οὖς

grc-noun

οὖς • (oûs) n (genitive ὠτός); third declension

oûs (romanization)
ὠτός (genitive)
τὸ οὖς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠσῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs ōsí (dative plural)
toîs ōsín (dative plural)
τὸ οὖς (accusative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
ὦτε (dual vocative)
ὦτᾰ (plural vocative)
οὖς (nominative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
οὔᾰτος (genitive singular)
οὐάτων (genitive plural)
οὔᾰτῐ (dative singular)
οὔᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ὠσί (dative plural)
ὠσίν (dative plural)
oúasi (dative plural)
oúasin (dative plural)
ōsí (dative plural)
ōsín (dative plural)
οὖς (accusative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
οὔᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

οὔᾰσῐ(ν), ὠσί(ν)

Koine Greek: ὠτίον (ōtíon), ὠτία (ōtía)

Byzantine Greek: ἀφτίον (aphtíon), ἀφτία (aphtía)

Greek: αφτί (aftí)

Mariupol Greek: фты (fty)

→ English: oto-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”). Cognate with Old English ēare (English ear), Latin auris, Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), Old Church Slavonic оухо (uxo), and Old Irish áu.


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
númphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
númphain (dual genitive)
númphaiin (dual genitive)
númphēiin (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
númphain (dative dual)
númphaiin (dative dual)
númphēiin (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
númphēisi (dative plural)
númphēisin (dative plural)
númphēis (dative plural)
númphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water

(anatomy) hollow between the lower lip and the chin

(zootomy) depression on the shoulder of a horse

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Of the Uses of the Different Parts of the Human Body 15.3

(anatomy) clitoris, also the labia minora


μῦς

grc-noun

μῦς • (mûs) m (genitive μῠός); third declension

mûs (romanization)
μῠός (genitive)
ὁ μῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῡσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῡσῐ́ν (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs mūsí (dative plural)
toîs mūsín (dative plural)
musí (dative plural)
musín (dative plural)
τὸν μῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῦς (accusative plural)
μῦ (singular vocative)
μῠ́ε (dual vocative)
μῠ́ες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῡσῐ́(ν)/μῠσῐ́(ν)

Greek: μυς (mys)

From Proto-Hellenic *mū́s, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Cognates include Latin mūs, Sanskrit मूष् (mū́ṣ), Old Armenian մուկն (mukn) and Old English mūs (English mouse).


βρῶμα

grc-noun

βρῶμᾰ • (brôma) n (genitive βρώμᾰτος); third declension

βρῶμᾰ (canonical)
brôma (romanization)
βρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βρῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
βρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Italian: bruma

→ Sicilian: bromu

→ Maltese: bram

→ Spanish: broma

From the root of βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “I eat”) + -μᾰ (-ma, object noun suffix).

affix

a shipworm (Teredo navalis) that bores into wooden piers, ships, etc.


ὄστρεον

grc-noun

ὄστρεον • (óstreon) n (genitive ὀστρέου); second declension

óstreon (romanization)
ὀστρέου (genitive)
τὸ ὄστρεον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστρέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστρέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστρέοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄστρεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄστρεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄστρεον (singular vocative)
ὀστρέω (dual vocative)
ὄστρεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ostrum

Italian: ostro

→ English: ostro

Russian: у́стрица (ústrica)

Traditionally assumed to be related to ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), though Beekes rejects this connection due to lack of other evidence for an Indo-European pre-form *ostr- (as well as the word category of seafood being generally unlikely to be of Indo-European origin), and instead takes the word as Pre-Greek.


κοχλίας

κοχλῐ́ᾱς • (kokhlíās) m (genitive κοχλίου); first declension

κοχλῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
kokhlíās (romanization)
κοχλίου (genitive)
ὁ κοχλῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κοχλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοχλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοχλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κοχλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοχλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν κοχλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοχλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοχλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοχλίας (kochlías)

→ Latin: coclea

From κόχλος (kókhlos, “shellfish with a spiral shell”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās, nominal suffix).

af

anything twisted spirally:
screw, especially Archimedes screw


ἀράχνη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη • (arákhnē) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης); first declension

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (canonical)
arákhnē (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρᾰχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (plural vocative)

> Greek: αράχνη (aráchni) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: αράχνα (aráchna), 'ράχνα ('ráchna), 'ράχνα̤ ('ráchnä), αράνα (arána) (inherited)
→ Laz: რახნა (raxna)
→ Turkish: arahna, araḫana, rağna, rahna, raḫna

desc

> Tsakonian: αράχνα (aráchna), αράχλα (aráchla) (inherited)

→? Latin: arānea

desctree

⇒ Translingual: Arachnida
⇒ English: arachnoid
→ French: arachnide
→ English: arachnid

Pre-Greek origin, although related to Latin arānea. Whether it is the source of the Latin term or they both originated from a different common source is unclear. Basque armiarma possibly may be distantly related to the substrate.

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 286

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (arákhnēs).
spider web

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (arákhnēs).
cow parsnip

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (arákhnēs).
A kind of sundial (mollusc).


λαγώς

grc-noun

λᾰγώς • (lagṓs) m (genitive λᾰγώ); second declension

λᾰγώς (canonical)
lagṓs (romanization)
λᾰγώ (genitive)
ὁ λᾰγώς (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰγῴ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰγώ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῴν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγών (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰγῴ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῴν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰγῴς (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰγώ (accusative singular)
λᾰγών (accusative singular)
tòn lagṓ (accusative singular)
tòn lagṓn (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰγώς (accusative plural)
λᾰγώς (singular vocative)
λᾰγώ (dual vocative)
λᾰγῴ (plural vocative)

Greek: λαγός (lagós)

Persian: لاغوس (lâğus) (obsolete)

English: lagomorph

Translingual: Lagos, Lagurus

From *λαγοωυσός (*lagoōusós, “with flabby ears”), from *λαγο- (*lago-) (possibly the same root as English slack) and οὖς (oûs). Typologically compare Ossetian тӕрхъус (tærqus, “hare”, literally “long-ear”).

cog

sea hare (gastropod of the genus Aplysia)


πορφύρα

grc-noun

πορφῠ́ρᾱ • (porphúrā) f (genitive πορφῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

πορφῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
porphúrā (romanization)
πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πορφῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορφῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πορφῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πορφῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν πορφῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
πορφῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

Greek: πορφύρα (porfýra)

→ Latin: purpura (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Porphyra

Traditionally derived from πορφύρω (porphúrō, “I redden”), itself related to φύρω (phúrō, “I mix”), Hittite 𒁍𒊒𒌓 (purut, “mud, soil”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhuráti, “have convulsions, sprawl”). However, Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the absence of connections in other Indo-European languages.


κῆρυξ

grc-noun

κῆρῠξ • (kêrux) m (genitive κήρῡκος); third declension

κῆρῠξ (canonical)
kêrux (romanization)
κήρῡκος (genitive)
ὁ κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxi (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxin (dative plural)
τὸν κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)
κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dual genitive)
κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dative dual)
κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
kḗrūxi (dative plural)
kḗrūxin (dative plural)
kērū́kessi (dative plural)
kērū́kessin (dative plural)
kērū́kesi (dative plural)
kērū́kesin (dative plural)
κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)

By the long -ύ- and enlarged -κ-, suggested by Beekes to be a Pre-Greek word, but for Bernal this is from Egyptian qꜣ ḫrw (“loud voice”), both rejecting the frequent comparison to Sanskrit कारु (kāru, “singer, poet”).


σηπία

σηπίᾱ • (sēpíā) f (genitive σηπίᾱς); first declension

σηπίᾱ (canonical)
sēpíā (romanization)
σηπίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σηπίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σηπίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σηπίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σηπίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σηπίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σηπιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σηπίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σηπίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σηπίαις (dative plural)
τὴν σηπίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σηπίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σηπίᾱς (accusative plural)
σηπίᾱ (singular vocative)
σηπίᾱ (dual vocative)
σηπίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: σουπιά (soupiá)

Latin: sepia

A connection with σήπω (sḗpō, “to rot”) is semantically possible but formally problematic. However, it may be more likely that the word is of Pre-Greek origin.


ὄζαινα

ὄζαινᾰ • (ózaina) f (genitive ὀζαίνης); first declension

ὄζαινᾰ (canonical)
ózaina (romanization)
ὀζαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ὄζαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄζαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀζαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀζαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀζαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀζαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄζαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀζαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄζαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀζαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄζαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ozaena

From ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).

(pathology) ozaena, a type of chronic rhinitis


νηρίτης

νηρῑ́της • (nērī́tēs) m (genitive νηρῑ́του); first declension

νηρῑ́της (canonical)
nērī́tēs (romanization)
νηρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ νηρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ νηρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νηρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν νηρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νηρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
νηρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
νηρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: nārīta (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Nerita

The connection with νηρόν (nērón, “water”) is refuted by the forms with the vocalic anlaut “α-”. Furnée takes this initial variation as evidence for a Pre-Greek origin. Plevačová draws the term to Finnish nieriä (“saibling”) – which see for more relatives –, downplaying the semantic difference by noting that both are longish sea creatures caught in a fisher’s net and the contexts in which the Greek and Latin are attested may as well point to a fish.


ἀχραδαμύλα

head

ἀχραδαμύλα • (akhradamúla)

According to Beekes, the variation οι/υ proves a Pre-Greek etymology, as well as the well-known Pre-Greek suffix "-μυλα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: κόχλιας (kókhlias, “snail with spiral shell”), as they say in Tarentum.


τευθίς

grc-noun

τευθῐ́ς • (teuthís) f (genitive τευθῐ́δος); third declension

τευθῐ́ς (canonical)
teuthís (romanization)
τευθῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ τευθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τευθῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τευθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τευθῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τευθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τευθῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
τευθῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs teuthísi (dative plural)
taîs teuthísin (dative plural)
τὴν τευθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τευθῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τευθῐ́ς (singular vocative)
τευθῐ́δε (dual vocative)
τευθῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Teuthis

→ Old Armenian: թիսիւր (tʻisiwr)

According to Beekes, the word could be Pre-Greek, in view of the variant and the meaning. Several unconvincing attempts have been made by Pokorny, who compares the word with Sanskrit दोधति (dodhati, “fierce, impetuous, turbulent”) and by Schindler, who assumes an original color term, like in the plant name τεύθριον (teúthrion).

cog

Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris#Translingual


ἑλεδώνη

grc-noun

ἑλεδώνη • (heledṓnē) f (genitive ἑλεδώνης); first declension

heledṓnē (romanization)
ἑλεδώνης (genitive)
ἡ ἑλεδώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑλεδώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἑλεδῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἑλεδώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑλεδώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑλεδωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἑλεδώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑλεδώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἑλεδώναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἑλεδώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑλεδώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἑλεδώνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἑλεδώνη (singular vocative)
ἑλεδώνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἑλεδῶναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Eledone

The formation is similar to χελώνη (khelṓnē) and γογγρώνη (gongrṓnē). The word has been compared with δελεδώνη (deledṓnē, “kind of fish”) by Beekes, who suggests a Pre-Greek etymology.


σέσιλος

σέσῑλος • (sésīlos) m (genitive σεσῑ́λου); second declension

σέσῑλος (canonical)
sésīlos (romanization)
σεσῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σέσῑλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σέσῑλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σεσῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεσῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σεσῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σεσῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σέσῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σεσῑ́λους (accusative plural)
σέσῑλε (singular vocative)
σεσῑ́λω (dual vocative)
σέσῑλοι (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Probably related to σέμελος (sémelos, “snail”) and perhaps both of Pre-Greek origin.

unk

Unexplained


σέμελος

head

σέμελος • (sémelos)

Unknown, but perhaps from the same Pre-Greek root of σέσιλος (sésilos, “land slug”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: κοχλίας (kokhlías, “snail with a spiral shell”).


πορφυρίων

grc-noun

πορφῠρῐ́ονος

πορφῠρῐ́ων • (porphuríōn) m (genitive πορφῠρῐ́ονος); third declension

πορφῠρῐ́ων (canonical)
porphuríōn (romanization)
πορφῠρῐ́ονος (genitive)
ὁ πορφῠρῐ́ων (nominative singular)
τὼ πορφῠρῐ́ονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πορφῠρῐ́ονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πορφῠρῐ́ονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορφῠρῐόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορφῠρῐόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πορφῠρῐ́ονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορφῠρῐόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πορφῠρῐ́οσῐ (dative plural)
πορφῠρῐ́οσῐν (dative plural)
toîs porphuríosi (dative plural)
toîs porphuríosin (dative plural)
τὸν πορφῠρῐ́ονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πορφῠρῐ́ονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πορφῠρῐ́ονᾰς (accusative plural)
πορφῠρῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πορφῠρῐ́ονε (dual vocative)
πορφῠρῐ́ονες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πορφῠρῐ́ονος

Porphyrio porphyrio
Porphyrio porphyrio#Translingual


στρόμβος

grc-noun

στρόμβος • (strómbos) m (genitive στρόμβου); second declension

strómbos (romanization)
στρόμβου (genitive)
ὁ στρόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ στρόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ στρόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ στρόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν στρόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ στρόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στρόμβους (accusative plural)
στρόμβε (singular vocative)
στρόμβω (dual vocative)
στρόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: strombus

→⇒ Sicilian: strùmmula, strùmmulu

→ Translingual: Strombus

According to Beekes, the same Pre-Greek root of στρεβλός (streblós, “twisted, turned”), with a nasal infix.


λεπάς

λεπᾰ́ς • (lepás) f (genitive λεπᾰ́δος); third declension

λεπᾰ́ς (canonical)
lepás (romanization)
λεπᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λεπᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λεπᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λεπᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεπᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λεπᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεπᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
λεπᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lepási (dative plural)
taîs lepásin (dative plural)
τὴν λεπᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεπᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λεπᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
λεπᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
λεπᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lepās

→ Italian: lepade

→ Translingual: Lepas

Traditionally derived from λέπας (lépas, “scaur, rock”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás), as the animal clings to the rock. Alternatively, it could derive from λέπος (lépos, “rind, husk”), λεπίς (lepís, “scale, flake”).

suffix

limpet (gastropod of the family Patellidae)


πίνη

grc-noun

πῑ́νη • (pī́nē) f (genitive πῑ́νης); first declension

πῑ́νη (canonical)
pī́nē (romanization)
πῑ́νης (genitive)
ἡ πῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ πῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν πῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ πῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
πῑ́νη (singular vocative)
πῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
πῖναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pīna

→ Translingual: Pinna

According to Lewy, perhaps from Hebrew פנין (pĕnin, “coral”), but in view of the variation ν/νν, it is more probably Pre-Greek.

pen shell (bivalve of the family Pinnidae)


πελωρίς

πελωρῐ́ς • (pelōrís) f (genitive πελωρῐ́δος); third declension

πελωρῐ́ς (canonical)
pelōrís (romanization)
πελωρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πελωρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πελωρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πελωρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πελωρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελωρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελωρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πελωρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελωρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πελωρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πελωρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs pelōrísi (dative plural)
taîs pelōrísin (dative plural)
τὴν πελωρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πελωρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πελωρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πελωρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πελωρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πελωρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pelōris

→ French: palourde

From πέλωρ (pélōr, “portent, prodigy, monster”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


σελάτης

grc-noun

σελᾰ́της • (selátēs) m (genitive σελᾰ́του); first declension

σελᾰ́της (canonical)
selátēs (romanization)
σελᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ σελᾰ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σελᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σελᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σελᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σελᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σελᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σελᾰ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
σελᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σελᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

According to Redard, the correct form should be *σιαλίτης (*sialítēs), from σίαλον (síalon, “spittle, saliva”) + -ίτης (-ítēs).


ναυτίλος

grc-noun

ναυτῐ́λος • (nautílos) m (genitive ναυτῐ́λου); second declension

ναυτῐ́λος (canonical)
nautílos (romanization)
ναυτῐ́λου (genitive)
ὁ ναυτῐ́λος (nominative singular)
τὼ ναυτῐ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ναυτῐ́λοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ναυτῐ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ναυτῐ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναυτῐ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ναυτῐ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ναυτῐ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ναυτῐ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ναυτῐ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ ναυτῐ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ναυτῐ́λους (accusative plural)
ναυτῐ́λε (singular vocative)
ναυτῐ́λω (dual vocative)
ναυτῐ́λοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: nautilus
Catalan: nàutil
English: nautilus
French: nautile
Italian: nautilo
Portuguese: náutilo
Romanian: nautil
Spanish: nautilo
Translingual: Nautilus

Argonauta argo
Argonauta argo#Translingual


χήμη

grc-noun

χήμη • (khḗmē) f (genitive χήμης); first declension

khḗmē (romanization)
χήμης (genitive)
ἡ χήμη (nominative singular)
τὼ χήμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χῆμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χήμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χήμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χημῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χήμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χήμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χήμαις (dative plural)
τὴν χήμην (accusative singular)
τὼ χήμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χήμᾱς (accusative plural)
χήμη (singular vocative)
χήμᾱ (dual vocative)
χῆμαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chēma

Quite uncertain. Taken to be a verbal noun to χάσκω (kháskō, “to yawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁y- (“to gape, be wide open”). Compare χηλός (khēlós, “coffer”).


κάλχη

grc-noun

κᾰ́λχη • (kálkhē) f (genitive κᾰ́λχης); first declension

κᾰ́λχη (canonical)
kálkhē (romanization)
κᾰ́λχης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́λχη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́λχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́λχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́λχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́λχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́λχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́λχαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́λχην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λχᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λχη (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λχᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λχαι (plural vocative)

A loan of unknown origin. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin. It cannot be decided whether the name of the mythological seer Κάλχας (Kálkhas) belongs here as well.

unk

unknown

Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria#Translingual


κόχλος

grc-noun

κόχλος • (kókhlos) m (genitive κόχλου); second declension

kókhlos (romanization)
κόχλου (genitive)
ὁ κόχλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόχλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόχλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόχλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόχλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόχλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόχλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόχλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόχλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόχλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόχλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόχλους (accusative plural)
κόχλε (singular vocative)
κόχλω (dual vocative)
κόχλοι (plural vocative)

Connection with κόγχος (kónkhos, “mussel, cockle”) is evident; the prenasalization can be explained by borrowing from Pre-Greek or Semitic.


γάλαξ

γᾰ́λᾰξ • (gálax) m (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

γᾰ́λᾰξ (canonical)
gálax (romanization)
γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ γᾰ́λᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰ́λᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs gálaxi (dative plural)
toîs gálaxin (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰ́λᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
γᾰ́λᾰξ (singular vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
γᾰ́λᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Galax

Perhaps from γάλα (gála, “milk”), because of the color of its shell.


λεῖμαξ

λεῖμᾰξ • (leîmax) f (genitive λείμᾰκος); third declension

λεῖμᾰξ (canonical)
leîmax (romanization)
λείμᾰκος (genitive)
ἡ λεῖμᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λείμᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ λείμᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς λείμᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ λείμᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λείμᾰξῐ (dative plural)
λείμᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs leímaxi (dative plural)
taîs leímaxin (dative plural)
τὴν λείμᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λείμᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λείμᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
λεῖμᾰξ (singular vocative)
λείμᾰκε (dual vocative)
λείμᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: līmax (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Limax

Identical with Latin līmax (“snail”), which is probably a Greek loan, but also with Proto-Slavic *slimakъ (“snail”). Thus, it has to be a derivative in -ak- of the m-stem in Proto-Germanic *slīmą (“slime, mucus”), Latin līmus (“mud, slime”) and Ancient Greek λίμνη (límnē, “marsh”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”).


κόγχη

grc-noun

κόγχη • (kónkhē) f (genitive κόγχης); first declension

kónkhē (romanization)
κόγχης (genitive)
ἡ κόγχη (nominative singular)
τὼ κόγχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόγχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόγχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόγχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κογχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κόγχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόγχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόγχαις (dative plural)
τὴν κόγχην (accusative singular)
τὼ κόγχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόγχᾱς (accusative plural)
κόγχη (singular vocative)
κόγχᾱ (dual vocative)
κόγχαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: concha (see there for further descendants)

Probably from Pre-Greek, especially in view of the cluster -γχ- (-nkh-), which points to prenasalization in Pre-Greek terms. Compare καγκύλας (kankúlas, “mussel”) and κόχλος (kókhlos, “spiral conch, snail”), which both exhibit conclusively Pre-Greek variation.
Possibly related to Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkhá-, “conch, mussel”), but not by common inheritance from Proto-Indo-European. Doublet of κόγχος (kónkhos).

cog

anything like a mussel shell, especially a shell-like cavity in the body:


ὀσμύλη

grc-noun

ὀσμῠ́λη • (osmúlē) f (genitive ὀσμῠ́λης); first declension

ὀσμῠ́λη (canonical)
osmúlē (romanization)
ὀσμῠ́λης (genitive)
ἡ ὀσμῠ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσμῠ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀσμῠ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀσμῠ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσμῠ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσμῠλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀσμῠ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσμῠ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀσμῠ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀσμῠ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσμῠ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀσμῠ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀσμῠ́λη (singular vocative)
ὀσμῠ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀσμῠ́λαι (plural vocative)

From ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell, odour”), with a suffix found also in κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup”).

curled octopus, a kind of octopus of the species Eledone cirrhosa


αἱμορροΐς

αἱμορροΐς • (haimorrhoḯs) f (genitive αἱμορροΐδος); third declension

haimorrhoḯs (romanization)
αἱμορροΐδος (genitive)
ἡ αἱμορροΐς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς αἱμορροῐ̈́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμορροῐ̈́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἱμορροῐ̈́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐ (dative plural)
αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoḯsi (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoḯsin (dative plural)
τὴν αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰς (accusative plural)
αἱμορροΐς (singular vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: αιμορροΐδα (aimorroḯda)

→ Belarusian: гемаро́й (hjemarój)

→ Bulgarian: хеморои́д (hemoroíd)

→ Macedonian: хемороид (hemoroid)

→ Russian: геморро́й (gemorrój)

→ Turkish: hemoroit

→ Ukrainian: геморо́й (hemorój)

→ Volapük: hemoroid

→ Latin: haemorrhoidae

→ Catalan: hemorroide (learned)

→ Czech: hemoroid

→ Danish: hæmoride, hæmorroide

desctree

→ Middle English: emeroides, emerowdes, emeroydez, emoroydes, emoroides, emoraidez, ameraundys, emerawdys, emerawntys, emerodes
English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods

→ Esperanto: hemoroido

→ French: hémorroïde (learned)

→ Galician: hemorroide (learned)

→ German: Hämorrhoide

→ Indonesian: hemoroid

→ Italian: emorroide (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hemoroide

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hemoroide

→ Polish: hemoroid

→ Portuguese: hemorroida

→ Romanian: hemoroid (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: hemoròīd

→ Slovak: hemoroid

→ Spanish: hemorroide (learned)

→ Swedish: hemorrojd

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”) + -ίς (-ís). Also serves as the feminine of αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”).

af

a kind of shellfish, perhaps Aporrhais pespelecani