Ἱερουσαλήμ

grc-proper noun

Ἱερουσᾱλήμ • (Hierousālḗm) f or n pl (indeclinable)

Ἱερουσᾱλήμ (canonical)
Hierousālḗm (romanization)

→ Greek: Ιερουσαλήμ (Ierousalím)

→ Gothic: 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼 (iairusalēm)

desctree

→ Latin: Hierūsalēm
Old English: Hierusalem
English: Jerusalem
Old French: Jherusalem
French: Jérusalem

→ Coptic: ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ (hierousalēm)

Folk-etymological adaptation of Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

bor

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם


Ἱεροσόλυμα

grc-proper noun

Ῐ̔εροσόλυμᾰ • (Hĭerosólumă) n pl (indeclinable)

Ῐ̔εροσόλυμᾰ (canonical)
Hĭerosólumă (romanization)

Greek: Ιεροσόλυμα (Ierosólyma)

Latin: Hierosolyma

Alternative form of Ἱερουσᾱλήμ (Hierousālḗm)


Σόδομα

Σόδομᾰ • (Sódomă) n pl (genitive Σοδόμων); second declension

Σόδομᾰ (canonical)
Sódomă (romanization)
Σοδόμων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Σόδομᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Σοδόμων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Σοδόμοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Σόδομᾰ (accusative plural)
Σόδομᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Sodoma

→ English: Sodom

→ Old Irish: Sodam

(biblical) Sodom (a historical city in the Middle East)


Κολοσσαί

Κολοσσαί • (Kolossaí) f pl (genitive Κολοσσῶν); first declension

Kolossaí (romanization)
Κολοσσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κολοσσαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κολοσσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κολοσσαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κολοσσᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κολοσσαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κολοσσές (Kolossés)

Apparently feminine plural of κολοσσός (kolossós, “colossal”).

Colossae, a city in Phrygia, a region in Asia Minor


Γόμορρα

Γόμορρᾰ • (Gómorrhă) f (genitive Γομόρρᾱς); first declension

Γόμορρᾰ • (Gómorrhă) n pl (genitive Γομόρρων); second declension

Γόμορρᾰ (canonical)
Gómorrhă (romanization)
Γομόρρᾱς (genitive)
Γόμορρᾰ (canonical)
Gómorrhă (romanization)
Γομόρρων (genitive)
ἡ Γόμορρᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Γομόρρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Γομόρρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Γόμορρᾰν (accusative singular)
Γόμορρᾰ (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ Γόμορρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Γομόρρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Γομόρροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Γόμορρᾰ (accusative plural)
Γόμορρᾰ (plural vocative)

English: Gomorrah

Greek: Γόμορρα (Gómorra)

Latin: Gomorra

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew עֲמֹרָה (ʿămōrā).


Ἀθῆναι

Ἀθῆναι • (Athênai) f (genitive Ἀθηνῶν); first declension

Athênai (romanization)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἀθήναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)
αἱ Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀθηνέων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν Ἀθήνῃσῐ (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ Athḗnēisĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ Athḗnēisĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)
Ἀθῆναι (nominative plural)
Ἀθηνᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνέ͜ων (genitive plural)
Ἀθηνῶν (genitive plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐ (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃσῐν (dative plural)
Ἀθήνῃς (dative plural)
Ἀθήναις (dative plural)
Athḗnēisĭ (dative plural)
Athḗnēisĭn (dative plural)
Athḗnēis (dative plural)
Athḗnais (dative plural)
Ἀθήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀθῆναι (plural vocative)

Albanian: Athina

desc

Arabic: أَثِينَا (ʔaṯīnā)

Arabic: أَثِينَا (ʔaṯīnā)

Armenian: Աթենք (Atʻenkʻ)

Aromanian: Athena

Azerbaijani: Afina

Belarusian: Афіны (Afiny), Атэны (Ateny)

Bulgarian: Ати́на (Atína)

English: Athens

French: Athènes
→ Persian: آتن (âten)

German: Athen

Greek: Αθήνα (Athína)

Hebrew: אתונה (Atuna)

Italian: Atene

Latin: Athēnae
Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Macedonian: Атина (Atina)

Polish: Ateny

Romanian: Atena

Russian: Афи́ны (Afíny)

Serbo-Croatian: Ате́на, Aténa

Sicilian: Atini

Turkish: Atina

Ukrainian: Афі́ни (Afíny), Ате́ни (Atény)

Venetan: Atene


πυρά

grc-noun

πυρά • (purá) n (genitive πυρῶν); second declension

purá (romanization)
πυρῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ πῠρᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν πῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς πῠροῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ πῠρᾰ́ (accusative plural)
πῠρᾰ́ (plural vocative)
πῠρᾰ́ (nominative plural)
πῠρῶν (genitive plural)
πῠροῖσῐ (dative plural)
πῠροῖσῐν (dative plural)
πῠροῖς (dative plural)
pŭroîsĭ (dative plural)
pŭroîsĭn (dative plural)
pŭroîs (dative plural)
πῠρᾰ́ (accusative plural)
πῠρᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Derived from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Originally the plural.


Συράκουσαι

grc-proper noun

Συρᾱ́κουσαι • (Surā́kousai) f pl (genitive Συρακουσῶν); first declension

Συρᾱ́κουσαι (canonical)
Surā́kousai (romanization)
Συρακουσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Σῠρᾱκουσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Σῠρᾱκούσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σῠρᾱκούσᾱς (accusative plural)
Σῠρᾱ́κουσαι (plural vocative)

desc

Arabic: سيراقوسة

Arabic: سيراقوسة

Greek: Συρακούσες (Syrakoúses)

Latin: Syrācūsae

French: Syracuse

English: Syracuse

Italian: Siracusa

Spanish: Siracusa

Sicilian: Saragusa (“g” is mostly silent)

Attested by 8th century BC, from a Pre-Greek word, possibly Phoenician 𐤔𐤄𐤓𐤀𐤇 (šhrʾḥ, “to feel ill”) in reference to the port's proximity to a swamp.


Βοανεργές

grc-proper noun

Βοανεργές • (Boanergés) m pl (indeclinable)

→ English: Boanerges

desc

𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃

→ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (bauanairgais)

→ Latin: Boanerges

Traditionally glossed "sons of thunder"; apparently from Aramaic בני רגז (bəney rəgaz, literally “sons of rage”)

bor

Boanerges, an epithet given by Jesus to the disciples James and John.


ἑξήκοντα

grc-noun

ἑξήκοντᾰ • (hexḗkontă) m pl (indeclinable)

ἑξήκοντᾰ (canonical)
hexḗkontă (romanization)
οἱ ἑξήκοντᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἑξήκοντᾰ (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἑξήκοντᾰ (dative plural)
τοὺς ἑξήκοντᾰ (accusative plural)
ἑξήκοντᾰ (plural vocative)

From the Proto-Indo-European *sweḱsḱomth₂, from the earlier *swéḱs-dḱomt-h₂ (“six-ten”); see *swéḱs(d)ḱomt. Cognate with the Latin sexāgintā and the Old Armenian վաթսուն (vatʻsun).

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 14.614d


πλοῦτος

πλοῦτος • (ploûtos) m or n (genitive πλούτου or πλούτους, variously declined); second declension, third declension

ploûtos (romanization)
πλούτου (genitive)
πλούτους (genitive)
genitive πλούτου (romanization)
πλούτους (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ πλοῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλούτω (dual nominative)
οἱ πλοῦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλούτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλούτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλούτων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλούτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλούτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλούτοις (dative plural)
τὸν πλοῦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ πλούτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλούτους (accusative plural)
πλοῦτε (singular vocative)
πλούτω (dual vocative)
πλοῦτοι (plural vocative)
τὸ πλοῦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλούτει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλούτη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλούτους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλουτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλουτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλούτει (dative singular)
τοῖν πλουτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλούτεσῐ (dative plural)
πλούτεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ploútesĭ (dative plural)
toîs ploútesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ πλοῦτος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλούτει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλούτη (accusative plural)
πλοῦτος (singular vocative)
πλούτει (dual vocative)
πλούτη (plural vocative)

Greek: πλούτος (ploútos)

From the root of πλέω (pléō, “to float, sail”) (perhaps in some early meaning of "flow" > "abound") with the suffix -τος (-tos); for the suffix, compare βίοτος (bíotos, “life”), νόστος (nóstos, “journey, return”).

οὐδέ σ’ ὀΐω […] ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν.
oudé s’ oḯō […] áphenos kaì ploûton aphúxein.

nor do I intend […] to pile up riches and wealth for you.

πολλοὶ οὖν,” ἦ δ’ ὅς, “ψυχὰς πονηρὰς ἔχοντες ἠμφιεσμένοι εἰσὶ […] πλούτους
polloì oûn,” ê d’ hós, “psukhàs ponēràs ékhontes ēmphiesménoi eisì […] ploútous

“Now many,” said he, “who have wicked souls are clad in […] wealth


Μυκῆναι

grc-proper noun

Μῠκῆναι • (Mŭkênai) f pl (genitive Μῠκηνῶν); first declension

Μῠκῆναι (canonical)
Mŭkênai (romanization)
Μῠκηνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Μῠκῆναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Μῠκηνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Μῠκήναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Μῠκήνᾱς (accusative plural)
Μῠκῆναι (plural vocative)

Greek: Μυκήνες (Mykínes)

desctree

Latin: Mycēnae, Mycēna, Mycēnē
Italian: Micene
English: Mycenae

Russian: Мике́ны (Mikény)


Θῆβαι

grc-proper noun

Θῆβαι • (Thêbai) f pl (genitive Θηβῶν); first declension

Thêbai (romanization)
Θηβῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θῆβαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θηβῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θήβαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θήβᾱς (accusative plural)
Θῆβαι (plural vocative)

→ Breton: Teba

→ Coptic: ⲑⲉⲃⲁⲓⲥ (thebais)

→ Czech: Théby

→ Danish: Theben

→ Dutch: Thebe

→ English: Thebes

→ Esperanto: Tebo

Greek: Θήβες (Thíves)

→ Hungarian: Théba

→ Italian: Tebe

→ Japanese: テーベ (Tēbe)

→ Latin: Thebae

→ Polish: Teby

→ Portuguese: Tebas

From Egyptian Demotic tꜣ-jpy (“Thebes”, literally “the temple”), from earlier Egyptian tꜣ (“the”) + i-p:t-O45 (jpt, “Luxor”, literally “inner sanctum”).

bor

Thebes, the name of a city in Upper Egypt (including today's Karnak and Luxor)


Ἀχαρναί

grc-proper noun

Ἀχαρναί • (Akharnaí) f pl (genitive Ἀχαρνῶν); first declension

Akharnaí (romanization)
Ἀχαρνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἀχαρναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀχαρνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἀχαρναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀχαρνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ἀχαρναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Αχαρναί (Acharnaí); Αχαρνές (Acharnés)

→ Latin: Acharnae


Ἄλπεις

Ἄλπεις • (Álpeis) f pl (genitive Ἄλπεων); third declension

Álpeis (romanization)
Ἄλπεων (genitive)
αἱ Ᾰ̓́λπεις (nominative plural)
τῶν Ᾰ̓́λπεων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ᾰ̓́λπεσῐ (dative plural)
Ᾰ̓́λπεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs Ắlpesĭ (dative plural)
taîs Ắlpesĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ᾰ̓́λπεις (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓́λπεις (plural vocative)

Greek: Άλπεις (Álpeis)


Ἀμύκλαι

Ἀμῠ́κλαι • (Amŭ́klai) f pl (genitive Ἀμῠκλῶν); first declension

Ἀμῠ́κλαι (canonical)
Amŭ́klai (romanization)
Ἀμῠκλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἀμῠ́κλαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀμῠκλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἀμῠ́κλαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀμῠ́κλᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀμῠ́κλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Αμύκλαι (Amýklai); Αμύκλες (Amýkles)

Latin: Amyclae, Amynclae


Ἄναια

Ἄναιᾰ • (Ánaiă) n pl (genitive Ἀναίων); second declension

Ἄναιᾰ (canonical)
Ánaiă (romanization)
Ἀναίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ἄναιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀναίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἀναίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ἄναιᾰ (accusative plural)
Ἄναιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Άναια (Ánaia)

Latin: Anaea


Ἀπατούρια

Ἀπᾰτούρῐα • (Apătoúrĭa) n pl (genitive Ἀπᾰτουρίων); second declension

Ἀπᾰτούρῐα (canonical)
Apătoúrĭa (romanization)
Ἀπᾰτουρίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ἀπατούριᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀπατουρίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἀπατουρίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ἀπατούριᾰ (accusative plural)
Ἀπατούριᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Απατούρια (Apatoúria)

Latin: Apatūria


Ἀφίδναι

Ἀφῐ́δναι • (Aphĭ́dnai) f pl (genitive Ἀφῐδνῶν); first declension

Ἀφῐ́δναι (canonical)
Aphĭ́dnai (romanization)
Ἀφῐδνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ᾰ̓φῐ́δναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ᾰ̓φῐδνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ᾰ̓φῐ́δναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ᾰ̓φῐ́δνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ᾰ̓φῐ́δναι (plural vocative)

Greek: Αφίδναι (Afídnai)

Latin: Aphidnae


Ἀργινοῦσαι

Ἀργινοῦσαι • (Arginoûsai) f pl (genitive Ἀργινουσῶν); first declension

Arginoûsai (romanization)
Ἀργινουσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἀργινοῦσαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀργινουσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἀργινούσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἀργινούσᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἀργινοῦσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Αργινούσαι (Arginoúsai); Αργινούσες (Arginoúses)

→ Latin: Arginūsae


Ἀρτάξατα

Ἀρτάξᾰτᾰ • (Artáxătă) n pl (genitive Ἀρταξάτων); second declension

Ἀρτάξᾰτᾰ (canonical)
Artáxătă (romanization)
Ἀρταξάτων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ἀρτάξατᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀρταξάτων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἀρταξάτοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ἀρτάξατᾰ (accusative plural)
Ἀρτάξατᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Αρτάξατα (Artáxata)

Latin: Artaxata

Borrowed from Old Armenian Արտաշատ (Artašat).


Βαΐαι

Βαΐαι • (Baḯai) f pl (genitive Βαϊῶν); first declension

Baḯai (romanization)
Βαϊῶν (genitive)
αἱ Βᾰῐ̈́αι (nominative plural)
τῶν Βᾰῐ̈ῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Βᾰῐ̈́αις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Βᾰῐ̈́ᾱς (accusative plural)
Βᾰῐ̈́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: Βαΐαι (Vaḯai); Βαΐες (Vaḯes)


Γάδειρα

Γᾱ́δειρᾰ • (Gā́deiră) n pl (genitive Γᾱδείρων); second declension

Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (canonical)
Gā́deiră (romanization)
Γᾱδείρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Γᾱδείρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Γᾱδείροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (accusative plural)
Γᾱ́δειρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Γάδειρα (Gádeira)

desctree

→ Latin: Gādēs
→ French: Gadès
⇒ Latin: Gādītānus
→ Catalan: gadità
→ English: Gaditanian
→ French: gaditan
→ Italian: gaditano
→ Portuguese: gaditano
→ Spanish: gaditano
→ Arabic: قَادِس (qādis)
Hijazi Arabic: قادس (gādis)
→ Galician: Cais
→ Spanish: Cádiz
→ English: Cádiz, Cadiz
→ Italian: Cadice, Càdice
→ French: Cadix
→ Venetan: Càdice

From Phoenician 𐤂𐤃𐤓 (gdr /gādēr, gādīr/, literally “wall”).

bor

Cadiz (a port city in Andalusia, Spain).


Κάνναι

grc-proper noun

Κᾰ́νναι • (Kắnnai) f pl (genitive Κᾰννῶν); first declension

Κᾰ́νναι (canonical)
Kắnnai (romanization)
Κᾰννῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κᾰ́νναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Κᾰννῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κᾰ́νναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κᾰ́ννᾱς (accusative plural)
Κᾰ́νναι (plural vocative)

Italian: Canne della Battaglia

Latin: Cannae

Canne della Battaglia
Canne della Battaglia


Κάρραι

Κάρραι • (Kárrhai) f pl (genitive Καρρῶν); first declension

Kárrhai (romanization)
Καρρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κᾰ́ρραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Κᾰρρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κᾰ́ρραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κᾰ́ρρᾱς (accusative plural)
Κᾰ́ρραι (plural vocative)

Greek: Κάρρες (Kárres)

→ Latin: Carrhae


Κελαιναί

Κελαιναί • (Kelainaí) f pl (genitive Κελαινῶν); first declension

Kelainaí (romanization)
Κελαινῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κελαιναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κελαινῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κελαιναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κελαινᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κελαιναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κελαινές (Kelainés)

→ Latin: Celaenae


Κεγχρεαί

Κεγχρεαί • (Kenkhreaí) f pl (genitive Κεγχρεῶν); first declension

Kenkhreaí (romanization)
Κεγχρεῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κεγχρεαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κεγχρεῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κεγχρεαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κεγχρεᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κεγχρεαί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Κεχριές (Kechriés), Κεχρεές (Kechreés)

Latin: Cenchreae

Cenchreae, Kechries (a region, a Corinthia in Greece)


Κεγχρειαί

grc-proper noun

Κεγχρειαί • (Kenkhreiaí) f pl (genitive Κεγχρειῶν); first declension

Kenkhreiaí (romanization)
Κεγχρειῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κεγχρειαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κεγχρειῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κεγχρειαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κεγχρειᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κεγχρειαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κεγχρειές (Kenchreiés)

Alternative form of Κεγχρεαί (Kenkhreaí, “Cenchrea; Kechries, Greece”)


χάος

grc-noun

χᾰ́ος • (khắos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension

χᾰ́ος (canonical)
khắos (romanization)
χᾰ́εος (genitive)
χᾰ́ους (genitive)
τὸ χᾰ́ος (nominative singular)
τοῦ χᾰ́ους (genitive singular)
τῷ χᾰ́ει (dative singular)
τὸ χᾰ́ος (accusative singular)
χᾰ́ος (singular vocative)

Greek: χάος (cháos)

→ English: chaos

→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)

→ Danish: kaos

→ Dutch: gas

→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)

desctree

→ Latin: chaos
French: chaos
Italian: caos, caosse, cao
Portuguese: caos
Romanian: haos, caos
Spanish: caos

→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)

→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)
Belarusian: хао́с (xaós)
Carpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)
Ukrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)

→ Norwegian: kaos

→ Danish: kaos

→ Polish: chaos

→ Swedish: kaos

→ Finnish: kaaos

→ Japanese: カオス

→ Turkish: kaos

Likely related to χαῦνος (khaûnos, “porous, loose-grained”) (via an earlier form χάος (kháos) < *χάϝος (*kháwos)), with original meaning "hole, empty space, yawning opening"; from this spring the traditional connections with χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”), χήμη (khḗmē, “gaping; clam”). If so, then likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”); cognates thus include Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”) and Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”) (< *gʰéh₂mr̥/n-). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to "mouth" before shifting to "palate".
An alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”).
The oft-compared χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”) is likely not related.

der

chaos, the primordial state of existence


Κλαζομεναί

grc-proper noun

Κλαζομεναί • (Klazomenaí) f pl (genitive Κλαζομενῶν); first declension

Klazomenaí (romanization)
Κλαζομενῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κλᾰζομεναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κλᾰζομενῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κλᾰζομεναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κλᾰζομενᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κλᾰζομεναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κλαζομενές (Klazomenés)

Latin: Clazomenae

Turkish: Kilizman

Ancient Greek κλάζω (klázō) + -μέναι (-ménai), referring to the honking of wild swans.

Clazomenae; Klazomenai; Kilizman, Turkey


Κλεωναί

Κλεωναί • (Kleōnaí) f pl (genitive Κλεωνῶν); first declension

Kleōnaí (romanization)
Κλεωνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κλεωναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κλεωνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κλεωναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κλεωνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κλεωναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κλεωνές (Kleonés)

Latin: Cleōnae

Cleonae, Kleones (an ancient city in Argolis, Greece)


Κολωναί

Κολωναί • (Kolōnaí) f pl (genitive Κολωνῶν); first declension

Kolōnaí (romanization)
Κολωνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κολωναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κολωνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κολωναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κολωνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κολωναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Κολωνές (Kolonés)

Latin: Colōnae


Κυνὸς Κεφαλαί

Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλαί

Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλῶν

Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλαί • (Kŭnòs Kephălaí) f pl (genitive Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλῶν); first declension

Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλαί (canonical)
Kŭnòs Kephălaí (romanization)
Κῠνὸς Κεφᾰλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κυνος Κεφαλαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Κυνος Κεφαλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κυνος Κεφαλαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κυνος Κεφαλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Κυνος Κεφαλαί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Κυνὸς Κεφαλή

Κυνὸς Κεφαλής

Although not shown in this table, the first word κυνὸς always carries a grave accent.

desc

Κυνός Κεφαλές

Greek: Κυνός Κεφαλές (Kynós Kefalés)

Latin: Cynoscephalae

From κῠνός (kŭnós, genitive of κῠ́ων (kŭ́ōn, “dog”)) + κεφᾰλαί (kephălaí, plural of κεφᾰλή (kephălḗ, “head”)).

affix

genitive of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κῠ́ων</i> (kŭ́ōn, “dog”)

plural of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κεφᾰλή</i> (kephălḗ, “head”)

Cynoscephalae, the location of the Battle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly, near modern Larissa


Κύθηρα

grc-proper noun

Κῠ́θηρᾰ • (Kŭ́thēră) n pl (genitive Κῠθήρων); second declension

Κῠ́θηρᾰ (canonical)
Kŭ́thēră (romanization)
Κῠθήρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Κῠ́θηρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Κῠθήρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Κῠθήροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Κῠ́θηρᾰ (accusative plural)
Κῠ́θηρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Κύθηρα n pl (Kýthira, “Kythira”)

Italian: Cerigo

Latin: Cythera

According to Beekes, stem ending -ηρ implies a Pre-Greek origin (except for -τηρ).

Kythira (also spelt Cythera, Kythera or Kithira), one of the seven major Ionian Islands, Greece.

Ᾰ̓ντῐκῠ́θηρᾰ

Ăntĭkŭ́thēră


Δαναοί

grc-noun

Δᾰνᾰοί • (Dănăoí) m pl (genitive Δᾰνᾰῶν); second declension

Δᾰνᾰοί (canonical)
Dănăoí (romanization)
Δᾰνᾰῶν (genitive)
οἱ Δᾰνᾰοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δᾰνᾰῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Δᾰνᾰοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Δᾰνᾰούς (accusative plural)
Δᾰνᾰοί (plural vocative)
Δᾰνᾰοί (nominative plural)
Δᾰνᾰῶν (genitive plural)
Δᾰνᾰοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Δᾰνᾰοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Δᾰνᾰοῖς (dative plural)
Dănăoîsĭ (dative plural)
Dănăoîsĭn (dative plural)
Dănăoîs (dative plural)
Δᾰνᾰούς (accusative plural)
Δᾰνᾰοί (plural vocative)

Latin: Danaī

Homer, Iliad 1.56

Homer, Odyssey 4.278

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, A. 66

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 9.72

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 13.145

415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 1122

310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Lau.Pall. 142

Strabo, Geography 12.8.7

Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 5.130

300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 1.280

Palatine Anthology 9.385.13


Δαφναί

grc-proper noun

Δᾰφναί • (Dăphnaí) f pl (genitive Δᾰφνῶν); first declension

Δᾰφναί (canonical)
Dăphnaí (romanization)
Δᾰφνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Δᾰφναί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δᾰφνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Δᾰφναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Δᾰφνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Δᾰφναί (plural vocative)

Greek: Δαφνές (Dafnés)

Latin: Daphnae


Δελφοί

Δελφοί • (Delphoí) m pl (genitive Δελφῶν); second declension

Delphoí (romanization)
Δελφῶν (genitive)
οἱ Δελφοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δελφῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Δελφοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Δελφούς (accusative plural)
Δελφοί (plural vocative)
οἱ Δελφοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Δελφῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν Δελφοῖσῐ (dative plural)
Δελφοῖσῐν (dative plural)
Δελφοῖς (dative plural)
toîsĭ Delphoîsĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ Delphoîsĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
Delphoîs (dative plural)
τοὺς Δελφούς (accusative plural)
Δελφοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Δελφοί (Delfoí)

Latin: Delphī

From the plural of δελφύς (delphús, “womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ-, see also Sanskrit गर्भ (garbha).

Delphi (a town in Phocis, Greece, the site of the Delphic oracle)


Ἐκβάτανα

Ἐκβᾰ́τᾰνᾰ • (Ekbắtănă) n pl (genitive Ἐκβᾰτᾰ́νων); second declension

Ἐκβᾰ́τᾰνᾰ (canonical)
Ekbắtănă (romanization)
Ἐκβᾰτᾰ́νων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ἐκβᾰ́τᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἐκβᾰτᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἐκβᾰτᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ἐκβᾰ́τᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
Ἐκβᾰ́τᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Εκβάτανα (Ekvátana)

Latin: Ecbatana, Ecbatanas

From Old Median; see Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (Hangmatāna) for more.


Ἐλευθεραί

Ἐλευθεραί • (Eleutheraí) f pl (genitive Ἐλευθερῶν); first declension

Eleutheraí (romanization)
Ἐλευθερῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἐλευθεραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἐλευθερῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἐλευθεραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἐλευθερᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ἐλευθεραί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ελευθερές (Eleftherés)

Latin: Eleutherae

Presumably from ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”).


Ἐρυθραί

Ἐρῠθραί • (Erŭthraí) f pl (genitive Ἐρῠθρῶν); first declension

Ἐρῠθραί (canonical)
Erŭthraí (romanization)
Ἐρῠθρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἐρῠθραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἐρῠθρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἐρῠθραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἐρῠθρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ἐρῠθραί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ερυθρές (Erythrés)

Latin: Erythrae

Turkish: Ildırı


Ὕκκαρα

Ὕκκᾰρᾰ • (Húkkără) n pl (genitive Ὑκκᾰ́ρων); second declension

Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (canonical)
Húkkără (romanization)
Ὑκκᾰ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὑκκᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ὑκκᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
Ὕκκᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Ύκκαρα (Ýkkara)

Latin: Hyccara


Ὑσιαί

Ὑσιαί • (Husiaí) f pl (genitive Ὑσιῶν); first declension

Husiaí (romanization)
Ὑσιῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ὑσιαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὑσιῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ὑσιαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ὑσιᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ὑσιαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Υσιές (Ysiés)

Latin: Hysiae


Λεῦκτρα

Λεῦκτρᾰ • (Leûktră) n pl (genitive Λεύκτρων); second declension

Λεῦκτρᾰ (canonical)
Leûktră (romanization)
Λεύκτρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Λεῦκτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Λεύκτρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Λεύκτροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Λεῦκτρᾰ (accusative plural)
Λεῦκτρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Λεύκτρα (Léfktra)

Latin: Leuctra


Μίνως

Μῑ́νως • (Mī́nōs) m (genitive Μῑ́νωος or Μῑ́νω, variously declined); third declension, Attic declension

Μῑ́νως (canonical)
Mī́nōs (romanization)
Μῑ́νωος (genitive)
Μῑ́νω (genitive)
genitive Μῑ́νωος (romanization)
Μῑ́νω (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ Μῑ́νως (nominative singular)
τοῦ Μῑ́νωος (genitive singular)
τῷ Μῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
Μῑ́νωῐ̈ (dative singular)
τὸν Μῑ́νω (accusative singular)
Μῑ́νωᾰ (accusative singular)
Μῑ́νως (singular vocative)
ὁ Μῑ́νως (nominative singular)
τοῦ Μῑ́νω (genitive singular)
τῷ Μῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Μῑ́νω (accusative singular)
Μῑ́νων (accusative singular)
tòn Mī́nō (accusative singular)
tòn Mī́nōn (accusative singular)
Μῑ́νως (singular vocative)

Greek: Μίνως (Mínos)

Latin: Mīnōs

Turkish: Minos

From the Cretan Ancient Greek word for "king" ; further origin unknown. Appearing in Minoan Linear A tablets is 𐘻𐘯𐘃 (mi-nu-te), which is possibly related.


Μύλασα

Μύλᾰσᾰ • (Múlăsă) f (genitive Μυλάσης); first declension

Μύλᾰσᾰ • (Múlăsă) n pl (genitive Μυλάσων); second declension

Μύλᾰσᾰ (canonical)
Múlăsă (romanization)
Μυλάσης (genitive)
Μύλᾰσᾰ (canonical)
Múlăsă (romanization)
Μυλάσων (genitive)
ἡ Μῠ́λᾰσᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Μῠλᾰ́σης (genitive singular)
τῇ Μῠλᾰ́σῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Μῠ́λᾰσᾰν (accusative singular)
Μῠ́λᾰσᾰ (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ Μῠ́λᾰσᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Μῠλᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Μῠλᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Μῠ́λᾰσᾰ (accusative plural)
Μῠ́λᾰσᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Μύλασα (Mýlasa)

Latin: Mylasa

Turkish: Milas


Οἰνιάδαι

Οἰνιᾰ́δαι • (Oiniắdai) m pl (genitive Οἰνιᾰδῶν); first declension

Οἰνιᾰ́δαι (canonical)
Oiniắdai (romanization)
Οἰνιᾰδῶν (genitive)
οἱ Οἰνιᾰ́δαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Οἰνιᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Οἰνιᾰ́δαις (dative plural)
τοὺς Οἰνιᾰ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
Οἰνιᾰ́δαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Οινιάδες (Oiniádes)

Latin: Oeniadae

Oeniadae; Oiniades, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece


Ὄλπαι

Ὄλπαι • (Ólpai) f pl (genitive Ὀλπῶν); first declension

Ólpai (romanization)
Ὀλπῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ὄλπαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὀλπῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ὄλπαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ὄλπᾱς (accusative plural)
Ὄλπαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Όλπες (Ólpes)

Latin: Olpae


Ὀλύμπια

Ὀλύμπῐᾰ • (Olúmpĭă) n pl (genitive Ὀλυμπῐ́ων); second declension

Ὀλύμπῐᾰ (canonical)
Olúmpĭă (romanization)
Ὀλυμπῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Ὀλύμπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὀλυμπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ὀλυμπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Ὀλύμπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
Ὀλύμπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Ολύμπια (Olýmpia)


Ὀρνεαί

Ὀρνεαί • (Orneaí) f pl (genitive Ὀρνεῶν); first declension

Orneaí (romanization)
Ὀρνεῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ὀρνεαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὀρνεῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ὀρνεαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ὀρνεᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Ὀρνεαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ορνεές (Orneés)

Latin: Orneae


Παγασαί

Πᾰγᾰσαί • (Păgăsaí) f pl (genitive Πᾰγᾰσῶν); first declension

Πᾰγᾰσαί (canonical)
Păgăsaí (romanization)
Πᾰγᾰσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πᾰγᾰσαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Πᾰγᾰσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πᾰγᾰσαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πᾰγᾰσᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Πᾰγᾰσαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Παγασές (Pagasés)

Latin: Pagasae

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι, ὡς ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο, κατασπάσαντες τὰς νέας ἔπλεον παρὰ τὴν ἤπειρον, κάμψαντες δὲ τὴν ἄκρην τῆς Μαγνησίης ἰθέαν ἔπλεον ἐς τὸν κόλπον τὸν ἐπὶ Παγασέων φέροντα.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.193

The barbarians, when the wind ceased and the waves no longer ran high, put to sea and coasted along the mainland; they sailed around the headland of Magnesia and sailed straight into the gulf which stretches toward Pagasae.

hoi dè bárbaroi, hōs epaúsató te ho ánemos kaì tò kûma éstrōto, kataspásantes tàs néas épleon parà tḕn ḗpeiron, kámpsantes dè tḕn ákrēn tês Magnēsíēs ithéan épleon es tòn kólpon tòn epì Pagaséōn phéronta.


Παναθήναια

Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ • (Pănăthḗnaiă) n pl (genitive Πᾰνᾰθηναίων); second declension

Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (canonical)
Pănăthḗnaiă (romanization)
Πᾰνᾰθηναίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Πᾰνᾰθηναίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Πᾰνᾰθηναίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (accusative plural)
Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Παναθήναια (Panathínaia)

From πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē, “Athena”) + -ιον (-ion).


Πασαργάδαι

grc-proper noun

Πασαργᾰ́δαι • (Pasargắdai) f pl (genitive Πασαργᾰδῶν); first declension

Πασαργᾰ́δαι (canonical)
Pasargắdai (romanization)
Πασαργᾰδῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πασαργᾰ́δαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Πασαργᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πασαργᾰ́δαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πασαργᾰ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
Πασαργᾰ́δαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Πασαργάδες (Pasargádes)

Latin: Pasargadae

desc

Persian: پاسارگاد

Persian: پاسارگاد

From Old Median Pāθragadā- (literally “protective mace”), from *pāθra- (“protective object”) + *gadā- (“mace”); the first element is from Proto-Iranian *paHθra, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-trom; the second element is from Proto-Iranian *gádaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gádaH.


Πάτραι

grc-proper noun

Πᾰ́τραι • (Pắtrai) f pl (genitive Πᾰτρῶν); first declension

Πᾰ́τραι (canonical)
Pắtrai (romanization)
Πᾰτρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πᾰ́τραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Πᾰτρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πᾰ́τραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πᾰ́τρᾱς (accusative plural)
Πᾰ́τραι (plural vocative)

English: Patras

Greek: Πάτρα (Pátra)

Italian: Patrasso

Latin: Patrae

Turkish: Ballıbadra; Patras

Named after Πᾰτρεύς (Pătreús, “Patreus”), the city's legendary founder


Πηγαί

Πηγαί • (Pēgaí) f pl (genitive Πηγῶν); first declension

Pēgaí (romanization)
Πηγῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πηγαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Πηγῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πηγαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πηγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Πηγαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Πηγές (Pigés)

Latin: Pēgae


Φεραί

Φεραί • (Pheraí) f pl (genitive Φερῶν); first declension

Pheraí (romanization)
Φερῶν (genitive)
αἱ Φεραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Φερῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Φεραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Φερᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Φεραί (plural vocative)

Greek: Φερές (Ferés)

Latin: Pherae


Φίλαι

Φῐ́λαι • (Phĭ́lai) f pl (genitive Φῐλῶν); first declension

Φῐ́λαι (canonical)
Phĭ́lai (romanization)
Φῐλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Φῐ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Φῐλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Φῐ́λαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Φῐ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
Φῐ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Φίλες (Fíles)

Latin: Philae

From Demotic p-ꜣlq, from Late Egyptian p(ꜣ)-jw-rq (“Philae”, literally “the Island of the Turning”). Compare Sahidic Coptic ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ (pilak), Bohairic Coptic ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ (pilakh), Meroitic 𐦧𐦢𐦬𐦡𐦳𐦡 (pileqe).


Πλαταιαί

grc-proper noun

Πλᾰταιαί • (Plătaiaí) f pl (genitive Πλᾰταιῶν); first declension

Πλᾰταιαί (canonical)
Plătaiaí (romanization)
Πλᾰταιῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πλᾰταιαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Πλᾰταιῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πλᾰταιαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πλᾰταιᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Πλᾰταιαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Πλαταιές (Plataiés)

Latin: Plataeae

Alternative form of Πλᾰ́ταιᾰ (Plắtaiă, “Plataea, Boeotia, Greece”)


Θερμοπύλαι

Θερμοπῠ́λαι • (Thermopŭ́lai) f pl (genitive Θερμοπῠλῶν); first declension

Θερμοπῠ́λαι (canonical)
Thermopŭ́lai (romanization)
Θερμοπῠλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θερμοπῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θερμοπῠλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θερμοπῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θερμοπῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
Θερμοπῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Θερμοπύλες (Thermopýles, “Thermopylae”)

→ English: Hot Gates (calque)

desctree

→ Latin: Thermopylae
→ English: Thermopylae

From θερμο- (thermo-, “warm, hot”) + πῠ́λη (pŭ́lē, “gates”).


Πρασιαί

grc-proper noun

Πρᾰσιαί • (Prăsiaí) f pl (genitive Πρᾰσιῶν); first declension

Πρᾰσιαί (canonical)
Prăsiaí (romanization)
Πρᾰσιῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πρᾰσιαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Πρᾰσιῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πρᾰσιαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πρᾰσιᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Πρᾰσιαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Πρασιές (Prasiés)

Latin: Prasiae


Πύλαι

Πῠ́λαι • (Pŭ́lai) f pl (genitive Πῠλῶν); first declension

Πῠ́λαι (canonical)
Pŭ́lai (romanization)
Πῠλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Πῠλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
Πῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Πύλες (Pýles)

Latin: Pylae


Σάρδεις

Σάρδεις • (Sárdeis) f pl (genitive Σάρδεων); third declension

Sárdeis (romanization)
Σάρδεων (genitive)
αἱ Σᾰ́ρδεις (nominative plural)
τῶν Σᾰ́ρδεων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Σᾰ́ρδεσῐ (dative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs Sắrdesĭ (dative plural)
taîs Sắrdesĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σᾰ́ρδεις (accusative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδεις (plural vocative)
αἱ Σάρδῑς (nominative plural)
τῶν Σᾰ́ρδεων (genitive plural)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν Σᾰ́ρδεσῐ (dative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδεσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ Sắrdesĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ Sắrdesĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σάρδῑς (accusative plural)
Σάρδῑς (plural vocative)

Greek: Σάρδεις (Sárdeis)

desctree

→ Latin: Sardīs, Sardēs
→ English: Sardis

→ Turkish: Sardes, Sart


Σύβοτα

grc-proper noun

Σῠ́βοτᾰ • (Sŭ́botă) n pl (genitive Σῠβότων); second declension

Σῠ́βοτᾰ (canonical)
Sŭ́botă (romanization)
Σῠβότων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Σῠ́βοτᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Σῠβότων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Σῠβότοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Σῠ́βοτᾰ (accusative plural)
Σῠ́βοτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: Σύβοτα (Sývota)

→ Italian: Sibota

→ Latin: Sybota

From σῠβότης (sŭbótēs), σῠβώτης (sŭbṓtēs, “swineherd”).


Ταρσοί

Ταρσοί • (Tarsoí) m pl (genitive Ταρσῶν); second declension

Tarsoí (romanization)
Ταρσῶν (genitive)
οἱ Ταρσοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ταρσῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ταρσοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Ταρσούς (accusative plural)
Ταρσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: Ταρσοί (Tarsoí)

Latin: Tarsī

Alternative form of Ταρσός (Tarsós, “Tarsus”)


Τέμπη

Τέμπη • (Témpē) n pl (genitive Τεμπῶν); third declension

Témpē (romanization)
Τεμπῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Τέμπη (nominative plural)
τῶν Τεμπῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Τέμπεσῐ (dative plural)
Τέμπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs Témpesĭ (dative plural)
toîs Témpesĭn (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Τέμπη (accusative plural)
Τέμπη (plural vocative)

Greek: Τέμπη (Témpi)

Latin: Tempē


Θεράπναι

Θερᾰ́πναι • (Therắpnai) f pl (genitive Θερᾰπνῶν); first declension

Θερᾰ́πναι (canonical)
Therắpnai (romanization)
Θερᾰπνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θερᾰ́πναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θερᾰπνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θερᾰ́πναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θερᾰ́πνᾱς (accusative plural)
Θερᾰ́πναι (plural vocative)

Greek: Θεράπνες (Therápnes)

Latin: Therapnae

Therapne, Therapnae, Therapnes (a city in Laconia, Greece)


Θεσπιαί

Θεσπῐαί • (Thespĭaí) f pl (genitive Θεσπῐῶν); first declension

Θεσπῐαί (canonical)
Thespĭaí (romanization)
Θεσπῐῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θεσπῐαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Θεσπῐῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θεσπῐαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θεσπῐᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Θεσπῐαί (plural vocative)

Greek: Θεσπιές (Thespiés)

Latin: Thespiae


Θίσβαι

Θῐ́σβαι • (Thĭ́sbai) f pl (genitive Θῐσβῶν); first declension

Θῐ́σβαι (canonical)
Thĭ́sbai (romanization)
Θῐσβῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θῐ́σβαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θῐσβῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θῐ́σβαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θῐ́σβᾱς (accusative plural)
Θῐ́σβαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Θίσβες (Thísves)

Latin: Thisbae


Θούριοι

Θούρῐοι • (Thoúrĭoi) m pl (genitive Θουρῐ́ων); second declension

Θούρῐοι (canonical)
Thoúrĭoi (romanization)
Θουρῐ́ων (genitive)
οἱ Θούρῐοι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θουρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Θουρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τοὺς Θουρῐ́ους (accusative plural)
Θούρῐοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Θούριοι (Thoúrioi)

Latin: Thūriī

Thurii (an ancient city in Magna Graecia, near modern Sibari, Calabria, Italy)


νόθος

grc-noun

νόθος • (nóthos) m (genitive νόθου); second declension

nóthos (romanization)
νόθου (genitive)
ὁ νόθος (nominative singular)
τὼ νόθω (dual nominative)
οἱ νόθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νόθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νόθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νόθων (genitive plural)
τῷ νόθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νόθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νόθοις (dative plural)
τὸν νόθον (accusative singular)
τὼ νόθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νόθους (accusative plural)
νόθε (singular vocative)
νόθω (dual vocative)
νόθοι (plural vocative)

→ English: nothogenus, nothospecies

Greek: νόθος (nóthos)

→ Latin: nothus

(plural only, in Egypt) a class of temple-attendants


ἀκτή

ἀκτή • (aktḗ) f (genitive ἀκτῆς); first declension

aktḗ (romanization)
ἀκτῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκτή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκτή (singular vocative)
ἀκτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκταί (plural vocative)

Greek: ακτή (aktí)

Unclear. Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) is possible according to Frisk, but if Furnée is right in comparing this word with ὄχθη (ókhthē, “riverbank”), it could be a Pre-Greek word.

ὦ πότνια χθὼν καὶ πότνι’ ἀκτὴ
χώματος […]
ô pótnia khthṑn kaì pótni’ aktḕ
khṓmatos […]

Aeschylus, Libation Bearers, 721 (Herbert Weir Smyth, 1926 translation)

O hallowed earth, and hallowed
barrow raised high […]


ὄσσε

ὄσσε • (ósse) n du (genitive ὄσσοιν); second declension

ósse (romanization)
ὄσσοιν (genitive)
τὼ ὄσσε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄσσε (nominative plural)
τοῖν ὄσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄσσων (genitive plural)
τοῖν ὄσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄσσοις (dative plural)
τὼ ὄσσε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄσσε (accusative plural)
ὄσσε (dual vocative)
ὄσσε (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *óťťe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷih₁, dual of *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), root noun of *h₃ekʷ- (“to see, eye”). Cognates include Latin oculus (“eye”), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi), Old Armenian ակն (akn), աչք (ačʻkʻ), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō), Proto-Slavic *oko, Old English ēage (English eye).

τὸν τόθ’ ὑπ’ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε
θέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα:
tòn tóth’ hup’ Idomenêï Poseidáōn edámasse

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.434–435

thélxas ósse phaeiná, pédēse dè phaídima guîa:

[…] λάκε δ’ ὀστέα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε
πὰρ ποσὶν αἱματόεντα χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν,
ἰδνώθη δὲ πεσών: […]
[…] láke d’ ostéa, tṑ dé hoi ósse
pàr posìn haimatóenta khamaì péson en koníēisin,
idnṓthē dè pesṓn: […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.616–618

κοίμησόν μοι Ζηνὸς ὑπ’ ὀφρύσιν ὄσσε φαεινὼ
αὐτίκ’ ἐπεί κεν ἐγὼ παραλέξομαι ἐν φιλότητι.
koímēsón moi Zēnòs hup’ ophrúsin ósse phaeinṑ

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.236–237

autík’ epeí ken egṑ paraléxomai en philótēti.

[…] πυρὶ δ’ ὄσσε δεδήει.
[…] purì d’ ósse dedḗei.

οὔτε νεώτατός ἐσσι μετ’ Ἀργείοισι τοσοῦτον,
οὔτέ τοι ὀξύτατον κεφαλῆς ἐκδέρκεται ὄσσε:
oúte neṓtatós essi met’ Argeíoisi tosoûton,

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.476–477

oúté toi oxútaton kephalês ekdérketai ósse:

βῆ δ’ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,
ὅς τ’ εἶσ’ ὑόμενος καὶ ἀήμενος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε
δαίεται: […]
bê d’ ímen hṓs te léōn oresítrophos alkì pepoithṓs,
hós t’ eîs’ huómenos kaì aḗmenos, en dé hoi ósse
daíetai: […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.130–132

[…] ἐκ δέ οἱ ὤμων
ἣν ἑκατὸν κεφαλαὶ ὄφιος, δεινοῖο δράκοντος,
γλώσσῃσιν δνοφερῇσι λελιχμότες, ἐκ δέ οἱ ὄσσων
θεσπεσίῃς κεφαλῇσιν ὑπ’ ὀφρύσι πῦρ ἀμάρυσσεν·
[…] ek dé hoi ṓmōn
hḕn hekatòn kephalaì óphios, deinoîo drákontos,
glṓssēisin dnopherêisi lelikhmótes, ek dé hoi óssōn

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 824–827

thespesíēis kephalêisin hup’ ophrúsi pûr amárussen;

δακρυσίστακτα δ’ ἀπ’ ὄσσων
ῥαδινὰν λειβομένα ῥέος παρειὰν
νοτίοις ἔτεγξα παγαῖς:
dakrusístakta d’ ap’ óssōn
rhadinàn leiboména rhéos pareiàn

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 400–402

ante AD 8th C., Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 3.400.5

ἐν μέσσωι δ’ ἀδάμαντος ἔην Φόβος οὔ τι φατειός,
ἔμπαλιν ὄσσοισιν πυρὶ λαμπομένοισι δεδορκώς·
en méssōi d’ adámantos éēn Phóbos oú ti phateiós,

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 144–145

émpalin óssoisin purì lampoménoisi dedorkṓs;

Τὸν μὲν ἔπειτ’ εἴασε Διὸς ταλακάρδιος υἱός,
αὐτὸς δὲ βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρην προσιόντα δοκεύσας,
δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι, λέων ὣς σώματι κύρσας,
ὅς τε μάλ’ ἐνδυκέως ῥινὸν κρατεροῖς ὀνύχεσσι
σχίσσας ὅττι τάχιστα μελίφρονα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα·
ἐμ μένεος δ’ ἄρα τοῦ γε κελαινὸν πίμπλαται ἦτορ·
γλαυκιόων δ’ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους
οὐρῆι μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν
ἔτλη ἐς ἄντα ἰδὼν σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι·
Tòn mèn épeit’ eíase Diòs talakárdios huiós,
autòs dè brotoloigòn Árēn prosiónta dokeúsas,
deinòn horôn óssoisi, léōn hṑs sṓmati kúrsas,
hós te mál’ endukéōs rhinòn krateroîs onúkhessi
skhíssas hótti tákhista melíphrona thumòn apēúra;
em méneos d’ ára toû ge kelainòn pímplatai êtor;
glaukióōn d’ óssois deinòn pleurás te kaì ṓmous
ourêi mastióōn possìn gláphei, oudé tis autòn

750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 424–432

étlē es ánta idṑn skhedòn elthémen oudè mákhesthai;

ὄσταθι κἄντα ⟨θᾶ με φίλαν⟩ φίλος
καὶ τὰν ἐπ’ ὄσσοισ’ ὀμπέτασον χάριν.
óstathi kánta ⟨thâ me phílan⟩ phílos

630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Collected Works 29

[…] φοβερὰ
δ’ ἐμοῖσιν ὄσσοις ὀμίχλα
προσῇξε πλήρης δακρύων
σὸν δέμας εἰσιδούσᾳ
πέτραις προσαυαινόμενον
ταῖσδ’ ἀδαμαντοδέτοισι λύμαις.
[…] phoberà
d’ emoîsin óssois omíkhla
prosêixe plḗrēs dakrúōn
sòn démas eisidoúsāi
pétrais prosauainómenon

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 144–147

[…] βουκόλος δὲ γηγενὴς
ἄκρατος ὀργὴν Ἄργος ὡμάρτει, πυκνοῖς
ὄσσοις δεδορκὼς τοὺς ἐμοὺς κατὰ στίβους.
[…] boukólos dè gēgenḕs
ákratos orgḕn Árgos hōmártei, puknoîs

525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 677–679

óssois dedorkṑs toùs emoùs katà stíbous.

[…] βάλλεται γὰρ ὄσ-
σοις Διόθεν κάρανα.
[…] bálletai gàr ós-

τὸν δ’ ἀγρίοις ὄσσοισι παπτήνας ὁ παῖς,
πτύσας προσώπῳ κοὐδὲν ἀντειπών, ξίφους
ἕλκει διπλοῦς κνώδοντας. […]
tòn d’ agríois óssoisi paptḗnas ho paîs,
ptúsas prosṓpōi koudèn anteipṓn, xíphous
hélkei diploûs knṓdontas. […]

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ichneutae 47

1115 – 1195, Eustathius of Thessalonica, Collected Works 58.28

5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον


Γόριλλαι

grc-proper noun

Γόριλλαι • (Górillai) f pl (genitive Γοριλλῶν); first declension

Górillai (romanization)
Γοριλλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Γόρῐλλαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Γορῐλλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Γορῐ́λλαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Γορῐ́λλᾱς (accusative plural)
Γόρῐλλαι (plural vocative)

→ English: Gorillai

→ Latin: gorilla

→ English: gorilla

→ French: gorille

→ Italian: gorilla

Likely Punic, though possibly ultimately from an African word (used to describe hairy people) that entered Greek via Punic.

5th century BC, Ἅννων ὁ Καρχηδόνιος, Ἅννωνος Περίπλους
πολὺ δὲ πλείους ἦσαν γυναῖκες, δασεῖαι τοῖς σώμασιν, ἃς οἱ ἑρμηνέες ἐκάλουν Γορίλλας.
polù dè pleíous êsan gunaîkes, daseîai toîs sṓmasin, hàs hoi hermēnées ekáloun Goríllas.

There were far more women, who were hairy on their bodies; these the interpreters called Gorillas.

Hanno the Navigator
w:Hanno the Navigator

Gorillai (a tribe of hairy women described by Hanno the Navigator)


Πιθηκοῦσαι

Πιθηκοῦσαι • (Pithēkoûsai) f pl (genitive Πιῐθηκουσῶν); first declension

Pithēkoûsai (romanization)
Πιῐθηκουσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Πῐθηκοῦσαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Πῐθηκουσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πῐθηκούσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πῐθηκούσᾱς (accusative plural)
Πῐθηκοῦσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: Πιθηκούσες (Pithikoúses)

Latin: Pithēcūsae

From The contracted feminine *πῐθηκόεσσᾰ (*pĭthēkóessă), from *πῐθηκόεις (*pĭthēkóeis, “ape-like”), from πῐ́θηκος (pĭ́thēkos, “ape”) + -εις (-eis).


κάστανα

grc-noun

κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ • (kắstănă) n pl (genitive κᾰστᾰ́νων); second declension

κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (canonical)
kắstănă (romanization)
κᾰστᾰ́νων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κᾰστᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κᾰστᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κάστανο (kástano)

→ Arabic: كستناء (kastanāʔ) (see there for further descendants)

q

via variant <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ</i> (kăstắneiă)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܢܝܐ (qasṭāniyā) (via variant κᾰστᾰ́νειᾰ (kăstắneiă))

→ Arabic: كستانية (kastāniya)

→ Latin: castanea (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: կաստանայ (kastanay)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كستانه (kestane) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from a substrate, either Pre-Greek or Anatolian. Compare also Old Armenian կասկ (kask, “chestnut”) and Albanian thanë (“cranberry shrub; cornel”) (< Proto-Albanian *tsàna), which appear to be from the same Mediterranean substrate. Has been claimed by ancient writers to derive from Καστανέα (Kastanéa), a location in Magnesia, Thessalia, but the location itself is most likely named after the tree.
Other theories link the word as potentially from Doric Greek κάστον (káston, “wood”).


Πλειάδες

grc-proper noun

Πλειάδες • (Pleiádes) f pl (genitive Πλειάδων); third declension

Pleiádes (romanization)
Πλειάδων (genitive)
αἱ Πλειᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῶν Πλειᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Πλειᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
Πλειᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Pleiắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs Pleiắsĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Πλειᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Πλειᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: Πλειάδες (Pleiádes)

→ Asturian: Pléyades

→ Basque: Pleiade

→ Breton: Pleiadezed

→ Bulgarian: Плеяди (Plejadi)

→ Catalan: Plèiades

→ Mandarin: 普勒阿得斯 (Pǔlè'ādésī)

→ Czech: Plejády

→ Danish: Plejaderne

→ Dutch: Pleiaden

→ Esperanto: Plejadoj

→ Estonian: Plejaadid

→ Finnish: Plejadit, plejadi

→ French: Pléiades

→ Galician: Pléiades

→ Georgian: პლეადები (ṗleadebi)

→ German: Plejaden

desc

פְּלִיאָדוֹת

→ Hebrew: פְּלִיאָדוֹת (Pliadót)

→ Hungarian: pleiaszok, Plejádok

→ Ido: Pleyado

→ Italian: Pleiadi

→ Japanese: プレイアデス (Pureiadesu)

→ Korean: 플레이아데스 (Peulleiadeseu)

→ Latin: Plēiadēs

→ Latvian: Plejādes

→ Lithuanian: Plejadės

→ Luxembourgish: Pleiaden

→ Norwegian: Pleiadene

→ Occitan: pleiades

→ Polish: plejada, Plejady

→ Portuguese: Plêiades

→ Romanian: Pleiada

→ Russian: Плея́ды (Plejády)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Plejade

→ Slovak: Plejády

→ Slovene: Plejade

→ Spanish: Pléyades

→ Swedish: Plejaderna

→ Thai: ไพลยาดีส (plaiyaadèet)

→ Ukrainian: Плея́ди (Plejády)

Apparently from πλέω (pléō, “to sail”) because of the star cluster’s importance in delimiting the sailing season in the Mediterranean Sea: "the season of navigation began with their heliacal rising". The mythological sisters were probably named after the star cluster, rather than vice versa.
The singular Πλειάς (Pleiás) is sometimes found referring to the star cluster.

(Greek mythology) Pleiades (seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione)


γέννα

grc-noun

γέννᾰ or γέννᾱ • (génnă or génnā) f (genitive γέννης or γέννᾱς); first declension

γέννᾰ (canonical)
γέννᾱ (canonical)
génnă (romanization)
génnā (romanization)
γέννης (genitive)
γέννᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γέννᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γέννης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γέννῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γένναις (dative plural)
τὴν γέννᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γέννᾱς (accusative plural)
γέννᾰ (singular vocative)
γέννᾱ (dual vocative)
γένναι (plural vocative)
ἡ γέννᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γέννᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γένναι (nominative plural)
τῆς γέννᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γένναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γεννῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γέννᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γένναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γένναις (dative plural)
τὴν γέννᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γέννᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γέννᾱς (accusative plural)
γέννᾱ (singular vocative)
γέννᾱ (dual vocative)
γένναι (plural vocative)

Greek: γέννα (génna)

→ Amharic: ገና (gäna)

→ Tigre: ገና (gäna)

A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”), though the exact morphological and phonological development is unclear.

der

Medieval (Byzantine) Greek: γέννα • (génna) f (genitive γέννας); first declension

also see τὰ Γέννα • (tà Génna) n pl (genitive Γέννων); second declension (6th century CE): Christmas


μουστάκια

grc-noun

μουστάκια • (moustákia) n pl (genitive μουστακίων); second declension

moustákia (romanization)
μουστακίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μουστάκιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μουστακίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μουστακίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μουστάκιᾰ (accusative plural)
μουστάκιᾰ (plural vocative)

(Byzantine) mustaceus (a kind of wedding cake made with must and baked on laurel leaves)


μεθοδικοί

μεθοδῐκοί • (methodĭkoí) m pl (genitive μεθοδῐκῶν); second declension

μεθοδῐκοί (canonical)
methodĭkoí (romanization)
μεθοδῐκῶν (genitive)
οἱ μεθοδῐκοί (nominative plural)
τῶν μεθοδῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς μεθοδῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς μεθοδῐκούς (accusative plural)
μεθοδῐκοί (plural vocative)

From μεθοδῐκός (methodĭkós): as a noun, a substantivisation of its masculine plural forms; as an adjective, regularly declined forms.

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, On Sects for Beginners 6

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, On My Own Books 1

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 10.140

Epigr.Gr. 306

“methodic” physicians (as opposed to rationalists and empirics)


Πράσινοι

grc-proper noun

Πράσινοι • (Prásinoi) m pl (indeclinable)

From Latin prasinī, from Ancient Greek πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos, “leek-green”), from πράσον (práson, “leek”) + -ινος (-inos, “-ine: forming adjectives”).

suffix

(Byzantine, sports) the Greens, one of the usual chariot-racing factions of Rome, Constantinople, and other major cities of the empire


γάρσανα

grc-noun

γάρσᾰνᾰ • (gársănă) n pl (genitive γαρσάνων); second declension

γάρσᾰνᾰ (canonical)
gársănă (romanization)
γαρσάνων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ γάρσᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν γαρσᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τοῖς γαρσᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ γάρσᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
γάρσᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Hesychius Γ

(plural only) glossed by Hesychius as φρύγανα (phrúgana, “sticks, firewood”)


Ἀριθμοί

grc-proper noun

Ἀρῐθμοί • (Arĭthmoí) m pl (genitive Ἀρῐθμῶν); second declension

Ἀρῐθμοί (canonical)
Arĭthmoí (romanization)
Ἀρῐθμῶν (genitive)
οἱ Ἀρῐθμοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀρῐθμῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἀρῐθμοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Ἀρῐθμούς (accusative plural)
Ἀρῐθμοί (plural vocative)

Use as a proper noun of the plural of ἀρῐθμός (arĭthmós, “number”).


Λύστρα

Λῠ́στρᾱ • (Lŭ́strā) f (genitive Λῠ́στρᾱς); first declension

Λῠ́στρᾰ • (Lŭ́stră) n pl (genitive Λῠ́στρων); second declension

Λῠ́στρᾱ (canonical)
Lŭ́strā (romanization)
Λῠ́στρᾱς (genitive)
Λῠ́στρᾰ (canonical)
Lŭ́stră (romanization)
Λῠ́στρων (genitive)
ἡ Λῠ́στρᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Λῠ́στρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Λῠ́στρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Λῠ́στρᾱν (accusative singular)
Λῠ́στρᾱ (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ Λῠ́στρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Λῠ́στρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Λῠ́στροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Λῠ́στρᾰ (accusative plural)
Λῠ́στρᾰ (plural vocative)


αἱρέσια

grc-noun

αἱρέσῐᾰ • (hairésĭă) n (genitive αἱρεσῐ́ων); second declension

αἱρέσῐᾰ (canonical)
hairésĭă (romanization)
αἱρεσῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ αἱρέσῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν αἱρεσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς αἱρεσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ αἱρέσῐᾰ (accusative plural)
αἱρέσῐᾰ (plural vocative)

(plural only) dues paid on discharge of cargoes


Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

grc-proper noun

Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου

Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου • (Thrênoi Ieremíou) m pl (genitive Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου); second declension

Thrênoi Ieremíou (romanization)
Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου (genitive)
οἱ Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου (nominative plural)
τῶν Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου (genitive plural)
τοῖς Θρήνοις Ἰερεμίου (dative plural)
τοὺς Θρήνους Ἰερεμίου (accusative plural)
Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου (plural vocative)

grc-decl-blank-M-plur

Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνοις Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνους Ἰερεμίου

grc-decl-art

Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνοις Ἰερεμίου

Θρήνους Ἰερεμίου

grc-decl-blank-plur

οἱ Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

τῶν Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου

τοῖς Θρήνοις Ἰερεμίου

τοὺς Θρήνους Ἰερεμίου

Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου

Declension of Θρῆνοι Ἰερεμίου, Θρήνων Ἰερεμίου

(biblical) the Lamentations of Jeremiah (book of the Old Testament)


δεῦρο

head

δεῦρο • (deûro)

Probably a combination of demonstrative Proto-Indo-European *de, whence also the enclitic -δε (-de, denoting motion towards), + Proto-Indo-European *ure, *uro (“where”), whence Lithuanian aurè, Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (auuara), Old Armenian ուր (ur), Umbrian 𐌖𐌓𐌖 (uru). A Mycenaean Greek cognate may exist in the first element, *𐀆𐀸𐀫 (de-we-ro), of 𐀆𐀸𐀫𐁁𐀒𐀨𐀂𐀊 (de-we-ro-a3-ko-ra-i-ja, “a part of the kingdom of Pylos”).
The expected proximal destination demonstrative reflex is ἐνθάδε (entháde), but it has become the proximal place one, leaving this word as the specifically destination one.

never used in Classical Attic proseRelative also used in exclamations

indefinite relative used in indirect questions

385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 217e

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 814d

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 292c

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.453

(rhetoric) up to this point of the argument


Ἀραμαῖοι

grc-noun

Ἀραμαῖοι • (Aramaîoi) m pl (genitive Ἀραμαίων); second declension

Aramaîoi (romanization)
Ἀραμαίων (genitive)
οἱ Ἀραμαῖοι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀραμαίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ἀραμαίοις (dative plural)
τοὺς Ἀραμαίους (accusative plural)
Ἀραμαῖοι (plural vocative)

Greek: Αραμαίοι (Aramaíoi)

→ Latin: Aramaeī (see there for further descendants)

From Aramaic ܐܪܡܝܐ / אָרָמָיָא (ʾārāmāyā).

bor

ܐܪܡܝܐ / אָרָמָיָא

Aramaic ܐܪܡܝܐ / אָרָמָיָא (ʾārāmāyā)

the Aramaeans (Aramaic-speaking Semitic tribes who settled in northern Syria and Mesopotamia)


Γένεσις

grc-proper noun

Γένεσῐς • (Génesĭs) f (genitive Γενέσεως); third declension

Γένεσῐς (canonical)
Génesĭs (romanization)
Γενέσεως (genitive)
ἡ Γένεσῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Γενέσεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Γενέσει (dative singular)
τὴν Γένεσῐν (accusative singular)
Γένεσῐ (singular vocative)

Greek: Γένεση (Génesi)

and see languages → Geineasas, Genèse, Genesi, Genesis, Génesis, Gênesis, Geneza, Genezo, Henesis

Hellenistic Koine from γένεσις (“origin, creation”).

Genesis. The title of the first book of the Bible and Pentateuch as in the Septuagint translation in Greek.


ἐμπειρικοί

grc-noun

ἐμπειρῐκοί • (empeirĭkoí) m pl (genitive ἐμπειρῐκῶν); second declension

ἐμπειρῐκοί (canonical)
empeirĭkoí (romanization)
ἐμπειρῐκῶν (genitive)
οἱ ἐμπειρῐκοί (nominative plural)
τῶν ἐμπειρῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἐμπειρῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς ἐμπειρῐκούς (accusative plural)
ἐμπειρῐκοί (plural vocative)

From ἐμπειρῐκός (empeirĭkós): as a noun, a substantivisation of its masculine plural forms in elliptical use for οἱ ἰατροὶ ἐμπειρικοί (hoi iatroì empeirikoí, “the physicians who heal based of their experience”); as an adjective, regularly declined forms.


μύξα

μῠ́ξᾰ • (mŭ́xă) n pl (genitive μῠ́ξων); second declension

μῠ́ξᾰ (canonical)
mŭ́xă (romanization)
μῠ́ξων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μῠ́ξᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μῠ́ξων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μῠ́ξοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μῠ́ξᾰ (accusative plural)
μῠ́ξᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myxa

The origin is unknown. Compare Armenian մամուխ (mamux, “sloe”).

unk

unknown


μῆρα

grc-noun

μῆρᾰ • (mêră) n pl (genitive μήρων); second declension

μῆρᾰ (canonical)
mêră (romanization)
μήρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μῆρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μήρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μήροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μῆρᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆρᾰ (plural vocative)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.464

500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Fr. 3.4

421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1088

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.179

thigh-bones (femora) wrapped in two folds of fat for votive immolation


ἐλᾶαι στοιχάδες

ἐλᾶαι στοιχᾰ́δες

ἐλᾱῶν στοιχᾰ́δων

ἐλᾶαι στοιχᾰ́δες • (elâai stoikhắdes) f pl (genitive ἐλᾱῶν στοιχᾰ́δων); first declension

ἐλᾶαι στοιχᾰ́δες (canonical)
elâai stoikhắdes (romanization)
ἐλᾱῶν στοιχᾰ́δων (genitive)

Literally “olive-trees [planted] in rows one behind another”.

638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, ap. Poll. 5.36

Philoch. 62

ἐλαῖαι μορίαι
ἐλαῖαι μορίαι#Ancient_Greek

olive trees which are not sacred, in contrast with the ἐλαῖαι μορίαι (elaîai moríai)


Στοιχάδες

grc-proper noun

Στοιχᾰ́δες • (Stoikhắdes) f pl (genitive Στοιχᾰ́δων); third declension

Στοιχᾰ́δες (canonical)
Stoikhắdes (romanization)
Στοιχᾰ́δων (genitive)
αἱ Στοιχᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῶν Στοιχᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Στοιχᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
Στοιχᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Stoikhắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs Stoikhắsĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Στοιχᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Στοιχᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

A substantivisation of στοιχάς (stoikhás, “in rows one behind another”, adjective), in elliptical use for αἱ στοιχάδες [νῆσοι] (hai stoikhádes [nêsoi]), used as a proper noun. Compare Κυκλάδες (Kukládes) and Σποράδες (Sporádes).

300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, 4 554

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 184

a row of islands off Marseille, now the Frioul archipelago


στοιχειωματικοί

grc-noun

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοί

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκῶν

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοί • (stoikheiōmătĭkoí) m pl (genitive στοιχειωμᾰτῐκῶν); second declension

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοί (canonical)
stoikheiōmătĭkoí (romanization)
στοιχειωμᾰτῐκῶν (genitive)
οἱ στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοί (nominative plural)
τῶν στοιχειωμᾰτῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς στοιχειωμᾰτῐκούς (accusative plural)
στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκός

στοιχειωμᾰτῐκοῦ

Substantivisation of the masculine plural of the assumed adjective *στοιχειωμᾰτῐκός (*stoikheiōmătĭkós), from στοιχεώμᾰτᾰ (stoikheṓmătă, “the signs of the Zodiac”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós).

suffix

Ps.-Ptol., Centil. 9

persons who cast nativities from the signs of the Zodiac


Στοιχειώσεις

grc-proper noun

Στοιχειώσεων

Στοιχειώσεις • (Stoikheiṓseis) f pl (genitive Στοιχειώσεων); third declension

Stoikheiṓseis (romanization)
Στοιχειώσεων (genitive)
αἱ Στοιχειώσεις (nominative plural)
τῶν Στοιχειώσεων (genitive plural)
ταῖς Στοιχειώσεσῐ (dative plural)
Στοιχειώσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs Stoikheiṓsesĭ (dative plural)
taîs Stoikheiṓsesĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Στοιχειώσεις (accusative plural)
Στοιχειώσεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Στοιχειώσεως

Στοιχειώσεις

Στοιχειώσεις

Use as a proper noun of the plural of στοιχείωσῐς (stoikheíōsĭs).

3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 10.44


Θῖναι

grc-proper noun

Θῖναι • (Thînai) m pl (genitive Θῑνῶν); first declension

Thînai (romanization)
Θῑνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θῖναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θῑνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
Θῖναι (plural vocative)

From Θῖνα (Thîna) + -αι (-ai, “fem. pl.”), of uncertain etymology, but probably from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Μετὰ δὲ ταύτην τὴν χώραν ὑπ’ αὐτὸν ἤδη τὸν βορέαν, ἔξωθεν εἰς Θινός τινα τόπον ἀποληγούσης τῆς θαλάσσης, παράκειται ἐν αὐτῇ πόλις μεσόγειος μεγίστη, λεγομένη Θῖναι, ἀφ ἧς τό τε ἔριον καὶ τὸ νῆμα καὶ τὸ ὀθόνιον τὸ Σηρικὸν εἰς τὰ Βαρύγαζα διὰ Βάκτρων πεζῇ φέρεται καὶ εἰς τὴν Λιμυρικὴν πάλιν διὰ τοῦ Γάγγου ποταμοῦ. Εἰς δὲ τὴν Θῖνα ταύτην οὐκ ἔστιν εὐχερῶς ἀπελθεῖν· σπανίως γὰρ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς τινὲς οὐ πολλοὶ ἔρχονται.

c. C.E. 50, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, paragraph 64

After this region under the very north, the sea outside ending in a land called This, there is a very great inland city called Thinae, from which raw silk and silk yarn and silk cloth are brought on foot through Bactria to Barygaza, and are also exported to Damirica by way of the river Ganges. But the land of This is not easy of access; few men come from there, and seldom. (translated by Wilfred Harvey Schoff)

Metà dè taútēn tḕn khṓran hup’ autòn ḗdē tòn boréan, éxōthen eis Thinós tina tópon apolēgoúsēs tês thalássēs, parákeitai en autêi pólis mesógeios megístē, legoménē Thînai, aph hês tó te érion kaì tò nêma kaì tò othónion tò Sērikòn eis tà Barúgaza dià Báktrōn pezêi phéretai kaì eis tḕn Limurikḕn pálin dià toû Gángou potamoû. Eis dè tḕn Thîna taútēn ouk éstin eukherôs apeltheîn; spaníōs gàr ap’ autês tinès ou polloì érkhontai.

The name Θῖναι, Strabo, Σῖναι, Ptol., Τζίνιτζα, Kosmas, did not obtain currency first from the founder of the dynasty Tsin; but, long before this, Tsin was the name of a feudal kingdom in Shensi, one of the western provinces of the Sinese land, and Feitsa, the first feudal King of Tsin, began to reign as early as b.c. 897.

1878, Thomas Rawson Birks translating Franz Delitzsch's citation of Neumann in his Commentary on the Book of Isaiah, page 247

(culture) Synonym of Σῖναι (Sînai): A people of East Asia usually identified as the southern Chinese; their homeland, China; their chief city.


Σῖναι

Σῖναι • (Sînai) m pl (genitive Σῑνῶν); first declension

Sînai (romanization)
Σῑνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Σῖναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Σῑνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Σῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
Σῖναι (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: Sinae, Sina
English: Sinae, Sinaean, Sinaic, Sinese
English: Sino-
French: sino-
Italian: sino-
Portuguese: sino-
Sicilian: sinu-
Spanish: sino-

Uncertain, but probably from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Claudius Ptolemy
Geography (Ptolemy)
Names of China

1878, Franz Delitzsch with Neumann, translated by Thomas Rawson Birks, Commentary on the Book of Isaiah, page 247:

The name Thînai, Strabo, Sînai, Ptol., Tzínitza, Kosmas, did not obtain currency first from the founder of the dynasty Tsin; but, long before this, Tsin was the name of a feudal kingdom in Shensi, one of the western provinces of the Sinese land, and Feitsa, the first feudal King of Tsin, began to reign as early as b.c. 897.

(culture) a people of East Asia usually identified as the southern Chinese: the Cantonese, Vietnamese, and other Yue peoples reached via the maritime Silk Road to Panyu (Guangzhou), not known at the time to be related to the Seres reached by the overland route to Chang'an (Xi'an)


ζῦθος

grc-noun

ζῦθος • (zûthos) m or n (genitive ζῡ́θου or ζῡ́θους, variously declined); second declension, third declension

zûthos (romanization)
ζῡ́θου (genitive)
ζῡ́θους (genitive)
genitive ζῡ́θου (romanization)
ζῡ́θους (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ ζῦθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν ζῦθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ζῡ́θους (accusative plural)
ζῦθε (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θω (dual vocative)
ζῦθοι (plural vocative)
τὸ ζῦθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῡ́θους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῡθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῡ́θει (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῡθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῡ́θεσῐ (dative plural)
ζῡ́θεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesĭ (dative plural)
toîs zū́thesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ζῦθος (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῡ́θει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῡ́θη (accusative plural)
ζῦθος (singular vocative)
ζῡ́θει (dual vocative)
ζῡ́θη (plural vocative)

Greek: ζύθος (zýthos)

→ Latin: zȳthum

→ Translingual: Zythos

Unknown; suggested sources have included Egyptian, Proto-Scythian, Pre-Greek, or a native origin, in which case it would be related to ζύμη (zúmē, “yeast”) and ζέω (zéō, “to boil”). See even farther Angami zhūthō (“rice beer”) whence English zutho.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 6.11.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.87

ἅπασα μὲν ἡ χώρα αὕτη οὐκ εὔοινος, πλείω δεχομένου τοῦ κεράμου θάλατταν ἢ οἶνον ὃν δὴ καλοῦσι Λιβυκόν, ᾧ δὴ καὶ τῷ ζύθῳ τὸ πολὺ φῦλον χρῆται τῶν Ἀλεξανδρέων·

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 17.1.14

hápasa mèn hē khṓra haútē ouk eúoinos, pleíō dekhoménou toû kerámou thálattan ḕ oînon hòn dḕ kaloûsi Libukón, hôi dḕ kaì tôi zúthōi tò polù phûlon khrêtai tôn Alexandréōn;

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.34

an Egyptian kind of beer brewed with barley


Τρῶες

Τρῶες • (Trôes) m pl (genitive Τρώων); ? declension

Trôes (romanization)
Τρώων (genitive)
οἱ Τρῶες (nominative plural)
τῶν Τρώων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Τρωσῐ́ (dative plural)
Τρωσῐ́ν (dative plural)
Τρώεσσῐ (dative plural)
Τρώεσσῐν (dative plural)
toîs Trōsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
Trṓessĭ (dative plural)
Trṓessĭn (dative plural)
τοὺς Τρῶᾰς (accusative plural)
Τρῶες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

Τρωσῐ́(ν), Τρώεσσῐ(ν)


ὄντα

grc-noun

ὄντα • (ónta) n pl (genitive ὄντων); second declension

ónta (romanization)
ὄντων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ὄντᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ὄντων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ὄντοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ὄντᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄντᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter plural of the present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), thus literally ‘things that are; existing things’.

things which actually exist, opposed to past and future


λάφυρα

λᾰ́φῡρᾰ • (lắphūră) n pl (genitive λᾰφῡ́ρων); second declension

λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (canonical)
lắphūră (romanization)
λᾰφῡ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν λᾰφῡ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς λᾰφῡ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (accusative plural)
λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: λάφυρο (láfyro)

Traditionally viewed as a suffix -ρ-, added to a u-stem from the root of Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “to take, seize”). Beekes considers the suffix -ῡρ- to be Pre-Greek, and accordingly the word.


Σαχαλῖται

grc-proper noun

Σαχαλῖται • (Sakhalîtai) m pl (genitive Σαχαλῑτῶν); first declension

Sakhalîtai (romanization)
Σαχαλῑτῶν (genitive)
οἱ Σαχαλῖται (nominative plural)
τῶν Σαχαλῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Σαχαλῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τοὺς Σαχαλῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
Σαχαλῖται (plural vocative)

Latin: Sachalitae

a people inhabiting the southern coast of Arabia Felix, centred on Khuriya Muriya Bay


Σαχαλίτης κόλπος

Σαχαλῑ́της κόλπος

Σαχαλῑ́του κόλπου

Σαχαλῑ́της κόλπος • (Sakhalī́tēs kólpos) m (genitive Σαχαλῑ́του κόλπου, variously declined); first declension, second declension

Σαχαλῑ́της κόλπος (canonical)
Sakhalī́tēs kólpos (romanization)
Σαχαλῑ́του κόλπου (genitive)
genitive Σαχαλῑ́του κόλπου (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ Σαχαλῑ́της (nominative singular)
τοῦ Σαχαλῑ́του (genitive singular)
τῷ Σαχαλῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τὸν Σαχαλῑ́την (accusative singular)
Σαχαλῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
ὁ κόλπος (nominative singular)
τοῦ κόλπου (genitive singular)
τῷ κόλπῳ (dative singular)
τὸν κόλπον (accusative singular)
κόλπε (singular vocative)

Latin: Sachalitēs sinus (calque)

a bay on the southern coast of Arabia Felix, now Khuriya Muriya Bay in Oman


Ἀραβία Εὐδαίμων

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων • (Ărăbĭ́ā Eudaímōn) f (genitive Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος, variously declined); first declension, third declension

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων (canonical)
Ărăbĭ́ā Eudaímōn (romanization)
Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος (genitive)
genitive Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ἡ Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων (nominative singular)
τῆς Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾳ Εὐδαίμονῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱν Εὐδαίμονᾰ (accusative singular)
Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαῖμον (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαίμων

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱς Εὐδαίμονος

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾳ Εὐδαίμονῐ

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱν Εὐδαίμονᾰ

Ᾰ̓ρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Εὐδαῖμον

405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 16

36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 3.46

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 1.2.32

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 16.3.1

64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 16.3.6

Marcian., Peripl. 26

Marcian., Peripl. 57


Κηφῆνες

grc-noun

Κηφῆνες • (Kēphênes) m pl (genitive Κηφήνων); third declension

Kēphênes (romanization)
Κηφήνων (genitive)
οἱ Κηφῆνες (nominative plural)
τῶν Κηφήνων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Κηφῆσῐ (dative plural)
Κηφῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs Kēphêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs Kēphêsĭn (dative plural)
τοὺς Κηφῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
Κηφῆνες (plural vocative)

καὶ ἄρχοντα παρείχοντο Ὀτάνεα τὸν Ἀμήστριος πατέρα τῆς Ξέρξεω γυναικός, ἐκαλέοντο δὲ πάλαι ὑπὸ μὲν Ἑλλήνων Κηφῆνες, ὑπὸ μέντοι σφέων αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν περιοίκων Ἀρταῖοι. ἐπεὶ δὲ Περσεὺς ὁ Δανάης τε καὶ Διὸς ἀπίκετο παρὰ Κηφέα τὸν Βήλου καὶ ἔσχε αὐτοῦ τὴν θυγατέρα Ἀνδρομέδην, γίνεται αὐτῷ παῖς τῷ οὔνομα ἔθετο Πέρσην, τοῦτον δὲ αὐτοῦ καταλείπει: ἐτύγχανε γὰρ ἄπαις ἐὼν ὁ Κηφεὺς ἔρσενος γόνου. ἐπὶ τούτου δὴ τὴν ἐπωνυμίην ἔσχον.
kaì árkhonta pareíkhonto Otánea tòn Amḗstrios patéra tês Xérxeō gunaikós, ekaléonto dè pálai hupò mèn Hellḗnōn Kēphênes, hupò méntoi sphéōn autôn kaì tôn perioíkōn Artaîoi. epeì dè Perseùs ho Danáēs te kaì Diòs apíketo parà Kēphéa tòn Bḗlou kaì éskhe autoû tḕn thugatéra Andromédēn, gínetai autôi paîs tôi oúnoma étheto Pérsēn, toûton dè autoû kataleípei: etúnkhane gàr ápais eṑn ho Kēpheùs érsenos gónou. epì toútou dḕ tḕn epōnumíēn éskhon.

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.61

Their commander was Otanes, son of Amestris and father of Xerxes’ wife. They were formerly called by the Greeks Cephenes, but by themselves and their neighbors Artaei. When Perseus son of Danae and Zeus had come to Cepheus son of Belus and married his daughter Andromeda, a son was born to him whom he called Perses, and he left him there; for Cepheus had no male offspring; it was from this Perses that the Persians took their name.


γυῖον

γυῖον • (guîon) n (genitive γυίου); second declension

guîon (romanization)
γυίου (genitive)
τὸ γυῖον (nominative singular)
τὼ γυίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γυῖᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γυίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γυίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γυίων (genitive plural)
τῷ γυίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γυίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γυίοις (dative plural)
τὸ γυῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ γυίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γυῖᾰ (accusative plural)
γυῖον (singular vocative)
γυίω (dual vocative)
γυῖᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand; to bend”). See also ἐγγῠ́ς (engŭ́s, “nearby”).


Σωκρατικοί

grc-noun

Σωκρᾰτῐκοί • (Sōkrătĭkoí) m pl (genitive Σωκρᾰτῐκῶν); second declension

Σωκρᾰτῐκοί (canonical)
Sōkrătĭkoí (romanization)
Σωκρᾰτῐκῶν (genitive)
οἱ Σωκρᾰτῐκοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Σωκρᾰτῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Σωκρᾰτῐκοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Σωκρᾰτῐκούς (accusative plural)
Σωκρᾰτῐκοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Sōcraticī

From Σωκρᾰτῐκός (Sōkrătĭkós): as a noun, a substantivisation of its masculine plural forms in elliptical use for Σωκρατικοὶ φιλόσοφοι (Sōkratikoì philósophoi, “Socratic philosophers”), Σωκρατικοὶ μαθηταί (Sōkratikoì mathētaí, “pupils of Socrates”), Σωκρατικοὶ ἑπέται (Sōkratikoì hepétai, “followers of Socrates”), or similar; as an adjective, regularly declined forms.

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Amores (Affairs of the Heart) 23

the philosophers of Socrates’ school, the Socratics


ἐσθλά

ἐσθλᾰ́ • (esthlắ) n pl (genitive ἐσθλῶν); second declension

ἐσθλᾰ́ (canonical)
esthlắ (romanization)
ἐσθλῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἐσθλᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἐσθλῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἐσθλοῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἐσθλᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἐσθλᾰ́ (plural vocative)


Γερασηνοί

Γερασηνοί • (Gerasēnoí) m pl (genitive Γερασηνῶν); second declension

Gerasēnoí (romanization)
Γερασηνῶν (genitive)
οἱ Γερασηνοί (nominative plural)
τῶν Γερασηνῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Γερασηνοῖς (dative plural)
τοὺς Γερασηνούς (accusative plural)
Γερασηνοί (plural vocative)

Latin: Gerasēnus

75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 2.480

75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 4.503

93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 13.398

The Gospel of Mark 5:1

50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 8:26

c. 6th century CE, Stephanus Byzantius, Ethnica


Ὀασῖται

Ὀᾰσῖται • (Oăsîtai) m pl (genitive Ὀᾰσῑτῶν); first declension

Ὀᾰσῖται (canonical)
Oăsîtai (romanization)
Ὀᾰσῑτῶν (genitive)
οἱ Ὀᾰσῖται (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὀᾰσῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Ὀᾰσῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τοὺς Ὀᾰσῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
Ὀᾰσῖται (plural vocative)

From Ὄᾰσῐς (Óăsĭs) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).

af

Ὄᾰσῐς (Óăsĭs) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)


ὄχεα

grc-noun

ὄχεα • (ókhea) n pl (genitive ὀχέων); ? declension

ókhea (romanization)
ὀχέων (genitive)
ὄχεᾰ (nominative plural)
ὀχέων (genitive plural)
ὄχεσφι (dative plural)
ὄχεσφιν (dative plural)
ókhesphi (dative plural)
ókhesphin (dative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄχεᾰ (plural vocative)

Byform of ὄχος (ókhos), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, drive”).


μήδεα

grc-noun

μήδεᾰ • (mḗdeă) n pl (genitive μηδέων); third declension

μήδεᾰ (canonical)
mḗdeă (romanization)
μηδέων (genitive)
μήδεᾰ (nominative plural)
μηδέων (genitive plural)
μήδεσῐ (dative plural)
μήδεσῐν (dative plural)
mḗdesĭ (dative plural)
mḗdesĭn (dative plural)
μήδεᾰ (accusative plural)
μήδεᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *mḗdeha, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁desh₂, from *med- (“to measure, give advice”), whence also μέδω (médō), μέδομαι (médomai). Cognates include Armenian միտ (mit).

(poetic, plural only) counsel, plan, art, prudence, cunning


μήδεα

Uncertain. Has been connected with etymology 1 (compare Old High German gimaht for a similar double meaning), Latin mentula, and with μαδάω (madáō) and Middle Irish mess. Could also be Pre-Greek.


ἁλτῆρες

ἁλτῆρες • (haltêres) m (genitive ἁλτήρων); third declension

haltêres (romanization)
ἁλτήρων (genitive)
οἱ ἁλτῆρες (nominative plural)
τῶν ἁλτήρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἁλτῆρσῐ (dative plural)
ἁλτῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs haltêrsĭ (dative plural)
toîs haltêrsĭn (dative plural)
τοὺς ἁλτῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
ἁλτῆρες (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: halter

→ English: haltere

→ French: haltère

Greek: αλτήρας (altíras)

→ Portuguese: haltere

From ἅλλομαι (hállomai, “to jump”) + -τήρ (-tḗr).


σαγματοπασμαγάδια

grc-noun

σαγματοπασμαγαδίων

σαγματοπασμαγάδια • (sagmatopasmagádia) n pl (genitive σαγματοπασμαγαδίων); second declension

sagmatopasmagádia (romanization)
σαγματοπασμαγαδίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σαγματοπασμαγαδίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς σαγματοπασμαγαδίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (accusative plural)
σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

σαγματοπασμαγάδιον

σάγμα (ságma, “saddle”) + πασμαγάνδιον (pasmagándion, “welding blanket”), the second element being from Persian پشماگند (pašmâgand).

af

πασμαγάνδιον

c. 10th century, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions. Translated by J. F. Haldon, Vienna 1990, C 119-122.

(Byzantine, plural only) saddle and welding blanket


ἡνία

grc-noun

ἡνίᾰ • (hēníă) n pl (genitive ἡνίων); second declension

ἡνίᾱ • (hēníā) f (genitive ἡνίᾱς); first declension

ἡνίᾰ (canonical)
hēníă (romanization)
ἡνίων (genitive)
ἡνίᾱ (canonical)
hēníā (romanization)
ἡνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
ἡνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
ἡνῐ́οισῐ (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́οισῐν (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́οις (dative plural)
hēnĭ́oisĭ (dative plural)
hēnĭ́oisĭn (dative plural)
hēnĭ́ois (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)
ἡ ἡνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ ἡνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν ἡνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς ἡνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἡνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ἡνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἡνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from Proto-Indo-European *h₂em- (“to grasp”) and cognate with Latin ānsa (“handle”) and Lithuanian ąsà (“handle”).


Σάρδιες

grc-proper noun

Σάρδῐες • (Sárdĭes) f pl (genitive Σαρδῐ́ων); third declension

Σάρδῐες (canonical)
Sárdĭes (romanization)
Σαρδῐ́ων (genitive)
αἱ Σᾰ́ρδῐες (nominative plural)
τῶν Σᾰρδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν Σᾰ́ρδῐσῐ (dative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδῐσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ Sắrdĭsĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ Sắrdĭsĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Σᾰ́ρδῑς (accusative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδῐᾰς (accusative plural)
Σᾰ́ρδῐες (plural vocative)


ἄποινα

grc-noun

ἄποινᾰ • (ápoină) n pl (genitive ἀποίνων); second declension

ἄποινᾰ (canonical)
ápoină (romanization)
ἀποίνων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ποινᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ᾰ̓ποίνων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ᾰ̓ποίνοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ποινᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ποινᾰ (plural vocative)


Τρωϊκά

Τρωϊκᾰ́ • (Trōïkắ) n pl (genitive Τρωϊκῶν); second declension

Τρωϊκᾰ́ (canonical)
Trōïkắ (romanization)
Τρωϊκῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Τρωῐ̈κᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν Τρωῐ̈κῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς Τρωῐ̈κοῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Τρωῐ̈κᾰ́ (accusative plural)
Τρωῐ̈κᾰ́ (plural vocative)

πρὸ γὰρ τῶν Τρωικῶν οὐδὲν φαίνεται πρότερον κοινῇ ἐργασαμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.3.1

for before the Trojan War Greece apparently didn't do anything cooperatively

prò gàr tôn Trōikôn oudèn phaínetai próteron koinêi ergasaménē hē Hellás


πάτρως

πάτρως • (pátrōs) m (genitive πάτρω or πάτρωος, variously declined); second declension, third declension

pátrōs (romanization)
πάτρω (genitive)
πάτρωος (genitive)
genitive πάτρω (romanization)
πάτρωος (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ πάτρως (nominative singular)
τὼ πάτρω (dual nominative)
οἱ πάτρῳ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πάτρω (genitive singular)
τοῖν πάτρῳν (dual genitive)
τῶν πάτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πάτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πάτρῳν (dative dual)
τοῖς πάτρῳς (dative plural)
τὸν πάτρω (accusative singular)
πάτρων (accusative singular)
tòn pátrō (accusative singular)
tòn pátrōn (accusative singular)
τὼ πάτρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πάτρως (accusative plural)
πάτρως (singular vocative)
πάτρω (dual vocative)
πάτρῳ (plural vocative)
ὁ πάτρως (nominative singular)
τὼ πάτρωε (dual nominative)
οἱ πάτρωες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πάτρωος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πατρώοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πατρώων (genitive plural)
τῷ πάτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πατρώοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πάτρωσῐ (dative plural)
πάτρωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pátrōsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pátrōsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πάτρω (accusative singular)
πάτρωᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πάτρωε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πάτρωᾰς (accusative plural)
πάτρως (singular vocative)
πάτρωε (dual vocative)
πάτρωες (plural vocative)

From πατήρ (patḗr, “father”). Compare Latin patruus (“paternal uncle”), Classical Persian افدر (afdar, “paternal uncle”), and Sanskrit पितृव्य (pitṛvyá, “paternal uncle”).


Μυλαί

grc-proper noun

Μῡλαί • (Mūlaí) f pl (genitive Μῡλῶν); first declension

Μῡλαί (canonical)
Mūlaí (romanization)
Μῡλῶν (genitive)
αἱ Μῡλαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Μῡλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Μῡλαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Μῡλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Μῡλαί (plural vocative)

Latin: Mȳlae


Αἰγαί

Αἰγαί • (Aigaí) f pl (genitive Αἰγῶν); first declension

Aigaí (romanization)
Αἰγῶν (genitive)
αἱ Αἰγαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Αἰγῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Αἰγαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Αἰγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Αἰγαί (plural vocative)

Latin: Aegae

Aegae, the name of various places in ancient Greece


Σάρεπτα

Σάρεπτα • (Sárepta) n pl (genitive Σαρέπτων); second declension

Sárepta (romanization)
Σαρέπτων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Σάρεπτᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Σαρέπτων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Σαρέπτοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Σάρεπτᾰ (accusative plural)
Σάρεπτᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: Sarepta

From Hebrew צָרְפַת (ṣārĕp̄aṯ) or a cognate in a different Semitic language.

bor

Hebrew צָרְפַת (ṣārĕp̄aṯ)


τραύξανα

grc-noun

τραύξᾰνᾰ • (traúxănă) n pl (genitive τραυξάνων); second declension

τραύξᾰνᾰ (canonical)
traúxănă (romanization)
τραυξάνων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ τραύξᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν τραυξᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τοῖς τραυξᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ τραύξᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
τραύξᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from Pre-Greek. A derivation from θραύω (thraúō) is considered improbable.

(plural only) dry chips, waste that falls from the manger


μήτρως

μήτρως • (mḗtrōs) m (genitive μήτρω or μήτρωος, variously declined); second declension, third declension

mḗtrōs (romanization)
μήτρω (genitive)
μήτρωος (genitive)
genitive μήτρω (romanization)
μήτρωος (romanization)
variously declined (romanization)
ὁ μήτρως (nominative singular)
τὼ μήτρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μήτρῳ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήτρω (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήτρῳν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήτρῳν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήτρῳς (dative plural)
τὸν μήτρω (accusative singular)
μήτρων (accusative singular)
tòn mḗtrō (accusative singular)
tòn mḗtrōn (accusative singular)
τὼ μήτρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μήτρως (accusative plural)
μήτρως (singular vocative)
μήτρω (dual vocative)
μήτρῳ (plural vocative)
ὁ μήτρως (nominative singular)
τὼ μήτρωε (dual nominative)
οἱ μήτρωες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήτρωος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μητρώοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μητρώων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήτρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μητρώοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήτρωσῐ (dative plural)
μήτρωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mḗtrōsĭ (dative plural)
toîs mḗtrōsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν μήτρω (accusative singular)
μήτρωᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μήτρωε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μήτρωᾰς (accusative plural)
μήτρως (singular vocative)
μήτρωε (dual vocative)
μήτρωες (plural vocative)

From μήτηρ (mḗtēr, “mother”). Compare πάτρως (pátrōs, “paternal uncle”).


εὔληρα

εὔληρα • (eúlēra) n pl (genitive εὐλήρων); second declension

eúlēra (romanization)
εὐλήρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ εὔληρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν εὐλήρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς εὐλήροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ εὔληρᾰ (accusative plural)
εὔληρᾰ (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of Latin lōrum (“thong”), Old Armenian լար (lar).
Or, according to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, given the presence of variations.


Μάσταυρα

grc-proper noun

Μάσταυρᾰ • (Mástaură) n pl (genitive Μασταύρων); second declension

Μάσταυρᾰ (canonical)
Mástaură (romanization)
Μασταύρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Μάσταυρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Μασταύρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Μασταύροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Μάσταυρᾰ (accusative plural)
Μάσταυρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Mastaura


βρύτεα

grc-noun

βρῡ́τεα • (brū́tea) n pl (genitive βρῡτέων); second declension

βρῡ́τεα (canonical)
brū́tea (romanization)
βρῡτέων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ βρῡ́τεᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν βρῡτέων (genitive plural)
τοῖς βρῡτέοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ βρῡ́τεᾰ (accusative plural)
βρῡ́τεᾰ (plural vocative)

From βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”).

(plural only) refuse of olives or grapes after pressing


Ἄρναι

grc-proper noun

Ἄρναι • (Árnai) f pl (genitive Ἀρνῶν); first declension

Árnai (romanization)
Ἀρνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἄρναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀρνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἄρναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἄρνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἄρναι (plural vocative)

Latin: Arnae


σκῦλα

grc-noun

σκῦλᾰ • (skûlă) n pl (genitive σκῡ́λων); second declension

σκῦλᾰ (canonical)
skûlă (romanization)
σκῡ́λων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ σκῦλᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σκῡ́λων (genitive plural)
τοῖς σκῡ́λοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σκῦλᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῦλᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from the same root of σκύλλω (skúllō, “to lacerate”).

(plural only) spoils, weapons stripped off a slain enemy


Γλαφύραι

grc-proper noun

Γλᾰφύραι • (Glăphúrai) f pl (genitive Γλᾰφῠρῶν); first declension

Γλᾰφύραι (canonical)
Glăphúrai (romanization)
Γλᾰφῠρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Γλᾰφῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Γλᾰφῠρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Γλᾰφῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Γλᾰφῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
Γλᾰφῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

Latin: Glaphyrae


Καφύαι

Καφύαι • (Kaphúai) f pl (genitive Καφυῶν); first declension

Kaphúai (romanization)
Καφυῶν (genitive)
αἱ Καφύαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Καφυῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Καφύαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Καφύᾱς (accusative plural)
Καφύαι (plural vocative)

Latin: Caphyae

Caphyae (an ancient town in Arcadia, Greece)


Βυλάζωρα

Βῠλάζωρᾰ • (Bŭlázōră) n pl (genitive Βῠλᾰζώρων); second declension

Βῠλάζωρᾰ (canonical)
Bŭlázōră (romanization)
Βῠλᾰζώρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Βῠλᾰ́ζωρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Βῠλᾰζώρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Βῠλᾰζώροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Βῠλᾰ́ζωρᾰ (accusative plural)
Βῠλᾰ́ζωρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: Bylazora


Φαρύγαι

Φαρύγαι • (Pharúgai) f pl (genitive Φαρυγῶν); first declension

Pharúgai (romanization)
Φαρυγῶν (genitive)
αἱ Φαρύγαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Φαρυγῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Φαρύγαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Φαρύγᾱς (accusative plural)
Φαρύγαι (plural vocative)

Latin: Pharygae


Αὐγειαί

Αὐγειαί • (Augeiaí) f pl (genitive Αὐγειῶν); first declension

Augeiaí (romanization)
Αὐγειῶν (genitive)
αἱ Αὐγειαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Αὐγειῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Αὐγειαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Αὐγειᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Αὐγειαί (plural vocative)

Latin: Augeiae


Ταμύναι

Ταμύναι • (Tamúnai) f pl (genitive Ταμυνῶν); first declension

Tamúnai (romanization)
Ταμυνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ταμύναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ταμυνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ταμύναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ταμύνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ταμύναι (plural vocative)

Latin: Tamynae


Βρυσειαί

Βρῡσειαί • (Brūseiaí) f pl (genitive Βρῡσειῶν); first declension

Βρῡσειαί (canonical)
Brūseiaí (romanization)
Βρῡσειῶν (genitive)
αἱ Βρῡσειαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Βρῡσειῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Βρῡσειαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Βρῡσειᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Βρῡσειαί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Brȳseae

Maybe from βρύση (brúsē, “source, spring”).


Βάτναι

Βάτναι • (Bátnai) f pl (genitive Βατνῶν); first declension

Bátnai (romanization)
Βατνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Βάτναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Βατνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Βάτναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Βάτνᾱς (accusative plural)
Βάτναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Batnae


Τέμπεα

Τέμπεᾰ • (Témpeă) n pl (genitive Τεμπέων); third declension

Τέμπεᾰ (canonical)
Témpeă (romanization)
Τεμπέων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Τέμπεᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Τεμπέων (genitive plural)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν Τέμπεσῐ (dative plural)
Τέμπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ Témpesĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ Témpesĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Τέμπεᾰ (accusative plural)
Τέμπεᾰ (plural vocative)


Ἄκραι

Ἄκραι • (Ákrai) f pl (genitive Ἀκρῶν); first declension

Ákrai (romanization)
Ἀκρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἄκραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἀκρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἄκραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἄκρᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἄκραι (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: Acrae
English: Acrae
Italian: Acre, Acreide
Sicilian: Acri, Acrèiti

From ἄκρᾱ (ákrā, “top, peak, castle, citadel”).

A colony of Sicily, founded by Syracusans in 663 BC, located near the modern Palazzolo Acreide


ἔντεα

grc-noun

ἔντεᾰ • (énteă) n pl (genitive ἐντέων); third declension

ἔντεᾰ (canonical)
énteă (romanization)
ἐντέων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἔντεᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἐντέων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἔντεσῐ (dative plural)
ἔντεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs éntesĭ (dative plural)
toîs éntesĭn (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἔντεᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔντεᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown. Beside this word, there is ἐντῡ́νω (entū́nō, “to equip, get ready”): as it recalls ἀρτῡ́νω (artū́nō), it may have been built after this verb. A basic noun *ἐντύς (*entús) could be assumed. Connection with ἄνῡμι (ánūmi, “to finish, conclude”) is impossible.


Καλύδναι

grc-proper noun

Κᾰλύδναι • (Kălúdnai) f pl (genitive Κᾰλυδνῶν); first declension

Κᾰλύδναι (canonical)
Kălúdnai (romanization)
Κᾰλυδνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κᾰλύδναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Κᾰλυδνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κᾰλύδναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κᾰλύδνᾱς (accusative plural)
Κᾰλύδναι (plural vocative)


ἔδοντες

Aeolic form of ὀδόντες (odóntes, “teeth”)


Μύρα

Μύρᾱ • (Múrā) f (genitive Μύρᾱς); first declension

Μύρᾰ • (Múră) n pl (genitive Μύρων); second declension

Μύρᾱ (canonical)
Múrā (romanization)
Μύρᾱς (genitive)
Μύρᾰ (canonical)
Múră (romanization)
Μύρων (genitive)
ἡ Μῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Μῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Μῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Μῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
Μῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ Μῠ́ρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Μῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Μῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Μῠ́ρᾰ (accusative plural)
Μῠ́ρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: Myra


Ἴχναι

Ἴχναι • (Íkhnai) f pl (genitive Ἴχνῶν); first declension

Íkhnai (romanization)
Ἴχνῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἴχναι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἰχνῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἴχναις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἴχνᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἴχναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Ichnae


Γάγαι

Γάγαι • (Gágai) f pl (genitive Γάγῶν); first declension

Gágai (romanization)
Γάγῶν (genitive)
αἱ Γάγαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Γαγῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Γάγαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Γάγᾱς (accusative plural)
Γάγαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Gagae


κλάπαι

grc-noun

κλάπαι • (klápai) f pl (genitive κλαπῶν); first declension

klápai (romanization)
κλαπῶν (genitive)
αἱ κλάπαι (nominative plural)
τῶν κλαπῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς κλάπαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κλάπᾱς (accusative plural)
κλάπαι (plural vocative)

No etymology. Perhaps of onomatopoeic origin, after the clattering.

unk

No etymology


Λαμπτραί

grc-proper noun

Λαμπτραί • (Lamptraí) f pl (genitive Λαμπτρῶν); first declension

Lamptraí (romanization)
Λαμπτρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Λαμπτραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Λαμπτρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Λαμπτραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Λαμπτρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Λαμπτραί (plural vocative)


Θοραί

Θοραί • (Thoraí) f pl (genitive Θορῶν); first declension

Thoraí (romanization)
Θορῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θοραί (nominative plural)
τῶν Θορῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θοραῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θορᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Θοραί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Thorae


κανθήλια

grc-noun

κανθήλια • (kanthḗlia) n pl (genitive κανθηλίων); second declension

kanthḗlia (romanization)
κανθηλίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κανθήλιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κανθηλίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κανθηλίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κανθήλιᾰ (accusative plural)
κανθήλιᾰ (plural vocative)

The relation with κανθίαι (kanthíai, “creels”), κάνθων (kánthōn, “pack-ass”) and κανθίς (kanthís, “dung of an ass”) is unclear, due to their specialized technical meanings. Formally, the word can be compared with κειμήλια (keimḗlia) and γαμήλιος (gamḗlios). According to Deroy, it is a Mediterranean substrate word. Furnée connects it with ἀνθήλιον (anthḗlion, “packsaddle”), with alternation k/-zero and assumes Pre-Greek origin.


μηρία

μηρίᾰ • (mēríă) n pl (genitive μηρῐ́ων); second declension

μηρίᾰ (canonical)
mēríă (romanization)
μηρῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μηρῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μηρῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
μηρῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

From the root of μῆρα (mêra) and μηρός (mērós).


χεδροπά

χεδροπά • (khedropá) n pl (genitive χεδροπῶν); second declension

khedropá (romanization)
χεδροπῶν (genitive)
τᾰ̀ χεδροπᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τῶν χεδροπῶν (genitive plural)
τοῖς χεδροποῖς (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ χεδροπᾰ́ (accusative plural)
χεδροπᾰ́ (plural vocative)

The word has been compared with Proto-Slavic *gorxъ (“pea”) and Latin furfur (“bran, husks of grain”), but this is formally untenable. A derivation from χείρ (kheír, “hand”) and δρέπω (drépō, “to pluck”) is folk-etymological. The variations show that the word is Pre-Greek.


Τάλαυρα

grc-proper noun

Τᾰ́λαυρᾰ • (Tắlaură) n pl (genitive Τᾰλαύρων); second declension

Τᾰ́λαυρᾰ (canonical)
Tắlaură (romanization)
Τᾰλαύρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ Τᾰ́λαυρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν Τᾰλαύρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς Τᾰλαύροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ Τᾰ́λαυρᾰ (accusative plural)
Τᾰ́λαυρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Talaura


σαράβαρα

grc-noun

σᾰρᾰ́βᾱρᾰ • (sărắbāră) n pl (genitive σᾰρᾰβᾱ́ρων); second declension

σᾰρᾰ́βᾱρᾰ (canonical)
sărắbāră (romanization)
σᾰρᾰβᾱ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ σᾰρᾰ́βᾱρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σᾰρᾰβᾱ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς σᾰρᾰβᾱ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σᾰρᾰ́βᾱρᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰρᾰ́βᾱρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sarabāra, sarabala

From Scythian *šarabāra; compare Persian شلوار (šalvâr).

σαράβαρα καὶ χιτῶνας πάντες ἐνδεδυκότες.

408–334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, fragment 201

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

sarábara kaì khitônas pántes endedukótes.

ὅτι οὐχ ἥψατο τὸ πῦρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ τρίχες αὐτῶν οὐ κατεκάησαν καὶ τὰ σαράβαρα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλλοιώθησαν οὐδὲ ὀσμὴ τοῦ πυρὸς ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Daniel 3.27

that the fire did not burn their bodies and their hair was not burned and their clothes were not altered and there was not smell of fire on them

hóti oukh hḗpsato tò pûr toû sṓmatos autôn kaì hai tríkhes autôn ou katekáēsan kaì tà sarábara autôn ouk ēlloiṓthēsan oudè osmḕ toû puròs ên en autoîs

σαράβαρα· τὰ περὶ τὰς κνημῖδας ἐνδύματα

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Σ:


ἀναξυρίδες

ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δες • (anăxŭrĭ́des) f pl (genitive ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δων); third declension

ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δες (canonical)
anăxŭrĭ́des (romanization)
ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δων (genitive)
ἡ ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
αἱ ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῶν ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
ταῖς ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs anăxŭrĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs anăxŭrĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀνᾰξῠρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

[...] αὐτὴν [τὴν χεῖρα] κρύψας ἐν τῇσι ἀναξυρίσι [...]

c. 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories, archived from the original on 2023-08-14, 8.37.1:

...having hidden it [his hand] in his pants...

[...] autḕn [tḕn kheîra] krúpsas en têisi anaxurísi [...]

[...] καὶ [ἔχων] περὶ τοῖς σκέλεσιν ἀναξυρίδας ὑσγινοβαφεῖς[...]

c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Education of Cyrus, archived from the original on 2023-08-14, 8.3.13:

... and wearing pants dyed scarlet on his legs...

[...] kaì [ékhōn] perì toîs skélesin anaxurídas husginobapheîs[...]

ἡ [...] Οὐολογέσου ἀναξυρὶς [...]

a. 180 CE, Lucian of Samosata, How to Write History, archived from the original on 2023-08-14, section 19:

χαίρουσι δὲ τῷ Ὀρφεῖ, τιάραν ἴσως καὶ ἀναξυρίδα τιμῶντες, οὐ γὰρ μουσικήν γε, οὐδὲ ᾠδάς, αἷς ἔθελγεν.

a. 238 CE, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, archived from the original on 2023-08-14, section 1.25:

And they rejoice about Orpheus, valuing his crown as much as his pants, since they don't value his music, nor the songs with which he cast his charm.

khaírousi dè tôi Orpheî, tiáran ísōs kaì anaxurída timôntes, ou gàr mousikḗn ge, oudè ōidás, haîs éthelgen.


Θαλάμαι

grc-proper noun

Θᾰλᾰ́μαι • (Thălắmai) f pl (genitive Θᾰλᾰμῶν); first declension

Θᾰλᾰ́μαι (canonical)
Thălắmai (romanization)
Θᾰλᾰμῶν (genitive)
αἱ Θᾰλᾰ́μαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Θᾰλᾰμῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Θᾰλᾰ́μαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Θᾰλᾰ́μᾱς (accusative plural)
Θᾰλᾰ́μαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Thalamae


γαμφηλαί

grc-noun

γᾰμφηλαί • (gămphēlaí) f pl (genitive γᾰμφηλῶν); first declension

γᾰμφηλαί (canonical)
gămphēlaí (romanization)
γᾰμφηλῶν (genitive)
αἱ γᾰμφηλαί (nominative plural)
τῶν γᾰμφηλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς γᾰμφηλαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰμφηλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γᾰμφηλαί (plural vocative)

Generally connected with γόμφος (gómphos, “peg, nail”), but the α-vocalism is problematic. Neither an influence from γαμψός (gampsós, “curved, crooked”) or γναμπτήρ (gnamptḗr, “jaw”) seems to be a sufficient explanation. Pedersen pointed to Proto-Slavic *gǫba (“lip, mouth”). According to Beekes, the word may be Pre-Greek given the suffix -ηλ-, which can be found also in τράχηλος (trákhēlos).


ἴκρια

ἴκρῐα • (íkrĭa) n pl (genitive ἰκρῐ́ων); second declension

ἴκρῐα (canonical)
íkrĭa (romanization)
ἰκρῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἴκρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἰκρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἰκρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἴκρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἴκρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

The oblique form <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἰκριόφιν</i> (ikrióphin) is also attested in Epic Greek

unk

without etymology


Λακιάδαι

grc-proper noun

Λᾰκῐάδαι • (Lăkĭádai) f pl (genitive Λᾰκῐᾰδῶν); first declension

Λᾰκῐάδαι (canonical)
Lăkĭádai (romanization)
Λᾰκῐᾰδῶν (genitive)
αἱ Λᾰκῐάδαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Λᾰκῐαδῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Λᾰκῐάδαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Λᾰκῐάδᾱς (accusative plural)
Λᾰκῐάδαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Laciadae


κρούπεζαι

grc-noun

κρούπεζαι • (kroúpezai) f pl (genitive κρουπεζῶν); first declension

kroúpezai (romanization)
κρουπεζῶν (genitive)
αἱ κρούπεζαι (nominative plural)
τῶν κρουπεζῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς κρουπέζαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κρουπέζᾱς (accusative plural)
κρούπεζαι (plural vocative)

Traditionally explained as deriving from κρούω (kroúō, “to stamp, strike”) and πεζός (pezós, “on foot, walking”). However, the variant forms may also point to Pre-Greek origin.

high wooden shoes, used in Boeotia for treading olives


Τραγασαί

grc-proper noun

Τρᾰγᾰσαί • (Trăgăsaí) f pl (genitive Τρᾰγᾰσῶν); first declension

Τρᾰγᾰσαί (canonical)
Trăgăsaí (romanization)
Τρᾰγᾰσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Τρᾰγᾰσαί (nominative plural)
τῶν Τρᾰγᾰσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Τρᾰγᾰσαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Τρᾰγᾰσᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
Τρᾰγᾰσαί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Tragasae


Λίσαι

Λῐ́σαι • (Lĭ́sai) f pl (genitive Λῐσῶν); first declension

Λῐ́σαι (canonical)
Lĭ́sai (romanization)
Λῐσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Λῐ́σαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Λῐσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Λῐ́σαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Λῐ́σᾱς (accusative plural)
Λῐ́σαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Lisae


κρέμβαλα

grc-noun

κρέμβᾰλα • (krémbăla) n pl (genitive κρεμβᾰ́λων); second declension

κρέμβᾰλα (canonical)
krémbăla (romanization)
κρεμβᾰ́λων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κρέμβᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κρεμβᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κρεμβᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κρέμβᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
κρέμβᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

The suffix -αλ- is found also in κρόταλον (krótalon), ῥόπαλον (rhópalon) and other loanwords. Connection with Latin crepō (“to rattle, creak”), Lithuanian skrebeti (“to rustle”) and Russian кропота́ть (kropotátʹ, “to grumble”) is impossible, as Greek "β" cannot be due to the proceeding nasal. This nasal rather points to a Pre-Greek word.


Ὑβάδαι

grc-proper noun

Ὑβᾰ́δαι • (Hubắdai) f pl (genitive Ὑβᾰδῶν); first declension

Ὑβᾰ́δαι (canonical)
Hubắdai (romanization)
Ὑβᾰδῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ὑβᾰ́δαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὑβᾰδῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ὑβᾰ́δαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ὑβᾰ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
Ὑβᾰ́δαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Hybadae


Τεγύραι

Τεγῠ́ραι • (Tegŭ́rai) f pl (genitive Τεγῠρῶν); first declension

Τεγῠ́ραι (canonical)
Tegŭ́rai (romanization)
Τεγῠρῶν (genitive)
αἱ Τεγῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῶν Τεγῠρῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Τεγῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Τεγῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
Τεγῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Tegyra


ὤρυγγες

grc-noun

ὤρῠγγες • (ṓrŭnges) m pl (genitive ὠρῠ́γγων); third declension

ὤρῠγγες (canonical)
ṓrŭnges (romanization)
ὠρῠ́γγων (genitive)
οἱ ὤρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τῶν ὠρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ὤρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
ὤρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ṓrŭnxĭ (dative plural)
toîs ṓrŭnxĭn (dative plural)
τοὺς ὤρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
ὤρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Furnée compares ὄρυξ (órux, “gazelle”). The prenasalized suffix -υγγ- seemes to point to a Pre-Greek word.

striped or piebald horses, including zebras


ἔναρα

ἔνᾰρα • (énăra) n pl (genitive ἐνᾰ́ρων); second declension

ἔνᾰρα (canonical)
énăra (romanization)
ἐνᾰ́ρων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ ἔνᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν ἐνᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ἐνᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ ἔνᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔνᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown. Schwyzer compared Sanskrit सनर (sanara), of uncertain meaning. Connection with Sanskrit सनोति (sanoti, “to win”) would impart this word the original meaning "gain, booty"; one would have to accept psilosis.

spoils, weapons and trappings of a slain foe


Κυδαντίδαι

grc-proper noun

Κῠδᾰντῐ́δαι • (Kŭdăntĭ́dai) f pl (genitive Κῠδᾰντῐδῶν); first declension

Κῠδᾰντῐ́δαι (canonical)
Kŭdăntĭ́dai (romanization)
Κῠδᾰντῐδῶν (genitive)
αἱ Κῠδᾰντῐ́δαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Κῠδᾰντῐδῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Κῠδᾰντῐ́δαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Κῠδᾰντῐ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
Κῠδᾰντῐ́δαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Cydantidae


Ἴσαι

Ἴσαι • (Ísai) f pl (genitive Ἰσῶν); first declension

Ísai (romanization)
Ἰσῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ἴσαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ἰσῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ἴσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ἴσᾱς (accusative plural)
Ἴσαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Isae


Ὀρόβιαι

Ὀρόβῐαι • (Oróbĭai) f pl (genitive Ὀροβῐῶν); first declension

Ὀρόβῐαι (canonical)
Oróbĭai (romanization)
Ὀροβῐῶν (genitive)
αἱ Ὀρόβῐαι (nominative plural)
τῶν Ὀροβῐῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς Ὀροβῐ́αις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς Ὀροβῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
Ὀρόβῐαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: Orobiae