ξίφος

grc-noun

ξῐ́φος • (xíphos) n (genitive ξῐ́φεος or ξῐ́φους); third declension

ξῐ́φος (canonical)
xíphos (romanization)
ξῐ́φεος (genitive)
ξῐ́φους (genitive)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
ξῐ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs xíphesi (dative plural)
toîs xíphesin (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (accusative plural)
ξῐ́φος (singular vocative)
ξῐ́φει (dual vocative)
ξῐ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: ξίφος (xífos)

Mariupol Greek: пси́фос (psífos)

Already in Late Mycenaean Greek (Ta-716 from Pylos), attested in the dual 𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁 (qi-si-pe-e, “two swords”) (mostly ideographically as 𐃉). Probably of non-Greek origin, likely borrowed from Egyptian zft (“sword, knife”). If not, perhaps both are from an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, or from a Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 4.1.21

sword, the short, straight, double-edged sword of the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 306

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.13.1

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.194


νύμφη

νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
númphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
númphain (dual genitive)
númphaiin (dual genitive)
númphēiin (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
númphain (dative dual)
númphaiin (dative dual)
númphēiin (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
númphēisi (dative plural)
númphēisin (dative plural)
númphēis (dative plural)
númphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Maybe from the same origin as Latin nūbō (“marry”) (English nubile), from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.

cog

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water


λωτός

grc-noun

λωτός • (lōtós) m (genitive λωτοῦ); second declension

lōtós (romanization)
λωτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ λωτός (nominative singular)
τὼ λωτώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λωτοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ λωτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λωτοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λωτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ λωτῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν λωτοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς λωτοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν λωτόν (accusative singular)
τὼ λωτώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λωτούς (accusative plural)
λωτέ (singular vocative)
λωτώ (dual vocative)
λωτοί (plural vocative)

Greek: λωτός (lotós)

→ Latin: lōtus

Probably from a Semitic source common to Hebrew לוֹט (lōṭ, “myrrh”, literally “covering, envelope”).

cog

Lotus corniculatus
Lotus corniculatus#Translingual

name of various fodder plants:
birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)

Nymphaea lotus
Nymphaea lotus#Translingual


ὄρχις

grc-noun

ὄρχις • (órkhis) m or f (genitive ὄρχεως or ὄρχῐος); third declension

órkhis (romanization)
ὄρχεως (genitive)
ὄρχῐος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ὄρχῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρχει (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ὄρχεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ὄρχεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄρχεων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ὄρχει (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρχέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ὄρχεσῐ (dative plural)
ὄρχεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs órkhesi (dative plural)
taîs órkhesin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ὄρχῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρχει (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ὄρχεις (accusative plural)
ὄρχῐ (singular vocative)
ὄρχει (dual vocative)
ὄρχεις (plural vocative)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion)

Greek: αρχίδι (archídi)

→ Greek: όρχις m (órchis)

→ Latin: orchis (see there for further descendants)

→ English: orchi-

→ Italian: orchi-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁órǵʰis. Cognates include Old Armenian որձիք (orjikʻ, “testicles”), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌 (ər^əzi), Hittite [script needed] (arkiš), Albanian herdhe, and Irish uirghe.


βολβός

grc-noun

βολβός • (bolbós) m (genitive βολβοῦ); second declension

bolbós (romanization)
βολβοῦ (genitive)
ὁ βολβός (nominative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (dual nominative)
οἱ βολβοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολβοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολβῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βολβῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολβοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολβοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν βολβόν (accusative singular)
τὼ βολβώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βολβούς (accusative plural)
βολβέ (singular vocative)
βολβώ (dual vocative)
βολβοί (plural vocative)

Greek: βολβός (volvós)

→ Latin: bulbus (see there for further descendants)

The form of the word is expressive, with a kind of reduplication. There are no direct relatives and it is reminiscent of words for round and globular objects, like Latin bulla (“water bubble”) and Latvian burbulis (“water bubble”). Further, similar to Armenian բողկ (boġk, “radish”), Sanskrit बल्बज (balbaja, “Indian goosegrass”), and Albanian bajgë.


δίσκος

grc-noun

δίσκος • (dískos) m (genitive δίσκου); second declension

dískos (romanization)
δίσκου (genitive)
ὁ δῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ δῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
δῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
δῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
δῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: δίσκος (dískos)
→ Romanian: disc

→ Aramaic:

Palestinian Aramaic: דיסקוס / ܕܝܣܩܘܣ

→ Latin: discus (see there for further descendants)

Furnée pointed out that the traditional derivation from δικεῖν (dikeîn, “to cast”) is hardly possible, because the suffix “-σκο-” is rare in nominal derivation. Therefore, he suggested to start from *δισκ-, a variant of δικεῖν (dikeîn), which has Pre-Greek origin.


μῶλυ

μῶλῠ • (môlu) n (genitive μώλῠος); third declension

μῶλῠ (canonical)
môlu (romanization)
μώλῠος (genitive)
τὸ μῶλῠ (nominative singular)
τὼ μώλῠε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μώλῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μώλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μωλῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μωλῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ μώλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν μωλῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μώλῠσῐ (dative plural)
μώλῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mṓlusi (dative plural)
toîs mṓlusin (dative plural)
τὸ μῶλῠ (accusative singular)
τὼ μώλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μώλῠᾰ (accusative plural)
μῶλῠ (singular vocative)
μώλῠε (dual vocative)
μώλῠᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: mōly
→ English: moly

→ Ottoman Turkish: مولی (moli)

Generally compared to Sanskrit मूल (mū́la, “root, radish”). However, Beekes prefers to connect the word with μώλυζα (mṓluza, “head of garlic”), which has a non-Greek suffix. According to Beekes, this noun must consequently be of Pre-Greek origin too. For the υ-stem, compare μίσυ (mísu), βράθυ (bráthu) and σῶρυ (sôru). According to Beekes, all proposed Indo-European etymologies must be rejected.

(in later writers) kind of garlic (Allium nigrum)


παγκράτιον

πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον • (pankrátion) n (genitive πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου); second declension

πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον (canonical)
pankrátion (romanization)
πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον (singular vocative)
πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From παγκρατής (pankratḗs, “all powerful”) + -ιον (-ion), from πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) + κράτος (krátos, “strength, power”).

affix

Pedanius Dioscorides, Materia Medica 2.203

Drimia maritima
Drimia maritima#Translingual


σκόροδον

head

σκόροδον • (skórodon)

Greek: σκόρδο (skórdo)

desc

→ Russian: скорода́ (skorodá), ско́рда (skórda)

→ Ossetian: скъуда (sk’uda), скъода (sk’oda)

A Mediterranean substrate word of the shape *skʰodoro, found also in Old Armenian խստոր (xstor) and Albanian hudhër.


ὄρτυξ

grc-noun

ὄρτῠξ • (órtux) m (genitive ὄρτῠγος or ὄρτῠκος); third declension

ὄρτῠξ (canonical)
órtux (romanization)
ὄρτῠγος (genitive)
ὄρτῠκος (genitive)
ὁ ὄρτῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρτῠγε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρτῠγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρτῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρτῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρτῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρτῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρτῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρτῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄρτῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs órtuxi (dative plural)
toîs órtuxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρτῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρτῠγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρτῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄρτῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄρτῠγε (dual vocative)
ὄρτῠγες (plural vocative)
ὁ ὄρτῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄρτῠκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ὄρτῠκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄρτῠκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρτῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρτῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄρτῠκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρτῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄρτῠξῐ (dative plural)
ὄρτῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs órtuxi (dative plural)
toîs órtuxin (dative plural)
τὸν ὄρτῠκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄρτῠκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὄρτῠκᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄρτῠξ (singular vocative)
ὄρτῠκε (dual vocative)
ὄρτῠκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ortyx

Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *wort-, whence also Sanskrit वर्तिका (vártikā), वर्तक (vartaka), but this does not account for the alternation of the ending -ῠγος (-ugos) ~ -ῠκος (-ukos), which Beekes considers characteristically Pre-Greek.


ὑάκινθος

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος • (huákinthos) m (genitive ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου); second declension

ῠ̔ᾰ́κινθος (canonical)
huákinthos (romanization)
ῠ̔ᾰκίνθου (genitive)
ὁ ὑάκινθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑάκινθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑακίνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑακίνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑακίνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑακίνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑακίνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὑάκινθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑακίνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑακίνθους (accusative plural)
ὑάκινθε (singular vocative)
ὑακίνθω (dual vocative)
ὑάκινθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: υάκινθος (yákinthos)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܩܘܢܕܐ (yāqūndāʾ, yaqqūndāʾ), ܝܘܩܢܛܐ (yūqanṭāʾ, “jacinth”)

יָקִינְתּוֹן

→ Hebrew: יָקִינְתּוֹן (yakintón)

desctree

→ Latin: hyacinthus
→ Catalan: jacint
→ English: hyacinth
→ Old French: jacinte
French: jacinthe
→ Middle English: jacynct, jacinct, jacinctus, jacinkte, jacint, jacyncte, jacyngh, jacynt, jasynkt
English: jacinth
Scots: jacinct (obsolete)
→ Swedish: hyacint
→ Finnish: hyasintti
→ German: Hyazinthe
→ Russian: гиаци́нт (giacínt)
→ Middle High German: jāchant
→ Polish: jachant
→ Old East Slavic: ꙗхонт (jaxont)
Russian: я́хонт (jáxont)
Ukrainian: я́хонт (jáxont)
→ Hungarian: jácint
→ Italian: giacinto
→ Spanish: jacinto
→ Serbo-Croatian: hijàcint / хија̀цинт

desc

→ Middle Persian: yʾknd (yākand, “ruby”)

Persian: یاکند (yâkand)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ), յակինթոս (yakintʻos), յակունդ (yakund), յակինդ (yakind); յաթինկոս (yatʻinkos) — misspelling
Middle Armenian: յակինթ (yakintʻ)
→ Armenian: հակինթ (hakintʻ)
→ Georgian: იაკინთი (iaḳinti)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: акинтъ (akintŭ), акунтъ (akuntŭ), ꙗкинфъ (jakinfŭ)

→ Parthian:

Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫇𐫗𐫅 (yʾkwnd /yākund/)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (yγwth /yaγūt/, “ruby”)

desctree

→ Arabic: يَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Afar: yaagút
→ Bengali: ইয়াকুত (iẏakut), এয়াকুত (eẏakut)
→ Swahili: yakuti
→ Northern Kurdish: yaqût
→ Middle Armenian: եաղութ (eaġutʻ)
→ Persian: یاقوت (yâqut)
→ Ottoman Turkish: یاقوت (yakut)
Turkish: yakut
→ Albanian: jakut
→ Romanian: iacut
→ Serbo-Croatian: jàkut／ја̀кут
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: याक़ूत (yāqūt)
Urdu: یَاقُوت (yāqūt)
→ Uyghur: ياقۇت (yaqut)
→ Uzbek: yoqut

Of Pre-Greek or other Mediterranean substrate origin and possibly related to Latin vaccinium. Note the Pre-Greek suffix -ινθ- (-inth-).

Scilla bifolia
Wikispecies:Scilla bifolia

Consolida ajacis
Consolida ajacis#Translingual

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual

The larkspur (Consolida ajacis, syn. Delphinium ajacis)

Huákinthos, “dark red, purple”, again see Latin vaccinium


λείριον

grc-noun

λείριον • (leírion) n (genitive λειρίου); second declension

leírion (romanization)
λειρίου (genitive)
τὸ λείριον (nominative singular)
τὼ λειρίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λείριᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λειρίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειρίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειρίων (genitive plural)
τῷ λειρίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειρίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λειρίοις (dative plural)
τὸ λείριον (accusative singular)
τὼ λειρίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λείριᾰ (accusative plural)
λείριον (singular vocative)
λειρίω (dual vocative)
λείριᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: λειρί (leirí, “cock's comb”)

→ Latin: līlium (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Lilium

→ Serbo-Croatian: lijȇr

From Fayyumic Coptic ϩⲗⲏⲣⲓ (hlēri) (compare Sahidic Coptic ϩⲣⲏⲣⲉ (hrēre)), from Demotic (ḥrry), from Egyptian D2:D21-D21:X1-M2 (ḥrrt, “flower”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egx-dem">ḥrry</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḥrrt</i>


κρίνον

grc-noun

κρῐ́νον • (krínon) n (genitive κρῐ́νου); second declension

κρῐ́νον (canonical)
krínon (romanization)
κρῐ́νου (genitive)
τὸ κρῐ́νον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́νᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́νᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῐ́νον (singular vocative)
κρῐ́νω (dual vocative)
κρῐ́νᾰ (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́νεᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κρῐνέων (genitive plural)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν κρῐ́νεσῐ (dative plural)
κρῐ́νεσῐν (dative plural)
toîsi krínesi (dative plural)
toîsi krínesin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κρῐ́νεᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῐ́νεᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κρίνο (kríno)

Unknown; presumedly of foreign or substrate origin.

καταμάθετε τὰ κρίνα τοῦ ἀγροῦ πῶς αὐξάνουσιν· οὐ κοπιῶσιν οὐδὲ νήθουσιν·

70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 6:28

See how the flowers of the field grow. They do not labor or spin.

katamáthete tà krína toû agroû pôs auxánousin; ou kopiôsin oudè nḗthousin;


ἄκορον

ἄκορον • (ákoron) n (genitive ἀκόρου); second declension

ákoron (romanization)
ἀκόρου (genitive)
τὸ ἄκορον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄκορᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκόροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄκορον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄκορᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄκορον (singular vocative)
ἀκόρω (dual vocative)
ἄκορᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: acorum

Perhaps from a same root as Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).

Iris pseudacorus
Iris pseudacorus#Translingual


ἀντίρρινον

ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον • (antírrhīnon) n (genitive ἀντῐρρῑ́νου); second declension

ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (canonical)
antírrhīnon (romanization)
ἀντῐρρῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀντῐρρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀντῐρρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀντῐρρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀντῐρρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀντῐρρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀντῐρρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (singular vocative)
ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: antirrhīnon

English: antirrhinum

Translingual: Antirrhinum

From ἀντῐ- (anti-, “instead of, counterfeit”) + ῥῑ́ς (rhī́s, “nose”) + -ον (-on).

af

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.19.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.130

Sch.Orib. 2.744

5th century CE

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antírrhīzon)

Hesychius Alexandreus

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antírrhīzon)

Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antírrhīzon)

calf's snout (Antirrhinum orontium, syn. Misopates orontium)


ἀνάρρινον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον • (anárrhīnon) n (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου); second declension

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (canonical)
anárrhīnon (romanization)
ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: anarrhīnon

Translingual: Anarrhinum

From ἀνᾰ- (ana-, “on, upon”) + ῥῑ́ς (rhī́s, “nose”) + -ον (-on).

af

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 925a.30

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 9.369b

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Fr. 84

Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativum#Translingual


πράσον

grc-noun

πρᾰ́σον • (práson) n (genitive πρᾰ́σου); second declension

πρᾰ́σον (canonical)
práson (romanization)
πρᾰ́σου (genitive)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (accusative plural)
πρᾰ́σον (singular vocative)
πρᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
πρᾰ́σᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: πράσο (práso), πράσσο n (prásso)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پراصه (prasa, pırasa), پراسه (prasa, pırasa)
Turkish: pırasa
→ Armenian: փըրասա (pʻərasa), փըռասա (pʻəṙasa)
→ Middle Armenian: փռասա (pʻṙasa)
→ Ladino: prasa

→ Coptic: ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (plassa)

desc

→ Laz: პრასკჲა (p̌rasǩya), პროსკჲა (p̌rosǩya), პრასა (p̌rasa), პრასკა (p̌rasǩa), პოსკჲა (p̌osǩya), პროსკა (p̌rosǩa), პასქია (p̌askia)

desctree

→ Mingrelian: პურასკია (ṗurasḳia), პურასქია (ṗuraskia)
→ Abkhaz: а-прасқьиа (a-pʼraskja)

→ Old Armenian: պրաս (pras), պրախ (prax), պրասխ (prasx), պարասխ (parasx)
Armenian: պրաս (pras)
Middle Armenian: պռաս (pṙas)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: прасъ (prasŭ), празъ (prazŭ)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: პრასაჲ (ṗrasay)
Georgian: პრასი (ṗrasi), პრასა (ṗrasa)
→ Bats: პრას (ṗras)
→ Ossetian: прасӕ (prasæ), праса (prasa)

→ Romanian: praz

Traditionally connected with Latin porrum (“leek”) and Albanian presh, derived from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so- (“leek”). But Beekes does not rule out a Pre-Greek origin.

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium porrum
Allium porrum#Translingual

leek, Allium ampeloprasum (syn. Allium porrum)


κυκλάμινος ἑτέρα

grc-noun

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ

κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ • (kuklámīnos hetérā) f (genitive κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς); second declension

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ (canonical)
kuklámīnos hetérā (romanization)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς (genitive)

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.165


κυκλάμινος

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος • (kuklámīnos) f or m (genitive κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου); second declension

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος (canonical)
kuklámīnos (romanization)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠκλᾰ́μῑνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠκλᾰ́μῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠκλᾰ́μῑνε (singular vocative)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠκλᾰ́μῑνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cyclamīnos (see there for further descendants)

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 5.123

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.164

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.9.4

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.9.3

Orph., A. 917


ἀσφόδελος

ἀσφόδελος • (asphódelos) m (genitive ἀσφόδελου); second declension

asphódelos (romanization)
ἀσφόδελου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσφόδελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσφοδέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσφόδελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσφοδέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσφοδέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσφοδέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσφοδέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσφοδέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσφοδέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσφόδελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσφοδέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσφοδέλους (accusative plural)
ἀσφόδελε (singular vocative)
ἀσφοδέλω (dual vocative)
ἀσφόδελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ασφοδίλι (asfodíli)

→ English: asphodel

desctree

→ Latin: asphodelus
Medieval Latin: affodillus
→ Middle English: affodill
English: daffodil
Catalan: asfòdel
French: asphodèle
Galician: asfódelo
Italian: asfodelo
Occitan: asfodèl
Portuguese: asfódelo
Spanish: asfódelo
→ Translingual: Asphodelus

Borrowed Pre-Greek word, as is shown by the variants. Furnée further compares σφονδύλιον (sphondúlion), which would show pre-nasalization. A speculative attempt by Biraud, who finds the same suffix in στυφελός (stuphelós), ζάφελος (záphelos) and ῥάκελος (rhákelos).

Asphodelus ramosus
Asphodelus ramosus#Translingual


κάλυξ

grc-noun

κᾰ́λῠξ • (kálux) f or m (genitive κᾰ́λῠκος); third declension

κᾰ́λῠξ (canonical)
kálux (romanization)
κᾰ́λῠκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κᾰ́λῠκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κᾰ́λῠκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κᾰ́λῠξῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́λῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs káluxi (dative plural)
taîs káluxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́λῠκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λῠκᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λῠξ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λῠκε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λῠκες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: calyx
→ English: calyx
→ French: calice
→ Galician: cáliz
→ Portuguese: cálice
→ Spanish: cáliz

Perhaps related to καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), despite the difference in the final consonant. The expected form would be *κάλυψ (*kálups). Ultimately probably from Pre-Greek.

Anchusa tinctoria
Wikispecies:Anchusa tinctoria

Alkanna matthioli
Wikispecies:Alkanna matthioli

The alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria, now Alkanna matthioli)


νάρκισσος

grc-noun

νάρκισσος • (nárkissos) m or f (genitive ναρκίσσου); second declension

nárkissos (romanization)
ναρκίσσου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ νάρκισσος (nominative singular)
τὼ ναρκίσσω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ νάρκισσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ναρκίσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναρκίσσων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ναρκίσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ναρκίσσοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν νάρκισσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ναρκίσσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ναρκίσσους (accusative plural)
νάρκισσε (singular vocative)
ναρκίσσω (dual vocative)
νάρκισσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)

→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)

→ Latin: narcissus (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /nargis/)

→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis) (see there for further descendants)

Persian: نرگس (narges) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)

According to Beekes, the suffix clearly points to a Pre-Greek word. The connection with νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) is due to folk etymology.


ἀσφάραγος

grc-noun

ἀσφάρᾰγος • (aspháragos) m (genitive ἀσφᾰράγου); second declension

ἀσφάρᾰγος (canonical)
aspháragos (romanization)
ἀσφᾰράγου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγε (singular vocative)
ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (plural vocative)

Latin: asparagus (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to jerk, to scatter”) (Latin spargo), but Beekes rejects this, citing a Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of the variation "π/φ"

der

Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus officinalis#Translingual


φάσγανον

grc-noun

φᾰ́σγᾰνον • (phásganon) n (genitive φᾰσγᾰ́νου); second declension

φᾰ́σγᾰνον (canonical)
phásganon (romanization)
φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰσγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰσγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰσγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
φᾰ́σγᾰνον (singular vocative)
φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Phasganon

According to Beekes of Pre-Greek origin. Has been connected with Ancient Greek σφάζω (spházō, “to slay, to kill”) but this connection seems unconvincing.


γήθυον

grc-noun

γήθῠον • (gḗthuon) n (genitive γηθύου); second declension

γήθῠον (canonical)
gḗthuon (romanization)
γηθύου (genitive)
τὸ γήθῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ γηθῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γήθῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γηθῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γηθῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γηθῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ γηθῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γηθῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γηθῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ γήθῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ γηθῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γήθῠᾰ (accusative plural)
γήθῠον (singular vocative)
γηθῠ́ω (dual vocative)
γήθῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: gēthyum

Due to the variations, probably from Pre-Greek.


ἀμακρῶτις

head

ἀμακρῶτις • (amakrôtis)

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek and perhaps related to μόκρων (mókrōn, “sharp, keen”).


κύνωψ

grc-noun

κύνωψ • (kúnōps) m (genitive κύνωπος); third declension

kúnōps (romanization)
κύνωπος (genitive)
ὁ κύνωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κύνωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κύνωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κύνωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κυνώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κυνώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κύνωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κυνώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κύνωψῐ (dative plural)
κύνωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs kúnōpsi (dative plural)
toîs kúnōpsin (dative plural)
τὸν κύνωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κύνωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κύνωπᾰς (accusative plural)
κύνωψ (singular vocative)
κύνωπε (dual vocative)
κύνωπες (plural vocative)

Latin: cynops

According to Beekes from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of a prothetic vowel in the alternative form. This form may be due to folk etymology, making it appear to be from κυνο- (kuno-, “dog”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”).

Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata#Translingual


ἴον

ῐ̓́ον • (íon) m (genitive ῐ̓́ου); second declension

ῐ̓́ον (canonical)
íon (romanization)
ῐ̓́ου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓́οις (dative plural)
ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́ω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́ᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̓́οις, ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ

Related to Latin viola, both from a common (unknown) Mediterranean substrate. Originally *ϝίον (*wíon).


μάνυζα

head

μάνυζα • (mánuza)

According to Beekes, clearly from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the suffix "-ζα".

μονοκέφαλον
μονοκέφαλος#Ancient Greek

σκόροδον
σκόροδον#Ancient Greek

Hesychius gives the definition as: μονοκέφαλον σκόροδον (monoképhalon skórodon, literally “one-headed garlic”).


γέλενος

γέλενος • (gélenos)

According to Furnée, from Pre-Greek and related to σχέλινος (skhélinos, “wild cypress”).

ἀσφόδελος
ἀσφόδελος#Ancient Greek

νάρκισσος
νάρκισσος#Ancient Greek

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos, “asphodel”), νάρκισσος (nárkissos, “daffodil”).


σκίλλα

grc-noun

σκῐ́λλᾰ • (skílla) f (genitive σκῐ́λλης); first declension

σκῐ́λλᾰ (canonical)
skílla (romanization)
σκῐ́λλης (genitive)
ἡ σκῐ́λλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́λλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκῐ́λλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκῐ́λλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́λλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκῐ́λλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́λλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκῐ́λλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκῐ́λλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́λλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκῐ́λλᾱς (accusative plural)
σκῐ́λλᾰ (singular vocative)
σκῐ́λλᾱ (dual vocative)
σκῐ́λλαι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: إشْقِيل (ʔišqīl), إسْقِيل (ʔisqīl)
→ Medieval Hebrew: אישקיל (ʾišqī́l)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܠܐ (sqillā), ܣܩܝܠܐ (sqīlā), ܐܣܩܝܠ (ʾəsqīl)

→ Latin: scilla

Translingual: Scilla

→ English: squill

→ French: scille

→ Italian: scilla

→ Spanish: esquila

→ Swedish: scilla

Unexplained foreign word, but probably of Pre-Greek origin. Compare Mingrelian შქიშქილა (škiškila, “a kind of garlic”, literally “young, tender, fresh”).

cog

squill (the name of various plants of the genus Scilla, and particularly Drimia maritima)


βαλαύστιον

grc-noun

βαλαύστιον • (balaústion) n (genitive βαλαυστίου); second declension

balaústion (romanization)
βαλαυστίου (genitive)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (nominative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαλαυστίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαλαυστίων (genitive plural)
τῷ βαλαυστίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαλαυστίοις (dative plural)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (accusative plural)
βαλαύστιον (singular vocative)
βαλαυστίω (dual vocative)
βαλαύστιᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: balaustium

→ Italian: balaustro

Related to Imperial Aramaic 𐡁𐡀𐡋𐡀𐡈 (bʾlʾṭ, “pomegranate shoot”), Classical Syriac ܒܠܳܨܳܐ (blāṣā, “pomegranate shoot”) and a Semitic borrowing maybe. However an explanation of the words will remain difficult; see Arabic رُمَّان (rummān) for another difficult pomegranate term.
Put by Beekes because of the variant “αυ/ω” as acquired via Pre-Greek together with βάλαρις (bálaris, “an unclear plant”), βαλλωτή (ballōtḗ, “black horehound”), βάλλις (bállis, “a plant with wonderful medicinal properties”).


πολύγονον

grc-noun

πολύγονον • (polúgonon) n (genitive πολυγόνου); second declension

polúgonon (romanization)
πολυγόνου (genitive)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠγόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠγόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠγόνοις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠ́γονον (singular vocative)
πολῠγόνω (dual vocative)
πολῠ́γονᾰ (plural vocative)

From πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), or neuter of πολύγονος (polúgonos, “prolific”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνος (gónos, “offspring”).

affix

πολύγονον ἄρρεν (árrhen, “male”), knotweed, Polygonum aviculare

Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare#Translingual

πολύγονον θῆλυ (thêlu, “female”), (probably) common mare's tail (Hippuris vulgaris)

Hippuris vulgaris
Hippuris vulgaris#Translingual


σκόλυβος

head

σκόλυβος • (skólubos)

Like σκόλυμος (skólumos, “kind of thistle”), from Pre-Greek.

ἐσθιόμενος
ἐσθίω#Ancient Greek

Hesychius gives the definition as: ἐσθιόμενος βολβός (esthiómenos bolbós, literally “edible tassel hyacinth”).


ξυρίς

grc-noun

ξῠρίς • (xurís) f (genitive ξῠρίδος); third declension

ξῠρίς (canonical)
xurís (romanization)
ξῠρίδος (genitive)
ἡ ξῠρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῠρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ξῠρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ξῠρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῠρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῠρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ξῠρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῠρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξῠρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ξῠρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs xurísi (dative plural)
taîs xurísin (dative plural)
τὴν ξῠρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῠρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξῠρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ξῠρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ξῠρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ξῠρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: xyris

→ Translingual: Xyris

The alternative forms σίρις (síris) and σῖρις (sîris) suggest that the older form was ξίρις (xíris). The variants point to a Pre-Greek origin.


μαχαιρόφυλλον

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον

μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον • (makhairóphullon) n (genitive μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου); second declension

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (canonical)
makhairóphullon (romanization)
μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (singular vocative)
μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον

From μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “knife”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).

compound

gladiolus (plant of the genus Gladiolus)


ὑπόγλωσσον

grc-noun

ὑπόγλωσσον • (hupóglōsson) n (genitive ὑπογλώσσου); second declension

hupóglōsson (romanization)
ὑπογλώσσου (genitive)
τὸ ὑπόγλωσσον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπογλώσσω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑπογλώσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπογλώσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπογλώσσων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑπογλώσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπογλώσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑπογλώσσοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὑπόγλωσσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπογλώσσω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑπόγλωσσον (singular vocative)
ὑπογλώσσω (dual vocative)
ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter form of ὑπόγλωσσος (hupóglōssos, “under the tongue”).


κυνόροδον

κῠνόροδον • (kunórodon) n (genitive κῠνορόδου); second declension

κῠνόροδον (canonical)
kunórodon (romanization)
κῠνορόδου (genitive)
τὸ κῠνόροδον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠνορόδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠνόροδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠνορόδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνορόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνορόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠνορόδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνορόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠνορόδοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῠνόροδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠνορόδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠνόροδᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠνόροδον (singular vocative)
κῠνορόδω (dual vocative)
κῠνόροδᾰ (plural vocative)

From κῠ́ων (kúōn, “dog”, oblique stem: κῠν-, kun-) + ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).

compound

oblique stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κῠν-</i>, kun-


τίφυον

grc-noun

τίφῠον • (típhuon) n (genitive τιφύου); second declension

τίφῠον (canonical)
típhuon (romanization)
τιφύου (genitive)
τὸ τίφῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ τιφῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τίφῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τιφῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τιφῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τιφῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ τιφῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τιφῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τιφῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ τίφῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ τιφῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τίφῠᾰ (accusative plural)
τίφῠον (singular vocative)
τιφῠ́ω (dual vocative)
τίφῠᾰ (plural vocative)

The connection with ἴφυον (íphuon, “spike lavender”) shows a Pre-Greek origin.


σοῦσον

σοῦσον • (soûson) n (genitive σούσου); second declension

soûson (romanization)
σούσου (genitive)
τὸ σοῦσον (nominative singular)
τὼ σούσω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σοῦσᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σούσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σούσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σούσων (genitive plural)
τῷ σούσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σούσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σούσοις (dative plural)
τὸ σοῦσον (accusative singular)
τὼ σούσω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σοῦσᾰ (accusative plural)
σοῦσον (singular vocative)
σούσω (dual vocative)
σοῦσᾰ (plural vocative)

From Egyptian zšn. Compare also Biblical Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (šōšannā, “lily”) and Coptic ϣⲱϣⲉⲛ (šōšen).


θρυαλλίς

grc-noun

θρῠαλλίς • (thruallís) f (genitive θρῠαλλίδος); third declension

θρῠαλλίς (canonical)
thruallís (romanization)
θρῠαλλίδος (genitive)
ἡ θρῠαλλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ θρῠαλλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ θρῠαλλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς θρῠαλλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρῠαλλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρῠαλλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ θρῠαλλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρῠαλλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θρῠαλλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
θρῠαλλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs thruallísi (dative plural)
taîs thruallísin (dative plural)
τὴν θρῠαλλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θρῠαλλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θρῠαλλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
θρῠαλλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
θρῠαλλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
θρῠαλλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

The suffix -ίς occurs mostly with plants and birds, so the word is probably Pre-Greek.


ὀρνιθόγαλον

ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λου

ὀρνῑθόγᾰλον • (ornīthógalon) n (genitive ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λου); second declension

ὀρνῑθόγᾰλον (canonical)
ornīthógalon (romanization)
ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ ὀρνῑθόγᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀρνῑθόγᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀρνῑθόγᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀρνῑθόγᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀρνῑθόγᾰλον (singular vocative)
ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ὀρνῑθόγᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀρνῑθογᾰ́λου

→ Latin: ornithogale

→ French: ornithogale

→ Translingual: Ornithogalum

From ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”) + γάλα (gála, “milk”).


ψύλλιον

grc-noun

ψῠ́λλῐον • (psúllion) n (genitive ψῠλλῐ́ου); second declension

ψῠ́λλῐον (canonical)
psúllion (romanization)
ψῠλλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ψῠ́λλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῠλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ψῠ́λλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψῠλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῠλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῠλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψῠλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῠλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψῠλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ψῠ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῠλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ψῠ́λλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ψῠ́λλῐον (singular vocative)
ψῠλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ψῠ́λλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: psyllium

From ψύλλα (psúlla, “flea”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


σατύριον

grc-noun

σᾰτῠ́ρῐον • (satúrion) n (genitive σᾰτῠρῐ́ου); second declension

σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (canonical)
satúrion (romanization)
σᾰτῠρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰτῠρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰτῠρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰτῠρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰτῠρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: satyrion

→ Latin: satyrion

→ Spanish: satirión

From σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyre”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


ἀμπελόπρασον

grc-noun

ἀμπελόπρᾰσον

ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σου

ἀμπελόπρᾰσον • (ampelóprason) n (genitive ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σου); second declension

ἀμπελόπρᾰσον (canonical)
ampelóprason (romanization)
ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σου (genitive)
τὸ ἀμπελόπρᾰσον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀμπελόπρᾰσᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀμπελόπρᾰσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀμπελόπρᾰσᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀμπελόπρᾰσον (singular vocative)
ἀμπελοπρᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
ἀμπελόπρᾰσᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀμπελόπρᾰσον

→ Latin: ampeloprasum

From ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”) + πράσον (práson, “leek”).


κορωνόπους

grc-noun

κορωνόπους • (korōnópous) m (genitive κορωνόποδος); third declension

korōnópous (romanization)
κορωνόποδος (genitive)
ὁ κορωνόπους (nominative singular)
τὼ κορωνόποδε (dual nominative)
οἱ κορωνόποδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορωνόποδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορωνοπόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορωνοπόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορωνόποδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορωνοπόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορωνόποσῐ (dative plural)
κορωνόποσῐν (dative plural)
toîs korōnóposi (dative plural)
toîs korōnóposin (dative plural)
τὸν κορωνόποδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κορωνόποδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορωνόποδᾰς (accusative plural)
κορωνόπους (singular vocative)
κορωνόποδε (dual vocative)
κορωνόποδες (plural vocative)

From κορωνός (korōnós, “curved, crooked”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

af

buck's horn plantain
buck's horn plantain

buck's horn plantain (Plantago coronopus)


ἀρνόγλωσσον

grc-noun

ἀρνόγλωσσον • (arnóglōsson) n (genitive ἀρνογλώσσου); second declension

arnóglōsson (romanization)
ἀρνογλώσσου (genitive)
τὸ ἀρνόγλωσσον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρνογλώσσω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρνόγλωσσᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρνογλώσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρνογλώσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρνογλώσσων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρνογλώσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρνογλώσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρνογλώσσοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀρνόγλωσσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρνογλώσσω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρνόγλωσσᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀρνόγλωσσον (singular vocative)
ἀρνογλώσσω (dual vocative)
ἀρνόγλωσσᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἀρήν (arḗn, “lamb”) + γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”).

compound

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


ἴπνον

grc-noun

ἴπνον • (ípnon) n (genitive ἴπνου); second declension

ípnon (romanization)
ἴπνου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓́πνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́πνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́πνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓́πνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́πνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓́πνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓́πνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́πνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓́πνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓́πνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́πνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́πνᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́πνον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́πνω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́πνᾰ (plural vocative)


χαμαικέρασος

χᾰμαικέρᾰσος

χᾰμαικερᾰ́σου

χᾰμαικέρᾰσος • (khamaikérasos) m (genitive χᾰμαικερᾰ́σου); second declension

χᾰμαικέρᾰσος (canonical)
khamaikérasos (romanization)
χᾰμαικερᾰ́σου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰμαικέρᾰσος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαικερᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰμαικέρᾰσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰμαικερᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαικερᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαικερᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰμαικερᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαικερᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰμαικερᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰμαικέρᾰσον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαικερᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰμαικερᾰ́σους (accusative plural)
χᾰμαικέρᾰσε (singular vocative)
χᾰμαικερᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
χᾰμαικέρᾰσοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰμαικέρᾰσος

From χαμαί (khamaí, “near the ground”) + κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”).

compound

Convallaria majalis
Convallaria majalis#Translingual

lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis)


λογχῖτις

grc-noun

λογχῖτῐς • (lonkhîtis) f (genitive λογχῑ́τῐδος); third declension

λογχῖτῐς (canonical)
lonkhîtis (romanization)
λογχῑ́τῐδος (genitive)
ἡ λογχῖτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ λογχῑ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ λογχῑ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς λογχῑ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λογχῑτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λογχῑτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λογχῑ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λογχῑτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λογχῑ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
λογχῑ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs lonkhī́tisi (dative plural)
taîs lonkhī́tisin (dative plural)
τὴν λογχῑ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λογχῑ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λογχῑ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
λογχῖτῐς (singular vocative)
λογχῑ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
λογχῑ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Lonchitis

From λόγχη (lónkhē, “lance, spear”) + -ῖτις (-îtis).


σεραπιάς

grc-noun

σερᾱπῐᾰ́ς • (serāpiás) f (genitive σερᾱπῐᾰ́δος); third declension

σερᾱπῐᾰ́ς (canonical)
serāpiás (romanization)
σερᾱπῐᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ σερᾱπῐᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ σερᾱπῐᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ σερᾱπῐᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς σερᾱπῐᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σερᾱπῐᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σερᾱπῐᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σερᾱπῐᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σερᾱπῐᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σερᾱπῐᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
σερᾱπῐᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs serāpiási (dative plural)
taîs serāpiásin (dative plural)
τὴν σερᾱπῐᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σερᾱπῐᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σερᾱπῐᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
σερᾱπῐᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
σερᾱπῐᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
σερᾱπῐᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: serāpiās

→ Translingual: Serapias


ἡμεροκαλλές

ἡμεροκᾰλλοῦς

ἡμεροκᾰλλές • (hēmerokallés) n (genitive ἡμεροκᾰλλοῦς); third declension

ἡμεροκᾰλλές (canonical)
hēmerokallés (romanization)
ἡμεροκᾰλλοῦς (genitive)
τὸ ἡμεροκᾰλλές (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡμεροκᾰλλεῖ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡμεροκᾰλλῆ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡμεροκᾰλλοῦς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡμεροκᾰλλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡμεροκᾰλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡμεροκᾰλλεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡμεροκᾰλλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡμεροκᾰλλέσῐ (dative plural)
ἡμεροκᾰλλέσῐν (dative plural)
toîs hēmerokallési (dative plural)
toîs hēmerokallésin (dative plural)
τὸ ἡμεροκᾰλλές (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡμεροκᾰλλεῖ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡμεροκᾰλλῆ (accusative plural)
ἡμεροκᾰλλές (singular vocative)
ἡμεροκᾰλλεῖ (dual vocative)
ἡμεροκᾰλλῆ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἡμεροκᾰλλοῦς

→ Translingual: Hemerocallis

From ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”) + κάλλος (kállos, “beautiful”).

compound

Lilium martagon
Lilium martagon#Translingual


κεντρομυρσίνη

grc-noun

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νης

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη • (kentromursínē) f (genitive κεντρομῠρσῐ́νης); first declension

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη (canonical)
kentromursínē (romanization)
κεντρομῠρσῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ κεντρομῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεντρομῠρσῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κεντρομῠρσῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεντρομῠρσῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεντρομῠρσῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεντρομῠρσῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεντρομῠρσῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεντρομῠρσῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν κεντρομῠρσῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ κεντρομῠρσῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεντρομῠρσῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη (singular vocative)
κεντρομῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
κεντρομῠρσῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νη

κεντρομῠρσῐ́νης

From κέντρον (kéntron, “goad, spur”) + μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”).

compound

Ruscus aculeatus
Ruscus aculeatus#Translingual


λυσιμάχειον

grc-noun

λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον

λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον • (lūsimákheion) n (genitive λῡσῐμᾰχείου); second declension

λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον (canonical)
lūsimákheion (romanization)
λῡσῐμᾰχείου (genitive)
τὸ λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῡσῐμᾰχείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῡσῐμᾰ́χειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῡσῐμᾰχείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῡσῐμᾰχείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῡσῐμᾰχείων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῡσῐμᾰχείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῡσῐμᾰχείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῡσῐμᾰχείοις (dative plural)
τὸ λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῡσῐμᾰχείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῡσῐμᾰ́χειᾰ (accusative plural)
λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον (singular vocative)
λῡσῐμᾰχείω (dual vocative)
λῡσῐμᾰ́χειᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λῡσῐμᾰ́χειον

→ Translingual: Lysimachia

Neutral form of λυσιμάχειος (lusimákheios, “of Lysimachus”).


ἀναγαλλίς

grc-noun

ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δος

ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́ς • (anagallís) f (genitive ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δος); third declension

ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́ς (canonical)
anagallís (romanization)
ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs anagallísi (dative plural)
taîs anagallísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀνᾰγᾰλλῐ́δος

desc

→ Arabic: أَنَاغَالِس (ʔanāḡālis), أَنَاغَلِس (ʔanāḡalis), أَنَاغَالِيس (ʔanāḡālīs)

→ Latin: anagallis

→ Translingual: Anagallis

From ἀνα- (ana-) + ἀγαλλίς (agallís, “Greek iris”).

af

Anagallis arvensis
Anagallis arvensis#Translingual

poor man's weatherglass
poor man's weatherglass

poor man's weatherglass (Lysimachia foemina)


μυάκανθος

grc-noun

μῠᾰ́κᾰνθος • (muákanthos) m (genitive μῠᾰκᾰ́νθου); second declension

μῠᾰ́κᾰνθος (canonical)
muákanthos (romanization)
μῠᾰκᾰ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ μῠᾰ́κᾰνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠᾰκᾰ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠᾰ́κᾰνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠᾰκᾰ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠᾰκᾰ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠᾰκᾰ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠᾰκᾰ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠᾰκᾰ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠᾰκᾰ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠᾰ́κᾰνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠᾰκᾰ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠᾰκᾰ́νθους (accusative plural)
μῠᾰ́κᾰνθε (singular vocative)
μῠᾰκᾰ́νθω (dual vocative)
μῠᾰ́κᾰνθοι (plural vocative)

From μῦς (mûs, “mouse”) + ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn”).


λύτρον

grc-noun

λῠ́τρον • (lútron) n (genitive λῠ́τρου); second declension

λῠ́τρον (canonical)
lútron (romanization)
λῠ́τρου (genitive)
τὸ λῠ́τρον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́τρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́τρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠ́τρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́τροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠ́τρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠ́τρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́τροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠ́τροις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠ́τρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́τρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́τρᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠ́τρον (singular vocative)
λῠ́τρω (dual vocative)
λῠ́τρᾰ (plural vocative)

From λύω (lúō, “to set free, release”) + -τρον (-tron, “a suffix forming instrument nouns”).


ὁλόστεον

grc-noun

ὁλόστεον • (holósteon) n (genitive ὁλοστέου); second declension

holósteon (romanization)
ὁλοστέου (genitive)
τὸ ὁλόστεον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁλοστέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὁλόστεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁλοστέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁλοστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁλοστέων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁλοστέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁλοστέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁλοστέοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὁλόστεον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁλοστέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὁλόστεᾰ (accusative plural)
ὁλόστεον (singular vocative)
ὁλοστέω (dual vocative)
ὁλόστεᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Holosteum

From ὅλος (hólos, “entire, whole”) + ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”).

compound

a plantain of species Plantago albicans.


κύτινος

grc-noun

κῠ́τῐνος • (kútinos) m (genitive κῠτῐ́νου); second declension

κῠ́τῐνος (canonical)
kútinos (romanization)
κῠτῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́τῐνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠτῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́τῐνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠτῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠτῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠτῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́τῐνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠτῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠτῐ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠ́τῐνε (singular vocative)
κῠτῐ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠ́τῐνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cytinus

→ Translingual: Cytinus

Because of the meaning "calyx", the word has been connected with κύτος (kútos, “hollow, vessel”). However, Furnée compares κύταρον (kútaron, “spoon”), κύδαρος (kúdaros, “small ship”), κύτταρος (kúttaros, “cell of a honeycomb”), κυττοί (kuttoí, “receptacles”). This points to a Pre-Greek word.


φαλάγγιον

φᾰλᾰ́γγῐον • (phalángion) n (genitive φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ου); second declension

φᾰλᾰ́γγῐον (canonical)
phalángion (romanization)
φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ φᾰλᾰ́γγῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰλᾰ́γγῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰγγῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾰγγῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰλᾰγγῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰλᾰ́γγῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰλᾰ́γγῐᾰ (accusative plural)
φᾰλᾰ́γγῐον (singular vocative)
φᾰλᾰγγῐ́ω (dual vocative)
φᾰλᾰ́γγῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σφαλάγγι (sfalángi)

→ Latin: phalangium

→ Translingual: Phalangium

From φάλαγξ (phálanx, “phalanx, battle array”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


σαπάνα

grc-noun

σᾰπᾰ́νᾰ • (sapána) f (genitive σᾰπᾰ́νης); first declension

σᾰπᾰ́νᾰ (canonical)
sapána (romanization)
σᾰπᾰ́νης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰπᾰ́νᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰπᾰ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰπᾰ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰπᾰ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰπᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰπᾰ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰπᾰ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰπᾰ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰπᾰ́νᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰπᾰ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰπᾰ́νᾰ (singular vocative)
σᾰπᾰ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰπᾰ́ναι (plural vocative)

Only found in one Dioskourides locus about “Phoenician” Anagallis, where it is said to be the name of the Gauls, which may be seen as the Punic population in Gaul, as the shape of the word is Semitic, and 𐤑𐤐𐤍 (ṣpn) is known from onomastics – see Baal-zephon – as meaning “to save, to protect”, relating to medicinal uses of the plant.


χαμαιμυρσίνη

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νης

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη • (khamaimursínē) f (genitive χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νης); first declension

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη (canonical)
khamaimursínē (romanization)
χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαιμῠρσῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη (singular vocative)
χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νη

χᾰμαιμῠρσῐ́νης

From χαμαί (khamaí, “near the ground”) + μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”).


ἀγριοκρόμμυον

grc-noun

ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον

ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ου

ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον • (agriokrómmuon) n (genitive ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ου); second declension

ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον (canonical)
agriokrómmuon (romanization)
ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον (singular vocative)
ἀγρῐοκρομμῠ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀγρῐοκρόμμῠον

From ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”) + κρόμμυον (krómmuon, “onion”).


ἐλατίνη

grc-noun

ἐλᾰτῐ́νη • (elatínē) f (genitive ἐλᾰτῐ́νης); first declension

ἐλᾰτῐ́νη (canonical)
elatínē (romanization)
ἐλᾰτῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ἐλᾰτῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλᾰτῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλᾰτῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰτῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλᾰτῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλᾰτῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰτῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλᾰτῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλᾰτῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰτῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλᾰτῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐλᾰτῐ́νη (singular vocative)
ἐλᾰτῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐλᾰτῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Elatine

Feminine form of ἐλάτινος (elátinos, “of fir”).


κρόμμυον

κρόμμῠον • (krómmuon) n (genitive κρομμῠ́ου); second declension

κρόμμῠον (canonical)
krómmuon (romanization)
κρομμῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κρόμμῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρομμῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρόμμῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρομμῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρομμῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρομμῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρομμῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρομμῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρομμῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κρόμμῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρομμῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρόμμῠᾰ (accusative plural)
κρόμμῠον (singular vocative)
κρομμῠ́ω (dual vocative)
κρόμμῠᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

> Tsakonian: κρέμμου (krémmou), κρέμμυ (krémmy) (inherited)

→ Laz: კრომი (ǩromi)

A similar word for "onion" and "garlic" is found in Proto-West Germanic *hramusō (“onion, garlic”), Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramson”) and Middle Irish crim (“garlic”), suggesting a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *kermus- (“wild garlic”). The e-vowel of Celtic and Balto-Slavic is also found in the placename Κρεμμυών (Kremmuṓn).


βουκράνιον

grc-noun

βουκρᾱ́νῐον • (boukrā́nion) n (genitive βουκρᾱνῐ́ου); second declension

βουκρᾱ́νῐον (canonical)
boukrā́nion (romanization)
βουκρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βουκρᾱ́νῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βουκρᾱνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βουκρᾱ́νῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουκρᾱνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουκρᾱνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουκρᾱνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουκρᾱνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουκρᾱνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουκρᾱνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βουκρᾱ́νῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βουκρᾱνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βουκρᾱ́νῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βουκρᾱ́νῐον (singular vocative)
βουκρᾱνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βουκρᾱ́νῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: būcrānium

→ Catalan: bucrani

→ English: bucranium

→ Italian: bucranio

From of βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “cranium, head”).

compound

(medicine) machine for reducing dislocations


κυνοκεφάλιον

grc-noun

κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον

κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ου

κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον • (kunokephálion) n (genitive κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ου); second declension

κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον (canonical)
kunokephálion (romanization)
κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον (singular vocative)
κῠνοκεφᾰλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠνοκεφᾰ́λῐον

From κυνοκέφαλον (kunoképhalon, “fleawort”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


πιθήκιον

grc-noun

πῐθήκῐον • (pithḗkion) n (genitive πῐθηκῐ́ου); second declension

πῐθήκῐον (canonical)
pithḗkion (romanization)
πῐθηκῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πῐθήκῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐθηκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πῐθήκῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐθηκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐθηκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐθηκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐθηκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐθηκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐθηκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πῐθήκῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐθηκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πῐθήκῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πῐθήκῐον (singular vocative)
πῐθηκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πῐθήκῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pithēcium

From πίθηκος (píthēkos, “ape”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


φῦσιγξ

grc-noun

φῦσῐγξ • (phûsinx) f (genitive φῡ́σῐγγος); third declension

φῦσῐγξ (canonical)
phûsinx (romanization)
φῡ́σῐγγος (genitive)
ἡ φῦσῐγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῡ́σῐγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ φῡ́σῐγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς φῡ́σῐγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῡσῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῡσῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ φῡ́σῐγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῡσῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῡ́σῐγξῐ (dative plural)
φῡ́σῐγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs phū́sinxi (dative plural)
taîs phū́sinxin (dative plural)
τὴν φῡ́σῐγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῡ́σῐγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῡ́σῐγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φῦσῐγξ (singular vocative)
φῡ́σῐγγε (dual vocative)
φῡ́σῐγγες (plural vocative)

→ Persian: فشنگ (fešang)

From φῦσᾰ (phûsa, “bellows; bladder”), with a typical Pre-Greek suffix -ιγξ.


ὀξυμυρσίνη

ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νης

ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νη • (oxumursínē) f (genitive ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νης); first declension

ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νη (canonical)
oxumursínē (romanization)
ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξῠμῠρσῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νη (singular vocative)
ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀξῠμῠρσῐ́νης

From ὀξῠ́ς (oxús, “sharp, acid”) + μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”).


λέμνα

grc-noun

λέμνᾰ • (lémna) f (genitive λέμνης); first declension

λέμνᾰ (canonical)
lémna (romanization)
λέμνης (genitive)
ἡ λέμνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ λέμνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λέμναι (nominative plural)
τῆς λέμνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέμναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεμνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λέμνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέμναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λέμναις (dative plural)
τὴν λέμνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ λέμνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λέμνᾱς (accusative plural)
λέμνᾰ (singular vocative)
λέμνᾱ (dual vocative)
λέμναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Lemna

Given the presence of the cluster -μν- and the specific meaning of the noun, it could be a Pre-Greek word.

star grass (plant of the genus Callitriche)


κρυστάλλιον

κρυστᾰ́λλῐον

κρυστᾰλλῐ́ου

κρυστᾰ́λλῐον • (krustállion) n (genitive κρυστᾰλλῐ́ου); second declension

κρυστᾰ́λλῐον (canonical)
krustállion (romanization)
κρυστᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κρυστᾰ́λλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρυστᾰλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρυστᾰ́λλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρυστᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρυστᾰλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρυστᾰλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρυστᾰλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρυστᾰλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρυστᾰλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κρυστᾰ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρυστᾰλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρυστᾰ́λλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κρυστᾰ́λλῐον (singular vocative)
κρυστᾰλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κρυστᾰ́λλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κρυστᾰ́λλῐον

From κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


πολυγόνατον

grc-noun

πολῠγονᾰ́του

πολῠγόνᾰτον • (polugónaton) n (genitive πολῠγονᾰ́του); second declension

πολῠγόνᾰτον (canonical)
polugónaton (romanization)
πολῠγονᾰ́του (genitive)
τὸ πολῠγόνᾰτον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠγονᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠγόνᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠγονᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠγονᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠγονᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠγονᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠγονᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠγονᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠγόνᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠγονᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠγόνᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠγόνᾰτον (singular vocative)
πολῠγονᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
πολῠγόνᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Polygonatum

Neuter of πολυγόνατος (polugónatos, “having many joints”).

Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum)


ἄλυπον

ἄλῡπον • (álūpon) n (genitive ἀλῡ́που); second declension

ἄλῡπον (canonical)
álūpon (romanization)
ἀλῡ́που (genitive)
τὸ ἄλῡπον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλῡ́πω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄλῡπᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλῡ́που (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλῡ́ποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλῡ́πων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλῡ́πῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλῡ́ποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλῡ́ποις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλῡπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλῡ́πω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄλῡπᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλῡπον (singular vocative)
ἀλῡ́πω (dual vocative)
ἄλῡπᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: alȳpon

Neuter form of ἄλῡπος (álūpos, “without pain, free from pain”).


πολύνευρον

πολῠ́νευρον • (polúneuron) n (genitive πολῠνεύρου); second declension

πολῠ́νευρον (canonical)
polúneuron (romanization)
πολῠνεύρου (genitive)
τὸ πολῠ́νευρον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠνεύρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́νευρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠνεύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠνεύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠνεύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠνεύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠνεύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠνεύροις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠ́νευρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠνεύρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́νευρᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠ́νευρον (singular vocative)
πολῠνεύρω (dual vocative)
πολῠ́νευρᾰ (plural vocative)

From πολῠ- (polu-, “much”) + νεῦρον (neûron, “sinew, nerve”).


ἱερόμυρτος

grc-noun

ἱερόμῠρτος • (hierómurtos) f (genitive ἱερομῠ́ρτου); second declension

ἱερόμῠρτος (canonical)
hierómurtos (romanization)
ἱερομῠ́ρτου (genitive)
ἡ ἱερόμῠρτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱερομῠ́ρτω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἱερόμῠρτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἱερομῠ́ρτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱερομῠ́ρτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱερομῠ́ρτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἱερομῠ́ρτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱερομῠ́ρτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἱερομῠ́ρτοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἱερόμῠρτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱερομῠ́ρτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἱερομῠ́ρτους (accusative plural)
ἱερόμῠρτε (singular vocative)
ἱερομῠ́ρτω (dual vocative)
ἱερόμῠρτοι (plural vocative)

From ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”) + μῠ́ρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”).


ἀνακτόριον

grc-noun

ἀνᾰκτόρῐον • (anaktórion) n (genitive ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ου); second declension

ἀνᾰκτόρῐον (canonical)
anaktórion (romanization)
ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἀνᾰκτόρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀνᾰκτόρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνᾰκτορῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνᾰκτορῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀνᾰκτορῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀνᾰκτόρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀνᾰκτόρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀνᾰκτόρῐον (singular vocative)
ἀνᾰκτορῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀνᾰκτόρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter form of ἀνᾰκτόρῐος (anaktórios, “royal, belonging to a king”).


κόρχορος

κόρχορος • (kórkhoros) m (genitive κορχόρου); second declension

kórkhoros (romanization)
κορχόρου (genitive)
ὁ κόρχορος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορχόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρχοροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορχόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορχόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορχόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορχόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορχόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορχόροις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρχορον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορχόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορχόρους (accusative plural)
κόρχορε (singular vocative)
κορχόρω (dual vocative)
κόρχοροι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Corchorus

According to Beekes, a reduplicated Pre-Greek formation.

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


λυκόσκορδον

λῠκόσκορδον • (lukóskordon) n (genitive λῠκοσκόρδου); second declension

λῠκόσκορδον (canonical)
lukóskordon (romanization)
λῠκοσκόρδου (genitive)
τὸ λῠκόσκορδον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκοσκόρδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠκόσκορδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠκοσκόρδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκοσκόρδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκοσκόρδων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠκοσκόρδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκοσκόρδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠκοσκόρδοις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠκόσκορδον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκοσκόρδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠκόσκορδᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠκόσκορδον (singular vocative)
λῠκοσκόρδω (dual vocative)
λῠκόσκορδᾰ (plural vocative)

From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) + σκόρδον (skórdon, “garlic”).

compound

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual


ἀκανθίας

grc-noun

ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱς • (akanthíās) m (genitive ἀκᾰνθῐ́ου); first declension

ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
akanthíās (romanization)
ἀκᾰνθῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀκᾰνθῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκᾰνθῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰνθῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκᾰνθῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκᾰνθῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκᾰνθῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀκᾰνθῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκᾰνθῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From ἄκᾰνθα (ákantha, “thorn”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).


γονής

head

γονής • (gonḗs)

According to Furnée, from the same Pre-Greek root of κονίλη (konílē, “marjoram”) and γωνώνη (gōnṓnē, “oregano”).

νάρκισσος
νάρκισσος#Ancient Greek

Hesychius' gives the definition as: νάρκισσος (nárkissos, “narcissus”).


κάνωπον

grc-noun

κᾰ́νωπον • (kánōpon) n (genitive κᾰνώπου); second declension

κᾰ́νωπον (canonical)
kánōpon (romanization)
κᾰνώπου (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́νωπον (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰνώπω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́νωπᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰνώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰνώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰνώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰνώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰνώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰνώποις (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́νωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰνώπω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́νωπᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́νωπον (singular vocative)
κᾰνώπω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́νωπᾰ (plural vocative)

unk

No etymology


ἀγαλλίς

grc-noun

ἀγᾰλλῐ́ς • (agallís) f (genitive ἀγᾰλλῐ́δος); third declension

ἀγᾰλλῐ́ς (canonical)
agallís (romanization)
ἀγᾰλλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἀγᾰλλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγᾰλλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀγᾰλλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγᾰλλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγᾰλλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγᾰλλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγᾰλλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγᾰλλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγᾰλλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀγᾰλλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs agallísi (dative plural)
taîs agallísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀγᾰλλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγᾰλλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγᾰλλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀγᾰλλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀγᾰλλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἀγᾰλλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

No etymology according to Beekes. The Diccionario Griego-Español proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”), through Thracian, and subsequently influenced by the unrelated verb ἀγάλλομαι (agállomai, “to be proud, exult in”).

unk

No etymology


παιωνία

grc-noun

παιωνίᾱ • (paiōníā) f (genitive παιωνίᾱς); first declension

παιωνίᾱ (canonical)
paiōníā (romanization)
παιωνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ παιωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ παιωνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ παιωνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς παιωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν παιωνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παιωνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ παιωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν παιωνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς παιωνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν παιωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ παιωνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς παιωνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
παιωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
παιωνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
παιωνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: παιωνία (paionía)

→ Latin: paeonia (see there for further descendants)

Substantivized feminine form of Παιώνιος (Paiṓnios, “Paeonian, medicinal, healing”).

Paeonia officinalis
Paeonia officinalis#Translingual

peony (Paeonia officinalis, Paeonia mascula)


ἄνθεμον

ἄνθεμον • (ánthemon) n (genitive ἀνθέμου); second declension

ánthemon (romanization)
ἀνθέμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄνθεμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθέμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄνθεμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀνθέμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθέμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθέμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀνθέμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθέμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀνθέμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄνθεμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθέμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄνθεμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄνθεμον (singular vocative)
ἀνθέμω (dual vocative)
ἄνθεμᾰ (plural vocative)

→⇒ Translingual: Anthemis

→ English: anthemis

→ French: anthémis

→⇒ Translingual: Mesembryanthemum

→ English: mesembryanthemum