Γαλιλαία

grc-proper noun

Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ • (Gălīlaíā) f (genitive Γᾰλῑλαίᾱς); first declension

Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (canonical)
Gălīlaíā (romanization)
Γᾰλῑλαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Γᾰλῑλαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Γᾰλῑλαίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Γᾰλῑλαίᾱν (accusative singular)
Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (singular vocative)

English: Galilee

French: Galilée

Greek: Γαλιλαία (Galilaía)

Latin: Galīlaea

Aghwan: 𐔲𐔰𐔾𐔼𐔾𐔴𐔰 (galilea)

Old Armenian: Գալիլեա (Galilea)

Galilee (a mountainous geographic region in northern Israel)


Ἔφεσος

Ἔφεσος • (Éphesos) f (genitive Ἐφέσου); second declension

Éphesos (romanization)
Ἐφέσου (genitive)
ἡ Ἔφεσος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἐφέσου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἐφέσῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἔφεσον (accusative singular)
Ἔφεσε (singular vocative)

Greek: Έφεσος (Éfesos)

→ Armenian: Եփեսոս (Epʻesos)

→ Latin: Ephesus

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: افس (efes)
Turkish: Efes

From Luwian Apa-ša ("later-city"), cognates with ἐπί ("on, over").

Ephesus (an ancient Ionian city in western Anatolia, near Selçuk in modern İzmir Province, Turkey)


Ἀσία

grc-proper noun

Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ • (Ăsĭ́ā) f (genitive Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Ăsĭ́ā (romanization)
Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
Ἀσίη (alternative Ionic)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲥⲓⲁ (asia)

Greek: Ασία (Asía)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰 (asia)

desctree

→ Latin: Āsia
→ Middle English: Asia, Asie (also via Old French)
English: Asia
→ Old French: Asie
French: Asie

Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja). There is no current consensus on the origin of the word. It originally applied only to Anatolia, and was later extended to its current definition. Likely an extension from or related to Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/, “northwest Anatolia”) of uncertain origin, but perhaps from:
*A proposed Aegean language family word asis, meaning “muddy” or “silty”, as reference to the silty eastern shores of the Aegean sea.
* Akkadian 𒀀𒍮 (a-ṣu, “to go out, to rise”) (compare Hebrew יצא (yatsá)), a reference to the rising sun, hence “land of the sunrise”; this is however potentially problematic as the Aššuwa league was west not east of the Hittite polity. Compare also Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).
* Alternatively from the same Akkadian, in the sense of “rising, rising up, to leave, to depart”. The Aššuwa league was formed after initial Hittite incursions into the western peninsula as a coalition to balk advancement; described as a rebellion, an uprising or a breaking away of lands on the fringe of Hittite control. A reconciliation between the two could be found as one sense providing the meaning for western Asia-minor in the Hittite view and the other for the sense of the direction in a general sense by the Akkadian terminology. For the early Greeks both the league and the sunrise coincided in the same direction.
More at Asia, Assuwa.

der

Anatolia, Asia Minor (an ancient region of Western Asia, approximately covering the area of modern Turkey)

Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


ἐκκλησία

grc-noun

ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ • (ekklēsĭ́ā) f (genitive ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
ekklēsĭ́ā (romanization)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐκκλησῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
ἐκκλησῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
ἐκκλησῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐκκλησῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
ἐκκλησῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐκκλησῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐκκλησῐ́αι (plural vocative)
ἐκκλεισῐ́ᾱ (alternative)

Greek: εκκλησία (ekklisía)

→ Arabic: القُلَّيْس (al-qullays)

→ Ateso: ekeresia

→ Azerbaijani: kilsə

→ Coptic: ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (ekklēsia)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 (aikklēsjō)

→ Hawaiian: ʻekalekia

→ Hindi: कलीसिया (kalīsiyā)

→ Ladino: kilisia

→ Latin: ecclēsia (see there for further descendants)

→ Luganda: ekelezia

→ Niuean: ekalesia

→ Old Armenian: եկեղեցի (ekełecʻi) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ეკლესიაჲ (eḳlesiay), ეკკლესიაჲ (eḳḳlesiay)

Georgian: ეკლესია (eḳlesia)

→ Persian: کِلیسا (kelisâ)

→ Samoan: ekalesia

→ Turkish: kilise

→ Urdu: کلیسیا (kalīsiyā)

→ Western Neo-Aramaic: ܟܠܹܣܝܐ (klēsya)

→ Zazaki: kilıse

From ἔκκλητος (ékklētos, “summoned”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, abstract noun suffix), from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaléō, “to call forth, summon”), from ἐκ (ek) + καλέω (kaléō). The τ (t) changes to σ (s) by palatalization and assibilation, triggered by the following ι (i).


Καππαδοκία

grc-proper noun

Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱς

Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱ • (Kappadokĭ́ā) f (genitive Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Kappadokĭ́ā (romanization)
Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Καππαδοκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Καππαδοκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
Καππαδοκῐ́η (alternative Ionic)

desc

→ Old Armenian: Կապադովկիա (Kapadovkia), Կապադոկիա (Kapadokia)

From Old Persian 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 (k-t-p-tu-u-k /katpatuka/).

bor

Cappadocia (a historical region and ancient kingdom in central Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey)

Cappadocia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 18 AD until the 7th century)


Ῥώμη

grc-proper noun

Ῥώμη • (Rhṓmē) f (genitive Ῥώμης); first declension

Rhṓmē (romanization)
Ῥώμης (genitive)
ἡ Ῥώμη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῥώμης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῥώμῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῥώμην (accusative singular)
Ῥώμη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)

→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)

→ Aramaic: רומא

desc

Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ

Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)

→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)

Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)

→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)

→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)

→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)

Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)

desctree

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)


Βαβυλών

grc-proper noun

Βᾰβῠλών • (Băbŭlṓn) f (genitive Βᾰβῠλῶνος); third declension

Βᾰβῠλών (canonical)
Băbŭlṓn (romanization)
Βᾰβῠλῶνος (genitive)
ἡ Βᾰβῠλών (nominative singular)
τῆς Βᾰβῠλῶνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Βᾰβῠλῶνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Βᾰβῠλῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
Βᾰβῠλών (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: Βαβυλών (Vavylón), Βαβυλώνα (Vavylóna)

Latin: Babylōn

Russian: Вавилон (Vavilon)

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)


Βηθλεέμ

Bēthleém (romanization)
ἡ Βηθλεέμ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βηθλεέμ (genitive singular)
τῇ Βηθλεέμ (dative singular)
τὴν Βηθλεέμ (accusative singular)
Βηθλεέμ (singular vocative)
Βαιθλεέμ (alternative)
Βαιθλάεμ (alternative)

Greek: Βηθλεέμ (Vithleém)

→ Aghwan: 𐔱𐔴𐔸𐔾𐔰𐕆𐔴𐕌 (betlahem)

→ Latin: Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, Bēthlēēm, Bēthlehem, Bēthlem (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: Բեթղեհէմ (Betʻłehēm)

→ Old Church Slavonic: Витьлеемъ (Vitĭlejemŭ), Виѳлеемь (Viθlejemĭ), Витьлѣима (Vitĭlěima)

→ Old Georgian: ბეთლემი (betlemi)

→ Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼 (bēþlaihaim)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bêṯ leḥem).

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Γάζα

grc-proper noun

Γᾰ́ζᾰ • (Gắză) f (genitive Γᾰ́ζης); first declension

Γᾰ́ζᾰ (canonical)
Gắză (romanization)
Γᾰ́ζης (genitive)
ἡ Γᾰ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Γᾰ́ζης (genitive singular)
τῇ Γᾰ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Γᾰ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
Γᾰ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Γάζα (Gáza)

→ Arabic: غَزَّة (ḡazza) (possibly)

→ Classical Syriac: ܓܵܙܵܐ (possibly)

→ English: Gaza

→ Latin: Gaza

→ Coptic: Ⲅⲁⲍⲁ (Gaza)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew עַזָּה (ʿazzā), which at the time (ca. 3rd century BCE) was pronounced something like /ɣɑˈzːɑː/ or /ʁɑˈzːɑː/.

Gaza (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant)


Δαμασκός

Δαμασκός • (Damaskós) f (genitive Δαμασκοῦ); second declension

Damaskós (romanization)
Δαμασκοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Δαμασκός (nominative singular)
τῆς Δαμασκοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Δαμασκῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Δαμασκόν (accusative singular)
Δαμασκέ (singular vocative)

Armenian: Դամասկոս (Damaskos)

English: Damascus

French: Damas

Greek: Δαμασκός (Damaskós)

Latin: Damascus

Polish: Damaszek

Of Northwest Semitic origin. See Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק (dammeśeq).

a city in modern Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE


Θεσσαλονίκη

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κης

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη • (Thessălonī́kē) f (genitive Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κης); first declension

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη (canonical)
Thessălonī́kē (romanization)
Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κης (genitive)
ἡ Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη (nominative singular)
τῆς Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κης (genitive singular)
τῇ Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κην (accusative singular)
Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη (singular vocative)
Σαλονίκη (alternative Byzantine)

grc-decl

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη

→ Aghwan: 𐔸𐔴𐕚𐔰𐔾𐕒𐕎𐔼𐕄𐔴 (tesaloniḳe)

→ Catalan: Tessalònica

→ Danish: Thessaloniki

→ Dutch: Thessaloniki

→ Finnish: Thessaloniki

desctree

→ French: Thessalonique
→ Persian: تسالونیک (tesâlonik)

→ Galician: Tesalónica

→ German: Thessalonike

desc

𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰

→ Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰 (þaissalauneika)

desctree

Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki)
→ English: Thessaloniki
→ Chinese: 塞薩洛尼基 /塞萨洛尼基 (Sàisàluòníjī)
→ German: Thessaloniki
→ Low German: Thessaloniki

→ Hungarian: Theszaloníki

→ Indonesian: Thessaloniki, Tesalonika

→ Irish: Teasaloinicé

→ Italian: Tessalonica

→ Japanese: テッサロニキ (Tessaroniki)

→ Korean: 테살로니키 (Tesalloniki)

→ Latin: Thessalonica

→ English: Thessalonica

→ Latvian: Thessaloniki

→ Lithuanian: Tesalonikai

→ Norwegian: Thessaloniki

→ Polish: Thessaloniki

desc

Фессало́ники

→ Russian: Фессало́ники (Fessalóniki)

→ Spanish: Tesalónica

→ Swedish: Thessaloniki

→ Tagalog: Thessaloníki

→ Ukrainian: Тессалоніки (Tessaloniky)

→ Welsh: Thessaloníci

From Θεσσᾰλός (Thessălós, “Thessalian”) + νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”). The woman was named by her father, Philip II, in honor of his military victory in Thessaly, and later the city was named after her by Cassander, her husband.

af

Thessaloniki (a city in the region of Macedonia, Greece)


Ἱεράπολις

grc-proper noun

Ἱερᾱ́πολις • (Hierā́polis) f (genitive Ἱερᾱπόλεως); third declension

Ἱερᾱ́πολις (canonical)
Hierā́polis (romanization)
Ἱερᾱπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Ῐ̔ερᾱ́πολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῐ̔ερᾱπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῐ̔ερᾱπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Ῐ̔ερᾱ́πολῐν (accusative singular)
Ῐ̔ερᾱ́πολῐ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ιεράπολη (Ierápoli)

From ἱερός (hierós, “holy”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


Κιλικία

grc-proper noun

Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱ • (Kĭlĭkĭ́ā) f (genitive Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Kĭlĭkĭ́ā (romanization)
Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Κῐλῐκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Κιλικία (Kilikía)

Latin: Cilicia

Russian: Килики́я (Kilikíja)

Turkish: Kilikya

From Κῐ́λῐξ (Kĭ́lĭx) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā). Compare Akkadian 𒆳𒄭𒋃𒆪 (Ḫilakku, Ḫilikku).

af

Κῐ́λῐξ (Kĭ́lĭx) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Cilicia (an ancient region in southeastern Asia Minor in modern Turkey, famed for cilice, i.e. haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats)


Κολοσσαί

grc-proper noun

Κολοσσαί • (Kolossaí) f pl (genitive Κολοσσῶν); first declension

Kolossaí (romanization)
Κολοσσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κολοσσαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κολοσσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κολοσσαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κολοσσᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κολοσσαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κολοσσές (Kolossés)

Apparently feminine plural of κολοσσός (kolossós, “colossal”).

Colossae, a city in Phrygia, a region in Asia Minor


Λαοδίκεια

Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ • (Lāodĭ́keiă) f (genitive Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς); first declension

Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (canonical)
Lāodĭ́keiă (romanization)
Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Λᾱοδῐκείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰν (accusative singular)
Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (singular vocative)

desc

اللَّاذِقِيَّة

→ Arabic: اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya)

→ Latin: Laodicea
French: Laodicée

Laodicea, the name of numerous Hellenistic cities, generally named after one of many women by the name of Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē) (Laodice).


Μίλητος

grc-proper noun

Μῑ́λητος • (Mī́lētos) f (genitive Μῑλήτου); second declension

Μῑ́λητος (canonical)
Mī́lētos (romanization)
Μῑλήτου (genitive)
ἡ Μῑ́λητος (nominative singular)
τῆς Μῑλήτου (genitive singular)
τῇ Μῑλήτῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Μῑ́λητον (accusative singular)
Μῑ́λητε (singular vocative)
Μίλλατος (alternative Aeolic)

Greek: Μίλητος (Mílitos) (Militos)

Latin: Mīlētus

Polish: Milet

Turkish: Milet

Of Anatolian origin, possibly related to the Hittite 𒈪𒂖𒆷𒉿𒀭𒁕 (Millawanda).
Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀖𐀨𐀴𐀍 (mi-ra-ti-jo, “Miletian”), 𐀖𐀨𐀴𐀊 (mi-ra-ti-ja, “women from Miletus”).

cog

Miletus, an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia.


Πόντος

grc-proper noun

Πόντος • (Póntos) m (genitive Πόντου); second declension

Póntos (romanization)
Πόντου (genitive)
ὁ Πόντος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Πόντου (genitive singular)
τῷ Πόντῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Πόντον (accusative singular)
Πόντε (singular vocative)

German: Pontos

Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

Pontic Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

→ Latin: Pontus
→ English: Pontus

→ Old Georgian: პონტოჲ (ṗonṭoy)

→ Persian: پنطس (Pontos), بنطس (Bontos)

Ottoman Turkish: پنطس (Pontos)

→ Turkish: Pontos

From πόντος (póntos, “sea”), attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to). Homeric Greek used πόντος (póntos) for any sea but it later began to refer specifically to the Black Sea and then to the Hellenic kingdom on its southeastern shore.

Pontus (an ancient kingdom and cultural region covering the eastern half of the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Anatolia in modern Turkey; traditionally Greek-speaking)

Bithynia et Pontus
Bithynia et Pontus#English

(historical) Pontus (a former province of the Roman Empire covering the western half of the Pontus region unified with Bithynia; in full, Bithynia et Pontus)


Φρυγία

Φρῠγῐ́ᾱ • (Phrŭgĭ́ā) f (genitive Φρῠγῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Φρῠγῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Phrŭgĭ́ā (romanization)
Φρῠγῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Φρῠγῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Φρῠγῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Φρῠγῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Φρῠγῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Φρῠγῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Φρυγία (Frygía)

desctree

Latin: Phrygia
Catalan: Frígia
Galician: Frixia
Italian: Frigia
Portuguese: Frígia
Spanish: Frigia

Parthian: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭊𐭀𐭉𐭀 (Frūgiyā)

Turkish: Frigya

From Φρῠ́ξ (Phrŭ́x, “Phrygian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

af

(historical) Phrygia (a geographic region and ancient kingdom in the west central part of Asia Minor, in what is now modern-day Turkey)


Ἀντιόχεια

grc-proper noun

Ᾰ̓ντῐόχειᾰ • (Ăntĭókheiă) f (genitive Ἀντῐοχείᾱς); first declension

Ᾰ̓ντῐόχειᾰ (canonical)
Ăntĭókheiă (romanization)
Ἀντῐοχείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓ντῐόχειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓ντῐοχείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓ντῐοχείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓ντῐόχειᾰν (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓ντῐόχειᾰ (singular vocative)

desctree

أَنْطَاكِيَة

→ Arabic: أَنْطَاكِيَة (ʔanṭākiya)
→ Azerbaijani: Əntakiyə
→ Bengali: আন্তাকিয়া (antakiẏa)
→ Chagatai: انطاکیه
Uyghur: ئەنتاكىيە (entakiye)
Uzbek: Antokiya
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: अन्ताकिया (antākiyā)
Urdu: اَنْطاکِیَہ (antākiya)
→ Ottoman Turkish: انطاكیه (Entâkiye, Antâkiye)
Turkish: Antakya
→ Persian: انطاکیه (antâkiye)
→ Punjabi:
Shahmukhi script: اَنْطاکِیَہ (ant̤ākiyah)

desc

→ Bulgarian: Антиохия (Antiohija), Антакия (Antakija)

→ Czech: Antiochie

→ Danish: Antiokia

→ Dutch: Antiochië

→ English: Antiokheia

→ Finnish: Antiokia

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌰 (antiaukia)

Greek: Αντιόχεια (Antiócheia)

→ Hebrew: אנטיוכיה (Antiokhia), אנטקיה (Antaqya)

→ Hungarian: Antiochia

→ Japanese: アンティオケイア (Antiokeia), アンタキヤ (Antakiya)

→ Korean: 안티오키아 (Antiokia), 안타키아 (Antakia)

desctree

→ Latin: Antiochīa, Antiochēa
Catalan: Antioquia
→ English: Antiochia
Esperanto: Antioĥio
Old French: Antioche
French: Antioche
→ Middle English: Antioche
English: Antioch
German: Antiochia
Italian: Antiochia
Old English: Antiochia
Portuguese: Antioquia
Romanian: Antiohia
Spanish: Antioquía

→ Norwegian: Antiokia

→ Old Armenian: Անտիոք (Antiokʻ)

→ Polish: Antiochia

→ Russian: Антио́хия (Antióxija), Антіо́хія (Antióxija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: Antioxiya
→ Uzbek: Antioxiya

→ Serbo-Croatian: Антиохија, Antiohija

→ Slovene: Antiohija

→ Swedish: Antiochia

→ Welsh: Antiochia

From Ᾰ̓ντῐ́οχος (Ăntĭ́okhos, “Antiochus”) + -ειᾰ (-eiă), name of several Seleucid kings.

etymon

Ᾰ̓ντῐ́οχος>name

af

Antioch, the name of a number of ancient cities founded by Seleucus I Nicator and named in honor of his father Antiochus:

Antioch on the Orontes, the most famous.


Νικόπολις

grc-proper noun

Νῑκόπολῐς • (Nīkópolĭs) f (genitive Νῑκοπόλεως); third declension

Νῑκόπολῐς (canonical)
Nīkópolĭs (romanization)
Νῑκοπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Νῑκόπολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Νῑκοπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Νῑκοπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Νῑκόπολῐν (accusative singular)
Νῑκόπολῐ (singular vocative)

→ Bulgarian: Никопол (Nikopol)

→ Greek: Νικόπολη (Nikópoli)

→ Latin: Nicopolis
→ English: Nicopolis

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نیگبولی (Niğbolu)
Turkish: Niğbolu

→ Turkish: Nikopolis

From νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

af

(historical) Nicopolis (a city in the Roman Empire), the modern Preveza.


Ἀθῆναι

grc-proper noun

Ἀθῆναι • (Athênai) f (genitive Ἀθηνῶν); first declension

Athênai (romanization)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἀθήναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)
αἱ Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀθηνέων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν Ἀθήνῃσῐ (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ Athḗnēisĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ Athḗnēisĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)
Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
Ἀθηνᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνέ͜ων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐ (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐν (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃς (dative plural)
Ἀθήναις (dative plural)
Athḗnēisĭ (dative plural)
Athḗnēisĭn (dative plural)
Athḗnēis (dative plural)
Athḗnais (dative plural)
Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)
Ἀθᾶναι (alternative Doric)

Albanian: Athina

desc

Arabic: أَثِينَا (ʔaṯīnā)

Arabic: أَثِينَا (ʔaṯīnā)

Armenian: Աթենք (Atʻenkʻ)

Aromanian: Athena

Azerbaijani: Afina

Belarusian: Афіны (Afiny), Атэны (Ateny)

Bulgarian: Ати́на (Atína)

English: Athens

French: Athènes
→ Persian: آتن (âten)

German: Athen

Greek: Αθήνα (Athína)

Hebrew: אתונה (Atuna)

Italian: Atene

Latin: Athēnae
Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Macedonian: Атина (Atina)

Polish: Ateny

Romanian: Atena

Russian: Афи́ны (Afíny)

Serbo-Croatian: Ате́на, Aténa

Sicilian: Atini

Turkish: Atina

Ukrainian: Афі́ни (Afíny), Ате́ни (Atény)

Venetan: Atene


Ἰορδάνης

grc-proper noun

Ἰορδάνης • (Iordánēs) m (genitive Ἰορδάνου); first declension

Iordánēs (romanization)
Ἰορδάνου (genitive)
ὁ Ἰορδάνης (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἰορδάνου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἰορδάνην (accusative singular)
Ἰορδάνη (singular vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ (iordanēs)

Greek: Ιορδάνης (Iordánis)

→ Latin: Iordanes

→ English: Jordan

→ Italian: Giordano

→ Polish: Jordan

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Συράκουσαι

Συρᾱ́κουσαι • (Surā́kousai) f pl (genitive Συρακουσῶν); first declension

Συρᾱ́κουσαι (canonical)
Surā́kousai (romanization)
Συρακουσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Σῠρᾱκουσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Σῠρᾱκούσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σῠρᾱκούσᾱς (accusative plural)
Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Συρακούσες (Syrakoúses)

desc

→ Arabic: سِرْقُوسة (sirqūsa), سِيرَاقُوسة (sīrāqūsa)

desctree

→ Latin: Syrācūsae
Italian: Siracusa
→ Armenian: Սիրակուզա (Sirakuza)
→ Georgian: სირაკუზა (siraḳuza)
→ Japanese: シラクサ (Shirakusa), シラクーザ (Shirakūza)
Sicilian: Saragusa, Sarausa (pronunciation spelling), Siragusa, Sirausa (Italianization)
→ Italian: Siragusa
→ English: Siragusa
→ Catalan: Siracusa
→ Czech: Syrakusy
→ Finnish: Syrakusa
→ French: Syracuse
→ English: Syracuse
→ Italian: Syracuse
→ Japanese: シラキュース (Shirakyūsu)
→ Mandarin: 錫拉丘茲 /锡拉丘兹 (Xīlāqiūzī, Xílāqiūzī)
→ Portuguese: Syracuse
→ Occitan: Siracusa
→ Polish: Syrakuzy
→ Portuguese: Siracusa
→ Spanish: Siracusa
→ Ukrainian: Сираку́зи (Syrakúzy)

→ Old Armenian: Սիրակուսէ (Sirakusē)

→ Armenian: Սիրակուսե (Sirakuse)

Attested by 8th century BC, from a Pre-Greek word, possibly Phoenician 𐤔𐤄𐤓𐤀𐤇 (šhrʾḥ, “to feel ill”) in reference to the port's proximity to a swamp.

Syracuse (a city and port in Sicily; an ancient Doric city-state in Magna Graecia)


Μεσοποταμία

grc-proper noun

Μεσοποταμίᾱς

Μεσοποταμίᾱ • (Mesopotamíā) f (genitive Μεσοποταμίᾱς); first declension

Μεσοποταμίᾱ (canonical)
Mesopotamíā (romanization)
Μεσοποταμίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Μεσοποτᾰμίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱν (accusative singular)
Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱ (singular vocative)

→ Latin: Mesopotamia

→ Catalan: Mesopotàmia

→ English: Mesopotamia

The feminine substantive form of the adjective μεσοποτάμιος (mesopotámios) from μέσος (mésos, “middle, between”) and ποταμός (potamós, “river”), compare with the Hebrew אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם.

noncog

אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם

Hebrew אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


ναός

grc-noun

νᾱός • (nāós) m (genitive νᾱοῦ); second declension

νᾱός (canonical)
nāós (romanization)
νᾱοῦ (genitive)
ὁ νᾱός (nominative singular)
νᾱώ (dual nominative)
τοὶ νᾱοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ νᾱοῖο (genitive singular)
νᾱοῖν (dual genitive)
νᾱῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νᾱῷ (dative singular)
νᾱοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νᾱοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν νᾱόν (accusative singular)
νᾱώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νᾱούς (accusative plural)
νᾱέ (singular vocative)
νᾱώ (dual vocative)
νᾱοί (plural vocative)
νεώς (alternative Attic)
νηός (alternative Ionic)
ναῦος (alternative Aeolic)
νᾱϝός (alternative Laconian)

Greek: ναός (naós)

→ Aramaic:

Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡮𐡥𐡯𐡠 (nwsʾ)

Classical Syriac: ܢܘܣܐ (nawsā)

→ Arabic: نَاوُوس (nāwūs)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܢܐܘܣܐ

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: נווסה

Jewish Literary Aramaic: נוסא (nawsā)

→ English: naos

→ Persian: ناوس (nâvos)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناوس (navus)

From Proto-Hellenic *nahwós, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *nes- (“to join with, to conceal oneself”) and related to ναίω (naíō, “to dwell”), νέομαι (néomai, “to go or come back”). However, the existence of rare variants ναιός (naiós) and νειός (neiós) suggest a possible Pre-Greek origin.

der

οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ναὸς θεοῦ ἐστε καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν;

53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 3:16

1887 translation by Edwin Palmer
Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?

ouk oídate hóti naòs theoû este kaì tò pneûma toû theoû oikeî en humîn?

innermost part of a temple, sanctuary, the part of the temple considered most pure and holy


Καφαρναούμ

grc-proper noun

Καφαρναούμ • (Kapharnaoúm) f (indeclinable)

Kapharnaoúm (romanization)
Καπαρναούμ (alternative)
Καπερναούμ (alternative)

→ Latin: Capharnāum

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew כְּפַר נַחוּם (kəp̄ar naḥūm, “Nahum's village”).

bor

כְּפַר נַחוּם

Capernaum (an ancient town in Galilee, Israel, a biblical and archaeological site)


Κῦρος

grc-proper noun

Κῦρος • (Kûros) m (genitive Κῡ́ρου); second declension

→ Latin: Cyrus

→ Russian: Кура́ (Kurá)

→ English: Kura

Related to Old Armenian Կուր (Kur). Perhaps from Urartian 𒆳𒄣𒊑𒀀𒉌 (ᴷᵁᴿqu-ri-a-ni /Quriani/), a land possibly in the upper reaches of the Kura river.

der

Caucasian Albania
Caucasian Albania#English

Kura (a river in the Armenian Highland forming the boundary between Armenia and Caucasian Albania)


Ἀρκαδία

grc-proper noun

Ἀρκᾰδίᾱ • (Arkădíā) f (genitive Ἀρκᾰδίᾱς); first declension

Ἀρκᾰδίᾱ (canonical)
Arkădíā (romanization)
Ἀρκᾰδίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀρκᾰδίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀρκᾰδίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀρκᾰδίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀρκᾰδίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀρκᾰδίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αρκαδία (Arkadía)

→ Latin: Arcadia (see there for further descendants)

Coptic: ⲁⲣⲕⲁⲇⲓⲁ (arkadia)

Named after Ἀρκάς (Arkás, “Arcas”), son of Zeus and king of Arcadia, from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀏 (a-ka), 𐀀𐀏𐀆 (a-ka-de), from Proto-Hellenic *árktos (“bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Arcadia (an ancient region of Peloponnese, in modern Greece)


Ἄκανθος

Ᾰ̓́κᾰνθος • (Ắkănthos) m or f (genitive Ᾰ̓κᾰ́νθου); second declension

Ᾰ̓́κᾰνθος (canonical)
Ắkănthos (romanization)
Ᾰ̓κᾰ́νθου (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓́κᾰνθος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓κᾰ́νθου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓κᾰ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓́κᾰνθον (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓́κᾰνθε (singular vocative)

Greek: Άκανθος (Ákanthos); Άχανθος (Áchanthos)

Latin: Acanthus

Acanthus (a town in Bybassus, Caria, modern-day Turkey)


Θρᾴκη

Θρᾴκη • (Thrā́ikē) f (genitive Θρᾴκης); first declension

Thrā́ikē (romanization)
Θρᾴκης (genitive)
ἡ Θρᾴκη (nominative singular)
τῆς Θρᾴκης (genitive singular)
τῇ Θρᾴκῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Θρᾴκην (accusative singular)
Θρᾴκη (singular vocative)
Θρῄκη (alternative poetic)

Bulgarian: Тракия (Trakija)

Greek: Θράκη (Thráki)

Latin: Thrācia

Romanian: Tracia

Turkish: Trakya

From Θρᾷξ (Thrâix, “Thracian”) + -η (-ē).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Thrace (a historical region of Southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey)


Κερασοῦς

Κερᾰσοῦς • (Kerăsoûs) m (genitive Κερᾰσοῦντος); third declension

Κερᾰσοῦς (canonical)
Kerăsoûs (romanization)
Κερᾰσοῦντος (genitive)
ὁ Κερᾰσοῦς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Κερᾰσοῦντος (genitive singular)
τῷ Κερᾰσοῦντῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Κερᾰσοῦντᾰ (accusative singular)
Κερᾰσοῦν (singular vocative)

Greek: Κερασούς (Kerasoús); Κερασούντα (Kerasoúnta)

→ English: Cerasus; Kerasunt

→ Latin: Cerasus

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گیرهسون (Giresun)
Turkish: Giresun
→ English: Giresun
→ Armenian: Կիրէսուն (Kirēsun), Քիրէսուն (Kʻirēsun)

From κέρασος (kérasos, “cherry”) + -οῦς (-oûs, “-ful”).

af

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 12.3.17


Κολχίς

grc-proper noun

Κολχῐ́ς • (Kolkhĭ́s) f (genitive Κολχῐ́δος); third declension

Κολχῐ́ς (canonical)
Kolkhĭ́s (romanization)
Κολχῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Κολχῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Κολχῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Κολχῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Κολχῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Κολχῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Κολχίδα (Kolchída)

→ Italian: Colchide

→ Portuguese: Cólquida

→ Russian: Колхида (Kolxida)

→ Armenian: Կոլխիդա (Kolxida)

→ Romanian: Colchida

→ Spanish: Cólquide

→ Turkish: Kolhida

→ Georgian: კოლხეთი (ḳolxeti)

→ Azerbaijani: Kolheti

→ Laz: კოლხეთი (ǩolxeti)

→ Turkish: Kolheti

→ Greek: Κολχίς (Kolchís)

→ Latin: Colchis

→ Danish: Kolchis

→ English: Colchis

→ French: Colchis

→ German: Kolchis

→ Hungarian: Kolkhisz

→ Romanian: Colchis

→ Old Armenian: Կողքիս (Kołkʻis)

Armenian: Կողքիս (Koġkʻis)

→ Turkish: Kolhis, Kolha

(historical) Colchis (a historical region and ancient Georgian kingdom on the coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus on the border between Europe and Asia, corresponding to what is now western Georgia (including Abkhazia), as well as parts of Russia and Turkey)


Βυζάντιον

Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον • (Būzắntĭon) n (genitive Βῡζᾰντῐ́ου); second declension

Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (canonical)
Būzắntĭon (romanization)
Βῡζᾰντῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Βῡζᾰντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Βῡζᾰντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (accusative singular)
Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (singular vocative)

desc

بُوزَنْطِيَة

بُوزَنْطِيَا

Arabic: بُوزَنْطِيَة (būzanṭiya), بُوزَنْطِيَا (būzanṭiyā)

English: Byzantium

French: Byzance

Βυζάντιο (Vyzántio)

Greek: Βυζάντιον (Vyzántion), Βυζάντιο (Vyzántio)

Latin: Bȳzantion, Bȳzantium

Latvian: Bizantija

Polish: Bizancjum

Romanian: Bizanț

Russian: Византи́я (Vizantíja)

Turkish: Bizans

From Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās, “Byzas”) + -ῐον (-ĭon), after the city's legendary founder.

Byzantium (an ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, renamed Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul)


Κωνσταντινούπολις

grc-proper noun

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς • (Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs) f (genitive Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως); third declension

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (canonical)
Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs (romanization)
Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐν (accusative singular)
Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

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Κωνσταντινούπολη

> Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολη (Konstantinoúpoli) (inherited)

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الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

→ Arabic: الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya)
→ Azerbaijani: Qüstəntiniyyə
→ Malay: قسطنطینیه, Kustantiniyah
→ Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه (Kostantiniyye)
→ Classical Persian: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
→ Bengali: কুস্তুন্তুনিয়া (kustuntuniẏa)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ुस्तुंतुनिया (qustuntuniyā)
Urdu: قسطنطنیہ (qustuntuniyā)
Dari: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
Iranian Persian: قسطنطنیه (qostantaniye)
Tajik: Қустантиния (Qustantiniya), Қустантания (Qustantaniya)
→ Uzbek: Qustantiniya
→ Urdu: قُسْطَنْطِینِیَہ (qusṭanṭīniya)

→ Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis
→ French: Constantinople
→ Korean: 콘스탄티노폴리스 (konseutantinopolliseu)

→ English: Constantinople

Կոստանդնուպօլիս

→ Old Armenian: Կոստանդնուպօլիս (Kostandnupōlis), Կոստանդինուպօլիս (Kostandinupōlis), Կոստանդնապօլիս (Kostandnapōlis), Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis), Կոստանդնուպաւլիս (Kostandnupawlis)
Armenian: Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis)

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Константинополь

→ Russian: Константинополь (Konstantinopolʹ)

→ Turkish: Konstantinopolis

From the phrase Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου (Kōnstăntī́nou, “Constantine's”, genitive) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

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Κωνστᾰντῖνος

Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


Χαλκιδική

grc-proper noun

Χᾰλκῐδῐκή • (Khălkĭdĭkḗ) f (genitive Χαλκῐδῐκῆς); first declension

Χᾰλκῐδῐκή (canonical)
Khălkĭdĭkḗ (romanization)
Χαλκῐδῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ Χᾰλκῐδῐκή (nominative singular)
τῆς Χᾰλκῐδῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Χᾰλκῐδῐκῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Χᾰλκῐδῐκήν (accusative singular)
Χᾰλκῐδῐκή (singular vocative)

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English: Chalcidice, Chalkidiki, Halkidiki

Greek: Χαλκιδική (Chalkidikí)

Latin: Chalcidicē

From Χᾰλκῐδῐκός (Khălkĭdĭkós) + -η (-ē). From χαλκός (khalkós) + δίκη (díkē), or Χαλκιδ- (Khalkid-) (from Χαλκίς (Khalkís)) + -ικός (-ikós) + -η (-ē).

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Χᾰλκῐδῐκός (Khălkĭdĭkós) + -η (-ē)

Chalcidice, Chalkidiki (a region of Greece)


Θήρα

grc-proper noun

Θήρᾱ • (Thḗrā) f (genitive Θήρᾱς); first declension

Θήρᾱ (canonical)
Thḗrā (romanization)
Θήρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Θήρᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Θήρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Θήρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Θήρᾱν (accusative singular)
Θήρᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Θήρα (Thíra)

→ Latin: Thēra

→ English: Thera

Thira, Santorini (an island in the Cyclades, Greece)


Κόρινθος

Κόρῐνθος • (Kórĭnthos) f (genitive Κορῐ́νθου); second declension

Κόρῐνθος (canonical)
Kórĭnthos (romanization)
Κορῐ́νθου (genitive)
ἡ Κόρῐνθος (nominative singular)
τῆς Κορῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τῇ Κορῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κόρῐνθον (accusative singular)
Κόρῐνθε (singular vocative)
Ϙόρινθος (alternative Doric)
Ϙ (alternative)

Greek: Κόρινθος (Kórinthos)

Latin: Corinthus

English: Corinth

Ottoman Turkish: كوردوس (Gördüs)

From Pre-Greek *kar (“point, peak”), from which Ancient Greek κόρυς (kórus, “helmet”). The suffix -νθος (-nthos) indicates the source as a lost pre-Indo-European language.


Κυρηναϊκή

Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κή • (Kūrēnăĭ̈kḗ) f (genitive Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κῆς); first declension

Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κή (canonical)
Kūrēnăĭ̈kḗ (romanization)
Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κῆς (genitive)
ἡ Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κή (nominative singular)
τῆς Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κήν (accusative singular)
Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κή (singular vocative)

From Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κός (Kūrēnăĭ̈kós, “Cyrenean, adj.”) + -ή (-ḗ, “-a: forming feminine nouns”), from Κῡρηναῖος (Kūrēnaîos, “Cyrenean, n.”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”), from Κυρήνη (Kurḗnē, “Cyrene”) + -ιος (-ios, “-y: forming demonyms”), q.v.

suffix

Cyrenaica (a geographic region, an and former province of northeastern Libya; in modern usage, extended to the entire eastern portion of Libya)


Σπάρτη

grc-proper noun

Σπᾰ́ρτη • (Spắrtē) f (genitive Σπᾰ́ρτης); first declension

Σπᾰ́ρτη (canonical)
Spắrtē (romanization)
Σπᾰ́ρτης (genitive)
ἡ Σπᾰ́ρτη (nominative singular)
τῆς Σπᾰ́ρτης (genitive singular)
τῇ Σπᾰ́ρτῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Σπᾰ́ρτην (accusative singular)
Σπᾰ́ρτη (singular vocative)
Σπᾰ́ρτᾱ (alternative Doric)

→ Afrikaans: Sparta

→ Arabic: إِسْبَرْطَة (ʔisbarṭa)

→ Asturian: Esparta

→ Basque: Esparta

→ Breton: Sparta

→ Bulgarian: Спарта (Sparta)

→ Catalan: Esparta

→ Czech: Sparta

→ Danish: Sparta

→ Dutch: Sparta

→ English: Sparta

→ Esperanto: Sparto

→ Estonian: Sparta

→ Finnish: Sparta

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→ French: Sparte
→ Persian: اسپارت (espârt)

→ Galician: Esparta

→ German: Sparta

Greek: Σπάρτη (Spárti)

→ Hebrew: ספרטה

→ Hungarian: Spárta

→ Icelandic: Sparta

→ Irish: Sparta

→ Italian: Sparta

→ Japanese: スパルタ

→ Korean: 스파르타 (Seupareuta)

→ Latin: Sparta

→ Lithuanian: Sparta

→ Lombard: Sparta

→ Luxembourgish: Sparta

→ Manx: Sparta

→ Norwegian: Sparta

→ Polish: Sparta

→ Portuguese: Esparta

→ Romanian: Sparta

→ Russian: Спа́рта (Spárta)

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Spȃrta/Спа̑рта

→ Serbo-Croatian: Spȃrta/Спа̑рта

→ Slovak: Sparta

→ Slovene: Šparta, Sparta

→ Spanish: Esparta

→ Swedish: Sparta

→ Turkish: Sparta

→ Ukrainian: Спа́рта (Spárta)

→ Welsh: Sparta

Uncertain, but possibly from σπάρτον (spárton, “rope, cable”), a reference to the cords laid as the city's foundation boundaries, though this could be folk etymology.

Sparta, Sparti (a city in Laconia, Greece)


Θεσσαλία

grc-proper noun

Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱ • (Thessălĭ́ā) f (genitive Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Thessălĭ́ā (romanization)
Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Θεσσᾰλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

→ Bulgarian: Тесалия (Tesalija)

→ English: Thessaly

→ French: Thessalie

→ German: Thessalien

Greek: Θεσσαλία (Thessalía)

→ Hebrew: תסליה (Tessalya)

→ Italian: Tessaglia

→ Japanese: テッサリア (Tessaria)

→ Latin: Thessalia

→ Macedonian: Тесалија (Tesalija)

→ Romanian: Tesalia

→ Russian: Фесса́лия (Fessálija)

→ Turkish: Tesalya

From Θεσσᾰλός (Thessălós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

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Θεσσᾰλός (Thessălós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

a historical region in north-central Greece


Παφλαγονία

grc-proper noun

Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱς

Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱ • (Paphlăgonĭ́ā) f (genitive Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Paphlăgonĭ́ā (romanization)
Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Παφλᾰγονῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Παφλαγονία (Paflagonía)

Latin: Paphlagonia

Turkish: Paflagonya

From Παφλᾰγών (Paphlăgṓn, “Paphlagonian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

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Paphlagonia (a historical region in northern Asia Minor in modern Turkey, on the shore of the Black Sea, between Bithynia and Pontus)


Βιθυνία

grc-proper noun

Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱ • (Bīthūnĭ́ā) f (genitive Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Bīthūnĭ́ā (romanization)
Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βιθυνία (Vithynía)

Latin: Bīthȳnia

Turkish: Bitinya

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Βῑθῡνός (Bīthūnós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

(historical) Bithynia (a geographic region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey)


Καρία

grc-proper noun

Κᾱρῐ́ᾱ • (Kārĭ́ā) f (genitive Κᾱρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Κᾱρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Kārĭ́ā (romanization)
Κᾱρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Κᾱρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Κᾱρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Κᾱρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κᾱρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Κᾱρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

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Κᾱ́ρ (Kā́r) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Caria (a historical region in the southwest corner of Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Γαλατία

grc-proper noun

Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (Gălătĭ́ā) f (genitive Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Gălătĭ́ā (romanization)
Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Γαλατία (Galatía)

→ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌰 (galatia)

→ Latin: Galatīa (see there for further descendants)

From Γᾰλᾰ́της (Gălắtēs) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

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Γᾰλᾰ́της (Gălắtēs) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Galatia (a historical region of ancient Asia Minor, in what is now central Turkey)

Galatia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 25 BC to the late 7th century AD)


Λυκία

grc-proper noun

Λῠκῐ́ᾱ • (Lŭkĭ́ā) f (genitive Λῠκῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Λῠκῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Lŭkĭ́ā (romanization)
Λῠκῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Λῠκῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Λῠκῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Λῠκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Λῠκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Λῠκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
Λυκίη (alternative Epic Ionic)

Likely of Anatolian origin, but of uncertain meaning: compare Hittite 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (“to light up”), and the placename Λυκαονία (Lukaonía) (related to Lukka).

Lycia (a historical region in southwestern Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey)

Lycia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing on its own from 43 AD to 74 AD, and later as part of Lycia et Pamphylia)


Λυδία

Λῡδῐ́ᾱ • (Lūdĭ́ā) f (genitive Λῡδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Λῡδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Lūdĭ́ā (romanization)
Λῡδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Λῡδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Λῡδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Λῡδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Λῡδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Λῡδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Λυδία f (Lydía)

From Λῡδός (Lūdós, “Lydus”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

(historical) Lydia (a historical region and ancient kingdom in western Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey)


Βοιωτία

Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ • (Boiōtĭ́ā) f (genitive Βοιωτῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Boiōtĭ́ā (romanization)
Βοιωτῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βοιωτῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Βοιωτῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βοιωτῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

English: Boeotia, Beotia

French: Béotie

Greek: Βοιωτία f (Voiotía)

Italian: Beozia

Portuguese: Beócia

Latin: Boeōtia

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Βοιωτός (Boiōtós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Boeotia (a historical region in central Greece)


Ἀρμενία

grc-proper noun

Ἀρμενίᾱ • (Armeníā) f (genitive Ἀρμενίᾱς); first declension

Ἀρμενίᾱ (canonical)
Armeníā (romanization)
Ἀρμενίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀρμενίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀρμενίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀρμενίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀρμενίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀρμενίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αρμενία (Armenía)

→ Latin: Armenia

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أَرْمِينِيَا

→ Arabic: أَرْمِينِيَا (ʔarmīniyā)

→ Arabic: أَرْمِينِيَا (ʔarmīniyā)

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (Armina).

μεγάλη Ἀρμενία

μικρὰ Ἀρμενία, ἑτέρα Ἀρμενία

ἐδόκει δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι διὰ τῶν ὀρέων εἰς Καρδούχους ἐμβαλεῖν: τούτους γὰρ διελθόντας ἔφασαν εἰς Ἀρμενίαν ἥξειν, ἧς Ὀρόντας ἦρχε πολλῆς καὶ εὐδαίμονος. ἐντεῦθεν δ’ εὔπορον ἔφασαν εἶναι ὅποι τις ἐθέλοι πορεύεσθαι.

4th century BC, Xenophon, Anabasis, 3.5.17

The opinion of the generals however, was that they must make their way through the mountains into the country of the Carduchians; for the prisoners said that after passing through this country they would come to Armenia, the large and prosperous province of which Orontas was ruler; and from there, they said, it was easy to go in any direction one chose.

edókei dè toîs stratēgoîs anankaîon eînai dià tôn oréōn eis Kardoúkhous embaleîn: toútous gàr dielthóntas éphasan eis Armenían hḗxein, hês Oróntas êrkhe pollês kaì eudaímonos. enteûthen d’ eúporon éphasan eînai hópoi tis ethéloi poreúesthai.

ἔπειτα τῆς λάρνακος περὶ ἄκραν τινὰ ὄρους σταθείσης κατὰ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν συνεὶς ὁ Νῶχος ἀνοίγει τ’ αὐτὴν καὶ θεασάμενος γῆν βραχεῖαν περὶ αὐτὴν ἐπὶ χρηστοτέρας ἤδη γεγονὼς ἐλπίδος ἠρέμει.

1st century AD, Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, 1.90

After this, the ark rested on the top of a certain mountain in Armenia; which, when Noah understood, he opened it; and seeing a small piece of land about it, he continued quiet, and conceived some cheerful hopes of deliverance.

épeita tês lárnakos perì ákran tinà órous statheísēs katà tḕn Armenían suneìs ho Nôkhos anoígei t’ autḕn kaì theasámenos gên brakheîan perì autḕn epì khrēstotéras ḗdē gegonṑs elpídos ērémei.

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)


Αἰτωλία

grc-proper noun

Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱ • (Aitōlĭ́ā) f (genitive Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Aitōlĭ́ā (romanization)
Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Αἰτωλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Αἰτωλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αιτωλία (Aitolía)

Latin: Aetōlia

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Αἰτωλός (Aitōlós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Aetolia (a mountainous region of Greece)


Ἀκαρνανία

grc-proper noun

Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱ • (Akarnāníā) f (genitive Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱς); first declension

Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱ (canonical)
Akarnāníā (romanization)
Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀκαρνᾱνίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ακαρνανία (Akarnanía)

→ Latin: Acarnānia

Ἀκαρνᾱ́ν (Akarnā́n) + -ίᾱ (-íā))

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Ἀκαρνᾱ́ν (Akarnā́n) + -ίᾱ (-íā)

Acarnania (an ancient province in modern Greece, reckoned the most westerly province of Greece)


Ἀπουλία

grc-proper noun

Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱ • (Apoulĭ́ā) f (genitive Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Apoulĭ́ā (romanization)
Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀπουλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀπουλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Απουλία (Apoulía)

Italian: Puglia

Neapolitan: Pùglia

Sicilian: Pugghia

Apulia (a former province in lower Italy, at the north of Calabria and east of Samnium, now Italian Puglia)


Μασσαλία

Μασσᾰλίᾱ • (Massălíā) f (genitive Μασσᾰλίᾱς); first declension

Μασσᾰλίᾱ (canonical)
Massălíā (romanization)
Μασσᾰλίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Μασσᾰλίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Μασσᾰλίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Μασσᾰλίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Μασσᾰλίᾱν (accusative singular)
Μασσᾰλίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Μασσαλία (Massalía)

→ English: Massalia

→ Latin: Massilia

French: Marseille

→ English: Marseille, Marseilles

Italian: Marsiglia

Occitan: Marselha

Portuguese: Marselha

Spanish: Marsella

Probably from a pre-Latin language of Italy, perhaps an unknown “Massaliot” language or Ancient Ligurian mas (“spring”).

Massalia (ancient Greek city and colony in modern southern France; modern Marseille)


Ἰλλυρία

Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱ • (Illŭrĭ́ā) f (genitive Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Illŭrĭ́ā (romanization)
Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἰλλῠρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ιλλυρία (Illyría)

From Ἰλλῠρῐός (Illŭrĭós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā). Of obscure origin, but possibly from a conjectural Illyrian *Hullurio (“(place or tribe) of the serpent”), from Proto-Indo-European *udlós. Alternatively related to Proto-Albanian *hĭwĭd-lʉh (“water snake”), from older Albanian *hud-lós. See hyll.

af

Ἰλλῠρῐός (Illŭrĭós) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

cog

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Illyria (a vaguely-defined geographic region in Southeast Europe in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, approximately coincident with modern Albania)

Illyria, Illyricum (a much larger former province of the Roman Empire, covering the whole of Dalmatia and Pannonia, existing from 27 BC to c. 70 AD and reconstituted in 293 AD by Diocletian)


Βλαχία

grc-proper noun

Βλαχῐ́ᾱ • (Blakhĭ́ā) f (genitive Βλαχῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Βλαχῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Blakhĭ́ā (romanization)
Βλαχῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βλαχῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βλαχῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Βλαχῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βλαχῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Βλαχῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βλαχία (Vlachía)

Βλάχος (Blákhos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

affix

Βλάχος (Blákhos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Wallachia (a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, now part of southern Romania)


Παρθία

grc-proper noun

Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱ • (Părthĭ́ā) f (genitive Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Părthĭ́ā (romanization)
Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Πᾰρθῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Πᾰρθῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Παρθία (Parthía)

Latin: Parthia

From Πάρθος (Párthos, “Parthian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).


Αἰολίς

grc-proper noun

Αἰολῐ́ς • (Aiolĭ́s) f (genitive Αἰολῐ́δος); third declension

Αἰολῐ́ς (canonical)
Aiolĭ́s (romanization)
Αἰολῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Αἰολῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Αἰολῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Αἰολῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Αἰολῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Αἰολῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Αιολίς (Aiolís); Αιολίδα (Aiolída)

Latin: Aeolis


Ἄγκυρα

Ἄγκῡρα • (Ánkūra) f (genitive Ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς); first declension

Ἄγκῡρα (canonical)
Ánkūra (romanization)
Ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἄγκῡρᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀγκῡ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀγκῡ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἄγκῡρᾰν (accusative singular)
Ἄγκῡρᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Άγκυρα (Ágkyra)

→ Italian: Angora

→ Latin: Ancȳra

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آنقره (Ankara)
Turkish: Ankara
→ Arabic: أَنْقَرَة (ʔanqara)
→ English: Ankara
→ French: Ankara
→ German: Ankara
→ Italian: Ankara
→ Russian: Анкара́ (Ankará)
→ Persian: آنکارا (ânkârâ)

→ Spanish: Angora


Προῦσα

grc-proper noun

Προῦσᾰ • (Proûsă) f (genitive Προύσης); first declension

Προῦσᾰ (canonical)
Proûsă (romanization)
Προύσης (genitive)
ἡ Προῦσᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Προύσης (genitive singular)
τῇ Προύσῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Προῦσᾰν (accusative singular)
Προῦσᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Προύσα (Proúsa); Προύσσα (Proússa)

Latin: Prūsa

English: Prusa

Ottoman Turkish: بروسه (Brusa), بورسه (Bursa)

Turkish: Bursa

English: Bursa

Named after Prusias (Προυσίας (Prousías)), an ancient king of Bithynia

Προῦσα δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ ἵδρυται τῷ Μυσίῳ
Proûsa dè epì tôi Olúmpōi hídrutai tôi Musíōi

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 12.4.3


Ἁδριανούπολις

Ἁδριανουπόλεως

Ἁδριανούπολις • (Hadrianoúpolis) f (genitive Ἁδριανουπόλεως); third declension

Hadrianoúpolis (romanization)
Ἁδριανουπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Ἁδριανούπολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἁδριανουπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἁδριανουπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Ἁδριανούπολῐν (accusative singular)
Ἁδριανούπολῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ἁδριανούπολῐς

→ Bulgarian: Адрианопол (Adrianopol)

→ Chagatai: اَدِرنه

Uyghur: ئەدىرنە (edirne)

Uzbek: Adirna

desc

Αδριανούπολη

Αδριανούπολις

Greek: Αδριανούπολη (Adrianoúpoli), Αδριανούπολις (Adrianoúpolis)

desctree

→ Latin: Hadrianopolis, Adrianopolis
English: Adrianople, Adrianopolis
French: Andrinople
Italian: Adrianopoli

→ Ottoman Turkish: اَدِرنه (Edirne)
→ Arabic: أَدِرْنَة (ʔadirna)
→ Azerbaijani: Ədirnə
→ Bashkir: Әдирнә (Ədirnə)
→ Bulgarian: Одрин (Odrin)
→ Persian: ادرنه (adirna /aderne)
→ Punjabi: اَدِرْنَہ (adirnah)
→ Urdu: اَدِرْنَہ (adirna)
Turkish: Edirne
English: Edirne
→ Tatar: Әдирнә (Ädirnä)

Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós, “Hadrian (Roman emperor)”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”)

etymon

Ἁδριανός>emperor


Ἄβδηρα

grc-proper noun

Ᾰ̓́βδηρᾰ • (Ắbdēră) n (genitive Ᾰ̓βδήρων); second declension

Ᾰ̓́βδηρᾰ (canonical)
Ắbdēră (romanization)
Ᾰ̓βδήρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ᾰ̓́βδηρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ᾰ̓βδήρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ᾰ̓βδήροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ᾰ̓́βδηρᾰ (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓́βδηρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: Abdera

Greek: Άβδηρα (Ávdira)

→ Latin: Abdēra


Ἄβυδος

Ἄβῡδος • (Ábūdos) f (genitive Ἄβῡδου); second declension

Ἄβῡδος (canonical)
Ábūdos (romanization)
Ἄβῡδου (genitive)
ἡ Ἄβυδος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀβύδου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀβύδῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἄβυδον (accusative singular)
Ἄβυδε (singular vocative)

Greek: Άβυδος (Ávydos)

→ Latin: Abȳdus, Abidos, Aboedos

The name of the Egyptian city is borrowed from Egyptian Ab-b-Dw:O49 (ꜣbḏw).

bor+

Abydos (an ancient city in Egypt) with archaeological interest.

Abydos (An ancient city of Mysia in northwest Asia Minor in modern Turkey, on the Hellespont)


Ἀκεσίνης

grc-proper noun

Ἀκεσίνης • (Akesínēs) m (genitive Ἀκεσίνου); first declension

Akesínēs (romanization)
Ἀκεσίνου (genitive)
ὁ Ἀκεσίνης (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀκεσίνου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀκεσίνῃ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἀκεσίνην (accusative singular)
Ἀκεσίνη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ακεσίνης (Akesínis)

→ Latin: Acesīnēs

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásitas
Sanskrit असित (asita)
Sanskrit असिक्नी (asiknī)bor.
Ancient Greek Ἀκεσίνης (Akesínēs)
Borrowed from Sanskrit असिक्नी (asiknī).

etymon

Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent#English

Acesines, Chenab (a river in Indian subcontinent, which flows through Pakistan and India)


Ἀτραμύττιον

grc-proper noun

Ἀτρᾰμυττῐ́ου

Ἀτρᾰμύττῐον • (Atrămúttĭon) m (genitive Ἀτρᾰμυττῐ́ου); second declension

Ἀτρᾰμύττῐον (canonical)
Atrămúttĭon (romanization)
Ἀτρᾰμυττῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Ἀτρᾰμύττῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀτρᾰμυττῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀτρᾰμυττῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Ἀτρᾰμύττῐον (accusative singular)
Ἀτρᾰμύττῐον (singular vocative)
Ἀτραμύττειον (alternative)
Ἀδραμύττιον (alternative)
Ἀδραμύττειον (alternative)
Ἀδραμύτιον (alternative)

desc

Greek: Ατραμύττιον (Atramýttion), Αδραμύτιο (Adramýtio)

Latin: Adramyttium

Turkish: Edremit

Edremit (a city in Balıkesir Province, Turkey)


Αἴγινα

grc-proper noun

Αἴγῑνᾰ • (Aígīnă) f (genitive Αἰγῑ́νης); first declension

Αἴγῑνᾰ (canonical)
Aígīnă (romanization)
Αἰγῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ Αἴγῑνᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Αἰγῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τῇ Αἰγῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Αἴγῑνᾰν (accusative singular)
Αἴγῑνᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αίγινα (Aígina)

Latin: Aegīna


Ἀφρική

Ἀφρική • (Aphrikḗ) f (genitive Ἀφρικῆς); first declension

Aphrikḗ (romanization)
Ἀφρικῆς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀφρῐκή (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀφρῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀφρῐκῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀφρῐκήν (accusative singular)
Ἀφρῐκή (singular vocative)

Greek: Αφρική (Afrikí)

desc

إِفْرِيقِيَة

→ Arabic: إِفْرِيقِيَة (ʔifrīqiya)

Formed alongside Latin Africa. Occurs in Ptolemy, Cassius Dio, and later authors. The adjective Ἀφρικανός (Aphrikanós) is older, attested in fragments attributed to Manetho (3rd century BC), as well as in Polybius (died 118 BC), Posidonius, Diodorus Siculus and Plutarchus.
The word was received by the Romans from the Carthaginians as the term for their country.
The term replaces Λιβύη (Libúē) as the name of the continent (i.e. the part of the world south of the Mediterranean) in the Roman era (from ca. the 1st century AD), but like Λιβύη (Libúē) also remains in use for the more limited area between Egypt and Numidia.

καὶ Καίσαρι μὲν ἥ τε Ἰβηρία καὶ ἡ Νουμιδία, Ἀντωνίῳ δὲ ἥ τε Γαλατία καὶ ἡ Ἀφρικὴ ἐγένετο:

ca. 220, Cassius Dio, Roman History, 48,1

and Spain and Numidia fell to Caesar, Gaul and Africa to Antony.

kaì Kaísari mèn hḗ te Ibēría kaì hē Noumidía, Antōníōi dè hḗ te Galatía kaì hē Aphrikḕ egéneto:

Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


Ἀκράγας

grc-proper noun

Ἀκράγᾱς • (Akrágās) m (genitive Ἀκράγαντος); third declension

Ἀκράγᾱς (canonical)
Akrágās (romanization)
Ἀκράγαντος (genitive)
ὁ Ἀκρᾰ́γᾱς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀκρᾰ́γᾰντος (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀκρᾰ́γᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἀκρᾰ́γᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἀκρᾰ́γᾰν (singular vocative)

desc

Arabic: كِرْكَنْت (kirkant), جِرْجَنْت (jirjant)

Greek: Ακράγας (Akrágas), Ακράγαντας (Akrágantas)

desctree

Latin: Agrigentum
Italian: Agrigento
Sicilian: Girgenti

Uncertain, possibly Pre-Greek. Compare the morphology of Ancient Greek Γίγᾱς (Gígās).

Acragas, Agrigentum, Agrigento (a city in Sicily, Italy)


Ἄλβη

grc-proper noun

Ἄλβη • (Álbē) f (genitive Ἄλβης); first declension

Álbē (romanization)
Ἄλβης (genitive)
ἡ Ἄλβη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἄλβης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἄλβῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἄλβην (accusative singular)
Ἄλβη (singular vocative)

Greek: Άλβη (Álvi)

alternative form of Ἄλβα (Álba), a place name:

Alba Longa (an ancient city in Latium, in modern Italy)

Hispania Citerior
Hispania Citerior#English

an ancient town in the Roman province of Hispania Citerior, in modern eastern Spain

Alba Fucens (an ancient Italic town in modern Abruzzo region, Italy)

Alba Pompeia (an ancient city in modern Liguria region, Italy, present-day Alba)

an ancient city in Crete, in modern Greece


Ἀμαθοῦς

Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦς • (Ămăthoûs) f (genitive Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦντος); third declension

Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦς (canonical)
Ămăthoûs (romanization)
Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦντος (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦντος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦντῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦντᾰ (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓μᾰθοῦν (singular vocative)

Greek: Αμαθούς (Amathoús); Αμαθούντα (Amathoúnta)

Latin: Amathus

From ἄμαθος (ámathos, “sand”) + -οῦς (-oûs, “-ful”). See -εις (-eis).

af

110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 9.41.2


Ἀμφιλοχία

grc-proper noun

Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱ • (Amphĭlokhĭ́ā) f (genitive Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Amphĭlokhĭ́ā (romanization)
Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀμφῐλοχῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αμφιλοχία (Amfilochía)

→ Latin: Amphilochia

From Ἀμφῐ́λοχος (Amphĭ́lokhos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

af

Ἀμφῐ́λοχος (Amphĭ́lokhos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Amphilochia (a district of Acarnania, Greece)


Ἀμφίπολις

grc-proper noun

Ᾰ̓μφῐ́πολῐς • (Ămphĭ́polĭs) f (genitive Ᾰ̓μφῐπόλεως); third declension

Ᾰ̓μφῐ́πολῐς (canonical)
Ămphĭ́polĭs (romanization)
Ᾰ̓μφῐπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Ᾰ̓μφῐ́πολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓μφῐπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓μφῐπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓μφῐ́πολῐν (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓μφῐ́πολῐ (singular vocative)

Greek: Αμφίπολη (Amfípoli)

Latin: Amphipolis

From ᾰ̓μφῐ́ (ămphĭ́, “around”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

af

Amphipolis (a city in Macedonia, Greece, situated on the left bank of the river Strymon)


Ἄντανδρος

grc-proper noun

Ἄντᾰνδρος • (Ántăndros) f (genitive Ἀντᾰ́νδρου); second declension

Ἄντᾰνδρος (canonical)
Ántăndros (romanization)
Ἀντᾰ́νδρου (genitive)
ὁ Ἄντᾰνδρος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀντᾰ́νδρου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀντᾰ́νδρῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἄντᾰνδρον (accusative singular)
Ἄντᾰνδρε (singular vocative)

Greek: Άντανδρος (Ántandros)

→ Latin: Antandrus

From ᾰ̓ντῐ- (ăntĭ-, “before, against”) + ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) + -ος (-os).

af

Antandrus (a city in Troad, modern-day Turkey)


Ἀνθεμοῦς

grc-proper noun

Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντος

Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦς • (Ănthemoûs) m (genitive Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντος); third declension

Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦς (canonical)
Ănthemoûs (romanization)
Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντος (genitive)
ὁ Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντος (genitive singular)
τῷ Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντᾰ (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦν (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ᾰ̓νθεμοῦντος

Greek: Ανθεμούς (Anthemoús); Ανθεμούντας (Anthemoúntas)

Latin: Anthemus

From ἄνθεμον (ánthemon, “flower, rosette”) + -οῦς (-oûs, “-ful”).

af

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.1.15

Anthemus (a town in Macedonia, Greece, situated south-east of Thessalonica; modern-day Anthemountas)


Ἀντικύρα

grc-proper noun

Ἀντῐκύρᾱ • (Antĭkúrā) f (genitive Ἀντῐκύρᾱς); first declension

Ἀντῐκύρᾱ (canonical)
Antĭkúrā (romanization)
Ἀντῐκύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀντῐκύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀντῐκύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀντῐκύρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀντῐκύρᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀντῐκύρᾱ (singular vocative)
Ἀντῐκύρη (alternative Ionic)
Ἀντῐ́κυρρᾰ (alternative)
Ἀντῐ́κυρᾰ (alternative)

Greek: Αντικύρα (Antikýra)

Latin: Anticyra

From ᾰ̓ντῐ- (ăntĭ-, “not”) + an unknown element.


Ἄντιον

Ἄντῐον • (Ántĭon) n (genitive Ἀντῐ́ου); second declension

Ἄντῐον (canonical)
Ántĭon (romanization)
Ἀντῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Ἄντῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Ἄντῐον (accusative singular)
Ἄντῐον (singular vocative)
Ἄνθιον (alternative)

Greek: Άντιον (Ántion)

Antium (an ancient coastal town in Latium, Italy, south of Rome; near the modern towns of Anzio and Nettuno)


Αἰμιλία

Αἰμιλίᾱ • (Aimilíā) f (genitive Αἰμιλίᾱς); first declension

Αἰμιλίᾱ (canonical)
Aimilíā (romanization)
Αἰμιλίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Αἰμιλίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Αἰμιλίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Αἰμιλίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Αἰμιλίᾱν (accusative singular)
Αἰμιλίᾱ (singular vocative)
Αἰμυλία (alternative)

Greek: Αιμιλία (Aimilía)

Borrowed from Latin Aemilia; feminine of Αἰμίλιος (Aimílios).


Ἀπιδανός

Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνός • (Āpĭdănós) m (genitive Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνοῦ); second declension

Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνός (canonical)
Āpĭdănós (romanization)
Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνός (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνῷ (dative singular)
τὸν Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνόν (accusative singular)
Ᾱ̓πῐδᾰνέ (singular vocative)
Ἠπῐδᾰνός (alternative Ionic)

Greek: Απιδανός (Apidanós)

Latin: Āpidanus


Ἀργολίς

Ἀργολίς • (Argolís) f (genitive Ἀργολίδος); third declension

Argolís (romanization)
Ἀργολίδος (genitive)
ἡ Ἀργολῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀργολῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀργολῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀργολῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἀργολῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Αργολίς (Argolís); Αργολίδα (Argolída)

→ Latin: Argolis


Ἀσκάλων

Ἀσκάλων • (Askálōn) m (genitive Ἀσκάλωνος); third declension

Askálōn (romanization)
Ἀσκάλωνος (genitive)
ὁ Ἀσκάλων (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἀσκάλωνος (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἀσκάλωνῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἀσκάλωνᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἀσκάλων (singular vocative)

Greek: Ασκάλων (Askálon); Ασκάλωνας (Askálonas)

→ Latin: Ascalōn

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן (ʾašqəlôn).

Ashkelon (a coastal city in Israel, on the Mediterranean coast)


Ἄσπενδος

Ἄσπενδος • (Áspendos) f (genitive Ἀσπένδου); second declension

Áspendos (romanization)
Ἀσπένδου (genitive)
ἡ Ἄσπενδος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀσπένδου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀσπένδῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἄσπενδον (accusative singular)
Ἄσπενδε (singular vocative)

Greek: Άσπενδος (Áspendos)

→ Latin: Aspendus

→ Turkish: Aspendos


Ἀσσυρία

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ • (Assŭríā) f (genitive Ἀσσῠρίᾱς); first declension

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ (canonical)
Assŭríā (romanization)
Ἀσσῠρίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀσσυρίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀσσυρίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀσσυρίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀσσυρίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀσσυρίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ασσυρία (Assyría)

→ Latin: Assyria (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


Ἄθως

Ἄθως • (Áthōs) m (genitive Ἄθω); Attic declension

Áthōs (romanization)
Ἄθω (genitive)
ὁ Ἄθως (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἄθω (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἄθῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἄθω (accusative singular)
Ἄθων (accusative singular)
tòn Áthō (accusative singular)
tòn Áthōn (accusative singular)
Ἄθως (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: Άθως m (Áthos), Άθωνας m (Áthonas)

→ Latin: Athōs

Athos (a peninsula in Greece, containing Mount Athos)

Mount Athos (a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece) which is an important centre of Greek Orthodox monasticism.


Ἀτθίς

grc-proper noun

Ἀτθίς • (Atthís) f (genitive Ἀτθίδος); third declension

Atthís (romanization)
Ἀτθίδος (genitive)
ἡ Ἀτθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀτθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀτθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀτθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἀτθῐ́ς (singular vocative)

From the same source as Ἀττική (Attikḗ, “Attica”).

Athens (an ancient city-state in modern Greece)


Σεβάστεια

Σεβάστειᾰ • (Sebásteiă) f (genitive Σεβαστείᾱς); first declension

Σεβάστειᾰ (canonical)
Sebásteiă (romanization)
Σεβαστείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Σεβάστειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Σεβαστείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Σεβαστείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Σεβάστειᾰν (accusative singular)
Σεβάστειᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Σεβάστεια (Sevásteia)

→ Armenian: Սեբաստիա (Sebastia)

→ Latin: Sebastea

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیواس (Sivas)

Turkish: Sivas

English: Sivas

From Σεβαστός (Sebastós) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), from use of σεβαστός (sebastós, “venerable, august”) as a calque of Latin Augustus.

af

Sivas (a city in Turkey), the ancient and medieval Sebastia

Sebastia (a city in the West Bank, Palestine), the ancient Samaria


Αὐλίς

grc-proper noun

Αὐλῐ́ς • (Aulĭ́s) f (genitive Αὐλῐ́δος); third declension

Αὐλῐ́ς (canonical)
Aulĭ́s (romanization)
Αὐλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Αὐλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Αὐλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Αὐλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Αὐλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Αὐλῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Αυλίς (Avlís); Αυλίδα (Avlída)

Latin: Aulis


Βαβυλωνία

Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ • (Băbŭlōnĭ́ā) f (genitive Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Băbŭlōnĭ́ā (romanization)
Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βαβυλωνία (Vavylonía)

Latin: Babylonia

From Βαβυλών (Babulṓn, “Babylon”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

af

(historical) Babylonia (an ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran)


Βαῖτις

grc-proper noun

Βαῖτῐς • (Baîtĭs) m (genitive Βαίτῐος); third declension

Βαῖτῐς (canonical)
Baîtĭs (romanization)
Βαίτῐος (genitive)
ὁ Βαῖτῐς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Βαίτῐος (genitive singular)
τῷ Βαίτῑ (dative singular)
τὸν Βαῖτῐν (accusative singular)
Βαῖτῐ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βαίτις (Vaítis)

Latin: Baetis

According to Villar, from an Old European Hydronym *bai-t-, also found in the place name Biturgia.

Baetis, Guadalquivir (a river in southern Spain)


Βάρκη

Βάρκη • (Bárkē) f (genitive Βάρκης); first declension

Bárkē (romanization)
Βάρκης (genitive)
ἡ Βάρκη (nominative singular)
τῆς Βάρκης (genitive singular)
τῇ Βάρκῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Βάρκην (accusative singular)
Βάρκη (singular vocative)

Arabic: بَرْقَة (barqa)

Greek: Βάρκη (Várki)

desctree

Latin: Barca, Barce
English: Barca
Italian: Barca
Spanish: Barca
English: Barce
Italian: Barce
English: Barce


Βέροια

grc-proper noun

Βέροιᾰ • (Béroiă) f (genitive Βεροίᾱς); first declension

Βέροιᾰ (canonical)
Béroiă (romanization)
Βεροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βέροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ Βεροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ Βέροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς Βεροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν Βεροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Βεροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ Βεροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Βεροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Βεροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν Βέροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ Βεροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Βεροίᾱς (accusative plural)
Βέροιᾰ (singular vocative)
Βεροίᾱ (dual vocative)
Βέροιαι (plural vocative)
Βεροίη (alternative Ionic)
Βέρροιᾰ (alternative)

English: Beroea; Berea

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (bairauja)

Greek: Βέροια (Véroia) (also commonly Veria)

Latin: Beroea

Compare Ancient Macedonian Φέροιᾰ (Phéroiă).

Aleppo#Classical antiquity
Stara Zagora#History
Veria#History

Beroea (an ancient city in Aleppo, Syria)


Βηρυτός

Βηρῡτός • (Bērūtós) f (genitive Βηρῡτοῦ); second declension

Βηρῡτός (canonical)
Bērūtós (romanization)
Βηρῡτοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Βηρῡτός (nominative singular)
τῆς Βηρῡτοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Βηρῡτῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Βηρῡτόν (accusative singular)
Βηρῡτέ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βηρυτός (Virytós)

desctree

→ Latin: Bērȳtus
→ English: Berytus
French: Béryte
→ German: Berytus
Italian: Berito
Spanish: Berito

Borrowed from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤕 (bērūt, “Beirut”), from Proto-West Semitic *biʾrāt- (“wells”). Doublet of Βηρώθ (Bērṓth, “Beeroth”) from Biblical Hebrew בְּאֵרוֹת (bəʾērōṯ).

Berytus, Beirut (the capital and largest city of Lebanon)


Βραυρών

grc-proper noun

Βραυρών • (Braurṓn) f (genitive Βραυρῶνος); third declension

Braurṓn (romanization)
Βραυρῶνος (genitive)
ἡ Βραυρών (nominative singular)
τῆς Βραυρῶνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Βραυρῶνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Βραυρῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
Βραυρών (singular vocative)

Greek: Βραυρών (Vravrón); Βραυρώνα (Vravróna)

Latin: Brauron

110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 1.33.1

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.1

Brauron (an ancient city in Attica, Greece)


Βρεντέσιον

Βρεντέσιον • (Brentésion) n (genitive Βρεντεσίου); second declension

Brentésion (romanization)
Βρεντεσίου (genitive)
τὸ Βρεντέσιον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Βρεντεσίου (genitive singular)
τῷ Βρεντεσίῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Βρεντέσιον (accusative singular)
Βρεντέσιον (singular vocative)
Βρεντήσιον (alternative)

desc

Greek: Βρεντέσιο (Vrentésio), Βρεντέσιον (Vrentésion)

→ Latin: Brundisium, Brundusium

→ Latin: Brenda

Italian: Brindisi

Neapolitan: Brinnese

Tarantino: Brinnese

Sicilian: Brìnnisi, Brìndisi

Said by ancient sources (e.g. Strabo) to be a corruption of the Messapic word for the head of a male deer (see βρέντιον, βρένδος), possibly based on the shape of the port. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrendos (“stag, red deer”). Smith noted: "It seems probable that the real native word was Brendon or Brenda ... whence Festus tells us that Brenda was used by some writers as a poetic form for Brundusium."

der

καὶ εὐλίμενον δὲ μᾶλλον τὸ Βρεντέσιον: ἑνὶ γὰρ στόματι πολλοὶ κλείονται λιμένες ἄκλυστοι, κόλπων ἀπολαμβανομένων ἐντός, ὥστ’ ἐοικέναι κέρασιν ἐλάφου τὸ σχῆμα, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ τοὔνομα: σὺν γὰρ τῇ πόλει κεφαλῇ μάλιστα ἐλάφου προσέοικεν ὁ τόπος, τῇ δὲ Μεσσαπίᾳ γλώττῃ βρέντιον ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ ἐλάφου καλεῖται.

c. 7 BCE, Strabo, Geography (Loeb Classical Library), published 1924, 6.3.6:

Brentesium is also better supplied with harbors; for here many harbors are closed in by one mouth; and they are sheltered from the waves, because bays are formed inside in such a way as to resemble in shape a stag's horns; and hence the name, for, along with the city, the place very much resembles a stag's head, and in the Messapian language the head of the stag is called "brentesium."

Hesychius of Alexandria
Sextus Pompeius Festus


Γάδειρα

grc-proper noun

Γᾱ́δειρᾰ • (Gā́deiră) n pl (genitive Γᾱδείρων); second declension

Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (canonical)
Gā́deiră (romanization)
Γᾱδείρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Γᾱδείρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Γᾱδείροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (accusative plural)
Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (plural vocative)
Γήδειρα (alternative Ionic)

Greek: Γάδειρα (Gádeira)

desctree

→ Latin: Gādēs
→ French: Gadès
⇒ Latin: Gādītānus
→ Catalan: gadità
→ English: Gaditanian
→ French: gaditan
→ Italian: gaditano
→ Portuguese: gaditano
→ Spanish: gaditano
→ Arabic: قَادِس (qādis)
Hijazi Arabic: قادس (gādis)
→ Galician: Cais
→ Spanish: Cádiz
→ English: Cádiz, Cadiz
→ Italian: Cadice, Càdice
→ French: Cadix
→ Venetan: Càdice

From Phoenician 𐤂𐤃𐤓 (gdr /gādēr, gādīr/, literally “wall”).


Καισάρεια

grc-proper noun

Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ • (Kaisắreiă) f (genitive Καισᾰρείᾱς); first declension

Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (canonical)
Kaisắreiă (romanization)
Καισᾰρείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Καισᾰρείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Καισᾰρείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Καισᾰ́ρειᾰν (accusative singular)
Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (singular vocative)

→ Arabic: قَيْسارِيّة (qaysāriyya)

Ottoman Turkish: قیساریه (Kaysâriye)

Turkish: Kayserya

→ Old Armenian: Կեսարիա (Kesaria)

Armenian: Կեսարիա (Kesaria)

Greek: Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia)

→ Hebrew: קֵיסָרְיָה (Keysaryá)

Ottoman Turkish: قیصری (Kayseri)

Turkish: Kayseri

→ Russian: Кесари́я (Kesaríja)

Named after a Caesar: Καῖσᾰρ (Kaîsăr, “Caesar”) + -ειᾰ (-eiă), as a calque of Latin Caesarēa.

Caesarea (any of numerous cities in the Roman Empire)


Καλυδών

Κᾰλῠδών • (Kălŭdṓn) f or m (genitive Κᾰλῠδῶνος); third declension

Κᾰλῠδών (canonical)
Kălŭdṓn (romanization)
Κᾰλῠδῶνος (genitive)
ὁ, ἡ Κᾰλῠδών (nominative singular)
τοῦ, τῆς Κᾰλῠδῶνος (genitive singular)
τῷ, τῇ Κᾰλῠδῶνῐ (dative singular)
τὸν, τὴν Κᾰλῠδῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
Κᾰλῠδών (singular vocative)

Greek: Καλυδών (Kalydón); Καλυδώνα (Kalydóna)

Latin: Calydon

(feminine) Calydon (an ancient city in Aetolia, Greece)


Καμάρινα

Κᾰμάρῑνα • (Kămárīna) f (genitive Κᾰμᾰρῑ́νης); first declension

Κᾰμάρῑνα (canonical)
Kămárīna (romanization)
Κᾰμᾰρῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ Καμάρινᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Καμαρίνης (genitive singular)
τῇ Καμαρίνῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Καμάρινᾰν (accusative singular)
Καμάρινᾰ (singular vocative)

Kamarina (an ancient city on the southern coast of Sicily in Magna Graecia)


Βαρκινών

Βαρκινών • (Barkinṓn) f (genitive Βαρκινῶνος); third declension

Barkinṓn (romanization)
Βαρκινῶνος (genitive)
ἡ Βαρκινών (nominative singular)
τῆς Βαρκινῶνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Βαρκινῶνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Βαρκινῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
Βαρκινών (singular vocative)

Greek: Βαρκινών (Varkinón)

desc

influenced by Catalan and Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">Barcelona</i>

Greek: (influenced by Catalan and Spanish Barcelona) Βαρκελώνη (Varkelóni)

Borrowed from Latin Barcinō, itself named after Barca, a Carthaginian.

90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Geography 2.6.8

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Καρδία

grc-proper noun

Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ • (Kărdĭ́ā) f (genitive Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Kărdĭ́ā (romanization)
Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Κᾰρδῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Καρδία (Kardía)

→ Latin: Cardia


Αὐεντῖνον

Αὐεντῖνον • (Auentînon) n (genitive Αὐεντῑ́νου); second declension

Auentînon (romanization)
Αὐεντῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ Αὐεντῖνον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Αὐεντῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τῷ Αὐεντῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Αὐεντῖνον (accusative singular)
Αὐεντῖνον (singular vocative)
Αὐεντῖνος (alternative)
Ἀουεντῖνος (alternative)
Ἀβεντῖνον (alternative)
Ἀβεντῖνος (alternative)

Greek: Αυεντίνον (Aventínon); Αυεντίνο (Aventíno)


Κάρραι

Κάρραι • (Kárrhai) f pl (genitive Καρρῶν); first declension

Kárrhai (romanization)
Καρρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κᾰ́ρραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Κᾰρρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κᾰ́ρραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κᾰ́ρρᾱς (accusative plural)
Κᾰ́ρραι (plural vocative)

Greek: Κάρρες (Kárres)

→ Latin: Carrhae


Καρχηδών

Καρχηδών • (Karkhēdṓn) f (genitive Καρχηδόνος); third declension

Karkhēdṓn (romanization)
Καρχηδόνος (genitive)
ἡ Καρχηδών (nominative singular)
τῆς Καρχηδόνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Καρχηδόνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Καρχηδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
Καρχηδών (singular vocative)

Greek: Καρχηδόνα (Karchidóna)

→ Latin: Carchēdōn

Likely borrowed from unattested Phoenician *𐤊𐤓𐤊-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (*krk-ḥdšt, “new city”) (cf. Aramaic כַּרְכָא, Hebrew כְּרַךְ), variant of 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), hence doublet of Χαλκηδών (Khalkēdṓn, “Chalcedon”).

cog

Aramaic כַּרְכָא

Hebrew כְּרַךְ

doublet

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)


Κατάνη

grc-proper noun

Κᾰτᾰ́νη • (Kătắnē) f (genitive Κᾰτᾰ́νης); first declension

Κᾰτᾰ́νη (canonical)
Kătắnē (romanization)
Κᾰτᾰ́νης (genitive)
ἡ Κᾰτᾰ́νη (nominative singular)
τῆς Κᾰτᾰ́νης (genitive singular)
τῇ Κᾰτᾰ́νῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Κᾰτᾰ́νην (accusative singular)
Κᾰτᾰ́νη (singular vocative)

Latin: Catana; Catina

Of Sicel origin, from katane (“grater”). See κατάνη (katánē, “grater”).

Catana, Catania (a city on the east coast of Sicily)


Καῦνος

Καῦνος • (Kaûnos) f (genitive Καύνου); second declension

Kaûnos (romanization)
Καύνου (genitive)
ἡ Καῦνος (nominative singular)
τῆς Καύνου (genitive singular)
τῇ Καύνῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Καῦνον (accusative singular)
Καῦνε (singular vocative)

Greek: Καύνος (Kávnos)

Latin: Caunus

Turkish: Kaunos


Κελαιναί

Κελαιναί • (Kelainaí) f pl (genitive Κελαινῶν); first declension

Kelainaí (romanization)
Κελαινῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κελαιναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κελαινῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κελαιναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κελαινᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κελαιναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κελαινές (Kelainés)

→ Latin: Celaenae


Κεγχρεαί

Κεγχρεαί • (Kenkhreaí) f pl (genitive Κεγχρεῶν); first declension

Kenkhreaí (romanization)
Κεγχρεῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κεγχρεαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κεγχρεῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κεγχρεαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κεγχρεᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κεγχρεαί (plural vocative)
Κεγχρειαί (alternative)

desc

Greek: Κεχριές (Kechriés), Κεχρεές (Kechreés)

Latin: Cenchreae

Cenchreae, Kechries (a region, a Corinthia in Greece)


Ἑρμιόνη

grc-proper noun

Ἑρμιόνη • (Hermiónē) f (genitive Ἑρμιόνης); first declension

Hermiónē (romanization)
Ἑρμιόνης (genitive)
ἡ Ἑρμιόνη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἑρμιόνης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἑρμιόνῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἑρμιόνην (accusative singular)
Ἑρμιόνη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ερμιόνη (Ermióni)

Latin: Hermionē

Ermioni (an ancient city in Argolis, Greece)


Κηφισός

Κηφῑσός • (Kēphīsós) m (genitive Κηφῑσοῦ); second declension

Κηφῑσός (canonical)
Kēphīsós (romanization)
Κηφῑσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Κηφῑσός (nominative singular)
τοῦ Κηφῑσοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Κηφῑσῷ (dative singular)
τὸν Κηφῑσόν (accusative singular)
Κηφῑσέ (singular vocative)
Κᾱφῑσός (alternative Doric)
Κηφῐσσός (alternative)

Greek: Κηφισός (Kifisós)


Κεραμεικός

Κερᾰμεικός • (Kerămeikós) m (genitive Κερᾰμεικοῦ); second declension

Κερᾰμεικός (canonical)
Kerămeikós (romanization)
Κερᾰμεικοῦ (genitive)

From κεραμεικός (kerameikós, “ceramic”) < κεραμεύς m (kerameús, “potter”) κεραμε- + -ικός (-ikós).

a neighbourhood of Athens in Greece, Ceramicus


Χαιρώνεια

Χαιρώνειᾰ • (Khairṓneiă) f (genitive Χαιρωνείᾱς); first declension

Χαιρώνειᾰ (canonical)
Khairṓneiă (romanization)
Χαιρωνείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Χαιρώνειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Χαιρωνείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Χαιρωνείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Χαιρώνειᾰν (accusative singular)
Χαιρώνειᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Χαιρώνεια (Chairóneia)

→ Latin: Chaeronea


Χαλδαία

Χᾰλδαίᾱ • (Khăldaíā) f (genitive Χᾰλδαίᾱς); first declension

Χᾰλδαίᾱ (canonical)
Khăldaíā (romanization)
Χᾰλδαίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Χᾰλδαίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Χᾰλδαίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Χᾰλδαίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Χᾰλδαίᾱν (accusative singular)
Χᾰλδαίᾱ (singular vocative)

English: Chaldea, Chaldees

Greek: Χαλδαία (Chaldaía)

Latin: Chaldaea

(historical) Chaldea (an ancient geographic region of Western Asia, in the southern portion of Babylonia in modern eastern Iraq and southwestern Iran, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain)


Κλαζομεναί

Κλαζομεναί • (Klazomenaí) f pl (genitive Κλαζομενῶν); first declension

Klazomenaí (romanization)
Κλαζομενῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κλᾰζομεναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κλᾰζομενῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κλᾰζομεναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κλᾰζομενᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κλᾰζομεναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κλαζομενές (Klazomenés)

Latin: Clazomenae

Turkish: Kilizman

Ancient Greek κλάζω (klázō) + -μέναι (-ménai), referring to the honking of wild swans.

Clazomenae; Klazomenai; Kilizman, Turkey


Κλεωναί

Κλεωναί • (Kleōnaí) f pl (genitive Κλεωνῶν); first declension

Kleōnaí (romanization)
Κλεωνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κλεωναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κλεωνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κλεωναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κλεωνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κλεωναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κλεωνές (Kleonés)

Latin: Cleōnae

Cleonae, Kleones (an ancient city in Argolis, Greece)


Κλούσιον

Κλούσῐον • (Kloúsĭon) n (genitive Κλουσῐ́ου); second declension

Κλούσῐον (canonical)
Kloúsĭon (romanization)
Κλουσῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Κλούσῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Κλουσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Κλουσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Κλούσῐον (accusative singular)
Κλούσῐον (singular vocative)

Greek: Κλούσιο (Kloúsio)

Borrowed from Latin Clūsium, from Etruscan 𐌂𐌋𐌄𐌅𐌔𐌉 (clevsi).

Clusium (a city in Tuscany; modern-day Chiusi)


Κνωσός

Κνωσός • (Knōsós) f (genitive Κνωσοῦ); second declension

Knōsós (romanization)
Κνωσοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Κνωσός (nominative singular)
τῆς Κνωσοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Κνωσῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Κνωσόν (accusative singular)
Κνωσέ (singular vocative)
Κνωσσός (alternative)

Greek: Κνωσός (Knosós)

Latin: Cnossus

Unknown; likely Pre-Greek.
Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀜𐀰 (ko-no-so), 𐀒𐀜𐀰𐀆 (ko-no-so-de).

Cnossus; Gnossus; Knossos, Crete, Greece


Κομμαγηνή

Κομμαγηνή • (Kommagēnḗ) f (genitive Κομμαγηνής); first declension

Kommagēnḗ (romanization)
Κομμαγηνής (genitive)
ἡ Κομμαγηνή (nominative singular)
τῆς Κομμαγηνῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Κομμαγηνῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Κομμαγηνήν (accusative singular)
Κομμαγηνή (singular vocative)

Greek: Κομμαγηνή (Kommaginí)

→ Latin: Commagēnē

Borrowing from Luwian [script needed] (Kummuh).

Commagene (an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom located around the present-day village of Samsat in southeastern Turkey)


Βύβλος

Βῠ́βλος • (Bŭ́blos) f (genitive Βῠ́βλου); second declension

Βῠ́βλος (canonical)
Bŭ́blos (romanization)
Βῠ́βλου (genitive)
ἡ Βῠ́βλος (nominative singular)
τῆς Βῠ́βλου (genitive singular)
τῇ Βῠ́βλῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βῠ́βλον (accusative singular)
Βῠ́βλε (singular vocative)

Greek: Βύβλος (Vývlos)

→ Latin: Byblus, Byblos

→ English: Byblos

From Phoenician 𐤂𐤁𐤋 (gbl /gebal/), from Canaanite G-B-L (Gubla).

Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate#English

Byblos (a port city in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon)


Κώρυκος

Κώρῠκος • (Kṓrŭkos) f (genitive Κωρῠ́κου); second declension

Κώρῠκος (canonical)
Kṓrŭkos (romanization)
Κωρῠ́κου (genitive)
ἡ Κώρῠκος (nominative singular)
τῆς Κωρῠ́κου (genitive singular)
τῇ Κωρῠ́κῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κώρῠκον (accusative singular)
Κώρῠκε (singular vocative)

Greek: Κώρυκος (Kórykos)

Latin: Cōrycus


Ταυρική

Ταυρῐκή • (Taurĭkḗ) f (genitive Ταυρῐκῆς); first declension

Ταυρῐκή (canonical)
Taurĭkḗ (romanization)
Ταυρῐκῆς (genitive)
ἡ Ταυρῐκή (nominative singular)
τῆς Ταυρῐκῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ταυρῐκῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Ταυρῐκήν (accusative singular)
Ταυρῐκή (singular vocative)

Greek: Ταυρική (Tavrikí)

Latin: Taurica

→ Russian: Та́врика (Távrika)

From Ταῦρος (Taûros, “one of the Tauri”) + -ῐκή (-ĭkḗ).

af

(historical) Tauris, Taurica (an ancient geographic region and peninsula, the name used by the Greeks and Romans for the modern Crimean Peninsula in Eastern Europe, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but occupied by Russia)


Ἰνδός

grc-proper noun

Ἰνδός • (Indós) m (genitive Ἰνδοῦ); second declension

Indós (romanization)
Ἰνδοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἰνδός (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἰνδῷ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἰνδόν (accusative singular)
Ἰνδέ (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.
Compare Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “a river, stream”) in the Rigveda, which was borrowed into Greek as Σίνθος (Sínthos).


Κρότων

grc-proper noun

Κρότων • (Krótōn) f (genitive Κρότωνος); third declension

Krótōn (romanization)
Κρότωνος (genitive)
ὁ Κρότων (nominative singular)
τοῦ Κρότωνος (genitive singular)
τῷ Κρότωνῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Κρότωνᾰ (accusative singular)
Κρότων (singular vocative)

Greek: Κρότωνας (Krótonas)

→ Latin: Crotō, Crotōn

Italian: Crotone, Cotrone

Sicilian: Cutrona

Unknown, possibly related with Ancient Greek κροτών (krotṓn).

Croton, Crotone (a city in Calabria, Italy)


Κούναξα

Κούναξα • (Koúnaxa) n (genitive Κουνάξων); second declension

Koúnaxa (romanization)
Κουνάξων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Κούνᾰξᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Κουνᾰ́ξων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Κουνᾰ́ξοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Κούνᾰξᾰ (accusative plural)
Κούνᾰξᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Κούναξα (Koúnaxa)

→ Latin: Cūnaxa

Cunaxa (an ancient village and site of a major Persian battle in 401 BCE, located 50 miles north of Bablyon and usually identified with the village of Al Nasiffiyat in modern-day Iraq)


Κύζικος

Κῡ́ζῐκος • (Kū́zĭkos) f (genitive Κῡζῐ́κου); second declension

Κῡ́ζῐκος (canonical)
Kū́zĭkos (romanization)
Κῡζῐ́κου (genitive)
ἡ Κῡ́ζῐκος (nominative singular)
τῆς Κῡζῐ́κου (genitive singular)
τῇ Κῡζῐ́κῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Κῡ́ζῐκον (accusative singular)
Κῡ́ζῐκε (singular vocative)

Greek: Κύζικος (Kýzikos)

Latin: Cyzicus

Turkish: Kyzikos


Ἴστρος

Ἴστρος • (Ístros) m or f (genitive Ἴστρου); second declension

Ístros (romanization)
Ἴστρου (genitive)
ὁ, ἡ Ῐ̓́στρος (nominative singular)
τοῦ, τῆς Ῐ̓́στρου (genitive singular)
τῷ, τῇ Ῐ̓́στρῳ (dative singular)
τὸν, τὴν Ῐ̓́στρον (accusative singular)
Ῐ̓́στρε (singular vocative)

Greek: Ίστρος (Ístros)

Latin: Istrus

(feminine) Istros, Histria (an ancient city and Milesian colony in modern Constanța County, Romania; modern Istria)

(masculine) Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Δασκύλιον

Δασκύλιον • (Daskúlion) n (genitive Δασκῠλίου); second declension

Daskúlion (romanization)
Δασκῠλίου (genitive)
τὸ Δασκύλιον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Δασκυλίου (genitive singular)
τῷ Δασκυλίῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Δασκύλιον (accusative singular)
Δασκύλιον (singular vocative)
Δασκύλειον (alternative)

Greek: Δασκύλιο (Daskýlio)

→ Latin: Dascylium

Dascylium (a city in Bithynia, on the Sea of Marmara in modern Turkey)


Δαυλίς

Δαυλῐ́ς • (Daulĭ́s) f (genitive Δαυλῐ́δος); third declension

Δαυλῐ́ς (canonical)
Daulĭ́s (romanization)
Δαυλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Δαυλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Δαυλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Δαυλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Δαυλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Δαυλῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Δαυλίς (Davlís); Δαυλίδα (Davlída)

Latin: Daulis


Δεκέλεια

Δεκέλειᾰ • (Dekéleiă) f (genitive Δεκελείᾱς); first declension

Δεκέλειᾰ (canonical)
Dekéleiă (romanization)
Δεκελείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Δεκέλειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Δεκελείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Δεκελείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Δεκέλειᾰν (accusative singular)
Δεκέλειᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Δεκέλεια (Dekéleia)

Latin: Decelea

Turkish: Dikelya, Dhekelia (Cyprus)


Δελφοί

Δελφοί • (Delphoí) m pl (genitive Δελφῶν); second declension

Delphoí (romanization)
Δελφῶν (genitive)
οἱ Δελφοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δελφῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Δελφοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Δελφούς (accusative plural)
Δελφοί (plural vocative)
οἱ Δελφοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δελφῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν Δελφοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Δελφοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Δελφοῖς (dative plural)
toîsĭ Delphoîsĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ Delphoîsĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
Delphoîs (dative plural)
τοὺς Δελφούς (accusative plural)
Δελφοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Δελφοί (Delfoí)

Latin: Delphī

From the plural of δελφύς (delphús, “womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ-, see also Sanskrit गर्भ (garbha).

Delphi (a town in Phocis, Greece, the site of the Delphic oracle)


Δόβηρος

Δόβηρος • (Dóbēros) f or m (genitive Δοβήρου); second declension

Dóbēros (romanization)
Δοβήρου (genitive)
ὁ, ἡ Δόβηρος (nominative singular)
τοῦ, τῆς Δοβήρου (genitive singular)
τῷ, τῇ Δοβήρῳ (dative singular)
τὸν, τὴν Δόβηρον (accusative singular)
Δόβηρε (singular vocative)

Greek: Δόβηρος (Dóviros)

→ Latin: Dobērus

(feminine) Doberus (a city in Paeonia, in modern North Macedonia)


Δωδώνη

Δωδώνη • (Dōdṓnē) f (genitive Δωδώνης); first declension

Dōdṓnē (romanization)
Δωδώνης (genitive)
ἡ Δωδώνη (nominative singular)
τῆς Δωδώνης (genitive singular)
τῇ Δωδώνῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Δωδώνην (accusative singular)
Δωδώνη (singular vocative)
ἡ Δωδώ (nominative singular)
τῆς Δωδῶνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Δωδῶνῐ (dative singular)

Greek: Δωδώνη (Dodóni)

Latin: Dodona

/dɔː.dɔ̌ː.nɛː/

/dɔː.dɔ̌ː.nɛː/

Of Pre-Greek origin, therefore of unknown ultimate meaning.

Dodona (a town and religious shrine of ancient in Greece)


Δύμη

Δῡ́μη • (Dū́mē) f (genitive Δῡ́μης); first declension

Δῡ́μη (canonical)
Dū́mē (romanization)
Δῡ́μης (genitive)
ἡ Δῡ́μη (nominative singular)
τῆς Δῡ́μης (genitive singular)
τῇ Δῡ́μῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Δῡ́μην (accusative singular)
Δῡ́μη (singular vocative)

Greek: Δύμη (Dými)

Latin: Dȳmē


Δυρράχιον

Δῠρρᾰ́χῐον • (Dŭrrhắkhĭon) n (genitive Δῠρρᾰχῐ́ου); second declension

Δῠρρᾰ́χῐον (canonical)
Dŭrrhắkhĭon (romanization)
Δῠρρᾰχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Δῠρρᾰ́χῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Δῠρρᾰχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Δῠρρᾰχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Δῠρρᾰ́χῐον (accusative singular)
Δῠρρᾰ́χῐον (singular vocative)
Δῠσρᾰ́χῐον (alternative)

Albanian: Durrës, Durrësi

Bulgarian: Драч (Drač)

Czech: Drač

Greek: Δυρράχιο (Dyrráchio)

Italian: Durazzo

Latin: Dyrrhachium

Macedonian: Драч (Drač)

Serbo-Croatian: Драч, Drač

Turkish: Dıraç

Dyrrhachium, Durrës (a city in Albania, earlier called Epidamnus )


Ἐλευσίς

Ἐλευσῑ́ς • (Eleusī́s) f (genitive Ἐλευσῖνος); third declension

Ἐλευσῑ́ς (canonical)
Eleusī́s (romanization)
Ἐλευσῖνος (genitive)
ἡ Ἐλευσῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἐλευσῖνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἐλευσῖνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἐλευσῖνᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἐλευσῑ́ς (singular vocative)

Greek: Ελευσίς (Elefsís); Ελευσίνα (Elefsína)

desc

→ Armenian: Էլեֆսիս (Ēlefsis), Էլեֆսին (Ēlefsin)

→ English: Eleusis; Eleusina

→ Georgian: ელევსისი (elevsisi)

→ Latin: Eleusis

→ Russian: Элефси́с (Elefsís), Элевси́н (Elevsín)


Ἐλευθεραί

grc-proper noun

Ἐλευθεραί • (Eleutheraí) f pl (genitive Ἐλευθερῶν); first declension

Eleutheraí (romanization)
Ἐλευθερῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἐλευθεραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἐλευθερῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἐλευθεραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἐλευθερᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ἐλευθεραί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ελευθερές (Eleftherés)

Latin: Eleutherae

Presumably from ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”).


Ἐπίδαυρος

Ἐπίδαυρος • (Epídauros) f (genitive Ἐπῐδαύρου); second declension

Epídauros (romanization)
Ἐπῐδαύρου (genitive)
ἡ Ἐπίδαυρος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἐπιδαύρου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἐπιδαύρῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἐπίδαυρον (accusative singular)
Ἐπίδαυρε (singular vocative)

Greek: Επίδαυρος (Epídavros)

→ Latin: Epidaurus

According to Strabo, the city was originally named Ἐπίταυρος (Epítauros) under the Ionians, before taking the name Ἐπίκαρος (Epíkaros) under the Carians, before finally becoming Ἐπίδαυρος under the Dorians. Compare the individual elements ἐπί (epí, “upon”), ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”), Καρία (Karía, “Carian”), and Δωριεύς (Dōrieús), Δωριεῖς (Dōrieîs, “Dorians”). Also compare the mythological hero of the same name.

Epidaurus (an ancient town on the Argolid Peninsula, Greece, famous for its theatre)


Ἤπειρος

Ἤπειρος • (Ḗpeiros) f (genitive Ἠπείρου); second declension

Ḗpeiros (romanization)
Ἠπείρου (genitive)
ἡ Ἤπειρος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἠπείρου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἠπείρῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἤπειρον (accusative singular)
Ἤπειρε (singular vocative)
Ᾱ̓́πειρος (alternative Doric)

Albanian: Epir, Epiri

Bulgarian: Епир (Epir)

English: Epirus

French: Épire, Epire

German: Epirus

Greek: Ήπειρος (Ípeiros)

Italian: Epiro

Latin: Epirus

Macedonian: Епир (Epir)

Romanian: Epir

Russian: Эпир (Epir)

Serbo-Croatian: Епир/Epir

Sicilian: Ìpiru

Turkish: Epir

Epirus (a historical region and ancient kingdom in Southeast Europe, today split politically between northwestern Greece and southwestern Albania)


Ἐρέτρια

Ἐρέτρῐᾰ • (Erétrĭă) f (genitive Ἐρετρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Ἐρέτρῐᾰ (canonical)
Erétrĭă (romanization)
Ἐρετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἐρέτρῐᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἐρετρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἐρετρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἐρέτρῐᾰν (accusative singular)
Ἐρέτρῐᾰ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ερέτρια (Erétria)

→ Latin: Eretria
French: Érétrie

From the root of ἐρέτης (erétēs, “rower”) + -τρῐᾰ (-trĭă).


Ἔρυξ

grc-proper noun

Ἔρυξ • (Érux) m (genitive Ἔρῠκος); third declension

Érux (romanization)
Ἔρῠκος (genitive)
ὁ Ἔρῠξ (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἔρῠκος (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἔρῠκῐ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἔρῠκᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἔρῠξ (singular vocative)

Greek: Έρυξ (Éryx)

Latin: Eryx


Αἴτνη

Αἴτνη • (Aítnē) f (genitive Αἴτνης); first declension

Aítnē (romanization)
Αἴτνης (genitive)
ἡ Αἴτνη (nominative singular)
τῆς Αἴτνης (genitive singular)
τῇ Αἴτνῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Αἴτνην (accusative singular)
Αἴτνη (singular vocative)

→ Latin: Aetna (see there for more)

Uncertain, possibly from a Pre-Greek substrate. Suggested connection with Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”), with dʰ > t through Siculan dialect. If so, then cognate with Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”), Latin aestus (“hot”), aestās (“summer”), possibly aedis (“shrine, temple”).

inh

Κατάνη (Katánē)
Κατάνη

Λεοντῖνοι (Leontînoi)
Λεοντῖνοι

(Toponym) Aetna (an ancient city in Sicily); Diodorus Siculus and Strabo write that Hiero conquered Κατάνη (Katánē) and deported its inhabitants to Λεοντῖνοι (Leontînoi), repopulating it with Greeks of Doric descent and changing its name to Aítnā.


Εὐρώτας

grc-proper noun

Εὐρώτᾱς • (Eurṓtās) m (genitive Εὐρώτᾱ); first declension

Εὐρώτᾱς (canonical)
Eurṓtās (romanization)
Εὐρώτᾱ (genitive)
ὁ Εὐρώτᾱς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Εὐρώτᾱ (genitive singular)
τῷ Εὐρώτᾳ (dative singular)
τὸν Εὐρώτᾱν (accusative singular)
Εὐρώτᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ευρώτας (Evrótas)

→ Latin: Eurōtās

Georgian: ევროტასი (evroṭasi)

Italian: Eurota

Russian: Еврот (Jevrot), Эврот (Evrot)

Perhaps derived from εὐρώς (eurṓs, “mold”).

Evrotas (a river in Laconia, Greece, said to be named after the man)


Γέλα

Γέλᾱ • (Gélā) f (genitive Γέλᾱς); first declension

Γέλᾱ (canonical)
Gélā (romanization)
Γέλᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Γέλᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Γέλᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Γέλᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Γέλᾱν (accusative singular)
Γέλᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Γέλα (Géla)

Italian: Gela

Latin: Gela

Sicilian: Gela

Named after Γέλᾱς (Gélās, “the river Gela”).


Γόρδιον

Γόρδῐον • (Górdĭon) n (genitive Γορδῐ́ου); second declension

Γόρδῐον (canonical)
Górdĭon (romanization)
Γορδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Γόρδῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Γορδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Γορδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Γόρδῐον (accusative singular)
Γόρδῐον (singular vocative)
Γόρδειον (alternative)

Greek:

Γόρδιον (Górdion)

Γόρδιο (Górdio)

Latin: Gordium

Turkish: Gordion

From Phrygian 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌 (Gordum, literally “city”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰ-os.


Γόρτυς

grc-proper noun

Γόρτῡς • (Górtūs) f (genitive Γόρτῡνος); third declension

Γόρτῡς (canonical)
Górtūs (romanization)
Γόρτῡνος (genitive)
ἡ Γόρτῡς (nominative singular)
τῆς Γόρτῡνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Γόρτῡνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Γόρτῡνᾰ (accusative singular)
Γόρτῡν (singular vocative)
Γόρτῡν (alternative)
Γορτῡ́νη (alternative)

Greek:

Γόρτυς (Górtys)

Γόρτυνα (Górtyna)

Latin: Gortȳs


Γρανικός

Γρᾱνῑκός • (Grānīkós) m (genitive Γρᾱνῑκοῦ); second declension

Γρᾱνῑκός (canonical)
Grānīkós (romanization)
Γρᾱνῑκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Γρᾱνῑκός (nominative singular)
τοῦ Γρᾱνῑκοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Γρᾱνῑκῷ (dative singular)
τὸν Γρᾱνῑκόν (accusative singular)
Γρᾱνῑκέ (singular vocative)
Γρήνῑκός (alternative Epic)

Greek: Γρανικός (Granikós)

Latin: Grānīcus


Γύρτων

Γύρτων • (Gúrtōn) f (genitive Γύρτωνος); third declension

Gúrtōn (romanization)
Γύρτωνος (genitive)
ἡ Γύρτων (nominative singular)
τῆς Γύρτωνος (genitive singular)
τῇ Γύρτωνῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Γύρτωνᾰ (accusative singular)
Γύρτων (singular vocative)
Γυρτών (alternative)
Γυρτώνη (alternative)

Greek: Γύρτων (Gýrton); Γύρτωνα (Gýrtona)

Latin: Gyrton


Ἁλίαρτος

Ἁλίαρτος • (Halíartos) f (genitive Ἁλιάρτου); second declension

Halíartos (romanization)
Ἁλιάρτου (genitive)
ὁ Ἁλίαρτος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἁλιάρτου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἁλιάρτῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἁλίαρτον (accusative singular)
Ἁλίαρτε (singular vocative)

Greek: Αλίαρτος (Alíartos)

Latin: Haliartus

Italian: Aliarto


Ἁλικαρνασσός

Ἁλῐκαρνασσοῦ

Ἁλῐκαρνᾱσσός

Ἁλῐκαρνᾱσσός • (Halĭkarnāssós) f (genitive Ἁλῐκαρνασσοῦ); second declension

Ἁλῐκαρνᾱσσός (canonical)
Halĭkarnāssós (romanization)
Ἁλῐκαρνασσοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Ἁλικαρνᾱσσός (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἁλικαρνᾱσσοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἁλικαρνᾱσσῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἁλικαρνᾱσσόν (accusative singular)
Ἁλικαρνᾱσσέ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ἁλικαρνᾱσσός

desc

Αλικαρνασσός

Greek: Αλικαρνασσός (Alikarnassós)

Latin: Halicarnassus

Turkish: Halikarnassos

Unknown; suggested to be borrowed from or influenced by a Luwic substrate.

Halicarnassus; Petronium; Bodrum, Turkey


Ἡράκλανον

grc-proper noun

Ἡράκλᾱνον • (Hēráklānon) n (genitive Ἡρακλᾱ́νου); second declension

Ἡράκλᾱνον (canonical)
Hēráklānon (romanization)
Ἡρακλᾱ́νου (genitive)
τὸ Ἡράκλᾱνον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἡρακλᾱ́νου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἡρακλᾱ́νῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Ἡράκλᾱνον (accusative singular)
Ἡράκλᾱνον (singular vocative)

Greek: Ηράκλανο (Iráklano)

Italian: Ercolano

From Latin Herculanum, Herculāneum, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειον (Hērákleion), from Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês, “Heracles”).


Ἑσπερίς

Ἑσπερῐ́ς • (Hesperĭ́s) f (genitive Ἑσπερῐ́δος); third declension

Ἑσπερῐ́ς (canonical)
Hesperĭ́s (romanization)
Ἑσπερῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Ἑσπερῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ Ἑσπερῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ Ἑσπερῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς Ἑσπερῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ἑσπερῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ἑσπερῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ Ἑσπερῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ἑσπερῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Ἑσπερῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
Ἑσπερῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Hesperĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs Hesperĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν Ἑσπερῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Ἑσπερῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Ἑσπερῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Ἑσπερῐ́ς (singular vocative)
Ἑσπερῐ́δε (dual vocative)
Ἑσπερῐ́δες (plural vocative)

English: Hesperid

Greek: Εσπερίς (Esperís)

Latin: Hesperis

Translingual: Hesperis

From Ἕσπερος (Hésperos, “Hesperus”) + -ῐς (-ĭs).

af

a city in Cyrenaica, Libya, also called Εὐεσπερίδες (Euesperídes), relocated and renamed in the mid of the 3rd century BCE to Βερενίκη (Bereníkē), now known as Benghazi


Ἱμέρα

grc-proper noun

Ῑ̔μέρᾱ • (Hīmérā) f (genitive Ῑ̔μέρᾱς); first declension

Ῑ̔μέρᾱ (canonical)
Hīmérā (romanization)
Ῑ̔μέρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ῑ̔μέρᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῑ̔μέρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῑ̔μέρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῑ̔μέρᾱν (accusative singular)
Ῑ̔μέρᾱ (singular vocative)

French: Himère

Greek: Ιμέρα (Iméra)

Italian: Imera

Latin: Himera

Spanish: Hímera


Ὕβλα

Ὕβλα • (Húbla) f (genitive Ὕβλᾱς); first declension

Húbla (romanization)
Ὕβλᾱς (genitive)
ᾱ̔ Ὕβλᾱ (nominative singular)
τᾶς Ὕβλᾱς (genitive singular)
τᾷ Ὕβλᾳ (dative singular)
τᾱ̀ν Ὕβλᾱν (accusative singular)
Ὕβλᾱ (singular vocative)
Ὕβλη (alternative Ionic)

Greek: Ύβλα (Ývla)

desctree

Latin: Hybla
English: Hybla
Italian: Ibla
Sicilian: Ibbla

Megara Hyblaea (Μέγαρα Ὑβλαία), Hybla Gereatis (Ὕβλα ἡ Γελεᾶτις), Hybla Heraea (Ὕβλα Ἡραία)

(toponym) The name of three ancient cities of Sicily, named after the goddess


Ὕκκαρα

grc-proper noun

Ὕκκᾰρᾰ • (Húkkără) n pl (genitive Ὑκκᾰ́ρων); second declension

Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (canonical)
Húkkără (romanization)
Ὑκκᾰ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὑκκᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ὑκκᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Ύκκαρα (Ýkkara)

Latin: Hyccara


Ὑδάσπης

Ῠ̔δάσπης • (Hŭdáspēs) m (genitive Ῠ̔δάσπου); first declension

Ῠ̔δάσπης (canonical)
Hŭdáspēs (romanization)
Ῠ̔δάσπου (genitive)
ὁ Ῠ̔δάσπης (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ῠ̔δάσπου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ῠ̔δάσπῃ (dative singular)
τὸν Ῠ̔δάσπην (accusative singular)
Ῠ̔δάσπη (singular vocative)
ὁ Ῠ̔δάσπης (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ῠ̔δάσπεω (genitive singular)
Ῠ̔δάσπω (genitive singular)
τῷ Ῠ̔δάσπῃ (dative singular)
τὸν Ῠ̔δάσπην (accusative singular)
Ῠ̔δάσπη (singular vocative)

Greek: Υδάσπης (Ydáspis)

→ Latin: Hydaspēs
→ English: Hydaspes

Borrowed from Sanskrit वितस्ता (vitastā). Proposed to have been borrowed from Old Persian *Vidāspa- (literally “caring for horses”), from *vīd- (“to take care of”) + 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p, “horse”) to explain the development -sp- instead of -st-, but this has no basis in any attested names for the river.

bor

Hydaspes, Jhelum (a river in Pakistan and India)


Ἰαλυσός

grc-proper noun

Ἰᾱλῡσός • (Iālūsós) f (genitive Ἰᾱλῡσοῦ); second declension

Ἰᾱλῡσός (canonical)
Iālūsós (romanization)
Ἰᾱλῡσοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Ἰᾱλῡσός (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἰᾱλῡσοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἰᾱλῡσῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἰᾱλῡσόν (accusative singular)
Ἰᾱλῡσέ (singular vocative)
Ἰηλυσός (alternative Ionic)

Greek: Ιαλυσός (Ialysós)

Latin: Iālȳsus

Ialysos (a town in Rhodes, Dodecanese, Greece)


Ἴασος

Ἴᾰσος • (Íăsos) f (genitive Ἰάσου); second declension

Ἴᾰσος (canonical)
Íăsos (romanization)
Ἰάσου (genitive)
ἡ Ἴᾰσος (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἰᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἰᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἴᾰσον (accusative singular)
Ἴᾰσε (singular vocative)
Ἴασσος (alternative)

Greek: Ίασος (Íasos)

→ Latin: Iasus, Iassus

→ Turkish: İasos


Ἰκόνιον

Ἰ̄κόνῐον • (Īkónĭon) n (genitive Ἰ̄κονῐ́ου); second declension

Ἰ̄κόνῐον (canonical)
Īkónĭon (romanization)
Ἰ̄κονῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ Ῑ̓κόνῐον (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ῑ̓κονῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ Ῑ̓κονῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸ Ῑ̓κόνῐον (accusative singular)
Ῑ̓κόνῐον (singular vocative)

Greek: Ικόνιο (Ikónio)

Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐍉 (Eikauniō)

→ Latin: Iconium

English: Iconium

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قونیه (Konya)
Turkish: Konya
English: Konya
→ Armenian: Ղոնիա (Ġonia)

Persian: قونیه (Quniye)

From Luwian Ikkuwaniya, from Hittite Kawana

Konya (a city in Turkey), the ancient Iconium


Ἰδομένη

grc-proper noun

Ῑ̓δομένη • (Īdoménē) f (genitive Ἰδομένης); first declension

Ῑ̓δομένη (canonical)
Īdoménē (romanization)
Ἰδομένης (genitive)
ἡ Ῑ̓δομένη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῑ̓δομένης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῑ̓δομένῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῑ̓δομένην (accusative singular)
Ῑ̓δομένη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ιδομένη (Idoméni)

Latin: Īdomenē

From Ῑ̓́δη (Ī́dē, “Ida”) + μένος (ménos, “force”) + -η (-ē).