σαῦρος

grc-noun

σαῦρος • (saûros) m (genitive σαύρου); second declension

saûros (romanization)
σαύρου (genitive)
ὁ σαῦρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σαύρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σαῦροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαύρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαύροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαύρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σαύρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαύροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαύροις (dative plural)
τὸν σαῦρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σαύρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαύρους (accusative plural)
σαῦρε (singular vocative)
σαύρω (dual vocative)
σαῦροι (plural vocative)

desc

Byzantine Greek: σαυρίς (saurís), σαυρίδιον (saurídion)

Greek: σαυρίδι (savrídi), σταυρίδι (stavrídi), σαφρίδι (safrídi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: استاورید (istavrid)

Turkish: istavrit

→ Belarusian: стаўры́да f (staŭrýda)

→ Bulgarian: сафри́д m (safríd)

→ Russian: ставри́да f (stavrída) (later half of 19ᵗʰ century), rarely страври́да (stravrída)

→ Ukrainian: ставри́да f (stavrýda)

→ Latin:

Galician: xurelo

→ New Latin: -saurus (learned)

→ Translingual: -saurus

→ English: -saurus, -saur

→ Translingual: Saurus

Variant of σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”). Others have suggested the word as a variant of σαῦλος (saûlos, “turning, twisting”).

375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 133.1

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 610b.5

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.720


κάπρος

grc-noun

κᾰ́προς • (kápros) m (genitive κᾰ́πρου); second declension

κᾰ́προς (canonical)
kápros (romanization)
κᾰ́πρου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́προς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́προι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́πρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰ́πρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́πρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́προιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́προις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́προν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́πρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰ́πρους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́πρε (singular vocative)
κᾰ́πρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́προι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Capros

From Proto-Hellenic *kápros, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱapros (“male hooved animal”), possibly from *ḱapr̥ (“penis”). Cognate with Latin caper (“goat”), Old Irish gabor (“goat”).


τράγος

grc-noun

τρᾰ́γος • (trágos) m (genitive τρᾰ́γου); second declension

τρᾰ́γος (canonical)
trágos (romanization)
τρᾰ́γου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾰ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾰ́γοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾰ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γε (singular vocative)
τρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γοι (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: τσ̌άο (tšáo)

→ Latin: tragus

→ English: tragus

From τρᾰ́γω (trágō, “to gnaw, nibble”) + -ος (-os, “nominal suffix”), literally “gnawer, eater (of sweets)”.

af

age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appears

voice change that takes place in puberty

Τὴν αἶγα ὁ τράγος ἀγαπᾷ.

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual


γαλαξίας

grc-noun

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς • (galaxíās) m (genitive γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου); first declension

γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
galaxíās (romanization)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλᾰξῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλᾰξῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλᾰξῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλᾰξῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: γαλαξίας m (galaxías)

desctree

→ Latin: galaxias f
⇒ Medieval Latin: galaxia f
→ German: Galaxie f
→ Italian: galassia f
→ Old French: galaxie
Middle French: galaxie
French: galaxie f
→ Middle English: galaxye, galaxie
English: galaxy

→ Latin: Via Lactea f sg (calque)
French: Voie lactée, voie lactée
Galician: Vía Láctea
Italian: Via Lattea
Portuguese: Via Láctea
Spanish: Vía Láctea
→ Middle English: Milky Wey (calque)
English: Milky Way

From γᾰ́λᾰ (gála, “milk”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās). Originally an adjective.

tailor's chalk (with implied λίθος (líthos, “stone”))


ξίφος

grc-noun

ξῐ́φος • (xíphos) n (genitive ξῐ́φεος or ξῐ́φους); third declension

ξῐ́φος (canonical)
xíphos (romanization)
ξῐ́φεος (genitive)
ξῐ́φους (genitive)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐ́φους (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐ́φει (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐ́φεσῐ (dative plural)
ξῐ́φεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs xíphesi (dative plural)
toîs xíphesin (dative plural)
τὸ ξῐ́φος (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐ́φει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ξῐ́φη (accusative plural)
ξῐ́φος (singular vocative)
ξῐ́φει (dual vocative)
ξῐ́φη (plural vocative)

Greek: ξίφος (xífos)

Mariupol Greek: пси́фус (psífus)

Already in Late Mycenaean Greek (Ta-716 from Pylos), attested in the dual 𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁 (qi-si-pe-e, “two swords”) (mostly ideographically as 𐃉). Probably of Pre-Greek origin, related to and perhaps borrowed from Egyptian zft (“sword, knife”). If the Greek isn't borrowed directly from the Egyptian, perhaps both are from an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, or from a Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.13.1

sword, the short, straight, double-edged sword of the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity.


γάδος

γάδος • (gádos) m (genitive γάδου); second declension

gádos (romanization)
γάδου (genitive)
ὁ γᾰ́δος (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́δω (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰ́δοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰ́δου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰ́δῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰ́δοις (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰ́δον (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰ́δω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰ́δους (accusative plural)
γᾰ́δε (singular vocative)
γᾰ́δω (dual vocative)
γᾰ́δοι (plural vocative)

Greek: γάδος (gádos)

→ Translingual: Gadus

Furnée compares the word with γάζας (gázas, “kind of fish”), assuming a Pre-Greek origin.


γαλεός

γᾰλεός • (galeós) m (genitive γᾰλεοῦ); second declension

γᾰλεός (canonical)
galeós (romanization)
γᾰλεοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γᾰλεός (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γᾰλεοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γᾰλεοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γᾰλεῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλεοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γᾰλεοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γᾰλεόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλεώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γᾰλεούς (accusative plural)
γᾰλεέ (singular vocative)
γᾰλεώ (dual vocative)
γᾰλεοί (plural vocative)

Possibly named after the weasel, γαλέη (galéē).


σέλαχος

σέλᾰχος • (sélakhos) n (genitive σελᾰ́χους); third declension

σέλᾰχος (canonical)
sélakhos (romanization)
σελᾰ́χους (genitive)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (nominative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελᾰ́χους (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελᾰχῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σελᾰ́χει (dative singular)
τοῖν σελᾰχοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελᾰ́χεσῐ (dative plural)
σελᾰ́χεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs selákhesi (dative plural)
toîs selákhesin (dative plural)
τὸ σέλᾰχος (accusative singular)
τὼ σελᾰ́χει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σελᾰ́χη (accusative plural)
σέλᾰχος (singular vocative)
σελᾰ́χει (dual vocative)
σελᾰ́χη (plural vocative)

The formation resembles στέλεχος (stélekhos), τάριχος (tárikhos) and τέμαχος (témakhos). Connected with σέλας (sélas, “light, glow, beam”) already by Galen, because of the phosphorescent light of certain cartilaginous fishes; yet the suffix "-αχ-" may point to a Pre-Greek origin. The old connection with Proto-Germanic *selhaz (“seal”) is untenable.


ὕδρος

ῠ̔́δρος • (húdros) m (genitive ῠ̔́δρου); second declension

ῠ̔́δρος (canonical)
húdros (romanization)
ῠ̔́δρου (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́δρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́δροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́δρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́δρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́δρους (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δρε (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δρω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δροι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá).

A smaller water animal, such as a spider, fish, or lizard.


λύρα

λῠ́ρᾱ • (lúrā) f (genitive λῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

λῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
lúrā (romanization)
λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
λῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
λῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
λῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ English: lyre

Greek: λύρα (lýra)

→ Latin: lyra (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: līra

→ German: Leier

A Mediterranean Pre-Greek substrate technical loan. Indo-European etymologies should be rejected.


κίχλη

κῐ́χλη • (kíkhlē) f (genitive κῐ́χλης); first declension

κῐ́χλη (canonical)
kíkhlē (romanization)
κῐ́χλης (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́χλη (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐ́χλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐ́χλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐχλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐ́χλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́χλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐ́χλαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́χλην (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́χλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐ́χλᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐ́χλη (singular vocative)
κῐ́χλᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐ́χλαι (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: Cichla (learned)

⇒ New Latin: Cichlidae

→ English: cichlid (learned)

→ French: cichlidé (learned)

→ Swedish: ciklid (learned)


ἔγχελυς

ἔγχελῠς • (énkhelus) f (genitive ἐγχέλῠος); third declension

ἔγχελῠς (canonical)
énkhelus (romanization)
ἐγχέλῠος (genitive)
ἡ ἔγχελῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγχέλῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγχέλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγχελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγχέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
ἐγχέλυι (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγχελῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγχέλῠσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγχέλῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusi (dative plural)
taîs enkhélusin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔγχελῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγχέλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγχέλῡς (accusative plural)
ἐγχέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔγχελῠ (singular vocative)
ἐγχέλῠε (dual vocative)
ἐγχέλῠες (plural vocative)

q

from diminutive <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐγχέλειον</i> (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek

Greek: χέλι (chéli) (from diminutive ἐγχέλειον (enkhéleion), through Koine and Byzantine Greek)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܢܩܗܠܝܣ, ܐܢܩܠܣܐ, ܐܢܩܠܝܣ

→ Arabic: أَنْقَلِيس (ʔanqalīs)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂engʷʰ- (“water-worm, eel”). Cognate with Latin anguilla (“eel”), Old High German angar (“mealworm, larva, grub”) (Modern German Engerling), Russian у́горь (úgorʹ), Lithuanian ungurỹs.
Influenced by ἔχις (ékhis, “snake”), in a same way Latin anguilla (“eel”) was influenced by anguis (“snake”), but unfortunately no Indo-European form can be reconstructed due to similar changes in other daughter languages, commonly attributed to a taboo. Cognate with Old Prussian angurgis and Albanian ngjalë. Compare Finnish ankerias (a Baltic loan).


γέρανος

grc-noun

γέρᾰνος • (géranos) m or f (genitive γερᾰ́νου); second declension

γέρᾰνος (canonical)
géranos (romanization)
γερᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ γέρᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ γέρᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς γερᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γερᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ γερᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γερᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς γερᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν γέρᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ γερᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς γερᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
γέρᾰνε (singular vocative)
γερᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
γέρᾰνοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂-. Cognates include Old Armenian կռունկ (kṙunk), Latin grūs, and Old English cran (English crane).


στρουθός

στρουθός • (strouthós) m or f (genitive στρουθοῦ); second declension

strouthós (romanization)
στρουθοῦ (genitive)
ὁ στρουθός (nominative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (dual nominative)
οἱ στρουθοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρουθοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρουθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ στρουθῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρουθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρουθοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν στρουθόν (accusative singular)
τὼ στρουθώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς στρουθούς (accusative plural)
στρουθέ (singular vocative)
στρουθώ (dual vocative)
στρουθοί (plural vocative)

The etymology remains highly uncertain, but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

Passer domesticus
Passer domesticus#Translingual


σκορπίος

σκορπῐ́ος • (skorpíos) m (genitive σκορπῐ́ου); second declension

σκορπῐ́ος (canonical)
skorpíos (romanization)
σκορπῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ σκορπῐ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκορπῐ́οι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκορπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκορπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκορπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκορπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκορπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν σκορπῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκορπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκορπῐ́ους (accusative plural)
σκορπῐ́ε (singular vocative)
σκορπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σκορπῐ́οι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκορπιός m (skorpiós)

desctree

→ Latin: scorpiō, scorpios, scorpius
→? Albanian: shkrap
Catalan: escorpí
Old French: scorpion
French: scorpion
→ Middle Dutch: scorpioen
Dutch: schorpioen
→ English: scorpion
→ Welsh: sgorpion
→ German: Skorpion
→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍀𐌾𐍉 (skaurpjō)
→ Middle Irish: scoirp
Irish: scairp
Italian: scorpione
>? Italian: sgorbio
→ Middle Low German: schorpie
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skorpion
Portuguese: escorpião
Romanian: scorpion
Romansch: scorpiun
→ Russian: скорпио́н m (skorpión)
Sicilian: scurpiuni
Spanish: escorpión

→ Classical Sanskrit: कौर्पि (kaurpi)

Sometimes suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), but Beekes says that it is likely a substrate loanword instead (see Beekes, R.S.P. (2010): Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 1358-1359)


κέρκουρος

grc-noun

κέρκουρος • (kérkouros) m (genitive κερκούρου); second declension

kérkouros (romanization)
κερκούρου (genitive)
ὁ κέρκουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέρκουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερκούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερκούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερκούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερκούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερκούροις (dative plural)
τὸν κέρκουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερκούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κερκούρους (accusative plural)
κέρκουρε (singular vocative)
κερκούρω (dual vocative)
κέρκουροι (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Perhaps from κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”). Could also be of Semitic origin, compare Classical Syriac ܩܪܩܘܪܐ (qarqūrāʾ, “boat”), reshaped under the influence of κέρκος (kérkos) and οὐρά (ourá, “tail”). Compare also Latin cercūrus, Old Armenian կուր (kur).


ῥόμβος

grc-noun

ῥόμβος • (rhómbos) m (genitive ῥόμβου); second declension

rhómbos (romanization)
ῥόμβου (genitive)
ὁ ῥόμβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥόμβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥόμβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥόμβων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥόμβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόμβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥόμβοις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥόμβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόμβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥόμβους (accusative plural)
ῥόμβε (singular vocative)
ῥόμβω (dual vocative)
ῥόμβοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ρόμβος (rómvos) (learned)

→ Latin: rhombus (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ռումբ (ṙumb) (possibly)

→ Georgian: რუმბი (rumbi) (possibly)

→ Russian: ромб m (romb)

type of fish including the turbot and brill


βελόνη

βελόνη • (belónē) f (genitive βελόνης); first declension

belónē (romanization)
βελόνης (genitive)
ἡ βελόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ βελόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βελόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς βελόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βελόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βελόναις (dative plural)
τὴν βελόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ βελόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βελόνᾱς (accusative plural)
βελόνη (singular vocative)
βελόνᾱ (dual vocative)
βελόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: βελόνα (velóna)

Translingual: Belone (garfish)


ταινία

ταινῐ́ᾱ • (tainíā) f (genitive ταινῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ταινῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
tainíā (romanization)
ταινῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ταινῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ταινῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ταινῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ταινῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταινῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταινῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ταινῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταινῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ταινῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ταινῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ταινῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ταινῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ταινῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ταινῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ταινῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: ταινία (tainía)

→ Latin: taenia

→ Translingual: Taenia

According to Beekes, probably from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“stretch”), the same root underlying τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”), though the phonological and morphological details are rather unclear. The missing link may be a noun like *ταῖνα (*taîna) or *ταινά (*tainá). The formation of the word is comparable to that of κειρία (keiría, “band, tapeworm”).


τρίγλη

τρῑ́γλη • (trī́glē) f (genitive τρῑ́γλης); first declension

τρῑ́γλη (canonical)
trī́glē (romanization)
τρῑ́γλης (genitive)
ἡ τρῑ́γλη (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῑ́γλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῖγλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῑ́γλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῑ́γλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῑγλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῑ́γλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῑ́γλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῑ́γλαις (dative plural)
τὴν τρῑ́γλην (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῑ́γλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῑ́γλᾱς (accusative plural)
τρῑ́γλη (singular vocative)
τρῑ́γλᾱ (dual vocative)
τρῖγλαι (plural vocative)

Greek: τρίγλη (trígli)

→ Italian: triglia

According to Beekes from τρίζω (trízō, “to crackle, crepitate”), referring to the grunting sound from the friction of the gill cover bones when the fish is taken out of the water.


περόνη

περόνη • (perónē) f (genitive περόνης); first declension

perónē (romanization)
περόνης (genitive)
ἡ περόνη (nominative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ περόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς περόνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περόνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν περόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς περόναις (dative plural)
τὴν περόνην (accusative singular)
τὼ περόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περόνᾱς (accusative plural)
περόνη (singular vocative)
περόνᾱ (dual vocative)
περόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: περόνη (peróni)

⇒ Koine Greek: περόνιον (perónion)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πιρούνιν (piroúnin), περούνιν (peroúnin)

desctree

Greek: πιρούνι (piroúni)
→ Albanian: pirun
→ Aromanian: pirunã
→ Friulian: piron
→ Ladino: piron
→ Mòcheno: paru'
→ Romanian: piron
→ Serbo-Croatian: pirun / пирун
→ Venetan: piron
→ Cimbrian: pirù
→ Lombard: piron

→ English: perone

From πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, run through”), formed with the pattern of ᾰ̓κόνη (akónē, “whetstone, hone”), βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

(anatomy) radius; (more frequently) fibula, calf bone


κόκκυξ

grc-noun

κόκκῡξ • (kókkūx) m (genitive κόκκῡγος); third declension

κόκκῡξ (canonical)
kókkūx (romanization)
κόκκῡγος (genitive)
ὁ κόκκῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόκκῡγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόκκῡγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκῡ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόκκῡγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκῡ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόκκῡξῐ (dative plural)
κόκκῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxi (dative plural)
toîs kókkūxin (dative plural)
τὸν κόκκῡγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόκκῡγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόκκῡγᾰς (accusative plural)
κόκκῡξ (singular vocative)
κόκκῡγε (dual vocative)
κόκκῡγες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coccyx

From Proto-Hellenic *kókkūks, eventually from the same onomatopoeic root of κόκκῡ (kókkū, “cry of the cuckoo”) and κοκκύζω (kokkúzō, “to cry cuckoo”). Compare also English cuckoo, Latin cucūlus (“cuckoo”) and Greek κούκος (koúkos, “cuckoo”), which are all onomatopoeias.


βάτος

βᾰ́τος • (bátos) f (genitive βᾰ́του); second declension

βᾰ́τος (canonical)
bátos (romanization)
βᾰ́του (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́τος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́τοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́τον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́τε (singular vocative)
βᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́τοι (plural vocative)

Greek: βάτος (vátos)

→ Amharic: ባጦስ (baṭos)

→ Arabic: بَاطُس (bāṭus)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ (batos)

⇒ English: batology

desc

→ Ge'ez: ባጦስ (baṭos), ጳጦስ (p̣aṭos), ጰጦስ (p̣äṭos)

→ Latin: batus

Said by Beekes to be a Mediterranean wanderwort; substrate common to μαντία (mantía, “blackberry”) (Dacian loan), and Albanian man (“mulberry”), Gheg mand.

see βατίς f (batís)


κόρις

grc-noun

κόρῐς • (kóris) m (genitive κόρεως or κόρῐος); third declension

κόρῐς (canonical)
kóris (romanization)
κόρεως (genitive)
κόρῐος (genitive)
ὁ κόρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρει (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρεις (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόρεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρει (dative singular)
τοῖν κορέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόρεσῐ (dative plural)
κόρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kóresi (dative plural)
toîs kóresin (dative plural)
τὸν κόρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρει (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρεις (accusative plural)
κόρῐ (singular vocative)
κόρει (dual vocative)
κόρεις (plural vocative)

Greek: κοριός m (koriós, “bedbug”)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: κόριζα (kóriza), *κόριδα (*kórida)

→ Old East Slavic: корида (korida)

⇒ Italiot Greek: κόριδα, κόρικα, κόρεκα

⇒ Italiot Greek: κόριδα, κόρικα, κόρεκα

desctree

⇒ Pontic Greek: κορίδιν (korídin), κόρδα f (kórda) — Thoania
→ Laz: მკორიდა (mǩorida), კორიდა (ǩorida) — alternative spelling
→ Turkish: korda — Rize, Trabzon

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)koris (“cutting, gnawing”), from *(s)ker- (“cut”). Cognate to Russian корь (korʹ, “moth”).
Alternatively related to ἀκαρί (akarí, “mite”) via Pre-Greek. Compare also κᾱρῑ́ς (kārī́s, “shrimp”).


ἄγνος

grc-noun

ἄγνος • (ágnos) f (genitive ἄγνου); second declension

ágnos (romanization)
ἄγνου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́γνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γνω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́γνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓́γνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́γνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́γνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓́γνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́γνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓́γνοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́γνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́γνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́γνους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́γνε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́γνω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́γνοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Armenian: հագնի (hagni)

From the adjective ἁγνός (hagnós, “chaste”)

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual


κολοφών

κολοφών • (kolophṓn) m (genitive κολοφῶνος); third declension

kolophṓn (romanization)
κολοφῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κολοφών (nominative singular)
τὼ κολοφῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κολοφῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κολοφῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολοφώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολοφώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κολοφῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολοφώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κολοφῶσῐ (dative plural)
κολοφῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kolophôsi (dative plural)
toîs kolophôsin (dative plural)
τὸν κολοφῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κολοφῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κολοφῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κολοφών (singular vocative)
κολοφῶνε (dual vocative)
κολοφῶνες (plural vocative)

→ French: colophon

Greek: κολοφώνας (kolofónas)

* According to Pokorny cognate with κολώνη (kolṓnē) "hill", Latin collis "hill", the sense of "topping, finishing" derives figuratively from the one of "top".
* According to Strabο (Geographica 14:1:28), from Κολοφών (Kolophṓn, “Colophon”) as coming from the belief that the cavalry of Colophon was so excellent, that it always decided the contest.

(hapax, according to Hesychius) a type of sea fish


ξιφίας

ξῐφῐ́ᾱς • (xiphíās) m (genitive ξῐφῐ́ου); first declension

ξῐφῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
xiphíās (romanization)
ξῐφῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ξῐφῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῐφῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ξῐφῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ξῐφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῐφῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῐφῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ξῐφῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῐφῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ξῐφῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν ξῐφῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῐφῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ξῐφῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ξῐφῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ξῐφῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ξῐφῐ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Spanish: Jifia

→ Translingual: Xiphias

From ξῐ́φος (xíphos, “sword”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās, “nominal suffix”).

af

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 2.13.9

Xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius#Translingual


σκύλιον

grc-noun

σκύλῐον • (skúlion) n (genitive σκῠλίου); second declension

σκύλῐον (canonical)
skúlion (romanization)
σκῠλίου (genitive)
τὸ σκῠ́λῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́λῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῠλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῠλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῠλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σκῠ́λῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σκῠ́λῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σκῠ́λῐον (singular vocative)
σκῠλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σκῠ́λῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: canicula (calque)

From the root of σκύλαξ (skúlax, “puppy”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 6.10.10


φοξῖνος

grc-noun

φοξῖνος • (phoxînos) m (genitive φοξῑ́νου); second declension

phoxînos (romanization)
φοξῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ φοξῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ φοξῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ φοξῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φοξῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φοξῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φοξῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ φοξῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φοξῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φοξῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν φοξῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φοξῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φοξῑ́νους (accusative plural)
φοξῖνε (singular vocative)
φοξῑ́νω (dual vocative)
φοξῖνοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Phoxinus

From φοξός (phoxós, “sharp, pointed”) + -ῖνος (-înos).

af

Δηλοῦσι δ’ ἔνιοι τῶν ποταμίων· εὐθὺς γὰρ γεννώμενοι ὡς εἰπεῖν καὶ μικροὶ ὄντες οἱ φοξῖνοι κυήματ’ ἔχουσιν.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 6.13.3

Dēloûsi d’ énioi tôn potamíōn; euthùs gàr gennṓmenoi hōs eipeîn kaì mikroì óntes hoi phoxînoi kuḗmat’ ékhousin.

Τίκτουσι δ’ ἐν ταῖς προλιμνάσι τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ τῶν λιμνῶν πρὸς τὰ καλαμώδη, οἷον οἵ τε φοξῖνοι καὶ αἱ πέρκαι.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 6.14.2

Tíktousi d’ en taîs prolimnási tôn potamôn kaì tôn limnôn pròs tà kalamṓdē, hoîon hoí te phoxînoi kaì hai pérkai.

400 BCE – 300 BCE, Mnesimachus, Philippus 1.33


θύννος

grc-noun

θῠ́ννος • (thúnnos) m (genitive θῠ́ννου); second declension

θῠ́ννος (canonical)
thúnnos (romanization)
θῠ́ννου (genitive)
ὁ θῠ́ννος (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ννω (dual nominative)
οἱ θῠ́ννοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́ννου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ννοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠ́ννων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́ννῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́ννοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́ννοις (dative plural)
τὸν θῠ́ννον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́ννω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῠ́ννους (accusative plural)
θῠ́ννε (singular vocative)
θῠ́ννω (dual vocative)
θῠ́ννοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: thunnus, thynnus, tunnus
Middle French: thon
→ English: tunny, thunny (archaic)
→ Irish: tuinnín
French: thon
→ Romanian: ton
→ Turkish: ton
Friulian: ton
Italian: tonno
Occitan: ton
→ Arabic: تُنّ (tunn)
→ Portuguese: atum
→ Spanish: atún
→ English: tuna
→ Arabic: تونة
→ Welsh: tiwna
→ German: Thun, Thunfisch
→ Translingual: Thunnus

→ Old Armenian: թիւնոս (tʻiwnos)

→ Old Georgian: თჳნასი (twinasi)

→ Classical Syriac: ܬܘܢܘܣ (tūnnōs)

From Phoenician equivalent to Ugaritic 𐎚𐎐𐎐 (tnn /tunnanu/) and Hebrew תַּנִּין (tannīn, “water animal, sea monster”) and also attested in three tophet stelae at Hadrumetum in the name of the peninsula in front of Monastir 𐤀𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤌 (ʾytnm /ʾī tunnīm/, literally “Island of Tunnies”) referring to its Tonnara.


πρόβατον

grc-noun

πρόβατον • (próbaton) n (genitive προβάτου); second declension

próbaton (romanization)
προβάτου (genitive)
τὸ πρόβατον (nominative singular)
τὼ προβάτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρόβατᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προβάτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προβάτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προβάτων (genitive plural)
τῷ προβάτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προβάτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προβάτοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρόβατον (accusative singular)
τὼ προβάτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρόβατᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόβατον (singular vocative)
προβάτω (dual vocative)
πρόβατᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πρόβατο (próvato)

Mariupol Greek: про́вату (próvatu)

From προβαίνω (probaínō, “to go on”) + -τος (-tos).

Oppian, Halieutica 1.146

Oppian, Halieutica 3.139

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 9.38


λάμια

λᾰ́μῐᾰ • (lámia) f (genitive λᾰμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

λᾰ́μῐᾰ (canonical)
lámia (romanization)
λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰ́μῐᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰ́μῐαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰ́μῐᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́μῐᾰ (singular vocative)
λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰ́μῐαι (plural vocative)

Latin: lamia

Possible connection with λαιμός (laimós, “throat, gullet”).

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.5

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.727

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 9.78


πάπραξ

πᾰ́πρᾰξ • (páprax) m (genitive πᾰ́πρᾰκος); third declension

πᾰ́πρᾰξ (canonical)
páprax (romanization)
πᾰ́πρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́πρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́πρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́πρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰπρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰπρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́πρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰπρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́πρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs pápraxi (dative plural)
toîs pápraxin (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́πρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́πρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́πρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́πρᾰξ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́πρᾰκε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Has been connected with πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”) and περκνός (perknós, “spotted”), or explained as onomatopoeic after the supposed sound of the fish. According to Beekes, the word may be of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the suffix.


ἱέραξ

ἱέρᾱξ • (hiérāx) m (genitive ἱέρᾱκος); third declension

ἱέρᾱξ (canonical)
hiérāx (romanization)
ἱέρᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ ἱέρᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱέρᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱέρᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱέρᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱερᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱερᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱέρᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱερᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱέρᾱξῐ (dative plural)
ἱέρᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs hiérāxi (dative plural)
toîs hiérāxin (dative plural)
τὸν ἱέρᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱέρᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱέρᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱέρᾱξ (singular vocative)
ἱέρᾱκε (dual vocative)
ἱέρᾱκες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιέρακας (iérakas)

Ancient Greek: Ιέραξ (Iérax)

Latin: Ierax

Italian: Geraci, Gerace

Sicilian: Jiraci

From Proto-Hellenic *ϝῑρᾱξ, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁rós (“hunter; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”), assuming an older Greek form *ϝῑρᾱξ (*wīrāx), with possible contamination from folk-etymological association with ἱερός (hierós, “holy, divine”).


ἠλακατήν

grc-noun

ἠλᾰκᾰτήν • (ēlakatḗn) m (genitive ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος); third declension

ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (canonical)
ēlakatḗn (romanization)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος (genitive)
ὁ ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠλᾰκᾰτῆσῐ (dative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ēlakatêsi (dative plural)
toîs ēlakatêsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (singular vocative)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (dual vocative)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνες (plural vocative)

Latin: ēlacatēn

suffix

ἠλᾰκᾰ́τη (ēlakátē) + -ήν (-ḗn)

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Kol.Fr. 7

400 BCE – 300 BCE, Mnesimachus, Collected Works 4.35

Mnaseas 33

Τὰ εἰς ην ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς χαίρουσι τῇ ὀξείᾳ οἷον ἀτταγήν, κορδυλήν, μαριθήν, δοθιήν, ἠλακατήνὄνομα ἰχθύος κητώδους καὶ κύριον.

AD 2nd C., Aelius Herodianus (aut.), Augustus Lentz (ed.), Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας in Grammatici Graeci III: Herodiani technici reliquiae I: Praefationem et Herodiani Prosodiam catholicam continens (1867), bk i, p. 16, ll. 6–8

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Tà eis ēn hupèr dúo sullabàs khaírousi têi oxeíāi hoîon attagḗn, kordulḗn, marithḗn, dothiḗn, ēlakatḗnónoma ikhthúos kētṓdous kaì kúrion.

(usually in the plural) a large sea-fish, probably a kind of tunny


κάμπος

grc-noun

κάμπος • (kámpos) n (genitive κάμπεος or κάμπους); third declension

kámpos (romanization)
κάμπεος (genitive)
κάμπους (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́μπεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰμπέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰμπέων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́μπεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰμπέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́μπεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́μπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kámpesi (dative plural)
toîs kámpesin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπεᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́μπος (singular vocative)
κᾰ́μπεε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́μπεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́μπους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰμποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰμπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́μπει (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰμποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́μπεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́μπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kámpesi (dative plural)
toîs kámpesin (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπη (accusative plural)
κᾰ́μπος (singular vocative)
κᾰ́μπει (dual vocative)
κᾰ́μπη (plural vocative)


ῥίνη

ῥί̄νη • (rhí̄nē) f (genitive ῥί̄νης); first declension

ῥί̄νη (canonical)
rhí̄nē (romanization)
ῥί̄νης (genitive)
ἡ ῥῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥῑ́νη (singular vocative)
ῥῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥῖναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Rhina

angel shark (Squatina squatina), whose skin was used for polishing wood and marble


τρυγών

τρῡγών • (trūgṓn) f (genitive τρυγόνος); third declension

τρῡγών (canonical)
trūgṓn (romanization)
τρυγόνος (genitive)
ἡ τρῡγών (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῡγόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῡγόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῡγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῡγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῡγόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῡγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῡγόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῡγόσῐ (dative plural)
τρῡγόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs trūgósi (dative plural)
taîs trūgósin (dative plural)
τὴν τρῡγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῡγόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῡγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
τρῡγών (singular vocative)
τρῡγόνε (dual vocative)
τρῡγόνες (plural vocative)

desc

→ Latin: trȳgōn f (“turtle dove”), trȳgōn m (“stingray”)

Italian: trigone

Translingual: Trygon (“Trygon”)

Greek: τρυγόνι (trygóni) (from τρῡγόνιον (trūgónion), the diminutive of τρυγών (trugṓn))


ἀβραμίς

grc-noun

ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς • (abramís) f (genitive ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος); third declension

ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (canonical)
abramís (romanization)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀβρᾰμῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs abramísi (dative plural)
taîs abramísin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀβρᾰμῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: Abramis (learned)

According to Beekes, either Pre-Greek or a loan from Egyptian r-m-K1 (rm, “tilapia”).


μύλλος

μύλλος • (múllos) m (genitive μύλλου); second declension

múllos (romanization)
μύλλου (genitive)
ὁ μῠ́λλος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́λλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠ́λλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠ́λλους (accusative plural)
μῠ́λλε (singular vocative)
μῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
μῠ́λλοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: mullus
Catalan: moll
Old French: mulet
→ English: mullet
French: mulet
Translingual: Mullus

The etymology remains unknown, as the connection with μέλας (mélas, “dark in color”) is a pure hypothesis.

unk

unknown


σκόμβρος

grc-noun

σκόμβρος • (skómbros) m (genitive σκόμβρου); second declension

skómbros (romanization)
σκόμβρου (genitive)
ὁ σκόμβρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκόμβρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκόμβροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκόμβρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκόμβροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκόμβρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκόμβρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκόμβροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκόμβροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκόμβρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκόμβρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκόμβρους (accusative plural)
σκόμβρε (singular vocative)
σκόμβρω (dual vocative)
σκόμβροι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: scomber
→ English: scomber
→ Italian: sgombro
→ Spanish: escombro
→ Translingual: Scomber

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus#Translingual

σκουμπρί

σκομβρίς (skombrís)


σαργός

grc-noun

σᾰργός • (sargós) m (genitive σᾰργοῦ); second declension

σᾰργός (canonical)
sargós (romanization)
σᾰργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σᾰργός (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σᾰργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σᾰργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σᾰργούς (accusative plural)
σᾰργέ (singular vocative)
σᾰργώ (dual vocative)
σᾰργοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sargus

→ English: sargo

→ Italian: sarago

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek.

Diplodus sargus
Diplodus sargus#Translingual


σάλπη

σᾰ́λπη • (sálpē) f (genitive σᾰ́λπης); first declension

σᾰ́λπη (canonical)
sálpē (romanization)
σᾰ́λπης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰ́λπη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́λπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰ́λπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰ́λπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰ́λπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰλπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰ́λπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰ́λπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰ́λπαις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́λπην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́λπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰ́λπᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́λπη (singular vocative)
σᾰ́λπᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰ́λπαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: salpa

→ English: salpa

→ Italian: salpa

→ Translingual: Sarpa

From Egyptian, found in Coptic ϫⲉⲗϥⲁⲧ (čelfat), ⲥⲗⲃⲟⲧ (slbot), Arabic شِلْبَا (šilbā), or perhaps already Pre-Greek and of shared origin.


σκάρος

σκάρος • (skáros) m (genitive σκάρου); second declension

skáros (romanization)
σκάρου (genitive)
ὁ σκᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scarus

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܪܘܣ (/sqrws/)

→ Old Armenian: սկարոս (skaros)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: სკაროსი (sḳarosi)
→ Georgian: სკაროსი (sḳarosi) (learned)

According to Beekes, perhaps related to σκαίρω (skaírō, “to dance, to jump”) because of its lively movements. Or maybe related to σκαρῖτις (skarîtis, “a kind of stone”) if named after its colour. Both could be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”); see σκορπίος (skorpíos) and Albanian harrok. However, also compare Welsh cerdded (“to leap”).


γαλέη

grc-noun

γᾰλέη • (galéē) f (genitive γᾰλέης); first declension

γᾰλέη (canonical)
galéē (romanization)
γᾰλέης (genitive)
ἡ γᾰλέη (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰλέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰλέης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰλέῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰλέαις (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰλέην (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰλέᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλέη (singular vocative)
γᾰλέᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλέαι (plural vocative)

→⇒ English: galeanthropy, galeophobia

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Cheirogaleus, Dasogale, Galidia, Petrogale, Phascogale, Planigale, Spilogale

From Proto-Indo-European *gl̥h₁éys (“weasel, mouse”) and cognate with Latin glīs (“dormouse”), Sanskrit गिरि (girí, “mouse”). According to Beekes, the word originally indicated the skin and later the animal itself.


σάνδαλον

grc-noun

σάνδᾰλον • (sándalon) n (genitive σανδάλου); second declension

σάνδᾰλον (canonical)
sándalon (romanization)
σανδάλου (genitive)
τὸ σάνδᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ σανδᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σάνδᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σανδᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σανδᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σανδᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σανδᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σανδᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σανδᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ σάνδᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σανδᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σάνδᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
σάνδᾰλον (singular vocative)
σανδᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σάνδᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Likely from Pre-Greek or some other foreign source, in view of the alternation "νδ/μβ".


σμαρίς

σμᾰρίς • (smarís) f (genitive σμᾰρίδος); third declension

σμᾰρίς (canonical)
smarís (romanization)
σμᾰρίδος (genitive)
ἡ σμᾰρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ σμᾰρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ σμᾰρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς σμᾰρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμᾰρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμᾰρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμᾰρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμᾰρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμᾰρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
σμᾰρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs smarísi (dative plural)
taîs smarísin (dative plural)
τὴν σμᾰρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σμᾰρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμᾰρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
σμᾰρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
σμᾰρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
σμᾰρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: smaris

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σμαρίδα (smarída) (learned)

> Greek: μαρίδα (marída) (inherited)

A connection with σμηρίζω (smērízō, “to plane, to polish”) is implausible. Furnée, instead, convincingly compares the word with σπάρος (spáros, “annular sea bream”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.


σπάρος

grc-noun

σπάρος • (spáros) m (genitive σπάρου); second declension

spáros (romanization)
σπάρου (genitive)
ὁ σπᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
σπᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
σπᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σπᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

> Greek: σπάρος (spáros) (inherited)

→ Latin: sparus (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Perhaps from Pre-Greek and related to σμαρίς (smarís).


ἀλάβης

ἀλάβης • (alábēs) f (genitive ἀλάβητος); third declension

alábēs (romanization)
ἀλάβητος (genitive)
ἡ ἀλάβης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀλάβητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀλάβητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλαβήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀλάβητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀλάβησῐ (dative plural)
ἀλάβησῐν (dative plural)
taîs alábēsi (dative plural)
taîs alábēsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἀλάβητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀλάβητᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλάβης (singular vocative)
ἀλάβητε (dual vocative)
ἀλάβητες (plural vocative)

→ Demotic: lbs

→ Coptic: ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs) (Sahidic)

→ Arabic: لَبِيس (labīs)

Unclear. Perhaps from Coptic ⲗⲉⲓϥⲓ (leifi, “fish of the Nile”). However, Furnée connects this word with similar names for fish, like ἔλλοψ (éllops) and ἀλλοπίᾱς (allopíās) and concludes that it is a Pre-Greek word.
Demotic lbs (“fish of the Nile”), and its successor Coptic ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs), is certainly a reborrowing from Greek.

unk

Unclear

cog

A kind of fish that lives in the Nile (possibly Labeo niloticus)


ἀλλοπίας

grc-noun

ἀλλοπίᾱς • (allopíās) m (genitive ἀλλοπίου); first declension

ἀλλοπίᾱς (canonical)
allopíās (romanization)
ἀλλοπίου (genitive)
ὁ ἀλλοπίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀλλοπίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλλοπίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλλοπιῶν (genitive plural)
ἀλλοπιάων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλλοπίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλλοπίαις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀλλοπίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀλλοπίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀλλοπίαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀλλοπιῶν, ἀλλοπιάων

Perhaps from the same Pre-Greek root of ἀλάβης (alábēs) and ἔλλοψ (éllops). Compare also αὐλωπίας (aulōpías).


ἔλλοψ

grc-noun

ἔλλοψ • (éllops) m (genitive ἔλλοπος); third declension

éllops (romanization)
ἔλλοπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔλλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔλλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔλλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔλλοψῐ (dative plural)
ἔλλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs éllopsi (dative plural)
toîs éllopsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔλλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔλλοψ (singular vocative)
ἔλλοπε (dual vocative)
ἔλλοπες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: helops

Beekes suggest a Pre-Greek origin for this word in view of the variation λ/λλ. He further connects the word with ἀλλοπίας (allopías), hinting at a common word for a great fish.


λάβραξ

λάβραξ • (lábrax) m (genitive λάβρᾱκος); third declension

lábrax (romanization)
λάβρᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ λάβρᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ λάβρᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λάβρᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαβρᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ λάβρᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λάβρᾱξῐ (dative plural)
λάβρᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxi (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxin (dative plural)
τὸν λάβρᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λάβρᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
λάβρᾱξ (singular vocative)
λάβρᾱκε (dual vocative)
λάβρᾱκες (plural vocative)

Latin: Labrax

→ Old Armenian: ղաբրաքս (łabrakʻs)

From λάβρος (lábros, “furious, fierce”).

Dicentrarchus labrax
Dicentrarchus labrax#Translingual


σκόρπαινα

σκόρπαινᾰ • (skórpaina) f (genitive σκορπαίνης); first declension

σκόρπαινᾰ (canonical)
skórpaina (romanization)
σκορπαίνης (genitive)
ἡ σκόρπαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκορπαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκόρπαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκορπαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκορπαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκορπαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκορπαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκορπαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκορπαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν σκόρπαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκορπαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκορπαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
σκόρπαινᾰ (singular vocative)
σκορπαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
σκόρπαιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκορπίνα (skorpína)

desctree

→ Latin: scorpaena
Catalan: escórpora
→ French: scorpène
→ English: scorpene
English: sculpin
Italian: scorfano, → scorpena
Ligurian: scórpena
Spanish: escorpina
→ Translingual: Scorpaena

From σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).


πέρκη

grc-noun

πέρκη • (pérkē) f (genitive πέρκης); first declension

pérkē (romanization)
πέρκης (genitive)
ἡ πέρκη (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέρκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πέρκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέρκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πέρκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέρκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πέρκαις (dative plural)
τὴν πέρκην (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πέρκᾱς (accusative plural)
πέρκη (singular vocative)
πέρκᾱ (dual vocative)
πέρκαι (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: պերկես (perkes)

→ Latin: perca

→ English: perch

From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“motley, coloured”). Cognate with Old Irish erc (“perch, salmon”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸerkos) and Proto-Germanic *furhnō (“trout”). Related also to περκνός (perknós, “dusky”) and πέρκος (pérkos, “kind of hawk”).

der

Perca fluviatilis
Perca fluviatilis#Translingual


φάγρος

grc-noun

φάγρος • (phágros) m (genitive φάγρου); second declension

phágros (romanization)
φάγρου (genitive)
ὁ φᾰ́γρος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰ́γροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰ́γρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
φᾰ́γρε (singular vocative)
φᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́γροι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: phager
Catalan: pagre
Galician: prago
Spanish: pargo
→ English: porgy

According to Beekes, the presence of the variants leads to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus#Translingual


χάραξ

grc-noun

χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension

khárax (romanization)
χάρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χᾰ́ρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χᾰ́ρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χᾰ́ρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χᾰ́ρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χᾰ́ρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kháraxi (dative plural)
taîs kháraxin (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξ (singular vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: χάρακας (chárakas)

→ Latin: characium

Catalan: carràs

Gascon: carràs

desctree

→? Vulgar Latin: *characulum, *caraculum
Catalan: carall
Old Galician-Portuguese: caralho
Fala: carallu
Galician: carallo
Portuguese: caralho
Spanish: carajo

Translingual: Charax

The formation is similar to κάμαξ (kámax, “vine pole, prop”) and πίναξ (pínax, “board, plank”), and the traditional connection with Lithuanian žer̃ti (“to scrape”) does not explain the Greek formation. In view of the suffix, the word is most probably Pre-Greek; see χαράσσω (kharássō, “to sharpen, engrave”) for more.

pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp


χρέμυς

grc-noun

χρέμῠς • (khrémus) m (genitive χρέμῠος); third declension

χρέμῠς (canonical)
khrémus (romanization)
χρέμῠος (genitive)
ὁ χρέμῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ χρέμῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρέμῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρεμῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρέμῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χρέμυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρέμῠσῐ (dative plural)
χρέμῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khrémusi (dative plural)
toîs khrémusin (dative plural)
τὸν χρέμῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρέμῡς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠ (singular vocative)
χρέμῠε (dual vocative)
χρέμῠες (plural vocative)

Furnée connects the word with κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and considers it of Pre-Greek origin.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ὀνίσκος (onískos, “cod”).


ὀνίσκος

ὀνῐ́σκος • (onískos) m (genitive ὀνῐ́σκου); second declension

ὀνῐ́σκος (canonical)
onískos (romanization)
ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ ὀνῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀνῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀνῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀνῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
ὀνῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

Latin: oniscus

→ Translingual: Oniscus

From ὄνος (ónos, “donkey, ass”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos).


μύραινα

grc-noun

μῡ́ραινα • (mū́raina) f (genitive μῡραίνης); first declension

μῡ́ραινα (canonical)
mū́raina (romanization)
μῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ μῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
μῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: murēna, muraena (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: զմիւռնեա (zmiwṙnea)

Traditionally connected with σμύρις (smúris, “emery powder”) and with words for 'grease, fat', like Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease”), which would fit the eel as a fat creature. However, this does not explain the long "ῡ". According to Beekes, names of fish are often Pre-Greek and the suffix -αινᾰ (-aina) is well-known in such words.


ψαμμοδύτης

ψαμμοδῠ́της • (psammodútēs) m (genitive ψαμμοδῠ́του); first declension

ψαμμοδῠ́της (canonical)
psammodútēs (romanization)
ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive)
ὁ ψαμμοδῠ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψαμμοδῠ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαμμοδῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαμμοδῠ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαμμοδῠ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ψαμμοδῠ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́ται (plural vocative)

ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”) + δύω (dúō, “dive”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

name of a fish that buries itself in the sand (literally sand-diver)


ῥαφίς

grc-noun

ῥαφῐ́ς • (rhaphís) f (genitive ῥαφῐ́δος); third declension

ῥαφῐ́ς (canonical)
rhaphís (romanization)
ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥαφῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥαφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísi (dative plural)
taîs rhaphísin (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥαφῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

English: raphide

Translingual: Limnoraphis, Raphidiopsis

From ῥάπτω (rháptō, “to sew”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

Belone belone
Belone belone#Translingual


λέρος

λέρος • (léros) m (genitive λέρου); second declension

léros (romanization)
λέρου (genitive)
ὁ λέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέροις (dative plural)
τὸν λέρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέρους (accusative plural)
λέρε (singular vocative)
λέρω (dual vocative)
λέροι (plural vocative)


μαρῖνος

μαρῖνος • (marînos) m (genitive μαρῑ́νου); second declension

marînos (romanization)
μαρῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ μαρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
μαρῖνε (singular vocative)
μαρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
μαρῖνοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the suffix "-ῖνος" is a proof of the Pre-Greek origin of the word.

unknown kind of fish, perhaps a barbel or a flatfish


σκέπανος

σκέπᾰνος • (sképanos) m (genitive σκεπᾰ́νου); second declension

σκέπᾰνος (canonical)
sképanos (romanization)
σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σκέπᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκέπᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκέπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκεπᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
σκέπᾰνε (singular vocative)
σκεπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
σκέπᾰνοι (plural vocative)


ἔτελις

head

ἔτελις • (ételis)

Latin attilus (“kind of fish”) shows a general resemblance. Farther away are Latvian āte and Lithuanian atìs (“turbot”). Strömberg rather envisages derivation from ἔταλον (étalon, “yearling”), while DELG calls both suggestions improbable.


κάνθαρος

grc-noun

κάνθᾰρος • (kántharos) m (genitive κανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

κάνθᾰρος (canonical)
kántharos (romanization)
κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κάνθᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κάνθᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κάνθᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κάνθᾰρε (singular vocative)
κανθᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κάνθᾰροι (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: σκάνθαρος (skántharos)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: *σκανθάριον (*skanthárion)

Greek: σκαθάρι (skathári)

desctree

→ Latin: cantharus, cantarus
Italian: cantero
→ Catalan: càntar
→ English: cantharus
→ French: canthare
→ Galician: cântaro
→ Italian: cantaro
→ Portuguese: cântaro
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р
Latin script: kȁntār
→ Spanish: cántaro
Translingual: Cantharus

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in close paraphrase):
"Not well explained. Connected with κάνθων (kánthōn, “ass, donkey”) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios, “ass, donkey”) by Strömberg, with the same suffix as in χίμαρος (khímaros) and κίσσαρος (kíssaros). Hardly probable. DELG points out that there are anthroponyms and toponyms like Κάνθαρος (Kántharos, “a port of Piraeus”) and concludes from this that the term may be of Pre-Greek origin, which is likely. As Akkadian 𒃶𒁺 (/kandu/, “jar for wine”), considered a loan from West Semitic, and Akkadian 𒃶𒁺𒊒𒌑 (/kanduru/, “kind of vessel”) exist, itself from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒉡𒌉 (/gannu-tur/, “small vessel; potstand”, literally “little vessel, container, holder”), it would be a loan in this meaning."

cog

dung beetle (Canthon pilularius syn. Scarabaeus pilularius)


ἱππόκαμπος

grc-noun

ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος • (hippókampos) m (genitive ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου); second declension

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (canonical)
hippókampos (romanization)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ιππόκαμπος (ippókampos)

desctree

→ Latin: hippocampus
→ Catalan: hipocamp
→ English: hippocampus
→ French: hippocampe
→ German: Hippokamp
→ Italian: ippocampo
→ Portuguese: hipocampo
→ Romanian: hipocamp
→ Spanish: hipocampo

→ Translingual: Hippocampus

From ῐ̔́ππος (híppos, “horse”) + κάμπος (kámpos, “sea-monster”).

af

(zoology) sea horse (fish of the genus Hippocampus)


σίλουρος

grc-noun

σίλουρος • (sílouros) m (genitive σιλούρου); second declension

sílouros (romanization)
σιλούρου (genitive)
ὁ σίλουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σίλουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιλούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιλούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σιλούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιλούροις (dative plural)
τὸν σίλουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σιλούρους (accusative plural)
σίλουρε (singular vocative)
σιλούρω (dual vocative)
σίλουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: silurus

→ Italian: siluro

→ Translingual: Silurus

Traditionally derived from οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) and an unclear first element, connected by Solmsen to σίλλος (síllos, “squint-eyed”) and Σειληνός (Seilēnós, “Silenus”). However, the word is rather formed with the Pre-Greek suffix "-ουρος".

Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis#Translingual


βάρακος

βᾰ́ρᾰκος • (bárakos) m (genitive βᾰρᾰ́κου); second declension

βᾰ́ρᾰκος (canonical)
bárakos (romanization)
βᾰρᾰ́κου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰ́ρᾰκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰ́ρᾰκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰρᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰρᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰρᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰ́ρᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰρᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰρᾰ́κους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́ρᾰκε (singular vocative)
βᾰρᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́ρᾰκοι (plural vocative)

Furnée compares βάλαγρος (bálagros, “kind of barb”) and suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


κέστρα

κέστρᾰ • (késtra) f (genitive κέστρᾱς); first declension

κέστρᾰ (canonical)
késtra (romanization)
κέστρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κέστρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κέστρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κέστραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κέστρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέστραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεστρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κέστρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέστραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κέστραις (dative plural)
τὴν κέστρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κέστρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κέστρᾱς (accusative plural)
κέστρᾰ (singular vocative)
κέστρᾱ (dual vocative)
κέστραι (plural vocative)

From κεντέω (kentéō, “to sting, goad”) + -τρα (-tra).


θύμαλλος

grc-noun

θῠ́μᾰλλος • (thúmallos) m (genitive θῠμᾰ́λλου); second declension

θῠ́μᾰλλος (canonical)
thúmallos (romanization)
θῠμᾰ́λλου (genitive)
ὁ θῠ́μᾰλλος (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠμᾰ́λλω (dual nominative)
οἱ θῠ́μᾰλλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠμᾰ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠμᾰ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠμᾰ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠμᾰ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠμᾰ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠμᾰ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸν θῠ́μᾰλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠμᾰ́λλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῠμᾰ́λλους (accusative plural)
θῠ́μᾰλλε (singular vocative)
θῠμᾰ́λλω (dual vocative)
θῠ́μᾰλλοι (plural vocative)

→ Italian: temolo

→ Translingual: Thymallus

The word has been connected with θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”), because of its scent. However, as the suffix -αλλος is Pre-Greek, it is improbable that the basic word was of inner-Greek formation.

unknown kind of fish, perhaps the grayling


βατίς

βᾰτῐ́ς • (batís) f (genitive βᾰτῐ́δος); third declension

βᾰτῐ́ς (canonical)
batís (romanization)
βᾰτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ βᾰτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
βᾰτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs batísi (dative plural)
taîs batísin (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾰτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
βᾰτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
βᾰτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

If the word is identical with βότις (bótis, “kind of fish”), the vowel interchange points to a Pre-Greek origin, which is to be expected for a fish name anyhow.

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


σφύραινα

σφῡ́ραινᾰ • (sphū́raina) f (genitive σφῡραίνης); first declension

σφῡ́ραινᾰ (canonical)
sphū́raina (romanization)
σφῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ σφῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σφῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σφῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σφῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σφῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σφῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν σφῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σφῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σφῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
σφῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
σφῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
σφῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sphyraena

→ Translingual: Sphyraena

From σφῦρα (sphûra, “hammer, mallet”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).

af

[A]: ἡ σφύραινα δ' ἐστὶ τίς;
[B]: κέστραν μὲν ὕμμες ὡττικοὶ κικλήσκετε
[A]: hē sphúraina d' estì tís?
[B]: késtran mèn húmmes hōttikoì kiklḗskete
[A]: a "sphúraina", what is that?
[B]: "Késtra" is what you, Attic-speakers, call it.


μαίνη

grc-noun

μαίνη • (maínē) f (genitive μαίνης); first declension

maínē (romanization)
μαίνης (genitive)
ἡ μαίνη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μαίνην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μαίνη (singular vocative)
μαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μαῖναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: maena

No etymology. The connection with Russian мен (men, “burbot”), Lithuanian ménkė (“haddock”) and Sanskrit मीन (mīna, “Pisces; sprat”) is extremely doubtful. Strömberg hesitatingly attempts to connect it with μαίνομαι (maínomai, “to rage”), by interpreting it as the "wild raging fish".

unk

No etymology


ἴκταρ

head

ἴκταρ • (íktar) m

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek. The suffix -αρ can also be seen in κύδαρ (kúdar), σκίναρ (skínar), and σῦφαρ (sûphar).


κωβιός

grc-noun

κωβῐός • (kōbiós) m (genitive κωβῐοῦ); second declension

κωβῐός (canonical)
kōbiós (romanization)
κωβῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κωβῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ κωβῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κωβῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωβῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωβῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωβῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κωβῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωβῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωβῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κωβῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κωβῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κωβῐούς (accusative plural)
κωβῐέ (singular vocative)
κωβῐώ (dual vocative)
κωβῐοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: gōbius (see there for further descendants)

→ English: goby

→ Translingual: Gobius

desc

Greek: γωβιός (goviós), γουβίδι (gouvídi)

→ Romanian: guvid

According to Beekes, probably a loan from Pre-Greek. Furnée compares Akkadian 𒆪𒇥 (kuppū, “kind of fish”), suggesting a Semitic origin.


ἀφύη

grc-noun

ἀφῠ́η • (aphúē) f (genitive ἀφῠ́ης); first declension

ἀφῠ́η (canonical)
aphúē (romanization)
ἀφῠ́ης (genitive)
ἡ ἀφῠ́η (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφῠ́ης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφῠ́ῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφῠ́ην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφῠ́η (singular vocative)
ἀφῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφῠ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Hebrew: עַפְיָן (afyan)

→ Latin: aphyē (see there for further descendants)

A derivation from ᾰ̓- (a-, “un-”) + φύω (phúō, “to grow”) seems folk-etymological, but is defended by Meier-Brügger, suggesting Proto-Indo-European *n̥-bʰúH-o- (“without growth”), which is a recent formation compared with Sanskrit अभ्व (abhva, “monster”). However, DELG keeps open the possibility of a substrate word.


μεμβράς

grc-noun

μεμβρᾰ́ς • (membrás) f (genitive μεμβρᾰ́δος); third declension

μεμβρᾰ́ς (canonical)
membrás (romanization)
μεμβρᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ μεμβρᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ μεμβρᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ μεμβρᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς μεμβρᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μεμβρᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μεμβρᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μεμβρᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μεμβρᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μεμβρᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
μεμβρᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs membrási (dative plural)
taîs membrásin (dative plural)
τὴν μεμβρᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μεμβρᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μεμβρᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
μεμβρᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
μεμβρᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
μεμβρᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

From the same Pre-Greek source of βαμβραδών (bambradṓn, “kind of sprat”) and βεβράδα (bebráda, “kind of smelt”).


οὐρανοσκόπος

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος

οὐρᾰνοσκόπου

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος • (ouranoskópos) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοσκόπου); second declension

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος (canonical)
ouranoskópos (romanization)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπου (genitive)
ὁ οὐρᾰνοσκόπος (nominative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (dual nominative)
οἱ οὐρᾰνοσκόποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οὐρᾰνοσκόπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοσκόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οὐρᾰνοσκόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ οὐρᾰνοσκόπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοσκόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οὐρᾰνοσκόποις (dative plural)
τὸν οὐρᾰνοσκόπον (accusative singular)
τὼ οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οὐρᾰνοσκόπους (accusative plural)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπε (singular vocative)
οὐρᾰνοσκόπω (dual vocative)
οὐρᾰνοσκόποι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

οὐρᾰνοσκόπος

→ Translingual: Uranoscopus

From οὐρᾰνός (ouranós, “heaven, sky”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, contemplate”).


πρέπων

grc-noun

πρέπων • (prépōn) m (genitive πρέποντος); third declension

prépōn (romanization)
πρέποντος (genitive)
ὁ πρέπων (nominative singular)
τὼ πρέποντε (dual nominative)
οἱ πρέποντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρέποντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρεπόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρεπόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρέποντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρεπόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρέπουσῐ (dative plural)
πρέπουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs prépousi (dative plural)
toîs prépousin (dative plural)
τὸν πρέποντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πρέποντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πρέποντᾰς (accusative plural)
πρέπον (singular vocative)
πρέποντε (dual vocative)
πρέποντες (plural vocative)

Perhaps from πρέπω (prépō, “to be appropriate”), properly "fit for eating".


ἰωνός

ἰωνός • (iōnós) m (genitive ἰωνοῦ); second declension

iōnós (romanization)
ἰωνοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἰωνός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰωνώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἰωνοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰωνοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰωνοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰωνῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰωνοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰωνοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἰωνόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰωνώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰωνούς (accusative plural)
ἰωνέ (singular vocative)
ἰωνώ (dual vocative)
ἰωνοί (plural vocative)


χαρακίας

χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱς • (kharakíās) m (genitive χᾰρᾰκῐ́ου); first declension

χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱς (canonical)
kharakíās (romanization)
χᾰρᾰκῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰρᾰκῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰρᾰκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰκῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρᾰκῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰκῐ́αιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰρᾰκῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
χᾰρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
χᾰρᾰκῐ́αι (plural vocative)

From χάραξ (khárax, “stake, pole, palisade”) + -ῐ́ᾱς (-íās).


καλλιώνυμος

grc-noun

κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μου

κᾰλλῐώνῠμος • (kalliṓnumos) m (genitive κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μου); second declension

κᾰλλῐώνῠμος (canonical)
kalliṓnumos (romanization)
κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰλλῐώνῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰλλῐώνῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰλλῐώνῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μους (accusative plural)
κᾰλλῐώνῠμε (singular vocative)
κᾰλλῐωνῠ́μω (dual vocative)
κᾰλλῐώνῠμοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: calliōnymus

→ Translingual: Callionymus

From καλλι- (kalli-, “beautiful”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”).


μελάνουρος

grc-noun

μελᾰ́νουρος • (melánouros) m (genitive μελᾰνούρου); second declension

μελᾰ́νουρος (canonical)
melánouros (romanization)
μελᾰνούρου (genitive)
ὁ μελᾰ́νουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μελᾰ́νουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελᾰνούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελᾰνούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μελᾰνούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελᾰνούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελᾰνούροις (dative plural)
τὸν μελᾰ́νουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελᾰνούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μελᾰνούρους (accusative plural)
μελᾰ́νουρε (singular vocative)
μελᾰνούρω (dual vocative)
μελᾰ́νουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: melanūrus

From μέλας (mélas, “black”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).


ζύγαινα

grc-noun

ζῠ́γαινᾰ • (zúgaina) f (genitive ζῠγαίνης); first declension

ζῠ́γαινᾰ (canonical)
zúgaina (romanization)
ζῠγαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ζῠ́γαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζῠγαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζῠ́γαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ζῠγαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζῠγαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζῠγαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζῠγαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζῠγαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζῠγαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ζῠ́γαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζῠγαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζῠγαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ζῠ́γαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ζῠγαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ζῠ́γαιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: ζύγαινα (zýgaina)

→ Translingual: Zygaena

→ Old Georgian: [Term?]

desctree

Georgian: ზვიგენი (zvigeni)
→ Bats: ზვიგე^ნ (zvigeⁿ)
→ Mingrelian: ზვიგენი (zvigeni)
→ Svan: ზუ̂იგენ (zûigen)

→ Latin: zygaena

→ Old Armenian: զիգն (zign)

From ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).


σαπέρδης

grc-noun

σᾱπέρδης • (sāpérdēs) m (genitive σᾱπέρδου); first declension

σᾱπέρδης (canonical)
sāpérdēs (romanization)
σᾱπέρδου (genitive)
ὁ σᾱπέρδης (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾱπέρδᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σᾱπέρδαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾱπέρδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾱπέρδαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾱπερδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾱπέρδῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾱπέρδαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾱπέρδαις (dative plural)
τὸν σᾱπέρδην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾱπέρδᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σᾱπέρδᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾱπέρδη (singular vocative)
σᾱπέρδᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾱπέρδαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sāperda

→ Translingual: Saperda

Certainly a borrowing. Furnée adduces σάβειρος (sábeiros, “tub-fish”) as a variant, suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

kind of fish found in the Nile and in the Black Sea


κορακῖνος

κορᾰκῖνος • (korakînos) m (genitive κορᾰκῑ́νου); second declension

κορᾰκῖνος (canonical)
korakînos (romanization)
κορᾰκῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κορᾰκῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κορᾰκῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κορᾰκῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κορᾰκῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορᾰκῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορᾰκῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κορᾰκῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορᾰκῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κορᾰκῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κορᾰκῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κορᾰκῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κορᾰκῑ́νους (accusative plural)
κορᾰκῖνε (singular vocative)
κορᾰκῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κορᾰκῖνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coracīnus

From κόραξ (kórax, “raven”) + -ῖνος (-înos).


ἴμβηρις

head

ἴμβηρις • (ímbēris)

The ending is reminiscent of λεβηρίς (lebērís, “snake skin, slough”). The word resembles some Balto-Slavic words for "eel", like Lithuanian ungurỹs and Russian у́горь (úgorʹ). However, the ending rather points to a Pre-Greek word. The relation to ἔγχελυς (énkhelus, “eel”) and Latin anguilla (“eel”) is unclear.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἔγχελυς (énkhelus, “eel”).


ἐρυθρῖνος

grc-noun

ἐρῠθρῖνος • (eruthrînos) m (genitive ἐρῠθρῑ́νου); second declension

ἐρῠθρῖνος (canonical)
eruthrînos (romanization)
ἐρῠθρῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἐρῠθρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠθρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρῠθρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠθρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠθρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠθρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠθρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠθρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠθρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρῠθρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠθρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρῠθρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ἐρῠθρῖνε (singular vocative)
ἐρῠθρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἐρῠθρῖνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: λυθρίνι (lythríni)

From ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “reddish, red”) + -ῖνος (-înos).

af

kind of fish, probably:
common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus)


κεφαλῖνος

grc-noun

κεφᾰλῖνος • (kephalînos) m (genitive κεφᾰλῑ́νου); second declension

κεφᾰλῖνος (canonical)
kephalînos (romanization)
κεφᾰλῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κεφᾰλῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κεφᾰλῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεφᾰλῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεφᾰλῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεφᾰλῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κεφᾰλῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κεφᾰλῑ́νους (accusative plural)
κεφᾰλῖνε (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κεφᾰλῖνοι (plural vocative)

From κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -ῖνος (-înos).

af

Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus#Translingual


πλατίστακος

grc-noun

πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκος

πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κου

πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκος • (platístakos) m (genitive πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κου); second declension

πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκος (canonical)
platístakos (romanization)
πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κου (genitive)
ὁ πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κους (accusative plural)
πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκε (singular vocative)
πλᾰτῐστᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πλᾰτῐ́στᾰκος

According to Beekes, related to the fish name πλάταξ (plátax).


ἄρχανος

grc-noun

ἄρχᾰνος • (árkhanos) m (genitive ἀρχᾰ́νου); second declension

ἄρχᾰνος (canonical)
árkhanos (romanization)
ἀρχᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἄρχᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρχᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄρχᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρχᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρχᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρχᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρχᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρχᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρχᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄρχᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρχᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀρχᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
ἄρχᾰνε (singular vocative)
ἀρχᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ἄρχᾰνοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin and related to other fish names, such as ἀχάρνας (akhárnas, “sea bass”) and Latin acernia (“grouper”).

unknown kind of seafish mentioned by Aristotle


κορύφαινα

κορῠ́φαινᾰ • (korúphaina) f (genitive κορῠφαίνης); first declension

κορῠ́φαινᾰ (canonical)
korúphaina (romanization)
κορῠφαίνης (genitive)
ἡ κορῠ́φαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κορῠφαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κορῠ́φαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κορῠφαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορῠφαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῠφαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κορῠφαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορῠφαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κορῠφαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν κορῠ́φαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κορῠφαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κορῠφαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
κορῠ́φαινᾰ (singular vocative)
κορῠφαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
κορῠ́φαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Italian: corifena

→ Translingual: Coryphaena

From κορυφή (koruphḗ, “top of the head, crown”) + -αινᾰ (-aina).

af

Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus#Translingual


κυπρῖνος

grc-noun

κῠπρῖνος • (kuprînos) m (genitive κῠπρῑ́νου); second declension

κῠπρῖνος (canonical)
kuprînos (romanization)
κῠπρῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κῠπρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠπρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠπρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠπρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠπρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠπρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠπρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠπρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠπρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠπρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠπρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠπρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠπρῖνε (singular vocative)
κῠπρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠπρῖνοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: cyprīnus
→ Translingual: Cyprinus

Other names for this fish, like Sanskrit शफर (śaphara), Lithuanian šāpalas and Late Latin carpa, are not related. The suffix -ῖν- is well-known in Pre-Greek.

Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio#Translingual


ἵππουρος

grc-noun

ἵππουρος • (híppouros) m (genitive ἵππουρου); second declension

híppouros (romanization)
ἵππουρου (genitive)
ὁ ἵππουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἵππουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱππούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱππούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱππούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱππούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱππούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱππούροις (dative plural)
τὸν ἵππουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱππούρους (accusative plural)
ἵππουρε (singular vocative)
ἱππούρω (dual vocative)
ἵππουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: hippūrus

From ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).


πορφυρίων

grc-noun

πορφῠρῐ́ονος

πορφῠρῐ́ων • (porphuríōn) m (genitive πορφῠρῐ́ονος); third declension

πορφῠρῐ́ων (canonical)
porphuríōn (romanization)
πορφῠρῐ́ονος (genitive)
ὁ πορφῠρῐ́ων (nominative singular)
τὼ πορφῠρῐ́ονε (dual nominative)
οἱ πορφῠρῐ́ονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πορφῠρῐ́ονος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορφῠρῐόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορφῠρῐόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πορφῠρῐ́ονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορφῠρῐόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πορφῠρῐ́οσῐ (dative plural)
πορφῠρῐ́οσῐν (dative plural)
toîs porphuríosi (dative plural)
toîs porphuríosin (dative plural)
τὸν πορφῠρῐ́ονᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πορφῠρῐ́ονε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πορφῠρῐ́ονᾰς (accusative plural)
πορφῠρῐ́ον (singular vocative)
πορφῠρῐ́ονε (dual vocative)
πορφῠρῐ́ονες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πορφῠρῐ́ονος


πέλτης

grc-noun

πέλτης • (péltēs) m (genitive πέλτου); first declension

péltēs (romanization)
πέλτου (genitive)
ὁ πέλτης (nominative singular)
τὼ πέλτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ πέλται (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέλτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέλταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πελτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πέλτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέλταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέλταις (dative plural)
τὸν πέλτην (accusative singular)
τὼ πέλτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πέλτᾱς (accusative plural)
πέλτᾰ (singular vocative)
πέλτᾱ (dual vocative)
πέλται (plural vocative)

the Nile-fish coracinus after being pickled


φῦσα

φῦσᾰ • (phûsa) f (genitive φῡ́σης); first declension

φῦσᾰ (canonical)
phûsa (romanization)
φῡ́σης (genitive)
ἡ φῦσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῡ́σᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῦσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φῡ́σης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῡ́σαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῡσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῡ́σῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῡ́σαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῡ́σαις (dative plural)
τὴν φῦσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῡ́σᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῡ́σᾱς (accusative plural)
φῦσᾰ (singular vocative)
φῡ́σᾱ (dual vocative)
φῦσαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Physostigma

Nominal formation in σᾶ (sâ), with the exact form and origin of the root unclear. Candidates include φυ- (phu-), φυσ- (phus-), φυτ- (phut-), or φυκ- (phuk-), but none of these can be shown to have existed in Greek.
Comparanda include Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath, wind, fart”) (< φυκ-ι̯α (phuk-i̯a); however, φῦσα (phûsa) cannot derive from this form), Sanskrit फूत्करोति (phūtkaroti, “to puff, blow”) (< φυτ-ι̯α (phut-i̯a)), फुफुस (phuphusa, “lungs”), as well as Latin pustula (“bladder”),Classical Persian پوگان (pūgān, “uterus”),Dari پوقانه (pōqāna, “urine bladder”),Iranian Persian پپ (pop, “lung (Qaenī dialect)”), Old Church Slavonic пухати (puxati, “to blow”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (puṣyati, “to thrive, prosper”). (< φυσ- (phus-)).
Despite the existence of all this Indo-European material, the word may well have a Pre-Greek origin, based on the suffix of the derivative φῦσιγξ (phûsinx, “heel blister”), as well as the lack of solid evidence for a Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. Regardless, the words mentioned above, as well as the Greek term, may have onomatopoeic origins.


πρίστις

grc-noun

πρῐ́στῐς • (prístis) f (genitive πρῐ́στεως); third declension

πρῐ́στῐς (canonical)
prístis (romanization)
πρῐ́στεως (genitive)
ἡ πρῐ́στῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πρῐ́στει (dual nominative)
αἱ πρῐ́στεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πρῐ́στεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρῐστέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρῐ́στεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πρῐ́στει (dative singular)
τοῖν πρῐστέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρῐ́στεσῐ (dative plural)
πρῐ́στεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs prístesi (dative plural)
taîs prístesin (dative plural)
τὴν πρῐ́στῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πρῐ́στει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρῐ́στεις (accusative plural)
πρῐ́στῐ (singular vocative)
πρῐ́στει (dual vocative)
πρῐ́στεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pristis

→ Translingual: Pristis

From πρίζω (prízō, “to saw”) + -τις (-tis, nominal suffix).

af

Common sawfish (Pristis pristis, syn. Pristis antiquorum).


γερῖνος

grc-noun

γερῖνος • (gerînos) m (genitive γερῑ́νου); second declension

gerînos (romanization)
γερῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ γερῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ γερῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ γερῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γερῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γερῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γερῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ γερῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γερῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γερῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν γερῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ γερῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γερῑ́νους (accusative plural)
γερῖνε (singular vocative)
γερῑ́νω (dual vocative)
γερῖνοι (plural vocative)


βάλαγρος

βᾰ́λᾰγρος • (bálagros) m (genitive βᾰλᾰ́γρου); second declension

βᾰ́λᾰγρος (canonical)
bálagros (romanization)
βᾰλᾰ́γρου (genitive)
ὁ βᾰ́λᾰγρος (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰ́λᾰγροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰλᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰλᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰλᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰ́λᾰγρον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰλᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λᾰγρε (singular vocative)
βᾰλᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λᾰγροι (plural vocative)

Furnée compares βάρακος (bárakos, “kind of fish”); this is uncertain. Still, the word is certainly Pre-Greek, because of the variants.

sort of freshwater fish, perhaps a kind of carp


ἴωψ

ἴωψ • (íōps) m (genitive ἴωπος); third declension

íōps (romanization)
ἴωπος (genitive)
ὁ ἴωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἴωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἴωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἴωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἴωψῐ (dative plural)
ἴωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs íōpsi (dative plural)
toîs íōpsin (dative plural)
τὸν ἴωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἴωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἴωπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἴωψ (singular vocative)
ἴωπε (dual vocative)
ἴωπες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, undoubtedly a local word for small useless fish, thus from Pre-Greek.


λαζίνης

head

λαζίνης • (lazínēs)

Clearly related to μαζίνης (mazínēs, “cod”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: καλλαρίας ἰχθῦς (kallarías ikhthûs, literally “cod-fish”).


κανθαρίς

grc-noun

κᾰνθᾰρῐ́ς • (kantharís) f (genitive κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δος); third declension

κᾰνθᾰρῐ́ς (canonical)
kantharís (romanization)
κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κᾰνθᾰρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰνθᾰρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κᾰνθᾰρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs kantharísi (dative plural)
taîs kantharísin (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰνθᾰρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κᾰνθᾰρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cantharis

→ Translingual: Cantharis

From κάνθαρος (kántharos, “dung beetle”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


χαλκίς

grc-noun

χᾰλκῐ́ς • (khalkís) f (genitive χᾰλκῐ́δος); third declension

χᾰλκῐ́ς (canonical)
khalkís (romanization)
χᾰλκῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
χᾰλκῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs khalkísi (dative plural)
taîs khalkísin (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰλκῐ́ς (singular vocative)
χᾰλκῐ́δε (dual vocative)
χᾰλκῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chalcis

From χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís) or perhaps from the toponym Χαλκίς (Khalkís).


ὀρφώς

ὀρφώς • (orphṓs) m (genitive ὀρφώ); second declension

orphṓs (romanization)
ὀρφώ (genitive)
ὁ ὀρφώς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρφώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀρφῴ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀρφώ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρφῴν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρφών (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀρφῴ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρφῴν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀρφῴς (dative plural)
τὸν ὀρφώ (accusative singular)
ὀρφών (accusative singular)
tòn orphṓ (accusative singular)
tòn orphṓn (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρφώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀρφώς (accusative plural)
ὀρφώς (singular vocative)
ὀρφώ (dual vocative)
ὀρφῴ (plural vocative)

Greek: ροφός (rofós)

desctree

→ Latin: orphus
German: Orfe
English: orfe

→ Old Armenian: որփոս (orpʻos)

Unknown. Formation like the fish names λαγώς (lagṓs) and ἀχαρνώς (akharnṓs). Often compared to ὄρφνη (órphnē, “darkness of night”), with reference to the color, but unclear in detail. Connected with ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphan”) by Bechtel, but without semantic argumentation; perhaps because of its solitary way of life.


ἔγγραυλις

grc-noun

ἔγγραυλῐς • (éngraulis) f (genitive ἐγγραύλεως); third declension

ἔγγραυλῐς (canonical)
éngraulis (romanization)
ἐγγραύλεως (genitive)
ἡ ἔγγραυλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγγραύλει (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐγγραύλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐγγραύλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγγραυλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγγραύλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐγγραύλει (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγγραυλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐγγραύλεσῐ (dative plural)
ἐγγραύλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs engraúlesi (dative plural)
taîs engraúlesin (dative plural)
τὴν ἔγγραυλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγγραύλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐγγραύλεις (accusative plural)
ἔγγραυλῐ (singular vocative)
ἐγγραύλει (dual vocative)
ἐγγραύλεις (plural vocative)

Greek: γαύρος (gávros)

→ Translingual: Engraulis

Unexplained. Strömberg starts from an unattested verb *ἐγγραυλίζω (*engraulízō), beside γρυλίζω (grulízō, “to grumble”); thus this word would mean "the grumbling one". However, the variation αυ/υ is not convincing.

unk

Unexplained

Engraulis encrasicolus
Engraulis encrasicolus#Translingual

European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)


τράχουρος

grc-noun

τρᾱ́χουρος • (trā́khouros) m (genitive τρᾱχούρου); second declension

τρᾱ́χουρος (canonical)
trā́khouros (romanization)
τρᾱχούρου (genitive)
ὁ τρᾱ́χουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾱχούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ τρᾱ́χουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τρᾱχούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾱχούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾱχούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ τρᾱχούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾱχούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τρᾱχούροις (dative plural)
τὸν τρᾱ́χουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾱχούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τρᾱχούρους (accusative plural)
τρᾱ́χουρε (singular vocative)
τρᾱχούρω (dual vocative)
τρᾱ́χουροι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Trachurus

From τραχύς (trakhús, “rough”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).

affix

Trachurus trachurus
Trachurus trachurus#Translingual


ψῆττα

grc-noun

ψῆττᾰ • (psêtta) f (genitive ψήττης); first declension

ψῆττᾰ (canonical)
psêtta (romanization)
ψήττης (genitive)
ἡ ψῆττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψήττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῆτται (nominative plural)
τῆς ψήττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψήτταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψηττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψήττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψήτταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψήτταις (dative plural)
τὴν ψῆττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψήττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψήττᾱς (accusative plural)
ψῆττᾰ (singular vocative)
ψήττᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῆτται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: psētta

Unclear. Frisk suggests it could stand for *ψήχια (*psḗkhia), from ψήχω (psḗkhō, “to rub down”) (because of its hard, raw skin), comparing θρίσσα (thríssa, “kind of fish”) and θρίξ (thríx, “hair”). Of course, this is only a suggestion.

unk

Unclear


μορμύρος

grc-noun

μορμῠ́ρος • (mormúros) m (genitive μορμῠ́ρου); second declension

μορμῠ́ρος (canonical)
mormúros (romanization)
μορμῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ μορμῠ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ μορμῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ μορμῠ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μορμῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μορμῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μορμῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μορμῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μορμῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μορμῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν μορμῠ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ μορμῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μορμῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
μορμῠ́ρε (singular vocative)
μορμῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
μορμῠ́ροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: mormyr

→ Italian: mormora

→ Translingual: Mormyrus

According to Strömberg, from μορμύρω (mormúrō, “to roar and boil”), if the fish meant here would properly be the "bubble-blower". The connection with μύρω (múrō, “to flow, trickle”) is not convincing. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin.


ἐχενηΐς

ἐχενηΐς • (ekhenēḯs) f (genitive ἐχενηΐδος); third declension

ekhenēḯs (romanization)
ἐχενηΐδος (genitive)
ἡ ἐχενηΐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχενηῐ̈́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐχενηῐ̈́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐχενηῐ̈́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχενηῐ̈́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχενηῐ̈́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐχενηῐ̈́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχενηῐ̈́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐχενηῐ̈́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐχενηῐ̈́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ekhenēḯsi (dative plural)
taîs ekhenēḯsin (dative plural)
τὴν ἐχενηῐ̈́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχενηῐ̈́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐχενηῐ̈́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐχενηΐς (singular vocative)
ἐχενηῐ̈́δε (dual vocative)
ἐχενηῐ̈́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: echenēis

→ Translingual: Echeneis

From ἔχω (ékhō, “to hold, detain”) + ναῦς (naûs, “ship”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

af

remora, suckerfish (fish of the family Echeneidae)


πομπίλος

grc-noun

πομπῐ́λος • (pompílos) m (genitive πομπῐ́λου); second declension

πομπῐ́λος (canonical)
pompílos (romanization)
πομπῐ́λου (genitive)
ὁ πομπῐ́λος (nominative singular)
τὼ πομπῐ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ πομπῐ́λοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πομπῐ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πομπῐ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πομπῐ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ πομπῐ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πομπῐ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πομπῐ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν πομπῐ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ πομπῐ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πομπῐ́λους (accusative plural)
πομπῐ́λε (singular vocative)
πομπῐ́λω (dual vocative)
πομπῐ́λοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pompilus

→ Translingual: Pompilus

From πομπός (pompós, “conductor, guide”).


χρύσοφρυς

χρῡ́σοφρῠς • (khrū́sophrus) m (genitive χρῡσόφρῠος); third declension

χρῡ́σοφρῠς (canonical)
khrū́sophrus (romanization)
χρῡσόφρῠος (genitive)
ὁ χρῡ́σοφρῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσόφρῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσόφρῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσόφρῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοφρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσοφρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσόφρῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χρῡσόφρυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοφρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσόφρῠσῐ (dative plural)
χρῡσόφρῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khrūsóphrusi (dative plural)
toîs khrūsóphrusin (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡ́σοφρῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσόφρῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσόφρῡς (accusative plural)
χρῡσόφρῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χρῡ́σοφρῠ (singular vocative)
χρῡσόφρῠε (dual vocative)
χρῡσόφρῠες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Chrysophrys

→ Latin: chrȳsophrys

From χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + ὀφρῡ́ς (ophrū́s, “eyebrow”), because this fish has a golden spot over each eye.

compound

Sparus aurata
Sparus aurata#Translingual


ἐγκρασίχολος

grc-noun

ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολος

ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλου

ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολος • (enkrāsíkholos) m (genitive ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλου); second declension

ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολος (canonical)
enkrāsíkholos (romanization)
ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλου (genitive)
ὁ ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλους (accusative plural)
ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολε (singular vocative)
ἐγκρᾱσῐχόλω (dual vocative)
ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἐγκρᾱσῐ́χολος

Maybe called this way because its intestines are attached to the head.


λυκόστομος

grc-noun

λῠκόστομος • (lukóstomos) m (genitive λῠκοστόμου); second declension

λῠκόστομος (canonical)
lukóstomos (romanization)
λῠκοστόμου (genitive)
ὁ λῠκόστομος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκοστόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ λῠκόστομοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠκοστόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκοστόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκοστόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠκοστόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκοστόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠκοστόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν λῠκόστομον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκοστόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λῠκοστόμους (accusative plural)
λῠκόστομε (singular vocative)
λῠκοστόμω (dual vocative)
λῠκόστομοι (plural vocative)

From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) + στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).