ἄνθραξ

grc-noun

ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension

ánthrax (romanization)
ἄνθρακος (genitive)
ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxi (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxin (dative plural)
τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Czech: anthrax

desc

→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene

→ French: anthrax

→ German: Anthrax

→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)

→ Dutch: antrax

→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс

→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus

→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)

Quite uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "prim[itive] word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).


ὄνυξ

grc-noun

ὄνῠξ • (ónux) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

ὄνῠξ (canonical)
ónux (romanization)
ὄνῠχος (genitive)
ὁ ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ónuxi (dative plural)
toîs ónuxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)
ὄνῠξ (nominative singular)
ὄνῠχε (dual nominative)
ὄνῠχες (nominative plural)
ὄνῠχος (genitive singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dual genitive)
ὀνῠ́χων (genitive plural)
ὄνῠχῐ (dative singular)
ὀνῠ́χοιῐν (dative dual)
ὄνῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄνῠξῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνῠ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
ónuxi (dative plural)
ónuxin (dative plural)
onúkhessi (dative plural)
onúkhessin (dative plural)
onúkhesi (dative plural)
onúkhesin (dative plural)
ὄνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
ὄνῠχε (accusative dual)
ὄνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄνῠχε (dual vocative)
ὄνῠχες (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: νύχιν (núkhin) (from diminutive ὀνύχιον)

Greek: νύχι (nýchi)

Mariupol Greek: ныш (nyš), ниш (niš)

→ Latin: onyx

Old French: oniche, onix

French: onyx

→ Dutch: onyx

→ Romanian: onix

desctree

→ Middle English: oniche, oneche, onix, onis, onyx, onys
English: onyx
Scots: onix

→ Russian: о́никс (óniks)
→ Kazakh: оникс (oniks)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”). Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish inga, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).
The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.

anything which resembles a claw or nail
onyx (gem)


ἄκμων

grc-noun

ἄκμων • (ákmōn) m (genitive ἄκμονος); third declension

ákmōn (romanization)
ἄκμονος (genitive)
ὁ ἄκμων (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄκμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄκμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄκμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄκμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄκμοσῐ (dative plural)
ἄκμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ákmosi (dative plural)
toîs ákmosin (dative plural)
τὸν ἄκμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄκμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄκμονᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄκμον (singular vocative)
ἄκμονε (dual vocative)
ἄκμονες (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ αμόνι (amóni)

Greek: άκμων (ákmon), άκμονας (ákmonas), ⇒ αμόνι (amóni) (from the diminutive)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman), Avestan 𐬀𐬐𐬨𐬀𐬥 (akman), Lithuanian akmuo, and English hammer.


ἤλεκτρον

grc-noun

ἤλεκτρον • (ḗlektron) n (genitive ἠλέκτρου); second declension

ḗlektron (romanization)
ἠλέκτρου (genitive)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠλέκτρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠλέκτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠλέκτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠλέκτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠλέκτροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἤλεκτρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠλέκτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤλεκτρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἤλεκτρον (singular vocative)
ἠλέκτρω (dual vocative)
ἤλεκτρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: electro-

→ French: électro-

Greek: ήλεκτρο (ílektro)

→ Latin: electrum

→ Russian: электрон (elektron)

Related to Ancient Greek ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining, brilliant; byname of the Sun”), with further origin unknown. Possible, though doubtful, connections include Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”) and/or Latin Vulcānus (“god of fire and metalworking”), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”), or Pre-Greek.


βήρυλλος

grc-noun

βήρυλλος • (bḗrullos) f (genitive βηρύλλου); second declension

bḗrullos (romanization)
βηρύλλου (genitive)
ὁ βήρυλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (dual nominative)
οἱ βήρυλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βηρύλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηρύλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ βηρύλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηρύλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βηρύλλοις (dative plural)
τὸν βήρυλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βηρύλλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βηρύλλους (accusative plural)
βήρυλλε (singular vocative)
βηρύλλω (dual vocative)
βήρυλλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βήρυλλος (víryllos)

→ Amharic: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: բիւրեղ (biwreł)
Armenian: բյուրեղ (byureł)

→ Old Georgian: ბჳრილიონი (bwirilioni)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ብርሌ (bərəlle), ቢረሌ (birälle), ብረሌ (bərälle)

→ Sebat Bet Gurage: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Latin: bēryllus, bērillus, berullus (see there for further descendants)

→ Tigre: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

→ Tigrinya: ብርሌ (bərəlle)

Borrowed from Middle Indic forms like Pali veḷuriya or Prakrit 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀅 (verulia), from Dravidian, probably named after Velur (modern day Belur) in southern India.
The variants βηρύλλιον (bērúllion) and βηρύλλιος (bērúllios) reflect the source veruḷiya more faithfully than βήρυλλος (bḗrullos).


ἀδάμας

grc-noun

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς • (adámās) m (genitive ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος); third declension

ἀδᾰ́μᾱς (canonical)
adámās (romanization)
ἀδᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δᾰμᾰ́ντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾱσῐν (dative plural)
toîs adámāsi (dative plural)
toîs adámāsin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰν (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δᾰ́μᾰντες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: adamās
→ Albanian: adham
→ English: adamant, diamond (via Old French)
→ Irish: adhmaint
Istriot: giamanto
Italian: adamante
Portuguese: adamante, diamante, ímã
Sicilian: damanti, diamanti
Spanish: adamante, diamante, imán
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *adimas, *adimantem, *diamas, *diamantem
Catalan: imant, diamant (via French)
Old French: aimant, diamant
French: aimant, diamant (see there for further descendants)
Italian: diamante

→ Old Armenian: ադամանդ (adamand)

→ Old Georgian: ანდამატიაჲ (andamaṭiay), ადამანტი (adamanṭi), ადამატი (adamaṭi), ადამაჲ (adamay)
Georgian: ანდამატი (andamaṭi)

Often derived from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + δαμνάω (damnáō, “conquer”), as “indomitable”, but Beekes remarks that semantically this is strange and the word is rather a Semitic borrowing that was adapted by folk etymology; compare Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (adamu) or 𒋤𒉘 (elmēšu [SUD.ÁG], “a valuable stone, perhaps amber”). Middle Persian ʾlmʾs (almās) is probably from the same source.

adamant, the hardest metal (probably steel)


γύψος

grc-noun

γύψος • (gúpsos) f (genitive γύψου); second declension

gúpsos (romanization)
γύψου (genitive)
ἡ γῠ́ψος (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (dual nominative)
αἱ γῠ́ψοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γῠ́ψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠ́ψων (genitive plural)
τῇ γῠ́ψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠ́ψοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γῠ́ψοις (dative plural)
τὴν γῠ́ψον (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠ́ψω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γῠ́ψους (accusative plural)
γῠ́ψε (singular vocative)
γῠ́ψω (dual vocative)
γῠ́ψοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: جِبْس (jibs)

→ Greek: γύψος (gýpsos)

→ Latin: gypsum (see there for further descendants)


λευκόχρυσος

λευκοχρῡ́σου

λευκόχρῡσος • (leukókhrūsos) f (genitive λευκοχρῡ́σου); second declension

λευκόχρῡσος (canonical)
leukókhrūsos (romanization)
λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόχρῡσος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόχρῡσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοχρῡ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοχρῡ́σων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοχρῡ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοχρῡ́σοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοχρῡ́σοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόχρῡσον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοχρῡ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοχρῡ́σους (accusative plural)
λευκόχρῡσε (singular vocative)
λευκοχρῡ́σω (dual vocative)
λευκόχρῡσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λευκόχρυσος (lefkóchrysos)

→ Latin: leucochrȳsos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”).


σμάραγδος

grc-noun

σμᾰ́ραγδος • (smáragdos) f (genitive σμᾰράγδου); second declension

σμᾰ́ραγδος (canonical)
smáragdos (romanization)
σμᾰράγδου (genitive)
ἡ σμᾰ́ραγδος (nominative singular)
τὼ σμᾰράγδω (dual nominative)
αἱ σμᾰ́ραγδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς σμᾰράγδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμᾰράγδων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμᾰράγδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμᾰράγδοις (dative plural)
τὴν σμᾰ́ραγδον (accusative singular)
τὼ σμᾰράγδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμᾰράγδους (accusative plural)
σμᾰ́ραγδε (singular vocative)
σμᾰράγδω (dual vocative)
σμᾰ́ραγδοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: زُمُرُّد (zumurrud)

→ Azerbaijani: zümrüd

→ Bulgarian: изумруд (izumrud)

→ Catalan: maragda f, esmaragda f

zh-l

祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)

→ Chinese: 祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)

→ Czech: smaragd m

→ Danish: smaragd

→ Dutch: smaragd m

→ English: emerald

→ Esperanto: smeraldo

→ Estonian: smaragd

→ Finnish: smaragdi

→ French: émeraude f

→ German: Smaragd m

Greek: σμαράγδι n (smarágdi)

→ Hebrew: אזמרגד (izmaragd)

→ Hungarian: smaragd

→ Icelandic: smaragður m

→ Indonesian: zamrud

→ Interlingua: esmeraldo

→ Italian: smeraldo

→ Japanese: エメラルド (emerarudo)

→ Korean: 에메랄드 (emeraldeu)

desc

→ Latin: smaragdus m, smaraudus m, esmeraldus m, esmeralda f

→ Lithuanian: smaragdas m

→ Macedonian: смарагд m (smaragd)

→ Persian: زمرد (zomorrod)

→ Polish: szmaragd m

→ Portuguese: esmeralda f

→ Romanian: smarald n, smarand n, smaragd n

→ Russian: изумруд m (izumrud)

→ Sicilian: smaraudu m,

→ Spanish: esmeralda f

→ Swahili: zumaridi

→ Swedish: smaragd c

→ Thai: มรกต (mɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Turkish: zümrüt

Borrowed from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (baréket, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (/baraqu/, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق (barq, “lightning, flashing, shining, dazzling”) and loanwords of Semitic origin such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata), Persian زمرد (zomorrod) and Old Armenian զմրուխտ (zmruxt).


σάπφειρος

grc-noun

σάπφειρος • (sáppheiros) f (genitive σαπφείρου); second declension

sáppheiros (romanization)
σαπφείρου (genitive)
ἡ σάπφειρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σαπφείρω (dual nominative)
αἱ σάπφειροι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαπφείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαπφείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαπφείρων (genitive plural)
τῇ σαπφείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαπφείροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαπφείροις (dative plural)
τὴν σάπφειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σαπφείρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαπφείρους (accusative plural)
σάπφειρε (singular vocative)
σαπφείρω (dual vocative)
σάπφειροι (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: saffier

→ Aragonese: zafir

→ Azerbaijani: sapfir

→ Basque: zafiro

→ Belarusian: сапфір (sapfir)

→ Bulgarian: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Catalan: safir

→ Chichewa: safiro

→ Czech: safír

→ Danish: safir

→ Dutch: saffier

→ English: sapphire

→ Esperanto: safiro

→ Estonian: safiir

→ Fijian: safairi

→ Finnish: safiiri

→ German: Saphir

→ Hausa: saffir

→ Hawaiian: sapeira

→ Hungarian: zafír

→ Icelandic: safír

→ Ido: safiro

→ Indonesian: safir

→ Irish: saifír

→ Japanese: サファイア (safaia)

→ Javanese: safir

→ Kazakh: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Korean: 사파이어 (sapaieo)

desctree

→ Latin: sapphirus, sappīrus (Classical Latin), sapphir, sappir
French: saphir
→ Romanian: safir n
→ Turkish: safir
Italian: zaffiro
→ Greek: ζαφείρι (zafeíri)
Spanish: zafiro

→ Latvian: safīrs

→ Lithuanian: safyras

→ Malagasy: safira

→ Maori: hapaira

→ Maltese: żaffir

→ Middle English: safir

→ Norwegian Bokmål: safir

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: safir

→ Old Georgian: საფირონი (sapironi), საპფირონი (saṗpironi)
Georgian: საფირონი (sapironi)

→ Polish: szafir

→ Portuguese: safira f

→ Russian: сапфи́р (sapfír)

→ Rwanda-Rundi: safiro

→ Samoan: safaira

→ Shona: safiri

→ Slovak: zafír

→ Slovene: safir

→ Somali: safayr

→ Sotho: safire|

→ Sundanese: sapir

→ Swedish: safir

→ Tahitian: safaia

→ Tajik: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Tongan: safaili

→ Ukrainian: сапфір (sapfir)

→ Uzbek: sapfir

→ Vietnamese: xa-phia

→ Welsh: saffir

→ West Frisian: saffier

→ Xhosa: isafire

→ Yakut: сапфир (sapfir)

→ Zulu: isafire

From Semitic; compare Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappîr).


μαγνησία

grc-noun

μαγνησίᾱ • (magnēsíā) f (genitive μαγνησίᾱς); first declension

μαγνησίᾱ (canonical)
magnēsíā (romanization)
μαγνησίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μαγνησίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς μαγνησίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ μαγνησίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν μαγνησίᾱν (accusative singular)
μαγνησίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: μαγνησία (magnisía)

desc

مَغْنِيسِيَا

→ Arabic: مَغْنِيسِيَا (maḡnīsiyā)

→ Arabic: مَغْنِيسِيَا (maḡnīsiyā)

→ Medieval Latin: magnēsia

→ English: magnesia

→ French: magnésie (learned)

→ Italian: magnesia (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: magnesia

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: magnesia

→ Portuguese: magnésia (learned)

→ Spanish: magnesia (learned)

desctree

⇒ Italian: manganese
→ French: manganèse
→ English: manganese, manganesium, manganesum (obsolete)
→ Welsh: manganîs

⇒ New Latin: magnēsium (see there for further descendants)

Clipping of Μαγνησίᾱ λίθος (Magnēsíā líthos, literally “Magnesian stone”).

clipping

Μαγνησίᾱ λίθος

name of several ores and metallic amalgams


ὑάκινθος

grc-noun

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος • (huákinthos) m (genitive ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου); second declension

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος (canonical)
huákinthos (romanization)
ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου (genitive)
ὁ ὑάκινθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑάκινθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑακίνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑακίνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑακίνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑακίνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὑάκινθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑακίνθους (accusative plural)
ὑάκινθε (singular vocative)
ὑακίνθω (dual vocative)
ὑάκινθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: υάκινθος (yákinthos)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܩܘܢܕܐ (yāqūndāʾ, yaqqūndāʾ), ܝܘܩܢܛܐ (yūqanṭāʾ, “jacinth”)

יָקִינְתּוֹן

→ Hebrew: יָקִינְתּוֹן (yakintón)

desctree

→ Latin: hyacinthus
→ Catalan: jacint
→ English: hyacinth
→ French: hyacinthe
→ German: Hyazinthe
→ Russian: гиаци́нт (giacínt)
→ Old French: jacinte
French: jacinthe
→ Middle English: jacynct, jacinct, jacinctus, jacinkte, jacint, jacyncte, jacyngh, jacynt, jasynkt
English: jacinth
Scots: jacinct (obsolete)
→ Middle High German: jāchant
→ Polish: jachant
→ Old East Slavic: ꙗхонт (jaxont)
Russian: я́хонт (jáxont)
Ukrainian: я́хонт (jáxont)
→ Hungarian: jácint
→ Italian: giacinto
→ Spanish: jacinto
→ Serbo-Croatian: hijàcint / хија̀цинт
→ Swedish: hyacint
→ Finnish: hyasintti

desc

→ Middle Persian: yʾknd (yākand, “ruby”)

Persian: یاکند (yâkand)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ), յակինթոս (yakintʻos), յակունդ (yakund), յակինդ (yakind), յաթինկոս (yatʻinkos) — misspelling
Middle Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ)
→ Armenian: հակինթ (hakintʻ)
→ Georgian: იაკინთი (iaḳinti)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: акинтъ (akintŭ), акунтъ (akuntŭ), ꙗкинфъ (jakinfŭ)

→ Parthian:

Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫇𐫗𐫅 (yʾkwnd /yākund/)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (yγwth /yaγūt/, “ruby”)

desctree

→ Arabic: يَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Afar: yaagút
→ Bengali: ইয়াকুত (iẏakut), এয়াকুত (eẏakut)
→ Swahili: yakuti
→ Northern Kurdish: yaqût
→ Middle Armenian: եաղութ (eaġutʻ)
→ Persian: یاقوت (yâqut)
→ Ottoman Turkish: یاقوت (yakut)
Turkish: yakut
→ Albanian: jakut
→ Romanian: iacut
→ Serbo-Croatian: jàkut／ја̀кут
→ Ubykh: еқуҭ (ekut)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: याक़ूत (yāqūt)
Urdu: یَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Uyghur: ياقۇت (yaqut)
→ Uzbek: yoqut

Of Pre-Greek or other Mediterranean substrate origin and possibly related to Latin vaccinium. Note the Pre-Greek suffix -ινθ- (-inth-).

Scilla bifolia
Wikispecies:Scilla bifolia

Consolida ajacis
Consolida ajacis#Translingual

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual

The larkspur (Consolida ajacis, syn. Delphinium ajacis)

Huákinthos, “dark red, purple”, again see Latin vaccinium

A blue precious stone, perhaps aquamarine


ἴασπις

grc-noun

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς • (íaspis) f (genitive ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος); third declension

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (canonical)
íaspis (romanization)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs iáspisi (dative plural)
taîs iáspisin (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (singular vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (plural vocative)

Latin: iaspis, jaspis (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Armenian: յասպիս (yaspis), յասպի (yaspi)

Georgian: იასპი (iasṗi)

A loanword of unclear source, but possibly Egyptian in origin. Compare Biblical Hebrew יָשְׁפֵה (yāšəfēh, “jasper”), Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/yašpû/, “name of a stone”) (whence Classical Syriac ܝܫܦܐ (jaʃpɑ(ʔ), “jasper”)). Persian یشپ (yašp) is from the same source.


ἀμέθυστος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος • (améthustos) f (genitive ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου); second declension

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος (canonical)
améthustos (romanization)
ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μέθῠστος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μέθῠστον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μέθῠστε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι (plural vocative)

Greek: αμέθυστος (améthystos)

→ Latin: amethystus (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: ამეთჳსტონი (ametwisṭoni), ამეთჳსტოჲ (ametwisṭoy), ამეთჳსოჲ (ametwisoy), ამეთისოჲ (ametisoy)
→ Georgian: ამეთვისტო (ametvisṭo) (learned)

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μέθῠστος (méthustos, “drunken”), from μεθῠ́ω (methúō, “to be drunk on wine”), from μέθῠ (méthu, “wine”). Compare to εὐμέθῠστος (euméthustos, “easily made drunk”).


σαρδόνυξ

grc-noun

σαρδόνυξ • (sardónux) m (genitive σαρδόνῠχος); third declension

sardónux (romanization)
σαρδόνῠχος (genitive)
ὁ σαρδόνῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαρδόνῠχε (dual nominative)
οἱ σαρδόνῠχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαρδόνῠχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαρδονῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαρδονῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ σαρδόνῠχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαρδονῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαρδόνῠξῐ (dative plural)
σαρδόνῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs sardónuxi (dative plural)
toîs sardónuxin (dative plural)
τὸν σαρδόνῠχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σαρδόνῠχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαρδόνῠχᾰς (accusative plural)
σαρδόνῠξ (singular vocative)
σαρδόνῠχε (dual vocative)
σαρδόνῠχες (plural vocative)

Latin: sardonyx

Greek: σαρδόνυχας (sardónychas)

362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 216

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 5.46

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, AP 1.116

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 3.7.5

75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 5.5.7

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Apoc. 21.20

200 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 20.4


καδμεία

κᾰδμείᾱ • (kadmeíā) f (genitive κᾰδμείᾱς); first declension

κᾰδμείᾱ (canonical)
kadmeíā (romanization)
κᾰδμείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰδμείᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰδμείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰδμεῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰδμείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰδμείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰδμειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰδμείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰδμείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰδμείαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰδμείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰδμείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰδμείᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰδμείᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰδμείᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰδμεῖαι (plural vocative)

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.74

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 1.413

PTeb., 273 14

Alternative letter-case form of Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kadmeíā), calamine.


ξάνθη

ξάνθη • (xánthē) f (genitive ξάνθης); first declension

xánthē (romanization)
ξάνθης (genitive)
ἡ ξάνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ ξάνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ξάνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ξάνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξάνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ξάνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξάνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξάνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν ξάνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ ξάνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξάνθᾱς (accusative plural)
ξάνθη (singular vocative)
ξάνθᾱ (dual vocative)
ξάνθαι (plural vocative)

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Stones 37


κύανος

κῠ́ᾰνος • (kúanos) m (genitive κῠᾰ́νου); second declension

κῠ́ᾰνος (canonical)
kúanos (romanization)
κῠᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́ᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́ᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́ᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠ́ᾰνε (singular vocative)
κῠᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠ́ᾰνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυανός (kyanós)

→ Dutch: cyaan

→ English: cyan, cyano-

→ French: cyan

→ German: Zyan

→ Italian: ciano

→ Latin: cȳanos, cȳanus
Spanish: aciano

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیانوس (kiyānus)

> Turkish: kiyanus (inherited)

→ Swedish: cyan

According to Beekes, probably from Hittite [script needed] (kuwannan-, “precious stone, copper, blue”), of unknown origin, possibly Sumerian 𒆬𒆪 (ku₃-an /kù.an/).


διάδοχος

grc-noun

δῐᾰ́δοχος • (diádokhos) m (genitive δῐᾰδόχου); second declension

δῐᾰ́δοχος (canonical)
diádokhos (romanization)
δῐᾰδόχου (genitive)
ὁ δῐᾰ́δοχος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰδόχω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐᾰ́δοχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐᾰδόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰδόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐᾰδόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐᾰδόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐᾰδόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐᾰδόχοις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐᾰ́δοχον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐᾰδόχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐᾰδόχους (accusative plural)
δῐᾰ́δοχε (singular vocative)
δῐᾰδόχω (dual vocative)
δῐᾰ́δοχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: διάδοχος (diádochos)

→ Latin: diadochos

From διαδέχομαι (diadékhomai, “to succeed”) + -ος (-os).


πυρήν

grc-noun

πῡρήν • (pūrḗn) m (genitive πῡρῆνος); third declension

πῡρήν (canonical)
pūrḗn (romanization)
πῡρῆνος (genitive)
ὁ πῡρήν (nominative singular)
τὼ πῡρῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πῡρῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῡρῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῡρήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῡρήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῡρῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῡρήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῡρῆσῐ (dative plural)
πῡρῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pūrêsi (dative plural)
toîs pūrêsin (dative plural)
τὸν πῡρῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῡρῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῡρῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
πῡρήν (singular vocative)
πῡρῆνε (dual vocative)
πῡρῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: πυρήνας (pyrínas)

→ English: pyrena


κιννάβαρι

κιννάβᾰρῐ • (kinnábari) n (genitive κιννᾰβάρεως); third declension

κιννάβᾰρῐ (canonical)
kinnábari (romanization)
κιννᾰβάρεως (genitive)
τὸ κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (nominative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κιννᾰβᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν κιννᾰβᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kinnabáresi (dative plural)
toîs kinnabáresin (dative plural)
τὸ κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (accusative plural)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (accusative plural)
κιννᾰ́βᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρη (plural vocative)
κιννᾰβᾰ́ρεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cinnabari, cinnabaris (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܝܢܒܪܝܣ, ܩܢܒܪܝܣ, ܩܝܡܒܪܝܣ

According to Beekes, a foreign word, probably of Oriental origin. Compare Arabic زِنْجَفْر (zinjafr), related to Persian شنگرف (šangarf) from Old Persian 𐎿𐎡𐎣𐎲𐎽𐎢𐏁 (s-i-k-b-ru-u-š /siⁿkabruš/, “carnelian”), of unknown origin.


ψάδδα

grc-noun

ψάδδα • (psádda) f (genitive ψάδδης); first declension

psádda (romanization)
ψάδδης (genitive)
ἡ ψᾰ́δδᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς ψᾰ́δδης (genitive singular)
τῇ ψᾰ́δδῃ (dative singular)
τὴν ψᾰ́δδᾰν (accusative singular)
ψᾰ́δδᾰ (singular vocative)

Unknown. Only attested in Hesychius.
Possibly related to ψαθυρός (psathurós, “friable, crumbling”).

ψάδδα· ἡ κινάβαρις

5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Ψ:


ἀχάτης

ᾰ̓χᾱ́της • (akhā́tēs) m (genitive ᾰ̓χᾱ́του); first declension

ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (canonical)
akhā́tēs (romanization)
ᾰ̓χᾱ́του (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓χᾶται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓χᾱ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χᾱτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓χᾱ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓χᾱ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓χᾶτᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓χᾱ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓χᾶται (plural vocative)

Greek: αχάτης (achátis)

→ Latin: achātēs

desctree

→ Old Georgian: აქატჱ (akaṭē)
Georgian: აქატი (akaṭi)

Loaned from a non-Indo-European source, possibly Semitic. The river Ἀχάτης in Sicily is probably named after the mineral.


σανδαράκη

grc-noun

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (sandarákē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (canonical)
sandarákē (romanization)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ

Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Latin: sandaraca

English: sandarac

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /šindu, simṭu, šimtu/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/šindu arqu/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".
Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

unk

unknown


σπίνος

grc-noun

σπῐ́νος • (spínos) m (genitive σπῐ́νου); second declension

σπῐ́νος (canonical)
spínos (romanization)
σπῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σπῐ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπῐ́νοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπῐ́νους (accusative plural)
σπῐ́νε (singular vocative)
σπῐ́νω (dual vocative)
σπῐ́νοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπίνος (spínos)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping- (“small bird, sparrow”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *finkiz (“finch”), Welsh pinc (“finch”) and Sanskrit फिङ्गक (phiṅgaka, “shrike”).

der

Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs#Translingual


χρυσόλιθος

grc-noun

χρῡσόλιθος • (khrūsólithos) m (genitive χρῡσολίθου); second declension

χρῡσόλιθος (canonical)
khrūsólithos (romanization)
χρῡσολίθου (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσόλιθος (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσόλιθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσολίθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσολίθων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσολίθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσολίθοις (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόλιθον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσολίθους (accusative plural)
χρῡσόλιθε (singular vocative)
χρῡσολίθω (dual vocative)
χρῡσόλιθοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chrysolithus

desc

→ Old Armenian: ոսկեքար (oskekʻar) (calque)

→ Old Georgian: ოქროქვაჲ (okrokvay) (calque)

From χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


μίσυ

grc-noun

μίσυ • (mísu) n (genitive μίσῠος or μίσεως); third declension

mísu (romanization)
μίσῠος (genitive)
μίσεως (genitive)
τὸ μῐ́σῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐ́σῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́σῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῐ́σῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐσῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐσῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῐ́σῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐσῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῐ́σῠσῐ (dative plural)
μῐ́σῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mísusi (dative plural)
toîs mísusin (dative plural)
τὸ μῐ́σῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐ́σῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́σῠᾰ (accusative plural)
μῐ́σῠ (singular vocative)
μῐ́σῠε (dual vocative)
μῐ́σῠᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ μῐ́σῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐ́σει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́ση (nominative plural)
μῐ́σεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῐ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῐ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐσέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῐ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
μῐ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mísesi (dative plural)
toîs mísesin (dative plural)
τὸ μῐ́σῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́ση (accusative plural)
μῐ́σεᾰ (accusative plural)
μῐ́σῠ (singular vocative)
μῐ́σει (dual vocative)
μῐ́ση (plural vocative)
μῐ́σεᾰ (plural vocative)

Perhaps an adjective meaning "brilliant" borrowed from an Anatolian language; compare Hittite [script needed] (mišriuant, “brilliant, shining”), from the same root of Sanskrit मिषति (miṣati, “to blink, open the eyes”).


δροσόλιθος

grc-noun

δροσόλῐθος • (drosólithos) m (genitive δροσολῐ́θου); second declension

δροσόλῐθος (canonical)
drosólithos (romanization)
δροσολῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ δροσόλῐθος (nominative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ δροσόλῐθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δροσολῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δροσολῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ δροσολῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δροσολῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν δροσόλῐθον (accusative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δροσολῐ́θους (accusative plural)
δροσόλῐθε (singular vocative)
δροσολῐ́θω (dual vocative)
δροσόλῐθοι (plural vocative)

Latin: drosolithus

From δρόσος (drósos, “dew”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


μολύβδαινα

grc-noun

μολῠ́βδαίνης

μολῠ́βδαινᾰ • (molúbdaina) f (genitive μολῠ́βδαίνης); first declension

μολῠ́βδαινᾰ (canonical)
molúbdaina (romanization)
μολῠ́βδαίνης (genitive)
ἡ μολῠ́βδαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μολῠβδαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μολῠ́βδαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μολῠβδαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μολῠβδαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μολῠβδαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μολῠβδαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μολῠβδαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μολῠβδαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μολῠ́βδαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μολῠβδαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μολῠβδαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μολῠ́βδαινᾰ (singular vocative)
μολῠβδαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μολῠ́βδαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: molybdaena

From μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).


βατραχίτης

grc-noun

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της • (batrakhī́tēs) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του); first declension

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (canonical)
batrakhī́tēs (romanization)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰτρᾰχῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτρᾰχῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰτρᾰχῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: batrachītēs

From βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


ἡλιοτρόπιον

grc-noun

ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον • (hēliotrópion) n (genitive ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου); second declension

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (canonical)
hēliotrópion (romanization)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (singular vocative)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ηλιοτρόπιο (iliotrópio)

→ Latin: hēliotropium

→ Translingual: Heliotropium

From ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + τρέπω (trépō, “to turn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


λιθάργυρος

grc-noun

λῐθᾰ́ργῠρος • (lithárguros) f (genitive λῐθᾰργῠ́ρου); second declension

λῐθᾰ́ργῠρος (canonical)
lithárguros (romanization)
λῐθᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive)
ἡ λῐθᾰ́ργῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐθᾰργῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
αἱ λῐθᾰ́ργῠροι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῐθᾰργῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐθᾰργῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐθᾰργῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῐθᾰργῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐθᾰργῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῐθᾰργῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὴν λῐθᾰ́ργῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐθᾰργῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῐθᾰργῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
λῐθᾰ́ργῠρε (singular vocative)
λῐθᾰργῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
λῐθᾰ́ργῠροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lithargyrus

→ English: litharge

→ French: litharge

From λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”).


ὀστρακῖτις

grc-noun

ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδος

ὀστρᾰκῖτῐς • (ostrakîtis) f (genitive ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδος); third declension

ὀστρᾰκῖτῐς (canonical)
ostrakîtis (romanization)
ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ὀστρᾰκῖτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρᾰκῑτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρᾰκῑτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρᾰκῑτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ostrakī́tisi (dative plural)
taîs ostrakī́tisin (dative plural)
τὴν ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀστρᾰκῖτῐς (singular vocative)
ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀστρᾰκῑ́τῐδος

→ Latin: ostracītis

From ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “earthen vessel”) + -ῖτις (-îtis), feminine form of ὀστρακίτης (ostrakítēs, “earthen, made of clay”).


ψίμυθος

grc-noun

ψῑ́μῠθος • (psī́muthos) m (genitive ψῑμῠ́θου); second declension

ψῑ́μῠθος (canonical)
psī́muthos (romanization)
ψῑμῠ́θου (genitive)
ὁ ψῑ́μῠθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῑμῠ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψῑ́μῠθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψῑμῠ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῑμῠ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῑμῠ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψῑμῠ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῑμῠ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψῑμῠ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν ψῑ́μῠθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῑμῠ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψῑμῠ́θους (accusative plural)
ψῑ́μῠθε (singular vocative)
ψῑμῠ́θω (dual vocative)
ψῑ́μῠθοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the variations prove a Pre-Greek origin.

white lead, especially used as a pigment to whiten the skin


λευκόφθαλμος

λευκόφθᾰλμος

λευκοφθᾰ́λμου

λευκόφθᾰλμος • (leukóphthalmos) f (genitive λευκοφθᾰ́λμου); second declension

λευκόφθᾰλμος (canonical)
leukóphthalmos (romanization)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόφθᾰλμος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόφθᾰλμοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοφθᾰ́λμων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοφθᾰ́λμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοφθᾰ́λμοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόφθᾰλμον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοφθᾰ́λμους (accusative plural)
λευκόφθᾰλμε (singular vocative)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual vocative)
λευκόφθᾰλμοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λευκόφθᾰλμος

→ Latin: leucophthalmos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


μίνιον

grc-noun

μῐ́νῐον • (mínion) n (genitive μῐνῐ́ου); second declension

μῐ́νῐον (canonical)
mínion (romanization)
μῐνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ μῐ́νῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ μῐνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́νῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῐνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῐνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῐνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῐνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῐνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῐνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ μῐ́νῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῐνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῐ́νῐᾰ (accusative plural)
μῐ́νῐον (singular vocative)
μῐνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
μῐ́νῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From Latin minium, itself from Iberian substrate.


μυρσινίτης

μῠρσῐνῑ́της • (mursinī́tēs) m (genitive μῠρσῐνῑ́του); first declension

μῠρσῐνῑ́της (canonical)
mursinī́tēs (romanization)
μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ μῠρσῐνῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠρσῐνῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρσῐνῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠρσῐνῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠρσῐνῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠρσῐνῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠρσῐνῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠρσῐνῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myrsinītēs

From μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


λυχνίς

grc-noun

λῠχνῐ́ς • (lukhnís) f (genitive λῠχνῐ́δος); third declension

λῠχνῐ́ς (canonical)
lukhnís (romanization)
λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λῠχνῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠχνῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠχνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠχνῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠχνῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λῠχνῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lukhnísi (dative plural)
taîs lukhnísin (dative plural)
τὴν λῠχνῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠχνῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λῠχνῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lychnis

→ Translingual: Lychnis

From λύχνος (lúkhnos, “lamp”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

Silene coronaria
Silene coronaria#Translingual

Lychnis coronaria
Lychnis coronaria#Translingual

rose campion (Silene coronaria, syn. Lychnis coronaria)


χαλκόφωνος

χᾰλκόφωνος • (khalkóphōnos) f (genitive χᾰλκοφώνου); second declension

χᾰλκόφωνος (canonical)
khalkóphōnos (romanization)
χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκόφωνος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκόφωνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκοφώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκοφώνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκοφώνοις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκόφωνον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκοφώνους (accusative plural)
χᾰλκόφωνε (singular vocative)
χᾰλκοφώνω (dual vocative)
χᾰλκόφωνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chalcophōnos

From χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


ὀπάλλιος

grc-noun

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος • (opállios) m (genitive ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου); second declension

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (canonical)
opállios (romanization)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπᾰλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπᾰλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀπᾰ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀπᾰλλῐ́ους (accusative plural)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐε (singular vocative)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: opalus

From Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), possibly a variant of उपर (upara, “lower”), from उप (upa, “below, under, down”).


ἀργυρόλιθος

ἀργῠρολῐ́θου

ἀργῠρόλῐθος • (argurólithos) m (genitive ἀργῠρολῐ́θου); second declension

ἀργῠρόλῐθος (canonical)
argurólithos (romanization)
ἀργῠρολῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ ἀργῠρόλῐθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀργῠρολῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀργῠρόλῐθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀργῠρολῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀργῠρολῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀργῠρολῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀργῠρολῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀργῠρολῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀργῠρολῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀργῠρόλῐθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀργῠρολῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀργῠρολῐ́θους (accusative plural)
ἀργῠρόλῐθε (singular vocative)
ἀργῠρολῐ́θω (dual vocative)
ἀργῠρόλῐθοι (plural vocative)

From ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


λυγγούριον

grc-noun

λῠγγούρῐον • (lungoúrion) n (genitive λῠγγουρῐ́ου); second declension

λῠγγούρῐον (canonical)
lungoúrion (romanization)
λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠγγουρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠγγουρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠγγουρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠγγούρῐον (singular vocative)
λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λῠγγούρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ლჳგჳრიონი (lwigwirioni), ლიგჳრიონი (ligwirioni)

Traditionally derived from λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”) + οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), as the stone was thought to be the urine of the lynx. However, the presence of the word λογούριον (logoúrion, “glass”) rather shows that this is a Pre-Greek word.


γλωσσοπέτρα

grc-noun

γλωσσοπέτρᾱς

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ • (glōssopétrā) f (genitive γλωσσοπέτρᾱς); first declension

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (canonical)
glōssopétrā (romanization)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλωσσοπέτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσοπετρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλωσσοπέτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλωσσοπέτραις (dative plural)
τὴν γλωσσοπέτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (accusative plural)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (singular vocative)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual vocative)
γλωσσοπέτραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: glōssopetra

From γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”) + πέτρᾱ (pétrā, “stone”).

compound

kind of precious stone resembling a human tongue


χαλκῖτις

grc-noun

χᾰλκῖτῐς • (khalkîtis) f (genitive χᾰλκῑ́τῐδος); third declension

χᾰλκῖτῐς (canonical)
khalkîtis (romanization)
χᾰλκῑ́τῐδος (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκῖτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῑ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκῑ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκῑ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῑτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκῑτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκῑ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῑτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκῑ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκῑ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khalkī́tisi (dative plural)
taîs khalkī́tisin (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκῑ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῑ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκῑ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκῖτῐς (singular vocative)
χᾰλκῑ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
χᾰλκῑ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

From χάλκη (khálkē, “purple dye”) + -ῖτις (-îtis).


σάρδιον

grc-noun

σᾰ́ρδῐον • (sárdion) n (genitive σᾰρδῐ́ου); second declension

σᾰ́ρδῐον (canonical)
sárdion (romanization)
σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰρδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰρδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρδῐον (singular vocative)
σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: սարդիոն (sardion)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)
Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)

Probably from Σάρδεις (Sárdeis, “Sardis”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because it was its place of origin.

af

(mineralogy) sardine, carnelian, used also as a seal


πυρίτης

grc-noun

πῠρῑ́της • (purī́tēs) m (genitive πῠρῑ́του); first declension

πῠρῑ́της (canonical)
purī́tēs (romanization)
πῠρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ πῠρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν πῠρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
πῠρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
πῠρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
πῠρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pyrītēs

→ English: pyrite

→ Italian: pirite

From πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).

af

(mineralogy) copper pyrites, a mineral which strikes fire


μαριεύς

grc-noun

μᾰρῐεύς • (marieús) m (genitive μᾰρῐέως); third declension

μᾰρῐεύς (canonical)
marieús (romanization)
μᾰρῐέως (genitive)
ὁ μᾰρῐεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰρῐῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰρῐῆς (nominative plural)
μᾰρῐεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰρῐέως (genitive singular)
μᾰρῐῶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰρῐέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰρῐέων (genitive plural)
μᾰρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰρῐεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰρῐέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰρῐεῦσῐ (dative plural)
μᾰρῐεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs marieûsi (dative plural)
toîs marieûsin (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰρῐέᾱ (accusative singular)
μᾰρῐᾶ (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰρῐῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰρῐέᾱς (accusative plural)
μᾰρῐᾶς (accusative plural)
μᾰρῐεῦ (singular vocative)
μᾰρῐῆ (dual vocative)
μᾰρῐῆς (plural vocative)
μᾰρῐεῖς (plural vocative)

Unknown. The correct form is uncertain. Perhaps connected with μαρμαίρω (marmaírō, “to flash, sparkle, gleam”); in this case, it would properly mean "gleaming, sparkling". See also μαρίλη (marílē, “embers of charcoal”).

(mineralogy) stone that takes fire when water is poured on it


σῶρυ

σῶρῠ • (sôru) n (genitive σώρῠος); third declension

σῶρῠ (canonical)
sôru (romanization)
σώρῠος (genitive)
τὸ σῶρῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ σώρῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σώρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σώρῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σωρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σωρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σώρῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν σωρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σώρῠσῐ (dative plural)
σώρῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sṓrusi (dative plural)
toîs sṓrusin (dative plural)
τὸ σῶρῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ σώρῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σώρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
σῶρῠ (singular vocative)
σώρῠε (dual vocative)
σώρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sōry

A foreign word of unknown origin. The formation recalls μίσυ (mísu), βράθυ (bráthu) and μῶλυ (môlu). The variation υ/ι points to a Pre-Greek origin.

unk

unknown

(mineralogy) melanterite, ferrous sulphate


σαυρίτης

grc-noun

σαυρῑ́της • (saurī́tēs) m (genitive σαυρῑ́του); first declension

σαυρῑ́της (canonical)
saurī́tēs (romanization)
σαυρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σαυρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σαυρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαυρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σαυρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαυρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σαυρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαυρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σαυρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σαυρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: saurītēs

From σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).


τόπαζος

grc-noun

τόπᾰζος • (tópazos) m (genitive τοπᾰ́ζου); second declension

τόπᾰζος (canonical)
tópazos (romanization)
τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive)
ὁ τόπᾰζος (nominative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόπᾰζοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοπᾰ́ζων (genitive plural)
τῷ τοπᾰ́ζῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τοπᾰ́ζοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόπᾰζον (accusative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τοπᾰ́ζους (accusative plural)
τόπᾰζε (singular vocative)
τοπᾰ́ζω (dual vocative)
τόπᾰζοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: topazius (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: топаз (topaz)

desctree

→ Russian: топа́з (topáz)
→ Kazakh: топаз (topaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian: topaz

A loanword which, according to Pliny, was taken from the language of the Troglodytes, and named after an island of the same name in the Red Sea. However, according to Furnée, the existence of the gloss ταβάσιος (tabásios, “kind of stone”) proves a Pre-Greek origin of the word. Also compare Sanskrit तपस् (tapas, “fire, heat”).

gem of green hue, probably chrysolite or peridot


χρυσοκόλλα

grc-noun

χρῡσοκόλλᾰ • (khrūsokólla) f (genitive χρῡσοκόλλης); first declension

χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (canonical)
khrūsokólla (romanization)
χρῡσοκόλλης (genitive)
ἡ χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χρῡσοκόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χρῡσοκόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσοκολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χρῡσοκόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρῡσοκόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν χρῡσοκόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρῡσοκόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
χρῡσοκόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
χρῡσοκόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοκόλλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: chrysocolla

→ Finnish: krysokolla

→ Italian: crisocolla

From χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

compound

gold solder, malachite, basic copper carbonate


ψευδόχρυσος

grc-noun

ψευδοχρῡ́σου

ψευδόχρῡσος • (pseudókhrūsos) m (genitive ψευδοχρῡ́σου); second declension

ψευδόχρῡσος (canonical)
pseudókhrūsos (romanization)
ψευδοχρῡ́σου (genitive)
ὁ ψευδόχρῡσος (nominative singular)
τὼ ψευδοχρῡ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ ψευδόχρῡσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψευδοχρῡ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψευδοχρῡ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψευδοχρῡ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψευδοχρῡ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψευδοχρῡ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψευδοχρῡ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν ψευδόχρῡσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψευδοχρῡ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψευδοχρῡ́σους (accusative plural)
ψευδόχρῡσε (singular vocative)
ψευδοχρῡ́σω (dual vocative)
ψευδόχρῡσοι (plural vocative)

From ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false”) + χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”).


λινουργός

grc-noun

λῐνουργός • (linourgós) m (genitive λῐνουργοῦ); second declension

λῐνουργός (canonical)
linourgós (romanization)
λῐνουργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λῐνουργός (nominative singular)
τὼ λῐνουργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λῐνουργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῐνουργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῐνουργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῐνουργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λῐνουργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῐνουργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῐνουργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λῐνουργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῐνουργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λῐνουργούς (accusative plural)
λῐνουργέ (singular vocative)
λῐνουργώ (dual vocative)
λῐνουργοί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Linurgus

From λίνον (línon, “flax, linen”) + -ουργός (-ourgós, “worker”).


ὑδατίς

grc-noun

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς • (hudatís) f (genitive ὑδᾰτῐ́δος); third declension

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (canonical)
hudatís (romanization)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδᾰτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs hudatísi (dative plural)
taîs hudatísin (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: hydatid

From ὕδατος (húdatos, “water”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


δρακοντίας

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς • (drakontíās) m (genitive δρᾰκοντῐ́ου); first declension

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
drakontíās (romanization)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρᾰκοντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκοντῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρᾰκοντῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From δρᾰ́κων (drákōn, “dragon”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).

af

(mineralogy) stone said to be found in a serpent's head


ἀρσενικόν

grc-noun

ἀρσενῐκόν • (arsenikón) f (genitive ἀρσενῐκοῦ); first declension

ἀρσενῐκόν (canonical)
arsenikón (romanization)
ἀρσενῐκοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἀρσενῐκόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρσενῐκώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρσενῐκᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρσενῐκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρσενῐκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρσενῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρσενῐκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρσενῐκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρσενῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἀρσενῐκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρσενῐκώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρσενῐκᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἀρσενῐκόν (singular vocative)
ἀρσενῐκώ (dual vocative)
ἀρσενῐκᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: αρσενικό (arsenikó)

→ Latin: arrenicum

→ Latin: arsenicum (see there for further descendants)

Of Semitic origin (compare Classical Syriac ܙܪܢܝܟܐ (zarnīḵā, “orpiment”)) under the strong influence of ἀρσενικός (arsenikós, “male, virile”), from Middle Persian *zarnīk, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”). See arsenic for more cognates.

cog

(mineralogy) orpiment, yellow sulfide of arsenic


στυπτηρία

grc-noun

στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ • (stūptēríā) f (genitive στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
stūptēríā (romanization)
στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ στῡπτηρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν στῡπτηρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στῡπτηρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στῡπτηρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στῡπτηρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στῡπτηρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
στῡπτηρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
στῡπτηρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: στύψη f (stýpsi)

desc

→ Greek: στυπτηρία f (styptiría) (learned)

From στύφω (stúphō, “to be astringent”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) + -ία (-ía).

suffix

(mineralogy) an astringent salt, earth containing alum or ferrous sulfate


σιδηρίτης

grc-noun

σῐδηρῑ́της • (sidērī́tēs) m (genitive σῐδηρῑ́του); first declension

σῐδηρῑ́της (canonical)
sidērī́tēs (romanization)
σῐδηρῑ́του (genitive)
sidērîtis (romanization)
used as adjectives (also)
ὁ σῐδηρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐδηρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐδηρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐδηρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐδηρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐδηρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐδηρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐδηρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐδηρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐδηρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐδηρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐδηρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐδηρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σῐδηρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐδηρῖται (plural vocative)

desc

> Byzantine Greek: σιδηρίτης (sidērítēs) (inherited) with sense from σῐδηρῖτῐς f (sidērîtis)

→ Greek: σιδηρίτης (sidirítis) (learned) - also see σιδερίτης (siderítis)

→ Latin: sĭdērītes - and sĭdērītis from σῐδηρῖτῐς f (sidērîtis) (see there for further descendants)

σῐ́δηρ(ος) (sídēr(os), “iron”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, masculine suffix).

af

for sense "loadstone" see σῐδηρῖτῐς f (sidērîtis)