φάγρος

grc-noun

φάγρος • (phágros) m (genitive φάγρου); second declension

phágros (romanization)
φάγρου (genitive)
ὁ φᾰ́γρος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰ́γροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰ́γρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
φᾰ́γρε (singular vocative)
φᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́γροι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: phager
Catalan: pagre
Galician: prago
Spanish: pargo
→ English: porgy

According to Beekes, the presence of the variants leads to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus#Translingual


σπίνος

grc-noun

σπῐ́νος • (spínos) m (genitive σπῐ́νου); second declension

σπῐ́νος (canonical)
spínos (romanization)
σπῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σπῐ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπῐ́νοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπῐ́νους (accusative plural)
σπῐ́νε (singular vocative)
σπῐ́νω (dual vocative)
σπῐ́νοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπίνος (spínos)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping- (“small bird, sparrow”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *finkiz (“finch”), Welsh pinc (“finch”) and Sanskrit फिङ्गक (phiṅgaka, “shrike”).

der

Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs#Translingual


πτέλας

head

πτέλας • (ptélas)

A possible cognate would be πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”), but this leaves much unexplained. The connection with Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig, swine”) and Sanskrit किरि (kiri, “boar, hog”) should also be rejected. The connection with πελιτνός (pelitnós) and πελιός (peliós) is arbitrary. The word may well be Pre-Greek, in view of the initial "πτ-".


μηλολόνθη

grc-noun

μηλολόνθη • (mēlolónthē) f (genitive μηλολόνθης); first declension

mēlolónthē (romanization)
μηλολόνθης (genitive)
ἡ μηλολόνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μηλολόνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μηλολόνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μηλολόνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηλολόνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηλολονθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μηλολόνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηλολόνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μηλολόνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μηλολόνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μηλολόνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μηλολόνθᾱς (accusative plural)
μηλολόνθη (singular vocative)
μηλολόνθᾱ (dual vocative)
μηλολόνθαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Melolontha

Possibly from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple, fruit”) + ὄλλυμι (óllumi, “destroy”). But rather from μῆλον (mêlon, “sheep”) + ὄλυνθος (ólunthos, “wild fig”).


χάραξ

grc-noun

χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension

khárax (romanization)
χάρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χᾰ́ρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χᾰ́ρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χᾰ́ρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χᾰ́ρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χᾰ́ρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kháraxi (dative plural)
taîs kháraxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξ (singular vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: χάρακας (chárakas)

→ Latin: characium

Catalan: carràs

Gascon: carràs

desctree

→? Vulgar Latin: *characulum
Catalan: carall
Old Galician-Portuguese: caralho
Fala: carallu
Galician: carallo
Portuguese: caralho
Spanish: carajo

Translingual: Charax

The formation is similar to κάμαξ (kámax, “vine pole, prop”) and πίναξ (pínax, “board, plank”), and the traditional connection with Lithuanian žer̃ti (“to scrape”) does not explain the Greek formation. In view of the suffix, the word is most probably Pre-Greek; see χαράσσω (kharássō, “to sharpen, engrave”) for more.

pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp


χρέμυς

grc-noun

χρέμῠς • (khrémus) m (genitive χρέμῠος); third declension

χρέμῠς (canonical)
khrémus (romanization)
χρέμῠος (genitive)
ὁ χρέμῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ χρέμῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρέμῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρεμῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρέμῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χρέμυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρέμῠσῐ (dative plural)
χρέμῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khrémusi (dative plural)
toîs khrémusin (dative plural)
τὸν χρέμῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρέμῡς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠ (singular vocative)
χρέμῠε (dual vocative)
χρέμῠες (plural vocative)

Furnée connects the word with κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and considers it of Pre-Greek origin.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ὀνίσκος (onískos, “cod”).


ἀσκάλαφος

ἀσκάλαφος • (askálaphos) m (genitive ἀσκαλάφου); second declension

askálaphos (romanization)
ἀσκαλάφου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκάλαφος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλάφω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκάλαφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλάφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλάφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλάφων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλάφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλάφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλάφοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκάλαφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλάφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλάφους (accusative plural)
ἀσκάλαφε (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλάφω (dual vocative)
ἀσκάλαφοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ascalaphus

The suffix -φος in animal names is well known. According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


ἴκτις

ἴκτῐς • (íktis) f (genitive ἴκτῐδος); third declension

ἴκτῐς (canonical)
íktis (romanization)
ἴκτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̓́κτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́κτῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̓́κτῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̓́κτῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓κτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓κτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̓́κτῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓κτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̓́κτῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓́κτῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs íktisi (dative plural)
taîs íktisin (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̓́κτῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́κτῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓́κτῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́κτῐς (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́κτῐδε (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́κτῐδες (plural vocative)

Compare Old Armenian աքիս (akʻis). Beekes gives no etymology.

unk

no etymology


ὀνίσκος

grc-noun

ὀνῐ́σκος • (onískos) m (genitive ὀνῐ́σκου); second declension

ὀνῐ́σκος (canonical)
onískos (romanization)
ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ ὀνῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀνῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀνῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀνῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
ὀνῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

Latin: oniscus

→ Translingual: Oniscus

From ὄνος (ónos, “donkey, ass”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos).


ψαλόν

Apparently near-synonymous with χαλινός (khalinós, “bridle”). From the same root as ψάλιον (psálion, “curb-chain”), ψέλιον (psélion, “anklet worn by the Persians”).

ψαλόν· εἶδος χαλινοῦ

5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Ψ:


ἐρῳδιός

grc-noun

ἐρῳδῐός • (erōidiós) m (genitive ἐρῳδῐοῦ); second declension

ἐρῳδῐός (canonical)
erōidiós (romanization)
ἐρῳδῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐρῳδῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῳδῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρῳδῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῳδῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῳδῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῳδῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῳδῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῳδῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρῳδῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῳδῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρῳδῐούς (accusative plural)
ἐρῳδῐέ (singular vocative)
ἐρῳδῐώ (dual vocative)
ἐρῳδῐοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ερωδιός (erodiós)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܗܪܘܕܐ (hrwdʾ), ܐܪܘܕܝܣ (ʾrwdys)

→ Old Armenian: արիովդ (ariovd)

→ Translingual: Erodium

The ending is similar to other bird names, like αἰγυπιός (aigupiós), αἰγωλιός (aigōliós) and χαραδριός (kharadriós). The resemblance with Latin ardea (“heron”) and Serbo-Croatian róda (“stork”) cannot be coincidental. According to Beekes, the word could be of Pre-Greek origin because of the variants.


σίλφη

grc-noun

σῐ́λφη • (sílphē) f (genitive σῐ́λφης); first declension

σῐ́λφη (canonical)
sílphē (romanization)
σῐ́λφης (genitive)
ἡ σῐ́λφη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́λφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐ́λφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐ́λφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́λφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐλφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐ́λφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́λφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐ́λφαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐ́λφην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́λφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐ́λφᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐ́λφη (singular vocative)
σῐ́λφᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐ́λφαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Silpha

The variant could be an artificial Atticism or show a Pre-Greek alternation σ-/τ-. The form semantically and formally resembles σέρφος (sérphos, “small winged insect”), while Furnée connects Latin delpa (“kind of insect”).

Blattella germanica
Blattella germanica#Translingual


κόρνοψ

κόρνοψ • (kórnops) m (genitive κόρνοπος); third declension

kórnops (romanization)
κόρνοπος (genitive)
ὁ κόρνοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρνοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρνοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρνοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορνόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορνόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρνοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορνόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόρνοψῐ (dative plural)
κόρνοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs kórnopsi (dative plural)
toîs kórnopsin (dative plural)
τὸν κόρνοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρνοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρνοπᾰς (accusative plural)
κόρνοψ (singular vocative)
κόρνοπε (dual vocative)
κόρνοπες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to δρύοψ (drúops), κώνωψ (kṓnōps) and σκάλοψ (skálops). The suffix is typical of Pre-Greek.


νηρίτης

νηρῑ́της • (nērī́tēs) m (genitive νηρῑ́του); first declension

νηρῑ́της (canonical)
nērī́tēs (romanization)
νηρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ νηρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ νηρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νηρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν νηρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νηρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
νηρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
νηρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: nārīta (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Nerita

The connection with νηρόν (nērón, “water”) is refuted by the forms with the vocalic anlaut “α-”. Furnée takes this initial variation as evidence for a Pre-Greek origin. Plevačová draws the term to Finnish nieriä (“saibling”) – which see for more relatives –, downplaying the semantic difference by noting that both are longish sea creatures caught in a fisher’s net and the contexts in which the Greek and Latin are attested may as well point to a fish.


πήληξ

πήληξ • (pḗlēx) f (genitive πήληκος); third declension

pḗlēx (romanization)
πήληκος (genitive)
ἡ πήληξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πήληκε (dual nominative)
αἱ πήληκες (nominative plural)
τῆς πήληκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηλήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηλήκων (genitive plural)
τῇ πήληκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηλήκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πήληξῐ (dative plural)
πήληξῐν (dative plural)
taîs pḗlēxi (dative plural)
taîs pḗlēxin (dative plural)
τὴν πήληκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πήληκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πήληκᾰς (accusative plural)
πήληξ (singular vocative)
πήληκε (dual vocative)
πήληκες (plural vocative)

The formation is like τράφηξ (tráphēx), ὄρπηξ (órpēx) and νάρθηξ (nárthēx). The suffix "-ηξ" often occurs in Pre-Greek words.


βρέντιον

βρέντῐον • (bréntion) n (genitive βρεντίου); second declension

βρέντῐον (canonical)
bréntion (romanization)
βρεντίου (genitive)
τὸ βρέντῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βρεντῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρέντῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρεντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρεντῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρεντῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρεντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρεντῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρεντῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βρέντῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρεντῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρέντῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βρέντῐον (singular vocative)
βρεντῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βρέντῐᾰ (plural vocative)

A Messapic word like βρένδος (bréndos, “deer”), possibly also found in place names like Βρεντέσιον (Brentésion, “Brindisi”). Further possible cognates are Latvian briedis (“deer”), Old Prussian braidis (“elk”), Elfdalian brinde (“elk”) and Albanian bri (“horn, antler”).


ἀσκάλαβος

ἀσκάλαβος • (askálabos) m (genitive ἀσκαλᾰ́βου); second declension

askálabos (romanization)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκάλᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκάλᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκάλᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
ἀσκάλᾰβε (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
ἀσκάλᾰβοι (plural vocative)

Clearly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the ending in “-βος” (often found in animal names) and the several variations. Less probable is a connection with σκάλοψ (skálops, “mole”).


τράγαινα

τράγαινᾰ • (trágaina) f (genitive τρᾰγαίνης); first declension

τράγαινᾰ (canonical)
trágaina (romanization)
τρᾰγαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰ́γαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰ́γαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰγαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰγαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰγαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰ́γαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰγαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γαινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γαιναι (plural vocative)

From τράγος (trágos, “goat”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).


σκάλοψ

σκᾰ́λοψ • (skálops) m (genitive σκᾰ́λοπος); third declension

σκᾰ́λοψ (canonical)
skálops (romanization)
σκᾰ́λοπος (genitive)
ὁ σκᾰ́λοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́λοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ σκᾰ́λοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́λοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́λοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́λοψῐ (dative plural)
σκᾰ́λοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs skálopsi (dative plural)
toîs skálopsin (dative plural)
τὸν σκᾰ́λοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́λοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκᾰ́λοπᾰς (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́λοψ (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́λοπε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́λοπες (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from σκάλλω (skállō, “to stir up, hoe”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix common to other animal names, such as δρύοψ (drúops), κόρνοψ (kórnops), κώνωψ (kṓnōps) and πάρνοψ (párnops).


νυκτικόραξ

νυκτῐκόρᾰκος

νυκτῐκόραξ • (nuktikórax) m (genitive νυκτῐκόρᾰκος); third declension

νυκτῐκόραξ (canonical)
nuktikórax (romanization)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ νυκτῐκόρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ νυκτῐκόρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ νυκτῐκόρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ νυκτῐκόρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νυκτῐκόρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
νυκτῐκόρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs nuktikóraxi (dative plural)
toîs nuktikóraxin (dative plural)
τὸν νυκτῐκόρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς νυκτῐκόρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
νυκτῐκόρᾰξ (singular vocative)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (dual vocative)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νυκτῐκόρᾰκος

→ Italian: nitticora

→ Translingual: Nycticorax

From νύξ (núx, “night”) + κόραξ (kórax, “crow”).


στρίξ

grc-noun

στρίξ • (stríx) f (genitive στρῐγός); third declension

stríx (romanization)
στρῐγός (genitive)
ἡ στρί̆ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στρῐ́γε (dual nominative)
αἱ στρῐ́γες (nominative plural)
τῆς στρῐγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρῐγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρῐγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στρῐγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρῐγοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στρῐξῐ́ (dative plural)
στρῐξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs strixí (dative plural)
taîs strixín (dative plural)
τὴν στρῐ́γᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στρῐ́γε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στρῐ́γᾰς (accusative plural)
στρί̆ξ (singular vocative)
στρῐ́γε (dual vocative)
στρῐ́γες (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: strix
⇒ Romanian: striga (“to call, shout”)
⇒ Sicilian: strìgula (“barn owl”)
→ English: strigine
→ Esperanto: strigo
→ Ido: strigo
→ Italian: strige
→ Portuguese: estrige
→ Spanish: estrige

Translingual: Strix

The formation is similar to γλαῦξ (glaûx) and λύγξ (lúnx). The Greek word is often assumed to be influenced by or derived from τρίζω (trízō, “to squeak”), but its facultative nasal may point to a Pre-Greek origin.


ἀχραδαμύλα

head

ἀχραδαμύλα • (akhradamúla)

According to Beekes, the variation οι/υ proves a Pre-Greek etymology, as well as the well-known Pre-Greek suffix "-μυλα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: κόχλιας (kókhlias, “snail with spiral shell”), as they say in Tarentum.


βουρδών

grc-noun

βουρδών • (bourdṓn) m (genitive βουρδῶνος); third declension

bourdṓn (romanization)
βουρδῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουρδών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουρδῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουρδῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουρδῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουρδώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουρδώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουρδῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουρδώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουρδῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουρδῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs bourdôsi (dative plural)
toîs bourdôsin (dative plural)
τὸν βουρδῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουρδῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουρδῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουρδών (singular vocative)
βουρδῶνε (dual vocative)
βουρδῶνες (plural vocative)


πάρνοψ

πάρνοψ • (párnops) m (genitive πάρνοπος); third declension

párnops (romanization)
πάρνοπος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ρνοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ρνοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́ρνοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ρνοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρνόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρνόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ρνοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρνόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́ρνοψῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́ρνοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs párnopsi (dative plural)
toîs párnopsin (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ρνοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ρνοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ρνοπᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ρνοψ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ρνοπε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́ρνοπες (plural vocative)


βάρβαξ

head

βάρβαξ • (bárbax)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: a Libyan hawk or falcon.


τευθίς

grc-noun

τευθῐ́ς • (teuthís) f (genitive τευθῐ́δος); third declension

τευθῐ́ς (canonical)
teuthís (romanization)
τευθῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ τευθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τευθῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τευθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τευθῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τευθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τευθῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
τευθῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs teuthísi (dative plural)
taîs teuthísin (dative plural)
τὴν τευθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τευθῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τευθῐ́ς (singular vocative)
τευθῐ́δε (dual vocative)
τευθῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Teuthis

→ Old Armenian: թիսիւր (tʻisiwr)

According to Beekes, the word could be Pre-Greek, in view of the variant and the meaning. Several unconvincing attempts have been made by Pokorny, who compares the word with Sanskrit दोधति (dodhati, “fierce, impetuous, turbulent”) and by Schindler, who assumes an original color term, like in the plant name τεύθριον (teúthrion).

cog

Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris#Translingual


φαττάγης

grc-noun

φαττάγης • (phattágēs) m (genitive φαττάγου); first declension

phattágēs (romanization)
φαττάγου (genitive)
ὁ φαττάγης (nominative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ φαττάγαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαττάγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φατταγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φαττάγῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαττάγαις (dative plural)
τὸν φαττάγην (accusative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φαττάγᾱς (accusative plural)
φαττάγη (singular vocative)
φαττάγᾱ (dual vocative)
φαττάγαι (plural vocative)

The variants show that the word is Pre-Greek.


κεκρύφαλος

κεκρύφᾰλος • (kekrúphalos) m (genitive κεκρῠφάλου); second declension

κεκρύφᾰλος (canonical)
kekrúphalos (romanization)
κεκρῠφάλου (genitive)
ὁ κεκρῠ́φᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεκρῠφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεκρῠφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεκρῠφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεκρῠφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κεκρῠ́φᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κεκρῠφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλε (singular vocative)
κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, undoubtedly of Pre-Greek origin even if traditionally linked to κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”).

(zoology) reticulum, the second stomach of ruminants


μύραινα

μῡ́ραινα • (mū́raina) f (genitive μῡραίνης); first declension

μῡ́ραινα (canonical)
mū́raina (romanization)
μῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ μῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
μῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: murēna (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: զմիւռնեա (zmiwṙnea)

Traditionally connected with σμύρις (smúris, “emery powder”) and with words for 'grease, fat', like Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease”), which would fit the eel as a fat creature. However, this does not explain the long "ῡ". According to Beekes, names of fish are often Pre-Greek and the suffix -αινᾰ (-aina) is well-known in such words.


ψαμμοδύτης

ψαμμοδῠ́της • (psammodútēs) m (genitive ψαμμοδῠ́του); first declension

ψαμμοδῠ́της (canonical)
psammodútēs (romanization)
ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive)
ὁ ψαμμοδῠ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψαμμοδῠ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαμμοδῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαμμοδῠ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαμμοδῠ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ψαμμοδῠ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́ται (plural vocative)

ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”) + δύω (dúō, “dive”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

name of a fish that buries itself in the sand (literally sand-diver)


ῥαφίς

grc-noun

ῥαφῐ́ς • (rhaphís) f (genitive ῥαφῐ́δος); third declension

ῥαφῐ́ς (canonical)
rhaphís (romanization)
ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥαφῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥαφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísi (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥαφῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

English: raphide

Translingual: Limnoraphis, Raphidiopsis

From ῥάπτω (rháptō, “to sew”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

Belone belone
Belone belone#Translingual


νίρνος

head

νίρνος • (nírnos)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: φθείρ (phtheír, “louse”).


λέρος

grc-noun

λέρος • (léros) m (genitive λέρου); second declension

léros (romanization)
λέρου (genitive)
ὁ λέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέροις (dative plural)
τὸν λέρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέρους (accusative plural)
λέρε (singular vocative)
λέρω (dual vocative)
λέροι (plural vocative)


μαρτιχόρας

μαρτῐχόρᾱς • (martikhórās) m (genitive μαρτῐχόρου); first declension

μαρτῐχόρᾱς (canonical)
martikhórās (romanization)
μαρτῐχόρου (genitive)
ὁ μαρτῐχόρᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρτῐχόραι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρτῐχόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρτῐχορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρτῐχόρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρτῐχόραις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρτῐχόρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρτῐχόρᾱς (accusative plural)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (singular vocative)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual vocative)
μαρτῐχόραι (plural vocative)

→ English: manticore

From Iranian; compare Old Persian 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 (m-r-t-i-y /martiya/, “man, mortal”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”)) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraⁱti, “to consume, eat”).


δερμηστής

grc-noun

δερμηστής • (dermēstḗs) m (genitive δερμηστοῦ); first declension

dermēstḗs (romanization)
δερμηστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δερμηστής (nominative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ δερμησταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δερμηστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δερμηστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δερμηστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δερμησταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δερμηστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δερμηστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δερμηστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
δερμηστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δερμησταί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Dermestes

δέρμᾰ (dérma, “skin”) + ἔδω (édō, “eat”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


κύμινδις

grc-noun

κύ̆μινδῐς • (kúmindis) m or f (genitive κῠμίνδῐδος); third declension

κύ̆μινδῐς (canonical)
kúmindis (romanization)
κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κύ̆μινδῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠμίνδῐδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠμινδῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠμίνδῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠμίνδῐσῐ (dative plural)
κῠμίνδῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kumíndisi (dative plural)
taîs kumíndisin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠμίνδῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠμίνδῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
κύ̆μινδῐς (singular vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδε (dual vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cybindis

Clearly a loanword, because of the suffix "-νδ-"; perhaps of Anatolian or Pre-Greek origin.


μαρῖνος

μαρῖνος • (marînos) m (genitive μαρῑ́νου); second declension

marînos (romanization)
μαρῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ μαρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
μαρῖνε (singular vocative)
μαρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
μαρῖνοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the suffix "-ῖνος" is a proof of the Pre-Greek origin of the word.

unknown kind of fish, perhaps a barbel or a flatfish


ἴουλος

ἴουλος • (íoulos) m (genitive ἰούλου); second declension

íoulos (romanization)
ἰούλου (genitive)
ὁ ἴουλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰούλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴουλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰούλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰούλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰούλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰούλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰούλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰούλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴουλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰούλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰούλους (accusative plural)
ἴουλε (singular vocative)
ἰούλω (dual vocative)
ἴουλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)

→ Latin: iūlus

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of οὖλος (oûlos, “wooly, fuzzy”) and εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, wind”). However according to targum exegetes it could be borrowed from Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl) from the Proto-Semitic lizard name *waral-. This form and similar meanings can be reconstructed on the basis of the animal name’s Jewish Literary Aramaic measure יָלָא (yālā), alternating with יַלָּא (yallā), since /aː/ regularly comes out /uː/ in Phoenician-Punic (like 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /rūš/, “head”) from *raʾš- (“head”)). In Jewish Aramaic it also meant a kind of blood-sucking animal, and even closer to the original meaning of a worral would be the Greek senses of certain earth-graving insects. “The first growth of the whiskers and beard” would then be transferred from the image of the undersides of the throats of certain lizards; corn-sheaves afford a similar picture. From any of these meanings the sense of a catkin can be transferred.

der

down, the first growth of the whiskers and beard


μέροψ

grc-noun

μέροψ • (mérops) m (genitive μέροπος); third declension

mérops (romanization)
μέροπος (genitive)
ὁ μέροψ (nominative singular)
τὼ μέροπε (dual nominative)
οἱ μέροπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέροπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μερόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μερόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέροπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μερόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέροψῐ (dative plural)
μέροψῐν (dative plural)
toîs méropsi (dative plural)
toîs méropsin (dative plural)
τὸν μέροπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μέροπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μέροπᾰς (accusative plural)
μέροψ (singular vocative)
μέροπε (dual vocative)
μέροπες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Merops

The original meaning of the word is unknown. However, the suffix "-οψ", which is found also in δρύοψ (drúops) and πάρνοψ (párnops), is typical of Pre-Greek.

Merops apiaster
Merops apiaster#Translingual


πυραλίς

πῠρᾰλῐ́ς • (puralís) f (genitive πῠρᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
puralís (romanization)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πῠρᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πῠρᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠρᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠρᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πῠρᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠρᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῠρᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πῠρᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs puralísi (dative plural)
taîs puralísin (dative plural)
τὴν πῠρᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῠρᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pyralis

→ Translingual: Pyralis

Diminutive formation in "-α(λ)λίς", probably from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) after the reddish color. However, according to Niedermann, it derives from πυρός (purós, “wheat”) after its nutrition.


πηνέλοψ

πηνέλοψ • (pēnélops) m (genitive πηνέλοπος); third declension

pēnélops (romanization)
πηνέλοπος (genitive)
ὁ πηνέλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ πηνέλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ πηνέλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πηνέλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηνελόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηνελόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ πηνέλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηνελόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πηνέλοψῐ (dative plural)
πηνέλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs pēnélopsi (dative plural)
toîs pēnélopsin (dative plural)
τὸν πηνέλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πηνέλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πηνέλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
πηνέλοψ (singular vocative)
πηνέλοπε (dual vocative)
πηνέλοπες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Penelope

The formation is similar to δρύοψ (drúops) and πάρνοψ (párnops). The suffix "-οψ" is typical of Pre-Greek.


κολύβδαινα

κολύβδαινᾰ • (kolúbdaina) f (genitive κολυβδαίνᾱς); first declension

κολύβδαινᾰ (canonical)
kolúbdaina (romanization)
κολυβδαίνᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κολύβδαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κολυβδαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κολύβδαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κολυβδαίνᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολυβδαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολυβδαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κολυβδαίνᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολυβδαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κολυβδαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν κολύβδαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κολυβδαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κολυβδαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
κολύβδαινᾰ (singular vocative)
κολυβδαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
κολύβδαιναι (plural vocative)

A typically Pre-Greek word with interchange "βδ/β" and prenasalization.


σκέπανος

σκέπᾰνος • (sképanos) m (genitive σκεπᾰ́νου); second declension

σκέπᾰνος (canonical)
sképanos (romanization)
σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σκέπᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκέπᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκέπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκεπᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
σκέπᾰνε (singular vocative)
σκεπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
σκέπᾰνοι (plural vocative)


ἴκτινος

ἴκτῑνος • (íktīnos) m (genitive ἰκτῑ́νου); second declension

ἴκτῑνος (canonical)
íktīnos (romanization)
ἰκτῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἴκτῑνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκτῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴκτῑνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰκτῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκτῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκτῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰκτῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκτῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰκτῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴκτῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκτῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰκτῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ἴκτῑνε (singular vocative)
ἰκτῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἴκτῑνοι (plural vocative)

Beekes reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *tḱiH-in (“kite”), connecting the word with Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “a mythical bird”), and Sanskrit श्येन (śyena, “eagle, falcon”).

cog

Milvus milvus
Milvus milvus#Translingual


φυσητήρ

grc-noun

φῡσητήρ • (phūsētḗr) m (genitive φῡσητῆρος); third declension

φῡσητήρ (canonical)
phūsētḗr (romanization)
φῡσητῆρος (genitive)
ὁ φῡσητήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῡσητῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ φῡσητῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φῡσητῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῡσητήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῡσητήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φῡσητῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῡσητήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φῡσητῆρσῐ (dative plural)
φῡσητῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phūsētêrsi (dative plural)
toîs phūsētêrsin (dative plural)
τὸν φῡσητῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῡσητῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φῡσητῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
φῡσητήρ (singular vocative)
φῡσητῆρε (dual vocative)
φῡσητῆρες (plural vocative)

Greek: φυσητήρας (fysitíras)

desctree

→ Latin: physetēr
→ Italian: fisetere m
→ Translingual: Physeter m

From φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to blow”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix).


ἔτελις

head

ἔτελις • (ételis)

Latin attilus (“kind of fish”) shows a general resemblance. Farther away are Latvian āte and Lithuanian atìs (“turbot”). Strömberg rather envisages derivation from ἔταλον (étalon, “yearling”), while DELG calls both suggestions improbable.


σπίζα

grc-noun

σπίζα • (spíza) f (genitive σπίζης); first declension

spíza (romanization)
σπίζης (genitive)
ἡ σπῐ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σπῐ́ζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σπῐ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπῐζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σπῐ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σπῐ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν σπῐ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σπῐ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
σπῐ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)
σπῐ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
σπῐ́ζαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Spiza

From σπίζω (spízō, “to pipe, to chirp”).


γλάνος

γλᾰ́νος • (glános) m (genitive γλᾰ́νου); second declension

γλᾰ́νος (canonical)
glános (romanization)
γλᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ γλᾰ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ γλᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ γλᾰ́νοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ γλᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν γλᾰ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ γλᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
γλᾰ́νε (singular vocative)
γλᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
γλᾰ́νοι (plural vocative)


μύτις

μύτῐς • (mútis) f (genitive μύτῐδος); third declension

μύτῐς (canonical)
mútis (romanization)
μύτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ μῠ́τῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
μῠ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs mútisi (dative plural)
taîs mútisin (dative plural)
τὴν μῠ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠ́τῐς (singular vocative)
μῠ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
μῠ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

Greek: μύτη (mýti)

Of unclear origin. Bailly derives the word from μῡ́ω (mū́ō, “to close, shut”), though the word could perhaps be from Pre-Greek and related to μύσταξ (mústax, “upper lip”).


ἱπποκάνθαρος

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος

ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος • (hippokántharos) m (genitive ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος (canonical)
hippokántharos (romanization)
ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔πποκάνθαρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔πποκάνθαροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποκανθάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκανθάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποκανθάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποκανθάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκανθάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποκανθάροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔πποκάνθαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποκανθάρους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔πποκάνθαρε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔πποκάνθαροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̔πποκάνθαρος

From ῐ̔́ππος (híppos, “horse”) + κάνθαρος (kántharos, “beetle”).

af

devil's coach horse beetle (Ocypus olens)


βόμβυξ

grc-noun

βόμβῡξ • (bómbūx) m (genitive βόμβῡκος); third declension

βόμβῡξ (canonical)
bómbūx (romanization)
βόμβῡκος (genitive)
ὁ βόμβῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βόμβῡκε (dual nominative)
οἱ βόμβῡκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βόμβῡκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βομβῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βομβῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ βόμβῡκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βομβῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βόμβῡξῐ (dative plural)
βόμβῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bómbūxi (dative plural)
toîs bómbūxin (dative plural)
τὸν βόμβῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βόμβῡκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βόμβῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
βόμβῡξ (singular vocative)
βόμβῡκε (dual vocative)
βόμβῡκες (plural vocative)

Greek: βόμβυκας (vómvykas)

→ Latin: bombȳx

→ Translingual: Bombyx

The word must be of Anatolian origin, as is also suggested by its structure. Probably related also to βάμβαξ (bámbax, “cotton”).


ἱππόκαμπος

ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος • (hippókampos) m (genitive ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου); second declension

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (canonical)
hippókampos (romanization)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ιππόκαμπος (ippókampos)

desctree

→ Latin: hippocampus
→ Catalan: hipocamp
→ English: hippocampus
→ French: hippocampe
→ German: Hippokamp
→ Italian: ippocampo
→ Portuguese: hipocampo
→ Romanian: hipocamp
→ Spanish: hipocampo

→ Translingual: Hippocampus

From ῐ̔́ππος (híppos, “horse”) + κάμπος (kámpos, “sea-monster”).

af

sea horse (fish of the genus Hippocampus)


κάνθαρος

grc-noun

κάνθᾰρος • (kántharos) m (genitive κανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

κάνθᾰρος (canonical)
kántharos (romanization)
κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κάνθᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κάνθᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κάνθᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κάνθᾰρε (singular vocative)
κανθᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κάνθᾰροι (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: σκάνθαρος (skántharos)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: *σκανθάριον (*skanthárion)

Greek: σκαθάρι (skathári)

desctree

→ Latin: cantharus, cantarus
Italian: cantero
→ Catalan: càntar
→ English: cantharus
→ French: canthare
→ Galician: cântaro
→ Italian: cantaro
→ Portuguese: cântaro
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р
Latin script: kȁntār
→ Spanish: cántaro
Translingual: Cantharus

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in close paraphrase):
"Not well explained. Connected with κάνθων (kánthōn, “ass, donkey”) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios, “ass, donkey”) by Strömberg, with the same suffix as in χίμαρος (khímaros) and κίσσαρος (kíssaros). Hardly probable. DELG points out that there are anthroponyms and toponyms like Κάνθαρος (Kántharos, “a port of Piraeus”) and concludes from this that the term may be of Pre-Greek origin, which is likely. As Akkadian 𒃶𒁺 (/kandu/, “jar for wine”), considered a loan from West Semitic, and Akkadian 𒃶𒁺𒊒𒌑 (/kanduru/, “kind of vessel”) exist, itself from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒉡𒌉 (/gannu-tur/, “small vessel; potstand”, literally “little vessel, container, holder”), it would be a loan in this meaning."

cog

dung beetle (Canthon pilularius syn. Scarabaeus pilularius)


ὀρταλίς

grc-noun

ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς • (ortalís) f (genitive ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
ortalís (romanization)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρτᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ortalísi (dative plural)
taîs ortalísin (dative plural)
τὴν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρτᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ortalis

Probably from *ὀρτος (*ortos) (meaning unknown) + -αλίς (-alís).
Compare συκαλίς (sukalís) and δορκαλίς (dorkalís), which contain the same suffix.


τυτώ

grc-noun

τυτώ • (tutṓ) f (genitive τυτοῦς); third declension

tutṓ (romanization)
τυτοῦς (genitive)
ἡ τυτώ (nominative singular)
τῆς τυτοῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ τυτοῖ (dative singular)
τὴν τυτώ (accusative singular)
τυτοῖ (singular vocative)

Greek: τυτώ (tytó)

→ Translingual: Tyto

Onomatopoeic, rendering the cry of the owl. See also Latin tutubō (“to cry (of an owl)”) and Lithuanian tutúoti (“first flute, pipe”). Similarly in Greek τοῦτις (toûtis, “blackbird”) and ταύτασος (taútasos, “kind of bird”).


κέπφος

grc-noun

κέπφος • (képphos) m (genitive κέπφου); second declension

képphos (romanization)
κέπφου (genitive)
ὁ κέπφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέπφω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέπφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέπφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέπφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέπφων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέπφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέπφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέπφοις (dative plural)
τὸν κέπφον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέπφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κέπφους (accusative plural)
κέπφε (singular vocative)
κέπφω (dual vocative)
κέπφοι (plural vocative)

A by-form is κεμπός (kempós, “stupid person”), where the prenasalization shows that the word is Pre-Greek.

Hydrobates pelagicus
Hydrobates pelagicus#Translingual


ἴξ

ῑ̓́ξ • (ī́x) m (genitive ῑ̓κός); third declension

ῑ̓́ξ (canonical)
ī́x (romanization)
ῑ̓κός (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἶκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἶκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓κός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓κοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓κῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓κῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓κοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓ξῐ́ (dative plural)
ῑ̓ξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs īxí (dative plural)
toîs īxín (dative plural)
τὸν ἶκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἶκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἶκᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓́ξ (singular vocative)
ἶκε (dual vocative)
ἶκες (plural vocative)

Probably related to ἴψ (íps, “woodworm”) as a Pre-Greek element.


βοῦφος

βοῦφος • (boûphos) m (genitive βούφου); second declension

boûphos (romanization)
βούφου (genitive)
ὁ βοῦφος (nominative singular)
τὼ βούφω (dual nominative)
οἱ βοῦφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βούφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βούφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βούφων (genitive plural)
τῷ βούφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βούφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βούφοις (dative plural)
τὸν βοῦφον (accusative singular)
τὼ βούφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βούφους (accusative plural)
βοῦφε (singular vocative)
βούφω (dual vocative)
βοῦφοι (plural vocative)

Probably of onomatopoeic origin, like Latin būbō (“owl”), Old Armenian բուէճ (buēč, “eagle owl”), and North Persian بوم (bum, “owl”).


ἔποψ

ἔποψ • (épops) m (genitive ἔποπος); third declension

épops (romanization)
ἔποπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔποψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔποπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔποπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔποπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔποπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔποψῐ (dative plural)
ἔποψῐν (dative plural)
toîs épopsi (dative plural)
toîs épopsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἔποπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔποπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔποπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔποψ (singular vocative)
ἔποπε (dual vocative)
ἔποπες (plural vocative)

Formation like δρύοψ (drúops, “woodpecker”), on an onomatopoeic basis. Parallel names exist in other languages, like Latin upupa, Persian پوپو (pôpô), Armenian հոպոպ (hopop) and Latvian pupukis.


φαλαρίς

φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς • (phalārís) f (genitive φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος); third declension

φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (canonical)
phalārís (romanization)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰλᾱρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs phalārísi (dative plural)
taîs phalārísin (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰλᾱρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: φαλαρίδα (falarída)

→ Translingual: Phalaris

From φάλαρος (phálaros, “having a patch of white”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


σίλουρος

grc-noun

σίλουρος • (sílouros) m (genitive σιλούρου); second declension

sílouros (romanization)
σιλούρου (genitive)
ὁ σίλουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σίλουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιλούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιλούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σιλούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιλούροις (dative plural)
τὸν σίλουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σιλούρους (accusative plural)
σίλουρε (singular vocative)
σιλούρω (dual vocative)
σίλουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: silurus

→ Italian: siluro

→ Translingual: Silurus

Traditionally derived from οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) and an unclear first element, connected by Solmsen to σίλλος (síllos, “squint-eyed”) and Σειληνός (Seilēnós, “Silenus”). However, the word is rather formed with the Pre-Greek suffix "-ουρος".

Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis#Translingual


ὠτίς

ὠτῐ́ς • (ōtís) f (genitive ὠτῐ́δος); third declension

ὠτῐ́ς (canonical)
ōtís (romanization)
ὠτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὠτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὠτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὠτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὠτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὠτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὠτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ōtísi (dative plural)
taîs ōtísin (dative plural)
τὴν ὠτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὠτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὠτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὠτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὠτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: ωτίδα (otída)

→ Latin: ōtis

→ Translingual: Otis

From οὖς (oûs, “ear”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís). Compare ὦτος (ôtos, “horned owl”), from the same stem.


ὦτος

ὦτος • (ôtos) m (genitive ὤτου); second declension

ôtos (romanization)
ὤτου (genitive)
ὁ ὦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὤτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὤτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὤτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὤτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὤτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὤτους (accusative plural)
ὦτε (singular vocative)
ὤτω (dual vocative)
ὦτοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: otus

→ Translingual: Otus

From οὖς (oûs, “ear”). Compare ὠτίς (ōtís, “bustard”), from the same stem.


μυρμηκολέων

μῠρμηκολέοντος

μυρμηκολέων • (murmēkoléōn) m (genitive μῠρμηκολέοντος); third declension

murmēkoléōn (romanization)
μῠρμηκολέοντος (genitive)
ὁ μῠρμηκολέων (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρμηκολέοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠρμηκολέοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠρμηκολέοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρμηκολεόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρμηκολεόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠρμηκολέοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρμηκολεόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠρμηκολέουσῐ (dative plural)
μῠρμηκολέουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs murmēkoléousi (dative plural)
toîs murmēkoléousin (dative plural)
τὸν μῠρμηκολέοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρμηκολέοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠρμηκολέοντᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠρμηκολέον (singular vocative)
μῠρμηκολέοντε (dual vocative)
μῠρμηκολέοντες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῠρμηκολέοντος

Translingual: Myrmeleon

desc

→ Old Armenian: մրջիւնառիւծ (mrǰiwnaṙiwc) (calque)

From μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”).


τόργος

grc-noun

τόργος • (tórgos) m (genitive τόργου); second declension

tórgos (romanization)
τόργου (genitive)
ὁ τόργος (nominative singular)
τὼ τόργω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόργοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόργου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόργοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόργων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόργῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόργοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόργοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόργον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόργω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τόργους (accusative plural)
τόργε (singular vocative)
τόργω (dual vocative)
τόργοι (plural vocative)

Without a convincing etymology. A connection with Proto-Germanic *sturkaz (“stork”) seems gratuitous. Thompson compares Coptic ⲧⲣⲉ (tre, “kite”).

unk

Without a convincing etymology


αἰγυπιός

grc-noun

αἰγῠπῐός • (aigupiós) m (genitive αἰγῠπῐοῦ); second declension

αἰγῠπῐός (canonical)
aigupiós (romanization)
αἰγῠπῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ αἰγῠπῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγῠπῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰγῠπῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰγῠπῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγῠπῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγῠπῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰγῠπῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγῠπῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰγῠπῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν αἰγῠπῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγῠπῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰγῠπῐούς (accusative plural)
αἰγῠπῐέ (singular vocative)
αἰγῠπῐώ (dual vocative)
αἰγῠπῐοί (plural vocative)

→ Italian: gheppio

→ Translingual: Aegypius

The comparison with Sanskrit ऋजिप्य (ṛjipya, “epithet of falcon”) is formally difficult; influence by αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) and γύψ (gúps, “vulture”) has been assumed, but this seems unlikely. The presence of the alternative form and the suffix -οπ- lead to a Pre-Greek origin.


κέρθιος

grc-noun

κέρθῐος • (kérthios) m (genitive κερθίου); second declension

κέρθῐος (canonical)
kérthios (romanization)
κερθίου (genitive)
ὁ κέρθῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερθῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρθῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερθῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερθῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερθῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερθῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερθῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερθῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρθῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερθῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερθῐ́ους (accusative plural)
κέρθῐε (singular vocative)
κερθῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κέρθῐοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Certhia

Unexplained; the word hardly belongs to κρέξ (kréx). Likely from Pre-Greek.

Certhia familiaris
Certhia familiaris#Translingual


ὁλκός

holkós (romanization)
ὁλκή (feminine)
ὁλκόν (neuter)
ὁλκός (masculine nominative singular)
ὁλκή (feminine nominative singular)
ὁλκόν (neuter nominative singular)
ὁλκώ (dual masculine nominative)
ὁλκᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
ὁλκώ (dual neuter nominative)
ὁλκοί (masculine nominative plural)
ὁλκαί (feminine nominative plural)
ὁλκᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
ὁλκοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
ὁλκῆς (feminine genitive singular)
ὁλκοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
ὁλκοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ὁλκαῖν (dual feminine genitive)
ὁλκοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
ὁλκῶν (genitive masculine plural)
ὁλκῶν (feminine genitive plural)
ὁλκῶν (genitive neuter plural)
ὁλκῷ (dative masculine singular)
ὁλκῇ (dative feminine singular)
ὁλκῷ (dative neuter singular)
ὁλκοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ὁλκαῖν (dative dual feminine)
ὁλκοῖν (dative dual neuter)
ὁλκοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ὁλκαῖς (dative feminine plural)
ὁλκοῖς (dative neuter plural)
ὁλκόν (accusative masculine singular)
ὁλκήν (accusative feminine singular)
ὁλκόν (accusative neuter singular)
ὁλκώ (accusative dual masculine)
ὁλκᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
ὁλκώ (accusative dual neuter)
ὁλκούς (accusative masculine plural)
ὁλκᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
ὁλκᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὁλκέ (masculine singular vocative)
ὁλκή (feminine singular vocative)
ὁλκόν (neuter singular vocative)
ὁλκώ (dual masculine vocative)
ὁλκᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
ὁλκώ (dual neuter vocative)
ὁλκοί (masculine plural vocative)
ὁλκαί (feminine plural vocative)
ὁλκᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
ὁλκῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
ὁλκότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
ὁλκότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to pull, drag”), whence also ὁλκή (holkḗ, “dragging, drawing”), ἕλκω (hélkō, “to draw, drag”), Latin sulcus (“furrow”) and Old English sulh (“plough”).


ὁλκός

grc-noun

ὁλκός • (holkós) m (genitive ὁλκοῦ); second declension

holkós (romanization)
ὁλκοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὁλκός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁλκώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὁλκοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁλκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁλκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁλκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁλκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁλκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁλκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὁλκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁλκώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὁλκούς (accusative plural)
ὁλκέ (singular vocative)
ὁλκώ (dual vocative)
ὁλκοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: holcus

Translingual: Holcus


ἱμαντόπους

ἱμαντόπους • (himantópous) m (genitive ἱμαντόποδος); third declension

himantópous (romanization)
ἱμαντόποδος (genitive)
ὁ ἱμαντόπους (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱμαντόποδε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱμαντόποδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱμαντόποδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱμαντοπόδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱμαντοπόδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱμαντόποδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱμαντοπόδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱμαντόποσῐ (dative plural)
ἱμαντόποσῐν (dative plural)
toîs himantóposi (dative plural)
toîs himantóposin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱμαντόποδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱμαντόποδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱμαντόποδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱμαντόπους (singular vocative)
ἱμαντόποδε (dual vocative)
ἱμαντόποδες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Himantopus

From ἱμάς (himás, “leathern strap”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).


ῥίζις

grc-noun

ῥίζῐς • (rhízis) m (genitive ῥίζῐος); third declension

ῥίζῐς (canonical)
rhízis (romanization)
ῥίζῐος (genitive)
ὁ ῥῐ́ζῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῐ́ζῐε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥῐ́ζῐες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥῐ́ζῐος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῐζῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῐζῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥῐ́ζῑ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῐζῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥῐ́ζῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῥῐ́ζῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs rhízisi (dative plural)
toîs rhízisin (dative plural)
τὸν ῥῐ́ζῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῐ́ζῐε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥῐ́ζῑς (accusative plural)
ῥῐ́ζῐᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥῐ́ζῐ (singular vocative)
ῥῐ́ζῐε (dual vocative)
ῥῐ́ζῐες (plural vocative)


κριγή

κρῐγή • (krigḗ) f (genitive κρῐγῆς); first declension

κρῐγή (canonical)
krigḗ (romanization)
κρῐγῆς (genitive)
ἡ κρῐγή (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῐγᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κρῐγαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κρῐγῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῐγαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῐγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κρῐγῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῐγαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρῐγαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κρῐγήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῐγᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρῐγᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κρῐγή (singular vocative)
κρῐγᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κρῐγαί (plural vocative)

Athene noctua
Athene noctua#Translingual


κελεός

κελεός • (keleós) m (genitive κελεοῦ); second declension

keleós (romanization)
κελεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κελεός (nominative singular)
τὼ κελεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κελεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κελεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κελεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κελεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κελεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κελεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κελεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κελεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κελεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κελεούς (accusative plural)
κελεέ (singular vocative)
κελεώ (dual vocative)
κελεοί (plural vocative)

Perhaps it belongs to κολάπτω (koláptō, “to peck”), κόλος (kólos, “docked, hornless”), together with κελοί (keloí, “chopper, cutter”). Bechtel connected Lithuanian kùlti (“to thresh”), but according to Huber the alternative forms are a sign of foreign origin. It is probable that these variations are due to Pre-Greek origin.

Picus viridis
Picus viridis#Translingual


ἑλεδώνη

ἑλεδώνη • (heledṓnē) f (genitive ἑλεδώνης); first declension

heledṓnē (romanization)
ἑλεδώνης (genitive)
ἡ ἑλεδώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑλεδώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἑλεδῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἑλεδώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑλεδώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑλεδωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἑλεδώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑλεδώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἑλεδώναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἑλεδώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑλεδώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἑλεδώνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἑλεδώνη (singular vocative)
ἑλεδώνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἑλεδῶναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Eledone

The formation is similar to χελώνη (khelṓnē) and γογγρώνη (gongrṓnē). The word has been compared with δελεδώνη (deledṓnē, “kind of fish”) by Beekes, who suggests a Pre-Greek etymology.


κέρχνη

κέρχνη • (kérkhnē) f (genitive κέρχνης); first declension

kérkhnē (romanization)
κέρχνης (genitive)
ἡ κέρχνη (nominative singular)
τὼ κέρχνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κέρχναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κέρχνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέρχναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κέρχνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέρχναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κέρχναις (dative plural)
τὴν κέρχνην (accusative singular)
τὼ κέρχνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κέρχνᾱς (accusative plural)
κέρχνη (singular vocative)
κέρχνᾱ (dual vocative)
κέρχναι (plural vocative)

Probably from κέρχνος (kérkhnos, “raw voice”).

Falco tinnunculus
Falco tinnunculus#Translingual


βέρεδος

βέρεδος • (béredos) m (genitive βερέδου); second declension

béredos (romanization)
βερέδου (genitive)
ὁ βέρεδος (nominative singular)
τὼ βερέδω (dual nominative)
οἱ βέρεδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βερέδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βερέδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βερέδων (genitive plural)
τῷ βερέδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βερέδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βερέδοις (dative plural)
τὸν βέρεδον (accusative singular)
τὼ βερέδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βερέδους (accusative plural)
βέρεδε (singular vocative)
βερέδω (dual vocative)
βέρεδοι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: بَرِيد (barīd)

Borrowed from Latin verēdus, itself from Gaulish *werēdos.


ὀστοκατεάκτης

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτης

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτου

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτης • (ostokateáktēs) m (genitive ὀστοκᾰτεάκτου); first declension

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτης (canonical)
ostokateáktēs (romanization)
ὀστοκᾰτεάκτου (genitive)
ὁ ὀστοκᾰτεάκτης (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστοκᾰτεάκτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀστοκᾰτεάκται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀστοκᾰτεάκτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστοκᾰτεάκταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστοκᾰτεακτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀστοκᾰτεάκτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστοκᾰτεάκταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀστοκᾰτεάκταις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀστοκᾰτεάκτην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστοκᾰτεάκτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀστοκᾰτεάκτᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀστοκᾰτεάκτᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀστοκᾰτεάκτᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀστοκᾰτεάκται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτης

ὀστοκᾰτεάκτου

ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + κατεάσσω (kateássō, “to break, shatter”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

ossifrage, lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus)


φάψ

grc-noun

φᾰ́ψ • (pháps) f (genitive φᾰβός); third declension

φᾰ́ψ (canonical)
pháps (romanization)
φᾰβός (genitive)
ἡ φᾰ́ψ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́βε (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰ́βες (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰβός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰβοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰβῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰβοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰψῐ́ (dative plural)
φᾰψῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs phapsí (dative plural)
taîs phapsín (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰ́βᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́βε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́βᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ψ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́βε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́βες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Phaps

The formation is similar to other bird names, such as γύψ (gúps, “vulture”) and σκώψ (skṓps, “owl”). The word is clearly related to φάσσα (phássa, “pigeon”) and thus Pre-Greek.


εὐλή

εὐλή • (eulḗ) f (genitive εὐλῆς); first declension

eulḗ (romanization)
εὐλῆς (genitive)
ἡ εὐλή (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν εὐλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
εὐλή (singular vocative)
εὐλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
εὐλαί (plural vocative)

According to Frisk, it is an old verbal noun from εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, roll”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”), properly meaning "that which winds or coils". However, a prothetic vowel *ἐ-ϝλ-ή is impossible, unless *h₁uel- is assumed; however, this would give ὑλ-. In view of all these considerations, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek origin for this word.


ἐλεός

grc-noun

ἐλεός • (eleós) m (genitive ἐλεοῦ); second declension

eleós (romanization)
ἐλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλεούς (accusative plural)
ἐλεέ (singular vocative)
ἐλεώ (dual vocative)
ἐλεοί (plural vocative)

unk

without etymology


βασιλίσκος

grc-noun

βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος • (basilískos) m (genitive βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου); second declension

βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος (canonical)
basilískos (romanization)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰσῐλῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰσῐλῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲥⲕⲟⲥ (basiliskos)

→ Latin: basiliscus, Basiliscus

desc

→ Old Armenian: բասիլիսկոս (basiliskos), բասիղիսկոս (basiłiskos)

From βᾰσῐλεύς (basileús, “king”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos).

etymon

βᾰσῐλεύς>king

af

The given name of a Roman Emperor, Basiliscus (written in uppercase as Βασιλισκός)


γαμφηλαί

grc-noun

γᾰμφηλαί • (gamphēlaí) f pl (genitive γᾰμφηλῶν); first declension

γᾰμφηλαί (canonical)
gamphēlaí (romanization)
γᾰμφηλῶν (genitive)
αἱ γᾰμφηλαί (nominative plural)
τῶν γᾰμφηλῶν (genitive plural)
ταῖς γᾰμφηλαῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰμφηλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
γᾰμφηλαί (plural vocative)

Generally connected with γόμφος (gómphos, “peg, nail”), but the α-vocalism is problematic. Neither an influence from γαμψός (gampsós, “curved, crooked”) or γναμπτήρ (gnamptḗr, “jaw”) seems to be a sufficient explanation. Pedersen pointed to Proto-Slavic *gǫba (“lip, mouth”). According to Beekes, the word may be Pre-Greek given the suffix -ηλ-, which can be found also in τράχηλος (trákhēlos).


χήρ

χήρ • (khḗr) m (genitive χηρός); third declension

khḗr (romanization)
χηρός (genitive)
ὁ χήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ χῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ χῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χηρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν χηροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν χηρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χηρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν χηροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς χηρσῐ́ (dative plural)
χηρσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs khērsí (dative plural)
toîs khērsín (dative plural)
τὸν χῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
χήρ (singular vocative)
χῆρε (dual vocative)
χῆρες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) and identical with Latin ēr (“hedgehog”).


βάρακος

βᾰ́ρᾰκος • (bárakos) m (genitive βᾰρᾰ́κου); second declension

βᾰ́ρᾰκος (canonical)
bárakos (romanization)
βᾰρᾰ́κου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰ́ρᾰκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰ́ρᾰκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰρᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰρᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰρᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰ́ρᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰρᾰ́κους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́ρᾰκε (singular vocative)
βᾰρᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́ρᾰκοι (plural vocative)

Furnée compares βάλαγρος (bálagros, “kind of barb”) and suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


κέστρα

κέστρᾰ • (késtra) f (genitive κέστρᾱς); first declension

κέστρᾰ (canonical)
késtra (romanization)
κέστρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κέστρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κέστρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κέστραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κέστρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέστραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεστρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κέστρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέστραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κέστραις (dative plural)
τὴν κέστρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κέστρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κέστρᾱς (accusative plural)
κέστρᾰ (singular vocative)
κέστρᾱ (dual vocative)
κέστραι (plural vocative)

From κεντέω (kentéō, “to sting, goad”) + -τρα (-tra).


θύμαλλος

grc-noun

θῠ́μᾰλλος • (thúmallos) m (genitive θῠμᾰ́λλου); second declension

θῠ́μᾰλλος (canonical)
thúmallos (romanization)
θῠμᾰ́λλου (genitive)
ὁ θῠ́μᾰλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠμᾰ́λλω (dual nominative)
οἱ θῠ́μᾰλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠμᾰ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠμᾰ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠμᾰ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠμᾰ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠμᾰ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠμᾰ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸν θῠ́μᾰλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠμᾰ́λλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῠμᾰ́λλους (accusative plural)
θῠ́μᾰλλε (singular vocative)
θῠμᾰ́λλω (dual vocative)
θῠ́μᾰλλοι (plural vocative)

→ Italian: temolo

→ Translingual: Thymallus

The word has been connected with θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”), because of its scent. However, as the suffix -αλλος is Pre-Greek, it is improbable that the basic word was of inner-Greek formation.

unknown kind of fish, perhaps the grayling


βατίς

βᾰτῐ́ς • (batís) f (genitive βᾰτῐ́δος); third declension

βᾰτῐ́ς (canonical)
batís (romanization)
βᾰτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ βᾰτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
βᾰτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs batísi (dative plural)
taîs batísin (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾰτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
βᾰτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
βᾰτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

If the word is identical with βότις (bótis, “kind of fish”), the vowel interchange points to a Pre-Greek origin, which is to be expected for a fish name anyhow.

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


κίλλιξ

κῐ́λλῐξ • (kíllix) m (genitive κῐ́λλῐκος); third declension

κῐ́λλῐξ (canonical)
kíllix (romanization)
κῐ́λλῐκος (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́λλῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́λλῐκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́λλῐκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́λλῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐλλῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐλλῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́λλῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐλλῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́λλῐξῐ (dative plural)
κῐ́λλῐξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kíllixi (dative plural)
toîs kíllixin (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́λλῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́λλῐκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐ́λλῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῐ́λλῐξ (singular vocative)
κῐ́λλῐκε (dual vocative)
κῐ́λλῐκες (plural vocative)

Furnée connects it with κελλόν (kellón, “twisted, athwart”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin in view of the variation κιλ-/κελ-.


βλέτυες

head

βλέτυες • (blétues)

Analyzed as a derivation from a stem βλε- found also in καβλέει (kabléei, “to gulp down”) and βλεῖ (bleî, “to collect honey, milk”). According to Beekes, since this stem cannot be of Indo-European origin, the word must be Pre-Greek, which is confirmed by the alternative form.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: βδέλλαι (bdéllai, “leeches”).


σατύριον

grc-noun

σᾰτῠ́ρῐον • (satúrion) n (genitive σᾰτῠρῐ́ου); second declension

σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (canonical)
satúrion (romanization)
σᾰτῠρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰτῠρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰτῠρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰτῠρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰτῠρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰτῠρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰτῠ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
σᾰτῠρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σᾰτῠ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: satyrion

→ Latin: satyrion

→ Spanish: satirión

From σάτυρος (sáturos, “satyre”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


τραγέλαφος

grc-noun

τρᾰγέλᾰφος • (tragélaphos) m (genitive τρᾰγελᾰ́φου); second declension

τρᾰγέλᾰφος (canonical)
tragélaphos (romanization)
τρᾰγελᾰ́φου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰγέλᾰφος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγελᾰ́φω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰγέλᾰφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰγελᾰ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγελᾰ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγελᾰ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰγελᾰ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγελᾰ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰγελᾰ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰγέλᾰφον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγελᾰ́φω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰγελᾰ́φους (accusative plural)
τρᾰγέλᾰφε (singular vocative)
τρᾰγελᾰ́φω (dual vocative)
τρᾰγέλᾰφοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: tragelaphus

→ Translingual: Tragelaphus

From τράγος (trágos, “billy goat”) + ἔλαφος (élaphos, “deer”).

compound

drinking-cup, which had such creature worked in relief


οὐραῖος

grc-noun

οὐραῖος • (ouraîos) m (genitive οὐραίου); second declension

ouraîos (romanization)
οὐραίου (genitive)
ὁ οὐραῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐραίω (dual nominative)
οἱ οὐραῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐραίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐραίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐραίων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐραίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐραίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐραίοις (dative plural)
τὸν οὐραῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐραίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὐραίους (accusative plural)
οὐραῖε (singular vocative)
οὐραίω (dual vocative)
οὐραῖοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ūraeus

Traditionally assumed to be from Egyptian jꜥrt (“cobra in threat posture”), i-a:r:*t-I12, from jꜥr (“to rise, climb”); however, on phonetic grounds, Gundacker, following Fecht, argues for an origin in Egyptian wrrt (“White Crown, uraeus”, literally “the great one”) instead.

der

*οὐβαῖος

*oubaîos; The accusative form οὐβαῖον appears as a hapax legomenon in some copies of Horapollo's Hieroglyphica. Appears to be typographical error, but cf. Coptic ⲟⲃⲓⲟⲛ (obion).


θωός

grc-noun

θωός • (thōós) m (genitive θωοῦ); second declension

thōós (romanization)
θωοῦ (genitive)
ὁ θωός (nominative singular)
τὼ θωώ (dual nominative)
οἱ θωοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ θωοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν θωοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θωῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θωῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν θωοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θωοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν θωόν (accusative singular)
τὼ θωώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς θωούς (accusative plural)
θωέ (singular vocative)
θωώ (dual vocative)
θωοί (plural vocative)


κύχραμος

κῠ́χρᾰμος • (kúkhramos) m (genitive κῠχρᾰ́μου); second declension

κῠ́χρᾰμος (canonical)
kúkhramos (romanization)
κῠχρᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́χρᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠχρᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́χρᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠχρᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠχρᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠχρᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠχρᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠχρᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠχρᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́χρᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠχρᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠχρᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
κῠ́χρᾰμε (singular vocative)
κῠχρᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
κῠ́χρᾰμοι (plural vocative)

Clearly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the variants.

Rallus aquaticus
Rallus aquaticus#Translingual

unknown migratory bird, perhaps:
water rail (Rallus aquaticus)


ἤνυστρον

ἤνῠστρον • (ḗnustron) n (genitive ἠνῠ́στρου); second declension

ἤνῠστρον (canonical)
ḗnustron (romanization)
ἠνῠ́στρου (genitive)
τὸ ἤνῠστρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠνῠ́στρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἤνῠστρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠνῠ́στρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠνῠ́στροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠνῠ́στρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠνῠ́στρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠνῠ́στροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠνῠ́στροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἤνῠστρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠνῠ́στρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἤνῠστρᾰ (accusative plural)
ἤνῠστρον (singular vocative)
ἠνῠ́στρω (dual vocative)
ἤνῠστρᾰ (plural vocative)

The formation with ἔν- perhaps arose under the influence of ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”) and ἐγκοίλιος (enkoílios, “entrails”), but it is late in any case. Assuming *ϝήνυστρον (*wḗnustron), this word is traditionally connected with Icelandic vinstur (“abomasum”), but it differs regarding the quantity of the first syllable and the color of the intermediate vowel. As a pre-form, *wend-tri- has been assumed, comparing German Wanst (“belly”), Latin venter (“belly”) and Sanskrit वस्ति (vasti, “bladder”). However, a digamma is uncertain, and the connection with these words seems most improbable, as the forms are not well comparable. According to Beekes, the ending in -στρον is Pre-Greek.


τεγγύρος

head

τεγγύρος • (tengúros)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: kind of bird.


σφύραινα

grc-noun

σφῡ́ραινᾰ • (sphū́raina) f (genitive σφῡραίνης); first declension

σφῡ́ραινᾰ (canonical)
sphū́raina (romanization)
σφῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ σφῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σφῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σφῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν σφῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σφῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
σφῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
σφῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
σφῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sphyraena

→ Translingual: Sphyraena

From σφῦρα (sphûra, “hammer, mallet”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).

af

[A]: ἡ σφύραινα δ' ἐστὶ τίς;
[B]: κέστραν μὲν ὕμμες ὡττικοὶ κικλήσκετε
[A]: hē sphúraina d' estì tís?
[B]: késtran mèn húmmes hōttikoì kiklḗskete
[A]: a "sphúraina", what is that?
[B]: "Késtra" is what you, Attic-speakers, call it.


μαίνη

grc-noun

μαίνη • (maínē) f (genitive μαίνης); first declension

maínē (romanization)
μαίνης (genitive)
ἡ μαίνη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μαίνην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μαίνη (singular vocative)
μαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μαῖναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: maena

No etymology. The connection with Russian мен (men, “burbot”), Lithuanian ménkė (“haddock”) and Sanskrit मीन (mīna, “Pisces; sprat”) is extremely doubtful. Strömberg hesitatingly attempts to connect it with μαίνομαι (maínomai, “to rage”), by interpreting it as the "wild raging fish".

unk

No etymology


ὤρυγγες

grc-noun

ὤρῠγγες • (ṓrunges) m pl (genitive ὠρῠ́γγων); third declension

ὤρῠγγες (canonical)
ṓrunges (romanization)
ὠρῠ́γγων (genitive)
οἱ ὤρῠγγες (nominative plural)
τῶν ὠρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τοῖς ὤρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
ὤρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ṓrunxi (dative plural)
toîs ṓrunxin (dative plural)
τοὺς ὤρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
ὤρῠγγες (plural vocative)

Furnée compares ὄρυξ (órux, “gazelle”). The prenasalized suffix -υγγ- seemes to point to a Pre-Greek word.

striped or piebald horses, including zebras


λεβηρίς

λεβηρῐ́ς • (lebērís) f (genitive λεβηρῐ́δος); third declension

λεβηρῐ́ς (canonical)
lebērís (romanization)
λεβηρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λεβηρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λεβηρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λεβηρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λεβηρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεβηρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεβηρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λεβηρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεβηρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεβηρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λεβηρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lebērísi (dative plural)
taîs lebērísin (dative plural)
τὴν λεβηρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λεβηρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεβηρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λεβηρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λεβηρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λεβηρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Of Iberian origin, like Latin lepus (“hare”) and laurex (“young rabbit”).

Oryctolagus cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus#Translingual


λαμπυρίς

λᾰμπῠρῐ́ς • (lampurís) f (genitive λᾰμπῠρῐ́δος); third declension

λᾰμπῠρῐ́ς (canonical)
lampurís (romanization)
λᾰμπῠρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λᾰμπῠρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰμπῠρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰμπῠρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰμπῠρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰμπῠρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰμπῠρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰμπῠρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰμπῠρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰμπῠρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λᾰμπῠρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lampurísi (dative plural)
taîs lampurísin (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰμπῠρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰμπῠρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰμπῠρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λᾰμπῠρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λᾰμπῠρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λᾰμπῠρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: λαμπυρίδα (lampyrída)

→ Latin: lampyris

→ Translingual: Lampyris

Lampyris noctiluca
Lampyris noctiluca#Translingual


σέσιλος

σέσῑλος • (sésīlos) m (genitive σεσῑ́λου); second declension

σέσῑλος (canonical)
sésīlos (romanization)
σεσῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σέσῑλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σέσῑλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σεσῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεσῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σεσῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σεσῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σέσῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σεσῑ́λους (accusative plural)
σέσῑλε (singular vocative)
σεσῑ́λω (dual vocative)
σέσῑλοι (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Probably related to σέμελος (sémelos, “snail”) and perhaps both of Pre-Greek origin.

unk

Unexplained


λώβηξ

grc-noun

λώβηξ • (lṓbēx) m (genitive λώβηκος); third declension

lṓbēx (romanization)
λώβηκος (genitive)
ὁ λώβηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λώβηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ λώβηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λώβηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λωβήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λωβήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ λώβηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λωβήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λώβηξῐ (dative plural)
λώβηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs lṓbēxi (dative plural)
toîs lṓbēxin (dative plural)
τὸν λώβηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λώβηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λώβηκᾰς (accusative plural)
λώβηξ (singular vocative)
λώβηκε (dual vocative)
λώβηκες (plural vocative)

Furnée compares the word with λούπης (loúpēs, “kite”), suggesting a Pre-Greek root in view of the interchange β/π.


ἴκταρ

head

ἴκταρ • (íktar) m

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek. The suffix -αρ can also be seen in κύδαρ (kúdar), σκίναρ (skínar), and σῦφαρ (sûphar).


αἰγοκέφαλος

grc-noun

αἰγοκεφᾰ́λου

αἰγοκέφᾰλος • (aigoképhalos) m (genitive αἰγοκεφᾰ́λου); second declension

αἰγοκέφᾰλος (canonical)
aigoképhalos (romanization)
αἰγοκεφᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ αἰγοκέφᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγοκεφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰγοκέφᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰγοκεφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγοκεφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγοκεφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰγοκεφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγοκεφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰγοκεφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν αἰγοκέφᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγοκεφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰγοκεφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
αἰγοκέφᾰλε (singular vocative)
αἰγοκεφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
αἰγοκέφᾰλοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: aegocephalos

From αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).


θρῶναξ

grc-noun

θρῶνᾰξ • (thrônax) m (genitive θρώνᾰκος); third declension

θρῶνᾰξ (canonical)
thrônax (romanization)
θρώνᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ θρῶνᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ θρώνᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ θρώνᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρώνᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρωνᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρωνᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρώνᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρωνᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρώνᾰξῐ (dative plural)
θρώνᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs thrṓnaxi (dative plural)
toîs thrṓnaxin (dative plural)
τὸν θρώνᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θρώνᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρώνᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
θρῶνᾰξ (singular vocative)
θρώνᾰκε (dual vocative)
θρώνᾰκες (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēn- (“drone; to murmur”), like English drone and Latin drensō (“to cry (of swans)”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, comparing the word with ἀνθρηδών (anthrēdṓn, “hornet”), ἀνθρήνη (anthrḗnē, “bee, wasp”) and τενθρηδών (tenthrēdṓn, “kind of wasp”).


ἠπίολος

grc-noun

ἠπῐ́ολος • (ēpíolos) m (genitive ἠπῐόλου); second declension

ἠπῐ́ολος (canonical)
ēpíolos (romanization)
ἠπῐόλου (genitive)
ὁ ἠπῐ́ολος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠπῐ́ολοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠπῐόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠπῐόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠπῐόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠπῐόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠπῐόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἠπῐ́ολον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠπῐόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠπῐόλους (accusative plural)
ἠπῐ́ολε (singular vocative)
ἠπῐόλω (dual vocative)
ἠπῐ́ολοι (plural vocative)

Clearly related to ἠπίαλος (ēpíalos, “ague; nightmare”), thus from Pre-Greek. For the meaning, compare Lithuanian drugys (“fever; moth”) and Albanian ethe (“fever”) with ethëzë (“moth”).


ἀνθρήνη

ἀνθρήνη • (anthrḗnē) f (genitive ἀνθρήνης); first declension

anthrḗnē (romanization)
ἀνθρήνης (genitive)
ἡ ἀνθρήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνθρῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνθρήναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνθρήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρήνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀνθρήνη (singular vocative)
ἀνθρήνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀνθρῆναι (plural vocative)

→ French: anthrène

Ending like ἀπήνη (apḗnē), λαμπήνη (lampḗnē) and ὑπήνη (hupḗnē). The word has also been compared with similar terms like ἀνθρηδών (anthrēdṓn, “hornet”), θρῶναξ (thrônax, “drone”) and τενθρηδών (tenthrēdṓn, “kind of wasp”). In view of the suffix and the variations, the word is probably Pre-Greek.


τέτραξ

τέτρᾰξ • (tétrax) m (genitive τέτρᾰγος or τέτρᾰκος); third declension

τέτρᾰξ (canonical)
tétrax (romanization)
τέτρᾰγος (genitive)
τέτρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ τέτρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τέτρᾰγε (dual nominative)
οἱ τέτρᾰγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέτρᾰγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τετρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέτρᾰγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέτρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
τέτρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs tétraxi (dative plural)
toîs tétraxin (dative plural)
τὸν τέτρᾰγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέτρᾰγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τέτρᾰγᾰς (accusative plural)
τέτρᾰξ (singular vocative)
τέτρᾰγε (dual vocative)
τέτρᾰγες (plural vocative)
ὁ τέτρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τέτρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ τέτρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέτρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τετρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέτρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τετρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέτρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
τέτρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs tétraxi (dative plural)
toîs tétraxin (dative plural)
τὸν τέτρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέτρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τέτρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
τέτρᾰξ (singular vocative)
τέτρᾰκε (dual vocative)
τέτρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Tetrax

Originally onomatopoeic. For the suffix, compare the bird names κόραξ (kórax, “crow”) and πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”). Similar bird names are Lithuanian tetervà (“grey hen”), Proto-Slavic *tetervь (“black grouse”), Proto-Iranian *tatr̥wáh (“pheasant”) and Sanskrit तित्तिर (tittira, “partridge”). From the same onomatopoeic root are τετράων (tetráōn), τέτριξ (tétrix), τατύρας (tatúras), τέταρος (tétaros) and τετράζω (tetrázō).

Tetrastes bonasia
Tetrastes bonasia#Translingual


ἄμπυξ

ἄμπῠξ • (ámpux) m or f (genitive ἄμπῠκος); third declension

ἄμπῠξ (canonical)
ámpux (romanization)
ἄμπῠκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ᾰ̓́μπῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μπῠκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ᾰ̓́μπῠκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ᾰ̓́μπῠκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μπῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μπῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ᾰ̓́μπῠκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μπῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́μπῠξῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́μπῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs ámpuxi (dative plural)
taîs ámpuxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ᾰ̓́μπῠκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μπῠκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́μπῠκᾰς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́μπῠξ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́μπῠκε (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́μπῠκες (plural vocative)

→ English: ampyx

Formerly considered to be a root noun prefixed with ἀμ-, belonging to πύκα (púka, “solidly”) and πυκνός (puknós, “compact”), and cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬯𐬁 (pusā, “headband, diadem”). However, the notion "thick, solid" does not seem to fit the objects in question. A word for such objects is easily borrowed and, according to Beekes, it contains a typical Pre-Greek suffix.


λούπης

head

λούπης • (loúpēs)

Furnée compares the word with λώβηξ (lṓbēx, “vulture”) and concludes that this is a Pre-Greek word, due to the interchange λώβ-/λούπ-.


κοράλλιον

grc-noun

κορᾰ́λλῐον • (korállion) n (genitive κορᾰλλῐ́ου); second declension

κορᾰ́λλῐον (canonical)
korállion (romanization)
κορᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κορᾰ́λλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κορᾰλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κορᾰ́λλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορᾰλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορᾰλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορᾰλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορᾰλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορᾰλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κορᾰ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορᾰλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κορᾰ́λλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κορᾰ́λλῐον (singular vocative)
κορᾰλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κορᾰ́λλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: corallium

→ Old Georgian: კორალიონი (ḳoralioni)

Traditionally derived from a univerbation of κόρη (kórē, “girl, maiden”) + ἅλς (háls, “salt; sea”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), literally “daughter of the sea”, which would be a calque of a similar Indian expression. However, Lewy suggests a Semitic origin, comparing this word with Hebrew גּוֹרָל (gōrāl, “small pebble”) and Arabic جَرَل (jaral, “small stone”).


κτίλος

κτῐ́λος (canonical)
ktílos (romanization)
κτῐ́λον (neuter)
κτῐ́λος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
κτῐ́λον (neuter nominative singular)
κτῐ́λω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
κτῐ́λω (dual neuter nominative)
κτῐ́λοι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
κτῐ́λᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
κτῐ́λου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
κτῐ́λου (genitive neuter singular)
κτῐ́λοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
κτῐ́λοιν (dual genitive neuter)
κτῐ́λων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
κτῐ́λων (genitive neuter plural)
κτῐ́λῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
κτῐ́λῳ (dative neuter singular)
κτῐ́λοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
κτῐ́λοιν (dative dual neuter)
κτῐ́λοις (dative feminine masculine plural)
κτῐ́λοις (dative neuter plural)
κτῐ́λον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
κτῐ́λον (accusative neuter singular)
κτῐ́λω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
κτῐ́λω (accusative dual neuter)
κτῐ́λους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
κτῐ́λᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
κτῐ́λε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
κτῐ́λον (neuter singular vocative)
κτῐ́λω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
κτῐ́λω (dual neuter vocative)
κτῐ́λοι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
κτῐ́λᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
κτῐ́λως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
κτῐλώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
κτῐλώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle”), the same root of κτίζω (ktízō, “to found, build”). The suffix is found in χωλός (khōlós), φαῦλος (phaûlos) and various expressions for defects.


δεδώνη

grc-noun

δεδώνη • (dedṓnē) f (genitive δεδώνης); first declension

dedṓnē (romanization)
δεδώνης (genitive)
ἡ δεδώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ δεδώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δεδῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς δεδώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δεδώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δεδωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δεδώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δεδώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δεδώναις (dative plural)
τὴν δεδώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ δεδώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δεδώνᾱς (accusative plural)
δεδώνη (singular vocative)
δεδώνᾱ (dual vocative)
δεδῶναι (plural vocative)

Corvus corone
Corvus corone#Translingual


κινώπετον

κῐνώπετον • (kinṓpeton) n (genitive κῐνωπέτου); second declension

κῐνώπετον (canonical)
kinṓpeton (romanization)
κῐνωπέτου (genitive)
τὸ κῐνώπετον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐνωπέτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῐνώπετᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐνωπέτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐνωπέτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐνωπέτων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐνωπέτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐνωπέτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐνωπέτοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῐνώπετον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐνωπέτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῐνώπετᾰ (accusative plural)
κῐνώπετον (singular vocative)
κῐνωπέτω (dual vocative)
κῐνώπετᾰ (plural vocative)

Ending like in ἑρπετόν (herpetón) and δακετόν (daketón). Probably related to κνώψ (knṓps, “venomous animal”). The vocalism points to a Pre-Greek origin.


κωβιός

κωβῐός • (kōbiós) m (genitive κωβῐοῦ); second declension

κωβῐός (canonical)
kōbiós (romanization)
κωβῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κωβῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ κωβῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κωβῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωβῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωβῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωβῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κωβῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωβῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωβῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κωβῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κωβῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κωβῐούς (accusative plural)
κωβῐέ (singular vocative)
κωβῐώ (dual vocative)
κωβῐοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: gōbius (see there for further descendants)

→ English: goby

→ Translingual: Gobius

desc

Greek: γωβιός (goviós), γουβίδι (gouvídi)

→ Romanian: guvid

According to Beekes, probably a loan from Pre-Greek. Furnée compares Akkadian 𒆪𒇥 (kuppū, “kind of fish”), suggesting a Semitic origin.


κηραφίς

grc-noun

κηρᾰφῐ́ς • (kēraphís) f (genitive κηρᾰφῐ́δος); third declension

κηρᾰφῐ́ς (canonical)
kēraphís (romanization)
κηρᾰφῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κηρᾰφῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κηρᾰφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κηρᾰφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κηρᾰφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρᾰφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρᾰφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κηρᾰφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρᾰφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κηρᾰφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κηρᾰφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs kēraphísi (dative plural)
taîs kēraphísin (dative plural)
τὴν κηρᾰφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κηρᾰφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κηρᾰφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κηρᾰφῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κηρᾰφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κηρᾰφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin and related to κάραβος (kárabos, “prickly crustacean”), κεράμβηλον (kerámbēlon, “kind of beetle”) and κεράμβυξ (kerámbux, “cerambyx”).


ἀφύη

ἀφῠ́η • (aphúē) f (genitive ἀφῠ́ης); first declension

ἀφῠ́η (canonical)
aphúē (romanization)
ἀφῠ́ης (genitive)
ἡ ἀφῠ́η (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφῠ́ης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφῠ́ῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφῠ́ην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφῠ́η (singular vocative)
ἀφῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφῠ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Hebrew: עַפְיָן (afyan)

→ Latin: aphyē (see there for further descendants)

A derivation from ᾰ̓- (a-, “un-”) + φύω (phúō, “to grow”) seems folk-etymological, but is defended by Meier-Brügger, suggesting Proto-Indo-European *n̥-bʰúH-o- (“without growth”), which is a recent formation compared with Sanskrit अभ्व (abhva, “monster”). However, DELG keeps open the possibility of a substrate word.


μεμβράς

grc-noun

μεμβρᾰ́ς • (membrás) f (genitive μεμβρᾰ́δος); third declension

μεμβρᾰ́ς (canonical)
membrás (romanization)
μεμβρᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ μεμβρᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ μεμβρᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ μεμβρᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς μεμβρᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεμβρᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεμβρᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μεμβρᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεμβρᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μεμβρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
μεμβρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs membrási (dative plural)
taîs membrásin (dative plural)
τὴν μεμβρᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μεμβρᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μεμβρᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
μεμβρᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
μεμβρᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
μεμβρᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

From the same Pre-Greek source of βαμβραδών (bambradṓn, “kind of sprat”) and βεβράδα (bebráda, “kind of smelt”).


τενθρηδών

τενθρηδών • (tenthrēdṓn) m (genitive τενθρηδόνος); third declension

tenthrēdṓn (romanization)
τενθρηδόνος (genitive)
ὁ τενθρηδών (nominative singular)
τὼ τενθρηδόνε (dual nominative)
οἱ τενθρηδόνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τενθρηδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τενθρηδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τενθρηδόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ τενθρηδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τενθρηδόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τενθρηδόσῐ (dative plural)
τενθρηδόσῐν (dative plural)
toîs tenthrēdósi (dative plural)
toîs tenthrēdósin (dative plural)
τὸν τενθρηδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τενθρηδόνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τενθρηδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
τενθρηδών (singular vocative)
τενθρηδόνε (dual vocative)
τενθρηδόνες (plural vocative)

From the same Pre-Greek source of ἀνθρηδών (anthrēdṓn, “hornet”), ἀνθρήνη (anthrḗnē, “wasp”), θρῶναξ (thrônax, “drone”) and πεμφρηδών (pemphrēdṓn, “kind of wasp”).

kind of wasp that makes its nest in the earth


οὐρανοσκόπος

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος

οὐρᾰνοσκόπου

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος • (ouranoskópos) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοσκόπου); second declension

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος (canonical)
ouranoskópos (romanization)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπου (genitive)
ὁ οὐρᾰνοσκόπος (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (dual nominative)
οἱ οὐρᾰνοσκόποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐρᾰνοσκόπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοσκόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρᾰνοσκόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐρᾰνοσκόπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοσκόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐρᾰνοσκόποις (dative plural)
τὸν οὐρᾰνοσκόπον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὐρᾰνοσκόπους (accusative plural)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπε (singular vocative)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (dual vocative)
οὐρᾰνοσκόποι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος

→ Translingual: Uranoscopus

From οὐρᾰνός (ouranós, “heaven, sky”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, contemplate”).


κνώψ

grc-noun

κνώψ • (knṓps) m (genitive κνωπός); third declension

knṓps (romanization)
κνωπός (genitive)
ὁ κνώψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κνῶπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κνῶπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κνωπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνωποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνωπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κνωπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνωποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κνωψῐ́ (dative plural)
κνωψῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs knōpsí (dative plural)
toîs knōpsín (dative plural)
τὸν κνῶπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κνῶπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κνῶπᾰς (accusative plural)
κνώψ (singular vocative)
κνῶπε (dual vocative)
κνῶπες (plural vocative)

Clearly related to κινώπετον (kinṓpeton, “venomous beast”) and thus from Pre-Greek. Not a cross of κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild animal”) and another word.


κεμάς

κεμᾰ́ς • (kemás) f (genitive κεμᾰ́δος); third declension

κεμᾰ́ς (canonical)
kemás (romanization)
κεμᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κεμᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κεμᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κεμᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κεμᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεμᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεμᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κεμᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεμᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεμᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
κεμᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs kemási (dative plural)
taîs kemásin (dative plural)
τὴν κεμᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κεμᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεμᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κεμᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
κεμᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
κεμᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

A derivation in -άς (-ás), probably from an o-stem *κέμος (*kémos, “hornless”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“hornless”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hindiz (“hind, doe”) and Lithuanian šmùlas (“without horn”).