κεφαλή

grc-noun

κεφᾰλή • (kephălḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension

κεφᾰλή (canonical)
kephălḗ (romanization)
κεφᾰλῆς (genitive)
ἡ κεφᾰλή (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεφᾰλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κεφᾰλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεφᾰλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεφᾰλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κεφᾰλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεφᾰλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κεφᾰλή (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κεφᾰλαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē)

→ English: cephalo-

Greek: κεφαλή (kefalí)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰepʰəlā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-l̥ (“head”) + *-éh₂ (“nominal suffix”). Compare κεβλή (keblḗ). False cognate of Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla).

a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line").


Ῥωμαῖος

Ῥωμαῖος • (Rhōmaîos) m (genitive Ῥωμαίου); second declension

Rhōmaîos (romanization)
Ῥωμαίου (genitive)
ὁ Ῥωμαῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ῥωμαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ῥωμαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ῥωμαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ῥωμαῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ῥωμαίους (accusative plural)
Ῥωμαῖε (singular vocative)
Ῥωμαίω (dual vocative)
Ῥωμαῖοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Ρωμιός (Romiós, “(Byzantine) Greek”), Ρωμιοί pl (Romioí); Ρωμαίος (Romaíos, “Roman”), Ρωμαίοι pl (Romaíoi)

Mariupol Greek: руме́юс (rumjéjus)

→ Arabic: رُوم (rūm)

→ Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ (rōmeos)

→ English: Rhomaian

→ Late Latin: Rōmaeus, Rōmaei pl

Italo-Romance:

Italian: romeo

Sicilian: Rumìu, Rumeu

Padanian:

Piedmontese: romé, romèj

Northern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Franco-Provençal: romeâjo

→? Piedmontese: rumiagi

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: romeu

Occitan: romiu, romieu

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Leonese: romío

Old Galician-Portuguese: romeu

→ Galician: romeiro (semi-learned)

→ Portuguese: romeiro (semi-learned)

Old Spanish: romeo

→ Spanish: romero (semi-learned)

→ Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāy-īg)

հռովմայ-ական

→ Old Armenian: հռովմայ-ական (hṙovmay-akan), հռովմայ-եցի (hṙovmay-ecʻi)

Armenian: հռոմեական (hṙomeakan), հռոմեացի (hṙomeacʻi)

→ Sogdian: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫗 (βrʾwmʾyʾn /frōmāyān/, “Roman, Byzantine”)

From Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

suffix

(in the Byzantine Empire) a citizen of the Byzantine Empire

(in the Byzantine Empire, after the Great Schism) an Eastern Orthodox Christian


Κωνσταντινούπολις

grc-proper noun

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς • (Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs) f (genitive Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως); third declension

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (canonical)
Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs (romanization)
Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐν (accusative singular)
Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

desc

Κωνσταντινούπολη

> Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολη (Konstantinoúpoli) (inherited)

desctree

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

→ Arabic: الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya)
→ Azerbaijani: Qüstəntiniyyə
→ Malay: قسطنطینیه, Kustantiniyah
→ Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه (Kostantiniyye)
→ Classical Persian: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
→ Bengali: কুস্তুন্তুনিয়া (kustuntuniẏa)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ुस्तुंतुनिया (qustuntuniyā)
Urdu: قسطنطنیہ (qustuntuniyā)
Dari: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
Iranian Persian: قسطنطنیه (qostantaniye)
Tajik: Қустантиния (Qustantiniya), Қустантания (Qustantaniya)
→ Uzbek: Qustantiniya
→ Urdu: قُسْطَنْطِینِیَہ (qusṭanṭīniya)

→ Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis
→ French: Constantinople
→ Korean: 콘스탄티노폴리스 (konseutantinopolliseu)

→ English: Constantinople

Կոստանդնուպօլիս

→ Old Armenian: Կոստանդնուպօլիս (Kostandnupōlis), Կոստանդինուպօլիս (Kostandinupōlis), Կոստանդնապօլիս (Kostandnapōlis), Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis), Կոստանդնուպաւլիս (Kostandnupawlis)
Armenian: Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis)

desc

Константинополь

→ Russian: Константинополь (Konstantinopolʹ)

→ Turkish: Konstantinopolis

From the phrase Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου (Kōnstăntī́nou, “Constantine's”, genitive) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

affix

Κωνστᾰντῖνος

Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Constantinople (the capital of the Byzantine Empire; contemporary Istanbul in Turkey)


Ῥωμανία

grc-proper noun

Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ • (Rhōmānĭ́ā) f (genitive Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Rhōmānĭ́ā (romanization)
Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ρωμανία (Romanía)

Latin: Rōmānia, Rhōmānia

From Ῥωμᾱνός (Rhōmānós, “Roman”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).


Ῥωμανός

grc-noun

Ῥωμᾱνός • (Rhōmānós) m (genitive Ῥωμᾱνοῦ); second declension

Ῥωμᾱνός (canonical)
Rhōmānós (romanization)
Ῥωμᾱνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ῥωμᾱνός (nominative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμᾱνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ Ῥωμᾱνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ῥωμᾱνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμᾱνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ῥωμᾱνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ Ῥωμᾱνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμᾱνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ῥωμᾱνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν Ῥωμᾱνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμᾱνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ῥωμᾱνούς (accusative plural)
Ῥωμᾱνέ (singular vocative)
Ῥωμᾱνώ (dual vocative)
Ῥωμᾱνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ρωμανός (Romanós)


Ἰουστινιανός

grc-proper noun

Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνός

Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνοῦ

Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνός • (Ioustīnĭānós) m (genitive Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνοῦ); second declension

Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνός (canonical)
Ioustīnĭānós (romanization)
Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνός (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνῷ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνόν (accusative singular)
Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνέ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ἰουστῑνῐᾱνός

desc

Ιουστινιανός

Greek: Ιουστινιανός (Ioustinianós)


Πράσινοι

grc-proper noun

Πράσινοι • (Prásinoi) m pl (indeclinable)

From Latin prasinī, from Ancient Greek πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos, “leek-green”), from πράσον (práson, “leek”) + -ινος (-inos, “-ine: forming adjectives”).

suffix

(Byzantine, sports) the Greens, one of the usual chariot-racing factions of Rome, Constantinople, and other major cities of the empire


πρωτόκολλον

grc-noun

πρωτόκολλον • (prōtókollon) n (genitive πρωτοκόλλου); second declension

prōtókollon (romanization)
πρωτοκόλλου (genitive)
τὸ πρωτόκολλον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρωτοκόλλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρωτόκολλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρωτοκόλλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρωτοκόλλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρωτοκόλλων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρωτοκόλλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρωτοκόλλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρωτοκόλλοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρωτόκολλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρωτοκόλλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρωτόκολλᾰ (accusative plural)
πρωτόκολλον (singular vocative)
πρωτοκόλλω (dual vocative)
πρωτόκολλᾰ (plural vocative)

From πρωτο- (prōto-, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

affix

(Byzantine) first sheet of a papyrus-roll, bearing the official authentication and date of manufacture of the papyrus


Βάραγγος

grc-proper noun

Βάραγγος • (Bárangos) m (genitive Βαράγγου); second declension

Bárangos (romanization)
Βαράγγου (genitive)
ὁ Βάραγγος (nominative singular)
τὼ Βαράγγω (dual nominative)
οἱ Βάραγγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Βαράγγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Βαράγγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Βαράγγων (genitive plural)
τῷ Βαράγγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Βαράγγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Βαράγγοις (dative plural)
τὸν Βάραγγον (accusative singular)
τὼ Βαράγγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Βαράγγους (accusative plural)
Βάραγγε (singular vocative)
Βαράγγω (dual vocative)
Βάραγγοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Βάραγγος (Várangos)

→ Old Church Slavonic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ)

desctree

→ Old East Slavic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ) (learned)
Old Ruthenian: варѧ́гъ (varjáh), вара́гъ (varáh)
Belarusian: вара́г (varáh)
Carpathian Rusyn: Варя́г (Varjáh)
Ukrainian: варя́г (varjáh)
Russian: варя́г (varjág) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: Varangian (learned)

From Medieval Latin Varingus, Waringus, from a Germanic origin, likely via Old Norse væringi (literally “oath sworn”), from vár (“pledge, oath”) + -ing (“suffix to form gerund noun”).

af

(historical) Varangian; a soldier of Nordic or Anglo-Saxon origin, most distinguished for forming the elite Varangian Guard army unit in the Byzantine Empire, serving as the personal bodyguard of the Byzantine Roman Emperor in Constantinople


Βάραγγοι

grc-proper noun

Βάραγγοι • (Bárangoi) m pl (genitive Βαράγγων); second declension

Bárangoi (romanization)
Βαράγγων (genitive)
οἱ Βάραγγοι (nominative plural)
τῶν Βαράγγων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Βαράγγοις (dative plural)
τοὺς Βαράγγους (accusative plural)
Βάραγγοι (plural vocative)

(historical, collective) the Varangians (a medieval tribe or ethnic grouping of Norse origin)


Μονομάχος

Μονομάχος • (Monomákhos) m (genitive Μονομάχου); second declension

Monomákhos (romanization)
Μονομάχου (genitive)
ὁ Μονομᾰ́χος (nominative singular)
τὼ Μονομᾰ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ Μονομᾰ́χοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Μονομᾰ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Μονομᾰ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Μονομᾰ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ Μονομᾰ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Μονομᾰ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Μονομᾰ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν Μονομᾰ́χον (accusative singular)
τὼ Μονομᾰ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Μονομᾰ́χους (accusative plural)
Μονομᾰ́χε (singular vocative)
Μονομᾰ́χω (dual vocative)
Μονομᾰ́χοι (plural vocative)

→ English: Monomachos

Greek: Μονομάχος (Monomáchos)

→ Latin: Monomachus

→ English: Monomachus

→ Old East Slavic: Мономахъ (Monomaxŭ)

Russian: Монома́х (Monomáx)

Ukrainian: Монома́х (Monomáx)

From μονομάχος (monomákhos, “gladiator”, literally “lone warrior”).

(historical) notably borne by Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μονομάχος (Kōnstantînos ho Monomákhos), Constantine IX Monomachos (c. 1000–1055 C.E.), Byzantine Roman Emperor who ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1042 to 1055

Καὶ χρόνον τινὰ δι' ἑαυτῶν ἰθύνασαι τὴν ἀρχὴν, τῆς ὑπερορίας ἀνακαλοῦνται Κωνσταντῖνον τὸν Μονομάχον, ἀριστοκρατικὸν ἄνδρα καὶ θρέμμα τῆς Πόλεως, ὕποπτον δὲ ὄντα διὰ τὴν ἀρχήν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο παρὰ τῶν πρώην κρατούντων φυγαδευόμενον […] Εὐεργετικώτερος δὲ τοῦ προβεβασιλευκότος ὁ Μονομάχος ἀποδειχθείς, καὶ πάντας σχεδὸν βασιλικοῖς ἀξιώμασι καὶ δωρήμασι φιλοτίμοις ἀποσεμνύνας, ἠγάθυνε τὸ ὑπήκοον
Kaì khrónon tinà di’ heautôn ithúnasai tḕn arkhḕn, tês huperorías anakaloûntai Kōnstantînon tòn Monomákhon, aristokratikòn ándra kaì thrémma tês Póleōs, húpopton dè ónta dià tḕn arkhḗn, kaì dià toûto parà tôn prṓēn kratoúntōn phugadeuómenon […]Euergetikṓteros dè toû probebasileukótos ho Monomákhos apodeikhtheís, kaì pántas skhedòn basilikoîs axiṓmasi kaì dōrḗmasi philotímois aposemnúnas, ēgáthune tò hupḗkoon

circa 1080 C.E., Michael Attaleiates, History

And after some time ruling themselves, they recall from exile Constantine Monomachos, a man of the aristocracy and native of the City, but being suspect for the sake of power, and for this exiled by those ruling previously […] Monomachos proved more beneficent than any who reigned before, and glorified almost all with imperial ranks and lavish gifts, benefiting his subjects

a male surname, equivalent to Latin Monomachus or English Monomachos