δέρμα

grc-noun

δέρμᾰ • (dérma) n (genitive δέρμᾰτος); third declension

δέρμᾰ (canonical)
dérma (romanization)
δέρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ δέρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ δέρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δέρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δέρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δερμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δερμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ δέρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δερμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δέρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
δέρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dérmasi (dative plural)
toîs dérmasin (dative plural)
τὸ δέρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δέρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δέρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
δέρμᾰ (singular vocative)
δέρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
δέρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→⇒ English: dermato-

Greek: δέρμα (dérma)

δέρω (dérō, “to skin, flay”) + -μᾰ (-ma)


σπόρος

grc-noun

σπόρος • (spóros) m (genitive σπόρου); second declension

spóros (romanization)
σπόρου (genitive)
ὁ σπόρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπόροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπόρους (accusative plural)
σπόρε (singular vocative)
σπόρω (dual vocative)
σπόροι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπόρος (spóros)

From Proto-Indo-European *spor-, an o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Cognate with σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”), σπέρμα (spérma, “semen, sperm”), and Albanian farë; see σπείρω (speírō) for more.


γαστήρ

γᾰστήρ • (gastḗr) f (genitive γᾰστέρος or γᾰστρός); third declension

γᾰστήρ (canonical)
gastḗr (romanization)
γᾰστέρος (genitive)
γᾰστρός (genitive)
ἡ γᾰστήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰστέρες (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰστέρος (genitive singular)
γᾰστρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰστέρων (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰστέρῐ (dative singular)
γᾰστρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰστῆρσῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστῆρσῐν (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
γᾰστρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsi (dative plural)
taîs gastêrsin (dative plural)
gastrási (dative plural)
gastrásin (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰστέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰστέρε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰστέρᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰστήρ (singular vocative)
γᾰστέρε (dual vocative)
γᾰστέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

γᾰστέρος, γᾰστρός

γᾰστέρῐ, γᾰστρῐ́

γᾰστῆρσῐ(ν), γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ(ν)

⇒ Catalan: gastro-

→ English: gaster, ⇒ gastro-

⇒ French: gastro-

⇒ German: gastro-

⇒ Italian: gastro-

→ Latin: gaster

⇒ Portuguese: gastro-

⇒ Spanish: gastro-

Traditionally derived from a dissimilation of an unattested earlier *γρᾰστήρ (*grastḗr, “devourer”), from γρᾰ́ω (gráō, “to gnaw, eat”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix). If so, Sanskrit ग्रस्तर् (grastar, “(astronomy) eclipser (originally "devourer")”) would be an exact cognate; for a semantic parallel to the Sanskrit term, compare Chinese 蝕／蚀 (shí, “to corrode, eclipse”), which is derived from 食 (shí, “to eat”).
However, Beekes is skeptical of the semantics (it is somewhat of a stretch to consider the belly as an "eater"), and tentatively prefers a derivation from *gnt-tēr, with *-tt- > -st-, comparing γέντα (génta, “intestines”) (which itself is of unclear origin).

ncog

τῶν μή τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον χεῖράς θ’ ἡμετέρας, μηδ’ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ’ ὃς φύγοι, […]
tôn mḗ tis hupekphúgoi aipùn ólethron kheîrás th’ hēmetéras, mēd’ hón tina gastéri mḗtēr koûron eónta phéroi, mēd’ hòs phúgoi,[…]

Τοὶ κακοὶ οὐ πάντες κακοὶ ἐκ γαστρὸς γεγόνασιν, […]
Toì kakoì ou pántes kakoì ek gastròs gegónasin,[…]

6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 305


ὀδούς

grc-noun

ὀδούς • (odoús) m (genitive ὀδόντος); third declension

odoús (romanization)
ὀδόντος (genitive)
ὁ ὀδούς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀδόντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀδόντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀδόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀδόντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀδόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀδοῦσῐ (dative plural)
ὀδοῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs odoûsi (dative plural)
toîs odoûsin (dative plural)
τὸν ὀδόντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀδόντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀδόντᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀδόν (singular vocative)
ὀδόντε (dual vocative)
ὀδόντες (plural vocative)

Greek: δόντι (dónti) (from diminutive *ὀδόντιον (*odóntion))

Mariupol Greek: дъонд (ðond) (from diminutive *ὀδόντιον (*odóntion))

→ English: -odont, -odontia, odonto-

From Proto-Hellenic *odónts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”). Cognates include Sanskrit दत् (dát), Latin dēns, and Old English tōþ (English tooth).


ὀφθαλμός

ὀφθᾰλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθᾰλμοῦ); second declension

ὀφθᾰλμός (canonical)
ophthalmós (romanization)
ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὀφθᾰλμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀφθᾰλμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀφθᾰλμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀφθᾰλμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀφθᾰλμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὀφθᾰλμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀφθᾰλμούς (accusative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμέ (singular vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (plural vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμός (nominative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual nominative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (nominative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖο (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμόο (genitive singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν (dual genitive)
ὀφθᾰλμῶν (genitive plural)
ὀφθᾰλμῷ (dative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν (dative dual)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐ (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐν (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμοῖς (dative plural)
ophthalmoîsi (dative plural)
ophthalmoîsin (dative plural)
ophthalmoîs (dative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμόν (accusative singular)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (accusative dual)
ὀφθᾰλμούς (accusative plural)
ὀφθᾰλμέ (singular vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμώ (dual vocative)
ὀφθᾰλμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: οφθαλμός (ofthalmós)

→ English: ophthalmo-

→ French: ophtalmo-

→ German: ophthalmo-

Traditionally derived from ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber”), but note the usual ancient Greek word for eye is the similar ὤψ (ṓps), with a long /o/. Based on irregular κτ : πτ : φθ variation seen in variants like ὄκταλλος (óktallos) and ὀπτίλλος (optíllos), as well as the suffix -αλλ- (-all-) seen in ὄκταλλος (óktallos) being difficult to explain in Indo-European terms, Beekes takes the word to be of Pre-Greek origin, with proto-form *okʷt-alʸ-m-. The hypothetical Pre-Greek form's similarity to the Proto-Indo-European equivalent *h₃ókʷs (“eye”) is coincidental, according to Beekes; he additionally notes the contrast with the Homeric gloss ὄκκον (ókkon) given to ὀφθαλμόν (ophthalmón), which may be from the Indo-European root.

compound

(botany) eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)

eye
eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)

(surgery) surgical bandage covering one or both eyes

(architecture, in the dual) disks forming the centers of the volutes of an Ionic capital


θρίξ

grc-noun

θρῐ́ξ • (thríx) f (genitive τρῐχός); third declension

θρῐ́ξ (canonical)
thríx (romanization)
τρῐχός (genitive)
ἡ θρῐ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῐ́χε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῐ́χες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῐχός (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῐχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῐχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῐχῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῐχοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς θρῐξῐ́ (dative plural)
θρῐξῐ́ν (dative plural)
τὴν τρῐ́χᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῐ́χε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῐ́χᾰς (accusative plural)
θρῐ́ξ (singular vocative)
τρῐ́χε (dual vocative)
τρῐ́χες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

θρῐξῐ́ / θρῐξῐ́ν

English: tricho-, -trichous

Greek: τρίχα (trícha)


στῆθος

grc-noun

στῆθος • (stêthos) n (genitive στήθεος or στήθους); third declension

stêthos (romanization)
στήθεος (genitive)
στήθους (genitive)
τὸ στῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ στήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ στήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στηθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν στηθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesi (dative plural)
toîs stḗthesin (dative plural)
τὸ στῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ στήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στήθη (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθη (plural vocative)
στῆθος (nominative singular)
στήθει (dual nominative)
στήθεε (dual nominative)
στήθεᾰ (nominative plural)
στήθεος (genitive singular)
στήθευς (genitive singular)
στηθέοιν (dual genitive)
στηθέων (genitive plural)
στήθεσφι (genitive plural)
στήθεσφιν (genitive plural)
stēthéōn (genitive plural)
stḗthesphi (genitive plural)
stḗthesphin (genitive plural)
στήθει (dative singular)
στήθεῐ̈ (dative singular)
στηθέοιν (dative dual)
στήθεσῐ (dative plural)
στήθεσῐν (dative plural)
stḗthesi (dative plural)
stḗthesin (dative plural)
στῆθος (accusative singular)
στήθει (accusative dual)
στήθεε (accusative dual)
στήθεᾰ (accusative plural)
στῆθος (singular vocative)
στήθει (dual vocative)
στήθεε (dual vocative)
στήθεᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στηθέων, στήθεσφι(ν)

→ English: stetho-

Greek: στήθος (stíthos)

As this word is also Doric and Aeolic, the connection with ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”) must be given up. The similarity to στήνιον (stḗnion), Old Armenian ստին (stin, “breast”) and Sanskrit स्तन (stana, “female breast”) is hardly coincidental. If cognate, the relation between this word and στήνιον (stḗnion) would be like that of Latin plēnus (“full”) to πλῆθος (plêthos, “multitude”).


κρανίον

grc-noun

κρᾱνῐ́ον • (krāníon) n (genitive κρᾱνῐ́ου); second declension

κρᾱνῐ́ον (canonical)
krāníon (romanization)
κρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾱνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾱνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾱνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾱνῐ́ον (singular vocative)
κρᾱνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κρανίο (kranío)

→ Medieval Latin: crānium

→ Catalan: crani

→ English: cranium

→ French: crâne

→ Italian: cranio

→ Portuguese: crânio

→ Romanian: craniu

→ Spanish: cráneo

Form of κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “the head”) + -ῐ́ον (-íon, diminutive suffix).

af

(anatomy) The upper part of the head, the cranium.


ὅπλον

grc-noun

ὅπλον • (hóplon) n (genitive ὅπλου); second declension

hóplon (romanization)
ὅπλου (genitive)
τὸ ὅπλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὅπλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὅπλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὅπλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὅπλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὅπλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὅπλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὅπλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὅπλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὅπλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὅπλον (singular vocative)
ὅπλω (dual vocative)
ὅπλᾰ (plural vocative)

English: hopl-

Greek: όπλο (óplo, “gun”)

Albanian: aplladhe

From Proto-Indo-European *sop-lo- (“instrument”), an o-grade l-suffixed formation from *sep- (“to care for, honor, prepare”); see the related ἕπω (hépō, “I am busy”) for cognates. Not related to ἕπομαι (hépomai, “I follow”).

(often in the plural) instruments of war: arms, armour, weapon

specifically the large shield carried by hoplites


αἷμα

αἷμᾰ • (haîma) n (genitive αἵμᾰτος); third declension

αἷμᾰ (canonical)
haîma (romanization)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs haímasi (dative plural)
toîs haímasin (dative plural)
τὸ αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
αἷμᾰ (nominative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (dual nominative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
αἵμᾰτος (genitive singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
αἱμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
αἵμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
αἱμᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
αἵμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
αἵμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
αἱμᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
haímasi (dative plural)
haímasin (dative plural)
haimátessi (dative plural)
haimátessin (dative plural)
haimátesi (dative plural)
haimátesin (dative plural)
αἷμᾰ (accusative singular)
αἵμᾰτε (accusative dual)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
αἷμᾰ (singular vocative)
αἵμᾰτε (dual vocative)
αἵμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: αἷμα (haîma), αἷμαν (haîman), αἷμας (haîmas), γαῖμα (gaîma)

Greek: αίμα (aíma)

Pontic Greek: γαίμα (gaíma)

→ Bulgarian: -емия (-emija)

→ Catalan: -èmia

→ Danish: -æmi

→ German: hämato-, hämat-, -hämie, -ämie

→ English: haemato-, haema-, -aemia, haemal

→ Spanish: -emia

→ French: -émie

→ Irish: -éime

→ Italian: -emia

→ Dutch: -emie

→ Polish: hemato-, -emia (learned)

→ Russian: -емия (-emija)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -емија

Latin script: -emija

Uncertain and contested, as many competing theories exist. One possibility is from Proto-Indo-European *sai- (“thick or viscous liquid”), related to Proto-West Germanic *saim (whence German Seim (“viscous fluid”)), although some sources reject this as phonologically improbable. A different theory relates it to Proto-Indo-European *s(w)okʷós (“plant juice, resin”), which would make it related to ὀπός (opós, “plant juice”). Other suggestions include a relation to Ancient Greek αἰονάω (aionáō, “to moisten”) or to Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to throw, to flow”), thereby making it a doublet of ἧμα (hêma, “projectile”). Finally, a Northwest Semitic borrowing has been posited, related to Aramaic חַיִּים (ḥayyim, “life”), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayím, “life”), Phoenician 𐤇𐤉𐤌 (ḥym, “long life”).


οὖς

grc-noun

οὖς • (oûs) n (genitive ὠτός); third declension

oûs (romanization)
ὠτός (genitive)
τὸ οὖς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠσῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs ōsí (dative plural)
toîs ōsín (dative plural)
τὸ οὖς (accusative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
ὦτε (dual vocative)
ὦτᾰ (plural vocative)
οὖς (nominative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
οὔᾰτος (genitive singular)
οὐάτων (genitive plural)
οὔᾰτῐ (dative singular)
οὔᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ὠσί (dative plural)
ὠσίν (dative plural)
oúasi (dative plural)
oúasin (dative plural)
ōsí (dative plural)
ōsín (dative plural)
οὖς (accusative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
οὔᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

οὔᾰσῐ(ν), ὠσί(ν)

Koine Greek: ὠτίον (ōtíon), ὠτία (ōtía)

Byzantine Greek: ἀφτίον (aphtíon), ἀφτία (aphtía)

Greek: αφτί (aftí)

Mariupol Greek: фты (fty)

→ English: oto-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”). Cognate with Old English ēare (English ear), Latin auris, Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), Old Church Slavonic оухо (uxo), and Old Irish áu.


λέπρα

grc-noun

λέπρᾱ • (léprā) f (genitive λέπρᾱς); first declension

λέπρᾱ (canonical)
léprā (romanization)
λέπρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λέπρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λέπρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λέπραι (nominative plural)
τῆς λέπρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέπραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεπρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λέπρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέπραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λέπραις (dative plural)
τὴν λέπρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λέπρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λέπρᾱς (accusative plural)
λέπρᾱ (singular vocative)
λέπρᾱ (dual vocative)
λέπραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lepra (see there for further descendants)

Resembles λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) + *-ρᾱ (*-rā), but with unclear morphology. Perhaps both words are ultimately Pre-Greek; compare λεβηρῐ́ς (lebērís, “shed skin”).


πούς

πούς • (poús) m (genitive ποδός); third declension

poús (romanization)
ποδός (genitive)
ὁ πούς (nominative singular)
τὼ πόδε (dual nominative)
οἱ πόδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ποδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποσῐ́ (dative plural)
ποσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs posí (dative plural)
toîs posín (dative plural)
τὸν πόδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πόδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόδᾰς (accusative plural)
πούς (singular vocative)
πόδε (dual vocative)
πόδες (plural vocative)
πούς (nominative singular)
πόδε (dual nominative)
πόδες (nominative plural)
ποδός (genitive singular)
ποδοῖῐν (dual genitive)
ποδῶν (genitive plural)
ποδῐ́ (dative singular)
ποδοῖῐν (dative dual)
ποσί (dative plural)
ποσίν (dative plural)
πόδεσσῐ (dative plural)
πόδεσσῐν (dative plural)
ποσσί (dative plural)
ποσσίν (dative plural)
posí (dative plural)
posín (dative plural)
pódessi (dative plural)
pódessin (dative plural)
possí (dative plural)
possín (dative plural)
πόδᾰ (accusative singular)
πόδε (accusative dual)
πόδᾰς (accusative plural)
πούς (singular vocative)
πόδε (dual vocative)
πόδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ποσί(ν)/πόδεσσῐ(ν)/ποσσί(ν)

Byzantine Greek: πόδιν (pódin) (from diminutive πόδιον)

Greek: πόδι (pódi)

>? Mariupol Greek: пудъа́р (puðár)

→ English: -pod, pous

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀡 (po) (dat. 𐀡𐀆 (po-de /podei/)), Latin pēs, Sanskrit पद् (pad), Old Armenian ոտն (otn) and հետ (het), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fōtus) and Old English fōt (English foot).

(unit of measure) Greek foot or pous, the ancient Greek and Byzantine unit of length originally based upon the length of a shod foot


ὀστέον

grc-noun

ὀστέον • (ostéon) n (genitive ὀστέου); second declension

ostéon (romanization)
ὀστέου (genitive)
τὸ ὀστέον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀστέᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστέοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀστέον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀστέᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀστέον (singular vocative)
ὀστέω (dual vocative)
ὀστέᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: οστό (ostó)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁. Cognates include Latin os, Sanskrit अस्थि (ásthi), Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr), and Albanian asht.


γλῶσσα

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssa) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension

γλῶσσᾰ (canonical)
glôssa (romanization)
γλώσσης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶσσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσέων (genitive plural)
γλωσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ (dative plural)
γλώσσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisi (dative plural)
têisi glṓssēisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶσσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶσσᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γλώσσᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γλωσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γλώσσᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώσσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γλώσσᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλώσσᾱ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)

Inherited

Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)

Italiot Greek: glossa

Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)

Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

Borrowed

→ English: glossa

desctree

→ Latin: glossa, glōsa, gloss. (abbreviation)
→ Catalan: glossa
→ Middle English: glosse
English: gloss
→ Middle High German: glōse
German: Glosse
Italian: chiosa, → glossa
→ Old French: glose
Middle French: glose
French: glose
→ Czech: glosa
→ Old Irish: glúas
Middle Irish: glúais
Irish: gluais
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
Portuguese: glosa
→ Old Spanish: glosa
Spanish: glosa
→ Polish: glosa
→ Romanian: glosă

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) + -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.


πτέρυξ

grc-noun

πτέρῠξ • (ptérux) f (genitive πτέρῠγος); third declension

πτέρῠξ (canonical)
ptérux (romanization)
πτέρῠγος (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρῠγες (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρῠξῐ (dative plural)
πτέρῠξῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxi (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxin (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
πτέρῠξ (singular vocative)
πτέρῠγε (dual vocative)
πτέρῠγες (plural vocative)

Greek: πτέρυγα (ptéryga)

English: pterygo-, pteryg-

Connected with πτερόν (pterón, “feather”), but with an unexplained suffix.

anything like a wing:
(anatomy) shoulder blade


κλείς

κλείς • (kleís) f (genitive κλειδός); third declension

kleís (romanization)
κλειδός (genitive)
ἡ κλείς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλεῖδε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλεῖδες (nominative plural)
κλεῖς (nominative plural)
τῆς κλειδός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλειδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλειδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλειδῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλειδοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλεισῐ́ (dative plural)
κλεισῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs kleisí (dative plural)
taîs kleisín (dative plural)
τὴν κλεῖδᾰ (accusative singular)
κλεῖν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλεῖδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλεῖδᾰς (accusative plural)
κλεῖς (accusative plural)
κλείς (singular vocative)
κλεῖδε (dual vocative)
κλεῖδες (plural vocative)
κλεῖς (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κλεῖδᾰ/κλεῖν

κλεῖδες/κλεῖς

κλεῖδᾰς/κλεῖς

→ Aghwan: 𐕄𐔼𐔾𐕜 (ḳilṭ)

desctree

→ Aramaic: קלידא
Classical Syriac: ܩܠܝܕܐ (qəlīḏāʾ)
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַקְלִידָא (ʾaqlīḏāʾ)
→ Arabic: إِقْلِيد (ʔiqlīd)
→ Hebrew: קְלִיד (qəlîḏ)

→ English: cleido-

⇒ New Latin: sternocleidomastoīdēs, sternocleidomastoīdeus

→ English: sternocleidomastoid, sternocleidomastoideus

→ Old Georgian: კლიტჱ (ḳliṭē)

Georgian: კლიტე (ḳliṭe), კილტე (ḳilṭe) — Adjara, Guria, Fereydan
→ Bats: კლიტ (ḳliṭ)

→ Persian: کلید (kelid)
→ Azerbaijani: kilid
→ Kazakh: кілт (kılt)
→ Northern Kurdish: kilîd
→ Ottoman Turkish: كلید (kilid), كلیت (kilit)
Turkish: kilit
→ Uzbek: kalit

From Proto-Hellenic *klāwī́ds, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Latin clāvus (“nail, pin”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”).

cog

(anatomy) collarbone (probably so called from its hook shape)


ὤψ

grc-noun

ὤψ • (ṓps) f (genitive ὠπός); third declension

ṓps (romanization)
ὠπός (genitive)
ἡ ὤψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὦπε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὦπες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὠπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὠπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠποῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὠψῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs ōpsí (dative plural)
taîs ōpsín (dative plural)
τὴν ὦπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὦπε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὦπᾰς (accusative plural)
ὤψ (singular vocative)
ὦπε (dual vocative)
ὦπες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-. See also ὄψ (óps).

αἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν

To the eye [or in her face] she looks astonishingly like the immortal goddesses.

(the phrase εἰς ὦπα (eis ôpa), in Homer and Hesiod) to the eye; (possibly) in the face


χαίτη

χαίτη • (khaítē) f (genitive χαίτης); first declension

khaítē (romanization)
χαίτης (genitive)
ἡ χαίτη (nominative singular)
τὼ χαίτᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χαῖται (nominative plural)
τῆς χαίτης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χαίταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χαιτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χαίτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χαίταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χαίταις (dative plural)
τὴν χαίτην (accusative singular)
τὼ χαίτᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χαίτᾱς (accusative plural)
χαίτη (singular vocative)
χαίτᾱ (dual vocative)
χαῖται (plural vocative)

English: chaeta

Greek: χαίτη (chaíti)

Latin: macrochaeta

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂it- (“curly hair”), the same root of Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀 (gaēsa, “curly hair”) and Middle Irish gaiset (“bristly hair”).

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.439

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.405

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.509

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 5.5

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.1

46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pelopidas 22

408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1121

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 498b.28

350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 658a.31

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 822

a mane of a horse or of a lion (also, metaphorically, of Aeschylus); opposed to λοφιά


ῥίς

grc-noun

ῥῑ́ς • (rhī́s) f (genitive ῥῑνός); third declension

ῥῑ́ς (canonical)
rhī́s (romanization)
ῥῑνός (genitive)
ἡ ῥῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῖνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥῖνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥῑνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῑνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥῑνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῑνοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥῑσῐ́ (dative plural)
ῥῑσῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs rhīsí (dative plural)
taîs rhīsín (dative plural)
τὴν ῥῖνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῖνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥῖνᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥῑ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥῖνε (dual vocative)
ῥῖνες (plural vocative)

Greek: ρίνα (rína)

→ English: rhino- (learned)

desctree

→ French: rhino- (learned)
→ Persian: رینوـ (rino-)
→ Romanian: rino-
→ Turkish: rino-

→ German: rhino- (learned)

→ Greek: ρινο- (rino-) (learned)

→ Italian: rino- (learned)

→ Spanish: rino- (learned)

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον

plant nose-smart, watercress, κάρδαμον; sternutative

ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον

palnt calf's snout, plant Antirrhinum Orontium

ῥῑνίον

diminutive of file (ῥίνη), or nose (ῥίς)

ῥινοβόλος

striking the nose, emitted through the nose

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.456

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 267

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 918

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 344

360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 79e


παλάμη

grc-noun

πᾰλᾰ́μη • (palámē) f (genitive πᾰλᾰ́μης); first declension

πᾰλᾰ́μη (canonical)
palámē (romanization)
πᾰλᾰ́μης (genitive)
ἡ πᾰλᾰ́μη (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰλᾰ́μαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰλᾰ́μης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰλᾰ́μαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰλᾰμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰλᾰ́μῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰλᾰ́μαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰλᾰ́μαις (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰλᾰ́μην (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰλᾰ́μᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μη (singular vocative)
πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰλᾰ́μαι (plural vocative)
πᾰλᾰ́μη (nominative singular)
πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (dual nominative)
πᾰλᾰ́μαι (nominative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μης (genitive singular)
πᾰλάμηφι (genitive singular)
πᾰλάμηφιν (genitive singular)
palámēs (genitive singular)
palámēphi (genitive singular)
palámēphin (genitive singular)
πᾰλᾰ́μαιν (dual genitive)
πᾰλᾰ́μαιῐν (dual genitive)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃῐν (dual genitive)
palámain (dual genitive)
palámaiin (dual genitive)
palámēiin (dual genitive)
πᾰλᾰμᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
πᾰλᾰμέ͜ων (genitive plural)
πᾰλᾰμῶν (genitive plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃ (dative singular)
πᾰλάμηφι (dative singular)
πᾰλάμηφιν (dative singular)
palámēi (dative singular)
palámēphi (dative singular)
palámēphin (dative singular)
πᾰλᾰ́μαιν (dative dual)
πᾰλᾰ́μαιῐν (dative dual)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃῐν (dative dual)
palámain (dative dual)
palámaiin (dative dual)
palámēiin (dative dual)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃσῐν (dative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μῃς (dative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μαις (dative plural)
palámēisi (dative plural)
palámēisin (dative plural)
palámēis (dative plural)
palámais (dative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μην (accusative singular)
πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (accusative dual)
πᾰλᾰ́μᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰλᾰ́μη (singular vocative)
πᾰλᾰ́μᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰλᾰ́μαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πᾰλᾰ́μης, πᾰλάμηφι(ν)

πᾰλᾰ́μῃ, πᾰλάμηφι(ν)

Greek: παλάμη (palámi)

Mariupol Greek: пала́м (palám)

From Proto-Hellenic *palámā, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂(e)meh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognates include Latin palma, Old Irish lám, Old English folm, and Albanian shpullë.


πέος

grc-noun

πέος • (péos) n (genitive πέους); third declension

péos (romanization)
πέους (genitive)
τὸ πέος (nominative singular)
τὼ πέει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πέει (dative singular)
τοῖν πεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέεσῐ (dative plural)
πέεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs péesi (dative plural)
toîs péesin (dative plural)
τὸ πέος (accusative singular)
τὼ πέει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέη (accusative plural)
πέος (singular vocative)
πέει (dual vocative)
πέη (plural vocative)

Greek: πέος (péos)

From Proto-Hellenic *péhos, from Proto-Indo-European *pésos, from *pes-. Cognates include Latin pēnis and Sanskrit पसस् (pásas).

ἀφεκτέα τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἡμῖν τοῦ πέους.
τί μοι μεταστρέφεσθε; ποῖ βαδίζετε;
αὗται τί μοιμυᾶτε κἀνανεύετε;
aphektéa toínun estìn hēmîn toû péous.
tí moi metastréphesthe? poî badízete?

Well then, we must abstain from cock.
—Why do you turn away? Where are you off to?
Why do you grimace like that and shake your heads?


βάσις

βᾰ́σῐς • (básis) f (genitive βᾰ́σεως); third declension

βᾰ́σῐς (canonical)
básis (romanization)
βᾰ́σεως (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́σῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́σει (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́σεις (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰ́σεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰ́σεων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰ́σει (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰ́σεσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰ́σεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs básesi (dative plural)
taîs básesin (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́σῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́σει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰ́σεις (accusative plural)
βᾰ́σῐ (singular vocative)
βᾰ́σει (dual vocative)
βᾰ́σεις (plural vocative)

Greek: βάση (vási)

→ Hebrew: בָּסִיס (basís)

⇒ Italian: abasia

→ Latin: basis (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: bassus (perhaps) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷə́tis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, from the root *gʷem- (“step”). By surface analysis, βαίνω (baínō, “to walk, step”) + -σῐς (-sis, nominal suffix).

surf

measured step or movement; rhythmical or metrical movement

(rhetoric) rhythmical close of a sentence; clause forming transition from protasis to apodosis


χείρ

grc-noun

χείρ • (kheír) f (genitive χειρός); third declension

kheír (romanization)
χειρός (genitive)
ἡ χείρ (nominative singular)
τὼ χεῖρε (dual nominative)
αἱ χεῖρες (nominative plural)
τῆς χειρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν χεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χερῶν (genitive plural)
χειρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χειρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν χεροῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χερσί (dative plural)
χερσίν (dative plural)
χείρεσσι (dative plural)
χείρεσσιν (dative plural)
taîs khersí (dative plural)
taîs khersín (dative plural)
kheíressi (dative plural)
kheíressin (dative plural)
τὴν χεῖρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χεῖρε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χεῖρᾰς (accusative plural)
χείρ (singular vocative)
χεῖρε (dual vocative)
χεῖρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χερῶν/χειρῶν

χερσί(ν)/χείρεσσι(ν)

→ English: chiro-, chiral, chirality

Koine Greek: χέριον (khérion) (diminutive)

Byzantine Greek: χέριν (khérin)

Greek: χέρι (chéri)

→ Greek: χειρ (cheir)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰéhər, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr (“hand”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/), Albanian dorë (“hand”), Tocharian A tsar, and Latin hir (“hand”).

(Il.6.81) εν χερσὶ γυναικων πεσέειν (into the arms)

1843, Longus quoted in Liddell Scott Jones, Ancient Greek Lexicon:

(Il.6.81) en khersì gunaikōn peséein (into the arms)


κεραία

grc-noun

κεραίᾱ • (keraíā) f (genitive κεραίᾱς); first declension

κεραίᾱ (canonical)
keraíā (romanization)
κεραίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κεραίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κεραίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεραῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κεραίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεραίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεραιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεραίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεραίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεραίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κεραίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεραίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεραίᾱς (accusative plural)
κεραίᾱ (singular vocative)
κεραίᾱ (dual vocative)
κεραῖαι (plural vocative)

From κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
(nautical) yardarm

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
yardarm

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
projecting parts of the huckle bone

(anatomy) supposed teat-like projections inside the womb


σπέρμα

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (genitive σπέρμᾰτος); third declension

spérma (romanization)
σπέρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σπέρμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπέρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπέρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπερμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σπέρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπέρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σπέρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs spérmasi (dative plural)
toîs spérmasin (dative plural)
τὸ σπέρμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπέρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σπέρμᾰ (singular vocative)
σπέρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σπέρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ (sperma)

Greek: σπέρμα (spérma)

Mariupol Greek: сперма (spjerma)

desctree

→ Latin: sperma
Catalan: esperma
Old French: sperme
Middle French: sperme
→ English: sperm
French: sperme
→ German: Sperma
→ Estonian: sperma

From Proto-Indo-European *spérmn̥, which consists of Proto-Indo-European *sper- + Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥. By surface analysis, σπείρω (speírō) + -μα (-ma). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀟𐀔 (pe-ma).


δάκρυον

grc-noun

δᾰ́κρῠον • (dákruon) n (genitive δᾰκρῠ́ου); second declension

δᾰ́κρῠον (canonical)
dákruon (romanization)
δᾰκρῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ δᾰ́κρῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰκρῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰκρῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰκρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰκρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰκρῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰκρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰκρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ δᾰ́κρῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰκρῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
δᾰ́κρῠον (singular vocative)
δᾰκρῠ́ω (dual vocative)
δᾰ́κρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Back-formation from δάκρυα (dákrua), originally the plural of δάκρυ (dákru).

Alternative form of δᾰ́κρῠ (dákru, “tear”)


ὀφρύς

ὀφρῡ́ς • (ophrū́s) f (genitive ὀφρῠ́ος); third declension

ὀφρῡ́ς (canonical)
ophrū́s (romanization)
ὀφρῠ́ος (genitive)
ἡ ὀφρῡ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀφρῠ́ε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀφρῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀφρῠ́ος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀφρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀφρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀφρῠ́ῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀφρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀφρῠ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὀφρῠ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ophrúsi (dative plural)
taîs ophrúsin (dative plural)
τὴν ὀφρῡ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀφρῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀφρῦς (accusative plural)
ὀφρῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀφρῡ́ (singular vocative)
ὀφρῠ́ε (dual vocative)
ὀφρῠ́ες (plural vocative)

Koine Greek: ὀφρύδιον (ophrúdion) (from the diminutive)

desc

Byzantine Greek: φρύδιν (phrúdin), φρύδι (phrúdi)

Greek: φρύδι (frýdi)

Mariupol Greek: фридъ (frið)

desctree

Pontic Greek: οφρύδιν (ofrýdin), οφρύδ' (ofrýd'), 'φρύδιν ('frýdin), οφρύδι (ofrýdi), 'φρύδι ('frýdi), 'φρύδ' ('frýd')
→ Laz: ოჶიდი (ofidi)

From Proto-Hellenic *opʰrū́s, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“eyebrow”). Cognates include Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū́), Lithuanian bruvis, Tocharian B pärwāne, Old English brū (English brow).


ψιλός

ψῑλός (canonical)
psīlós (romanization)
ψῑλή (feminine)
ψῑλόν (neuter)
ψῑλός (masculine nominative singular)
ψῑλή (feminine nominative singular)
ψῑλόν (neuter nominative singular)
ψῑλώ (dual masculine nominative)
ψῑλᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ψῑλώ (dual neuter nominative)
ψῑλοί (masculine nominative plural)
ψῑλαί (feminine nominative plural)
ψῑλᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ψῑλοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ψῑλῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ψῑλοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ψῑλοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ψῑλαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ψῑλοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ψῑλῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ψῑλῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ψῑλῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ψῑλῷ (dative masculine singular)
ψῑλῇ (dative feminine singular)
ψῑλῷ (dative neuter singular)
ψῑλοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ψῑλαῖν (dative dual feminine)
ψῑλοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ψῑλοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ψῑλαῖς (dative feminine plural)
ψῑλοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ψῑλόν (accusative masculine singular)
ψῑλήν (accusative feminine singular)
ψῑλόν (accusative neuter singular)
ψῑλώ (accusative dual masculine)
ψῑλᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ψῑλώ (accusative dual neuter)
ψῑλούς (accusative masculine plural)
ψῑλᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ψῑλᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ψῑλέ (masculine singular vocative)
ψῑλή (feminine singular vocative)
ψῑλόν (neuter singular vocative)
ψῑλώ (dual masculine vocative)
ψῑλᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ψῑλώ (dual neuter vocative)
ψῑλοί (masculine plural vocative)
ψῑλαί (feminine plural vocative)
ψῑλᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ψῑλῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ψῑλότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ψῑλότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

δασύς

antonym(s) of “hairless, without rough breathing, unaspirated”


φαλακρός

φᾰλᾰκρός (canonical)
phalakrós (romanization)
φᾰλᾰκρᾱ́ (feminine)
φᾰλᾰκρόν (neuter)
φαλακρός (masculine nominative singular)
φαλακρᾱ́ (feminine nominative singular)
φαλακρόν (neuter nominative singular)
φαλακρώ (dual masculine nominative)
φαλακρᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
φαλακρώ (dual neuter nominative)
φαλακροί (masculine nominative plural)
φαλακραί (feminine nominative plural)
φαλακρᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
φαλακροῦ (genitive masculine singular)
φαλακρᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
φαλακροῦ (genitive neuter singular)
φαλακροῖν (dual genitive masculine)
φαλακραῖν (dual feminine genitive)
φαλακροῖν (dual genitive neuter)
φαλακρῶν (genitive masculine plural)
φαλακρῶν (feminine genitive plural)
φαλακρῶν (genitive neuter plural)
φαλακρῷ (dative masculine singular)
φαλακρᾷ (dative feminine singular)
φαλακρῷ (dative neuter singular)
φαλακροῖν (dative dual masculine)
φαλακραῖν (dative dual feminine)
φαλακροῖν (dative dual neuter)
φαλακροῖς (dative masculine plural)
φαλακραῖς (dative feminine plural)
φαλακροῖς (dative neuter plural)
φαλακρόν (accusative masculine singular)
φαλακρᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
φαλακρόν (accusative neuter singular)
φαλακρώ (accusative dual masculine)
φαλακρᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
φαλακρώ (accusative dual neuter)
φαλακρούς (accusative masculine plural)
φαλακρᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
φαλακρᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
φαλακρέ (masculine singular vocative)
φαλακρᾱ́ (feminine singular vocative)
φαλακρόν (neuter singular vocative)
φαλακρώ (dual masculine vocative)
φαλακρᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
φαλακρώ (dual neuter vocative)
φαλακροί (masculine plural vocative)
φαλακραί (feminine plural vocative)
φαλακρᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
φαλακρῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
φαλακρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
φαλακρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Compound of φαλός (phalós, “white”) + ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost”).


γένυς

grc-noun

γένῡς, γένῠς

γένῡς, γένῠς • (génūs, génus) f (genitive γένῠος); third declension

γένῡς (canonical)
γένῠς (canonical)
génūs (romanization)
génus (romanization)
γένῠος (genitive)
ἡ γένῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ γένῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ γένῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς γένῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γενῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γενῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ γένῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
γένυι (dative singular)
τοῖν γενῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γένῠσῐ (dative plural)
γένῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs génusi (dative plural)
taîs génusin (dative plural)
τὴν γένῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ γένῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γένῡς (accusative plural)
γένῠᾰς (accusative plural)
γένῠ (singular vocative)
γένῠε (dual vocative)
γένῠες (plural vocative)
γένῡς (nominative singular)
γένῠε (dual nominative)
γένῠες (nominative plural)
γένῠος (genitive singular)
γενῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
γενῠ́ων (genitive plural)
γένῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
γένυι (dative singular)
γενῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
γενῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
γενῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
γένῡσῐ (dative plural)
γένῡσῐν (dative plural)
γένῡσσῐ (dative plural)
γένῡσσῐν (dative plural)
genúessi (dative plural)
genúessin (dative plural)
génūsi (dative plural)
génūsin (dative plural)
génūssi (dative plural)
génūssin (dative plural)
γένῡν (accusative singular)
γένῠε (accusative dual)
γένῡς (accusative plural)
γένῠᾰς (accusative plural)
γένῡ (singular vocative)
γένῠε (dual vocative)
γένῠες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *génus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu-, *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).
Cognates include Sanskrit हनु (hánu), Latin gena, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt, “jaw”), Persian چانه (čâne), Tocharian A śanwem, Lithuanian žandas, Welsh gên, and English chin.


χεῖλος

χεῖλος • (kheîlos) n (genitive χείλεος or χείλους); third declension

kheîlos (romanization)
χείλεος (genitive)
χείλους (genitive)
τὸ χεῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ χείλει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείλη (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείλους (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χείλει (dative singular)
τοῖν χειλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kheílesi (dative plural)
toîs kheílesin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖλος (accusative singular)
τὼ χείλει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείλη (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλη (plural vocative)
χεῖλος (nominative singular)
χείλει (dual nominative)
χείλεε (dual nominative)
χείλεᾰ (nominative plural)
χείλεος (genitive singular)
χείλευς (genitive singular)
χειλέοιν (dual genitive)
χειλέων (genitive plural)
χείλει (dative singular)
χείλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
χειλέοιν (dative dual)
χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
kheílesi (dative plural)
kheílesin (dative plural)
χεῖλος (accusative singular)
χείλει (accusative dual)
χείλεε (accusative dual)
χείλεᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλεε (dual vocative)
χείλεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ χεῖλος (nominative singular)
τὼ χείλει (dual nominative)
χείλεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χείλεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χείλεος (genitive singular)
χείλευς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χειλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χειλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ χείλει (dative singular)
χείλεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν χειλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν χείλεσῐ (dative plural)
χείλεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi kheílesi (dative plural)
toîsi kheílesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τὸ χεῖλος (accusative singular)
τὼ χείλει (accusative dual)
χείλεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χείλεᾰ (accusative plural)
χεῖλος (singular vocative)
χείλει (dual vocative)
χείλεε (dual vocative)
χείλεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: χείλος (cheílos)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”).


πτέρνη

πτέρνη • (ptérnē) f (genitive πτέρνης); first declension

ptérnē (romanization)
πτέρνης (genitive)
ἡ πτέρνη (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτέρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτέρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρναις (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρνην (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρνᾱς (accusative plural)
πτέρνη (singular vocative)
πτέρνᾱ (dual vocative)
πτέρναι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognates include Latin perna and Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi). Doublet of πέρνα (pérna, “ham”), which was borrowed from Latin.


πλεύμων

πλεύμων • (pleúmōn) m (genitive πλεύμονος); third declension

pleúmōn (romanization)
πλεύμονος (genitive)
ὁ πλεύμων (nominative singular)
τὼ πλεύμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πλεύμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλεύμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλευμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλευμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλεύμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλευμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλεύμοσῐ (dative plural)
πλεύμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pleúmosi (dative plural)
toîs pleúmosin (dative plural)
τὸν πλεύμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πλεύμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλεύμονᾰς (accusative plural)
πλεῦμον (singular vocative)
πλεύμονε (dual vocative)
πλεύμονες (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
From Proto-Hellenic *pléwmōn, from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō. Cognates include Sanskrit क्लोमन् (klóman), Latin pulmō and Old Church Slavonic плюща (pljušta).


πέλμα

grc-noun

πέλμᾰ • (pélma) n (genitive πέλμᾰτος); third declension

πέλμᾰ (canonical)
pélma (romanization)
πέλμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ πέλμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέλμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πέλμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέλμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πέλμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέλμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πέλμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pélmasi (dative plural)
toîs pélmasin (dative plural)
τὸ πέλμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πέλμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πέλμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πέλμᾰ (singular vocative)
πέλμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πέλμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πέλμα (pélma)

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *pélmn̥, from *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”) and cognate with Proto-Germanic *felmô (“covering, skin”) (whence English film). Compare also Latin pellis (“skin”), Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, hide”) and Proto-Slavic *plěna (“membrane”) from the same root.


κανθός

grc-noun

κανθός • (kanthós) m (genitive κανθοῦ); second declension

kanthós (romanization)
κανθοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κανθός (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κανθοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κανθόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθούς (accusative plural)
κανθέ (singular vocative)
κανθώ (dual vocative)
κανθοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain, sometimes suggested to be related to Proto-Slavic *kǫtъ (“corner”), Proto-Celtic *cantos (“corner, rim (of a chariot wheel)”) through a Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ndʰ-, but Beekes doesn't find this convincing, as -νθ- is often indicative of Pre-Greek; moreover, Slavic and Celtic presuppose *-t-.
The primary sense is "corner of the eye", recorded in Aristotle; in the 6th century (John Philoponus) also glossed as "eyelids";
the secondary meaning "rim (of a wheel)" only arises in the Roman period (Edict of Diocletian AD 301), influenced by Latin (originally Gaulish) cantus.
The senses "chimney" and "pot, pan" are only known from Hesychius.


βρῶμα

grc-noun

βρῶμᾰ • (brôma) n (genitive βρώμᾰτος); third declension

βρῶμᾰ (canonical)
brôma (romanization)
βρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βρῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
βρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Italian: bruma

→ Sicilian: bromu

→ Maltese: bram

→ Spanish: broma

From the root of βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “I eat”) + -μᾰ (-ma, object noun suffix).


ἀδήν

grc-noun

ᾰ̓δήν • (adḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

ᾰ̓δήν (canonical)
adḗn (romanization)
ᾰ̓δένος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓δήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δένε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ᾰ̓δένες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δένων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓δέσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs adési (dative plural)
taîs adésin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δένε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δήν (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δένε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δένες (plural vocative)

⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia

Greek: αδένας (adénas)

⇒ Latin: polyadenus

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).
De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.

inh

[…], τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ, […]
[…], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò têi maskhálēi,[…]

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 11


ὦμος

grc-noun

ὦμος • (ômos) m (genitive ὤμου); second declension

ômos (romanization)
ὤμου (genitive)
ὁ ὦμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὤμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὦμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὤμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὤμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὤμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὦμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὤμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὤμους (accusative plural)
ὦμε (singular vocative)
ὤμω (dual vocative)
ὦμοι (plural vocative)
ὦμος (nominative singular)
ὤμω (dual nominative)
ὦμοι (nominative plural)
ὤμου (genitive singular)
ὠμοῖο (genitive singular)
ὤμοιο (genitive singular)
ὠμόο (genitive singular)
ὤμοο (genitive singular)
ὤμοιῐν (dual genitive)
ὤμων (genitive plural)
ὤμῳ (dative singular)
ὤμοιῐν (dative dual)
ὤμοισῐ (dative plural)
ὤμοισῐν (dative plural)
ὤμοις (dative plural)
ṓmoisi (dative plural)
ṓmoisin (dative plural)
ṓmois (dative plural)
ὦμον (accusative singular)
ὤμω (accusative dual)
ὤμους (accusative plural)
ὦμε (singular vocative)
ὤμω (dual vocative)
ὦμοι (plural vocative)

⇒ English: omo-

Greek: ώμος (ómos)

⇒ New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.

Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.

τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν· […]

From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each, […]

shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal

(particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)


ἔαρ

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension

ἔᾰρ (canonical)
éar (romanization)
ἔᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
ἔᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éarsi (dative plural)
toîs éarsin (dative plural)
τὸ ἔᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἔᾰρε (dual vocative)
ἔᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *éhər, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥. Cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), Latin sanguis and Old Latin assyr.

οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι
σάρκας ἀφαρπάζουσι καὶ ἀρτιχύτοιο φόνοιο
θερμὸν ἔαρ λάπτουσιν·
hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi
sárkas apharpázousi kaì artikhútoio phónoio

They rush upon him and rend his flesh with their jaws and lap the warm gore of new-shed blood.


ἧπαρ

ἧπᾰρ • (hêpar) n (genitive ἥπᾰτος); third declension

ἧπᾰρ (canonical)
hêpar (romanization)
ἥπᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἧπᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἥπᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἥπᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡπᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἥπᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἥπᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἥπᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hḗpasi (dative plural)
toîs hḗpasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἧπᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἥπᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἥπᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
ἧπᾰρ (nominative singular)
ἥπᾰτε (dual nominative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
ἥπᾰτος (genitive singular)
ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἡπᾰ́των (genitive plural)
ἥπᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
ἥπᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἥπᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐ (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐν (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
ἡπᾰ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
hḗpasi (dative plural)
hḗpasin (dative plural)
hēpátessi (dative plural)
hēpátessin (dative plural)
hēpátesi (dative plural)
hēpátesin (dative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (accusative singular)
ἥπᾰτε (accusative dual)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἧπᾰρ (singular vocative)
ἥπᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἥπᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

English: hepato-, hepar

Greek: ήπαρ (ípar)

Latin: hēpar

From Proto-Hellenic *yêkʷər, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥.


πλευρά

πλευρᾱ́ • (pleurā́) f (genitive πλευρᾶς); first declension

πλευρᾱ́ (canonical)
pleurā́ (romanization)
πλευρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ πλευρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ πλευραί (nominative plural)
τῆς πλευρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλευραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλευρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πλευρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλευραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς πλευραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν πλευρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πλευρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
πλευρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
πλευρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
πλευραί (plural vocative)

→ Medieval Latin: pleura

→ English: pleura

→ French: pleura

→ Italian: pleura

→ Portuguese: pleura

→ Spanish: pleura

Of uncertain origin. The traditional connections with πλάξ (pláx, “flat object, plate”) (< *plk-) and παλάμη (palámē, “palm”) (< *plh₂-em-eh₂-), via an unattested *πλῆ-ϝαρ (*plê-war), suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). The semantics seem reasonable; however, the morphological formation is unclear.
An alternative theory, deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *pnew-reh₂, from *pnew- (“to breath”), would leave the lambdacism (ν (n) > λ (l)) unexplained (although compare πλεύμων (pleúmōn, “lung”)), in addition to being semantically farfetched (the "lung membrane" meaning appears to be a much later innovation in the English borrowing that was never present in Greek), particularly when compared to the connection with *pleh₂-.

(usually in the plural) A side of a man or animal.


βρότος

βρότος • (brótos) m (genitive βρότου); second declension

brótos (romanization)
βρότου (genitive)
ὁ βρότος (nominative singular)
τοῦ βρότου (genitive singular)
τῷ βρότῳ (dative singular)
τὸν βρότον (accusative singular)
βρότε (singular vocative)

Uncertain.
Perhaps related to Sanskrit मूर्त (mūrtá-, “clotted, coagulated”) (related to the verb मूर्छति (mūrchati, “to congeal, thicken, become solid, stiffen”); see मूर्छ् (mūrch) for more), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥H-tó-, but this requires an unexplained loss of the laryngeal.
Various attempts to link this term with βροτός (brotós) and ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos) have been made; Frisk and Beekes following him reject these as improbable. Schulze proposes a common origin with ἀμφιβρότη (amphibrótē, “covering the body on all sides”) from an unattested *βροτόν (*brotón, “body”) which may be further related to Sanskrit मूर्ति (mū́rti-, “body, figure, form”); this is also rejected.


πνεύμων

grc-noun

πνεύμων • (pneúmōn) m (genitive πνεύμονος); third declension

pneúmōn (romanization)
πνεύμονος (genitive)
ὁ πνεύμων (nominative singular)
τὼ πνεύμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πνεύμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνεύμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνευμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνευμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πνεύμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνευμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνεύμοσῐ (dative plural)
πνεύμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pneúmosi (dative plural)
toîs pneúmosin (dative plural)
τὸν πνεύμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνεύμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πνεύμονᾰς (accusative plural)
πνεῦμον (singular vocative)
πνεύμονε (dual vocative)
πνεύμονες (plural vocative)

Greek: πνεύμονας (pnévmonas)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
Alteration of πλεύμων (pleúmōn) influenced by πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”) / πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath”).


φάλαγξ

grc-noun

φᾰ́λᾰγξ • (phálanx) f (genitive φᾰ́λᾰγγος); third declension

φᾰ́λᾰγξ (canonical)
phálanx (romanization)
φᾰ́λᾰγγος (genitive)
ἡ φᾰ́λᾰγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰ́λᾰγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰ́λᾰγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰλᾰ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰ́λᾰγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰ́λᾰγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́λᾰγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs phálanxi (dative plural)
taîs phálanxin (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́λᾰγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́λᾰγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́λᾰγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάλαγγα f (fálanga)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܠܓܐ (plaggā)

→ Latin: phalanx (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: phalanga (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang), փալանգ (pʻalang)
→ Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang)

Traditionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”), with cognates such as Latin sufflāmen and Old High German balcho, but regular derivation of φᾰ́λᾰγγ- from this root is phonetically impossible, and the suffix is prototypical of Pre-Greek. Possibly related to φάλκης (phálkēs) via the same substrate source.


πρόσωπον

grc-noun

πρόσωπον • (prósōpon) n (genitive προσώπου); second declension

prósōpon (romanization)
προσώπου (genitive)
τὸ πρόσωπον (nominative singular)
τὼ προσώπω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρόσωπᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προσώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προσώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προσώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ προσώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προσώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προσώποις (dative plural)
τὸ πρόσωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ προσώπω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρόσωπᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόσωπον (singular vocative)
προσώπω (dual vocative)
πρόσωπᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

There exist numerous lengthened plurals, such as προσώπατα (prosṓpata) and προσώπασι (prosṓpasi).

Greek: πρόσωπο (prósopo)

→ Aramaic: פרצופא

Classical Syriac: ܦܪܨܘܦܐ

→ English: prosopon

desctree

→? Etruscan: 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu)
→? Latin: persōna (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: פַּרְצוּף (partsúf)

→ Romanian: prosop

From an earlier *προτι-ωπ-ον (*proti-ōp-on, “what is opposite to the eyes (of the other)”), analyzed as πρότι (próti, “opposite”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”) + -ον (-on, “nominative neuter suffix”); for the first component, see πρός (prós, “towards”). In light of exact cognates such as Tocharian B pratsāko (“chest”) and Sanskrit प्रतीक (prátīka, “face, appearance”), this compound may have been directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *prétih₃kʷo-, though it is equally possible it was formed independently of its cognates.


φλέγμα

grc-noun

φλέγμᾰ • (phlégma) n (genitive φλέγμᾰτος); third declension

φλέγμᾰ (canonical)
phlégma (romanization)
φλέγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φλέγμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλεγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ φλέγμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φλέγμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
φλέγμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasi (dative plural)
toîs phlégmasin (dative plural)
τὸ φλέγμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φλέγμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
φλέγμᾰ (singular vocative)
φλέγμᾰτε (dual vocative)
φλέγμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَلْغَم (balḡam)
Maltese: belgħun
→ Azerbaijani: bəlğəm
→ Indonesian: balgam
→ Middle Armenian: պալղամ (palġam), պլղամ (plġam)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بالغام (balgam)
Turkish: balgam
→ Gagauz: balgam
→ Swahili: balaghamu

→ English: phlegm

→ Latin: phlegma
Catalan: flegma
Galician: freima, flegma
Italian: flemma
French: flemme, flegme
Old French: fleume
→ Middle Dutch: fleume, fleuma
Dutch: fluim
Polish: flegma
Portuguese: flegma, fleuma, fleima
Romanian: flegmă
Spanish: flema

From φλέγω (phlégō, “to set on fire, inflame”) + -μα (-ma).


σφόνδυλος

grc-noun

σφόνδῠλος • (sphóndulos) m (genitive σφονδῠ́λου); second declension

σφόνδῠλος (canonical)
sphóndulos (romanization)
σφονδῠ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σφόνδῠλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφονδῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφόνδῠλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφονδῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφονδῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφονδῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφονδῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφόνδῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφονδῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφονδῠ́λους (accusative plural)
σφόνδῠλε (singular vocative)
σφονδῠ́λω (dual vocative)
σφόνδῠλοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and κόνδυλος (kóndulos), probably first from a noun *σφόνδος (*sphóndos). Sometimes connected with words like σφενδόνη (sphendónē), σφεδανός (sphedanós) and σφαδάζω (sphadázō), but this is mere speculation. The variation σφ/σπ points to a Pre-Greek origin.

vertebra (especially the cervical vertebrae)


χολή

χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension

kholḗ (romanization)
χολῆς (genitive)
ἡ χολή (nominative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ χολαί (nominative plural)
τῆς χολῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χολῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χολῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν χολαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς χολαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν χολήν (accusative singular)
τὼ χολᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χολᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
χολή (singular vocative)
χολᾱ́ (dual vocative)
χολαί (plural vocative)

Greek: χολή (cholí)

→ Old French: colle

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”), Persian زر (zar, “gold”).


ἰχώρ

ῑ̓χώρ • (īkhṓr) m (genitive ῑ̓χῶρος); third declension

ῑ̓χώρ (canonical)
īkhṓr (romanization)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓χώροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsi (dative plural)
toîs īkhôrsin (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓χῶρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)
ῑ̓χώρ (nominative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual nominative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (nominative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρος (genitive singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dual genitive)
ῑ̓χώρων (genitive plural)
ῑ̓χῶρῐ (dative singular)
ῑ̓χώροιῐν (dative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶρσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσσῐν (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓χώρεσῐν (dative plural)
īkhôrsi (dative plural)
īkhôrsin (dative plural)
īkhṓressi (dative plural)
īkhṓressin (dative plural)
īkhṓresi (dative plural)
īkhṓresin (dative plural)
ῑ̓χῶ (accusative singular)
ῑ̓χῶρε (accusative dual)
ῑ̓χῶρᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓χώρ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓χῶρες (plural vocative)

ichor, the fluid which runs through the veins of gods


πεδίον

πεδίον • (pedíon) n (genitive πεδίου); second declension

pedíon (romanization)
πεδίου (genitive)
τὸ πεδῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ πεδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πεδῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πεδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πεδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πεδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πεδῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ πεδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πεδῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πεδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)
πεδῐ́ον (nominative singular)
πεδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
πεδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
πεδῐοῖο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οιο (genitive singular)
πεδῐόο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οο (genitive singular)
πεδῐ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
πεδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
πεδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
πεδῐ́οιῐν (dative dual)
πεδῐ́οισῐ (dative plural)
πεδῐ́οισῐν (dative plural)
πεδῐ́οις (dative plural)
pedíoisi (dative plural)
pedíoisin (dative plural)
pedíois (dative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (accusative singular)
πεδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
πεδῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πεδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πεδῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πεδίο (pedío)

→ English: pedion, Pædion

From Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“trace, footstep”), and related to πούς (poús, “foot”). Compare πέδον (pédon, “soil, ground”).

der

νὴ μὰ Δία Βοιωτία, καλόν γ’ ἔχουσα τὸ πεδίον


ἱδρώς

grc-noun

ῑ̆̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs) m (genitive ῑ̆̔δρῶτος); third declension

ῑ̆̔δρώς (canonical)
hīdrṓs (romanization)
ῑ̆̔δρῶτος (genitive)
ὁ ἱδρώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱδρῶτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱδρῶτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱδρώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱδρῶτι (dative singular)
ἱδρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ (dative plural)
ἱδρῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsi (dative plural)
toîs hidrôsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱδρῶτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱδρώς (singular vocative)
ἱδρῶτε (dual vocative)
ἱδρῶτες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιδρώτας (idrótas)

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Particularly close cognates include Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

μετὰ ἱδρῶτος

κατὰ δ’ ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέων

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.599

ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτί

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 767

ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι

τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 289, (of sweat as the sign of toil)

tês aretês hidrôta theoì propároithen éthēkan

ἱδρῶτα παρέχειν

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.29

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.36

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867a.13

ἱδρῶτες ξηροί

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239c, (opposed to the effect of baths)

C.E. 80–110, Textus Receptus, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22.44


φάρυγξ

φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phárunx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension

φᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
phárunx (romanization)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs pháruxi (dative plural)
taîs pháruxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs phárunxi (dative plural)
taîs phárunxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Greek: φάρυγγας (fáryngas)

→ New Latin: pharynx
→ English: pharynx

→ Italian: faringe

According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”), but phonetically this is somewhat problematic as the Greek form requires laryngeal metathesis to *bʰr̥Hug-, turning the root disyllabic, for unknown reasons. Alternatively, it could be related to φᾰ́ρᾰγξ (pháranx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”), also of disputed origin.
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -ῠγγ- (or -ῠγ-) argues for a Pre-Greek origin. Compare λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lárunx).


ἐρυσίπελας

grc-noun

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς • (erusípelas) n (genitive ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος); third declension

ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (canonical)
erusípelas (romanization)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐπελᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasi (dative plural)
toîs erusipélasin (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (singular vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐρῠσῐπέλᾰτος

→ Latin: erysipelas

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

Medical term of unusual formation. Traditionally derived from ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós, “red”) + Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”); compare πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole of foot”) and Latin pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”). According to Beekes, it may also be of Pre-Greek origin, comparing the first element of the word with the first element of ἐρῠσῑ́βη (erusī́bē, “rust in plants”) and ἐρῠσῐ́σκηπτρον (erusískēptron, “kind of plant”).


ὄρρος

grc-noun

ὄρρος • (órrhos) m (genitive ὅρρου); second declension

órrhos (romanization)
ὅρρου (genitive)
ὁ ὄρρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρροις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρρους (accusative plural)
ὄρρε (singular vocative)
ὄρρω (dual vocative)
ὄρροι (plural vocative)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


κύτος

grc-noun

κῠ́τος • (kútos) n (genitive κῠ́τους); third declension

κῠ́τος (canonical)
kútos (romanization)
κῠ́τους (genitive)
τὸ κῠ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠ́τους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠ́τει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠ́τεσῐ (dative plural)
κῠ́τεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kútesi (dative plural)
toîs kútesin (dative plural)
τὸ κῠ́τος (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́τει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́τη (accusative plural)
κῠ́τος (singular vocative)
κῠ́τει (dual vocative)
κῠ́τη (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κύτος (kýtos)

⇒ Latin: monocytus (Taxonomic Latin)

Uncertain. According to Beekes, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“cover, skin”) (via a form *(s)kHu-t-); related to σκῦτος (skûtos, “hide, leather”), Latin cutis (“skin”), and English hide, but the presumed laryngeal metathesis is problematic. Alternatively from *kew- ~ *ḱew- (“hollow”), but this is also reconstructed as *ḱewh₁-. In view of the formal problems and the word's semantic category, a substrate origin is possible.

der

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 322

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 816

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1142

413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 37

408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.2

any vessel; e.g. a jar, an urn, a vase, etc.


φακός

grc-noun

φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension

φᾰκός (canonical)
phakós (romanization)
φᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰκούς (accusative plural)
φᾰκέ (singular vocative)
φᾰκώ (dual vocative)
φᾰκοί (plural vocative)

Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).
It is likely that the terms mentioned above are all related and derived from an ancient European and Mediterranean substrate word for "bean", which was borrowed by various groups in the area, particularly considering that the words for various beans in Indo-Aryan, a branch of Indo-European removed from this area, do not resemble the above terms.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual


πάππος

πᾰ́ππος • (páppos) m (genitive πᾰ́ππου); second declension

πᾰ́ππος (canonical)
páppos (romanization)
πᾰ́ππου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰ́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰ́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ππους (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ππε (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ππω (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πποι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: πάππος (páppos)

→ Romani: pàpos

→ Latin: pappus

→ English: pappus

→ Italian: pappo

Reduplicated nursery word; compare πάππας (páppas, “daddy, papa”).

(botany) pappus, down on the seeds of certain plants


χυλός

χῡλός • (khūlós) m (genitive χῡλοῦ); second declension

χῡλός (canonical)
khūlós (romanization)
χῡλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ χῡλός (nominative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ χῡλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ χῡλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χῡλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χῡλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν χῡλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χῡλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν χῡλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ χῡλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῡλούς (accusative plural)
χῡλέ (singular vocative)
χῡλώ (dual vocative)
χῡλοί (plural vocative)

Greek: χυλός (chylós)

→ Latin: chȳlus

→ English: chyle

Traditionally derived as a nominal formation from χέω (khéō, “to pour”), but like χυμός (khumós, “juice, liquid”), it is unclear how the long -ῡ- can be explained.

chyle, juice produced by the digestion of food


περόνη

περόνη • (perónē) f (genitive περόνης); first declension

perónē (romanization)
περόνης (genitive)
ἡ περόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ περόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς περόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς περόναις (dative plural)
τὴν περόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περόνᾱς (accusative plural)
περόνη (singular vocative)
περόνᾱ (dual vocative)
περόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: περόνη (peróni)

⇒ Koine Greek: περόνιον (perónion)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πιρούνιν (piroúnin), περούνιν (peroúnin)

desctree

Greek: πιρούνι (piroúni)
→ Albanian: pirun
→ Aromanian: pirunã
→ Friulian: piron
→ Ladino: piron
→ Mòcheno: paru'
→ Romanian: piron
→ Serbo-Croatian: pirun / пирун
→ Venetian: piron
→ Cimbrian: pirù
→ Lombard: piron

→ English: perone

From πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, run through”), formed with the pattern of ᾰ̓κόνη (akónē, “whetstone, hone”), βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

(anatomy) radius; (more frequently) fibula, calf bone

(zootomy) ligament below the knee of a horse


βλέννα

grc-noun

βλέννα • (blénna) f (genitive βλέννης); first declension

blénna (romanization)
βλέννης (genitive)
ἡ βλέννᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βλένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βλέννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βλέννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βλένναις (dative plural)
τὴν βλέννᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βλέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βλέννᾱς (accusative plural)
βλέννᾰ (singular vocative)
βλέννᾱ (dual vocative)
βλένναι (plural vocative)

Often connected with Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, gentle”) and Middle Irish blind (“slime from the mouth of a dead man”). However, according to Furnée, the variations would prove a Pre-Greek origin.


κόκκυξ

grc-noun

κόκκῡξ • (kókkūx) m (genitive κόκκῡγος); third declension

κόκκῡξ (canonical)
kókkūx (romanization)
κόκκῡγος (genitive)
ὁ κόκκῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκῡγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκῡγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκῡ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῡγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκῡξῐ (dative plural)
κόκκῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxi (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκῡγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκῡγᾰς (accusative plural)
κόκκῡξ (singular vocative)
κόκκῡγε (dual vocative)
κόκκῡγες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coccyx

From Proto-Hellenic *kókkūks, eventually from the same onomatopoeic root of κόκκῡ (kókkū, “cry of the cuckoo”) and κοκκύζω (kokkúzō, “to cry cuckoo”). Compare also English cuckoo, Latin cucūlus (“cuckoo”) and Greek κούκος (koúkos, “cuckoo”), which are all onomatopoeias.


γνάθος

γνᾰ́θος • (gnáthos) f (genitive γνᾰ́θου); second declension

γνᾰ́θος (canonical)
gnáthos (romanization)
γνᾰ́θου (genitive)
ἡ γνᾰ́θος (nominative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (dual nominative)
αἱ γνᾰ́θοι (nominative plural)
τῆς γνᾰ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γνᾰ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ γνᾰ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γνᾰ́θοις (dative plural)
τὴν γνᾰ́θον (accusative singular)
τὼ γνᾰ́θω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γνᾰ́θους (accusative plural)
γνᾰ́θε (singular vocative)
γνᾰ́θω (dual vocative)
γνᾰ́θοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos)

→⇒ English: gnatho- (learned)

→ Late Latin: ganathus (learned)

desctree

→⇒ Italian: ganascia
→ French: ganache
→ English: ganache

→⇒ New Latin: eurygnathus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₂dʰ-os, from a root *ǵneh₂dʰ-, related to *ǵénu- (“jaw, cheek, chin”), despite (as Beekes objects) not yielding *γνᾱθος as may be expected. Cognate with Lithuanian žándas (“cheek”) and English chin.


πώγων

grc-noun

πώγων • (pṓgōn) m (genitive πώγωνος); third declension

pṓgōn (romanization)
πώγωνος (genitive)
ὁ πώγων (nominative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ πώγωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πώγωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πωγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πώγωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πωγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πώγωσῐ (dative plural)
πώγωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsi (dative plural)
toîs pṓgōsin (dative plural)
τὸν πώγωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πώγωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πώγωνᾰς (accusative plural)
πώγων (singular vocative)
πώγωνε (dual vocative)
πώγωνες (plural vocative)

→ English: pogono-


δοθιήν

δοθῐήν • (dothiḗn) m (genitive δοθῐῆνος); third declension

δοθῐήν (canonical)
dothiḗn (romanization)
δοθῐῆνος (genitive)
ὁ δοθῐήν (nominative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ δοθῐῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δοθῐῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δοθῐήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δοθῐῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δοθῐήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δοθῐῆσῐ (dative plural)
δοθῐῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs dothiêsi (dative plural)
toîs dothiêsin (dative plural)
τὸν δοθῐῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δοθῐῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δοθῐῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
δοθῐήν (singular vocative)
δοθῐῆνε (dual vocative)
δοθῐῆνες (plural vocative)

English: dothienenteritis, dothienic

Greek: δοθιήνας (dothiínas)

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Humors 20

500 BCE – 350 BCE, Hermippus, Collected Works 30

422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1172

5th century BC, Telecleides 43

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.128.6


ἀστράγαλος

ἀστράγᾰλος • (astrágalos) m (genitive ἀστρᾰγάλου); second declension

ἀστράγᾰλος (canonical)
astrágalos (romanization)
ἀστρᾰγάλου (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓στρᾰγᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓στρᾰ́γᾰλος

Greek: αστράγαλος (astrágalos)

Translingual: Astragalus

Generally considered to be a derivation in "-λ-" of ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), but this cannot be correct. According to Beekes, it is probably a Pre-Greek word. Compare ὄστρακον (óstrakon).

(in the plural) dice, or a game played with them


βύρσα

grc-noun

βῠ́ρσᾰ • (búrsa) f (genitive βῠ́ρσης); first declension

βῠ́ρσᾰ (canonical)
búrsa (romanization)
βῠ́ρσης (genitive)
ἡ βῠ́ρσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βῠ́ρσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βῠ́ρσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βῠ́ρσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῠ́ρσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῠρσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βῠ́ρσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῠ́ρσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βῠ́ρσαις (dative plural)
τὴν βῠ́ρσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βῠ́ρσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βῠ́ρσᾱς (accusative plural)
βῠ́ρσᾰ (singular vocative)
βῠ́ρσᾱ (dual vocative)
βῠ́ρσαι (plural vocative)

Latin: bursa (see there for further descendants)

A loanword of unknown, possibly Pre-Greek, origin. Perhaps cognate with Hittite 𒆳𒊭𒀸 (kur-ša-aš); see there for more.


ἔμετος

ἔμετος • (émetos) m (genitive ἐμέτου); second declension

émetos (romanization)
ἐμέτου (genitive)
ὁ ἔμετος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔμετοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐμέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐμέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐμέτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔμετον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμέτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐμέτους (accusative plural)
ἔμετε (singular vocative)
ἐμέτω (dual vocative)
ἔμετοι (plural vocative)


θέναρ

θένᾰρ • (thénar) n (genitive θένᾰρος); third declension

θένᾰρ (canonical)
thénar (romanization)
θένᾰρος (genitive)
τὸ θένᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ θένᾰρε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θένᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θένᾰρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θενᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θενᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θένᾰρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θενᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θένᾰρσῐ (dative plural)
θένᾰρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs thénarsi (dative plural)
toîs thénarsin (dative plural)
τὸ θένᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ θένᾰρε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θένᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
θένᾰρ (singular vocative)
θένᾰρε (dual vocative)
θένᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: thenar (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“flat of the hand, palm”). Compare Sanskrit धन्वन् (dhanvan) and Old High German tenar.


οὖρον

grc-noun

οὖρον • (oûron) n (genitive οὔρου); second declension

oûron (romanization)
οὔρου (genitive)
τὸ οὖρον (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὔρων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὔροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔροις (dative plural)
τὸ οὖρον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὖρᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖρον (singular vocative)
οὔρω (dual vocative)
οὖρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ούρο (oúro), ούρα (oúra)

From οὐρέω (ouréō, “to urinate”). Not related to Latin ūrīna.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.111


ὄψ

ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension

óps (romanization)
ὀπός (genitive)
ἡ ὄψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄπε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄπες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀψῐ́ (dative plural)
ὀψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs opsí (dative plural)
taîs opsín (dative plural)
τὴν ὄπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄπε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄπᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄψ (singular vocative)
ὄπε (dual vocative)
ὄπες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Zosterops

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”). See also ὤψ (ṓps).

490 BCE – 430 BCE, Empedocles, Collected Works 371


πῆχυς

πῆχῠς • (pêkhus) m (genitive πήχεως); third declension

πῆχῠς (canonical)
pêkhus (romanization)
πήχεως (genitive)
ὁ πῆχῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ πήχει (dual nominative)
οἱ πήχεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ πήχεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πήχεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πήχει (dative singular)
τοῖν πηχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πήχεσῐ (dative plural)
πήχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pḗkhesi (dative plural)
toîs pḗkhesin (dative plural)
τὸν πῆχῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ πήχει (accusative dual)
τοὺς πήχεις (accusative plural)
πῆχῠ (singular vocative)
πήχει (dual vocative)
πήχεις (plural vocative)
πῆχῠς (nominative singular)
πήχεε (dual nominative)
πήχεες (nominative plural)
πήχεος (genitive singular)
πηχέοιῐν (dual genitive)
πήχεων (genitive plural)
πήχει (dative singular)
πηχέοιῐν (dative dual)
πηχέεσσῐ (dative plural)
πηχέεσσῐν (dative plural)
πηχέεσῐ (dative plural)
πηχέεσῐν (dative plural)
πήχεσῐ (dative plural)
πήχεσῐν (dative plural)
pēkhéessi (dative plural)
pēkhéessin (dative plural)
pēkhéesi (dative plural)
pēkhéesin (dative plural)
pḗkhesi (dative plural)
pḗkhesin (dative plural)
πῆχῠν (accusative singular)
πήχεε (accusative dual)
πήχεᾰς (accusative plural)
πῆχῠ (singular vocative)
πήχεε (dual vocative)
πήχεες (plural vocative)

Greek: πήχης (píchis)

→⇒ Italian: pechiagra

From Proto-Hellenic *pā́kʰus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús. Cognates include Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu, “arm”), Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (b-a-z-u /bāzu/) (Persian بازو (bâzu)), and Old English bōg (English bough).

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 751C

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.419

the centrepiece, which joined the two horns of an ancient bow

ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.158

(as a measure of length) cubit, the distance from the point of the elbow to that of the little finger

405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 799

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A Professor of Public Speaking 6

170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Collected Works 769

(in the plural) the cubits, small children one cubit in height represented in pictures as playing round the Nile


ῥυτίς

ῥῠτῐ́ς • (rhutís) f (genitive ῥῠτῐ́δος); third declension

ῥῠτῐ́ς (canonical)
rhutís (romanization)
ῥῠτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥῠτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῠτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥῠτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥῠτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥῠτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥῠτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥῠτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhutísi (dative plural)
taîs rhutísin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥῠτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῠτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥῠτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥῠτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥῠτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥῠτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: rhytid

Greek: ρυτίδα (rytída)

Uncertain, but undoubtedly related to ῥυσός (rhusós, “shrivelled”).

388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 1051

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 190 E, 191 A


κνήμη

κνήμη • (knḗmē) f (genitive κνήμης); first declension

knḗmē (romanization)
κνήμης (genitive)
ἡ κνήμη (nominative singular)
τὼ κνήμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κνῆμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κνήμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνήμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνημῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κνήμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνήμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κνήμαις (dative plural)
τὴν κνήμην (accusative singular)
τὼ κνήμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κνήμᾱς (accusative plural)
κνήμη (singular vocative)
κνήμᾱ (dual vocative)
κνῆμαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”); cognate with English ham (from Proto-Germanic *hammō) and Old Irish cnáim (“bone”).


φλύκταινα

φλῠ́κταινᾰ • (phlúktaina) f (genitive φλῠκταίνης); first declension

φλῠ́κταινᾰ (canonical)
phlúktaina (romanization)
φλῠκταίνης (genitive)
ἡ φλῠ́κταινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φλῠκταίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φλῠ́κταιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φλῠκταίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φλῠκταίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φλῠκταινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φλῠκταίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φλῠκταίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φλῠκταίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φλῠ́κταινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φλῠκταίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φλῠκταίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φλῠ́κταινᾰ (singular vocative)
φλῠκταίνᾱ (dual vocative)
φλῠ́κταιναι (plural vocative)

→ English: phlyctena

→ French: phlyctène

→ Romanian: flictenă

→ Portuguese: flictena

→ Latin: phlyctaena

According to Beekes, from the Pre-Greek root *φλυκτ (*phlukt) + -αινα (-aina). See also φλυκτίς (phluktís, “boil”).


αἰγίς

αἰγῐ́ς • (aigís) f (genitive αἰγῐ́δος); third declension

αἰγῐ́ς (canonical)
aigís (romanization)
αἰγῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ αἰγῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ αἰγῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰγῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰγῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰγῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
αἰγῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs aigísi (dative plural)
taîs aigísin (dative plural)
τὴν αἰγῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
αἰγῐ́ς (singular vocative)
αἰγῐ́δε (dual vocative)
αἰγῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: αιγίδα f (aigída)

desctree

Latin: aegis
Catalan: ègida
English: aegis
French: égide
German: → Ägis, → Ägide
→ Ukrainian: егі́да (ehída)
Italian: egida
→ Polish: egida
Portuguese: égide
Romanian: egidă
Russian: эги́да (egída)
Sicilian: èggida
Spanish: égida

Either from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”) or from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”), as in a goat-skin shield. Has also been connected to ἀΐσσω (aḯssō, “to move violently”) and Sanskrit एजति (éjati, “to tremble, shake”).

der

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.738

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 404

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.189

(Greek mythology) the aegis; a shield of Zeus or cloak of Athena

480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 360

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 592

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.9.3

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, The Coan Praenotions 214


ἀντικνήμιον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον

ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον • (antiknḗmion) n (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου); second declension

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (canonical)
antiknḗmion (romanization)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνημῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓ντῐκνήμῐον

Greek: αντικνήμιο (antiknímio)

From ἀντί (antí) + κνήμη (knḗmē) + -ιον (-ion).

af

Aristotle, Historia Animalum 494a.6


οὐρήθρα

grc-noun

οὐρήθρα • (ourḗthra) f (genitive οὐρήθρας); first declension

ourḗthra (romanization)
οὐρήθρας (genitive)
ἡ οὐρήθρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρήθρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οὐρῆθραι (nominative plural)
τῆς οὐρήθρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐρήθραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρηθρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οὐρήθρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐρήθραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οὐρήθραις (dative plural)
τὴν οὐρήθρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρήθρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οὐρήθρᾱς (accusative plural)
οὐρήθρᾱ (singular vocative)
οὐρήθρᾱ (dual vocative)
οὐρῆθραι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ουρήθρα (ouríthra)

→ Latin: ūrēthra

→ English: urethra

From οὐρέω (ouréō, “I make water”) + -ήθρα (-ḗthra), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”).


αἰδοῖον

grc-noun

αἰδοῖον • (aidoîon) n (genitive αἰδοίου); second declension

aidoîon (romanization)
αἰδοίου (genitive)
τὸ αἰδοῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰδοίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ αἰδοῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰδοίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰδοίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰδοίων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰδοίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰδοίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰδοίοις (dative plural)
τὸ αἰδοῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰδοίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ αἰδοῖᾰ (accusative plural)
αἰδοῖον (singular vocative)
αἰδοίω (dual vocative)
αἰδοῖᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αιδοίο (aidoío)

Substantivization of the neuter of αἰδοῖος (aidoîos, “modest, bashful”).

(frequently in the plural) the genitals, pudenda, vulva, penis


αἱμοφόβος

haimophóbos (romanization)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter)
αἱμοφόβος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter nominative singular)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter nominative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
αἱμοφόβου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβου (genitive neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dual genitive neuter)
αἱμοφόβων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβων (genitive neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβῳ (dative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβοιν (dative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβοις (dative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
αἱμοφόβον (accusative neuter singular)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
αἱμοφόβω (accusative dual neuter)
αἱμοφόβους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
αἱμοφόβε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβον (neuter singular vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
αἱμοφόβω (dual neuter vocative)
αἱμοφόβοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
αἱμοφόβως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
αἱμοφοβώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

→ Latin: haemophobus

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + φοβέω (phobéō, “to fear”) + -ος (-os).

af

(Koine) blood-fearing, afraid of bleeding


ψώρα

grc-noun

ψώρᾱ • (psṓrā) f (genitive ψώρᾱς); first declension

ψώρᾱ (canonical)
psṓrā (romanization)
ψώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ψώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψώραις (dative plural)
τὴν ψώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψώρᾱς (accusative plural)
ψώρᾱ (singular vocative)
ψώρᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῶραι (plural vocative)

> Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)
→ Laz: მსორა (msora), სორა (sora)

→ Latin: psōra
→ English: psora (learned)
→ French: psora, psore (learned)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root of ψάω (psáō, “to rub, wipe”), ψωμός (psōmós, “morsel, bit”), ψωλός (psōlós, “circumcised”), ψωρός (psōrós, “itchy, mangy”) and ψωχός (psōkhós, “sandy”). The word has also been compared to Lithuanian sóra (“millet”).


δασύς

δᾰσῠ́ς (canonical)
dasús (romanization)
δᾰσεῖᾰ (feminine)
δᾰσύ (neuter)
δᾰσῠ́ς (masculine nominative singular)
δᾰσεῖᾰ (feminine nominative singular)
δᾰσῠ́ (neuter nominative singular)
δᾰσέε (dual masculine nominative)
δᾰσείᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
δᾰσέε (dual neuter nominative)
δᾰσεῖς (masculine nominative plural)
δᾰσεῖαι (feminine nominative plural)
δᾰσέᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
δᾰσέος (genitive masculine singular)
δᾰσείᾱς (feminine genitive singular)
δᾰσέος (genitive neuter singular)
δᾰσέοιν (dual genitive masculine)
δᾰσείαιν (dual feminine genitive)
δᾰσέοιν (dual genitive neuter)
δᾰσέων (genitive masculine plural)
δᾰσειῶν (feminine genitive plural)
δᾰσέων (genitive neuter plural)
δᾰσεῖ (dative masculine singular)
δᾰσείᾳ (dative feminine singular)
δᾰσεῖ (dative neuter singular)
δᾰσέοιν (dative dual masculine)
δᾰσείαιν (dative dual feminine)
δᾰσέοιν (dative dual neuter)
δᾰσέσῐ (dative masculine plural)
δᾰσέσῐν (dative masculine plural)
dasési (dative masculine plural)
dasésin (dative masculine plural)
δᾰσείαις (dative feminine plural)
δᾰσέσῐ (dative neuter plural)
δᾰσέσῐν (dative neuter plural)
dasési (dative neuter plural)
dasésin (dative neuter plural)
δᾰσῠ́ν (accusative masculine singular)
δᾰσεῖᾰν (accusative feminine singular)
δᾰσῠ́ (accusative neuter singular)
δᾰσέε (accusative dual masculine)
δᾰσείᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
δᾰσέε (accusative dual neuter)
δᾰσεῖς (accusative masculine plural)
δᾰσείᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
δᾰσέᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
δᾰσῠ́ (masculine singular vocative)
δᾰσεῖᾰ (feminine singular vocative)
δᾰσῠ́ (neuter singular vocative)
δᾰσέε (dual masculine vocative)
δᾰσείᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
δᾰσέε (dual neuter vocative)
δᾰσεῖς (masculine plural vocative)
δᾰσεῖαι (feminine plural vocative)
δᾰσέᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
δᾰσέως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
δᾰσῠ́τερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
δᾰσῠ́τᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From Proto-Indo-European *dn̥s-, zero-grade of *dens- (“thick, dense”). Cognate with Latin dēnsus.