ Latvian: safīrs

→ Lithuanian: safyras

→ Malagasy: safira

→ Maori: hapaira

→ Maltese: żaffir

→ Middle English: safir

→ Norwegian Bokmål: safir

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: safir

→ Old Georgian: საფირონი (sapironi), საპფირონი (saṗpironi)
Georgian: საფირონი (sapironi)

→ Polish: szafir

→ Portuguese: safira f

→ Russian: сапфи́р (sapfír)

→ Rwanda-Rundi: safiro

→ Samoan: safaira

→ Shona: safiri

→ Slovak: zafír

→ Slovene: safir

→ Somali: safayr

→ Sotho: safire|

→ Sundanese: sapir

→ Swedish: safir

→ Tahitian: safaia

→ Tajik: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Tongan: safaili

→ Ukrainian: сапфір (sapfir)

→ Uzbek: sapfir

→ Vietnamese: xa-phia

→ Welsh: saffir

→ West Frisian: saffier

→ Xhosa: isafire

→ Yakut: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Zulu: isafire

From a West Semitic language such as Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappîr), originally from Assyrian Akkadian šipirtu (“lapis lazuli”).


ὑάκινθος

grc-noun

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος • (hŭắkinthos) m (genitive ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου); second declension

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος (canonical)
hŭắkinthos (romanization)
ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου (genitive)
ὁ ὑάκινθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑάκινθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑακίνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑακίνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑακίνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑακίνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὑάκινθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑακίνθους (accusative plural)
ὑάκινθε (singular vocative)
ὑακίνθω (dual vocative)
ὑάκινθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: υάκινθος (yákinthos)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܩܘܢܕܐ (yāqūndāʾ, yaqqūndāʾ), ܝܘܩܢܛܐ (yūqanṭāʾ, “jacinth”)

יָקִינְתּוֹן

→ Hebrew: יָקִינְתּוֹן (yakintón)

desctree

→ Latin: hyacinthus
→ Catalan: jacint
→ English: hyacinth
→ French: hyacinthe
→ German: Hyazinthe
→ Russian: гиаци́нт (giacínt)
→ Old French: jacinte
French: jacinthe
→ Middle English: jacynct, jacinct, jacinctus, jacinkte, jacint, jacyncte, jacyngh, jacynt, jasynkt
English: jacinth
Scots: jacinct (obsolete)
→ Middle High German: jāchant
→ Polish: jachant
→ Old East Slavic: ꙗхонт (jaxont)
Russian: я́хонт (jáxont)
Ukrainian: я́хонт (jáxont)
→ Hungarian: jácint
→ Italian: giacinto
→ Spanish: jacinto
→ Serbo-Croatian: hijàcint / хија̀цинт
→ Swedish: hyacint
→ Finnish: hyasintti

desc

→ Middle Persian: yʾknd (yākand, “ruby”)

Persian: یاکند (yâkand)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ), յակինթոս (yakintʻos), յակունդ (yakund), յակինդ (yakind), յաթինկոս (yatʻinkos) — misspelling
Middle Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ)
→ Armenian: հակինթ (hakintʻ)
→ Georgian: იაკინთი (iaḳinti)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: акинтъ (akintŭ), акунтъ (akuntŭ), ꙗкинфъ (jakinfŭ)

→ Parthian:

Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫇𐫗𐫅 (yʾkwnd /yākund/)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (yγwth /yaγūt/, “ruby”)

desctree

→ Arabic: يَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Afar: yaagút
→ Bengali: ইয়াকুত (iẏakut), এয়াকুত (eẏakut)
→ Swahili: yakuti
→ Northern Kurdish: yaqût
→ Middle Armenian: եաղութ (eaġutʻ)
→ Persian: یاقوت (yâqut)
→ Ottoman Turkish: یاقوت (yakut)
Turkish: yakut
→ Albanian: jakut
→ Romanian: iacut
→ Serbo-Croatian: jàkut /ја̀кут
→ Ubykh: еқуҭ (ekut)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: याक़ूत (yāqūt)
Urdu: یَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Uyghur: ياقۇت (yaqut)
→ Uzbek: yoqut

Of Pre-Greek or other Mediterranean substrate origin and possibly related to Latin vaccinium. Note the Pre-Greek suffix -ινθ- (-inth-).

Scilla bifolia
Wikispecies:Scilla bifolia

Consolida ajacis
Consolida ajacis#Translingual

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual

The larkspur (Consolida ajacis, syn. Delphinium ajacis)

Huákinthos, “dark red, purple”, again see Latin vaccinium

A blue precious stone, perhaps aquamarine


ἴασπις

grc-noun

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς • (ĭ́ăspĭs) f (genitive ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος); third declension

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (canonical)
ĭ́ăspĭs (romanization)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ĭắspĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs ĭắspĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (singular vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (plural vocative)

Latin: iaspis, jaspis (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Armenian: յասպիս (yaspis), յասպի (yaspi)

Georgian: იასპი (iasṗi)

A loanword of unclear source, but possibly Egyptian in origin. Compare Biblical Hebrew יָשְׁפֵה (yāšəfēh, “jasper”), Amarna Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/yašpû/, “name of a stone”) (whence Classical Syriac ܝܫܦܐ (jaʃpɑ(ʔ), “jasper”)). Persian یشپ (yašp) is from the same source.


ἀμέθυστος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος • (ăméthŭstos) f (genitive ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου); second declension

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος (canonical)
ăméthŭstos (romanization)
ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μέθῠστος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μέθῠστον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μέθῠστε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι (plural vocative)

Greek: αμέθυστος (améthystos)

→ Latin: amethystus (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: ამეთჳსტონი (ametwisṭoni), ამეთჳსტოჲ (ametwisṭoy), ამეთჳსოჲ (ametwisoy), ამეთისოჲ (ametisoy)
→ Georgian: ამეთვისტო (ametvisṭo) (learned)

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μέθῠστος (méthŭstos, “drunken”), from μεθῠ́ω (methŭ́ō, “to be drunk on wine”), from μέθῠ (méthŭ, “wine”). Compare to εὐμέθῠστος (euméthŭstos, “easily made drunk”).
The exact semantic development of the "stone" sense is uncertain. Beekes believes that the stone was named after the light color of diluted wine (that is, "non-drunk wine"), while others have proposed that the Greeks believed that the amethyst prevented intoxication.


σαρδόνυξ

grc-noun

σαρδόνυξ • (sardónux) m (genitive σαρδόνῠχος); third declension

sardónux (romanization)
σαρδόνῠχος (genitive)
ὁ σαρδόνῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαρδόνῠχε (dual nominative)
οἱ σαρδόνῠχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαρδόνῠχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαρδονῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαρδονῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ σαρδόνῠχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαρδονῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαρδόνῠξῐ (dative plural)
σαρδόνῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs sardónŭxĭ (dative plural)
toîs sardónŭxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν σαρδόνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σαρδόνῠχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαρδόνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
σαρδόνῠξ (singular vocative)
σαρδόνῠχε (dual vocative)
σαρδόνῠχες (plural vocative)

Latin: sardonyx

Greek: σαρδόνυχας (sardónychas)

362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 216

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 5.46

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, AP 1.116

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 3.7.5

75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 5.5.7

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Apoc. 21.20

200 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 20.4


ξάνθη

ξάνθη • (xánthē) f (genitive ξάνθης); first declension

xánthē (romanization)
ξάνθης (genitive)
ἡ ξάνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ ξάνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξάνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξάνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξάνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξάνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξάνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξάνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν ξάνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ ξάνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξάνθᾱς (accusative plural)
ξάνθη (singular vocative)
ξάνθᾱ (dual vocative)
ξάνθαι (plural vocative)

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Stones 37


διάδοχος

δῐᾰ́δοχος • (dĭắdokhos) m (genitive δῐᾰδόχου); second declension

δῐᾰ́δοχος (canonical)
dĭắdokhos (romanization)
δῐᾰδόχου (genitive)
ὁ δῐᾰ́δοχος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰδόχω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐᾰ́δοχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐᾰδόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰδόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰδόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐᾰδόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰδόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐᾰδόχοις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐᾰ́δοχον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰδόχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐᾰδόχους (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́δοχε (singular vocative)
δῐᾰδόχω (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́δοχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάδοχος (diádochos)

→ Latin: diadochos

From διαδέχομαι (diadékhomai, “to succeed”) + -ος (-os).


πυρήν

grc-noun

πῡρήν • (pūrḗn) m (genitive πῡρῆνος); third declension

πῡρήν (canonical)
pūrḗn (romanization)
πῡρῆνος (genitive)
ὁ πῡρήν (nominative singular)
τὼ πῡρῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῡρῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῡρῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῡρήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῡρήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῡρῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῡρήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῡρῆσῐ (dative plural)
πῡρῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pūrêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pūrêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πῡρῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῡρῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῡρῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
πῡρήν (singular vocative)
πῡρῆνε (dual vocative)
πῡρῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: πυρήνας (pyrínas)

→ English: pyrena


χρυσόλιθος

χρῡσόλιθος • (khrūsólithos) m (genitive χρῡσολίθου); second declension

χρῡσόλιθος (canonical)
khrūsólithos (romanization)
χρῡσολίθου (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσόλιθος (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσόλιθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσολίθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσολίθων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσολίθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσολίθοις (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόλιθον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσολίθους (accusative plural)
χρῡσόλιθε (singular vocative)
χρῡσολίθω (dual vocative)
χρῡσόλιθοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chrysolithus

desc

→ Old Armenian: ոսկեքար (oskekʻar) (calque)

→ Old Georgian: ოქროქვაჲ (okrokvay) (calque)

From χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


δροσόλιθος

grc-noun

δροσόλῐθος • (drosólĭthos) m (genitive δροσολῐ́θου); second declension

δροσόλῐθος (canonical)
drosólĭthos (romanization)
δροσολῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ δροσόλῐθος (nominative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ δροσόλῐθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δροσολῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δροσολῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ δροσολῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δροσολῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν δροσόλῐθον (accusative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δροσολῐ́θους (accusative plural)
δροσόλῐθε (singular vocative)
δροσολῐ́θω (dual vocative)
δροσόλῐθοι (plural vocative)

Latin: drosolithus

From δρόσος (drósos, “dew”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


βατραχίτης

grc-noun

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της • (bătrăkhī́tēs) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του); first declension

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (canonical)
bătrăkhī́tēs (romanization)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰτρᾰχῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτρᾰχῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰτρᾰχῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: batrachītēs

From βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


ἡλιοτρόπιον

grc-noun

ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον • (hēlĭotrópĭon) n (genitive ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου); second declension

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (canonical)
hēlĭotrópĭon (romanization)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (singular vocative)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ηλιοτρόπιο (iliotrópio)

→ Latin: hēliotropium

→ Translingual: Heliotropium

From ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + τρέπω (trépō, “to turn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


λευκόφθαλμος

grc-noun

λευκόφθᾰλμος

λευκοφθᾰ́λμου

λευκόφθᾰλμος • (leukóphthălmos) f (genitive λευκοφθᾰ́λμου); second declension

λευκόφθᾰλμος (canonical)
leukóphthălmos (romanization)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόφθᾰλμος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόφθᾰλμοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοφθᾰ́λμων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοφθᾰ́λμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοφθᾰ́λμοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόφθᾰλμον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοφθᾰ́λμους (accusative plural)
λευκόφθᾰλμε (singular vocative)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual vocative)
λευκόφθᾰλμοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λευκόφθᾰλμος

→ Latin: leucophthalmos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


μυρσινίτης

grc-noun

μῠρσῐνῑ́της • (mŭrsĭnī́tēs) m (genitive μῠρσῐνῑ́του); first declension

μῠρσῐνῑ́της (canonical)
mŭrsĭnī́tēs (romanization)
μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ μῠρσῐνῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠρσῐνῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρσῐνῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠρσῐνῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠρσῐνῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠρσῐνῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠρσῐνῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠρσῐνῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myrsinītēs

From μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


λυχνίς

grc-noun

λῠχνῐ́ς • (lŭkhnĭ́s) f (genitive λῠχνῐ́δος); third declension

λῠχνῐ́ς (canonical)
lŭkhnĭ́s (romanization)
λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λῠχνῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠχνῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠχνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠχνῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠχνῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λῠχνῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lŭkhnĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs lŭkhnĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λῠχνῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠχνῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λῠχνῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lychnis

→ Translingual: Lychnis

From λύχνος (lúkhnos, “lamp”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).

Silene coronaria
Silene coronaria#Translingual

Lychnis coronaria
Lychnis coronaria#Translingual

rose campion (Silene coronaria, syn. Lychnis coronaria)


χαλκόφωνος

χᾰλκόφωνος • (khălkóphōnos) f (genitive χᾰλκοφώνου); second declension

χᾰλκόφωνος (canonical)
khălkóphōnos (romanization)
χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκόφωνος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκόφωνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκοφώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκοφώνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκοφώνοις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκόφωνον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκοφώνους (accusative plural)
χᾰλκόφωνε (singular vocative)
χᾰλκοφώνω (dual vocative)
χᾰλκόφωνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chalcophōnos

From χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


ὀπάλλιος

grc-noun

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος • (opắllĭos) m (genitive ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου); second declension

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (canonical)
opắllĭos (romanization)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπᾰλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπᾰλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀπᾰ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀπᾰλλῐ́ους (accusative plural)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐε (singular vocative)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: opalus

According to Ernout and Meillet (endorsed by Beekes), a loanword, likely borrowed from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), possibly a variant of उपर (upara, “lower”), from उप (upa, “below, under, down”).


λυγγούριον

grc-noun

λῠγγούρῐον • (lŭngoúrĭon) n (genitive λῠγγουρῐ́ου); second declension

λῠγγούρῐον (canonical)
lŭngoúrĭon (romanization)
λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠγγουρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠγγουρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠγγουρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠγγούρῐον (singular vocative)
λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λῠγγούρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ლჳგჳრიონი (lwigwirioni), ლიგჳრიონი (ligwirioni)

Traditionally derived from λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”) + οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), as the stone was thought to be the urine of the lynx. However, the presence of the word λογούριον (logoúrion, “glass”) rather shows that this is a Pre-Greek word.


γλωσσοπέτρα

grc-noun

γλωσσοπέτρᾱς

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ • (glōssopétrā) f (genitive γλωσσοπέτρᾱς); first declension

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (canonical)
glōssopétrā (romanization)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλωσσοπέτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσοπετρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλωσσοπέτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλωσσοπέτραις (dative plural)
τὴν γλωσσοπέτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (accusative plural)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (singular vocative)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual vocative)
γλωσσοπέτραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: glōssopetra

From γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”) + πέτρᾱ (pétrā, “stone”).

compound

kind of precious stone resembling a human tongue


σάρδιον

grc-noun

σᾰ́ρδῐον • (sắrdĭon) n (genitive σᾰρδῐ́ου); second declension

σᾰ́ρδῐον (canonical)
sắrdĭon (romanization)
σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰρδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰρδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρδῐον (singular vocative)
σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: սարդիոն (sardion)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)
Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)

Probably from Σάρδεις (Sárdeis, “Sardis”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because it was its place of origin.

af

(mineralogy) sardine, carnelian, used also as a seal


σαυρίτης

grc-noun

σαυρῑ́της • (saurī́tēs) m (genitive σαυρῑ́του); first declension

σαυρῑ́της (canonical)
saurī́tēs (romanization)
σαυρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σαυρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σαυρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαυρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σαυρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαυρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σαυρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαυρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σαυρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σαυρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: saurītēs

From σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).


τόπαζος

grc-noun

τόπᾰζος • (tópăzos) m (genitive τοπᾰ́ζου); second declension

τόπᾰζος (canonical)
tópăzos (romanization)
τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive)
ὁ τόπᾰζος (nominative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόπᾰζοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοπᾰ́ζων (genitive plural)
τῷ τοπᾰ́ζῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τοπᾰ́ζοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόπᾰζον (accusative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τοπᾰ́ζους (accusative plural)
τόπᾰζε (singular vocative)
τοπᾰ́ζω (dual vocative)
τόπᾰζοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: topazius (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: топаз (topaz)

desctree

→ Russian: топа́з (topáz)
→ Kazakh: топаз (topaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian: topaz

A loanword which, according to Pliny, was taken from the language of the Troglodytes, and named after an island of the same name in the Red Sea. However, according to Furnée, the existence of the gloss ταβάσιος (tabásios, “kind of stone”) proves a Pre-Greek origin of the word. Also compare Sanskrit तपस् (tapas, “fire, heat”).

gem of green hue, probably chrysolite or peridot


ὑδατίς

grc-noun

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς • (hudătĭ́s) f (genitive ὑδᾰτῐ́δος); third declension

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (canonical)
hudătĭ́s (romanization)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδᾰτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs hudătĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs hudătĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: hydatid

From ὕδατος (húdatos, “water”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).