σαύρα

grc-noun

σαύρᾱ • (saúrā) f (genitive σαύρᾱς); first declension

σαύρᾱ (canonical)
saúrā (romanization)
σαύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σαύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαῦραι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαύραις (dative plural)
τὴν σαύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαύρᾱς (accusative plural)
σαύρᾱ (singular vocative)
σαύρᾱ (dual vocative)
σαῦραι (plural vocative)

Beekes claims a Pre-Greek origin, due to the semantic category of lizards being "local substrate" and not being conceptualized among the Proto-Indo-Europeans.


ἀμφίσβαινα

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ • (amphísbaina) f (genitive ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης); first declension

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (canonical)
amphísbaina (romanization)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

→ Latin: amphisbaena (see there for further descendants)

From ᾰ̓μφῐ́ς (amphís, “on both sides”) + βαίνω (baínō, “I go”) + -ᾰ (-a).

af

a kind of serpent which can go backwards or forwards


ὕδρος

grc-noun

ῠ̔́δρος • (húdros) m (genitive ῠ̔́δρου); second declension

ῠ̔́δρος (canonical)
húdros (romanization)
ῠ̔́δρου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́δρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́δροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́δρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́δρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́δρους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δρε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δρω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá).


ἑρπετόν

ἑρπετόν • (herpetón) n (genitive ἑρπετοῦ); second declension

herpetón (romanization)
ἑρπετοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑρπετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑρπετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑρπετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἑρπετόν (singular vocative)
ἑρπετώ (dual vocative)
ἑρπετᾰ́ (plural vocative)

English: herpet-

Greek: ερπετό (erpetó)

Substantivized verbal adjective of ἕρπω (hérpō). Compare Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake, serpent”), Latin serpēns.

creeping animal, reptile, especially a snake


χελώνη

χελώνη • (khelṓnē) f (genitive χελώνης); first declension

khelṓnē (romanization)
χελώνης (genitive)
ἡ χελώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χελῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς χελώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χελώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χελώναις (dative plural)
τὴν χελώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χελώνᾱς (accusative plural)
χελώνη (singular vocative)
χελώνᾱ (dual vocative)
χελῶναι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: χελώνα f (chelóna, “tortoise, turtle”)

→ Spanish: quelonio

→ Translingual: Chelonia, Chelonia

→ English: chelonian

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰel(H)-ewH- (“tortoise, turtle-like animal”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *žely (“turtle, tortoise”); also related to χέλυς (khélus, “tortoise”).
However, Furnee and Chantraine consider the word a Pre-Greek borrowing based on the variant χέλυμνα (khélumna) (which yielded *χελυϝνα (*kheluwna) > χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē), χελύννα (khelúnna)) displaying μ/ϝ consonantal interchange, as well as the variant χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē) having -ῡ́ν- in its form, which is highly unusual if inherited from Proto-Indo-European.
Beekes favors the Pre-Greek derivation, and additionally separates the Slavic words etymologically, considering the Slavic to derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). There doesn't seem to be a good reason to separate the Slavic terms, however; even if not inherited, there is a possibility that the Greek and Slavic terms were borrowed from the same substrate source, in addition to the *ǵʰelh₃- theory being rejected by linguists such as Schmeja.
Another theory by Mastrelli, based on work by Frisk, derives the word from χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip, jaw”), taking the tortoise as a "sharp-jawed creature".


ἀσπίς

grc-noun

ᾰ̓σπίς • (aspís) f (genitive ᾰ̓σπίδος); third declension

ᾰ̓σπίς (canonical)
aspís (romanization)
ᾰ̓σπίδος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs aspísi (dative plural)
taîs aspísin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀσπί (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: aspis

Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)

→ Latin: aspis (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd), а́спид (áspyd), а́спід (áspid)


διψάς

διψᾰ́ς • (dipsás) f (genitive διψᾰ́δος); third declension

διψᾰ́ς (canonical)
dipsás (romanization)
διψᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ διψᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ διψᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ διψᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς διψᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν διψᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν διψᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ διψᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν διψᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς διψᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
διψᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs dipsási (dative plural)
taîs dipsásin (dative plural)
τὴν διψᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ διψᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς διψᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
διψᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
διψᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
διψᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: dipsas

→ Translingual: Dipsas

venomous serpent, whose bite caused intense thirst


χέλυς

χέλῡς or χέλῠς • (khélūs or khélus) f (genitive χέλῠος); third declension

χέλῡς (canonical)
χέλῠς (canonical)
khélūs (romanization)
khélus (romanization)
χέλῠος (genitive)
χέλῡς (nominative singular)
χέλῠε (dual nominative)
χέλῠες (nominative plural)
χέλῠος (genitive singular)
χελῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
χελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
χέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χέλυι (dative singular)
χελῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
χελῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
χελῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
χέλῡσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῡσῐν (dative plural)
χέλῡσσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῡσσῐν (dative plural)
khelúessi (dative plural)
khelúessin (dative plural)
khélūsi (dative plural)
khélūsin (dative plural)
khélūssi (dative plural)
khélūssin (dative plural)
χέλῡν (accusative singular)
χέλῠε (accusative dual)
χέλῡς (accusative plural)
χέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χέλῡ (singular vocative)
χέλῠε (dual vocative)
χέλῠες (plural vocative)
ἡ χέλῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χέλῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ χέλῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς χέλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ χέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χέλυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χελῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χέλῠσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khélusi (dative plural)
taîs khélusin (dative plural)
τὴν χέλῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χέλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χέλῡς (accusative plural)
χέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χέλῠ (singular vocative)
χέλῠε (dual vocative)
χέλῠες (plural vocative)

Latin: chelys

Related to χελώνη (khelṓnē, “tortoise”); see there for more.

315 BCE – 240 BCE, Aratus, Phaenomena 268


ἐμύς

ἐμῠ́ς • (emús) f (genitive ἐμῠ́δος); third declension

ἐμῠ́ς (canonical)
emús (romanization)
ἐμῠ́δος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἐμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμῠ́δε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἐμῠ́δες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐμῠ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμῠ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμῠ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐμῠ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμῠ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐμῠ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐμῠ́σῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs emúsi (dative plural)
taîs emúsin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἐμῠ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμῠ́δε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐμῠ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐμῠ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐμῠ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐμῠ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: emys

→ English: emys

→ Translingual: Emys

Unknown. Sommer derives it from ἐμέω (eméō, “to vomit”), because the animal, when breathing out below the surface of water, continuously releases air bubbles. However, Beekes states that -ud- is not an Indo-European suffix, concluding that the word is probably Pre-Greek. The variation ἀ-/ἐ- is also proof of substrate origin.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.33

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 8.2


σκυτάλη

σκῠτάλη • (skutálē) f (genitive σκῠτάλης); first declension

σκῠτάλη (canonical)
skutálē (romanization)
σκῠτάλης (genitive)
ἡ σκῠτάλη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠτάλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκῠτάλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκῠτάλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠτάλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠταλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκῠτάλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠτάλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκῠτάλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκῠτάλην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠτάλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκῠτάλᾱς (accusative plural)
σκῠτάλη (singular vocative)
σκῠτάλᾱ (dual vocative)
σκῠτάλαι (plural vocative)

desc

إِسْقَاطُولِيّ

→ Arabic: إِسْقَاطُولِيّ (ʔisqāṭūliyy, “the beam of wood or handle or lever used in simple machines”)

→ Latin: scytalē

unk

unknown

A pole or staff like those of a sedan chair

A serpent of uniform roundness and thickness


σκίγγος

grc-noun

σκίγγος • (skíngos) m (genitive σκίγγου); second declension

skíngos (romanization)
σκίγγου (genitive)
ὁ σκῐ́γγος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́γγω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῐ́γγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῐ́γγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῐ́γγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῐ́γγοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῐ́γγον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́γγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῐ́γγους (accusative plural)
σκῐ́γγε (singular vocative)
σκῐ́γγω (dual vocative)
σκῐ́γγοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scincos, scincus (see there for further descendants)

The variation points to Semitic origin, since there a nasal followed by a stop is often replaced with a geminate stop; the word is there attested in Classical Syriac ܣܩܝܢܩܘܪ (sqinqūr, “skink”) with variants and Akkadian 𒆲𒁯 (KUN.DAR /šakkadirru, šakkatirru/, “skink”, literally “mongoose of the forest”), originally applied to another relatable creature, but again listed separately as a type of lizard as well.


γράα

grc-noun

γράᾱ • (gráā) f (genitive γράᾱς); first declension

γράᾱ (canonical)
gráā (romanization)
γράᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γράᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γράᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γράαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γράᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γράαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γραῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γράᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γράαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γράαις (dative plural)
τὴν γράᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γράᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γράᾱς (accusative plural)
γράᾱ (singular vocative)
γράᾱ (dual vocative)
γράαι (plural vocative)

From an Indo-Aryan word related to Sanskrit ग्रह (graha, “crocodile”, literally “seizing, holding, catching, receiving”).

cog

kind of water snake mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


ἔλλοψ

grc-noun

ἔλλοψ • (éllops) m (genitive ἔλλοπος); third declension

éllops (romanization)
ἔλλοπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔλλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔλλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔλλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔλλοψῐ (dative plural)
ἔλλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs éllopsi (dative plural)
toîs éllopsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔλλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔλλοψ (singular vocative)
ἔλλοπε (dual vocative)
ἔλλοπες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: helops

Beekes suggest a Pre-Greek origin for this word in view of the variation λ/λλ. He further connects the word with ἀλλοπίας (allopías), hinting at a common word for a great fish.

Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio#Translingual

European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio)


κλεμμύς

κλεμμῠ́ς • (klemmús) f (genitive κλεμμῠ́ος); third declension

κλεμμῠ́ς (canonical)
klemmús (romanization)
κλεμμῠ́ος (genitive)
ἡ κλεμμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλεμμῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τῆς κλεμμῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλεμμῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλεμμῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλεμμῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλεμμῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs klemmusí (dative plural)
taîs klemmusín (dative plural)
τὴν κλεμμῠ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλεμμῦς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ (singular vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ε (dual vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to that of synonymous words χέλυς (khélus) and ἐμύς (emús). Originally considered a folk-etymological adaptation to κλέμμα (klémma) and κλέπτω (kléptō, “to conceal”), because turtles can hide their bodies under their shell. Furnée compares κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and χρέμυς (khrémus, “a sort of cod”); these variants confirm that the word is Pre-Greek.


ἀσκάλαβος

ἀσκάλαβος • (askálabos) m (genitive ἀσκαλᾰ́βου); second declension

askálabos (romanization)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκάλᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκάλᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκάλᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
ἀσκάλᾰβε (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
ἀσκάλᾰβοι (plural vocative)

Clearly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the ending in “-βος” (often found in animal names) and the several variations. Less probable is a connection with σκάλοψ (skálops, “mole”).


βασιλίσκος

βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος • (basilískos) m (genitive βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου); second declension

βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος (canonical)
basilískos (romanization)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰσῐλῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲥⲕⲟⲥ (basiliskos)

→ Latin: basiliscus, Basiliscus

desc

→ Old Armenian: բասիլիսկոս (basiliskos), բասիղիսկոս (basiłiskos)

From βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús, “king”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos).

etymon

βᾰσῐλεύς>king

af

The given name of a Roman Emperor, Basiliscus (written in uppercase as Βασιλισκός)


οὐραῖος

grc-noun

οὐραῖος • (ouraîos) m (genitive οὐραίου); second declension

ouraîos (romanization)
οὐραίου (genitive)
ὁ οὐραῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐραίω (dual nominative)
οἱ οὐραῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐραίοις (dative plural)
τὸν οὐραῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐραίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὐραίους (accusative plural)
οὐραῖε (singular vocative)
οὐραίω (dual vocative)
οὐραῖοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ūraeus

Traditionally assumed to be from Egyptian jꜥrt (“cobra in threat posture”), i-a:r:*t-I12, from jꜥr (“to rise, climb”); however, on phonetic grounds, Gundacker, following Fecht, argues for an origin in Egyptian wrrt (“White Crown, uraeus”, literally “the great one”) instead.

der

*οὐβαῖος

*oubaîos; The accusative form οὐβαῖον appears as a hapax legomenon in some copies of Horapollo's Hieroglyphica. Appears to be typographical error, but cf. Coptic ⲟⲃⲓⲟⲛ (obion).


κινώπετον

grc-noun

κῐνώπετον • (kinṓpeton) n (genitive κῐνωπέτου); second declension

κῐνώπετον (canonical)
kinṓpeton (romanization)
κῐνωπέτου (genitive)
τὸ κῐνώπετον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐνωπέτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῐνώπετᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐνωπέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐνωπέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐνωπέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐνωπέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐνωπέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐνωπέτοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῐνώπετον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐνωπέτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῐνώπετᾰ (accusative plural)
κῐνώπετον (singular vocative)
κῐνωπέτω (dual vocative)
κῐνώπετᾰ (plural vocative)

Ending like in ἑρπετόν (herpetón) and δακετόν (daketón). Probably related to κνώψ (knṓps, “venomous animal”). The vocalism points to a Pre-Greek origin.


κνώψ

κνώψ • (knṓps) m (genitive κνωπός); third declension

knṓps (romanization)
κνωπός (genitive)
ὁ κνώψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κνῶπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κνῶπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κνωπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνωποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνωπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κνωπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνωποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κνωψῐ́ (dative plural)
κνωψῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs knōpsí (dative plural)
toîs knōpsín (dative plural)
τὸν κνῶπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κνῶπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κνῶπᾰς (accusative plural)
κνώψ (singular vocative)
κνῶπε (dual vocative)
κνῶπες (plural vocative)

Clearly related to κινώπετον (kinṓpeton, “venomous beast”) and thus from Pre-Greek. Not a cross of κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild animal”) and another word.


ἔνυδρις

ἔνῠδρῐς • (énudris) f (genitive ἐνῠ́δρῐος); third declension

ἔνῠδρῐς (canonical)
énudris (romanization)
ἐνῠ́δρῐος (genitive)
ἡ ἔνῠδρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐνῠ́δρῐε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐνῠ́δρῐες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐνῠ́δρῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐνῠδρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐνῠδρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐνῠ́δρῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐνῠδρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐνῠ́δρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ἐνῠ́δρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs enúdrisi (dative plural)
taîs enúdrisin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔνῠδρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐνῠ́δρῐε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐνῠ́δρῑς (accusative plural)
ἐνῠ́δρῐᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔνῠδρῐ (singular vocative)
ἐνῠ́δρῐε (dual vocative)
ἐνῠ́δρῐες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: enhydris

→ Translingual: Enhydris

From ἐν- (en-, “in”) + ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + -ις (-is). Compare also Proto-Germanic *utraz, Latin lutra, Proto-Slavic *vydra and Sanskrit उद्र (udra).

af

Natrix natrix
Natrix natrix#Translingual


ζιγνίς

grc-noun

ζῐγνῐ́ς • (zignís) f (genitive ζῐγνῐ́δος); third declension

ζῐγνῐ́ς (canonical)
zignís (romanization)
ζῐγνῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ζῐγνῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῐγνῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ζῐγνῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ζῐγνῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῐγνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῐγνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ζῐγνῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῐγνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζῐγνῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ζῐγνῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs zignísi (dative plural)
taîs zignísin (dative plural)
τὴν ζῐγνῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῐγνῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζῐγνῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ζῐγνῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ζῐγνῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ζῐγνῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Unknown. According to Beekes, the alternation δ/ζ could lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


χαλκίς

χᾰλκῐ́ς • (khalkís) f (genitive χᾰλκῐ́δος); third declension

χᾰλκῐ́ς (canonical)
khalkís (romanization)
χᾰλκῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs khalkísi (dative plural)
taîs khalkísin (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκῐ́ς (singular vocative)
χᾰλκῐ́δε (dual vocative)
χᾰλκῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chalcis

From χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís) or perhaps from the toponym Χαλκίς (Khalkís).

Coracias garrulus
Coracias garrulus#Translingual


μόλουρος

μόλουρος • (mólouros) m (genitive μολούρου); second declension

mólouros (romanization)
μολούρου (genitive)
ὁ μόλουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μολούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόλουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μολούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μολούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μολούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μολούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μολούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μολούροις (dative plural)
τὸν μόλουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μολούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μολούρους (accusative plural)
μόλουρε (singular vocative)
μολούρω (dual vocative)
μόλουροι (plural vocative)

No etymology. Given the ending, perhaps it is from Pre-Greek; compare ἴνδουρος (índouros), παλίουρος (palíouros), σκίουρος (skíouros) and τάγχουρος (tánkhouros).

unk

No etymology


κεράστης

grc-noun

κερᾰ́στης • (kerástēs) m (genitive κερᾰ́στου); second declension

κερᾰ́στης (canonical)
kerástēs (romanization)
κερᾰ́στου (genitive)
ὁ κερᾰ́στης (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́στᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κερᾰ́σται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰ́στου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́σταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰ́στῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰ́σταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰ́σταις (dative plural)
τὸν κερᾰ́στην (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰ́στᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερᾰ́στᾱς (accusative plural)
κερᾰ́στᾰ (singular vocative)
κερᾰ́στᾱ (dual vocative)
κερᾰ́σται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cerastēs

→ Italian: ceraste

→ Translingual: Cerastes

From κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


πίγγαλος

grc-noun

πῐ́γγᾰλος • (píngalos) m (genitive πῐγγᾰ́λου); second declension

πῐ́γγᾰλος (canonical)
píngalos (romanization)
πῐγγᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́γγᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐγγᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́γγᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐγγᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐγγᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐγγᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐγγᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐγγᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐγγᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́γγᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐγγᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐγγᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
πῐ́γγᾰλε (singular vocative)
πῐγγᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
πῐ́γγᾰλοι (plural vocative)

The word has been compared with Sanskrit पिङ्गल (piṅgala, “reddish brown”) and with πίγγαν (píngan, “nestling, chick”). The etymology remains unknown, however the presence of the prenasalization and the suffix -αλ- could lead to a Pre-Greek etymology.

unk

unknown


πυρρίας

grc-noun

πῠρρῐ́ᾱς • (purrhíās) m (genitive πῠρρῐ́ου); first declension

πῠρρῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
purrhíās (romanization)
πῠρρῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ πῠρρῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠρρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πῠρρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῠρρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠρρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠρρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πῠρρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠρρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῠρρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν πῠρρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠρρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῠρρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
πῠρρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
πῠρρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
πῠρρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From πῠρρός (purrhós, “red, fiery”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).

af

nickname given to red-haired slaves from Thrace


σαυρίτης

grc-noun

σαυρῑ́της • (saurī́tēs) m (genitive σαυρῑ́του); first declension

σαυρῑ́της (canonical)
saurī́tēs (romanization)
σαυρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σαυρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σαυρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαυρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σαυρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαυρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σαυρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαυρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σαυρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σαυρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: saurītēs

From σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).


παρείας

grc-noun

πᾰρείᾱς • (pareíās) m (genitive πᾰρείου); first declension

πᾰρείᾱς (canonical)
pareíās (romanization)
πᾰρείου (genitive)
ὁ πᾰρείᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρείᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰρεῖαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰρείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρειῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰρείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρείαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰρείαις (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰρείᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρείᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰρείᾱς (accusative plural)
πᾰρείᾱ (singular vocative)
πᾰρείᾱ (dual vocative)
πᾰρεῖαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: parēās

From πᾰρειά (pareiá, “cheek”) + -ας (-as, nominal suffix), after the light spots on both sides of the neck.