ὄχος

grc-noun

ὄχος • (ókhos) m (genitive ὄχου); second declension

ókhos (romanization)
ὄχου (genitive)
ὁ ὄχος (nominative singular)
ὄχω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄχου (genitive singular)
ὄχοιν (dual genitive)
ὄχων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄχῳ (dative singular)
ὄχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄχοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὄχον (accusative singular)
ὄχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄχους (accusative plural)
ὄχε (singular vocative)
ὄχω (dual vocative)
ὄχοι (plural vocative)
ὄκχος (alternative poetic)

From Proto-Hellenic *wókʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *wóǵʰos, from *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀏 (wo-ka /wokʰa/, “vehicle”), Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha), Old Church Slavonic возъ (vozŭ). Also see ὀχέω (okhéō, “to carry”) and Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to carry, bear”).


ἅμαξα

grc-noun

ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ • (hắmaxă) f (genitive ᾰ̔μάξης); first declension

ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (canonical)
hắmaxă (romanization)
ᾰ̔μάξης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̔́μαξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̔μάξης (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔μάξαιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̔μαξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̔μάξῃ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔μάξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̔μάξαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̔́μαξᾰν (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔μάξᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́μαξᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔μάξᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔́μαξαι (plural vocative)
ἄμαξα (alternative)

Greek: άμαξα (ámaxa)

Latin: hamaxa

Traditionally derived from a compound of ἅμα (háma, “at once”) + the ἄξ- (áx-) in ἄξων (áxōn, “axle”) + -ια (-ia, “nominal suffix”), literally "one-axler". Other theories include a relation to ἄγω (ágō, “to lead, guide”), as well as Tocharian B amäkṣpänte (“wagonmaster”).
Beekes rejects these theories (noting that a "one-axler" formation makes less sense than a "two-axler" formation) and considers the word Pre-Greek, based on a variant ἀβακλή (abaklḗ).


ἅρμα

ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ • (hắrmă) n (genitive ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος); third declension

ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (canonical)
hắrmă (romanization)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (nominative singular)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτος (genitive singular)
ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ᾰ̔ρμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̔́ρμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hắrmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs hắrmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (accusative singular)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̔́ρμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άρμα (árma)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܡܐ (ʔarmā)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmn̥, from *h₂er- (“to fit together, join”), the same source as ἁρμός (harmós, “join”) and ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “join, fit together”).

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 9, 54, in Ralph Marcus (tr. & ed.), Josephus with an English translation, vol. 6 (Jewish Antiquities, books IX–XI), LCL, pages 30-31. Translation by Marcus, comment in square brackets not his.
Πέμπει τοιγαροῦν Ἄδαδος ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν δύναμιν πολλὴν ἵππων καὶ ἁρμάτων, ὅπως τὸν Ἐλισσαῖον λάβωσιν.
Pémpei toigaroûn Ádados epì tḕn pólin dúnamin pollḕn híppōn kaì harmátōn, hópōs tòn Elissaîon lábōsin.

Accordingly, Adados [Ben-Hadad] sent to that city a great force with horses and chariots in order to take Elisha.


δίφρος

δίφρος • (díphros) m (genitive δίφρου); second declension

díphros (romanization)
δίφρου (genitive)
ὁ δῐ́φρος (nominative singular)
δῐ́φρω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐ́φροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐ́φρου (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροιν (dual genitive)
δῐ́φρων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐ́φρῳ (dative singular)
δῐ́φροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐ́φροις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐ́φρον (accusative singular)
δῐ́φρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐ́φρους (accusative plural)
δῐ́φρε (singular vocative)
δῐ́φρω (dual vocative)
δῐ́φροι (plural vocative)
δῐ́φρος (nominative singular)
δῐ́φρω (dual nominative)
δῐ́φροι (nominative plural)
δῐ́φρου (genitive singular)
δῐφροῖο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροιο (genitive singular)
δῐφρόο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροο (genitive singular)
δῐ́φροιν (dual genitive)
δῐ́φροιῐν (dual genitive)
dĭ́phroin (dual genitive)
dĭ́phroiĭn (dual genitive)
δῐ́φρων (genitive plural)
δῐ́φρῳ (dative singular)
δῐ́φροιν (dative dual)
δῐ́φροιῐν (dative dual)
dĭ́phroin (dative dual)
dĭ́phroiĭn (dative dual)
δῐ́φροισῐ (dative plural)
δῐ́φροισῐν (dative plural)
δῐ́φροις (dative plural)
dĭ́phroisĭ (dative plural)
dĭ́phroisĭn (dative plural)
dĭ́phrois (dative plural)
δῐ́φρον (accusative singular)
δῐ́φρω (accusative dual)
δῐ́φρους (accusative plural)
δῐ́φρε (singular vocative)
δῐ́φρω (dual vocative)
δῐ́φροι (plural vocative)

Perhaps from δι- (di-, “two”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear”).

af

chariot-board, on which the warrior and the driver stood


ὄχεα

grc-noun

ὄχεα • (ókhea) n pl (genitive ὀχέων); ? declension

ókhea (romanization)
ὀχέων (genitive)
ὄχεᾰ (nominative plural)
ὀχέων (genitive plural)
ὄχεσφι (dative plural)
ὄχεσφιν (dative plural)
ókhesphi (dative plural)
ókhesphin (dative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Byform of ὄχος (ókhos), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”).


βᾶρις

grc-noun

βᾶρῐς • (bârĭs) f (genitive βᾱ́ρῐδος); third declension

βᾶρῐς (canonical)
bârĭs (romanization)
βᾱ́ρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βᾶρῐς (nominative singular)
βᾱ́ρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾱ́ρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾱ́ρῐδος (genitive singular)
βᾱρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
βᾱρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾱ́ρῐδῐ (dative singular)
βᾱρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾱ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
βᾱ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bā́rĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs bā́rĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν βᾱ́ρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
βᾱ́ρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾱ́ρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾶρῐς (singular vocative)
βᾱ́ρῐδε (dual vocative)
βᾱ́ρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ English: baris (learned)

→ Latin: bāris (see there for further descendants)

From Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship”), b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1

baris (a type of flat-bottomed freighter used on the Nile in Ancient Egypt)


κάρρον

κάρρον • (kárrhon) n (genitive κάρρου); second declension

kárrhon (romanization)
κάρρου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρρον (nominative singular)
κᾰ́ρρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́ρρου (genitive singular)
κᾰ́ρροιν (dual genitive)
κᾰ́ρρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́ρρῳ (dative singular)
κᾰ́ρροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́ρροις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρρον (accusative singular)
κᾰ́ρρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρρᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρρον (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρρᾰ (plural vocative)
κάρρος (alternative)

> Greek: κάρο n (káro) (inherited)

Borrowed from Latin carrum, neuter of carrus (see the variant κάρρος m (kárrhos)), itself from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”). Also see the Italian carro.


λαμπήνη

λᾰμπήνη • (lămpḗnē) f (genitive λᾰμπήνης); first declension

λᾰμπήνη (canonical)
lămpḗnē (romanization)
λᾰμπήνης (genitive)
ἡ λᾰμπήνη (nominative singular)
λᾰμπήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰμπῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰμπήνης (genitive singular)
λᾰμπήναιν (dual genitive)
λᾰμπηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰμπήνῃ (dative singular)
λᾰμπήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰμπήναις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰμπήνην (accusative singular)
λᾰμπήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰμπήνᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰμπήνη (singular vocative)
λᾰμπήνᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰμπῆναι (plural vocative)
λαπίνη (alternative)

Ending like ἀπήνη (apḗnē) and καπᾱ́να (kapā́na). According to Beekes, the word is evidently Pre-Greek, because of the prenasalization and the suffix -ήνη.


ἀπήνη

ἀπήνη • (apḗnē) f (genitive ἀπήνης); first declension

apḗnē (romanization)
ἀπήνης (genitive)
ἡ ἀπήνη (nominative singular)
ἀπήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀπῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀπήνης (genitive singular)
ἀπήναιν (dual genitive)
ἀπηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀπήνῃ (dative singular)
ἀπήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀπήναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀπήνην (accusative singular)
ἀπήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀπήνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀπήνη (singular vocative)
ἀπήνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀπῆναι (plural vocative)
πήνᾱ (alternative)
καπᾱ́νᾱ (alternative)
καπᾱ́νη (alternative)

A Northwest Semitic loanword, attested as Ugaritic 𐎀𐎔𐎐 (ảpn, “wheel of a chariot”) and Hebrew אוֹפַן (ʾōp̄án, “wheel of a chariot”). The clipped variant has perhaps been connected vulgarly with πήνη (pḗnē, “spool”).


ὄχημα

grc-noun

ὄχημᾰ • (ókhēmă) n (genitive ὀχήμᾰτος); third declension

ὄχημᾰ (canonical)
ókhēmă (romanization)
ὀχήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ὄχημᾰ (nominative singular)
ὀχήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀχήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
ὀχημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
ὀχημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀχήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
ὀχημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀχήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ὀχήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs okhḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs okhḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ὄχημᾰ (accusative singular)
ὀχήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄχημᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀχήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ὀχήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όχημα (óchima)

From ὀχέω (okhéō, “to hold; endure”) + -μα (-ma).


σκιάδειον

grc-noun

σκῐᾰ́δειον • (skĭắdeion) n (genitive σκῐᾰδείου); second declension

σκῐᾰ́δειον (canonical)
skĭắdeion (romanization)
σκῐᾰδείου (genitive)
τὸ σκῐᾰ́δειον (nominative singular)
σκῐᾰδείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῐᾰδείου (genitive singular)
σκῐᾰδείοιν (dual genitive)
σκῐᾰδείων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῐᾰδείῳ (dative singular)
σκῐᾰδείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῐᾰδείοις (dative plural)
τὸ σκῐᾰ́δειον (accusative singular)
σκῐᾰδείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῐᾰ́δειον (singular vocative)
σκῐᾰδείω (dual vocative)
σκῐᾰ́δειᾰ (plural vocative)


σατίνη

σᾰτῐ́νη • (sătĭ́nē) f (genitive σᾰτῐ́νης); first declension

σᾰτῐ́νη (canonical)
sătĭ́nē (romanization)
σᾰτῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰτῐ́νη (nominative singular)
σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰτῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰτῐ́νης (genitive singular)
σᾰτῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
σᾰτῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰτῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
σᾰτῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰτῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰτῐ́νην (accusative singular)
σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰτῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰτῐ́νη (singular vocative)
σᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰτῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

Clearly related to σάτιλλα (sátilla, “Big Dipper”). There is a certain similarity between σάτιλλα (sátilla) and Armenian սայլ (sayl, “cart, oxcart”). This should perhaps be explained as borrowing through, for example, Phrygian. Schmitt rather argues for a Thracian origin of σάτιλλα (sátilla), whereas remote resemblance of Armenian սայլ (sayl, “cart, oxcart”) with Georgian ეტლი (eṭli, “chariot”) is pointed out by Adontz. According to Beekes both words are from Pre-Greek, because they defy derivation from Indo-European.


ἄθρας

head

ἄθρας • (áthras)

Unexplained. Formerly compared with Sanskrit वन्धुर (vandhura, “seat of a charioteer”), taken as a wicker basket tied upon the wagon and connected with Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind, wrap”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). As the formation of the Sanskrit word is unclear, and the root is hardly attested outside Germanic, the connection must be false. Connection with κάναθρον (kánathron, “wicker carriage”) is improbable.

unk

Unexplained

cog

Hesychius gives the definition as: Rhodian word for ἅρμα (hárma, “chariot”).


καροῦχα

grc-noun

κᾰροῦχᾱ • (kăroûkhā) f (genitive κᾰροῦχᾱς); first declension

κᾰροῦχᾱ (canonical)
kăroûkhā (romanization)
κᾰροῦχᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰρούχᾱ (nominative singular)
κᾰρούχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰροῦχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰρούχᾱς (genitive singular)
κᾰρούχαιν (dual genitive)
κᾰρουχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰρούχᾳ (dative singular)
κᾰρούχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰρούχαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰρούχᾱν (accusative singular)
κᾰρούχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰρούχᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰρούχᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰρούχᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰροῦχαι (plural vocative)


κάρνον

κᾰ́ρνον • (kắrnon) n (genitive κᾰ́ρνου); second declension

κᾰ́ρνον (canonical)
kắrnon (romanization)
κᾰ́ρνου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́ρνον (nominative singular)
κᾰ́ρνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́ρνου (genitive singular)
κᾰ́ρνοιν (dual genitive)
κᾰ́ρνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́ρνῳ (dative singular)
κᾰ́ρνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́ρνοις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́ρνον (accusative singular)
κᾰ́ρνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρνᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρνον (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ρνω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́ρνᾰ (plural vocative)

From Gaulish carnon (“horn”), from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. From the same root are κέρας (kéras, “horn”), κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) and κάρηνον (kárēnon, “head; mountain top”).

Gallic horn, a wind instrument used by Celts