κύων

grc-noun

κῠ́ων • (kúōn) m or f (genitive κῠνός); third declension

κῠ́ων (canonical)
kúōn (romanization)
κῠνός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠ́ων (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́νε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠ́νες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
κῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
κῠ́νεσσῐ (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠ́νᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́νε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́νᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠ́ον (singular vocative)
κῠ́ων (singular vocative)
κῠ́νε (dual vocative)
κῠ́νες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κῠ́ον, κῠ́ων

κῠσῐ́, κῠσῐ́ν, κῠ́νεσσῐ

Greek: κύων (kýon)

Tsakonian: κούε (koúe)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). Cognates include Latin canis, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván) and Old English hund (English hound). The final -ν (-n) in the nominative singular which was absent in *ḱwṓ was restored in Greek by analogy to other forms in the paradigm.


ἵππος

grc-noun

ῐ̔́ππος • (híppos) m or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension

ῐ̔́ππος (canonical)
híppos (romanization)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)
ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
ῐ̔πποῖο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔ππόο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dual genitive)
ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dative dual)
ῐ̔́πποισῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποισῐν (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
híppoisi (dative plural)
híppoisin (dative plural)
híppois (dative plural)
ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίππος (íppos)

→ English: hippo-

→ French: hippo-

→ Italian: ippo-

→ Portuguese: hipo-

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Old English eoh, and Old Irish ech.

ἴκκος

mentioned only in the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum


ἄνθρωπος

ἄνθρωπος • (ánthrōpos) m or f (genitive ἀνθρώπου); second declension

ánthrōpos (romanization)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
toîsi anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
toîsi anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
toîsini (dative plural)
toîsinin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
têisi anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
têisi anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
têisini (dative plural)
têisinin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisi (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisin (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: άνθρωπος (ánthropos, “man”)

→ English: Anthropos (learned)

First attested in Hellenic as Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀵𐀫𐀦 (a-to-ro-qo), of uncertain origin. Scholars used to consider it to be a compound from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) and ὤψ (ṓps, “face, appearance, look”): thus, "he who looks like a man". However, a δ (d) would be expected to develop by epenthesis, as in the genitive ἀνδρός (andrós), yielding *ἀνδρωπος (*andrōpos). Rosén defends this etymology, positing that the original laryngeal *h₃ in the root for ὤψ (ṓps) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs) changed the δ to its aspirated counterpart θ even across the intervening ρ.
Beekes argues that since no convincing Indo-European etymology has been found, the word is probably of Pre-Greek origin; he connects the word with the word δρώψ (drṓps, “man”). According to Beekes (2009:xxix), "Shift of aspiration is found in some cases: θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη".
Garnier proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰéreh₃kʷós (“that which is below”) (from *n̥dʰér + *-h₃kʷ-o-), hence "earthly, human", for this compare with Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) whence Latin homō, Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”), Old English guma (“man”).
The word is treated in Plato's Cratylus.

lang

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

inh

(sometimes in the plural) all human beings, mankind


πίθηκος

grc-noun

πῐ́θηκος • (píthēkos) m (genitive πῐθήκου); second declension

πῐ́θηκος (canonical)
píthēkos (romanization)
πῐθήκου (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́θηκος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐθήκω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́θηκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐθήκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐθήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐθήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐθήκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐθήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐθήκοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́θηκον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐθήκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐθήκους (accusative plural)
πῐ́θηκε (singular vocative)
πῐθήκω (dual vocative)
πῐ́θηκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πίθηκος (píthikos)

→ English: pitheco-

→ Latin: pithēcus

→ Russian: пите́к (piték)

→ Translingual: Pithecus, -pithecus

→ Sicilian: pitecu, pitichinu

Uncertain. Commonly connected with Latin foedus (“ugly”). Beekes argues for an origin as a substrate loan-word or perhaps Pre-Greek. The same suffix can be found in ἱέραξ (hiérax, “falcon”) and μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


μαστός

μᾰστός • (mastós) m (genitive μᾰστοῦ); second declension

μᾰστός (canonical)
mastós (romanization)
μᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μᾰστός (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰστοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰστῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰστόν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰστούς (accusative plural)
μᾰστέ (singular vocative)
μᾰστώ (dual vocative)
μᾰστοί (plural vocative)

→ English: mastos

Perhaps related to μαδάω (madáō, “to be moist”). If so, then from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet, glossy, fat, well-fed”).

der

(anatomy) (especially of women) The human breast.

(zootomy, rarely) (of animals) An udder.

(especially of women) The human breast.
(of animals) An udder.


ἀστήρ

grc-noun

ᾰ̓στήρ • (astḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓στέρος); third declension

ᾰ̓στήρ (canonical)
astḗr (romanization)
ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓στήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓στέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓στέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓στέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓στέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓στέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓στέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓στέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓στέρᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓στήρ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓στέρες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓́στρᾰσῐ, ᾰ̓στρᾰ́σῐ

⇒ Greek: αστέρας (astéras)

desctree

→ Latin: astēr
→ English: aster
→ Cebuano: aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ German: Aster
→ Esperanto: astero
→ Ukrainian: а́йстра (ájstra)
→ Middle French: aster
French: aster
→ Romanian: aster
Translingual: Aster, Thalassianthus aster

From Proto-Hellenic *astḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognates include Latin stēlla, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), English star, Dutch ster, German Stern, Danish stjerne, Swedish stjärna, Icelandic stjarna, Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre) and Sanskrit तारा (tārā).


ταῦρος

grc-noun

ταῦρος • (taûros) m (genitive ταύρου); second declension

taûros (romanization)
ταύρου (genitive)
ὁ ταῦρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ταύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ταῦροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ταύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ταύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ταύροις (dative plural)
τὸν ταῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ταύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ταύρους (accusative plural)
ταῦρε (singular vocative)
ταύρω (dual vocative)
ταῦροι (plural vocative)

Greek: ταύρος (távros)

→ Dutch: tauros

From Proto-Hellenic *táuros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros; cognates include Latin taurus, Lithuanian taũras, Old English stēor (English steer), and Albanian ter. The Semitic words bear a resemblance: Aramaic תּוֹר (tor), Arabic ثَوْر (ṯawr), cf Proto-Semitic *ṯawr-; an etymological link is considered possible, either the PIE root was borrowed from the Semitic one, or the opposite, or both were borrowed from a third common source.

οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα

c. 80–90 CE, Gospel of Matthew, 22:4; Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition, 2012:

my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready (NRSV)

hoi taûroí mou kaì tà sitistà tethuména kaì pánta hétoima

A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature


κόκκος

κόκκος • (kókkos) m (genitive κόκκου); second declension

kókkos (romanization)
κόκκου (genitive)
ὁ κόκκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόκκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόκκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόκκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκους (accusative plural)
κόκκε (singular vocative)
κόκκω (dual vocative)
κόκκοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόκκος (kókkos)

→ Latin: coccum (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; possibly from Pre-Greek. Potential cognates include Spanish cuesco (“stone (of fruit)”), though this is rejected by Furnee.

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera#Translingual


οὖς

οὖς • (oûs) n (genitive ὠτός); third declension

oûs (romanization)
ὠτός (genitive)
τὸ οὖς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠτός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠτῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠσῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs ōsí (dative plural)
toîs ōsín (dative plural)
τὸ οὖς (accusative singular)
τὼ ὦτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
ὦτε (dual vocative)
ὦτᾰ (plural vocative)
οὖς (nominative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
οὔᾰτος (genitive singular)
οὐάτων (genitive plural)
οὔᾰτῐ (dative singular)
οὔᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ὠσί (dative plural)
ὠσίν (dative plural)
oúasi (dative plural)
oúasin (dative plural)
ōsí (dative plural)
ōsín (dative plural)
οὖς (accusative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
οὔᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

οὔᾰσῐ(ν), ὠσί(ν)

Koine Greek: ὠτίον (ōtíon), ὠτία (ōtía)

Byzantine Greek: ἀφτίον (aphtíon), ἀφτία (aphtía)

Greek: αφτί (aftí)

Mariupol Greek: фты (fty)

→ English: oto-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”). Cognate with Old English ēare (English ear), Latin auris, Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), Old Church Slavonic оухо (uxo), and Old Irish áu.


λέων

grc-noun

λέων • (léōn) m (genitive λέοντος); third declension

léōn (romanization)
λέοντος (genitive)
ὁ λέων (nominative singular)
τὼ λέοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ λέοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέουσῐ (dative plural)
λέουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs léousi (dative plural)
toîs léousin (dative plural)
τὸν λέοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λέοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέοντᾰς (accusative plural)
λέον (singular vocative)
λέοντε (dual vocative)
λέοντες (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲗⲉⲱⲛ (leōn)

→ Greek: λέων (léon) (learned)

→ Latin: leō (see there for further descendants)

Many ancient languages possessed similar words for lion, including Akkadian 𒌨 (labbu) (reconstructed to Proto-Semitic *labiʾ-). It is unclear how they are related and who borrowed from whom. The ultimate source is likely not Indo-European, however.
The τ (t) in the stem λεοντ- (leont-) was influenced by the present participle. The original stem was *λεον- (*leon-), as shown by λέαινα (léaina, “female lion”) and Latin leō. If the stem were originally λεοντ- (leont-), the feminine form would be *λέουσα (*léousa).


ἀλέκτωρ

ᾰ̓λέκτωρ • (aléktōr) m (genitive ᾰ̓λέκτορος); third declension

ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (canonical)
aléktōr (romanization)
ᾰ̓λέκτορος (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓λέκτορες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓λέκτορος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λεκτόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓λέκτορῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐν (dative plural)
toîs aléktorsi (dative plural)
toîs aléktorsin (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λέκτορε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορες (plural vocative)

Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣ (alektōr)

From ᾰ̓λέξω (aléxō, “I ward off”) + -τωρ (-tōr, “-er”).

suffix

Κόμπασον θαρσῶν, ἀλέκτωρ ὥστε θηλείας πέλας.

Brag in your bravery like a cock beside his hen.

Kómpason tharsôn, aléktōr hṓste thēleías pélas.

Tz., ad Lyc. 1094


ἀλέκτωρ

ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (canonical)
aléktōr (romanization)
ᾰ̓́λεκτορ (neuter)
ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (feminine masculine nominative singular)
ᾰ̓́λεκτορ (neuter nominative singular)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual neuter nominative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
ᾰ̓λέκτορος (genitive neuter singular)
ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dual genitive neuter)
ᾰ̓λεκτόρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
ᾰ̓λεκτόρων (genitive neuter plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορῐ (dative feminine masculine singular)
ᾰ̓λέκτορῐ (dative neuter singular)
ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
ᾰ̓λεκτόροιν (dative dual neuter)
ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
aléktorsi (dative feminine masculine plural)
aléktorsin (dative feminine masculine plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐ (dative neuter plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορσῐν (dative neuter plural)
aléktorsi (dative neuter plural)
aléktorsin (dative neuter plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ᾰ̓́λεκτορ (accusative neuter singular)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (accusative dual neuter)
ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
ᾰ̓́λεκτορ (feminine masculine singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λεκτορ (neuter singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορε (dual neuter vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ᾰ̓λέκτορᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
ᾰ̓λεκτόρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)

From ᾰ̓- (a-, “not”) + λέχομαι (lékhomai, “I lay”) + -τωρ (-tōr, “-er”). The meaning is supplied by λέκτρον (léktron, “marriage-bed”).

affix

ἔφη ’γενέθλιός ἐστι τῆς ἀλέκτορος Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἄδικος ἡ τῆτες ἡμέρα.'

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3.53

He said, "This is the birthday of the unwedded goddess Minerva, and this day is unjust."

éphē ’genéthliós esti tês aléktoros Athēnâs kaì ádikos hē têtes hēméra.'


ζῷον

grc-noun

ζῷον • (zôion) n (genitive ζῴου); second declension

zôion (romanization)
ζῴου (genitive)
τὸ ζῷον (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῴω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῷᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῴου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῴοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῴων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῴῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῴοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῴοις (dative plural)
τὸ ζῷον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῴω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῷᾰ (accusative plural)
ζῷον (singular vocative)
ζῴω (dual vocative)
ζῷᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ζώο (zóo)

→ Coptic: ⲍⲱⲟⲛ (zōon)

→ English: zoon, zoo-, zo-, -zoic

→ Russian: зоо- (zoo-)

⇒ Translingual: Mycetozoa (taxonomic infraphylum)

From Proto-Hellenic *ďṓyyon, from Pre-Hellenic *gʷyōwyon, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyeh₃w-y-om, from *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). Cognate with βίος (bíos, “life”). Compare Avestan 𐬘𐬫𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jyāⁱti), Proto-Slavic *gojь (“life”), Old Armenian կեամ (keam).


μέλισσα

μέλισσᾰ • (mélissa) f (genitive μελίσσης); first declension

μέλισσᾰ (canonical)
mélissa (romanization)
μελίσσης (genitive)
ἡ μέλισσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μελίσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μέλισσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μελίσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελίσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελισσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελίσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελίσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελίσσαις (dative plural)
τὴν μέλισσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μελίσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελίσσᾱς (accusative plural)
μέλισσᾰ (singular vocative)
μελίσσᾱ (dual vocative)
μέλισσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μέλισσα (mélissa)

desc

Turkish: melis (“honey bee”), meliz (“honey bee”) — dialectal

→ Translingual: Melissa

Potentially haplologized from *μελιλίχια (*melilíkhia), from Proto-Indo-European *mélit (“honey”) + *leyǵʰ- (“lick”). Compare Albanian bletë and Sanskrit मधुलिह् (madhulih).
Alternatively from Proto-Hellenic *meliťťa, equivalent to μέλιτ- (mélit-) + -ια (-ia).


ἕλμινς

grc-noun

ἕλμινς • (hélmins) f (genitive ἕλμινθος); third declension

hélmins (romanization)
ἕλμινθος (genitive)
ἡ ἕλμῐνς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἕλμῐνθε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἕλμῐνθες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἕλμῐνθος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑλμῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑλμῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἕλμῐνθῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑλμῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἕλμῐνσῐ (dative plural)
ἕλμῐνσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hélminsi (dative plural)
taîs hélminsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἕλμῐνθᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἕλμῐνθε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἕλμῐνθᾰς (accusative plural)
ἕλμιν (singular vocative)
ἕλμῐνθε (dual vocative)
ἕλμῐνθες (plural vocative)

→ English: helminth

→ Irish: heilmint

→ Russian: гельми́нт (gelʹmínt)

Uncertain. The original nominative was probably ἕλμις (hélmis), with ἕλμινς being a back-formation from the oblique forms. There appear to be two related Indo-European roots: *kʷr̥mis, with descendants such as Sanskrit कृमि (kṛmi) and Proto-Slavic *čьrvь; and *wr̥mis, with descendants such as Latin vermis and Old English wyrm (English worm). However, since ἕλμινς has a λ instead of a ρ, and also because of the sequence -νθ-, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.


πτερόν

πτερόν • (pterón) n (genitive πτεροῦ); second declension

pterón (romanization)
πτεροῦ (genitive)
τὸ πτερόν (nominative singular)
τὼ πτερώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πτερᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πτεροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτεροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πτερῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτεροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πτεροῖς (dative plural)
τὸ πτερόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πτερώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πτερᾰ́ (accusative plural)
πτερόν (singular vocative)
πτερώ (dual vocative)
πτερᾰ́ (plural vocative)

Greek: φτερό (fteró)

→ English: ptero-

French: hélicoptère

From Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (“feather”). Related to πέτομαι (pétomai, “I fly”), as well as to English feather.


σαῦρος

σαῦρος • (saûros) m (genitive σαύρου); second declension

saûros (romanization)
σαύρου (genitive)
ὁ σαῦρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σαύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σαῦροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σαύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαύροις (dative plural)
τὸν σαῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σαύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαύρους (accusative plural)
σαῦρε (singular vocative)
σαύρω (dual vocative)
σαῦροι (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: σαυρίς (saurís), σαυρίδιον (saurídion)

Greek: σαυρίδι (savrídi), σταυρίδι (stavrídi), σαφρίδι (safrídi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: استاورید (istavrid)

Turkish: istavrit

→ Belarusian: стаўры́да f (staŭrýda)

→ Bulgarian: сафри́д m (safríd)

→ Russian: ставри́да f (stavrída) (later half of 19ᵗʰ century), rarely страври́да (stravrída)

→ Ukrainian: ставри́да f (stavrýda)

→ Latin:

Galician: xurelo

→ New Latin: -saurus (learned)

→ Translingual: -saurus

→ English: -saurus, -saur

→ Translingual: Saurus

Variant of σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”). Others have suggested the word as a variant of σαῦλος (saûlos, “turning, twisting”).

375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 133.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 610b.5

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.720


τίτυρος

grc-noun

τῑ́τῠρος • (tī́turos) m (genitive τῑτῠ́ρου); second declension

τῑ́τῠρος (canonical)
tī́turos (romanization)
τῑτῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ τῑ́τῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ τῑτῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
τοὶ τῑ́τῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τῑτῠ́ροιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῑτῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῑτῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ τῑτῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τῑτῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τῑτῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν τῑ́τῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ τῑτῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τῑτῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
τῑ́τῠρε (singular vocative)
τῑτῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
τῑ́τῠροι (plural vocative)

Furnée compares διθύραμβος (dithúrambos, “dithyramb”), which would contain a variant ot this word, with a suffix -αμβος. Previous proposals include connection with synonymous σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyr”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) by Solmsen. This is rejected by Nehring, who considers both words to be loans from Asia Minor. Deroy connects the suffix -τυρος with ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”). According to Beekes, the word is Pre-Greek.


αἴγαγρος

grc-noun

αἴγᾰγρος • (aígagros) m or f (genitive αἰγᾰ́γρου); second declension

αἴγᾰγρος (canonical)
aígagros (romanization)
αἰγᾰ́γρου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ αἴγᾰγρος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ αἴγᾰγροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς αἰγᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ αἰγᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς αἰγᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν αἴγᾰγρον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
αἴγᾰγρε (singular vocative)
αἰγᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
αἴγᾰγροι (plural vocative)

From αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) and ᾰ̓γρός (agrós, “land”) (compare with ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”)).


αἴξ

αἴξ • (aíx) m or f (genitive αἰγός); third declension

aíx (romanization)
αἰγός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ αἴξ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἶγε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ αἶγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς αἰγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ αἰγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς αἰξῐ́ (dative plural)
αἰξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs així (dative plural)
taîs aixín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν αἶγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἶγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς αἶγᾰς (accusative plural)
αἴξ (singular vocative)
αἶγε (dual vocative)
αἶγες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: αίγα (aíga), γίδι (gídi) (from diminutive)

→ Greek: αιξ f (aix) (Katharevousa)

→ Translingual: Aix

From Proto-Hellenic *aíks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“goat”). Cognates include Old Armenian այծ (ayc), Sanskrit एड (eḍa), and Albanian dhi.


κάπρος

grc-noun

κᾰ́προς • (kápros) m (genitive κᾰ́πρου); second declension

κᾰ́προς (canonical)
kápros (romanization)
κᾰ́πρου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́προς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́προι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́πρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́πρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́πρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́προις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́προν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰ́πρους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́πρε (singular vocative)
κᾰ́πρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́προι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Capros

From Proto-Hellenic *kápros, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱapros (“male hooved animal”), possibly from *ḱapr̥ (“penis”). Cognate with Latin caper (“goat”), Old Irish gabor (“goat”).


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trágos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trágos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trágō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appears

voice change that takes place in puberty

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual


ἄρκτος

grc-noun

ᾰ̓́ρκτος • (árktos) f (genitive ᾰ̓́ρκτου); second declension

ᾰ̓́ρκτος (canonical)
árktos (romanization)
ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́ρκτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́ρκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρκτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́ρκτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρκτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́ρκτοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́ρκτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρκτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́ρκτους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρκτε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρκτοι (plural vocative)

→ English: Arcturus

desc

Greek: άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda)

→ Latin: arctus, Arctos, Arctus, Arctūrus

Pontic Greek: άρκος (árkos)

Translingual: Ursus arctos, Ursus arctos horribilis

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognates include Latin ursus, Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa), Old Armenian արջ (arǰ), and Albanian ari. The meaning of “north” derives from Ἄρκτος (Árktos, “Ursa Major”), because the constellation is in the northern part of the sky.


γαλαξίας

grc-noun

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς • (galaxíās) m (genitive γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου); first declension

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
galaxíās (romanization)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰξῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλᾰξῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: γαλαξίας m (galaxías)

desctree

→ Latin: galaxias f
⇒ Medieval Latin: galaxia f
→ German: Galaxie f
→ Italian: galassia f
→ Old French: galaxie
Middle French: galaxie
French: galaxie f
→ Middle English: galaxye, galaxie
English: galaxy

→ Latin: Via Lactea f sg (calque)
French: Voie lactée, voie lactée
Galician: Vía Láctea
Italian: Via Lattea
Portuguese: Via Láctea
Spanish: Vía Láctea
→ Middle English: Milky Wey (calque)
English: Milky Way

From γᾰ́λᾰ (gála, “milk”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās). Originally an adjective.

tailor's chalk (with implied λίθος (líthos, “stone”))


ξίφος

grc-noun

ξῐ́φος • (xíphos) n (genitive ξῐ́φεος or ξῐ́φους); third declension

ξῐ́φος (canonical)
xíphos (romanization)
ξῐ́φεος (genitive)
ξῐ́φους (genitive)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
ξῐ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs xíphesi (dative plural)
toîs xíphesin (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (accusative plural)
ξῐ́φος (singular vocative)
ξῐ́φει (dual vocative)
ξῐ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: ξίφος (xífos)

Mariupol Greek: пси́фос (psífos)

Already in Late Mycenaean Greek (Ta-716 from Pylos), attested in the dual 𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁 (qi-si-pe-e, “two swords”) (mostly ideographically as 𐃉). Probably of Pre-Greek origin, related to and perhaps borrowed from Egyptian zft (“sword, knife”). If the Greek isn't borrowed directly from the Egyptian, perhaps both are from an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, or from a Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.13.1

sword, the short, straight, double-edged sword of the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity.


σαύρα

σαύρᾱ • (saúrā) f (genitive σαύρᾱς); first declension

σαύρᾱ (canonical)
saúrā (romanization)
σαύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σαύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαῦραι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαύραις (dative plural)
τὴν σαύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαύρᾱς (accusative plural)
σαύρᾱ (singular vocative)
σαύρᾱ (dual vocative)
σαῦραι (plural vocative)

Beekes claims a Pre-Greek origin, due to the semantic category of lizards being "local substrate" and not being conceptualized among the Proto-Indo-Europeans.


πτέρυξ

πτέρῠξ • (ptérux) f (genitive πτέρῠγος); third declension

πτέρῠξ (canonical)
ptérux (romanization)
πτέρῠγος (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρῠγες (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρῠξῐ (dative plural)
πτέρῠξῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxi (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxin (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
πτέρῠξ (singular vocative)
πτέρῠγε (dual vocative)
πτέρῠγες (plural vocative)

Greek: πτέρυγα (ptéryga)

English: pterygo-, pteryg-

Connected with πτερόν (pterón, “feather”), but with an unexplained suffix.

anything like a wing:
(zootomy, in the plural) fins, flippers

anything like a wing:
(in the plural) feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)

anything like a wing:
feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)

broad edge of a sword or axe; (zootomy) beak of a swordfish


ἀμφίσβαινα

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ • (amphísbaina) f (genitive ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης); first declension

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (canonical)
amphísbaina (romanization)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐσβαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαιναι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓μφῐ́σβαινᾰ

→ Latin: amphisbaena (see there for further descendants)

From ᾰ̓μφῐ́ς (amphís, “on both sides”) + βαίνω (baínō, “I go”) + -ᾰ (-a).

af

a kind of serpent which can go backwards or forwards


γλαῦξ

grc-noun

γλαῦξ • (glaûx) f (genitive γλαυκός); third declension

glaûx (romanization)
γλαυκός (genitive)
ἡ γλαῦξ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλαῦκε (dual nominative)
αἱ γλαῦκες (nominative plural)
τῆς γλαυκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλαυκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλαυκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλαυκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλαυκοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλαυξῐ́ (dative plural)
γλαυξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs glauxí (dative plural)
taîs glauxín (dative plural)
τὴν γλαῦκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλαῦκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλαῦκᾰς (accusative plural)
γλαῦξ (singular vocative)
γλαῦκε (dual vocative)
γλαῦκες (plural vocative)

Greek: γλαύκα (gláfka).

In ancient times considered to derive from γλαυκός (glaukós, “bright”) in reference to their gleaming eyes; possibly pre-Greek according to Beekes.

Athene noctua
Athene noctua#Translingual


ψιττακός

ψιττᾰκός • (psittakós) m (genitive ψιττᾰκοῦ); second declension

ψιττᾰκός (canonical)
psittakós (romanization)
ψιττᾰκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ψιττᾰκός (nominative singular)
τὼ ψιττᾰκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψιττᾰκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψιττᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψιττᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψιττᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψιττᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψιττᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψιττᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ψιττᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψιττᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψιττᾰκούς (accusative plural)
ψιττᾰκέ (singular vocative)
ψιττᾰκώ (dual vocative)
ψιττᾰκοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: psittacus
German: Sittich


πάνθηρ

πᾰ́νθηρ • (pánthēr) m (genitive πᾰ́νθηρος); third declension

πᾰ́νθηρ (canonical)
pánthēr (romanization)
πᾰ́νθηρος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́νθηρ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́νθηρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́νθηρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰνθήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́νθηρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́νθηρσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́νθηρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pánthērsi (dative plural)
toîs pánthērsin (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́νθηρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́νθηρᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́νθηρ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́νθηρε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́νθηρες (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܦܢܬܘܪ (pntwr /pantōr/), ܦܢܬܝܪ (pntyr /pantīr/), ܦܢܛܝܪ (pnṭyr /panṭīr/)

→ Latin: panther, panthera

→ Old Armenian: պանթեր (pantʻer)

→ Old Church Slavonic: панъѳиръ (panŭθirŭ)

→ Old East Slavic: панъфиръ (panŭfirŭ)

Old Ruthenian: пантеръ (panter)

→ Old Georgian: პანფილი (ṗanpili)

Of foreign origin, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Hittite 𒊊𒌉𒀸 (parsnaš, “leopard”). See also πάρδαλις (párdalis). A common folk etymology derives it from πᾰν- (pan-, “all”) + θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) or θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”).


βοῦς

grc-noun

βοῦς • (boûs) m or f (genitive βοός); third declension

boûs (romanization)
βοός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ βοῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ βόε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ βόες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς βοός (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βοῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ βοΐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βοοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς βουσί (dative plural)
βουσίν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs bousí (dative plural)
taîs bousín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν βοῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ βόε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς βοῦς (accusative plural)
βοῦ (singular vocative)
βόε (dual vocative)
βόες (plural vocative)
βοῦς (nominative singular)
βόε (dual nominative)
βόες (nominative plural)
βοός (genitive singular)
βοοῖν (dual genitive)
βοῶν (genitive plural)
βοΐ (dative singular)
βοοῖν (dative dual)
βουσί (dative plural)
βουσίν (dative plural)
βόεσσι (dative plural)
βόεσσιν (dative plural)
bousí (dative plural)
bousín (dative plural)
bóessi (dative plural)
bóessin (dative plural)
βοῦν (accusative singular)
βῶν (accusative singular)
βόε (accusative dual)
βόας (accusative plural)
βοῦς (accusative plural)
βοῦ (singular vocative)
βόε (dual vocative)
βόες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βουσί(ν), βόεσσι(ν)

Greek: βόδι (vódi), βόιδι (vóidi)

Tsakonian: βου (vou)

Latin: butyrum

desc

English: butter, bucolic, hecatomb, boustrophedon, bulimia nervosa

Translingual: Bucephala

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷous (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀃 (qo-o)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Cognates include Old English cū (English cow), Irish bó, Latin bōs, and Sanskrit गो (gó).

οἶδ’ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ’ ἐπ’ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν
ἀζαλέην, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν·
oîd’ epì dexiá, oîd’ ep’ aristerà nōmêsai bôn

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.238–239

I know on the right, and I know on the left how to wield my dried
shield, which to me seems sturdy in fighting:

azaléēn, tó moi ésti talaúrinon polemízein;


ἀκαλήφη

grc-noun

ἀκᾰλήφη • (akalḗphē) f (genitive ἀκᾰλήφης); first declension

ἀκᾰλήφη (canonical)
akalḗphē (romanization)
ἀκᾰλήφης (genitive)
ἡ ἀκαλήφη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκαλήφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκαλῆφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκαλήφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκαλήφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκαληφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκαλήφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκαλήφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκαλήφαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκαλήφην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκαλήφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκαλήφᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκαλήφη (singular vocative)
ἀκαλήφᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκαλῆφαι (plural vocative)

Unknown. The variation "υ/η" could point to a Pre-Greek word, although there are no clear parallels to it.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica#Translingual


ἀλκυών

ἀλκυών • (alkuṓn) f (genitive ἀλκυόνος); third declension

alkuṓn (romanization)
ἀλκυόνος (genitive)
ἡ ἀλκῠών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλκῠόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀλκῠόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀλκῠόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλκῠόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλκῠόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀλκῠόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλκῠόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀλκῠόσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλκῠόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs alkuósi (dative plural)
taîs alkuósin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀλκῠόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλκῠόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀλκῠόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλκῠών (singular vocative)
ἀλκῠόνε (dual vocative)
ἀλκῠόνες (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܠܩܐܘܢ (/ʾlqʾwn/)

→ Latin: alcēdō, halcyōn (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Armenian: աղկիոն (ałkion), աղկիովն (ałkiovn)

→ Old Georgian: ალკჳონი (alḳwioni)

Georgian: ალკუნი (alḳuni)

→ Old East Slavic: алкионъ (alkionŭ)

Unknown, apparently from Pre-Greek. Already in Ancient Greek, this non-Indoeuropean origin produced a folk etymology and the corresponding alternative spelling ἁλκυών (halkuṓn) based on the imagined derivation from ἅλς (háls, “salt”) + κυέω (kuéō, “I conceive”).

ἀλκυών· (...) καὶ δαίμων τις <παρὰ Λάκωσι>

5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Α:

alkuṓn; (...) kaì daímōn tis <παρὰ Λάκωσι>


καμηλοπάρδαλις

grc-noun

κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς • (kamēlopárdalis) f (genitive κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως); third declension

κᾰμηλοπάρδᾰλῐς (canonical)
kamēlopárdalis (romanization)
κᾰμηλοπαρδάλεως (genitive)
ἡ καμηλοπάρδαλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ καμηλοπαρδάλει (dual nominative)
αἱ καμηλοπαρδάλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς καμηλοπαρδάλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν καμηλοπαρδαλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καμηλοπαρδάλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ καμηλοπαρδάλει (dative singular)
τοῖν καμηλοπαρδαλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς καμηλοπαρδάλεσῐ (dative plural)
καμηλοπαρδάλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kamēlopardálesi (dative plural)
taîs kamēlopardálesin (dative plural)
τὴν καμηλοπάρδαλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ καμηλοπαρδάλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς καμηλοπαρδάλεις (accusative plural)
καμηλοπάρδαλῐ (singular vocative)
καμηλοπαρδάλει (dual vocative)
καμηλοπαρδάλεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

καμηλοπάρδαλῐς

desc

καμηλοπάρδαλη

Greek: καμηλοπάρδαλη (kamilopárdali)

desctree

→ Latin: camēlopardalis
Italian: camelopardo
French: chameaupard
→ Dutch: kameelpaard
→ Afrikaans: kameelperd
→ English: camelopard
→ Swedish: kamelopard

desc

→ Old Georgian: აქლემ-ვეფხი (aklem-vepxi) (partial calque)

From κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”) + πάρδαλις (párdalis, “leopard”); from the fact that a giraffe has a long neck like a camel and is spotted like a leopard.


πάρδαλις

grc-noun

πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς • (párdalis) f (genitive πᾰρδᾰ́λεως); third declension

πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς (canonical)
párdalis (romanization)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεως (genitive)
ἡ πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dual nominative)
αἱ πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πᾰρδᾰ́λεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρδᾰλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρδᾰ́λεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρδᾰλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πᾰρδᾰ́λεσῐ (dative plural)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pardálesi (dative plural)
taîs pardálesin (dative plural)
τὴν πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰρδᾰ́λει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ρδᾰλῐ (singular vocative)
πᾰρδᾰ́λει (dual vocative)
πᾰρδᾰ́λεις (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲣⲇⲁⲗⲓⲥ (pardalis)

→ Hebrew: ברדלס

→ Latin: pardalis

⇒ Greek: παρδαλός (pardalós)

Borrowed from a foreign eastern language. Compare various Indo-Iranian terms like Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Bactrian πορλαγγο-ζινο (porlaggo-zino), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛ́dāku). See also πάνθηρ (pánthēr).

cog

πορλαγγοζινο

πορλαγγο-ζινο


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
númphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
númphain (dual genitive)
númphaiin (dual genitive)
númphēiin (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
númphain (dative dual)
númphaiin (dative dual)
númphēiin (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
númphēisi (dative plural)
númphēisin (dative plural)
númphēis (dative plural)
númphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 11.28

(Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank

goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water

(anatomy) hollow between the lower lip and the chin

(zootomy) depression on the shoulder of a horse

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Of the Uses of the Different Parts of the Human Body 15.3

(anatomy) clitoris, also the labia minora


βδέλλα

grc-noun

βδέλλᾰ • (bdélla) f (genitive βδέλλης); first declension

βδέλλᾰ (canonical)
bdélla (romanization)
βδέλλης (genitive)
ἡ βδέλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βδέλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βδέλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βδέλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βδέλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βδελλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βδέλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βδέλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βδέλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν βδέλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βδέλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βδέλλᾱς (accusative plural)
βδέλλᾰ (singular vocative)
βδέλλᾱ (dual vocative)
βδέλλαι (plural vocative)

Albanian: abdhellë

English: bdellatomy

French: bdellomètre

Greek: βδέλλα (vdélla)

From βδάλλω (bdállō, “I milk”, (in the middle voice, of a cow) “I yield to milking”; “I suck”), from Pre-Greek.


πελαργός

πελᾱργός • (pelārgós) m (genitive πελᾱργοῦ); second declension

πελᾱργός (canonical)
pelārgós (romanization)
πελᾱργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πελᾱργός (nominative singular)
τὼ πελᾱργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πελᾱργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πελᾱργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελᾱργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελᾱργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πελᾱργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελᾱργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πελᾱργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πελᾱργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πελᾱργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πελᾱργούς (accusative plural)
πελᾱργέ (singular vocative)
πελᾱργώ (dual vocative)
πελᾱργοί (plural vocative)

Greek: πελαργός (pelargós)

→ Arabic: بِلَّارِج (billārij) (Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܝܠܪܓܐ (pīlargā)

The origin is Pre-Greek. Folk-etymologically explained as πελλός (pellós, “dark”) + ἀργός (argós, “white”). Has been linked with Old Armenian արագիլ (aragil).
Witczak (1991) suggests that the word is a compound, with second term continuing otherwise unattested *ἁργός (*hargós), from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥ǵos (“stork”), akin e.g. to Proto-Germanic *sturkaz (“stork”).


γάδος

grc-noun

γάδος • (gádos) m (genitive γάδου); second declension

gádos (romanization)
γάδου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰ́δοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰ́δον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰ́δους (accusative plural)
γᾰ́δε (singular vocative)
γᾰ́δω (dual vocative)
γᾰ́δοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γάδος (gádos)

→ Translingual: Gadus

Furnée compares the word with γάζας (gázas, “kind of fish”), assuming a Pre-Greek origin.


λύγξ

λύγξ • (lúnx) f (genitive λυγγός); third declension

lúnx (romanization)
λυγγός (genitive)
ἡ λύγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λύγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ λύγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς λυγγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν λυγγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν λυγγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λυγγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν λυγγοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς λυγξῐ́ (dative plural)
λυγξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs lunxí (dative plural)
taîs lunxín (dative plural)
τὴν λῦγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λύγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λύγγᾰς (accusative plural)
λύγξ (singular vocative)
λύγγε (dual vocative)
λύγγες (plural vocative)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, shatter”). Related to Latin lugeō (“to mourn, grieve”), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”).


ἐλέφας

grc-noun

ἐλέφᾱς • (eléphās) m or f (genitive ἐλέφαντος); third declension

ἐλέφᾱς (canonical)
eléphās (romanization)
ἐλέφαντος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἐλέφᾱς (nominative singular)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἐλέφᾰντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐλέφᾰντος (genitive singular)
ἐλεφᾰ́ντου (genitive singular)
τῶν ἐλεφᾰ́ντων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐλέφᾰντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐλέφᾱσῐ (dative plural)
ἐλέφᾱσῐν (dative plural)
ἐλεφᾰ́ντοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἐλέφᾰντᾰ (accusative singular)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλέφᾰντᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐλέφᾰν (singular vocative)
ἐλέφᾰντες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐλέφᾰντος, ἐλεφᾰ́ντου

ἐλέφᾱσῐ / ἐλέφᾱσῐν, ἐλεφᾰ́ντοις

desc

Greek: ελέφας (eléfas), ελέφαντας (eléfantas)

desctree

е҆лефа́нтесъ

→ Old Church Slavonic: е҆лефа́нтъ, е҆лефа́нтесъ
→ Old Ruthenian: елефа́нтъ (elefánt)
→ Russian: элефа́нт (elefánt) (archaic)

→ Latin: elephās (see there for further descendants)

Probably borrowed from Egyptian ꜣbw Ab-b-w-E26 (reconstructed as earlier /'lu:bu ~ 'lu:baw/, later /ˈʔeːbə/). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀩𐀞 (e-re-pa /elephās/); compare also Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒉺𒀸 (laḫpaš, “ivory”), Proto-Berber *eḷu, and Sanskrit इभ (íbha).


ὗς

grc-noun

ὗς • (hûs) m or f (genitive ὑός); third declension

hûs (romanization)
ὑός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ὗς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὕε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ὕες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ὑός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ὑΐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ὑσί (dative plural)
ὑσίν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs husí (dative plural)
taîs husín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ὗν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὕε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ὗς (accusative plural)
ὗ (singular vocative)
ὕε (dual vocative)
ὕες (plural vocative)
ὗς (nominative singular)
ὕε (dual nominative)
ὕες (nominative plural)
ὑός (genitive singular)
ὑοῖν (dual genitive)
ὑῶν (genitive plural)
ὑΐ (dative singular)
ὑοῖν (dative dual)
ὑσί (dative plural)
ὑσίν (dative plural)
ῠ̔́εσσι (dative plural)
husí (dative plural)
husín (dative plural)
húessi (dative plural)
ὗν (accusative singular)
ὕε (accusative dual)
ὗς (accusative plural)
ὗ (singular vocative)
ὕε (dual vocative)
ὕες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὑσί(ν), ῠ̔́εσσι

Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *hūs, from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“swine”). Compare Latin sūs, English swine, sow.


τίγρις

grc-noun

τῐ́γρῐς • (tígris) f (genitive τῐ́γρεως); third declension

τῐ́γρῐς (canonical)
tígris (romanization)
τῐ́γρεως (genitive)
ἡ τῐ́γρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τῐ́γρει (dual nominative)
αἱ τῐ́γρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τῐ́γρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τῐγρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τῐ́γρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τῐ́γρει (dative singular)
τοῖν τῐγρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τῐ́γρεσῐ (dative plural)
τῐ́γρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs tígresi (dative plural)
taîs tígresin (dative plural)
τὴν τῐ́γρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τῐ́γρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τῐ́γρεις (accusative plural)
τῐ́γρῐ (singular vocative)
τῐ́γρει (dual vocative)
τῐ́γρεις (plural vocative)

Aramaic: טיגריס

Classical Syriac: ܛܝܓܪܝܣ

Greek: τίγρη (tígri)

Hebrew: טיגריס

→ Latin: tigris

→ English: tiger

→ French: tigre

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تكیر (tekir)
Turkish: tekir
→ Armenian: թէքիր (tʻēkʻir)

Russian: тигр (tigr)

From an Indo-Iranian language. Some suppose a relation to Avestan 𐬝𐬌𐬔𐬭𐬌 (t̰igri, “arrow”), Old Persian 𐎫𐎥𐎼 (t-g-r, “pointed, sharp”). According to Watkins, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to point, stick”).


σῦς

grc-noun

σῦς • (sûs) m or f (genitive σῠός); third declension

sûs (romanization)
σῠός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ σῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ σῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς σῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ σῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῠοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς σῡσῐ́ (dative plural)
σῡσῐ́ν (dative plural)
σῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
σῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs sūsí (dative plural)
taîs sūsín (dative plural)
susí (dative plural)
susín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν σῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς σῦς (accusative plural)
σῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
σῦ (singular vocative)
σῠ́ε (dual vocative)
σῠ́ες (plural vocative)
σῦς (nominative singular)
σῠ́ε (dual nominative)
σῠ́ες (nominative plural)
σῠός (genitive singular)
σῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
σῠῶν (genitive plural)
σῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
σῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
σῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
σῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
súessi (dative plural)
súessin (dative plural)
σῦν (accusative singular)
σῠ́ε (accusative dual)
σῦς (accusative plural)
σῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
σῦ (singular vocative)
σῠ́ε (dual vocative)
σῠ́ες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *súHs (“swine”); doublet of ὗς (hûs). The reason for the survival of initial /s/ in this form is unknown.


ἔλαφος

ἔλᾰφος • (élaphos) m or f (genitive ἐλᾰ́φου); second declension

ἔλᾰφος (canonical)
élaphos (romanization)
ἐλᾰ́φου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἔλᾰφος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἔλᾰφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐλᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐλᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐλᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἔλᾰφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
ἔλᾰφε (singular vocative)
ἐλᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
ἔλᾰφοι (plural vocative)
ἔλᾰφος (nominative singular)
ἐλᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
ἔλᾰφοι (nominative plural)
ἐλᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
ἐλᾰφοῖο (genitive singular)
ἐλᾰ́φοιο (genitive singular)
ἐλᾰφόο (genitive singular)
ἐλᾰ́φοο (genitive singular)
ἐλᾰ́φοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἐλᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
ἐλᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
ἐλᾰ́φοιῐν (dative dual)
ἐλᾰ́φοισῐ (dative plural)
ἐλᾰ́φοισῐν (dative plural)
ἐλᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
eláphoisi (dative plural)
eláphoisin (dative plural)
eláphois (dative plural)
ἔλᾰφον (accusative singular)
ἐλᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
ἐλᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
ἔλᾰφε (singular vocative)
ἐλᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
ἔλᾰφοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ελάφι n (eláfi)

→ Latin: elaphus m (“deer”)

→ Translingual: Elaphus

From Proto-Hellenic *éləpʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éln̥bʰos, from *h₁el- (“deer”). Compare ἐλλός (ellós, “young deer”), Lithuanian élnias (“deer, stag, hart”), Russian оле́нь (olénʹ, “deer”), Russian лось (losʹ, “elk”), Old Armenian եղն (ełn, “hind”).

ὃν τρόπον ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ἔλαφος ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων οὕτως ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς σέ ὁ θεός.

As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. (KJV)

hòn trópon epipotheî hē élaphos epì tàs pēgàs tôn hudátōn hoútōs epipotheî hē psukhḗ mou pròs sé ho theós.

Cervus elaphus
Cervus elaphus#Translingual


ἀλώπηξ

ᾰ̓λώπηξ • (alṓpēx) f (genitive ᾰ̓λώπεκος); third declension

ᾰ̓λώπηξ (canonical)
alṓpēx (romanization)
ᾰ̓λώπεκος (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓λώπηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λώπεκε (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓λώπεκες (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓λώπεκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λωπέκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λωπέκων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓λώπεκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λωπέκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓λώπεξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓λώπεξῐν (dative plural)
taîs alṓpexi (dative plural)
taîs alṓpexin (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓λώπεκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λώπεκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λώπεκᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λώπηξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λώπεκε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λώπεκες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: > αλεπού (alepoú) (inherited), → ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), αλώπηξ (alópix) (learned)

> Pontic Greek: αλεπός (alepós) (inherited)

→ Samoan: ālope (learned)

→ Tokelauan: ālope (learned)

→ Translingual: Alopex (learned)

Presumably from earlier Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos, *alṓpāks. Some linguists have attempted derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lōpeh₂s (stem *h₂lop-); compare Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs), Lithuanian lãpė, Latvian lapsa and Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśá). The many irregular variations on the word may suggest a Mediterranean wanderword instead; compare Luwian [script needed] (ulipna-)/[script needed] (walipna-, “wolf”) and Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

1st century C.E., Gospel of Matthew 8, 20b and Gospel of Luke 9, 58b (Q).
Αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις, ὁ δὲ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ.
Hai alṓpekes phōleoùs ékhousin kaì tà peteinà toû ouranoû kataskēnṓseis, ho dè huiòs toû anthrṓpou ouk ékhei poû tḕn kephalḕn klínēi.

The foxes have holes and the birds of the sky have roosts, but the Son of Man has nothing where he may lay his head.


βάτραχος

grc-noun

βᾰ́τρᾰχος • (bátrakhos) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰ́χου); second declension

βᾰ́τρᾰχος (canonical)
bátrakhos (romanization)
βᾰτρᾰ́χου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰ́τρᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰ́τρᾰχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰτρᾰ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτρᾰ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰτρᾰ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰτρᾰ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰ́τρᾰχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰτρᾰ́χους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́τρᾰχε (singular vocative)
βᾰτρᾰ́χω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́τρᾰχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βάτραχος (vátrachos)

Translingual: Batrachus, Batrachia

→ English: batrachotoxin

Seemingly imitative of croaking, but this imitation has probably taken place not in Greek, but that Greek has borrowed from Pre-Greek or Semitic; compare Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ), Arabic ضَفْدَع (ḍafdaʕ), considering that in the dialect of Zakynthos the frog is matching the Semitic with σπορδακάς (spordakás) – unless of course one must find that Semitic and Greek have borrowed from an unknown third.
Concerning the wide range of dialectal variation, Beekes explains that much may be due to folk etymology or taboo, combined with other phonetic alterations such as vowel displacement and even prenasalization, which indicate substrate origin: “A priori, a local (i.e. Pre-Greek) form is to be expected for all of these forms; the variation α/ο points to this.” The suffix *-χ- (*-kh-) is also found in names of other animals.
An older hypothesis (cf. Pokorny 1959) links Proto-West Germanic *krodu and Latin bruscus (“frog or toad”), all from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ- (“frog, toad”), supposing metathesis (cf. Ionic βρόταχος (brótakhos)) and an original *dʰ whence perhaps the /tʰ/ of the Ionic variant βάθρακος (báthrakos), but this is phonetically very difficult. Moreover, as Beekes explains, the form with /t/ is original, whereas Ionic frequently displaces aspiration in this way.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Hebrew צְפַרְדֵּעַ (ṣəp̄ardḗaʿ)

der

Lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius#Translingual


κεραία

grc-noun

κεραίᾱ • (keraíā) f (genitive κεραίᾱς); first declension

κεραίᾱ (canonical)
keraíā (romanization)
κεραίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κεραίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κεραίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεραῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κεραίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεραίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεραιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεραίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεραίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεραίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κεραίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεραίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεραίᾱς (accusative plural)
κεραίᾱ (singular vocative)
κεραίᾱ (dual vocative)
κεραῖαι (plural vocative)

From κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
(nautical) yardarm

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
yardarm

anything projecting like a horn, hence:
projecting parts of the huckle bone

(anatomy) supposed teat-like projections inside the womb


καταρράκτης

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης • (katarrhā́ktēs) m (genitive κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου); first declension

κᾰταρρᾱ́κτης (canonical)
katarrhā́ktēs (romanization)
κᾰταρρᾱ́κτου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰτᾰρρᾶκται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰρρᾱκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κταις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰρρᾶκτᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́κτᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰρρᾶκται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κᾰτᾰρράˉκτης

Greek: καταρράκτης (katarráktis)

→ Aramaic: אגטרגטא (agṭragṭā)

desc

→ Coptic: ⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ (katahraktēs), ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ (kataraktēs) — Bohairic

→ Latin: cataracta (see there for further descendants)

From καταρρᾱ́σσω (katarrhā́ssō) + -της (-tēs), the former from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to strike, dash”).

af

a kind of seabird, perhaps a gull or osprey


ἄκμων

grc-noun

ἄκμων • (ákmōn) m (genitive ἄκμονος); third declension

ákmōn (romanization)
ἄκμονος (genitive)
ὁ ἄκμων (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄκμονε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄκμονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄκμονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκμόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκμόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄκμονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκμόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄκμοσῐ (dative plural)
ἄκμοσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ákmosi (dative plural)
toîs ákmosin (dative plural)
τὸν ἄκμονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄκμονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄκμονᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄκμον (singular vocative)
ἄκμονε (dual vocative)
ἄκμονες (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ αμόνι (amóni)

Greek: άκμων (ákmon), άκμονας (ákmonas), ⇒ αμόνι (amóni) (from the diminutive)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman), Avestan 𐬀𐬐𐬨𐬀𐬥 (akman), Lithuanian akmuo, and English hammer.


γαλεός

grc-noun

γᾰλεός • (galeós) m (genitive γᾰλεοῦ); second declension

γᾰλεός (canonical)
galeós (romanization)
γᾰλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλεούς (accusative plural)
γᾰλεέ (singular vocative)
γᾰλεώ (dual vocative)
γᾰλεοί (plural vocative)

Possibly named after the weasel, γαλέη (galéē).


σέλαχος

σέλᾰχος • (sélakhos) n (genitive σελᾰ́χους); third declension

σέλᾰχος (canonical)
sélakhos (romanization)
σελᾰ́χους (genitive)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελᾰ́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελᾰχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σελᾰ́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελᾰ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
σελᾰ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs selákhesi (dative plural)
toîs selákhesin (dative plural)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (accusative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (accusative plural)
σέλᾰχος (singular vocative)
σελᾰ́χει (dual vocative)
σελᾰ́χη (plural vocative)

The formation resembles στέλεχος (stélekhos), τάριχος (tárikhos) and τέμαχος (témakhos). Connected with σέλας (sélas, “light, glow, beam”) already by Galen, because of the phosphorescent light of certain cartilaginous fishes; yet the suffix "-αχ-" may point to a Pre-Greek origin. The old connection with Proto-Germanic *selhaz (“seal”) is untenable.


ὕδρος

ῠ̔́δρος • (húdros) m (genitive ῠ̔́δρου); second declension

ῠ̔́δρος (canonical)
húdros (romanization)
ῠ̔́δρου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́δρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́δροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́δρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́δρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́δρους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δρε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δρω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá).

A smaller water animal, such as a spider, fish, or lizard.


ἐχῖνος

ἐχῖνος • (ekhînos) m (genitive ἐχῑ́νου); second declension

ekhînos (romanization)
ἐχῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἐχῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐχῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐχῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐχῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐχῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐχῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐχῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ἐχῖνε (singular vocative)
ἐχῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἐχῖνοι (plural vocative)

→ English: echino-

desc

Greek: εχίνος (echínos), αχινός (achinós)

→ Latin: echīnus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Hellenic *hekʰinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis (“hedgehog, hedgehog-like animals”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀑𐀜 (e-ki-no), Old Armenian ոզնի (ozni), Proto-Germanic *igilaz, Albanian esh.

inh

The shell of certain nuts, such as the chestnut

The third stomach of ruminants (the omasum)


μῦς

grc-noun

μῦς • (mûs) m (genitive μῠός); third declension

mûs (romanization)
μῠός (genitive)
ὁ μῦς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῡσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῡσῐ́ν (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
μῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs mūsí (dative plural)
toîs mūsín (dative plural)
musí (dative plural)
musín (dative plural)
τὸν μῦν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῦς (accusative plural)
μῦ (singular vocative)
μῠ́ε (dual vocative)
μῠ́ες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῡσῐ́(ν)/μῠσῐ́(ν)

Greek: μυς (mys)

From Proto-Hellenic *mū́s, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Cognates include Latin mūs, Sanskrit मूष् (mū́ṣ), Old Armenian մուկն (mukn) and Old English mūs (English mouse).


κόρυδος

grc-noun

κόρῠδος • (kórudos) m (genitive κορῠ́δου); second declension

κόρῠδος (canonical)
kórudos (romanization)
κορῠ́δου (genitive)
ὁ κόρῠδος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρῠδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορῠ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῠ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορῠ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῠ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορῠ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρῠδον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῠ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορῠ́δους (accusative plural)
κόρῠδε (singular vocative)
κορῠ́δω (dual vocative)
κόρῠδοι (plural vocative)

The connection with κόρῠς (kórus, “helmet”) may be correct, but only as a variant of the same Pre-Greek word.

Galerida cristata
Galerida cristata#Translingual


ἑρπετόν

ἑρπετόν • (herpetón) n (genitive ἑρπετοῦ); second declension

herpetón (romanization)
ἑρπετοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑρπετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑρπετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑρπετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑρπετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἑρπετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑρπετώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἑρπετᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἑρπετόν (singular vocative)
ἑρπετώ (dual vocative)
ἑρπετᾰ́ (plural vocative)

English: herpet-

Greek: ερπετό (erpetó)

Substantivized verbal adjective of ἕρπω (hérpō). Compare Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake, serpent”), Latin serpēns.

creeping animal, reptile, especially a snake


κιθάρα

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ • (kithárā) f (genitive κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (canonical)
kithárā (romanization)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐθᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐθᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐθᾰ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐθᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐθᾰ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cithara (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Aramaic: קיתרא (qīṯārā), ܩܝܬܪܐ (qīṯārā)
→ Arabic: قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ)
→ Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: китара (kitára)

According to Beekes, acquired from Pre-Greek. Said Pre-Greek term may be ultimately derived from or at least related to Proto-Hurro-Urartian *kinnar (“lyre, harp”).


λύρα

grc-noun

λῠ́ρᾱ • (lúrā) f (genitive λῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

λῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
lúrā (romanization)
λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
λῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
λῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
λῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ English: lyre

Greek: λύρα (lýra)

→ Latin: lyra (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: līra

→ German: Leier

A Mediterranean Pre-Greek substrate technical loan. Indo-European etymologies should be rejected.


πέρδιξ

πέρδῑξ • (pérdīx) m or f (genitive πέρδῑκος); third declension

πέρδῑξ (canonical)
pérdīx (romanization)
πέρδῑκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πέρδῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρδῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πέρδῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πέρδῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν περδῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περδῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πέρδῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν περδῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πέρδῑξῐ (dative plural)
πέρδῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs pérdīxi (dative plural)
taîs pérdīxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πέρδῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρδῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πέρδῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
πέρδῑξ (singular vocative)
πέρδῑκε (dual vocative)
πέρδῑκες (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: πέρδικα (pérdika)
→ Aromanian: pirdic

→ Latin: perdīx (see there for further descendants)

Traditionally explained (such as by Frisk) as a derivative from πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “I fart”), due to the droning sound when partridges take wing. However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, as he considers the suffix -ῑκ- (-īk-) to be of substrate origin.


κάραβος

grc-noun

κᾱ́ρᾰβος • (kā́rabos) m (genitive κᾱρᾰ́βου); second declension

κᾱ́ρᾰβος (canonical)
kā́rabos (romanization)
κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ κᾱ́ρᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾱρᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾱρᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾱρᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾱρᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾱρᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾱ́ρᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾱρᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾱρᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
κᾱ́ρᾰβε (singular vocative)
κᾱρᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
κᾱ́ρᾰβοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: կարապոս (karapos)

Origin unclear; the irregular suffix and phonetics suggest a Pre-Greek, Ancient Macedonian, or Semitic loan. Also see Latin scarabaeus, carabus, Armenian քարբ (kʻarb); Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab) and قَارِب (qārib), likely from the same substrate source.

a kind of beetle, probably a longhorn beetle


κίγκλος

κίγκλος • (kínklos) m (genitive κίγκλου); second declension

kínklos (romanization)
κίγκλου (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́γκλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́γκλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́γκλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́γκλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́γκλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́γκλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́γκλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́γκλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́γκλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́γκλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́γκλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐ́γκλους (accusative plural)
κῐ́γκλε (singular vocative)
κῐ́γκλω (dual vocative)
κῐ́γκλοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Cinclus

The variations show that the word is Pre-Greek, thus not related to Sanskrit चञ्चल (cañcala, “nimble, shaking, flickering”).

cog

Cinclus cinclus
Cinclus cinclus#Translingual


πέλεια

grc-noun

πέλειᾰ • (péleia) f (genitive πελείᾱς); first declension

πέλειᾰ (canonical)
péleia (romanization)
πελείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πέλειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πελείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέλειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πελείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πελείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πελείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πελείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πελείαις (dative plural)
τὴν πέλειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πελείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πελείᾱς (accusative plural)
πέλειᾰ (singular vocative)
πελείᾱ (dual vocative)
πέλειαι (plural vocative)

From a hypothetical u-stem *πελύς (*pelús, “gray”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“gray”). Compare Latin palumbēs (“dove”).

a prophetic priestess of Dodona (usually in plural)


κόσσυφος

κόσσῠφος • (kóssuphos) m (genitive κοσσῠ́φου); second declension

κόσσῠφος (canonical)
kóssuphos (romanization)
κοσσῠ́φου (genitive)
ὁ κόσσῠφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοσσῠ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόσσῠφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοσσῠ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοσσῠ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοσσῠ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοσσῠ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοσσῠ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοσσῠ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόσσῠφον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοσσῠ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοσσῠ́φους (accusative plural)
κόσσῠφε (singular vocative)
κοσσῠ́φω (dual vocative)
κόσσῠφοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: κότσυφος m (kótsyfos, “blackbird”)

κοτσύφι n (kotsýfi, “blackbird”)

Κοσσυφοπέδιο n (Kossyfopédio, “Kosovo”)

Κοσσυφοπόλις n (Kossyfopólis, “Kosovo”)

Has been connected with Proto-Slavic *kosъ (“blackbird”) and with Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to strike, to blow”), but according to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


κίχλη

grc-noun

κῐ́χλη • (kíkhlē) f (genitive κῐ́χλης); first declension

κῐ́χλη (canonical)
kíkhlē (romanization)
κῐ́χλης (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́χλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐ́χλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐ́χλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐχλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐ́χλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐ́χλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́χλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐ́χλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐ́χλη (singular vocative)
κῐ́χλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐ́χλαι (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: Cichla (learned)

⇒ New Latin: Cichlidae

→ English: cichlid (learned)

→ French: cichlidé (learned)

→ Swedish: ciklid (learned)


περιστερά

περιστερᾱ́ • (peristerā́) f (genitive περιστερᾶς); first declension

περιστερᾱ́ (canonical)
peristerā́ (romanization)
περιστερᾶς (genitive)
ἡ περιστερᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ περιστερᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ περιστεραί (nominative plural)
τῆς περιστερᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν περιστεραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν περιστερῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περιστερᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν περιστεραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς περιστεραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν περιστερᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ περιστερᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περιστερᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
περιστερᾱ́ (singular vocative)
περιστερᾱ́ (dual vocative)
περιστεραί (plural vocative)

desc

English: peristeria, peristerion, peristerite, peristeronic, peristeropodous, philoperisteron

Pre-Greek. Or from Semitic origin perah Ishtar [?] ("a bird of goddess Ishtar").


ἀλεκτρυών

grc-noun

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών • (alektruṓn) m or f (genitive ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος); third declension

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (canonical)
alektruṓn (romanization)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs alektruósi (dative plural)
taîs alektruósin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠών (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓λεκτρῠόνος

From ᾰ̓λέκτωρ (aléktōr, “cock, rooster”) + -υών (-uṓn, an obscure suffix also appearing in ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)). The first element is the agentive noun of ᾰ̓λέξω (aléxō, “ward off”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-s-, an *s-derivative of *h₂lek- (“protect”). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀨𐀓𐀶𐀬𐀺 (a-ra-ku-tu-ru-wo /Alektruōn/).

affix

an obscure suffix also appearing in <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀλκυών</i> (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)


ἀετός

grc-noun

ᾱ̓ετός • (āetós) m (genitive ᾱ̓ετοῦ); second declension

ᾱ̓ετός (canonical)
āetós (romanization)
ᾱ̓ετοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾱ̓ετός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾱ̓ετώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾱ̓ετοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾱ̓ετοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾱ̓ετοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾱ̓ετῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾱ̓ετῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾱ̓ετοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾱ̓ετοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾱ̓ετόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾱ̓ετώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾱ̓ετούς (accusative plural)
ᾱ̓ετέ (singular vocative)
ᾱ̓ετώ (dual vocative)
ᾱ̓ετοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αϊτός m (aïtós) / αετός m (aetós, “eagle”), χαρταετός (chartaetós, “kite (toy)”)

desc

Translingual: Circaetus, Ictinaetus, Gypaetus, Haliaeetus (via ἁλιαίετος (haliaíetos, “osprey”)), Hieraaetus,

→ Samoan: aeto

→ Tokelauan: āeto

From Proto-Hellenic *ayyetós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewyetós, from *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognate with Sanskrit वि (ví), Latin avis, Old Armenian հաւ (haw).


χήν

grc-noun

χήν • (khḗn) m or f (genitive χηνός); third declension

khḗn (romanization)
χηνός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χήν (nominative singular)
τὼ χῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χηνός (genitive singular)
τοῖν χηνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χηνῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν χηνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χησῐ́ (dative plural)
χησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs khēsí (dative plural)
taîs khēsín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
χήν (singular vocative)
χῆνε (dual vocative)
χῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: χήνα (chína)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰā́n, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognates include Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá), Latin ānser, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Old English gōs (English goose), and Albanian gatë (“heron”).


ὄϊς

ὄϊς • (óïs) m or f (genitive ὄϊος); third declension

óïs (romanization)
ὄϊος (genitive)
ὄϊς (nominative singular)
ὄϊες (nominative plural)
ὄϊος (genitive singular)
ὀΐων (genitive plural)
ὀῑ̈́ (dative singular)
ὀΐεσσι (dative plural)
ὀΐεσσιν (dative plural)
ὄεσσῐ (dative plural)
ὄεσσῐν (dative plural)
oḯessi (dative plural)
oḯessin (dative plural)
óessi (dative plural)
óessin (dative plural)
ὄϊν (accusative singular)
ὄῑ̈ς (accusative plural)
ὄϊς (singular vocative)
ὄϊες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀΐεσσι(ν), ὄεσσῐ(ν)


οἶς

grc-noun

οἶς • (oîs) m or f (genitive οἰός); third declension

oîs (romanization)
οἰός (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ οἶς (nominative singular)
τὼ οἶε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ οἶες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς οἰός (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ οἰί (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς οἰσί (dative plural)
οἰσίν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs oisí (dative plural)
taîs oisín (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν οἶν (accusative singular)
τὼ οἶε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς οἶς (accusative plural)
οἶ (singular vocative)
οἶε (dual vocative)
οἶες (plural vocative)

Contracted form of ὄϊς (óïs), from Proto-Hellenic *ówis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Latin ovis, and Old English eowu (English ewe).


οὖθαρ

οὖθᾰρ • (oûthar) n (genitive οὔθᾰτος); third declension

οὖθᾰρ (canonical)
oûthar (romanization)
οὔθᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ οὖθᾰρ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὔθᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ οὔθᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὔθᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐθᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐθᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ οὔθᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐθᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὔθᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔθᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs oúthasi (dative plural)
toîs oúthasin (dative plural)
τὸ οὖθᾰρ (accusative singular)
τὼ οὔθᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ οὔθᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖθᾰρ (singular vocative)
οὔθᾰτε (dual vocative)
οὔθᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥. Cognates include Vedic Sanskrit ऊधर् (ū́dhar), Latin ūber, Old English ūder, and modern English udder.


ἔγχελυς

ἔγχελῠς • (énkhelus) f (genitive ἐγχέλῠος); third declension

ἔγχελῠς (canonical)
énkhelus (romanization)
ἐγχέλῠος (genitive)
ἡ ἔγχελῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγχέλῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγχέλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγχελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγχέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἐγχέλυι (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγχέλῠσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγχέλῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusi (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔγχελῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγχέλῡς (accusative plural)
ἐγχέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔγχελῠ (singular vocative)
ἐγχέλῠε (dual vocative)
ἐγχέλῠες (plural vocative)

q

from diminutive <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐγχέλειον</i> (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek

Greek: χέλι (chéli) (from diminutive ἐγχέλειον (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܢܩܗܠܝܣ, ܐܢܩܠܣܐ, ܐܢܩܠܝܣ

→ Arabic: أَنْقَلِيس (ʔanqalīs)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂engʷʰ- (“water-worm, eel”). Cognate with Latin anguilla (“eel”), Old High German angar (“mealworm, larva, grub”) (Modern German Engerling), Russian у́горь (úgorʹ), Lithuanian ungurỹs.
Influenced by ἔχις (ékhis, “snake”), in a same way Latin anguilla (“eel”) was influenced by anguis (“snake”), but unfortunately no Indo-European form can be reconstructed due to similar changes in other daughter languages, commonly attributed to a taboo. Cognate with Old Prussian angurgis and Albanian ngjalë. Compare Finnish ankerias (a Baltic loan).


ψύλλα

grc-noun

ψῠ́λλᾰ • (psúlla) f (genitive ψῠ́λλης); first declension

ψῠ́λλᾰ (canonical)
psúlla (romanization)
ψῠ́λλης (genitive)
ἡ ψῠ́λλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῠ́λλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψῠ́λλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψῠλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψῠ́λλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψῠ́λλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψῠ́λλαις (dative plural)
τὴν ψῠ́λλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψῠ́λλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψῠ́λλᾱς (accusative plural)
ψῠ́λλᾰ (singular vocative)
ψῠ́λλᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῠ́λλαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *plusy(e)h₂ (“flea”) by metathesis. Cognates include Latin pūlex, Sanskrit प्लुषि (plúṣi), Old Armenian լու (lu), Old English flēah, flēa (English flea), Albanian plesht.

τούτων δὲ οἱ μὲν Ψυλλοτοξόται ἐπὶ ψυλλῶν μεγάλων ἱππάζονται, ὅθεν καὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν ἔχουσιν.

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, True Story 1.13

The flea-archers ride on great fleas, which is also where they get their name from.

toútōn dè hoi mèn Psullotoxótai epì psullôn megálōn hippázontai, hóthen kaì tḕn prosēgorían ékhousin.


τετράων

τετράων • (tetráōn) m (genitive τετράωνος); third declension

tetráōn (romanization)
τετράωνος (genitive)
ὁ τετράων (nominative singular)
τὼ τετράωνε (dual nominative)
οἱ τετράωνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τετράωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τετραώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τετραώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τετράωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τετραώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τετράωσῐ (dative plural)
τετράωσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tetráōsi (dative plural)
toîs tetráōsin (dative plural)
τὸν τετράωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τετράωνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τετράωνᾰς (accusative plural)
τετράων (singular vocative)
τετράωνε (dual vocative)
τετράωνες (plural vocative)


στρουθός

στρουθός • (strouthós) m or f (genitive στρουθοῦ); second declension

strouthós (romanization)
στρουθοῦ (genitive)
ὁ στρουθός (nominative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (dual nominative)
οἱ στρουθοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρουθοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρουθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στρουθῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρουθοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν στρουθόν (accusative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς στρουθούς (accusative plural)
στρουθέ (singular vocative)
στρουθώ (dual vocative)
στρουθοί (plural vocative)

The etymology remains highly uncertain, but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

Passer domesticus
Passer domesticus#Translingual


στεῖρα

στεῖρα • (steîra) f (genitive στείρας); first declension

steîra (romanization)
στείρας (genitive)

forepart of a ship's keel, continued into the stem or cutwater


κόραξ

κόρᾰξ • (kórax) m (genitive κόρᾰκος); third declension

κόρᾰξ (canonical)
kórax (romanization)
κόρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ κόρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
κόρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kóraxi (dative plural)
toîs kóraxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
κόρᾰξ (singular vocative)
κόρᾰκε (dual vocative)
κόρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: κόρακας (kórakas)

Greek: κοράκι (koráki)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-. Cognates include Latin corvus, cornix. Also see κορώνη (korṓnē, “crow”).


χελιδών

χελῑδών • (khelīdṓn) f (genitive χελῑδόνος); third declension

χελῑδών (canonical)
khelīdṓn (romanization)
χελῑδόνος (genitive)
ἡ χελῑδών (nominative singular)
τὼ χελῑδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ χελῑδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς χελῑδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελῑδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελῑδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ χελῑδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χελῑδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χελῑδόσῐ (dative plural)
χελῑδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khelīdósi (dative plural)
taîs khelīdósin (dative plural)
τὴν χελῑδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χελῑδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χελῑδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
χελῑδοῖ (singular vocative)
χελῑδόνε (dual vocative)
χελῑδόνες (plural vocative)

Latin: chelīdōn

The irregular form and suffix -ιδ (-id) lead Beekes to suggest a Mediterranean Pre-Greek origin, as he doesn't find a connection to Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cry out”) (cognate with Middle High German glien (“to cry”), Old High German gellan (“to cry”)) convincing. Compare also Latin hirundō (“swallow (bird)”), which may be from the same substrate source.


γέρανος

grc-noun

γέρᾰνος • (géranos) m or f (genitive γερᾰ́νου); second declension

γέρᾰνος (canonical)
géranos (romanization)
γερᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ γέρᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ γέρᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς γερᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γερᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ γερᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς γερᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν γέρᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γερᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
γέρᾰνε (singular vocative)
γερᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
γέρᾰνοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂-. Cognates include Old Armenian կռունկ (kṙunk), Latin grūs, and Old English cran (English crane).


κριός

κρῑός • (krīós) m (genitive κρῑοῦ); second declension

κρῑός (canonical)
krīós (romanization)
κρῑοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κρῑός (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κρῑοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρῑοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κρῑῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρῑοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κρῑόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κρῑούς (accusative plural)
κρῑέ (singular vocative)
κρῑώ (dual vocative)
κρῑοί (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Traditionally connected with κέρας (kéras, “horn”). The chickpea meaning possibly relates to Latin cicer (“chickpea”), Old Armenian սիսեռն (siseṙn, “chickpea”). Beekes argues for an original meaning of “curved”, comparing Lithuanian kreivas, Old East Slavic кривъ (krivŭ).


βρῶμα

grc-noun

βρῶμᾰ • (brôma) n (genitive βρώμᾰτος); third declension

βρῶμᾰ (canonical)
brôma (romanization)
βρώμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρώμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρωμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ βρώμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρωμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρώμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
βρώμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasi (dative plural)
toîs brṓmasin (dative plural)
τὸ βρῶμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βρώμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρώμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
βρῶμᾰ (singular vocative)
βρώμᾰτε (dual vocative)
βρώμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Italian: bruma

→ Sicilian: bromu

→ Maltese: bram

→ Spanish: broma

From the root of βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “I eat”) + -μᾰ (-ma, object noun suffix).

affix

a shipworm (Teredo navalis) that bores into wooden piers, ships, etc.


ἀμνός

grc-noun

ἀμνός • (amnós) m (genitive ἀμνοῦ); second declension

amnós (romanization)
ἀμνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀμνός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀμνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀμνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀμνούς (accusative plural)
ἀμνέ (singular vocative)
ἀμνώ (dual vocative)
ἀμνοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αμνός (amnós)

From Proto-Hellenic *abnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós. Cognates include Latin agnus, Old Church Slavonic агнѧ, Old English ēanian (English yean), and Albanian enjë.


ἄλκη

ἄλκη • (álkē) f (genitive ἄλκης); first declension

álkē (romanization)
ἄλκης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́λκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́λκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́λκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́λκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓λκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́λκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́λκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́λκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́λκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́λκᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λκη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λκᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́λκαι (plural vocative)

Greek: άλκη (álki)

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *elhaz, *algiz (“elk”), whence also Latin alcēs.


χελώνη

χελώνη • (khelṓnē) f (genitive χελώνης); first declension

khelṓnē (romanization)
χελώνης (genitive)
ἡ χελώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χελῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς χελώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χελώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χελώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χελώναις (dative plural)
τὴν χελώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ χελώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χελώνᾱς (accusative plural)
χελώνη (singular vocative)
χελώνᾱ (dual vocative)
χελῶναι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: χελώνα f (chelóna, “tortoise, turtle”)

→ Spanish: quelonio

→ Translingual: Chelonia, Chelonia

→ English: chelonian

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰel(H)-ewH- (“tortoise, turtle-like animal”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *žely (“turtle, tortoise”); also related to χέλυς (khélus, “tortoise”).
However, Furnee and Chantraine consider the word a Pre-Greek borrowing based on the variant χέλυμνα (khélumna) (which yielded *χελυϝνα (*kheluwna) > χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē), χελύννα (khelúnna)) displaying μ/ϝ consonantal interchange, as well as the variant χελῡ́νη (khelū́nē) having -ῡ́ν- in its form, which is highly unusual if inherited from Proto-Indo-European.
Beekes favors the Pre-Greek derivation, and additionally separates the Slavic words etymologically, considering the Slavic to derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). There doesn't seem to be a good reason to separate the Slavic terms, however; even if not inherited, there is a possibility that the Greek and Slavic terms were borrowed from the same substrate source, in addition to the *ǵʰelh₃- theory being rejected by linguists such as Schmeja.
Another theory by Mastrelli, based on work by Frisk, derives the word from χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip, jaw”), taking the tortoise as a "sharp-jawed creature".


ἔριφος

grc-noun

ἔρῐφος • (ériphos) m or f (genitive ἐρῐ́φου); second declension

ἔρῐφος (canonical)
ériphos (romanization)
ἐρῐ́φου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἔρῐφος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἔρῐφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐρῐ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῐ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐρῐ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐρῐ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἔρῐφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐρῐ́φους (accusative plural)
ἔρῐφε (singular vocative)
ἐρῐ́φω (dual vocative)
ἔρῐφοι (plural vocative)

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-, with cognates including Latin ariēs, and Lithuanian ėriukas.


νῆττα

νῆττᾰ • (nêtta) f (genitive νήττης); first declension

νῆττᾰ (canonical)
nêtta (romanization)
νήττης (genitive)
ἡ νῆττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ νήττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῆτται (nominative plural)
τῆς νήττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νήτταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νήττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νήτταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νήτταις (dative plural)
τὴν νῆττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ νήττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νήττᾱς (accusative plural)
νῆττᾰ (singular vocative)
νήττᾱ (dual vocative)
νῆτται (plural vocative)

Translingual: Netta

From Proto-Hellenic *nāťťa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts.


οὐρά

οὐρᾱ́ • (ourā́) f (genitive οὐρᾶς); first declension

οὐρᾱ́ (canonical)
ourā́ (romanization)
οὐρᾶς (genitive)
ἡ οὐρᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ οὐραί (nominative plural)
τῆς οὐρᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐραῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οὐρᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐραῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς οὐραῖς (dative plural)
τὴν οὐρᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οὐρᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
οὐρᾱ́ (singular vocative)
οὐρᾱ́ (dual vocative)
οὐραί (plural vocative)

Greek: ουρά (ourá)

Latin: Ischnura

Translingual: Lagurus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“tail, butt”) (alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *h₃érsos (“backside, buttocks”)), and related to ὄρρος (órrhos, “butt, ass”); see there for more. The connection with οὐραχός (ourakhós, “urachus”), while semantically sound, is phonetically unclear, due to the latter's strange suffix -αχός (-akhós), which has led Beekes to consider a possible Pre-Greek origin for the words (though he still seems to favor Indo-European origin for οὐρά (ourá), at least).

der

(of an army marching) the rear-guard, rear


ῥόμος

grc-noun

ῥόμος • (rhómos) m (genitive ῥόμου); second declension

rhómos (romanization)
ῥόμου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόμους (accusative plural)
ῥόμε (singular vocative)
ῥόμω (dual vocative)
ῥόμοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis. Cognates include Latin vermis, Russian ве́рмие (vérmije), Albanian rrime, and Old English wyrm (English worm).


ἀρνός

ἀρνός • (arnós) m (genitive ἀρνοῦ); second declension

arnós (romanization)
ἀρνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀρνός (nominative singular)
οἱ ἀρνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρνοῦ (genitive singular)
τῶν ἀρνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖς ἀρνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀρνόν (accusative singular)
τοὺς ἀρνούς (accusative plural)
ἀρνέ (singular vocative)
ἀρνοί (plural vocative)

Aesop 274

Aesop 296.100b

E Gen α.1209

(Koine, Byzantine) Synonym of ἀρήν (arḗn)