κερασός

grc-noun

κερᾰσός • (kerasós) m (genitive κερᾰσοῦ); second declension

κερᾰσός (canonical)
kerasós (romanization)
κερᾰσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κερᾰσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κερᾰσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κερᾰσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερᾰσούς (accusative plural)
κερᾰσέ (singular vocative)
κερᾰσώ (dual vocative)
κερᾰσοί (plural vocative)

desctree

(from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion)) Greek: κεράσι (kerási)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كراس (kiras), كراز (kiraz), كیراز (kiraz), كرس (kires)
Turkish: kiraz
→ Armenian: քիրազ (kʻiraz)
→ Crimean Tatar: kiraz
→ Azerbaijani: gilas

→ Albanian: qershi

desc

→ Arabic: قَرَاسِيَا (qarāsiyā), قَرَاصِيَا (qarāṣiyā), قَارَاسِيَا (qārāsiyā), جَرَاسِيَا (jarāsiyā), شَرَاسِيَا (šarāsiyā) — obsolete (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))

→ Aramaic: (from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קׅירְסֵי (qirəsē)

Classical Syriac: ܩܪܣܝܐ (qerrassiyā)

→ Latin: cerasus

⇒ Latin: cerasum

q

or from the Ancient Greek variant <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κεράσιον</i> (kerásion)

⇒ Latin: cerasium (or from the Ancient Greek variant κεράσιον (kerásion))

⇒ Latin: ceresium

⇒ Latin: ceresia (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas), կերաս (keras)
Armenian: կեռաս (keṙas)

A loanword of uncertain origin, either Anatolian or Pre-Greek based on the intervocalic -σ-.
Comparison with Akkadian 𒅗𒅈𒋗 (/karšu/, “a plant, likely a leek”) is rejected by Rosół and Blažek.
Blažek argues that the ultimate source of the word may well be Semitic, e. g. Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/kamiššaru, kamaššaru, kameššaru/, “pear-tree”) or Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā, “pear”), compare the Aramaic borrowing Arabic كُمَّثْرَى (kummaṯrā, “pear”), where it has to be known that Prunus and Pyrus species can be denoted by the same word, for example إِجَّاص (ʔijjāṣ, “pear; plum”) and Old Armenian տանձ (tanj, “pear”) with Classical Syriac ܬܰܢ̈ܓܳܝܳܬܳܐ f pl (tangāyāṯā, “mahaleb cherry”). He argues that assimilation *-mš- > *-š- is attested in several NW Semitic languages of the 2nd millennium BC, and hypothesizes that metathesis *k-(m)š-r- > *k-r-(m)š- might have happened either in an unidentified mediator language or a Semitic donor or (less probably so) in Greek itself. The change *t > š, necessary for the change of Classical Syriac ܟܘܡܬܪܐ (kummaṯrā) to the Greek word, is to be found in Phoenician and early Aramaic.
Blažek also notes that the related cultural term seems to be widespread in Caucasian languages; compare (not to list over a dozen lemmata) Lak ккурмуз (k:urmuz, “(wild) cherry plum”) and Dargwa гимиргьи (gimirhi, “quince”), reconstructed protoform Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ḵurmäśV / *ḵurmäʒ́V (“some kind of fruit”), and possibly Proto-Northwest Caucasian *mǝrǝgʷǝźʷǝ (“some sort of plum or peach”) with metathesis, attested in some Abkhaz compound words.


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trágos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trágos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trágō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appears

voice change that takes place in puberty

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.


φοῖνιξ

grc-noun

φοῖνῐξ • (phoînix) m (genitive φοίνῑκος); third declension

φοῖνῐξ (canonical)
phoînix (romanization)
φοίνῑκος (genitive)
ὁ φοῖνῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ φοίνῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φοίνῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φοινῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ φοίνῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φοινῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φοίνῑξῐ (dative plural)
φοίνῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxi (dative plural)
toîs phoínīxin (dative plural)
τὸν φοίνῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φοίνῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φοίνῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
φοῖνῐξ (singular vocative)
φοίνῑκε (dual vocative)
φοίνῑκες (plural vocative)

Greek: φοίνικας (foínikas)

→ Latin: phoenīx

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փիւնիկ (pʻiwnik), փիւնիկս (pʻiwniks), փիւնիկոս (pʻiwnikos), փիւնիքս (pʻiwnikʻs), փոնիքս (pʻonikʻs)
→ Armenian: փյունիկ (pʻyunik) (learned)
→ Old Georgian: ფუვინკაჲ (puvinḳay)

→ Old Georgian: ფჳნიქსი (pwiniksi)

The etymology surrounding all senses remains somewhat unclear. The fact that the dye came exclusively from Phoenicia assures some connection. However, it is unclear if it comes from native Greek or is a Phoenician loanword. The relationship in the sense of "mythical bird" and Egyptian bnw (“phoenix, Bennu bird”) is clear, but some have argued for a Semitic source (possibly Phoenician), perhaps related to the "dye" sense and the bird's red plumage. It has been argued both that the name of the tree derives from the bird and vice versa; it may be significant that Egyptian bnw can also mean both a mythical bird and the fruit of the date tree. Regardless of the etymology, the word traces back to the Mycenaean era, as evidenced by 𐀡𐀛𐀐 (po-ni-ke) and 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀠 (po-ni-ki-pi) (most likely date palm). Compare Hebrew פֻּוָּ֕ה (puw·wā, “a clan's name”) and Arabic فُوَّه (fuwwah, “madder”), a plant whose root yields purple-red dye.

cog

(music) A guitar-like instrument invented by the Phoenicians


πτέρυξ

grc-noun

πτέρῠξ • (ptérux) f (genitive πτέρῠγος); third declension

πτέρῠξ (canonical)
ptérux (romanization)
πτέρῠγος (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρῠγες (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρῠγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτερῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρῠγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτερῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρῠξῐ (dative plural)
πτέρῠξῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxi (dative plural)
taîs ptéruxin (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρῠγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
πτέρῠξ (singular vocative)
πτέρῠγε (dual vocative)
πτέρῠγες (plural vocative)

Greek: πτέρυγα (ptéryga)

English: pterygo-, pteryg-

Connected with πτερόν (pterón, “feather”), but with an unexplained suffix.

anything like a wing:
(in the plural) feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)

anything like a wing:
feathery foliage
ivy (Hedera helix)


ἀψίνθιον

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension

apsínthion (romanization)
ἀψινθίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀψινθίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀψινθίων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀψινθίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀψινθίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀψινθίοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀψίνθιον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀψινθίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀψίνθιᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀψίνθιον (singular vocative)
ἀψινθίω (dual vocative)
ἀψίνθιᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)

desctree

أَفْسِنْتِين

→ Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
→ Persian: افسنتین
→ Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
→ Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
→ Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)

→ Aramaic:

Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)

Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)

Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)

→ Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).

cog

Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ ἦν μὲν ἡ γῆ πεδίον ἅπαν ὁμαλὲς ὥσπερ θάλαττα, ἀψινθίου δὲ πλῆρες·

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.5.1

In this region the ground was all a plain, flat like the sea, and full of wormwood.

En toútōi dè tôi tópōi ên mèn hē gê pedíon hápan homalès hṓsper thálatta, apsinthíou dè plêres;

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual


κράμβη

grc-noun

κρᾰ́μβη • (krámbē) f (genitive κρᾰ́μβης); first declension

κρᾰ́μβη (canonical)
krámbē (romanization)
κρᾰ́μβης (genitive)

Greek:

Byzantine Greek: κράμβη (krámbē), Byzantine Greek: κράμπη (krámpē)

Modern Greek: κράμβη (krámvi)

→ Arabic: كُرُنْب (kurunb)

Hijazi Arabic: كرنب (kurunb)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כְּרַנְבִּי (kranbī)

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܒܐ (kərāḇā)

→ Coptic: ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲏ (grampē), ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ (grampe), ⲕⲣⲁⲙⲡⲏ (krampē)

→ Latin: crambē

→ Middle Iranian: *karamb, *kalamb

desctree

Persian: کلم (kalam), کرم (karam), کرنب (karamb)
Tajik: карам (karam), калам (kalam)
→ Azerbaijani: kələm
→ Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: kelem
Central Kurdish: کەلەرم (kelerm)
→ Kyrgyz: керем (kerem)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كلم (kelem)
Turkish: kelem
→ Uzbek: karam

→ Old Armenian: կաղամբ (kałamb)
Middle Armenian: կաղամբ (kałamb), կաղամպ (kałamp), կաղանբ (kałanb), կաղամբոս (kałambos)
→ Armenian: կաղամբ (kałamb)
→ Lezgi: клампӏ (klamṗ), гилампӏ (gilamṗ, “turnip, radish”)
→ Old Georgian: კალნაბი (ḳalnabi)
Georgian: კალნაბი (ḳalnabi)
→ Udi: кӏаламб (ḳalamb)

desc

⇒ Ancient Greek: κραμβίδιον (krambídion, diminutive)

→ Arabic: قَرْنَبِيط (qarnabīṭ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲓⲧ (grampit)

⇒ Ancient Greek: κραμβίον (krambíon) ("decoction of κράμβη")

Byzantine Greek: κραμβίν (krambín), κραμπί(ν), κραμπίον

Usually connected with κράμβος (krámbos, “dry; blight in grapes, when they shrivel”), assuming that the plant was named after its shrunken leaves, but this is rejected by Beekes, who leaves the origin open.

μὰ τὴν κράμβην ― mà tḕn krámbēn ― by the cabbage! (μά + accusative: comic oath)

Albert Socin
Ernst Kuhn
Wilhelm Geiger
de:Christian Bartholomae
de:Paul Horn (Philologe)
ru:Залеман, Карл Германович


φηγός

grc-noun

φηγός • (phēgós) f (genitive φηγοῦ); second declension

phēgós (romanization)
φηγοῦ (genitive)
ὁ φηγός (nominative singular)
τὼ φηγώ (dual nominative)
οἱ φηγοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ φηγοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν φηγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φηγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φηγῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν φηγοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φηγοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν φηγόν (accusative singular)
τὼ φηγώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φηγούς (accusative plural)
φηγέ (singular vocative)
φηγώ (dual vocative)
φηγοί (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: փեկոն (pʻekon)

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰāgós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos. Cognates include Latin fāgus, Old English bēċe (whence English beech), Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 (bōka, “beech”).


ἀκτή

ἀκτή • (aktḗ) f (genitive ἀκτῆς); first declension

aktḗ (romanization)
ἀκτῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκτή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκτή (singular vocative)
ἀκτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκταί (plural vocative)

Unclear. Perhaps the same as etymology 1.

[…] χάλκειον κάνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ κρόμυον ποτῷ ὄψον,
ἠδὲ μέλι χλωρόν, παρὰ δ’ ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτήν, […]
[…] khálkeion káneon, epì dè krómuon potôi ópson,
ēdè méli khlōrón, parà d’ alphítou hieroû aktḗn, […]

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.630–631

1898 translation by Samuel Butler
[…] a vessel of bronze and an onion to give relish to the drink,
with honey and cakes of barley-meal.


κιθάρα

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ • (kithárā) f (genitive κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (canonical)
kithárā (romanization)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐθᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐθᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐθᾰ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐθᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐθᾰ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐθᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cithara (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Aramaic: קיתרא (qīṯārā), ܩܝܬܪܐ (qīṯārā)
→ Arabic: قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ), կեթառ (ketʻaṙ)
→ Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: китара (kitára)

According to Beekes, acquired from Pre-Greek. Said Pre-Greek term may be ultimately derived from or at least related to Proto-Hurro-Urartian *kinnar (“lyre, harp”).


σίλφιον

grc-noun

σῐ́λφῐον • (sílphion) n (genitive σῐλφῐ́ου); second declension

σῐ́λφῐον (canonical)
sílphion (romanization)
σῐλφῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́λφῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐλφῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́λφῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐλφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐλφῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐλφῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐλφῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐλφῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐλφῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́λφῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐλφῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́λφῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́λφῐον (singular vocative)
σῐλφῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐ́λφῐᾰ (plural vocative)


ἄλφιτον

ἄλφιτον • (álphiton) n (genitive ἀλφίτου); second declension

álphiton (romanization)
ἀλφίτου (genitive)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλφίτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλφίτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλφίτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλφίτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλφίτοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλφιτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλφίτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄλφιτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλφιτον (singular vocative)
ἀλφίτω (dual vocative)
ἄλφιτᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Cognates include Albanian elb.

δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπεῤῥώοντο γυναῖκες ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν

c. 8th century BCE, Homer, “Rhapsody υ”, in Odyssey, 107-8:

twelve maidens, day by day, toiled grinding barleymeal and wheatmeal, the marrow of man

dṓdeka pâsai eperrhṓonto gunaîkes álphita teúkhousai kaì aleíata, muelòn andrôn

οἱ ἀστοὶ ἄλευρά τε καὶ ἄλφιτα ἐποίευν πάντες ἐπὶ μῆνας συχνούς

430 BCE, Herodotus, “Book VII, Polyymnia”, in Histories, section 119:

the citizens continued to make wheatmeal and barleymeal for many months

hoi astoì áleurá te kaì álphita epoíeun pántes epì mênas sukhnoús


μόρον

μόρον • (móron) n (genitive μόρου); second declension

móron (romanization)
μόρου (genitive)
τὸ μόρον (nominative singular)
τὼ μόρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μόρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μόροις (dative plural)
τὸ μόρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μόρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μόρᾰ (accusative plural)
μόρον (singular vocative)
μόρω (dual vocative)
μόρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μούρο (moúro)

→ Latin: mōrum

→? Turkish: mor (“purple”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mórom (“mulberry, blackberry”). Compare Middle Irish merenn (“mulberry”), Welsh merwydden, Old Armenian մոր (mor, “blackberry”).


δωράκινον

grc-noun

δωράκινον • (dōrákinon) n (genitive δωρακίνου); second declension

dōrákinon (romanization)
δωρακίνου (genitive)
τὸ δωράκινον (nominative singular)
τᾰ̀ δωράκινᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δωρακίνου (genitive singular)
τῶν δωρακίνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δωρακίνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς δωρακίνοις (dative plural)
τὸ δωράκινον (accusative singular)
τᾰ̀ δωράκινᾰ (accusative plural)
δωράκινον (singular vocative)
δωράκινᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ῥοδάκινον (rhodákinon)

Greek: ροδάκινο (rodákino)

desc

Pontic Greek: ροδάκινον (rodákinon), ροδάκινο (rodákino), ροδάκιν (rodákin), ροδάκ' (rodák'), δοράκινο (dorákino)

Tsakonian: ροδάτσ̌ινε (rodátšine)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܕܘܪܩܝܢܐ (dōraqqīnā, dūrqīnā)

From Latin dūracinum, nominative neuter singular of dūracinus (“hard-berried”).

Geoponica, 3 1.4

Geoponica, 10 13.1

(Late Koine, Early Byzantine) a type of peach ("kingstone")


μῆλον

grc-noun

μῆλον • (mêlon) n (genitive μήλου); second declension

mêlon (romanization)
μήλου (genitive)
τὸ μῆλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μῆλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῆλᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆλον (singular vocative)
μήλω (dual vocative)
μῆλᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ μᾶλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾶλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾱ́λω (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾱ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾱ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾱ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾶλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾱ́λως (accusative plural)
μᾶλον (singular vocative)
μᾱ́λω (dual vocative)
μᾶλᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μήλο (mílo)

Tsakonian: μάλι (máli)

→ Proto-Albanian: *mālā (via Doric μᾶλα (mâla))

Albanian: mollë

→ Latin: mālum, mēlum, mēlo

→ Translingual: Malus

Uncertain. Compare Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”), Hittite 𒊭𒈠𒇻 (šamalu-, “apple”), Hittite 𒊭𒄠𒇻 (šamlu-, “apple”) and Proto-Kartvelian *msxal- (“pear”).
Multiple theories have been put forth:
Theories on the origin of μῆλον
* Beekes (2010) declares it to be a Pre-Greek Mediterranean substrate borrowing, comparing it with Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”).
* Kroonen (2016) reconstructs a Proto-Indo-European byform *smh₂l-, from which he also derives Hittite 𒊭𒈠𒇻 (šamalu-), 𒊭𒄠𒇻 (šamlu-) "apple". He also connects this IE form with Proto-Kartvelian *msxal- (“pear”) and proposes that the Indo-European words may have come from a metathesis of that Kartvelian word.
* Fenwick (2016) also argues for an ultimate Indo-European origin, though with differing details, and views the Kartvelian term rather as an IE loan. She reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lo- (“cultivated tree, cultivated vine”), with a variant *móh₂lo- (“id.”). This variant is visible in e.g. Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒄴𒆷𒀸 (māḫlaš, “grapevine”), Lydian μῶλαξ (môlax, “type of wine”), and Armenian մոլ (mol, “sucker, runner, stolon”). She takes this variation as evidence of an earlier acrostatic root noun *móh₂l- (“type of culturally important plant”) - which got thematized later on - showing a range of other derived forms. She further treats *móh₂l- itself as a possible archaic *-l- deverbal noun from *meh₂- (“to grow, increase, mature, be fruitful”). She compares this development to that of *webʰl- (“weevil, beetle, worm”), which she derives from *webʰ- (“to weave”)).


ἀμυγδάλη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη • (amugdálē) f (genitive ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης); first declension

ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (canonical)
amugdálē (romanization)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓μῠγδᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

Greek: αμύγδαλο (amýgdalo)

→ Latin: amygdala

Unknown.
According to Beekes, γδ-σγ alternations in the word's variants indicate "a typical" Pre-Greek substrate word, tentatively reconstructed as *amutʸgala. He also supports Furnée's comparison with μύκηρος (múkēros, “almond, kind of a nut”) and a couple of Anatolian words related to sweetness, such as Hittite [script needed] (mitgaimi-, “sweet bread”).
Alternatively, Blažek considers it possible to allow for Semitic provenance, namely to contain the term present in Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šāqḗḏ, “almond”), see there for variants, while accounting for the Greek /al/ by deeming a blend with the term in Hebrew דֶּקֶל (déqel, “palm tree; date”) to participate, imagining derivations *midqalā “place planted with date-palms” and miṯqadā “place planted with almond-trees” and hybridized miṯqalā.


πραικόκιον

grc-noun

πραικόκῐον • (praikókion) n (genitive πραικοκῐ́ου); second declension

πραικόκῐον (canonical)
praikókion (romanization)
πραικοκῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πραικόκῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πραικοκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πραικόκῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πραικοκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πραικοκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πραικοκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πραικοκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πραικοκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πραικοκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πραικόκῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πραικοκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πραικόκῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πραικόκῐον (singular vocative)
πραικοκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πραικόκῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Byzantine Greek: βερικοκκῐ́ᾱ (berikokkíā), βρεκοκκία (brekokkía)
→ Classical Syriac: ܒܰܪܩܽܘܩܳܐ (barqūqā), ܒܰܪܩܽܘܩܳܝܳܐ (barqūqāyā)
→ Arabic: برقوق (burqūq, barqūq) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin praecoquum (“precocious”), variant of praecox (“early-ripe”), apparently because the apricot was considered a "precocious" variant of the peach. βερίκοκκον (beríkokkon) (whence modern Greek βερίκοκο (veríkoko)) is traditionally connected and considered as a variant form; however, the details of its relation to and phonetic development from πραικόκιον (praikókion) are unclear.


κριθή

grc-noun

κρῑθή • (krīthḗ) f (genitive κρῑθῆς); first declension

κρῑθή (canonical)
krīthḗ (romanization)
κρῑθῆς (genitive)
ἡ κρῑθή (nominative singular)
τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κρῑθαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κρῑθῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρῑθαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρῑθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κρῑθῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρῑθαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρῑθαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κρῑθήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κρῑθᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρῑθᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κρῑθή (singular vocative)
κρῑθᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κρῑθαί (plural vocative)

→ English: crith

Uncertain. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰérsdʰ-o/eh₂-, with cognates including Latin hordeum, Old High German gersta, but there are phonetic difficulties with this. Rather closer are Albanian drithë, Old Armenian գարի (gari), as if from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥yo-. Or perhaps of Proto-Albanian/Illyrian origin, which may explain the vowel. Egyptian origin has also been considered. Beekes, not convinced by any proposal, suggests an old Wanderwort; others have suggested a substrate. He notes that the Epic form points to an original root noun *krītʰ-.


σταφυλῖνος

στᾰφῠλῖνος • (staphulînos) m (genitive στᾰφῠλῑ́νου); second declension

στᾰφῠλῖνος (canonical)
staphulînos (romanization)
στᾰφῠλῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ στᾰφῠλῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ στᾰφῠλῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στᾰφῠλῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰφῠλῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰφῠλῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ στᾰφῠλῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰφῠλῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στᾰφῠλῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν στᾰφῠλῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στᾰφῠλῑ́νους (accusative plural)
στᾰφῠλῖνε (singular vocative)
στᾰφῠλῑ́νω (dual vocative)
στᾰφῠλῖνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σταφυλίνος (stafylínos)

Armenian:

→ Middle Armenian: ստեպղին (stepġin)

Armenian: ստեպղին (stepġin)

→ Georgian: სტაფილო (sṭapilo)

→ Latin: staphylīnus

Semitic:

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܦܠܝܢ (ʾesṭap̄līn)

→ Arabic: إصْطَفْلِين (ʔiṣṭaflīn)

→ Arabic: إصْطَفْلِين (ʔiṣṭaflīn)

From στᾰφῠλή (staphulḗ, “grape”) + -ῖνος (-înos).


κύμινον

grc-noun

κύμῑνον • (kúmīnon) n (genitive κυμίνου); second declension

κύμῑνον (canonical)
kúmīnon (romanization)
κυμίνου (genitive)
τὸ κύμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κυμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κυμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κυμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κυμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κυμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κύμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κυμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κύμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
κύμῑνον (singular vocative)
κυμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κύμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cumīnum (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲓⲙⲓⲛⲟⲩ (kiminou)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀖𐀜 (ku-mi-no), borrowed from Semitic, compare Ge'ez ከሚን (kämin), ካሚን (kamin), ከሙን (kämun), ከሜን (kämen), Arabic كَمُّون (kammūn), Hebrew כַּמֹּון (kammōn), Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא / ܩܰܡܽܘܢܳܐ (kammōnā, “cumin”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Note also Old Armenian չաման (čʻaman).

cog

Aramaic כַּמֹּונָֹא


πικρίς

grc-noun

πικρῐ́ς • (pikrís) f (genitive πικρῐ́δος); third declension

πικρῐ́ς (canonical)
pikrís (romanization)
πικρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πικρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πικρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πικρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πικρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πικρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πικρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πικρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πικρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πικρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πικρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs pikrísi (dative plural)
taîs pikrísin (dative plural)
τὴν πικρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πικρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πικρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πικρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πικρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πικρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Picris

From πικρός (pikrós, “bitter”) + -ίς (-ís).


σῦκον

σῦκον • (sûkon) n (genitive σῡ́κου); second declension

sûkon (romanization)
σῡ́κου (genitive)
τὸ σῦκον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῡ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῡ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῡ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ σῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ (accusative plural)
σῦκον (singular vocative)
σῡ́κω (dual vocative)
σῦκᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: σύκο (sýko)

→ Latin: syconus

→ English: syconus

→ Portuguese: sícono

Since long, connected with Latin fīcus and Old Armenian թուզ (tʻuz), and considered a borrowing from a Mediterranean (Pre-Greek) or Anatolian substrate source, from which Hebrew שִׁקְמָה (šiqmā́, “sycamore fig”) – borrowed into συκάμινος (sukáminos) – and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky (“gourd”) are also adduced. Martirosyan reconstructs a Mediterranean proto-form *tʰuōiḱo- or *tʰū(i)ḱo- (“fig”). The use of words for fruits (fig, plum etc.) in the sense of “vulva” is very common cross-linguistically.


κόκκυξ

grc-noun

κόκκῡξ • (kókkūx) m (genitive κόκκῡγος); third declension

κόκκῡξ (canonical)
kókkūx (romanization)
κόκκῡγος (genitive)
ὁ κόκκῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκῡγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκῡγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκῡ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῡγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκῡξῐ (dative plural)
κόκκῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxi (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκῡγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκῡγᾰς (accusative plural)
κόκκῡξ (singular vocative)
κόκκῡγε (dual vocative)
κόκκῡγες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coccyx

From Proto-Hellenic *kókkūks, eventually from the same onomatopoeic root of κόκκῡ (kókkū, “cry of the cuckoo”) and κοκκύζω (kokkúzō, “to cry cuckoo”). Compare also English cuckoo, Latin cucūlus (“cuckoo”) and Greek κούκος (koúkos, “cuckoo”), which are all onomatopoeias.


ἄλευρον

ἄλευρον • (áleuron) n (genitive ἀλεύρου); second declension

áleuron (romanization)
ἀλεύρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λευρον (nominative singular)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓λεύρου (genitive singular)
τῶν ᾰ̓λεύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓λεύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς ᾰ̓λεύροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́λευρον (accusative singular)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́λευρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́λευρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: aleurone

→ French: aleurone

Greek: άλευρο (álevro), αλεύρι (alévri)

→ Italian: aleurone

→ Translingual: Aleuron

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leh₁wr̥. Cognate with Old Armenian ալեւր (alewr).

Οἱ ἀστοὶ ἄλευρά τε καὶ ἄλφιτα ἐποίευν πάντες ἐπὶ μῆνας συχνούς.

The citizens continued to make wheatmeal and barleymeal for many months.

Hoi astoì áleurá te kaì álphita epoíeun pántes epì mênas sukhnoús.

, ἀλέατα (aléata) (Homeric)


ἀράχνη

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη • (arákhnē) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης); first declension

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (canonical)
arákhnē (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρᾰχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (plural vocative)

> Greek: αράχνη (aráchni) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: αράχνα (aráchna), 'ράχνα ('ráchna), 'ράχνα̤ ('ráchnä), αράνα (arána) (inherited)
→ Laz: რახნა (raxna)
→ Turkish: arahna, araḫana, rağna, rahna, raḫna

desc

> Tsakonian: αράχνα (aráchna), αράχλα (aráchla) (inherited)

→? Latin: arānea

desctree

⇒ Translingual: Arachnida
⇒ English: arachnoid
→ French: arachnide
→ English: arachnid

Pre-Greek origin, although related to Latin arānea. Whether it is the source of the Latin term or they both originated from a different common source is unclear. Basque armiarma possibly may be distantly related to the substrate.

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 286

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (arákhnēs).
spider web

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (arákhnēs).
cow parsnip


σταφυλή

grc-noun

σταφυλή • (staphulḗ) f (genitive σταφυλῆς); first declension

staphulḗ (romanization)
σταφυλῆς (genitive)
ἡ σταφυλή (nominative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ σταφυλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς σταφυλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σταφυλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σταφυλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν σταφυλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς σταφυλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν σταφυλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ σταφυλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σταφυλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
σταφυλή (singular vocative)
σταφυλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
σταφυλαί (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: σταφύλιον (staphúlion)

Greek: σταφύλι (stafýli)

Though traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to be stiff; post”) (compare Sanskrit स्तम्भ (stambha, “pillar”), Old English stæf (“staff”)) via an assumed intermediate sense “stem”, according to Beekes, the word is clearly Pre-Greek, along with the related στέμφυλα (stémphula, “bunch of (pressed) olives or grapes”) and ἀσταφίς (astaphís, “dried grapes”). It must be noted that the usual Avar word for “grape” is цӏибил (cʼibil) and is internally derived in Caucasian.


βάτος

grc-noun

βᾰ́τος • (bátos) f (genitive βᾰ́του); second declension

βᾰ́τος (canonical)
bátos (romanization)
βᾰ́του (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́τοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́τον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́τε (singular vocative)
βᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́τοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βάτος (vátos)

→ Amharic: ባጦስ (baṭos)

→ Arabic: بَاطُس (bāṭus)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ (batos)

⇒ English: batology

desc

→ Ge'ez: ባጦስ (baṭos), ጳጦስ (p̣aṭos), ጰጦስ (p̣äṭos)

→ Latin: batus

Said by Beekes to be a Mediterranean wanderwort; substrate common to μαντία (mantía, “blackberry”) (Dacian loan), and Albanian man (“mulberry”), Gheg mand.


ἄνηθον

grc-noun

ἄνηθον • (ánēthon) n (genitive ἀνήθου); second declension

ánēthon (romanization)
ἀνήθου (genitive)
τὸ ἄνηθον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνήθω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄνηθᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀνήθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνήθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνήθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀνήθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνήθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀνήθοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄνηθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνήθω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄνηθᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄνηθον (singular vocative)
ἀνήθω (dual vocative)
ἄνηθᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: άνηθος (ánithos)

→ Latin: anethum

→ Translingual: Anethum

Most likely Pre-Greek. Not to be confused with ἄννησον (ánnēson).

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual


βάλανος

βᾰ́λᾰνος • (bálanos) f (genitive βᾰλᾰ́νου); second declension

βᾰ́λᾰνος (canonical)
bálanos (romanization)
βᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́λᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́λᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́λᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λᾰνε (singular vocative)
βᾰλᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λᾰνοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: βάλανος (válanos), βαλανίδι (valanídi), βελανίδι (velanídi)

desctree

→ Latin: balanus, balana, balania (late)
Catalan: bàlan
French: balane
Italian: balano
Portuguese: bálano
Spanish: bálano
→ English: balanus
→ French: balanus (learned)
→ Translingual: Balanus

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷə́lanos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”); see there for cognates. Probably unrelated to Ancient Greek βᾰλᾰνεῖον (balaneîon, “bath, bathroom”).


ὄον

grc-noun

ὄον • (óon) n (genitive ὄου); second declension

óon (romanization)
ὄου (genitive)
τὸ ὄον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὄου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὄων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὄῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὄοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄον (singular vocative)
ὄω (dual vocative)
ὄᾰ (plural vocative)


στάχυς

στᾰ́χῡς or στᾰ́χῠς • (stákhūs or stákhus) m (genitive στᾰ́χῠος); third declension

στᾰ́χῡς (canonical)
στᾰ́χῠς (canonical)
stákhūs (romanization)
stákhus (romanization)
στᾰ́χῠος (genitive)
στᾰ́χῡς (nominative singular)
στᾰ́χῠε (dual nominative)
στᾰ́χῠες (nominative plural)
στᾰ́χῠος (genitive singular)
στᾰχῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
στᾰχῠ́ων (genitive plural)
στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
στᾰ́χυι (dative singular)
στᾰχῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
στᾰχῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰχῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῡσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῡσῐν (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῡσσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῡσσῐν (dative plural)
stakhúessi (dative plural)
stakhúessin (dative plural)
stákhūsi (dative plural)
stákhūsin (dative plural)
stákhūssi (dative plural)
stákhūssin (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῡν (accusative singular)
στᾰ́χῠε (accusative dual)
στᾰ́χῡς (accusative plural)
στᾰ́χῠᾰς (accusative plural)
στᾰ́χῡ (singular vocative)
στᾰ́χῠε (dual vocative)
στᾰ́χῠες (plural vocative)
ὁ στᾰ́χῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ στᾰ́χῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ στᾰ́χῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στᾰχῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
στᾰ́χυι (dative singular)
τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στᾰ́χῠσῐ (dative plural)
στᾰ́χῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs stákhusi (dative plural)
toîs stákhusin (dative plural)
τὸν στᾰ́χῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ στᾰ́χῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς στᾰ́χῡς (accusative plural)
στᾰ́χῠᾰς (accusative plural)
στᾰ́χῠ (singular vocative)
στᾰ́χῠε (dual vocative)
στᾰ́χῠες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Stachys

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ste(n)gʰ- (“to stick”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *stinganą, Lithuanian stangus (“fixed, stiff”), Latvian stingt (“to harden”). However, the variant ἄσταχυς (ástakhus) could also suggest a Pre-Greek origin; compare στόνυξ (stónux, “sharp point”) and στόχος (stókhos, “erection of stone”).

inh

Spica, a star in the constellation Virgo


σκόροδον

head

σκόροδον • (skórodon)

Greek: σκόρδο (skórdo)

desc

→ Russian: скорода́ (skorodá), ско́рда (skórda)

→ Ossetian: скъуда (sk’uda), скъода (sk’oda)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲕⲁⲣⲧⲱⲛ (skartōn)

A Mediterranean substrate word of the shape *skʰodoro, found also in Old Armenian խստոր (xstor, “garlic”) and Albanian hudhër (“id”).


ὀρίγανον

grc-noun

ὀρῑ́γᾰνον • (orī́ganon) n (genitive ὀρῑγᾰ́νου); second declension

ὀρῑ́γᾰνον (canonical)
orī́ganon (romanization)
ὀρῑγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ὀρῑ́γᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρῑγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀρῑ́γᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρῑγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρῑγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρῑγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρῑγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρῑγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρῑγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀρῑ́γᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρῑγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀρῑ́γᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀρῑ́γᾰνον (singular vocative)
ὀρῑγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ὀρῑ́γᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: orīganum

Disputed; some sources claim it's from Greek ὄρος (óros) (mountain), and γάνος (gános) (brightness, freshness), while others claim it is Pre-Greek.


ζιγγίβερις

ζιγγίβερῐς • (zingíberis) f (genitive ζιγγῐβέρεως); third declension

ζιγγίβερῐς (canonical)
zingíberis (romanization)
ζιγγῐβέρεως (genitive)
ἡ ζιγγίβερῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς ζιγγιβέρεως (genitive singular)
τῇ ζιγγιβέρει (dative singular)
τὴν ζιγγίβερῐν (accusative singular)
ζιγγίβερῐ (singular vocative)

desc

Greek: ζιγγίβερη f (zingíveri), ζιγγίβερι n (zingíveri), ζίγγιβερ n (zíngiver), ζινζίβεριν n (zinzíverin), ζιντζίβερ n (zintzíver), ζιτζίβερ n (zitzíver), ζιτζίβερι n (zitzíveri), ζιτζίβερις f (zitzíveris)

→ Latin: zingiberi (see there for further descendants)

זַנְגְּבִילָא

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: זַנְגְּבִילָא (zingivila)

→ Hebrew: גִּנְבָּר (ginbār)

Via unattested Middle Iranian from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), which see for comparisons.

Diosc. 2.190


μάραθον

grc-noun

μᾰ́ρᾰθον • (márathon) n (genitive μᾰρᾰ́θου); second declension

μᾰ́ρᾰθον (canonical)
márathon (romanization)
μᾰρᾰ́θου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰρᾰ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰρᾰ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰρᾰ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰρᾰ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰρᾰ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰ́ρᾰθον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰρᾰ́θω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰ́ρᾰθον (singular vocative)
μᾰρᾰ́θω (dual vocative)
μᾰ́ρᾰθᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

The Greek Word Study Tool at Perseus gives μαραθών as the genitive plural

→? Proto-Albanian:

Albanian: maraj

> Greek: μάραθο (máratho) (inherited)

desctree

→ Latin: marathrum, marathum, maratum
>? Romanian: mărar
→? Old Church Slavonic: молотрь (molotrĭ)
>? Dalmatian:
→ Serbo-Croatian: mȍtar (“sea fennel”)

Probably a Pre-Greek loan of foreign origin. Compare Albanian maraj.


σῖτος

grc-noun

σῖτος • (sîtos) m (genitive σῑ́του); second declension

sîtos (romanization)
σῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σῖτος (nominative singular)
τοῦ σῑ́του (genitive singular)
τῷ σῑ́τῳ (dative singular)
τὸν σῖτον (accusative singular)
σῖτε (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ σῖτᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σῑ́των (genitive plural)
τοῖς σῑ́τοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σῖτᾰ (accusative plural)
σῖτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: sito-

Greek: σίτος (sítos)

→ Italian: sito-

Of uncertain origin, though probably of Indo-European origin. Similar words in other languages include Proto-Balto-Slavic *géiˀta (“grain, corn”), Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (“wheat”), Basque zitu (“corn, harvest”), and Sumerian [script needed] (zid, “flour”), which are often taken as donor languages to Greek.
A more recent theory by Janda has explained it as the substantivization of an adjective *σῑτό- (*sītó-, “threshed”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *tih₂-tó- (“struck”), a participle from the newly suggested verbal root *tyeh₂- (“to strike, hit”), which is apparently also seen in Hittite [script needed] (zāḫ-ᶦ, “to hit, beat”). Then σῆμα (sêma, “sign, mark”) (< *tiéh₂-mn (“what is carved”)), σῶμα (sôma, “corpse”) (< *tióh₂-mn (“the killed one”)), and σῑμός (sīmós, “snub-nosed”) (< *tih₂-mó- (“flattened”)) could be related. Beekes is doubtful of Janda's derivation, due to the wide range of supposed meanings within only one language (Greek) and the lack of a direct "strike" meaning within Greek.

cog

grain, corn (in the British sense, encompassing wheat and barley, the cereal grains used by the ancient Greeks)


Ποντικόν κάρυον

head

Ποντικόν κάρυον

Ποντικόν κάρυον • (Pontikón káruon)

desctree

→ Middle Persian: pndk' (*pondik)
Persian: پندک (pondok)
→ Arabic: بُنْدُق (bunduq), فُنْدُق (funduq), بُنْدُوق (bundūq) — archaic, dialectal
Andalusian Arabic: بندق (bunduq)
→ Portuguese: almôndega
→ Ladino: albóndiga
→ Spanish: albóndiga, almóndiga (obsolete or nonstandard)
Chavacano: albóndiga
Hijazi Arabic: بندق (bundug)
→ Amharic: ቡንዱቅ (bunduḳ)
→ Armenian: պնդուկ (pnduk)
→ French: bonduc
→ English: bonduc
→ Ge'ez: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ, “rifle”)
→ Persian: بندق (bondoq), فندق (fondoq, fandoq, “hazelnut”) (see there for further descendants), بندوق (bonduq, “rifle”)
→ Gujarati: બંદૂક (bandūk)
→ Hindi: बन्दूक़ (bandūq), बन्दूक (bandūk)
→ English: bundook
→ Telugu: బందూకు (bandūku)
→ Punjabi: ਬੰਦੂਕ਼ (bandūq), بندوق (bndoq)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بندق (bundûq)
→ Urdu: بندوق (bandūq)
→ Mehri: məndáwḳ (“rifle”)
→ Shehri: məndíḳ
→ Swahili: bunduki (“rifle”) (see there for further descendants)
→ Tigre: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ)
→ Classical Syriac: ܦܢܕܩܐ (pendəqā)
 (possibly)

Latin: nux Pontica (calque)

Ποντικόν (Pontikón, “Pontic”) κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). From the nut's indigenousness and abundance in Pontus, a former Hellenic kingdom in northern Anatolia along the southern shore of the Black Sea.


μῆον

grc-noun

μῆον • (mêon) n (genitive μήου); second declension

mêon (romanization)
μήου (genitive)
τὸ μῆον (nominative singular)
τὼ μήω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῆᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήοις (dative plural)
τὸ μῆον (accusative singular)
τὼ μήω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῆᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆον (singular vocative)
μήω (dual vocative)
μῆᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: مُو (mū)

→ English: meon

→ French: méon, méon athamantique

→ Hebrew: מו (Medieval)

→ Latin: mēum

→ English: meum

→ (perhaps) Middle French: meu

→ English: meu

→ Translingual: Meum, Meum athamanticum

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘ, ܩܝܘܢ

Traditionally derived from μεῖον (meîon, “lesser”) for its small size. However, Furnée compares μαῖον (maîon, “kind of clover”), which would point to Pre-Greek origin.

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.3

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 14.150

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual


ἄλυσσον

ἄλυσσον • (álusson) n (genitive ἀλύσσου); second declension

álusson (romanization)
ἀλύσσου (genitive)

Greek: αλύσσο (alýsso)

→ Arabic: أَلُوسَن (ʔalūsan)

→ Middle Armenian: ալուսան (alusan)

→ Persian: آلوسن (âlusan)

→ Latin: alysson

→ French: alysse, alysson

→ Latin: alyssum

→ English: alyssum

→ Translingual: Alyssum

Usually derived from ἀ- (a-, “privative prefix”) + λύσσα (lússa, “rage”).

affix

Sideritis romana
Wikispecies:Sideritis romana

the name of a certain plant used for curing madness; according to LSJ, specifically madwort (Farsetia clypeata → Fibigia clypeata) and Galen's madwort (Sideritis romana)


κεράτια

grc-noun

κερᾱ́τῐᾰ • (kerā́tia) n pl (genitive κερᾱτῐ́ων); second declension

κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (canonical)
kerā́tia (romanization)
κερᾱτῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κερᾱτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κερᾱτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (plural vocative)


ὄρυζα

ὄρυζᾰ • (óruza) f (genitive ὀρύζης); first declension

ὄρυζᾰ (canonical)
óruza (romanization)
ὀρύζης (genitive)
ἡ ὄρυζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρύζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄρυζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρύζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρύζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρυζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρύζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρύζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρύζαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄρυζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρύζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρύζᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄρυζᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀρύζᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄρυζαι (plural vocative)

Greek: όρυζα (óryza)

desctree

→ Arabic: رُزّ (ruzz), أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz), *رَوْز (*rawz)
Hijazi Arabic: رُز (ruzz)
Maltese: ross, rożż (obsolete)
→? Afar: rúddi (possibly from Amharic)
→ Amharic: ሩዝ (ruz)
→ Middle Armenian: ռուզ (ṙuz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: رز (rüz)
→ Middle Armenian: ըռուզ (əṙuz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ارز (ürüz, erz)
Andalusian Arabic: روز (rawz)
→ Asturian: arroz
→ Old Galician-Portuguese:
Galician: arroz
Portuguese: arroz
→ Kaingang: aronh
→ Old Spanish: arroz
Spanish: arroz
→ Navajo: alóós
→ Ye'kwana: ado
Ladino: arroz
Moroccan Arabic: روز (rūz)
→ Tarifit: aṛṛuẓ
South Levantine Arabic: روز (rōz)

desc

→ Aramaic: אורז (ˀwrz /ˀŏroz/), ארוזא (ˀrwzˀ /ˀurŭzā/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܘܙܐ (ʾōrūzā)

he-l

אורז / אֹרֶז ('órez)

→ Hebrew: אורז / אֹרֶז ('órez)

→ Latin: orīza, oryza, (Late Latin) risus

→ Bulgarian: ориз (oriz)

→ Macedonian: ориз (oriz)

→ Middle High German: rīs

German: Reis

→ Polish: ryż

→ Ukrainian: риж (ryž)

→ Latvian: rīss

→ Middle Low German: rīs

→ Old Norse: rís

Danish: ris

Faroese: rís

Icelandic: hrís

Norwegian Bokmål: ris

Norwegian Nynorsk: ris

Swedish: ris

→ Russian: рис (ris)

→ Italian: riso

→ Old French: ris

French: riz

→ Middle English: rys

English: rice

Tok Pisin: rais

→ Irish: rís

→ Translingual: Oryza

→ Laz: ორზა (orza)

desc

→ Mingrelian: ორზა (orza), ორჷზა (orəza), ორიზა (oriza)

→ Old Armenian: որիզ (oriz)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wrinǰišder.
Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza)
A borrowing from an Eastern Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *wrinǰiš or *wriHǰíš; compare Pashto وريژې pl (wriže). See the Iranian forms listed at Old Persian *vrinjiš, especially those without the nasal infix.


πράσον

grc-noun

πρᾰ́σον • (práson) n (genitive πρᾰ́σου); second declension

πρᾰ́σον (canonical)
práson (romanization)
πρᾰ́σου (genitive)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (accusative plural)
πρᾰ́σον (singular vocative)
πρᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
πρᾰ́σᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: πράσο (práso), πράσσο n (prásso)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پراصه (prasa, pırasa), پراسه (prasa, pırasa)
Turkish: pırasa
→ Armenian: փըրասա (pʻərasa), փըռասա (pʻəṙasa)
→ Middle Armenian: փռասա (pʻṙasa)
→ Ladino: prasa

→ Coptic: ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (plassa)

desc

→ Laz: პრასკჲა (p̌rasǩya), პროსკჲა (p̌rosǩya), პრასა (p̌rasa), პრასკა (p̌rasǩa), პოსკჲა (p̌osǩya), პროსკა (p̌rosǩa), პასქია (p̌askia)

desctree

→ Mingrelian: პურასკია (ṗurasḳia), პურასქია (ṗuraskia)
→ Abkhaz: а-прасқьиа (a-pʼraskja)

→ Old Armenian: պրաս (pras), պրախ (prax), պրասխ (prasx), պարասխ (parasx)
Armenian: պրաս (pras)
Middle Armenian: պռաս (pṙas)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: прасъ (prasŭ), празъ (prazŭ)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: პრასაჲ (ṗrasay)
Georgian: პრასი (ṗrasi), პრასა (ṗrasa)
→ Bats: პრას (ṗras)
→ Ossetian: прасӕ (prasæ), праса (prasa)

→ Romanian: praz

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so- (“leek”), and connected with Latin porrum (“leek”) and Albanian presh. However, Beekes does not rule out a Pre-Greek origin due to its semantic category (vegetable names are usually derived from substrates in Indo-European languages).

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium porrum
Allium porrum#Translingual

leek, Allium ampeloprasum (syn. Allium porrum)


καρδάμωμον

grc-noun

καρδάμωμον • (kardámōmon) n (genitive καρδαμώμου); second declension

kardámōmon (romanization)
καρδαμώμου (genitive)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καρδαμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρδαμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ καρδαμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καρδαμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
καρδάμωμον (singular vocative)
καρδαμώμω (dual vocative)
καρδάμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

Blend of κάρδαμον (kárdamon) + ἄμωμον (ámōmon).


ὕσσωπος

grc-noun

ὕσσωπος • (hússōpos) f (genitive ὑσσώπου); second declension

hússōpos (romanization)
ὑσσώπου (genitive)
ἡ ὕσσωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὕσσωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑσσώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑσσώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑσσώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑσσώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑσσώποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑσσώποις (dative plural)
τὴν ὕσσωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑσσώπους (accusative plural)
ὕσσωπε (singular vocative)
ὑσσώπω (dual vocative)
ὕσσωποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ύσσωπος (ýssopos)

→ Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܣܘܦܘܣ

→ Gothic: 𐌷𐍅𐍃𐍃𐍉𐍀𐍉𐌽 (hwssōpōn)

desctree

→ Latin: hȳsōpum
Medieval Latin: hȳsōpus
→ Catalan: hisop
→ Old French: ysope
French: hysope
→ Italian: issopo
→ Occitan: isòp
→ Portuguese: hissopo
→ Spanish: hisopo
→ Old English: ȳsōpe
Middle English: īsōpe
English: hyssop
→ Czech: yzop
→ Old High German: hysop
Old High German: isopo, isipo
Middle High German: isôpe, ysôpe
German: Isope, Ysope, Ysop
Piedmontese: issòp, isòp
→ Polish: hyzop
→ Slovak: yzop

→ Romanian: isop

→ Russian: иссо́п (issóp)

From some Semitic source. Compare Akkadian 𒍪𒌑𒁍 (/zūpu/), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic אֵיזוֹבָא (ʾēzôḇa), Hebrew אֵזוֹב (ʾēzṓḇ), Classical Syriac ܙܘܦܐ (zōṗā).

cog

Hebrew אֵזוֹב (ʾēzṓḇ)


στοιχάς

grc-noun

στοιχᾰ́ς • (stoikhás) f (genitive στοιχᾰ́δος); third declension

στοιχᾰ́ς (canonical)
stoikhás (romanization)
στοιχᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ στοιχᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ στοιχᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ στοιχᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς στοιχᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στοιχᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στοιχᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ στοιχᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στοιχᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στοιχᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
στοιχᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs stoikhási (dative plural)
taîs stoikhásin (dative plural)
τὴν στοιχᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στοιχᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στοιχᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
στοιχᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
στοιχᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
στοιχᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

desctree

أُسْطُوخُودُوس

→ Arabic: أُسْطُوخُودُوس (ʔusṭūḵūdūs), أُسْطُوخُودُس (ʔusṭūḵūdus), أُسْطُخُودُس (ʔusṭuḵūdus) — rare, أُسْطُوخُوذُوس (ʔusṭūḵūḏūs), أُسْطُوخُوذُس (ʔusṭūḵūḏus)
→ Medieval Latin: sticadus, stichados, astuchudes, astochados, sticados
→ Old Catalan: esticados, asticadus, esticadus
→ Persian: اسطوخودوس (ustuxudus), اسطوخودس (ustuxudos)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: उस्तखुदूस (ustakhudūs)
Urdu: اسطوخودوس (ustūxūdūs)

Orph., Arg. 916

Diosc. 3.31

Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas#Translingual


ζειά

grc-noun

ζειᾱ́ • (zeiā́) f (genitive ζειᾱ́ς); first declension

term-label

(almost always in the plural, Epic, Attic)

ζειᾱ́ (canonical)
zeiā́ (romanization)
ζειᾱ́ς (genitive)
ἡ ζειᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζειᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζειαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ζειᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζειαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζειᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζειαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζειαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ζειᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζειᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζειᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ζειᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ζειᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ζειαί (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: zēa
→ English: zea, ⇒ zein
→ Italian: zea
→ Translingual: Zea

From Proto-Hellenic *dzeyyā́, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”). Compare Persian جو (jow, “barley, rye”).

inh

πὰρ δ’ ἔβαλον ζειάς, ἀνὰ δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἔμειξαν

They threw down spelt, and mixed gray barley with it

pàr d’ ébalon zeiás, anà dè krî leukòn émeixan

ἀπὸ πυρῶν καὶ κριθέων ὧλλοι ζώουσι, Αἰγυπτίων δὲ τῷ ποιευμένῳ ἀπὸ τούτων τὴν ζόην ὄνειδος μέγιστον ἐστί, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ ὀλυρέων ποιεῦνται σιτία, τὰς ζειὰς μετεξέτεροι καλέουσι.
apò purôn kaì krithéōn hôlloi zṓousi, Aiguptíōn dè tôi poieuménōi apò toútōn tḕn zóēn óneidos mégiston estí, allà apò oluréōn poieûntai sitía, tàs zeiàs metexéteroi kaléousi.
1910 translation by George Rawlinson
[O]thers make barley and wheat their food; it is a disgrace to do so in Egypt, where the grain they live on is spelt, which some call ["zeiā́"].

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.36

τὸν δὲ νέον σῖτον ξὺν τῇ καλάμῃ ἀποκείμενον· ἦσαν δὲ ζειαὶ αἱ πλεῖσται.

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.4.27

1890 translation by H. G. Dakyns
[B]ut the new corn was laid up apart with the straw-stalk and ear together, and this was for the most part spelt.

tòn dè néon sîton xùn têi kalámēi apokeímenon; êsan dè zeiaì hai pleîstai.

Triticum monococcum
Triticum monococcum#Translingual

einkorn wheat, Triticum monococcum, used as fodder for horses


εὐνοῦχος

grc-noun

εὐνοῦχος • (eunoûkhos) m (genitive εὐνούχου); second declension

eunoûkhos (romanization)
εὐνούχου (genitive)
ὁ εὐνοῦχος (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐνούχω (dual nominative)
οἱ εὐνοῦχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ εὐνούχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐνούχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνούχων (genitive plural)
τῷ εὐνούχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐνούχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εὐνούχοις (dative plural)
τὸν εὐνοῦχον (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐνούχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς εὐνούχους (accusative plural)
εὐνοῦχε (singular vocative)
εὐνούχω (dual vocative)
εὐνοῦχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ευνούχος (evnoúchos)

→ Latin: eunūchus (see there for further descendants)

Compound of εὐνή (eunḗ, “bed”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “to hold”); literally, someone who takes care of the nuptial chamber, a chamberlain.


σέλινον

grc-noun

σέλῑνον • (sélīnon) n (genitive σελῑ́νου); second declension

σέλῑνον (canonical)
sélīnon (romanization)
σελῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ σέλῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σελῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σέλῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σελῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σελῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ σέλῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σελῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σέλῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
σέλῑνον (singular vocative)
σελῑ́νω (dual vocative)
σέλῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: σέλινο (sélino)
→ Albanian: selino

desc

→ Ge'ez: ሲላን (silan), ሲለን (silän), ስለን (səlän)

Tigre: ሺላን (šilan)

Tigrinya: ሽላን (šəlan)

→? Amharic: ሽላን (šəlan, šəllan)

→ Late Latin: selīnon

→ Catalan: selí

→ French: sélin

Italian: sellero (Probably North Italy)

Ligurian: sélou

Lombard: seller, sèlen; selleri (plural)

→ French: céleri (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: séler, sélen, séleri

→ Romanian: țelină (also influenced by Slavic)

Pre-Greek. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀮𐀪𐀜 (se-ri-no).


πίσος

grc-noun

πῐ́σος • (písos) m (genitive πῐ́σου); second declension

πῐ́σος (canonical)
písos (romanization)
πῐ́σου (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́σος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́σοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́σον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐ́σους (accusative plural)
πῐ́σε (singular vocative)
πῐ́σω (dual vocative)
πῐ́σοι (plural vocative)

A loanword from an unknown source, with some possibilities including Thracian and Phrygian.

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual


ἀσφάραγος

ἀσφάρᾰγος • (aspháragos) m (genitive ἀσφᾰράγου); second declension

ἀσφάρᾰγος (canonical)
aspháragos (romanization)
ἀσφᾰράγου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγε (singular vocative)
ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (plural vocative)

Latin: asparagus (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to jerk, to scatter”) (whence σφαραγέομαι (spharagéomai, “to burst with a noise, teem”)), but Beekes rejects this, citing a Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of the variation "π/φ".

der

Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus officinalis#Translingual


σκάνδιξ

grc-noun

σκάνδῑξ • (skándīx) f (genitive σκάνδῑκος); third declension

σκάνδῑξ (canonical)
skándīx (romanization)
σκάνδῑκος (genitive)
ἡ σκάνδῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκάνδῑκε (dual nominative)
αἱ σκάνδῑκες (nominative plural)
τῆς σκάνδῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκανδῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκανδῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ σκάνδῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκανδῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκάνδῑξῐ (dative plural)
σκάνδῑξῐν (dative plural)
taîs skándīxi (dative plural)
taîs skándīxin (dative plural)
τὴν σκάνδῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκάνδῑκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκάνδῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
σκάνδῑξ (singular vocative)
σκάνδῑκε (dual vocative)
σκάνδῑκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scandix

→ Translingual: Scandix

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual

Venus's comb, shepherd's needle (Scandix pecten-veneris)


κρῆθμον

κρῆθμον • (krêthmon) n (genitive κρήθμου); second declension

krêthmon (romanization)
κρήθμου (genitive)
τὸ κρῆθμον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρήθμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῆθμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρήθμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρήθμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρήθμων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρήθμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρήθμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρήθμοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρῆθμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρήθμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῆθμᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῆθμον (singular vocative)
κρήθμω (dual vocative)
κρῆθμᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: crēthmos

unk

Unknown


δαῦκος

grc-noun

δαῦκος • (daûkos) m (genitive δαύκου); second declension

daûkos (romanization)
δαύκου (genitive)
ὁ δαῦκος (nominative singular)
τὼ δαύκω (dual nominative)
οἱ δαῦκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δαύκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δαύκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δαύκων (genitive plural)
τῷ δαύκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δαύκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δαύκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δαῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ δαύκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δαύκους (accusative plural)
δαῦκε (singular vocative)
δαύκω (dual vocative)
δαῦκοι (plural vocative)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: δαυκίον (daukíon)

Pontic Greek: δαυκίν (dafkín)

→ Arabic: دُوقُو (dūqū)

→ Medieval Latin: ducu

→ Latin: daucum

Has been connected with δαίω (daíō, “to kindle, burn”), because of the burning taste of the root, and with δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”)

The name of several umbelliferous plants


δίκταμνον

δῐ́κτᾰμνον • (díktamnon) n (genitive δῐκτᾰ́μνου); second declension

δῐ́κτᾰμνον (canonical)
díktamnon (romanization)
δῐκτᾰ́μνου (genitive)
τὸ δῐ́κτᾰμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐκτᾰ́μνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐκτᾰ́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐκτᾰ́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐκτᾰ́μνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐκτᾰ́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐκτᾰ́μνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐκτᾰ́μνοις (dative plural)
τὸ δῐ́κτᾰμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐκτᾰ́μνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (accusative plural)
δῐ́κτᾰμνον (singular vocative)
δῐκτᾰ́μνω (dual vocative)
δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: δίκταμο (díktamo)

desctree

→ Latin: dictamnum, dictamnus
Catalan: gitam
Old French: ditan
→ English: dittany
Italian: dittamo
Translingual: Dictamnus

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, or from Δίκτη (Díktē) (the name of a mountain of Crete).


μίνθη

grc-noun

μίνθη • (mínthē) f (genitive μίνθης); first declension

mínthē (romanization)
μίνθης (genitive)
ἡ μίνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μίνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μίνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μινθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μίνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μίνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μίνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μίνθᾱς (accusative plural)
μίνθη (singular vocative)
μίνθᾱ (dual vocative)
μίνθαι (plural vocative)

q

perhaps via unattested <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">*μένθα</i> (*méntha)

→? Latin: menta, mentha, mintha (perhaps via unattested *μένθα (*méntha)) (see there for further descendants)

→ Laz: მინთა (minta)

→ Mingrelian: *მინთა (*minta) (see there for further descendants)

A foreign substrate word, like Latin menta (“mint”). It is undoubtedly Pre-Greek, because of the variant ending in ”-ᾰ” and the -νθ- cluster, see ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). See Armenian մանդակ (mandak) for more. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀖𐀲 (mi-ta).


ἀκοστή

grc-noun

ἀκοστή • (akostḗ) f (genitive ἀκοστῆς); first declension

akostḗ (romanization)
ἀκοστῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκοστή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκοστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκοσταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκοστῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκοσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκοστῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκοστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκοσταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκοσταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκοστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκοστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκοστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκοστή (singular vocative)
ἀκοστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκοσταί (plural vocative)

Unknown, maybe substrate. Compare perhaps Proto-Slavic *(j)ęčьmy (“barley”). Beekes rejects a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”) (cf. in particular Latin acus (“bran, awn”), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ahana, “awn, chaff”), Proto-West Germanic *agil (“awn”)), suggesting instead a foreign origin.
See also ἄχυρον (ákhuron, “chaff, bran; debris, slag”), traditionally linked to the above but now understood to be Pre-Greek.

noncog

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 106


ὄλυρα

grc-noun

ὄλῡρᾰ • (ólūra) f (genitive ὀλῡ́ρης); first declension

ὄλῡρᾰ (canonical)
ólūra (romanization)
ὀλῡ́ρης (genitive)
ἡ ὄλῡρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄλῡραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀλῡ́ρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀλῡ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀλῡρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀλῡ́ρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀλῡ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀλῡ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄλῡρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀλῡ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄλῡρᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄλῡραι (plural vocative)

Latin: olȳra

Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, compare likely cognate Old Armenian ոլոռն (oloṙn); for more see Arabic خُلَّر (ḵullar).


μελίνη

μελίνη • (melínē) f (genitive μελίνης); first declension

melínē (romanization)
μελίνης (genitive)
ἡ μελίνη (nominative singular)
τὼ μελίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μελίναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μελίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μελίνην (accusative singular)
τὼ μελίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μελίνη (singular vocative)
μελίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μελίναι (plural vocative)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), tha same source of Latin milium (“millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”).

der

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


πετροσέλινον

grc-noun

πετροσέλῑνον

πετροσελίνου

πετροσέλῑνον • (petrosélīnon) n (genitive πετροσελίνου); second declension

πετροσέλῑνον (canonical)
petrosélīnon (romanization)
πετροσελίνου (genitive)
τὸ πετροσέλῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ πετροσελῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πετροσέλῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πετροσελῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πετροσελῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πετροσελῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ πετροσελῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πετροσελῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πετροσελῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ πετροσέλῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πετροσελῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πετροσέλῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
πετροσέλῑνον (singular vocative)
πετροσελῑ́νω (dual vocative)
πετροσέλῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πετροσέλῑνον

πετροσελίνου

Latin: petroselīnum (see there for further descendants)

From πέτρος (pétros, “rock”) + σέλινον (sélinon, “celery”). So called because of being used to treat calculi.


κέγχρος

grc-noun

κέγχρος • (kénkhros) m (genitive κέγχρου); second declension

kénkhros (romanization)
κέγχρου (genitive)
ὁ κέγχρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέγχρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέγχροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέγχρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέγχροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέγχρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέγχρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέγχροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέγχροις (dative plural)
τὸν κέγχρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέγχρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κέγχρους (accusative plural)
κέγχρε (singular vocative)
κέγχρω (dual vocative)
κέγχροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κεχρί (kechrí)

→ Translingual: Cenchrus

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰénkʰros, mostly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-gʰ-r-o- (“pulverized”), reduplicated from the root *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”) with dissimilation r…r > n…r, and further connected with Ancient Greek χερμάς (khermás), χεράς (kherás, “pebble, gravel”), but the etymology remains unclear. Per Beekes, this and similar words may be of Pre-Greek origin.

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

anything in small grains
speck, sty in the eye


βρίζα

βρίζᾰ • (bríza) f (genitive βρίζης); first declension

βρίζᾰ (canonical)
bríza (romanization)
βρίζης (genitive)
ἡ βρῐ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῐ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βρῐ́ζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βρῐ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῐ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῐζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βρῐ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῐ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βρῐ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν βρῐ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῐ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βρῐ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
βρῐ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)
βρῐ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
βρῐ́ζαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Briza

From Thracian *briza (“spelt, rye”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *breǵʰ-, related to Norwegian brok (“kind of grass”), or related to Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi, “grain, rice”), ὄρυζα (óruza, “rice”), but this is less likely.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale#Translingual

rye (Secale cereale) in Thrace and Macedonia

bg:Иван Дуриданов


νάρθηξ

νᾰ́ρθηξ • (nárthēx) m (genitive νᾰ́ρθηκος); third declension

νᾰ́ρθηξ (canonical)
nárthēx (romanization)
νᾰ́ρθηκος (genitive)
ὁ νᾰ́ρθηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρθηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ νᾰ́ρθηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ νᾰ́ρθηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νᾰρθήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νᾰρθήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ νᾰ́ρθηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νᾰρθήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νᾰ́ρθηξῐ (dative plural)
νᾰ́ρθηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs nárthēxi (dative plural)
toîs nárthēxin (dative plural)
τὸν νᾰ́ρθηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρθηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς νᾰ́ρθηκᾰς (accusative plural)
νᾰ́ρθηξ (singular vocative)
νᾰ́ρθηκε (dual vocative)
νᾰ́ρθηκες (plural vocative)

Greek: νάρθηκας (nárthikas)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Literary Aramaic: נַרְתֵּקָא (nartēqā), נַרְתֵּיקָא (nartēqā)

Classical Syriac: ܢܰܪܬܺܝܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܪܬܺܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܐܪܬܺܝܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܐܪܬܺܝܟܘܣ (nartikos)

→ Late Babylonian: 𒈾𒀾𒌇 (na-áš-tuq /naštūq/, “money pouch of leather”)

→ English: narthex

→ Hebrew: נַרְתִּיק (nartīq), נַרְתֵּיק (nartēq), נַרְתֵּק (nartēq)

→ Italian: nartece

→ Translingual: Narthex

According to Beekes, the presence of a variant and the ending in -ξ (-x) indicate a Pre-Greek origin.

Ferula communis
Ferula communis#Translingual


ὤκιμον

grc-noun

ὤκῐμον • (ṓkimon) n (genitive ὠκῐ́μου); second declension

ὤκῐμον (canonical)
ṓkimon (romanization)
ὠκῐ́μου (genitive)
τὸ ὤκῐμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠκῐ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὤκῐμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠκῐ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠκῐ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠκῐ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠκῐ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠκῐ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠκῐ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὤκῐμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠκῐ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὤκῐμᾰ (accusative plural)
ὤκῐμον (singular vocative)
ὠκῐ́μω (dual vocative)
ὤκῐμᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ōcimus

→ Translingual: Ocimum

Natively connected with ἀκή (akḗ) and ἄκαινα (ákaina) from a root related to sharpness, but this does not explain the initial ὤ-. According to Beekes, the presence of similar words ἄκινος (ákinos, “wild basil”) and ὤκινον (ṓkinon, “clover”) shows Pre-Greek origin. Löw and Nöldeke explain with a borrowing from Aramaic, retained in Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”).

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


σίσαρον

σίσᾰρον • (sísaron) n (genitive σῐσάρου); second declension

σίσᾰρον (canonical)
sísaron (romanization)
σῐσάρου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́σᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐσᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐσᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐσᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐσᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐσᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐσᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐσᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́σᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐσᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́σᾰρον (singular vocative)
σῐσᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: siser

According to Beekes, the etymology is still unclear. The word recalls ἄσαρον (ásaron, “hazelwort”) and ἡδύσαρον (hēdúsaron, “axe-weed”).

unk

unclear

Pastinaca sativa
Pastinaca sativa#Translingual


βρόμος

grc-noun

βρόμος • (brómos) m (genitive βρόμου); second declension

brómos (romanization)
βρόμου (genitive)
ὁ βρόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρόμους (accusative plural)
βρόμε (singular vocative)
βρόμω (dual vocative)
βρόμοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Bromus

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, based on the alternating ρο/ορ vocalism.


σέσελις

σέσελῐς • (séselis) f (genitive σεσέλεως); third declension

σέσελῐς (canonical)
séselis (romanization)
σεσέλεως (genitive)
ἡ σέσελῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σεσέλει (dual nominative)
αἱ σεσέλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σεσέλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεσελέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεσέλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σεσέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν σεσελέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σεσέλεσῐ (dative plural)
σεσέλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sesélesi (dative plural)
taîs sesélesin (dative plural)
τὴν σέσελῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σεσέλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σεσέλεις (accusative plural)
σέσελῐ (singular vocative)
σεσέλει (dual vocative)
σεσέλεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: seselis

According to Pedanius Dioscorides, from Egyptian


σισύμβριον

σῐσύμβρῐον • (sisúmbrion) n (genitive σῐσυμβρίου); second declension

σῐσύμβρῐον (canonical)
sisúmbrion (romanization)
σῐσυμβρίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐσύμβρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐσυμβρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐσυμβρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐσυμβρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐσυμβρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐσυμβρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐσυμβρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐσύμβρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐσύμβρῐον (singular vocative)
σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sisymbrium

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (sysymbl), [script needed] (sysynbl /sīsīmbar/)

Persian: سوسنبر (susanbar)

→ Translingual: Sisymbrium

Nasturtium officinale
Nasturtium officinale#Translingual


τόρδυλον

grc-noun

τόρδῡλον • (tórdūlon) n (genitive τορδῡ́λου); second declension

τόρδῡλον (canonical)
tórdūlon (romanization)
τορδῡ́λου (genitive)
τὸ τόρδῡλον (nominative singular)
τὼ τορδῡ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τόρδῡλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τορδῡ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τορδῡ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τορδῡ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ τορδῡ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τορδῡ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τορδῡ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ τόρδῡλον (accusative singular)
τὼ τορδῡ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τόρδῡλᾰ (accusative plural)
τόρδῡλον (singular vocative)
τορδῡ́λω (dual vocative)
τόρδῡλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: tordȳlion

unk

unknown


ζωπύρα

grc-noun

ζωπύρᾱ • (zōpúrā) f (genitive ζωπύρᾱς); first declension

ζωπύρᾱ (canonical)
zōpúrā (romanization)
ζωπύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ζωπύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζωπύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζωπύραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ζωπύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζωπύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζωπυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζωπύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζωπύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζωπύραις (dative plural)
τὴν ζωπύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζωπύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζωπύρᾱς (accusative plural)
ζωπύρᾱ (singular vocative)
ζωπύρᾱ (dual vocative)
ζωπύραι (plural vocative)


σίον

σίον • (síon) n (genitive σίου); second declension

síon (romanization)
σίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ον (singular vocative)
σῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Sium

unk

unexplained


κάχρυς

grc-noun

κάχρῠς • (kákhrus) f (genitive κάχρῠος); third declension

κάχρῠς (canonical)
kákhrus (romanization)
κάχρῠος (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́χρῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́χρῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́χρῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́χρῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰχρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰχρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́χρῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
κᾰ́χρυι (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰχρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́χρῠσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kákhrusi (dative plural)
taîs kákhrusin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́χρῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́χρῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́χρῡς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́χρῠε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́χρῠες (plural vocative)

The word has been connected with κέγχρος (kénkhros, “millet”), but the meaning of this noun rather points towards a connection with κάγκανος (kánkanos, “arid, barren”). Probably of Pre-Greek origin.


αἴθουσα

αἴθουσᾰ • (aíthousa) f (genitive αἰθούσης); first declension

αἴθουσᾰ (canonical)
aíthousa (romanization)
αἰθούσης (genitive)
ἡ αἴθουσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰθούσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴθουσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰθούσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθούσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθουσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰθούσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθούσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰθούσαις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴθουσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰθούσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰθούσᾱς (accusative plural)
αἴθουσᾰ (singular vocative)
αἰθούσᾱ (dual vocative)
αἴθουσαι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: αίθουσα (aíthousa)

→ Translingual: Aethusa

Traditionally explained as a derivation from αἴθω (aíthō, “to glow”) but this is a folk etymology. The word is more likely from Pre-Greek (albeit with semantic reinforcement from the folk etymology), due to the likely-related αἴδῶσσα (aídôssa, “the walls of a court of hall”) demonstrating significant consonantal variation, as well as the variant αἴθουσσα (aíthoussa) showing σ/σσ variation.

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual


σφάκος

σφάκος • (sphákos) m (genitive σφάκου); second declension

sphákos (romanization)
σφάκου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́κοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́κον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰ́κους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́κε (singular vocative)
σφᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́κοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sphacos

Of unclear origin. According to Furnée, of Pre-Greek origin and related to σφάγνος (sphágnos, “kind of bush”) and φάσκον (pháskon, “moss”).


ἄμι

ἄμῐ • (ámi) n (genitive ἄμεως); third declension

ἄμῐ (canonical)
ámi (romanization)
ἄμεως (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́μῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́μη (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́μεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́μεων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́μει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́μεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ámesi (dative plural)
toîs ámesin (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́μῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́μη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́μῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́μει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́μη (plural vocative)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: ami

Translingual: Ammi

Hemmerdinger proposes a derivation from Egyptian ꜥmꜣw (“a kind of medicinal plant”), but, as both the reading and the meaning of that word are uncertain, its status as an etymon is highly questionable.

bor

Visnaga daucoides
Visnaga daucoides#Translingual

bisnaga (Visnaga daucoides, syn. Ammi visnaga)


σφάγνος

grc-noun

σφάγνος • (sphágnos) m (genitive σφάγνου); second declension

sphágnos (romanization)
σφάγνου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́γνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́γνω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́γνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰ́γνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́γνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰ́γνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰ́γνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́γνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰ́γνοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́γνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́γνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰ́γνους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́γνε (singular vocative)
σφᾰ́γνω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́γνοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Sphagnum

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, together with σφάκος (sphákos) and φάσκον (pháskon).


ἄπιον

ἄπῐον • (ápion) n (genitive ἀπίου); second declension

ἄπῐον (canonical)
ápion (romanization)
ἀπίου (genitive)
τὸ ἄπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄπῐον (singular vocative)
ἀπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἄπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Related to Latin pirum (“pear”) and considered to be a Mediterranean substrate loanword of the form *(V)pis-.


νικύλεον

νικύλεον • (nikúleon) n (genitive νικυλέου); second declension

nikúleon (romanization)
νικυλέου (genitive)
τὸ νικύλεον (nominative singular)
τὼ νικυλέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νικύλεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νικυλέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νικυλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νικυλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ νικυλέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νικυλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νικυλέοις (dative plural)
τὸ νικύλεον (accusative singular)
τὼ νικυλέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νικύλεᾰ (accusative plural)
νικύλεον (singular vocative)
νικυλέω (dual vocative)
νικύλεᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Neumann, from Pre-Greek. He connects it with the Linear B sign 𐀛 (ni), which looks like the branch of a fig-tree. In a later article, he further connects Egyptian nḳꜤ.wt (“figs”).

Ἑρμῶναξ δ’ ἐν Γλώτταις Κρητικαῖς σύκων γένη ἀναγράφει ἁμάδεα καὶ νικύλεα.
Hermônax d’ en Glṓttais Krētikaîs súkōn génē anagráphei hamádea kaì nikúlea.

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3.76f

Hermonax in his 'Cretan Languages' lists as species of figs the hamadea and the nikulea.


κώνειον

κώνειον • (kṓneion) n (genitive κωνείου); second declension

kṓneion (romanization)
κωνείου (genitive)
τὸ κώνειον (nominative singular)
τὼ κωνείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κώνειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωνείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωνείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωνείων (genitive plural)
τῷ κωνείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωνείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωνείοις (dative plural)
τὸ κώνειον (accusative singular)
τὼ κωνείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κώνειᾰ (accusative plural)
κώνειον (singular vocative)
κωνείω (dual vocative)
κώνειᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܢܝܘܢ (qōnyon)

→ Latin: cōnium

→ Old Georgian: კონიონი (ḳonioni)

From κόνις (kónis, “dust”) + -ειον (-eion). This reference to dust is often used figuratively in contexts involving deadly exertion, such as fights to the death. The suffix, which forms nouns indicating a place or tool, suggests that poison hemlock is the agent or setting of dire struggle, leading those who consume it to metaphorically bite the dust. This is distinct from the variant suffixes -αιον (-aion) and -ιον (-ion) and should not be confused with -εῖον (-eîon).
Historically, the plant was ground into a powder and used to carry out death sentences, notably through the 'hemlock cup' or 'poisoned cup,' as detailed in German Wikipedia about its preparation and use. Poison hemlock's association with ἀκόνιτον (akóniton) arises from their frequent confusion outside their native ranges, where both plants are infamous for their lethal properties.


βαλλωτή

βᾰλλωτή • (ballōtḗ) f (genitive βᾰλλωτῆς); first declension

βᾰλλωτή (canonical)
ballōtḗ (romanization)
βᾰλλωτῆς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰλλωτή (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰλλωταί (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλλωτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλωταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλλωτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλλωτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλωταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλλωταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰλλωτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλλωτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βᾰλλωτή (singular vocative)
βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βᾰλλωταί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ballotē

→ Translingual: Ballota

According to Beekes, it's probably from Pre-Greek and all related to βαλαύστιον (balaústion, “flower of the pomegranate”), βάλαρις (bálaris) and βάλλις (bállis).


μαγύδαρις

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς • (magú̄daris) f (genitive μᾰγῡδάρεως); third declension

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς (canonical)
magú̄daris (romanization)
μᾰγῡδάρεως (genitive)
ἡ μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs magūdáresi (dative plural)
taîs magūdáresin (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (accusative plural)
μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: magūdaris

→ Translingual: Magydaris

unk

unknown


βούπρηστις

grc-noun

βουπρήστῐδος

βούπρηστῐς • (boúprēstis) f (genitive βουπρήστῐδος); third declension

βούπρηστῐς (canonical)
boúprēstis (romanization)
βουπρήστῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βούπρηστῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βουπρήστῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βουπρήστῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουπρηστῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βουπρήστῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βουπρήστῐσῐ (dative plural)
βουπρήστῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstisi (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstisin (dative plural)
τὴν βουπρήστῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουπρήστῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βούπρηστῐς (singular vocative)
βουπρήστῐδε (dual vocative)
βουπρήστῐδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βουπρήστῐδος

Latin: būprēstis

Translingual: Buprestis

From βοῦς (boûs, “cow”) and the stem of the verb πρήθω (prḗthō) or πίμπρημι (pímprēmi, “I burn, inflame, inflate”)


ἔλυμος

grc-noun

ἔλῠμος • (élumos) m (genitive ἐλῠ́μου); second declension

ἔλῠμος (canonical)
élumos (romanization)
ἐλῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ ἔλῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλῠ́μους (accusative plural)
ἔλῠμε (singular vocative)
ἐλῠ́μω (dual vocative)
ἔλῠμοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. There appears no reason for connection with εἰλύω (eilúō).


ὅρμινον

ὅρμῑνον • (hórmīnon) n (genitive ὁρμῑ́νου); second declension

ὅρμῑνον (canonical)
hórmīnon (romanization)
ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁρμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁρμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ὅρμῑνον (singular vocative)
ὁρμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ὅρμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: horminum
Catalan: ormí

→ Translingual: Horminum

The formation is like σέλινον (sélinon) and κύμινον (kúminon). It has originally been connected with ὅρμος (hórmos) and ὁρμή (hormḗ), but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


ἀμάρακον

ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον • (amā́rakon) n (genitive ἀμᾱράκου); second declension

ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (canonical)
amā́rakon (romanization)
ἀμᾱράκου (genitive)
τὸ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (singular vocative)
ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: amāracus

The word has been connected with Ancient Macedonian ἀβαρύ (abarú, “oregano, marjoram”). If this is accepted, the variation μ/β points to a Pre-Greek origin, which is probable anyhow. According to Beekes, the connection with Sanskrit मरुवक (maruvaka, “marjoram”) must be wrong.

cog

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


κεράσιον

grc-noun

κερᾰ́σῐον • (kerásion) n (genitive κερᾰσῐ́ου); second declension

κερᾰ́σῐον (canonical)
kerásion (romanization)
κερᾰσῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κερᾰ́σῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κερᾰ́σῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾰ́σῐον (singular vocative)
κερᾰσῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (plural vocative)


ἄμωμον

ἄμωμον • (ámōmon) n (genitive ἀμώμου); second declension

ámōmon (romanization)
ἀμώμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄμωμον (singular vocative)
ἀμώμω (dual vocative)
ἄμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: amōmum
Catalan: amom
French: amome
Galician: amomo
Italian: amomo
Portuguese: amomo
Spanish: amomo
Translingual: Amomum
→ English: amomum

An Oriental loanword of lost provenience, also found as Classical Syriac ܚܡܵܡܵܐ (ḥəmāmā) → Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā).

cog

Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā)


ῥόα

grc-noun

ῥόα • (rhóa) f (genitive ῥόᾱς); first declension

rhóa (romanization)
ῥόᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥόᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥόαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥόᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥοῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥόᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥόαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥόᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥόᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥόᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥόᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥόαι (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”), because of the richness of the juice, with hypothetical original form *ῥοϝ-ιά (*rhow-iá). However, a Pre-Greek origin remains a serious option for this word. Phonetically, the variation in the series ῥοιή : ῥοιά: ῥόα can be compared with that seen in χροιή : χροιά (khroiá, “skin”) : χρόα.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


ἦλον

ἦλον • (êlon) n (genitive ἤλου); second declension

êlon (romanization)
ἤλου (genitive)
τὸ ἦλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἤλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἦλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦλον (singular vocative)
ἤλω (dual vocative)
ἦλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unexplained, but probably related to μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).

unk

Unexplained


βράβυλον

grc-noun

βρᾰ́βῠλον • (brábulon) n (genitive βρᾰβῠ́λου); second declension

βρᾰ́βῠλον (canonical)
brábulon (romanization)
βρᾰβῠ́λου (genitive)
τὸ βρᾰ́βῠλον (nominative singular)
τὼ βρᾰβῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρᾰβῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρᾰβῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρᾰβῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρᾰβῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρᾰβῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρᾰβῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ βρᾰ́βῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρᾰβῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (accusative plural)
βρᾰ́βῠλον (singular vocative)
βρᾰβῠ́λω (dual vocative)
βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown, but maybe a loanword from Pre-Greek.

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual


θύμον

θύμον • (thúmon) n (genitive θύμου); second declension

thúmon (romanization)
θύμου (genitive)
τὸ θῠ́μον (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ θῠ́μον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (accusative plural)
θῠ́μον (singular vocative)
θῠ́μω (dual vocative)
θῠ́μᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: θυμάρι (thymári)

→ Latin: thymum

From θύω (thúō, “to smoke”). Beekes suggests that this is "doubtful" and that "[a]s a local plant name, the word is liable to be of Pre-Greek origin".


ἤρυγγος

ἤρυγγος • (ḗrungos) f (genitive ἠρύγγου); second declension

ḗrungos (romanization)
ἠρύγγου (genitive)
ἡ ἤρυγγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠρύγγω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἤρυγγοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἠρύγγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠρύγγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠρύγγων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἠρύγγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠρύγγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἠρύγγοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἤρυγγον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠρύγγω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἠρύγγους (accusative plural)
ἤρυγγε (singular vocative)
ἠρύγγω (dual vocative)
ἤρυγγοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to εἴλιγγος (eílingos) and πίσυγγος (písungos). According to Strömberg, it derives from ἔαρ (éar, “spring”). However, Beekes is sure of the Pre-Greek origin of the word. Compare also the synonymous Middle Armenian երնջնակ (ernǰnak).


τεῦτλον

τεῦτλον • (teûtlon) n (genitive τεύτλου); second declension

teûtlon (romanization)
τεύτλου (genitive)
τὸ τεῦτλον (nominative singular)
τὼ τεύτλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τεῦτλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τεύτλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεύτλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεύτλων (genitive plural)
τῷ τεύτλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεύτλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τεύτλοις (dative plural)
τὸ τεῦτλον (accusative singular)
τὼ τεύτλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τεῦτλᾰ (accusative plural)
τεῦτλον (singular vocative)
τεύτλω (dual vocative)
τεῦτλᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: σεύτελον (séftelon) (inherited)
→ Turkish: seftila — Rize

→ Greek: τεύτλο (téftlo) (learned)

desc

→ Laz: მსუტულჲა (msuťulya, “Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla”), სუტულჲა (suťulya) — Atina, Borghola, მსუტოლჲა (msuťolya) — Vizha, Artasheni, სუტოლჲა (suťolya) — Okordule, სოტოლია (soťolia), სოტელია (soťelia), სოტულია (soťulia), მსუტულია (msuťulia), მსუტელია (msuťelia), ფსუტულია (psuťulia) — Khopa, მსოტოლჲა (msoťolya) — Batumi

→ Mingrelian: სოტელია (soṭelia, “Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla”), ფსოტელია (psoṭelia), სოტელი (soṭeli), სოტოლია (soṭolia), სოტეია (soṭeia) — Martvili–Bandza

According to Frisk, the interchange "τ-/σ-" may represent an artificial Atticism or Ionicism. However, it may instead be a Pre-Greek variation.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual


κισσός

grc-noun

κισσός • (kissós) m (genitive κισσοῦ); second declension

kissós (romanization)
κισσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κισσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κισσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κισσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κισσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κισσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κισσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κισσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κισσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κισσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κισσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κισσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κισσούς (accusative plural)
κισσέ (singular vocative)
κισσώ (dual vocative)
κισσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: κισσός (kissós)

desctree

→ Arabic: قِسُّوس (qissūs)
→ Old Spanish: caçuz (not to be confused with descendants of عِرْق السُوس (ʕirq as-sūs))

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek. Furnée compares κιθάρα (kithára), in the sense of "ivy".


σαγάπηνον

grc-noun

σᾰγάπηνον • (sagápēnon) n (genitive σᾰγαπήνου); second declension

σᾰγάπηνον (canonical)
sagápēnon (romanization)
σᾰγαπήνου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰγαπήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγαπήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰγαπήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰγαπήνοις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰγάπηνον (singular vocative)
σᾰγαπήνω (dual vocative)
σᾰγάπηνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sagapēnum

From Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Middle Persian [Term?], whence سکبینه (sakbine).

sagapenum, the gum produced by this plant


θύμβρα

θύμβρᾱ • (thúmbrā) f (genitive θύμβρᾱς); first declension

θύμβρᾱ (canonical)
thúmbrā (romanization)
θύμβρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θύμβρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θύμβρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θύμβραι (nominative plural)
τῆς θύμβρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θύμβραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυμβρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θύμβρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θύμβραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θύμβραις (dative plural)
τὴν θύμβρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θύμβρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θύμβρᾱς (accusative plural)
θύμβρᾱ (singular vocative)
θύμβρᾱ (dual vocative)
θύμβραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: thymbra

→ Albanian: trumzë

Hardly derived from θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”), in which case the "-β-" could be epenthetic between "μ" and "ρ". Persson proposed a derivation from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”) in "-ρ-", with nasalization and deaspiration; this is most improbable, unless the word is Pre-Greek. Niedermann recalls Anatolian Θύμβριον (Thúmbrion) and on the other hand Τυμφρηστός (Tumphrēstós). Probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the metathesized form.


ἐρίφιον

ἐρίφῐον • (eríphion) n (genitive ἐρῐφῐ́ου); second declension

ἐρίφῐον (canonical)
eríphion (romanization)
ἐρῐφῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῐ́φῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐφῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῐφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐφῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῐφῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῐφῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐφῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῐφῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῐ́φῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐφῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῐ́φῐον (singular vocative)
ἐρῐφῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἔριφος (ériphos, “young goat, kid”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Rubus caesius
Rubus caesius#Translingual


ἄκινος

grc-noun

ἄκῐνος • (ákinos) m (genitive ἀκῐ́νου); second declension

ἄκῐνος (canonical)
ákinos (romanization)
ἀκῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἄκῐνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄκῐνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄκῐνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκῐ́νους (accusative plural)
ἄκῐνε (singular vocative)
ἀκῐ́νω (dual vocative)
ἄκῐνοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Acinos

The vowel interchange, though rare, may point to a Pre-Greek word.


δενδρολίβανον

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον

δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον • (dendrolíbanon) n (genitive δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου); second declension

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (canonical)
dendrolíbanon (romanization)
δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (singular vocative)
δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον

desc

δενδρολίβανο

Greek: δενδρολίβανο (dendrolívano)

From δένδρον (déndron, “tree”) + λίβανος (líbanos, “frankincense”).

compound

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)


ἔντυβον

grc-noun

ἔντῠβον • (éntubon) n (genitive ἐντῠ́βου); second declension

ἔντῠβον (canonical)
éntubon (romanization)
ἐντῠ́βου (genitive)
τὸ ἔντῠβον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐντῠ́βω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔντῠβᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐντῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐντῠ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐντῠ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐντῠ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐντῠ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐντῠ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔντῠβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐντῠ́βω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔντῠβᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔντῠβον (singular vocative)
ἐντῠ́βω (dual vocative)
ἔντῠβᾰ (plural vocative)

From Latin intibus (“endive”), itself probably from a Semitic source.

Cichorium endivia
Cichorium endivia#Translingual