κοχλίας

grc-noun

κοχλῐ́ᾱς • (kokhlĭ́ās) m (genitive κοχλίου); first declension

κοχλῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
kokhlĭ́ās (romanization)
κοχλίου (genitive)
ὁ κοχλῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κοχλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοχλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοχλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κοχλῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοχλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοχλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν κοχλῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κοχλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοχλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κοχλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κοχλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: κοχλίας (kochlías)

→ Latin: coclea

From κόχλος (kókhlos, “shellfish with a spiral shell”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-ĭ́ās, nominal suffix).

af

anything twisted spirally:
screw, especially Archimedes screw


ἀράχνη

grc-noun

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη • (ărắkhnē) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης); first declension

ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (canonical)
ărắkhnē (romanization)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓ρᾰχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνᾱ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χναι (plural vocative)

> Greek: αράχνη (aráchni) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: αράχνα (aráchna), ’ράχνα (’ráchna), ’ράχνα̤ (’ráchnä), αράνα (arána) (inherited)
→ Laz: რახნა (raxna)
→ Turkish: arahna, araḫana, rağna, rahna, raḫna

desc

> Tsakonian: αράχνα (aráchna), αράχλα (aráchla) (inherited)

→? Latin: arānea

desctree

⇒ Translingual: Arachnida
⇒ English: arachnoid
→ French: arachnide
→ English: arachnid

Pre-Greek origin, although related to Latin arānea. Whether it is the source of the Latin term or they both originated from a different common source is unclear. Basque armiarma and Basque aramu possibly may be distantly related to the substrate.

497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 286

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (ărắkhnēs).
spider web

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (ărắkhnēs).
cow parsnip

Feminine form of ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνης (ărắkhnēs).
A kind of sundial (mollusc).


λαγώς

grc-noun

λᾰγώς • (lăgṓs) m (genitive λᾰγώ); second declension

λᾰγώς (canonical)
lăgṓs (romanization)
λᾰγώ (genitive)
ὁ λᾰγώς (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰγώ (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰγῴ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰγώ (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῴν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰγών (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰγῴ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰγῴν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰγῴς (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰγώ (accusative singular)
λᾰγών (accusative singular)
tòn lăgṓ (accusative singular)
tòn lăgṓn (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰγώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰγώς (accusative plural)
λᾰγώς (singular vocative)
λᾰγώ (dual vocative)
λᾰγῴ (plural vocative)

Greek: λαγός (lagós)

Persian: لاغوس (lâğus) (obsolete)

English: lagomorph

Translingual: Lagos, Lagurus

From *λαγοωυσός (*lagoōusós, “with flabby ears”), from *λαγο- (*lago-) (possibly the same root as English slack) and οὖς (oûs). Typologically compare Ossetian тӕрхъус (tærqus, “hare”, literally “long-ear”).

cog

sea hare (gastropod of the genus Aplysia)


πορφύρα

grc-noun

πορφῠ́ρᾱ • (porphŭ́rā) f (genitive πορφῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

πορφῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
porphŭ́rā (romanization)
πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πορφῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορφῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πορφῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πορφῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν πορφῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
πορφῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

Greek: πορφύρα (porfýra)

→ Latin: purpura (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Porphyra

Traditionally derived from πορφύρω (porphúrō, “I redden”), itself related to φύρω (phúrō, “I mix”), Hittite 𒁍𒊒𒌓 (purut, “mud, soil”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhuráti, “have convulsions, sprawl”). However, Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the absence of connections in other Indo-European languages.


κῆρυξ

grc-noun

κῆρῠξ • (kêrŭx) m (genitive κήρῡκος); third declension

κῆρῠξ (canonical)
kêrŭx (romanization)
κήρῡκος (genitive)
ὁ κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxĭ (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)
κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dual genitive)
κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dative dual)
κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
kḗrūxĭ (dative plural)
kḗrūxĭn (dative plural)
kērū́kessĭ (dative plural)
kērū́kessĭn (dative plural)
kērū́kesĭ (dative plural)
kērū́kesĭn (dative plural)
κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)

By the long -ύ- and enlarged -κ-, suggested by Beekes to be a Pre-Greek word, but for Bernal this is from Egyptian qꜣ ḫrw (“loud voice”), both rejecting the frequent comparison to Sanskrit कारु (kāru, “singer, poet”).


νηρίτης

νηρῑ́της • (nērī́tēs) m (genitive νηρῑ́του); first declension

νηρῑ́της (canonical)
nērī́tēs (romanization)
νηρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ νηρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ νηρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νηρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν νηρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νηρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
νηρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
νηρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: nārīta (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Nerita

The connection with νηρόν (nērón, “water”) is refuted by the forms with the vocalic anlaut “α-”. Furnée takes this initial variation as evidence for a Pre-Greek origin. Plevačová draws the term to Finnish nieriä (“saibling”) – which see for more relatives –, downplaying the semantic difference by noting that both are longish sea creatures caught in a fisher’s net and the contexts in which the Greek and Latin are attested may as well point to a fish.


ἀχραδαμύλα

head

ἀχραδαμύλα • (akhradamúla)

According to Beekes, the variation οι/υ proves a Pre-Greek etymology, as well as the well-known Pre-Greek suffix "-μυλα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: κόχλιας (kókhlias, “snail with spiral shell”), as they say in Tarentum.


σέσιλος

grc-noun

σέσῑλος • (sésīlos) m (genitive σεσῑ́λου); second declension

σέσῑλος (canonical)
sésīlos (romanization)
σεσῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ σέσῑλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σέσῑλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σεσῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεσῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σεσῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σεσῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σεσῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σέσῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σεσῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σεσῑ́λους (accusative plural)
σέσῑλε (singular vocative)
σεσῑ́λω (dual vocative)
σέσῑλοι (plural vocative)

Unexplained. Probably related to σέμελος (sémelos, “snail”) and perhaps both of Pre-Greek origin.

unk

Unexplained


σέμελος

head

σέμελος • (sémelos)

Unknown, but perhaps from the same Pre-Greek root of σέσιλος (sésilos, “land slug”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: κοχλίας (kokhlías, “snail with a spiral shell”).


στρόμβος

grc-noun

στρόμβος • (strómbos) m (genitive στρόμβου); second declension

strómbos (romanization)
στρόμβου (genitive)
ὁ στρόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ στρόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ στρόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ στρόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν στρόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ στρόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στρόμβους (accusative plural)
στρόμβε (singular vocative)
στρόμβω (dual vocative)
στρόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: strombus

→⇒ Sicilian: strùmmula, strùmmulu

→ Translingual: Strombus

According to Beekes, the same Pre-Greek root of στρεβλός (streblós, “twisted, turned”), with a nasal infix.


λεπάς

λεπᾰ́ς • (lepắs) f (genitive λεπᾰ́δος); third declension

λεπᾰ́ς (canonical)
lepắs (romanization)
λεπᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λεπᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λεπᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λεπᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεπᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λεπᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεπᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεπᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
λεπᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lepắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs lepắsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λεπᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λεπᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεπᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λεπᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
λεπᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
λεπᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lepās

→ Italian: lepade

→ Translingual: Lepas

Traditionally derived from λέπας (lépas, “scaur, rock”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs), as the animal clings to the rock. Alternatively, it could derive from λέπος (lépos, “rind, husk”), λεπίς (lepís, “scale, flake”).

suffix

limpet (gastropod of the family Patellidae)


σελάτης

grc-noun

σελᾰ́της • (selắtēs) m (genitive σελᾰ́του); first declension

σελᾰ́της (canonical)
selắtēs (romanization)
σελᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ σελᾰ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σελᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σελᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σελᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σελᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σελᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σελᾰ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
σελᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σελᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

According to Redard, the correct form should be *σιαλίτης (*sialítēs), from σίαλον (síalon, “spittle, saliva”) + -ίτης (-ítēs).


κάλχη

grc-noun

κᾰ́λχη • (kắlkhē) f (genitive κᾰ́λχης); first declension

κᾰ́λχη (canonical)
kắlkhē (romanization)
κᾰ́λχης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́λχη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́λχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́λχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́λχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́λχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́λχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́λχαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́λχην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λχᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λχη (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λχᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λχαι (plural vocative)

A loan of unknown origin. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin. It cannot be decided whether the name of the mythological seer Κάλχας (Kálkhas) belongs here as well.

unk

unknown

Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria#Translingual


κόχλος

grc-noun

κόχλος • (kókhlos) m (genitive κόχλου); second declension

kókhlos (romanization)
κόχλου (genitive)
ὁ κόχλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόχλω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόχλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόχλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόχλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόχλων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόχλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόχλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόχλοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόχλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόχλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόχλους (accusative plural)
κόχλε (singular vocative)
κόχλω (dual vocative)
κόχλοι (plural vocative)

Connection with κόγχος (kónkhos, “mussel, cockle”) is evident; the prenasalization can be explained by borrowing from Pre-Greek or Semitic.


λεῖμαξ

λεῖμᾰξ • (leîmăx) f (genitive λείμᾰκος); third declension

λεῖμᾰξ (canonical)
leîmăx (romanization)
λείμᾰκος (genitive)
ἡ λεῖμᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λείμᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ λείμᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς λείμᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειμᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειμᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ λείμᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειμᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λείμᾰξῐ (dative plural)
λείμᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs leímăxĭ (dative plural)
taîs leímăxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λείμᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λείμᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λείμᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
λεῖμᾰξ (singular vocative)
λείμᾰκε (dual vocative)
λείμᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: līmax (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Limax

Identical with Latin līmax (“snail”), which is probably a Greek loan, but also with Proto-Slavic *slimakъ (“snail”). Thus, it has to be a derivative in -ak- of the m-stem in Proto-Germanic *slīmą (“slime, mucus”), Latin līmus (“mud, slime”) and Ancient Greek λίμνη (límnē, “marsh”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”).


αἱμορροΐς

grc-noun

αἱμορροΐς • (haimorrhoḯs) f (genitive αἱμορροΐδος); third declension

haimorrhoḯs (romanization)
αἱμορροΐδος (genitive)
ἡ αἱμορροΐς (nominative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς αἱμορροῐ̈́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἱμορροῐ̈́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἱμορροῐ̈́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἱμορροῐ̈́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐ (dative plural)
αἱμορροῐ̈́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoĭ̈́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs haimorrhoĭ̈́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἱμορροῐ̈́δᾰς (accusative plural)
αἱμορροΐς (singular vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δε (dual vocative)
αἱμορροῐ̈́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: αιμορροΐδα (aimorroḯda)

→ Belarusian: гемаро́й (hjemarój)

→ Bulgarian: хеморои́д (hemoroíd)

→ Macedonian: хемороид (hemoroid)

→ Russian: геморро́й (gemorrój)

→ Turkish: hemoroit

→ Ukrainian: геморо́й (hemorój)

→ Volapük: hemoroid

→ Latin: haemorrhoidae

→ Catalan: hemorroide (learned)

→ Czech: hemoroid

→ Danish: hæmoride, hæmorroide

desctree

→ Middle English: emeroides, emerowdes, emeroydez, emoroydes, emoroides, emoraidez, ameraundys, emerawdys, emerawntys, emerodes
English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods

→ Esperanto: hemoroido

→ French: hémorroïde (learned)

→ Galician: hemorroide (learned)

→ German: Hämorrhoide

→ Indonesian: hemoroid

→ Italian: emorroide (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hemoroide

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hemoroide

→ Polish: hemoroid

→ Portuguese: hemorroida

→ Romanian: hemoroid (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: hemoròīd

→ Slovak: hemoroid

→ Spanish: hemorroide (learned)

→ Swedish: hemorrojd

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”) + -ίς (-ís). Also serves as the feminine of αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”).

af

a kind of shellfish, perhaps Aporrhais pespelecani