βήχιον

βήχῐον • (bḗkhĭon) n (genitive βηχῐ́ου); second declension

βήχῐον (canonical)
bḗkhĭon (romanization)
βηχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βήχῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βηχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βήχῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βηχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βηχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βηχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βηχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βηχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βηχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βήχῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βηχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βήχῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βήχῐον (singular vocative)
βηχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βήχῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: bēchion

From βήξ (bḗx, “cough”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Tussilago farfara
Tussilago farfara#Translingual


ἀκτέα

grc-noun

ἀκτέᾱ • (aktéā) f (genitive ἀκτέᾱς); first declension

ἀκτέᾱ (canonical)
aktéā (romanization)
ἀκτέᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκτέᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκτέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκτέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκτέᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκτέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκτεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκτέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκτέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκτέαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκτέᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκτέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκτέᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀκτέᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀκτέᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀκτέαι (plural vocative)

Greek: ακτέα (aktéa)

→ Latin: actē

Unknown. The suffix -έᾱ (-éā) is frequent in tree names, like ἰτέᾱ (itéā, “willow”) and πτελέᾱ (pteléā, “elm”). Witczak connects the word with Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”), which he disassociates from ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”).

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual


κεκρύφαλος

κεκρύφᾰλος • (kekrúphălos) m (genitive κεκρῠφάλου); second declension

κεκρύφᾰλος (canonical)
kekrúphălos (romanization)
κεκρῠφάλου (genitive)
ὁ κεκρῠ́φᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κεκρῠφᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεκρῠφᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κεκρῠφᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεκρῠφᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κεκρῠφᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κεκρῠ́φᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κεκρῠφᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλε (singular vocative)
κεκρῠφᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
κεκρῠ́φᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, undoubtedly of Pre-Greek origin even if traditionally linked to κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”).

(zoology) reticulum, the second stomach of ruminants


λύκιον

λύκῐον • (lúkĭon) n (genitive λῠκίου); second declension

λύκῐον (canonical)
lúkĭon (romanization)
λῠκίου (genitive)
τὸ λῠ́κῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠκῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́κῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠκῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠκῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠκῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠκῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠκῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠκῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠ́κῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠκῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠ́κῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠ́κῐον (singular vocative)
λῠκῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λῠ́κῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Lycium

Maybe from Λυκία (Lukía, “Lycia”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because this plant grows mainly in Cappadocia and Lycia.


λύκαψος

grc-noun

λύκαψος • (lúkapsos) m (genitive λῠκάψου); second declension

lúkapsos (romanization)
λῠκάψου (genitive)
ὁ λύκαψος (nominative singular)
τὼ λυκάψω (dual nominative)
οἱ λύκαψοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λυκάψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λυκάψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λυκάψων (genitive plural)
τῷ λυκάψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λυκάψοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λυκάψοις (dative plural)
τὸν λύκαψον (accusative singular)
τὼ λυκάψω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λυκάψους (accusative plural)
λύκαψε (singular vocative)
λυκάψω (dual vocative)
λύκαψοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to χορδαψός (khordapsós), σκινδαψός (skindapsós) and γαληψός (galēpsós), so it is probably a Pre-Greek word.


ἔχιον

ἔχῐον • (ékhĭon) n (genitive ἐχῐ́ου); second declension

ἔχῐον (canonical)
ékhĭon (romanization)
ἐχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἔχῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔχῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔχῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔχῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔχῐον (singular vocative)
ἐχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἔχῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Echium

From ἔχις (ékhis, “viper”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because of the resemblance of the fruit to the head of a snake.

af

Echium plantagineum
Echium plantagineum#Translingual

purple viper's bugloss (Echium plantagineum)


μύραινα

grc-noun

μῡ́ραινα • (mū́raina) f (genitive μῡραίνης); first declension

μῡ́ραινα (canonical)
mū́raina (romanization)
μῡραίνης (genitive)
ἡ μῡ́ραινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῡ́ραιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῡραίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῡραινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῡραίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῡραίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῡραίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μῡ́ραινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ μῡραίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῡραίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μῡ́ραινᾰ (singular vocative)
μῡραίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μῡ́ραιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: murēna, muraena (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Armenian: զմիւռնեա (zmiwṙnea)

Traditionally connected with σμύρις (smúris, “emery powder”) and with words for 'grease, fat', like Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease”), which would fit the eel as a fat creature. However, this does not explain the long "ῡ". According to Beekes, names of fish are often Pre-Greek and the suffix -αινᾰ (-aină) is well-known in such words.


φιλύρα

φιλύρᾱ • (philúrā) f (genitive φιλύρᾱς); first declension

φιλύρᾱ (canonical)
philúrā (romanization)
φιλύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ φιλύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ φιλύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φιλύραι (nominative plural)
τῆς φιλύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν φιλύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φιλυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φιλύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φιλύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φιλύραις (dative plural)
τὴν φιλύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ φιλύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φιλύρᾱς (accusative plural)
φιλύρᾱ (singular vocative)
φιλύρᾱ (dual vocative)
φιλύραι (plural vocative)

Greek: φιλύρα (filýra)

Latin: philyra

Strömberg surmises a compound of φίλος (phílos, “friend”) + ὕρον (húron, “swarm of bees”), because the linden attracts bees (compare Latin apium (“celery”) from apis (“bee”) and German Bienenbaum (“maple”) from Biene (“bee”)). The European lime tree is not native of Greece, so it is probably a substrate word, perhaps Pre-Greek.


ἄμωμον

grc-noun

ἄμωμον • (ámōmon) n (genitive ἀμώμου); second declension

ámōmon (romanization)
ἀμώμου (genitive)
τὸ ἄμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄμωμον (singular vocative)
ἀμώμω (dual vocative)
ἄμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: amōmum
Catalan: amom
French: amome
Galician: amomo
Italian: amomo
Portuguese: amomo
Spanish: amomo
Translingual: Amomum
→ English: amomum

An Oriental loanword of lost provenience, also found as Classical Syriac ܚܡܵܡܵܐ (ḥəmāmā) → Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā).

cog

Arabic حَمَامَا (ḥamāmā)


ψαμμοδύτης

grc-noun

ψαμμοδῠ́της • (psammodŭ́tēs) m (genitive ψαμμοδῠ́του); first declension

ψαμμοδῠ́της (canonical)
psammodŭ́tēs (romanization)
ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive)
ὁ ψαμμοδῠ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ψαμμοδῠ́ται (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαμμοδῠ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαμμοδῠτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαμμοδῠ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαμμοδῠ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαμμοδῠ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν ψαμμοδῠ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾰ (singular vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ψαμμοδῠ́ται (plural vocative)

ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”) + δύω (dúō, “dive”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).

affix

name of a fish that buries itself in the sand (literally sand-diver)


πιστάκη

grc-noun

πῐστᾰ́κη • (pĭstắkē) f (genitive πῐστᾰ́κης); first declension

πῐστᾰ́κη (canonical)
pĭstắkē (romanization)
πῐστᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ πῐστᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐστᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐστᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐστᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐστᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐστᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐστᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐστᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐστᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐστᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐστᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
πῐστᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐστᾰ́και (plural vocative)

Of Iranian origin. Compare Northern Kurdish pisteq, Persian پسته (pesta, peste), Middle Persian pstk' (pistag, “pistachio nut”), Old Armenian պիստակ (pistak) (from Iranian).

cog

Pistacia vera
Pistacia vera#Translingual


θύαρος

grc-noun

θύαρος • (thúaros) m (genitive θυάρου); second declension

thúaros (romanization)
θυάρου (genitive)
ὁ θύαρος (nominative singular)
τὼ θυάρω (dual nominative)
οἱ θύαροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θυάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θυάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θυάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θυάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θυάροις (dative plural)
τὸν θύαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ θυάρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θυάρους (accusative plural)
θύαρε (singular vocative)
θυάρω (dual vocative)
θύαροι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to κόμαρος (kómaros) and κίσθαρος (kístharos). The suffix in "-αρος" points to a Pre-Greek word and connection with θύω (thúō, “to rage, seethe”) is a mere guess.

Lolium temulentum
Lolium temulentum#Translingual

(Koine) ryegrass, darnel (Lolium temulentum)


παλίουρος

πᾰλίουρος • (pălíouros) m or f (genitive πᾰλῐούρου); second declension

πᾰλίουρος (canonical)
pălíouros (romanization)
πᾰλῐούρου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ πᾰλῐ́ουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰλῐούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ πᾰλῐ́ουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς πᾰλῐούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰλῐούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰλῐούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ πᾰλῐούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰλῐούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς πᾰλῐούροις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν πᾰλῐ́ουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰλῐούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς πᾰλῐούρους (accusative plural)
πᾰλῐ́ουρε (singular vocative)
πᾰλῐούρω (dual vocative)
πᾰλῐ́ουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: paliūrus

→ Translingual: Paliurus

A connection with οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) makes little sense, nor it is to be taken with οὖρον (oûron, “urine”). The word is most probably Pre-Greek.

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual


λάριξ

λάριξ • (lárix) m (genitive λάρῐκος); third declension

lárix (romanization)
λάρῐκος (genitive)
ἡ λάρῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λάρῐκε (dual nominative)
αἱ λάρῐκες (nominative plural)
τῆς λάρῐκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαρῐ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαρῐ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ λάρῐκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαρῐ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λάρῐξῐ (dative plural)
λάρῐξῐν (dative plural)
taîs lárĭxĭ (dative plural)
taîs lárĭxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν λάρῐκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λάρῐκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λάρῐκᾰς (accusative plural)
λάρῐξ (singular vocative)
λάρῐκε (dual vocative)
λάρῐκες (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: larix
Franco-Provençal: larze
Ligurian: arzo
Lombard: lares, lars, larza
Borrowings:
→ Basque: laritz
→ Catalan: làrix
→ Dutch: lariks
→ Georgian: ლარიქსი (lariksi)
→ Greek: λάρικας (lárikas)
→ Irish: learóg
→ Italian: larice
→ Portuguese: lariço
→ Romanian: larice
→ Scottish Gaelic: learag
→ Spanish: lárice
→ Translingual: Larix
→ Proto-West Germanic: *larikā (see there for further descendants)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ariš

→ Translingual: Larix

Possibly from Gaulish, itself from Proto-Celtic *daru.


γαληψός

grc-noun

γαληψός • (galēpsós) f (genitive γαληψοῦ); second declension

galēpsós (romanization)
γαληψοῦ (genitive)
ἡ γαληψός (nominative singular)
τὼ γαληψώ (dual nominative)
αἱ γαληψοί (nominative plural)
τῆς γαληψοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γαληψοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γαληψῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γαληψῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γαληψοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς γαληψοῖς (dative plural)
τὴν γαληψόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γαληψώ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γαληψούς (accusative plural)
γαληψέ (singular vocative)
γαληψώ (dual vocative)
γαληψοί (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to χορδαψός (khordapsós), σκινδαψός (skindapsós) and λύκαψος (lúkapsos), so it is probably a Pre-Greek word. Compare Γαληψός (Galēpsós), considered Pre-Greek for the same reason. γαληψός (galēpsós) may be derived from the place name.

Mediterranean figwort (Scrophularia peregrina)


κράνον

κράνον • (kránon) n (genitive κράνου); second declension

kránon (romanization)
κράνου (genitive)
τὸ κρᾰ́νον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρᾰ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νᾰ (accusative plural)
κρᾰ́νον (singular vocative)
κρᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κρᾰ́νᾰ (plural vocative)

Beekes suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *krno-, a root shared also by Latin cornus (“cornel”) and possibly Lithuanian Kirnis (“a god who protects cherries”). A Mediterranean substrate origin is also possible, which has to be assumed for κέρασος (kérasos, “cherry tree”) in any case.


ῥαφίς

grc-noun

ῥαφῐ́ς • (rhaphĭ́s) f (genitive ῥαφῐ́δος); third declension

ῥαφῐ́ς (canonical)
rhaphĭ́s (romanization)
ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ῥαφῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥαφῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ῥαφῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs rhaphĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs rhaphĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῥαφῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥαφῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ῥαφῐ́δες (plural vocative)

English: raphide

Translingual: Limnoraphis, Raphidiopsis

From ῥάπτω (rháptō, “to sew”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).

Belone belone
Belone belone#Translingual


τέρμινθος

τέρμῐνθος • (térmĭnthos) f (genitive τερμῐ́νθου); second declension

τέρμῐνθος (canonical)
térmĭnthos (romanization)
τερμῐ́νθου (genitive)
ἡ τέρμῐνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ τερμῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
αἱ τέρμῐνθοι (nominative plural)
τῆς τερμῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τερμῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τερμῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῇ τερμῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τερμῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τερμῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὴν τέρμῐνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ τερμῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τερμῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
τέρμῐνθε (singular vocative)
τερμῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
τέρμῐνθοι (plural vocative)

→ Old Georgian: ტერემინთოჲ (ṭeremintoy)

The suffix "-ινθος" proves a Pre-Greek origin. The form τερέβινθος (terébinthos) was perhaps influenced by ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”).

Pistacia terebinthus
Pistacia terebinthus#Translingual


νίρνος

head

νίρνος • (nírnos)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: φθείρ (phtheír, “louse”).


βαλαύστιον

grc-noun

βαλαύστιον • (balaústion) n (genitive βαλαυστίου); second declension

balaústion (romanization)
βαλαυστίου (genitive)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (nominative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βαλαυστίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαλαυστίων (genitive plural)
τῷ βαλαυστίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαλαυστίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βαλαυστίοις (dative plural)
τὸ βαλαύστιον (accusative singular)
τὼ βαλαυστίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βαλαύστιᾰ (accusative plural)
βαλαύστιον (singular vocative)
βαλαυστίω (dual vocative)
βαλαύστιᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: balaustium

→ Italian: balaustro

Put by Beekes as acquired via Pre-Greek, because of the αυ/ω variation, together with βάλαρις (bálaris, an unclear plant), βαλλωτή (ballōtḗ, “black horehound”), βάλλις (bállis, “a plant with wonderful medicinal properties”).
Likely also related to Imperial Aramaic 𐡁𐡀𐡋𐡀𐡈 (bʾlʾṭ, “pomegranate shoot”), Classical Syriac ܒܠܳܨܳܐ (blāṣā, “pomegranate shoot”) and a Semitic borrowing maybe. However an explanation of the words remains difficult; see Arabic رُمَّان (rummān) for another difficult pomegranate term.


λέρος

grc-noun

λέρος • (léros) m (genitive λέρου); second declension

léros (romanization)
λέρου (genitive)
ὁ λέρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λέρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λέροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λέρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λέρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λέροις (dative plural)
τὸν λέρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λέρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λέρους (accusative plural)
λέρε (singular vocative)
λέρω (dual vocative)
λέροι (plural vocative)


ἀδίκη

ἀδῐ́κη • (adĭ́kē) f (genitive ἀδῐ́κης); first declension

ἀδῐ́κη (canonical)
adĭ́kē (romanization)
ἀδῐ́κης (genitive)
ἡ ἀδῐ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀδῐ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀδῐ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀδῐ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀδῐ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀδῐκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀδῐ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀδῐ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀδῐ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀδῐ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀδῐ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀδῐ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀδῐ́κη (singular vocative)
ἀδῐ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀδῐ́και (plural vocative)

The suffix "-ίκη" is found also in ἑλίκη (helíkē) and μυρίκη (muríkē, “tamarisk”). A connection with Proto-West Germanic *natilā (“nettle”) has been proposed. Alternatively it might be a substrate word, maybe from Pre-Greek.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica#Translingual


συκόμορος

σῡκόμορος • (sūkómoros) f (genitive σῡκομόρου); second declension

σῡκόμορος (canonical)
sūkómoros (romanization)
σῡκομόρου (genitive)
ἡ σῡκόμορος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῡκομόρω (dual nominative)
αἱ σῡκόμοροι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῡκομόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῡκομόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῡκομόρων (genitive plural)
τῇ σῡκομόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῡκομόροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῡκομόροις (dative plural)
τὴν σῡκόμορον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῡκομόρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῡκομόρους (accusative plural)
σῡκόμορε (singular vocative)
σῡκομόρω (dual vocative)
σῡκόμοροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sȳcomorus

From σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + μόρον (móron, “mulberry”).

compound

Ficus sycomorus
Ficus sycomorus#Translingual


μαρτιχόρας

grc-noun

μαρτῐχόρᾱς • (martĭkhórās) m (genitive μαρτῐχόρου); first declension

μαρτῐχόρᾱς (canonical)
martĭkhórās (romanization)
μαρτῐχόρου (genitive)
ὁ μαρτῐχόρᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρτῐχόραι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρτῐχόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρτῐχορῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρτῐχόρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρτῐχόραιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρτῐχόραις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρτῐχόρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρτῐχόρᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρτῐχόρᾱς (accusative plural)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (singular vocative)
μαρτῐχόρᾱ (dual vocative)
μαρτῐχόραι (plural vocative)

→ English: manticore

From Iranian; compare Old Persian 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 (m-r-t-i-y /martiya/, “man, mortal”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”)) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraⁱti, “to consume, eat”).


κασία

grc-noun

κᾰσίᾱ • (kăsíā) f (genitive κᾰσίᾱς); first declension

κᾰσίᾱ (canonical)
kăsíā (romanization)
κᾰσίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κᾰσίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰσίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰσίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰσιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰσίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰσίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰσίαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰσίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰσίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰσίᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰσίᾱ (singular vocative)
κᾰσίᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰσίαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cassia

From a Semitic source equalling Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā), Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā), from קְצַע (qṣaʿ, “to cut off”), referencing the manner the tree produce is reaped.

cog

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā)

Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā)


πολύγονον

grc-noun

πολύγονον • (polúgonon) n (genitive πολυγόνου); second declension

polúgonon (romanization)
πολυγόνου (genitive)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠγόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠγόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠγόνοις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠ́γονον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠγόνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠ́γονᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠ́γονον (singular vocative)
πολῠγόνω (dual vocative)
πολῠ́γονᾰ (plural vocative)

From πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), or neuter of πολύγονος (polúgonos, “prolific”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γόνος (gónos, “offspring”).

affix

πολύγονον ἄρρεν (árrhen, “male”), knotweed, Polygonum aviculare

Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare#Translingual

πολύγονον θῆλυ (thêlu, “female”), (probably) common mare's tail (Hippuris vulgaris)

Hippuris vulgaris
Hippuris vulgaris#Translingual


ἀστράβη

grc-noun

ἀστράβη • (astrábē) f (genitive ἀστράβης); first declension

astrábē (romanization)
ἀστράβης (genitive)
ἡ ἀστράβη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀστράβᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀστράβαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀστράβης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀστράβαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀστραβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀστράβῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀστράβαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀστράβαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀστράβην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀστράβᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀστράβᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀστράβη (singular vocative)
ἀστράβᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀστράβαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Astrabe

A connection with ἀστραβής (astrabḗs, “steadfast”) is improbable. According to Beekes, the variation αβ/απ is well-known in substrate words, so it may well be a Pre-Greek word.


δερμηστής

δερμηστής • (dermēstḗs) m (genitive δερμηστοῦ); first declension

dermēstḗs (romanization)
δερμηστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ δερμηστής (nominative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ δερμησταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ δερμηστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν δερμηστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δερμηστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν δερμησταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς δερμησταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν δερμηστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ δερμηστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δερμηστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
δερμηστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
δερμηστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
δερμησταί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Dermestes

δέρμᾰ (dérmă, “skin”) + ἔδω (édō, “eat”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).


κύμινδις

grc-noun

κύ̆μινδῐς • (kú̆mindĭs) m or f (genitive κῠμίνδῐδος); third declension

κύ̆μινδῐς (canonical)
kú̆mindĭs (romanization)
κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠ́μινδῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠμίνδῐδες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠμίνδῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠμινδῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠμίνδῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠμινδῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠμίνδῐσῐ (dative plural)
κῠμίνδῐσῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kŭmíndĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs kŭmíndĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠμίνδῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠμίνδῐδε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠμίνδῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
κῠ́μινδῐς (singular vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδε (dual vocative)
κῠμίνδῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cybindis

Clearly a loanword, because of the suffix "-νδ-"; perhaps of Anatolian or Pre-Greek origin.


ῥόα

ῥόα • (rhóa) f (genitive ῥόᾱς); first declension

rhóa (romanization)
ῥόᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ῥόᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥόαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥόᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥοῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥόᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥόαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥόαις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥόᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥόᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥόᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥόᾰ (singular vocative)
ῥόᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥόαι (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”), because of the richness of the juice, with hypothetical original form *ῥοϝ-ιά (*rhow-iá). However, a Pre-Greek origin remains a serious option for this word. Phonetically, the variation in the series ῥοιή : ῥοιά: ῥόα can be compared with that seen in χροιή : χροιά (khroiá, “skin”) : χρόα.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


σκόλυβος

head

σκόλυβος • (skólubos)

Like σκόλυμος (skólumos, “kind of thistle”), from Pre-Greek.

Hesychius gives the definition as: ἐσθιόμενος βολβός (esthiómenos bolbós, literally “edible tassel hyacinth”).


κίκι

grc-noun

κίκῐ • (kíkĭ) n (genitive κίκεως); third declension

κίκῐ (canonical)
kíkĭ (romanization)
κίκεως (genitive)
τὸ κῐ́κῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́κει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́κη (nominative plural)
κῐ́κεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́κεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐκέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́κεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́κει (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐκέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
κῐ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kĭ́kesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kĭ́kesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κῐ́κῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́κει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́κη (accusative plural)
κῐ́κεᾰ (accusative plural)
κῐ́κῐ (singular vocative)
κῐ́κει (dual vocative)
κῐ́κη (plural vocative)
κῐ́κεᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: cici

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual


ἵππουρις

ἵππουρῐς • (híppourĭs) f (genitive ἱππούρῐδος); third declension

ἵππουρῐς (canonical)
híppourĭs (romanization)
ἱππούρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ἵππουρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἱππούρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἱππούρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱππουρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱππουρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἱππούρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱππουρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἱππούρῐσῐ (dative plural)
ἱππούρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs hippoúrĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs hippoúrĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἱππούρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱππούρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἱππούρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἵππουρῐς (singular vocative)
ἱππούρῐδε (dual vocative)
ἱππούρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Hippuris

From ἵππουρος (híppouros, “horse-tailed”) + -ῐς (-ĭs, forms feminine nouns).


ἀπόκυνον

grc-noun

ἀπόκυνον • (apókunon) n (genitive ἀποκύνου); second declension

apókunon (romanization)
ἀποκύνου (genitive)
τὸ ἀπόκυνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀποκύνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀπόκυνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀποκύνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀποκύνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀποκύνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀποκύνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀποκύνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀποκύνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀπόκυνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀποκύνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀπόκυνᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀπόκυνον (singular vocative)
ἀποκύνω (dual vocative)
ἀπόκυνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: apocynon

→ Translingual: Apocynum

From ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) + κύων (kúōn, “dog”); literally "dog away". So called because the plant is toxic to dogs.


ἦλον

grc-noun

ἦλον • (êlon) n (genitive ἤλου); second declension

êlon (romanization)
ἤλου (genitive)
τὸ ἦλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἤλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἤλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἤλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἤλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἤλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἦλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἤλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἦλᾰ (accusative plural)
ἦλον (singular vocative)
ἤλω (dual vocative)
ἦλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unexplained, but probably related to μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).

unk

Unexplained


μαρῖνος

grc-noun

μαρῖνος • (marînos) m (genitive μαρῑ́νου); second declension

marînos (romanization)
μαρῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ μαρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ μαρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μαρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ μαρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μαρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν μαρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ μαρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μαρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
μαρῖνε (singular vocative)
μαρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
μαρῖνοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the suffix "-ῖνος" is a proof of the Pre-Greek origin of the word.

unknown kind of fish, perhaps a barbel or a flatfish


βράβυλον

βρᾰ́βῠλον • (brắbŭlon) n (genitive βρᾰβῠ́λου); second declension

βρᾰ́βῠλον (canonical)
brắbŭlon (romanization)
βρᾰβῠ́λου (genitive)
τὸ βρᾰ́βῠλον (nominative singular)
τὼ βρᾰβῠ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρᾰβῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρᾰβῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρᾰβῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρᾰβῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρᾰβῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρᾰβῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ βρᾰ́βῠλον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρᾰβῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (accusative plural)
βρᾰ́βῠλον (singular vocative)
βρᾰβῠ́λω (dual vocative)
βρᾰ́βῠλᾰ (plural vocative)

Unknown, but maybe a loanword from Pre-Greek.

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual


μαλάχη

μαλάχη • (malákhē) f (genitive μαλάχης); first declension

malákhē (romanization)
μαλάχης (genitive)
ἡ μαλάχη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαλάχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαλάχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαλάχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαλάχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαλαχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαλάχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαλάχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαλάχαις (dative plural)
τὴν μαλάχην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαλάχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαλάχᾱς (accusative plural)
μαλάχη (singular vocative)
μαλάχᾱ (dual vocative)
μαλάχαι (plural vocative)

⇒ Greek: μολόχα (molócha)

Italiot Greek: μολόχι

Pontic Greek: μολόχ̌ι (molóši)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: մօլօխ (mōlōx), մոլոշ (mološ)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: მოლოქი (moloki), მოლოქაჲ (molokay), მალოქი (maloki)
Georgian: მოლოქა (moloka), მოლოქი (moloki)

Uncertain. Likely related to or the sources of Latin malva, Middle Armenian բաղբակ (baġbak) and Georgian ბალბა (balba). Suggested to be from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew מַלּוּחַ (mallū́aḥ, “saltbush”), Aramaic מַלוּחָא / ܡܲܠܘܼܚܵܐ (mallūḥā, “saltbush”), Arabic مُلَّاح (mullāḥ, “seepweed”), however these are of the Amaranthaceae family instead of the Malvaceae and have been pointed towards without acquaintance with the Armenian and Georgian.

cog

Aramaic מַלוּחָא


σχῖνος

grc-noun

σχῖνος • (skhînos) f (genitive σχῑ́νου); second declension

skhînos (romanization)
σχῑ́νου (genitive)
ἡ σχῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σχῑ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ σχῖνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς σχῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ σχῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σχῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν σχῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σχῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σχῑ́νους (accusative plural)
σχῖνε (singular vocative)
σχῑ́νω (dual vocative)
σχῖνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σχίνος (schínos)

→ Latin: schinus

→ Translingual: Schinus

According to Beekes, undoubtedly of Pre-Greek origin.

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual


νάρτη

νᾰ́ρτη • (nắrtē) f (genitive νᾰ́ρτης); first declension

νᾰ́ρτη (canonical)
nắrtē (romanization)
νᾰ́ρτης (genitive)
ἡ νᾰ́ρτη (nominative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρτᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νᾰ́ρται (nominative plural)
τῆς νᾰ́ρτης (genitive singular)
τοῖν νᾰ́ρταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νᾰρτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νᾰ́ρτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νᾰ́ρταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νᾰ́ρταις (dative plural)
τὴν νᾰ́ρτην (accusative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρτᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νᾰ́ρτᾱς (accusative plural)
νᾰ́ρτη (singular vocative)
νᾰ́ρτᾱ (dual vocative)
νᾰ́ρται (plural vocative)

Probably related to νάρδος (nárdos, “nard”).


ἴουλος

ἴουλος • (íoulos) m (genitive ἰούλου); second declension

íoulos (romanization)
ἰούλου (genitive)
ὁ ἴουλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰούλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴουλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰούλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰούλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰούλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰούλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰούλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰούλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴουλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰούλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰούλους (accusative plural)
ἴουλε (singular vocative)
ἰούλω (dual vocative)
ἴουλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)

→ Latin: iūlus

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of οὖλος (oûlos, “wooly, fuzzy”) and εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, wind”). However according to targum exegetes it could be borrowed from Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl) from the Proto-Semitic lizard name *waral-. This form and similar meanings can be reconstructed on the basis of the animal name’s Jewish Literary Aramaic measure יָלָא (yālā), alternating with יַלָּא (yallā), since /aː/ regularly comes out /uː/ in Phoenician-Punic (like 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /rūš/, “head”) from *raʾš- (“head”)). In Jewish Aramaic it also meant a kind of blood-sucking animal, and even closer to the original meaning of a worral would be the Greek senses of certain earth-graving insects. “The first growth of the whiskers and beard” would then be transferred from the image of the undersides of the throats of certain lizards; corn-sheaves afford a similar picture. From any of these meanings the sense of a catkin can be transferred.

der

down, the first growth of the whiskers and beard


πύρεθρον

grc-noun

πύρεθρον • (púrethron) n (genitive πυρέθρου); second declension

púrethron (romanization)
πυρέθρου (genitive)
τὸ πύρεθρον (nominative singular)
τὼ πυρέθρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πύρεθρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πυρέθρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πυρέθροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πυρέθρων (genitive plural)
τῷ πυρέθρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πυρέθροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πυρέθροις (dative plural)
τὸ πύρεθρον (accusative singular)
τὼ πυρέθρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πύρεθρᾰ (accusative plural)
πύρεθρον (singular vocative)
πυρέθρω (dual vocative)
πύρεθρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: pyrethrum

Translingual: Pyrethrum

From πῦρ (pûr, “fire”), because of its warming effect.

Anacyclus pyrethrum
Anacyclus pyrethrum#Translingual

pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum)


ζίζυφον

ζίζῠφον • (zízŭphon) n (genitive ζιζύφου); second declension

ζίζῠφον (canonical)
zízŭphon (romanization)
ζιζύφου (genitive)
τὸ ζίζῠφον (nominative singular)
τὼ ζιζῠ́φω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζίζῠφᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζιζῠ́φου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζιζῠ́φοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζιζῠ́φων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζιζῠ́φῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζιζῠ́φοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζιζῠ́φοις (dative plural)
τὸ ζίζῠφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ζιζῠ́φω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζίζῠφᾰ (accusative plural)
ζίζῠφον (singular vocative)
ζιζῠ́φω (dual vocative)
ζίζῠφᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: ζίζιφο (zízifo), τζίτζιφο (tzítzifo)

→ Albanian: xinxife

desctree

→ Arabic: زَيْزَفُون (zayzafūn)
→ Persian: زیزفون (zizofun)

→ Latin: zīzyphum, zīzyphus (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܽܘܙܦܴܐ (zūzp̄ā)

→ Arabic: زِفْزِف (zifzif)

⇒ Arabic: زُفَيْزَف (zufayzaf)
→ Galician: azufaifo
→ Portuguese: açofeifa, açofaifa
→ Spanish: azofaifa, azufaifa

Of unknown origin. Maybe of Oriental origin, but Beekes doesn't dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, comparing the word with σέσυφος (sésuphos) and Σίσυφος (Sísuphos).

unk

unknown

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual


ἑλλέβορος

grc-noun

ἑλλέβορος • (helléboros) m (genitive ἑλλεβόρου); second declension

helléboros (romanization)
ἑλλεβόρου (genitive)
ὁ ἑλλέβορος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἑλλεβόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἑλλέβοροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἑλλεβόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἑλλεβόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἑλλεβόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἑλλεβόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἑλλεβόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἑλλεβόροις (dative plural)
τὸν ἑλλέβορον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἑλλεβόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἑλλεβόρους (accusative plural)
ἑλλέβορε (singular vocative)
ἑλλεβόρω (dual vocative)
ἑλλέβοροι (plural vocative)

Greek: ελλέβορος (ellévoros)

→ Latin: helleborus

→ Translingual: Helleborus

Traditionally taken as "eaten by deer", from ἐλλός (ellós, “deer”) + βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). However, Beekes finds this seems very doubtful, preferring a Pre-Greek origin.

compound

hellebore (plant of the genus Helleborus)


βατράχιον

grc-noun

βατράχῐον • (batrákhĭon) n (genitive βατραχῐ́ου); second declension

βατράχῐον (canonical)
batrákhĭon (romanization)
βατραχῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βατράχῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βατραχῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βατράχῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βατραχῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βατραχῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βατραχῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βατραχῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βατραχῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βατραχῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βατράχῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βατραχῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βατράχῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βατράχῐον (singular vocative)
βατραχῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βατράχῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

buttercup (plant of the genus Ranunculus)


μέροψ

grc-noun

μέροψ • (mérops) m (genitive μέροπος); third declension

mérops (romanization)
μέροπος (genitive)
ὁ μέροψ (nominative singular)
τὼ μέροπε (dual nominative)
οἱ μέροπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέροπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μερόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μερόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέροπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μερόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέροψῐ (dative plural)
μέροψῐν (dative plural)
toîs méropsĭ (dative plural)
toîs méropsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν μέροπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μέροπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μέροπᾰς (accusative plural)
μέροψ (singular vocative)
μέροπε (dual vocative)
μέροπες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Merops

The original meaning of the word is unknown. However, the suffix "-οψ", which is found also in δρύοψ (drúops) and πάρνοψ (párnops), is typical of Pre-Greek.

Merops apiaster
Merops apiaster#Translingual


θύμον

θύμον • (thúmon) n (genitive θύμου); second declension

thúmon (romanization)
θύμου (genitive)
τὸ θῠ́μον (nominative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ θῠ́μον (accusative singular)
τὼ θῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θῠ́μᾰ (accusative plural)
θῠ́μον (singular vocative)
θῠ́μω (dual vocative)
θῠ́μᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Greek: θυμάρι (thymári)

→ Latin: thymum

From θύω (thúō, “to smoke”). Beekes suggests that this is "doubtful" and that "[a]s a local plant name, the word is liable to be of Pre-Greek origin".


σημύδα

σημύδα • (sēmúda) f (genitive σημύδης); first declension

sēmúda (romanization)
σημύδης (genitive)
ἡ σημῠ́δᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σημῠ́δᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σημῠ́δαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σημῠ́δης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σημῠ́δαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σημῠδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σημῠ́δῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σημῠ́δαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σημῠ́δαις (dative plural)
τὴν σημῠ́δᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σημῠ́δᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σημῠ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
σημῠ́δᾰ (singular vocative)
σημῠ́δᾱ (dual vocative)
σημῠ́δαι (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: سَنْدَر (sandar, “birch”)

desc

→ Greek: σημύδα (simýda, “birch”) (learned)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Betula pendula
Betula pendula#Translingual


πυραλίς

grc-noun

πῠρᾰλῐ́ς • (pŭrălĭ́s) f (genitive πῠρᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
pŭrălĭ́s (romanization)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ πῠρᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς πῠρᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῠρᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῠρᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ πῠρᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῠρᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῠρᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
πῠρᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs pŭrălĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs pŭrălĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν πῠρᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῠρᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
πῠρᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
πῠρᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: pyralis

→ Translingual: Pyralis

Diminutive formation in "-α(λ)λίς", probably from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) after the reddish color. However, according to Niedermann, it derives from πυρός (purós, “wheat”) after its nutrition.


πηνέλοψ

πηνέλοψ • (pēnélops) m (genitive πηνέλοπος); third declension

pēnélops (romanization)
πηνέλοπος (genitive)
ὁ πηνέλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ πηνέλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ πηνέλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πηνέλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηνελόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηνελόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ πηνέλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηνελόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πηνέλοψῐ (dative plural)
πηνέλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs pēnélopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pēnélopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πηνέλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πηνέλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πηνέλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
πηνέλοψ (singular vocative)
πηνέλοπε (dual vocative)
πηνέλοπες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Penelope

The formation is similar to δρύοψ (drúops) and πάρνοψ (párnops). The suffix "-οψ" is typical of Pre-Greek.


φυλία

φῠλίᾰ • (phŭlíă) f (genitive φῠλίης); first declension

φῠλίᾰ (canonical)
phŭlíă (romanization)
φῠλίης (genitive)
ἡ φῠλῐ́ᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῠλῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῠλῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς φῠλῐ́ης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῠλῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῠλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φῠλῐ́ῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῠλῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φῠλῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν φῠλῐ́ᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φῠλῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φῠλῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
φῠλῐ́ᾰ (singular vocative)
φῠλῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
φῠλῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Without etymology. Furnée compares φιλύκη (philúkē, “alatern”).

unk

Without etymology

kind of wild olive but distinguished from κότινος (kótinos)


ἴτον

grc-noun

ἴτον • (íton) n (genitive ἴτου); second declension

íton (romanization)
ἴτου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓́τον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́τω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́τᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓́τοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓́τον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́τω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́τᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́τον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́τω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́τᾰ (plural vocative)

Furnée connects the word with ὕδνον (húdnon, “truffle”), which has variants too. Furnée is mistaken to assume a prothetic "ὀ-", since "ὀ-" and "οὐ-" just indicate "ϝ-". So we have *wit- and *wid-n-, with a suffix beginning with "n-" and voicing before the nasal, which is typical of Pre-Greek according to Beekes.


κολύβδαινα

κολύβδαινᾰ • (kolúbdaină) f (genitive κολυβδαίνᾱς); first declension

κολύβδαινᾰ (canonical)
kolúbdaină (romanization)
κολυβδαίνᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κολύβδαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κολυβδαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κολύβδαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς κολυβδαίνᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολυβδαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολυβδαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κολυβδαίνᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολυβδαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κολυβδαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν κολύβδαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κολυβδαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κολυβδαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
κολύβδαινᾰ (singular vocative)
κολυβδαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
κολύβδαιναι (plural vocative)

A typically Pre-Greek word with interchange "βδ/β" and prenasalization.


κλῆμα

κλῆμᾰ • (klêmă) n (genitive κλήμᾰτος); third declension

κλῆμᾰ (canonical)
klêmă (romanization)
κλήμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ κλῆμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κλήμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κλήμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλήμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλημᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλημᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ κλήμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλημᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλήμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
κλήμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs klḗmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs klḗmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κλῆμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κλήμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κλήμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
κλῆμᾰ (singular vocative)
κλήμᾰτε (dual vocative)
κλήμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κλήμα (klíma)

Traditionally connected with κλάω (kláō, “to break”), but the semantics are tenuous, and there is no evidence for a long α (a) in the former. Thus, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


ἤρυγγος

ἤρυγγος • (ḗrungos) f (genitive ἠρύγγου); second declension

ḗrungos (romanization)
ἠρύγγου (genitive)
ἡ ἤρυγγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠρύγγω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἤρυγγοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἠρύγγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠρύγγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠρύγγων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἠρύγγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠρύγγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἠρύγγοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἤρυγγον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠρύγγω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἠρύγγους (accusative plural)
ἤρυγγε (singular vocative)
ἠρύγγω (dual vocative)
ἤρυγγοι (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to εἴλιγγος (eílingos) and πίσυγγος (písungos). According to Strömberg, it derives from ἔαρ (éar, “spring”). However, Beekes is sure of the Pre-Greek origin of the word. Compare also the synonymous Middle Armenian երնջնակ (ernǰnak).


ὕδνον

ὕδνον • (húdnon) n (genitive ὕδνου); second declension

húdnon (romanization)
ὕδνου (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔́δνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́δνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔́δνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́δνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔́δνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́δνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔́δνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́δνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δνᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́δνον (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́δνω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́δνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Hydnum

The word has hesitantly been connected to ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) as "juicy", to ὕω (húō, “to rain”) as "rain plant" and to ὗς (hûs, “swine”) as "sow-bread". In view of the alternative forms, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek word and links it with ἴτον (íton, “kind of mushroom”).


κληματίς

κληματῐ́ς • (klēmatĭ́s) f (genitive κληματῐ́δος); third declension

κληματῐ́ς (canonical)
klēmatĭ́s (romanization)
κληματῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κληματῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κληματῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κληματῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κληματῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κληματῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κληματῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κληματῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κληματῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κληματῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κληματῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs klēmatĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs klēmatĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κληματῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κληματῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κληματῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κληματῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κληματῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κληματῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: clēmatis

→ Translingual: Clematis

From κλῆμα (klêma, “twig, branch”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).

af

Clematis vitalba
Clematis vitalba#Translingual

Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulus arvensis#Translingual


ἀρία

grc-noun

ἀρῐ́ᾱ • (arĭ́ā) f (genitive ἀρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

ἀρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
arĭ́ā (romanization)
ἀρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Greek: αριά (ariá)


σίδη

σίδη • (sídē) f (genitive σῑ́δης); first declension

sídē (romanization)
σῑ́δης (genitive)
ἡ σῑ́δη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῑ́δᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῖδαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῑ́δης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῑ́δαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῑδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῑ́δῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῑ́δαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῑ́δαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῑ́δην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῑ́δᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῑ́δᾱς (accusative plural)
σῑ́δη (singular vocative)
σῑ́δᾱ (dual vocative)
σῖδαι (plural vocative)

Cappadocian Greek:

Sinasos: σίτη (síti)

Pharasa: σίδι (sídi)

desc

Pontic Greek: σίδη (sídi), σίλβᾰ (sílvᾰ)

→ Romance:

Salentian: sída, síta, sèta

Tarentian: sèta

Old Barese: sede, seida

Barese: sétə, saitə, sèitə

According to Furnée, all the variations prove a Pre-Greek origin, after Witczak specifically borrowed from Western Anatolian. Also passed as far as Albanian shegë, to which the form κυσήγη (kusḗgē) once mentioned without contextualization is in any case ancestral. Linked to the reconstruction *sida "red", which has also been suggested as the root of σίδηρος (sídēros), "iron."

kind of waterplant growing near Orchomenus, water lily


ἀσπίδιον

grc-noun

ἀσπῐ́δῐον • (aspĭ́dĭon) n (genitive ἀσπῐδῐ́ου); second declension

ἀσπῐ́δῐον (canonical)
aspĭ́dĭon (romanization)
ἀσπῐδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἀσπῐ́δῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσπῐδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀσπῐ́δῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσπῐδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσπῐδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσπῐδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσπῐδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσπῐδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσπῐδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀσπῐ́δῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσπῐδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀσπῐ́δῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀσπῐ́δῐον (singular vocative)
ἀσπῐδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀσπῐ́δῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


τύφη

grc-noun

τύφη • (túphē) f (genitive τύφης); first declension

túphē (romanization)
τύφης (genitive)
ἡ τύφη (nominative singular)
τὼ τύφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τύφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τύφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τύφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τυφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τύφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τύφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τύφαις (dative plural)
τὴν τύφην (accusative singular)
τὼ τύφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τύφᾱς (accusative plural)
τύφη (singular vocative)
τύφᾱ (dual vocative)
τύφαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Typha

From Proto-Hellenic *tū́pʰā, often regarded as cognate with Latin tuber (“truffle”), English tuft and Old Norse þúfa (“mound”), all from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). However the meaning of the Greek word is sufficiently different to render its connection with the other words purely hypothetical.

der

reedmace, cattail, bulrush (Typha angustifolia)


πίτυς

grc-noun

πίτῠς • (pítŭs) f (genitive πίτῠος); third declension

πίτῠς (canonical)
pítŭs (romanization)
πίτῠος (genitive)
ἡ πῐ́τῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́τῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐ́τῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐ́τῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐτῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐτῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐ́τῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
πῐ́τυι (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐτῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐ́τῠσῐ (dative plural)
πῐ́τῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs pĭ́tŭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs pĭ́tŭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν πῐ́τῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́τῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐ́τῡς (accusative plural)
πῐ́τῠᾰς (accusative plural)
πῐ́τῠ (singular vocative)
πῐ́τῠε (dual vocative)
πῐ́τῠες (plural vocative)

Beekes is hesitant to espouse any derivation (even the usual Pre-Greek) and leaves the origin open. Traditionally taken as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *peyH-, which is also the source of Latin pīnus (“pine”) and Sanskrit पीतुदारु (pītudāru, “kind of tree”). Compare also Albanian pishë.


ἄρον

grc-noun

ἄρον • (áron) n (genitive ἄρου); second declension

áron (romanization)
ἄρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́ρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́ρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́ρᾰ (plural vocative)

→ English: arum

→ Translingual: Arum

Hemmerdinger derived it from Egyptian r (“reed, cane”). Perhaps it is also contained in ἀρίς (arís) and ἀρίσαρον (arísaron). A comparison with Latin arundo (“cane”) is less probable. Compare the synonym ὀρόντιον (oróntion), which may imply Pre-Greek origin.


σκέπανος

σκέπᾰνος • (sképănos) m (genitive σκεπᾰ́νου); second declension

σκέπᾰνος (canonical)
sképănos (romanization)
σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σκέπᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκέπᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκεπᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκεπᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκεπᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκεπᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκεπᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκέπᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκεπᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκεπᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
σκέπᾰνε (singular vocative)
σκεπᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
σκέπᾰνοι (plural vocative)


κοτυληδών

κοτῠληδών • (kotŭlēdṓn) f (genitive κοτῠληδόνος); third declension

κοτῠληδών (canonical)
kotŭlēdṓn (romanization)
κοτῠληδόνος (genitive)
ἡ κοτῠληδών (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῠληδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ κοτῠληδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς κοτῠληδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῠληδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῠληδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ κοτῠληδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῠληδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κοτῠληδόσῐ (dative plural)
κοτῠληδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kotŭlēdósĭ (dative plural)
taîs kotŭlēdósĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κοτῠληδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῠληδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κοτῠληδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
κοτῠληδών (singular vocative)
κοτῠληδόνε (dual vocative)
κοτῠληδόνες (plural vocative)

→ English: cotyledon

→ Italian: cotiledone

→ Translingual: Cotyledon


ἔτελις

head

ἔτελις • (ételis)

Latin attilus (“kind of fish”) shows a general resemblance. Farther away are Latvian āte and Lithuanian atìs (“turbot”). Strömberg rather envisages derivation from ἔταλον (étalon, “yearling”), while DELG calls both suggestions improbable.


φυσητήρ

grc-noun

φῡσητήρ • (phūsētḗr) m (genitive φῡσητῆρος); third declension

φῡσητήρ (canonical)
phūsētḗr (romanization)
φῡσητῆρος (genitive)
ὁ φῡσητήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ φῡσητῆρε (dual nominative)
οἱ φῡσητῆρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φῡσητῆρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φῡσητήροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φῡσητήρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φῡσητῆρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φῡσητήροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φῡσητῆρσῐ (dative plural)
φῡσητῆρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs phūsētêrsĭ (dative plural)
toîs phūsētêrsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν φῡσητῆρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φῡσητῆρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φῡσητῆρᾰς (accusative plural)
φῡσητήρ (singular vocative)
φῡσητῆρε (dual vocative)
φῡσητῆρες (plural vocative)

Greek: φυσητήρας (fysitíras)

desctree

→ Latin: physetēr
→ Italian: fisetere m
→ Translingual: Physeter m

From φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to blow”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix).


ἴκτινος

grc-noun

ἴκτῑνος • (íktīnos) m (genitive ἰκτῑ́νου); second declension

ἴκτῑνος (canonical)
íktīnos (romanization)
ἰκτῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἴκτῑνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰκτῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴκτῑνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰκτῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰκτῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκτῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰκτῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰκτῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰκτῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴκτῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰκτῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰκτῑ́νους (accusative plural)
ἴκτῑνε (singular vocative)
ἰκτῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἴκτῑνοι (plural vocative)

Beekes reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *tḱiH-in (“kite”), connecting the word with Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “a mythical bird”), and Sanskrit श्येन (śyena, “eagle, falcon”).

cog

Milvus milvus
Milvus milvus#Translingual


τεῦτλον

grc-noun

τεῦτλον • (teûtlon) n (genitive τεύτλου); second declension

teûtlon (romanization)
τεύτλου (genitive)
τὸ τεῦτλον (nominative singular)
τὼ τεύτλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τεῦτλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τεύτλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεύτλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεύτλων (genitive plural)
τῷ τεύτλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεύτλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τεύτλοις (dative plural)
τὸ τεῦτλον (accusative singular)
τὼ τεύτλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τεῦτλᾰ (accusative plural)
τεῦτλον (singular vocative)
τεύτλω (dual vocative)
τεῦτλᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: σεύτελον (séftelon) (inherited)
→ Turkish: seftila — Rize

→ Greek: τεύτλο (téftlo) (learned)

desc

→ Laz: მსუტულჲა (msuťulya, “Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla”), სუტულჲა (suťulya) — Atina, Borghola, მსუტოლჲა (msuťolya) — Vizha, Artasheni, სუტოლჲა (suťolya) — Okordule, სოტოლია (soťolia), სოტელია (soťelia), სოტულია (soťulia), მსუტულია (msuťulia), მსუტელია (msuťelia), ფსუტულია (psuťulia) — Khopa, მსოტოლჲა (msoťolya) — Batumi

→ Mingrelian: სოტელია (soṭelia, “Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla”), ფსოტელია (psoṭelia), სოტელი (soṭeli), სოტოლია (soṭolia), სოტეია (soṭeia) — Martvili–Bandza

According to Frisk, the interchange "τ-/σ-" may represent an artificial Atticism or Ionicism. However, it may instead be a Pre-Greek variation.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual


σπίζα

grc-noun

σπίζα • (spíza) f (genitive σπίζης); first declension

spíza (romanization)
σπίζης (genitive)
ἡ σπῐ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σπῐ́ζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σπῐ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπῐζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σπῐ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σπῐ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν σπῐ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σπῐ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
σπῐ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)
σπῐ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
σπῐ́ζαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Spiza

From σπίζω (spízō, “to pipe, to chirp”).

Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs#Translingual


κισσός

κισσός • (kissós) m (genitive κισσοῦ); second declension

kissós (romanization)
κισσοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κισσός (nominative singular)
τὼ κισσώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κισσοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κισσοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κισσοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κισσῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κισσῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κισσοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κισσοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κισσόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κισσώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κισσούς (accusative plural)
κισσέ (singular vocative)
κισσώ (dual vocative)
κισσοί (plural vocative)

Greek: κισσός (kissós)

desctree

→ Arabic: قِسُّوس (qissūs)
→ Old Spanish: caçuz (not to be confused with descendants of عِرْق السُوس (ʕirq as-sūs))

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek. Furnée compares κιθάρα (kithára), in the sense of "ivy".
Janda derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *kitw-ó-, interpreted as “belonging to a tree, mark, sacrificial post”, ultimately from *keyt- (“shine, glow”). He connects the Greek word to Sanskrit केतु (ketú, “brightness, rays of light, apparition, sign, mark, flag”) in the sense of “sacrificial post”, used synonymously with Sanskrit केतु (sváru, “large piece of wood, stake, sacrificial post”), furthermore to Old Norse Heiðrún and heiðvanr (“holy, connected to heaven”). Both the adjective and the mythical goat from Norse mythology are associated with the cosmological ash tree Yggdrasil.


γλάνος

grc-noun

γλᾰ́νος • (glắnos) m (genitive γλᾰ́νου); second declension

γλᾰ́νος (canonical)
glắnos (romanization)
γλᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ γλᾰ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ γλᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ γλᾰ́νοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ γλᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν γλᾰ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ γλᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
γλᾰ́νε (singular vocative)
γλᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
γλᾰ́νοι (plural vocative)


μύτις

μύτῐς • (mútĭs) f (genitive μύτῐδος); third declension

μύτῐς (canonical)
mútĭs (romanization)
μύτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ μῠ́τῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
μῠ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs mŭ́tĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs mŭ́tĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν μῠ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠ́τῐς (singular vocative)
μῠ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
μῠ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

Greek: μύτη (mýti)

Of unclear origin. Bailly derives the word from μῡ́ω (mū́ō, “to close, shut”), though the word could perhaps be from Pre-Greek and related to μύσταξ (mústax, “upper lip”).


τραγάκανθα

τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ • (trăgắkanthă) f (genitive τρᾰγᾰκάνθης); first declension

τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (canonical)
trăgắkanthă (romanization)
τρᾰγᾰκάνθης (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰγᾰ́κανθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰγᾰκάνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰκάνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγᾰκανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰγᾰκάνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγᾰκάνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰγᾰκάνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱς (accusative plural)
τρᾰγᾰ́κανθᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγᾰκάνθᾱ (dual vocative)
τρᾰγᾰ́κανθαι (plural vocative)

→ English: tragacanth

From τράγος (trágos, “goat”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


σαγάπηνον

grc-noun

σᾰγάπηνον • (săgápēnon) n (genitive σᾰγαπήνου); second declension

σᾰγάπηνον (canonical)
săgápēnon (romanization)
σᾰγαπήνου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰγαπήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγαπήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰγαπήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγαπήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰγαπήνοις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰγάπηνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰγαπήνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰγάπηνᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰγάπηνον (singular vocative)
σᾰγαπήνω (dual vocative)
σᾰγάπηνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sagapēnum

From Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Middle Persian [Term?], whence سکبینه (sakbine).

sagapenum, the gum produced by this plant


πολυπόδιον

πολῠπόδῐον • (polŭpódĭon) n (genitive πολῠποδῐ́ου); second declension

πολῠπόδῐον (canonical)
polŭpódĭon (romanization)
πολῠποδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ πολῠπόδῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ πολῠποδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πολῠπόδῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πολῠποδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πολῠποδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πολῠποδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ πολῠποδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πολῠποδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πολῠποδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ πολῠπόδῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ πολῠποδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πολῠπόδῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πολῠπόδῐον (singular vocative)
πολῠποδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
πολῠπόδῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: polypodium

→ Translingual: Polypodium

From πολύπους (polúpous, “polypus”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Polypodium vulgare
Polypodium vulgare#Translingual


νήριον

grc-noun

νήρῐον • (nḗrĭon) n (genitive νηρίου); second declension

νήρῐον (canonical)
nḗrĭon (romanization)
νηρίου (genitive)
τὸ νήρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ νηρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νήρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ νηρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ νήρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ νηρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νήρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
νήρῐον (singular vocative)
νηρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
νήρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: nērium

→ Translingual: Nerium

According to Beekes, it may belong to νηρόν (nērón, “fresh water”) because of the characteristic property of this plant to follow the course of brooks.

Nerium oleander
Nerium oleander#Translingual


θύμβρα

θύμβρᾱ • (thúmbrā) f (genitive θύμβρᾱς); first declension

θύμβρᾱ (canonical)
thúmbrā (romanization)
θύμβρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θύμβρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θύμβρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θύμβραι (nominative plural)
τῆς θύμβρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θύμβραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυμβρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θύμβρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θύμβραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θύμβραις (dative plural)
τὴν θύμβρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θύμβρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θύμβρᾱς (accusative plural)
θύμβρᾱ (singular vocative)
θύμβρᾱ (dual vocative)
θύμβραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: thymbra

→ Albanian: trumzë

Hardly derived from θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”), in which case the "-β-" could be epenthetic between "μ" and "ρ". Persson proposed a derivation from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”) in "-ρ-", with nasalization and deaspiration; this is most improbable, unless the word is Pre-Greek. Niedermann recalls Anatolian Θύμβριον (Thúmbrion) and on the other hand Τυμφρηστός (Tumphrēstós). Probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the metathesized form.


πηδός

πηδός • (pēdós) m (genitive πηδοῦ); second declension

pēdós (romanization)
πηδοῦ (genitive)
ὁ πηδός (nominative singular)
τὼ πηδώ (dual nominative)
οἱ πηδοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ πηδοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πηδῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πηδοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν πηδόν (accusative singular)
τὼ πηδώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πηδούς (accusative plural)
πηδέ (singular vocative)
πηδώ (dual vocative)
πηδοί (plural vocative)

Unknown. Perhaps related to πάδος (pádos, “mahlab”).


ξυρίς

ξῠρίς • (xŭrís) f (genitive ξῠρίδος); third declension

ξῠρίς (canonical)
xŭrís (romanization)
ξῠρίδος (genitive)
ἡ ξῠρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ξῠρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ξῠρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ξῠρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ξῠρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ξῠρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ξῠρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ξῠρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ξῠρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ξῠρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs xŭrĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs xŭrĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ξῠρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ξῠρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ξῠρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ξῠρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ξῠρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ξῠρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: xyris

→ Translingual: Xyris

The alternative forms σίρις (síris) and σῖρις (sîris) suggest that the older form was ξίρις (xíris). The variants point to a Pre-Greek origin.


ἱπποκάνθαρος

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος

ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος • (hĭppokánthăros) m (genitive ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

ῐ̔πποκάνθᾰρος (canonical)
hĭppokánthăros (romanization)
ῐ̔πποκανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔πποκάνθαρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔πποκάνθαροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποκανθάρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκανθάροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποκανθάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποκανθάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκανθάροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποκανθάροις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔πποκάνθαρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποκανθάρους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔πποκάνθαρε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποκανθάρω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔πποκάνθαροι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̔πποκάνθαρος

From ῐ̔́ππος (hĭ́ppos, “horse”) + κάνθαρος (kántharos, “beetle”).

af

devil's coach horse beetle (Ocypus olens)


βόμβυξ

grc-noun

βόμβῡξ • (bómbūx) m (genitive βόμβῡκος); third declension

βόμβῡξ (canonical)
bómbūx (romanization)
βόμβῡκος (genitive)
ὁ βόμβῡξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βόμβῡκε (dual nominative)
οἱ βόμβῡκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βόμβῡκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βομβῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βομβῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ βόμβῡκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βομβῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βόμβῡξῐ (dative plural)
βόμβῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bómbūxĭ (dative plural)
toîs bómbūxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βόμβῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βόμβῡκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βόμβῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
βόμβῡξ (singular vocative)
βόμβῡκε (dual vocative)
βόμβῡκες (plural vocative)

Greek: βόμβυκας (vómvykas)

→ Latin: bombȳx

→ Translingual: Bombyx

The word must be of Anatolian origin, as is also suggested by its structure. Probably related also to βάμβαξ (bámbax, “cotton”).


ἱππόκαμπος

ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος • (hĭppókămpos) m (genitive ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου); second declension

ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (canonical)
hĭppókămpos (romanization)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive)
ὁ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual nominative)
οἱ ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μποις (dative plural)
τὸν ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμπε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔πποκᾰ́μπω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔ππόκᾰμποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ιππόκαμπος (ippókampos)

desctree

→ Latin: hippocampus
→ Catalan: hipocamp
→ English: hippocampus
→ French: hippocampe
→ German: Hippokamp
→ Italian: ippocampo
→ Portuguese: hipocampo
→ Romanian: hipocamp
→ Spanish: hipocampo

→ Translingual: Hippocampus

From ῐ̔́ππος (hĭ́ppos, “horse”) + κάμπος (kámpos, “sea-monster”).

af

(zoology) sea horse (fish of the genus Hippocampus)


κάνθαρος

grc-noun

κάνθᾰρος • (kánthăros) m (genitive κανθᾰ́ρου); second declension

κάνθᾰρος (canonical)
kánthăros (romanization)
κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κάνθᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κάνθᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κανθᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κανθᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κανθᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κανθᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κανθᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κάνθᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κανθᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κανθᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κάνθᾰρε (singular vocative)
κανθᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κάνθᾰροι (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: σκάνθαρος (skántharos)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: *σκανθάριον (*skanthárion)

Greek: σκαθάρι (skathári)

desctree

→ Latin: cantharus, cantarus
Italian: cantero
→ Catalan: càntar
→ English: cantharus
→ French: canthare
→ Galician: cântaro
→ Italian: cantaro
→ Portuguese: cântaro
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р
Latin script: kȁntār
→ Spanish: cántaro
Translingual: Cantharus

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in close paraphrase):
"Not well explained. Connected with κάνθων (kánthōn, “ass, donkey”) and κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios, “ass, donkey”) by Strömberg, with the same suffix as in χίμαρος (khímaros) and κίσσαρος (kíssaros). Hardly probable. DELG points out that there are anthroponyms and toponyms like Κάνθαρος (Kántharos, “a port of Piraeus”) and concludes from this that the term may be of Pre-Greek origin, which is likely. As Akkadian 𒃶𒁺 (/kandu/, “jar for wine”), considered a loan from West Semitic, and Akkadian 𒃶𒁺𒊒𒌑 (/kanduru/, “kind of vessel”) exist, itself from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒉡𒌉 (/gannu-tur/, “small vessel; potstand”, literally “little vessel, container, holder”), it would be a loan in this meaning."

cog

dung beetle (Canthon pilularius syn. Scarabaeus pilularius)


ἐρίφιον

grc-noun

ἐρίφῐον • (eríphĭon) n (genitive ἐρῐφῐ́ου); second declension

ἐρίφῐον (canonical)
eríphĭon (romanization)
ἐρῐφῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῐ́φῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐφῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῐφῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐφῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῐφῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῐφῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῐφῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῐφῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῐ́φῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῐφῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῐ́φῐον (singular vocative)
ἐρῐφῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἐρῐ́φῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From ἔριφος (ériphos, “young goat, kid”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Rubus caesius
Rubus caesius#Translingual


ἄκινος

grc-noun

ἄκῐνος • (ákĭnos) m (genitive ἀκῐ́νου); second declension

ἄκῐνος (canonical)
ákĭnos (romanization)
ἀκῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ ἄκῐνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄκῐνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄκῐνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀκῐ́νους (accusative plural)
ἄκῐνε (singular vocative)
ἀκῐ́νω (dual vocative)
ἄκῐνοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Acinos

The vowel interchange, though rare, may point to a Pre-Greek word.


ὀρταλίς

ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς • (ortălĭ́s) f (genitive ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος); third declension

ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (canonical)
ortălĭ́s (romanization)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρτᾰλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρτᾰλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ortălĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs ortălĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὀρτᾰλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρτᾰλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὀρτᾰλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ortalis

Probably from *ὀρτος (*ortos) (meaning unknown) + -αλίς (-alís).
Compare συκαλίς (sukalís) and δορκαλίς (dorkalís), which contain the same suffix.


τυτώ

grc-noun

τυτώ • (tutṓ) f (genitive τυτοῦς); third declension

tutṓ (romanization)
τυτοῦς (genitive)
ἡ τυτώ (nominative singular)
τῆς τυτοῦς (genitive singular)
τῇ τυτοῖ (dative singular)
τὴν τυτώ (accusative singular)
τυτοῖ (singular vocative)

Greek: τυτώ (tytó)

→ Translingual: Tyto

Onomatopoeic, rendering the cry of the owl. See also Latin tutubō (“to cry (of an owl)”) and Lithuanian tutúoti (“first flute, pipe”). Similarly in Greek τοῦτις (toûtis, “blackbird”) and ταύτασος (taútasos, “kind of bird”).


λεύκη

grc-noun

λεύκη • (leúkē) f (genitive λεύκης); first declension

leúkē (romanization)
λεύκης (genitive)
ἡ λεύκη (nominative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λεῦκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λεύκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λεύκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεύκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεύκαις (dative plural)
τὴν λεύκην (accusative singular)
τὼ λεύκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεύκᾱς (accusative plural)
λεύκη (singular vocative)
λεύκᾱ (dual vocative)
λεῦκαι (plural vocative)

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -η (-ē).

(in the plural) white spots on the nails


κέπφος

κέπφος • (képphos) m (genitive κέπφου); second declension

képphos (romanization)
κέπφου (genitive)
ὁ κέπφος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέπφω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέπφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέπφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέπφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέπφων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέπφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέπφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέπφοις (dative plural)
τὸν κέπφον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέπφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κέπφους (accusative plural)
κέπφε (singular vocative)
κέπφω (dual vocative)
κέπφοι (plural vocative)

A by-form is κεμπός (kempós, “stupid person”), where the prenasalization shows that the word is Pre-Greek.

Hydrobates pelagicus
Hydrobates pelagicus#Translingual


δενδρολίβανον

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον

δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον • (dendrolĭ́bănon) n (genitive δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου); second declension

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (canonical)
dendrolĭ́bănon (romanization)
δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δενδρολῐβᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον (singular vocative)
δενδρολῐβᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
δενδρολῐ́βᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δενδρολῐ́βᾰνον

desc

δενδρολίβανο

Greek: δενδρολίβανο (dendrolívano)

From δένδρον (déndron, “tree”) + λίβανος (líbanos, “frankincense”).

compound

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)


ἴξ

grc-noun

ῑ̓́ξ • (ī́x) m (genitive ῑ̓κός); third declension

ῑ̓́ξ (canonical)
ī́x (romanization)
ῑ̓κός (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἶκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἶκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓κός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓κοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓κῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓κῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓κοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓ξῐ́ (dative plural)
ῑ̓ξῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs īxĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν ἶκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἶκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἶκᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓́ξ (singular vocative)
ἶκε (dual vocative)
ἶκες (plural vocative)

Probably related to ἴψ (íps, “woodworm”) as a Pre-Greek element.


ἔντυβον

ἔντῠβον • (éntŭbon) n (genitive ἐντῠ́βου); second declension

ἔντῠβον (canonical)
éntŭbon (romanization)
ἐντῠ́βου (genitive)
τὸ ἔντῠβον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐντῠ́βω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἔντῠβᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐντῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐντῠ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐντῠ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐντῠ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐντῠ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐντῠ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἔντῠβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐντῠ́βω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἔντῠβᾰ (accusative plural)
ἔντῠβον (singular vocative)
ἐντῠ́βω (dual vocative)
ἔντῠβᾰ (plural vocative)

From Latin intibus (“endive”), itself probably from a Semitic source.

Cichorium endivia
Cichorium endivia#Translingual


βοῦφος

βοῦφος • (boûphos) m (genitive βούφου); second declension

boûphos (romanization)
βούφου (genitive)
ὁ βοῦφος (nominative singular)
τὼ βούφω (dual nominative)
οἱ βοῦφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βούφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βούφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βούφων (genitive plural)
τῷ βούφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βούφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βούφοις (dative plural)
τὸν βοῦφον (accusative singular)
τὼ βούφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βούφους (accusative plural)
βοῦφε (singular vocative)
βούφω (dual vocative)
βοῦφοι (plural vocative)

Probably of onomatopoeic origin, like Latin būbō (“owl”), Old Armenian բուէճ (buēč, “eagle owl”), and North Persian بوم (bum, “owl”).


χαμαίμηλον

χᾰμαίμηλον • (khămaímēlon) n (genitive χᾰμαιμήλου); second declension

χᾰμαίμηλον (canonical)
khămaímēlon (romanization)
χᾰμαιμήλου (genitive)
τὸ χᾰμαίμηλον (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιμήλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χᾰμαίμηλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰμαιμήλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιμήλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαιμήλων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰμαιμήλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιμήλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰμαιμήλοις (dative plural)
τὸ χᾰμαίμηλον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιμήλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χᾰμαίμηλᾰ (accusative plural)
χᾰμαίμηλον (singular vocative)
χᾰμαιμήλω (dual vocative)
χᾰμαίμηλᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: χαμόμηλον (khamómēlon)

Greek: χαμομήλι (chamomíli)

→ Latin: chamaemēlon

Catalan: camamilla

→ German: Kamille
→ Hungarian: kamilla

desctree

Old French: camomille
→ Middle English: camamille
English: camomile

→ Translingual: Chamaemelum

From χαμαί (khamaí, “near the ground”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).

compound

Chamaemelum nobile
Chamaemelum nobile#Translingual


μελία

grc-noun

μελίᾱ • (melíā) f (genitive μελίᾱς); first declension

μελίᾱ (canonical)
melíā (romanization)
μελίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ μελίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ μελίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μελίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μελίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελίαις (dative plural)
τὴν μελίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μελίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελίᾱς (accusative plural)
μελίᾱ (singular vocative)
μελίᾱ (dual vocative)
μελίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μελιά (meliá)

→ Aramaic:

→? Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: מילה

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܗܠܝܐ

→ Hebrew: מֵילָה (meilá)

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *mélit.
The old comparison with Lithuanian smelùs (“sand colored”) starts from the grey color of the wood. Perhaps the word is Pre-Greek, in view of the various forms in "-ινος".

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual


καλαμίνθη

κᾰλᾰμίνθη • (kălămínthē) f (genitive κᾰλᾰμίνθης); first declension

κᾰλᾰμίνθη (canonical)
kălămínthē (romanization)
κᾰλᾰμίνθης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰλᾰμίνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰλᾰμίνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰλᾰμίνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰλᾰμίνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλᾰμίνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλᾰμινθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰλᾰμίνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλᾰμίνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰλᾰμίνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰλᾰμίνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰλᾰμίνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰλᾰμίνθᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰλᾰμίνθη (singular vocative)
κᾰλᾰμίνθᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰλᾰμίνθαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: calaminthē

→ Old Armenian: կաղամիտ (kałamit)

→ Translingual: Calamintha (now Clinopodium)

Unknown. The formal agreement with *καλαμο-μίνθη (*kalamo-mínthē) does not permit a conclusion. A Pre-Greek word is most probable, because of the suffix and the meaning.

Nepeta cataria
Nepeta cataria#Translingual


παρθένιον

παρθένῐον • (parthénĭon) n (genitive παρθενῐ́ου); second declension

παρθένῐον (canonical)
parthénĭon (romanization)
παρθενῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ παρθένῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ παρθενῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ παρθένῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ παρθενῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν παρθενῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν παρθενῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ παρθενῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν παρθενῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς παρθενῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ παρθένῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ παρθενῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ παρθένῐᾰ (accusative plural)
παρθένῐον (singular vocative)
παρθενῐ́ω (dual vocative)
παρθένῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: parthenium

→ Italian: partenio

→ Translingual: Parthenium

From παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

af

Tanacetum parthenium
Tanacetum parthenium#Translingual


χρυσοκόμη

grc-noun

χρῡσοκόμη • (khrūsokómē) f (genitive χρῡσοκόμης); first declension

χρῡσοκόμη (canonical)
khrūsokómē (romanization)
χρῡσοκόμης (genitive)
ἡ χρῡσοκόμη (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ χρῡσοκόμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς χρῡσοκόμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσοκομῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ χρῡσοκόμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσοκόμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χρῡσοκόμαις (dative plural)
τὴν χρῡσοκόμην (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσοκόμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χρῡσοκόμᾱς (accusative plural)
χρῡσοκόμη (singular vocative)
χρῡσοκόμᾱ (dual vocative)
χρῡσοκόμαι (plural vocative)

χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + κόμη (kómē, “hair of the head”).


ἔποψ

grc-noun

ἔποψ • (épops) m (genitive ἔποπος); third declension

épops (romanization)
ἔποπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔποψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔποπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔποπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔποπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔποπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔποψῐ (dative plural)
ἔποψῐν (dative plural)
toîs épopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs épopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἔποπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔποπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔποπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔποψ (singular vocative)
ἔποπε (dual vocative)
ἔποπες (plural vocative)

Formation like δρύοψ (drúops, “woodpecker”), on an onomatopoeic basis. Parallel names exist in other languages, like Latin upupa, Persian پوپو (pôpô), Armenian հոպոպ (hopop) and Latvian pupukis.


βλῆχνον

βλῆχνον • (blêkhnon) n (genitive βλήχνου); second declension

blêkhnon (romanization)
βλήχνου (genitive)
τὸ βλῆχνον (nominative singular)
τὼ βλήχνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βλῆχνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλήχνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλήχνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλήχνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βλήχνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλήχνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλήχνοις (dative plural)
τὸ βλῆχνον (accusative singular)
τὼ βλήχνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βλῆχνᾰ (accusative plural)
βλῆχνον (singular vocative)
βλήχνω (dual vocative)
βλῆχνᾰ (plural vocative)

The variation "ρ/ν" points to a Pre-Greek origin.

Dryopteris filix-mas
Dryopteris filix-mas#Translingual


φαλαρίς

φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς • (phălārĭ́s) f (genitive φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος); third declension

φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (canonical)
phălārĭ́s (romanization)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰλᾱρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰλᾱρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs phălārĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs phălārĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰλᾱρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰλᾱρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
φᾰλᾱρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: φαλαρίδα (falarída)

→ Translingual: Phalaris

From φάλαρος (phálaros, “having a patch of white”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s).


μυροβάλανος

grc-noun

μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνος

μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νου

μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνος • (mŭrobắlănos) f (genitive μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νου); second declension

μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνος (canonical)
mŭrobắlănos (romanization)
μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive)
ἡ μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνε (singular vocative)
μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῠροβᾰ́λᾰνος

μῠροβᾰλᾰ́νου

desctree

→ Latin: myrobalanum, myrobalanus
→ English: myrobalan
→ French: myrobalan (learned)
→ German: Myrobalane
Old French: mirabolan
Middle French: myrobolan, mirabolan, mirobolan
French: myrobolan
→ Catalan: mirabolà
→ Italian: mirabolano
Spanish: mirobálano

From μύρον (múron, “unguent, perfume”) + βάλανος (bálanos, “acorn”).

compound

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera#Translingual


σίλουρος

grc-noun

σίλουρος • (sílouros) m (genitive σιλούρου); second declension

sílouros (romanization)
σιλούρου (genitive)
ὁ σίλουρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σίλουροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιλούρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιλούρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σιλούρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιλούροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιλούροις (dative plural)
τὸν σίλουρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σιλούρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σιλούρους (accusative plural)
σίλουρε (singular vocative)
σιλούρω (dual vocative)
σίλουροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: silurus

→ Italian: siluro

→ Translingual: Silurus

Traditionally derived from οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) and an unclear first element, connected by Solmsen to σίλλος (síllos, “squint-eyed”) and Σειληνός (Seilēnós, “Silenus”). However, the word is rather formed with the Pre-Greek suffix "-ουρος".

Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis#Translingual


ὑοσκύαμος

ὑοσκύᾰμος • (huoskúămos) m (genitive ὑοσκυᾰ́μου); second declension

ὑοσκύᾰμος (canonical)
huoskúămos (romanization)
ὑοσκυᾰ́μου (genitive)
ὁ ὑοσκῠ́ᾰμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑοσκῠᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὑοσκῠ́ᾰμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑοσκῠᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑοσκῠᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑοσκῠᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑοσκῠᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑοσκῠᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑοσκῠᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὑοσκῠ́ᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑοσκῠᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὑοσκῠᾰ́μους (accusative plural)
ὑοσκῠ́ᾰμε (singular vocative)
ὑοσκῠᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
ὑοσκῠ́ᾰμοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: hyoscyamus

→ French: jusquiame

→ Italian: giusquiamo

→ Translingual: Hyoscyamus

From ὗς (hûs, “swine”) + κύαμος (kúamos, “bean”).

compound

Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger#Translingual


ὠτίς

grc-noun

ὠτῐ́ς • (ōtĭ́s) f (genitive ὠτῐ́δος); third declension

ὠτῐ́ς (canonical)
ōtĭ́s (romanization)
ὠτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὠτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὠτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὠτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὠτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὠτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὠτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs ōtĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs ōtĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὠτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὠτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὠτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὠτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὠτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: ωτίδα (otída)

→ Latin: ōtis

→ Translingual: Otis

From οὖς (oûs, “ear”) + -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s). Compare ὦτος (ôtos, “horned owl”), from the same stem.


χαιρέφυλλον

χαιρεφῠ́λλου

χαιρέφῠλλον • (khairéphŭllon) n (genitive χαιρεφῠ́λλου); second declension

χαιρέφῠλλον (canonical)
khairéphŭllon (romanization)
χαιρεφῠ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ χαιρέφῠλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ χαιρεφῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ χαιρέφῠλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ χαιρεφῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χαιρεφῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χαιρεφῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ χαιρεφῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χαιρεφῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χαιρεφῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ χαιρέφῠλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ χαιρεφῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ χαιρέφῠλλᾰ (accusative plural)
χαιρέφῠλλον (singular vocative)
χαιρεφῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
χαιρέφῠλλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: caerefolium

From χαίρω (khaírō, “to enjoy”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).

compound

Anthriscus cerefolium
Anthriscus cerefolium#Translingual


ὀνοβρυχίς

grc-noun

ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δος

ὀνοβρῠχῐ́ς • (onobrŭkhĭ́s) f (genitive ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δος); third declension

ὀνοβρῠχῐ́ς (canonical)
onobrŭkhĭ́s (romanization)
ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὀνοβρῠχῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀνοβρῠχῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὀνοβρῠχῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs onobrŭkhĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs onobrŭkhĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὀνοβρῠχῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀνοβρῠχῐ́δος

→ Translingual: Onobrychis

From ὄνος (ónos, “ass, donkey”) + βρύχω (brúkhō, “to devour”) + -ίς (-ís).


ζέρνα

grc-noun

ζέρνᾰ • (zérnă) f (genitive ζέρνης); first declension

ζέρνᾰ (canonical)
zérnă (romanization)
ζέρνης (genitive)
ἡ ζέρνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζέρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζέρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ζέρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζέρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζερνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζέρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζέρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζέρναις (dative plural)
τὴν ζέρνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζέρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζέρνᾱς (accusative plural)
ζέρνᾰ (singular vocative)
ζέρνᾱ (dual vocative)
ζέρναι (plural vocative)

According to Lewy, from a Semitic source common to Hebrew זֶרַע (zéra‛, “seed”).


πεντάφυλλον

πεντᾰ́φῠλλον

πεντᾰφῠ́λλου

πεντᾰ́φῠλλον • (pentắphŭllon) n (genitive πεντᾰφῠ́λλου); second declension

πεντᾰ́φῠλλον (canonical)
pentắphŭllon (romanization)
πεντᾰφῠ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ πεντᾰ́φῠλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ πεντᾰφῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πεντᾰ́φῠλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πεντᾰφῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεντᾰφῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεντᾰφῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ πεντᾰφῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πεντᾰφῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πεντᾰφῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ πεντᾰ́φῠλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ πεντᾰφῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πεντᾰ́φῠλλᾰ (accusative plural)
πεντᾰ́φῠλλον (singular vocative)
πεντᾰφῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
πεντᾰ́φῠλλᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πεντᾰ́φῠλλον

From πεντα- (penta-, “five”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).

compound

Potentilla reptans
Potentilla reptans#Translingual

creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans)


σαρκοκόλλα

grc-noun

σαρκοκόλλᾰ • (sarkokóllă) f (genitive σαρκοκόλλης); first declension

σαρκοκόλλᾰ (canonical)
sarkokóllă (romanization)
σαρκοκόλλης (genitive)
ἡ σαρκοκόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαρκοκόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαρκοκόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαρκοκολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαρκοκόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαρκοκόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σαρκοκόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαρκοκόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
σαρκοκόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
σαρκοκόλλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sarcocolla

→ English: sarcocolla

Middle English: sarcocol, sarcocolle

English: sarcocol

From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

compound

milkvetch (flowering shrubs of the genus Astragalus, particularly A. sarcocolla, source of the resin)


ῥάφανος

grc-noun

ῥάφᾰνος • (rháphănos) f (genitive ῥαφᾰ́νου); second declension

ῥάφᾰνος (canonical)
rháphănos (romanization)
ῥαφᾰ́νου (genitive)
ἡ ῥάφᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥάφᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥαφᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥαφᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥαφᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥαφᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥάφᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
ῥάφᾰνε (singular vocative)
ῥαφᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
ῥάφᾰνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: raphanus (see there for further descendants)

Translingual: Raphanus

The formation is similar to other plant names, such as λάχανον (lákhanon), πήγανον (pḗganon) and πύανος (púanos). Since the word is widespread only in Europe, and since it has variant forms, it cannot be an inherited word from Indo-European, but must have been borrowed instead, or otherwise belong to a substrate. Latin rāpum (“turnip”), Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”) and Lithuanian rope (“turnip”) point to a pre-form *rāp-; beside this we find Old High German raba and Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”), which point to *rēp-. In Greek we find also ῥάπυς (rhápus) and ῥάφυς (rháphus, “turnip”). Since the variation "π/φ" and the suffix "-αν-" are evidently Pre-Greek features, the word may originally be of substrate stock; thence the European cognates cited above were borrowed.


ὦτος

ὦτος • (ôtos) m (genitive ὤτου); second declension

ôtos (romanization)
ὤτου (genitive)
ὁ ὦτος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὤτω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὦτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὤτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὤτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὤτοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὦτον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὤτω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὤτους (accusative plural)
ὦτε (singular vocative)
ὤτω (dual vocative)
ὦτοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: otus

→ Translingual: Otus

From οὖς (oûs, “ear”). Compare ὠτίς (ōtís, “bustard”), from the same stem.


μυρμηκολέων

μῠρμηκολέοντος

μυρμηκολέων • (murmēkoléōn) m (genitive μῠρμηκολέοντος); third declension

murmēkoléōn (romanization)
μῠρμηκολέοντος (genitive)
ὁ μῠρμηκολέων (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρμηκολέοντε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠρμηκολέοντες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠρμηκολέοντος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρμηκολεόντοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρμηκολεόντων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠρμηκολέοντῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρμηκολεόντοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠρμηκολέουσῐ (dative plural)
μῠρμηκολέουσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mŭrmēkoléousĭ (dative plural)
toîs mŭrmēkoléousĭn (dative plural)
τὸν μῠρμηκολέοντᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρμηκολέοντε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠρμηκολέοντᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠρμηκολέον (singular vocative)
μῠρμηκολέοντε (dual vocative)
μῠρμηκολέοντες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μῠρμηκολέοντος

Translingual: Myrmeleon

desc

→ Old Armenian: մրջիւնառիւծ (mrǰiwnaṙiwc) (calque)

From μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”).


εὔζωμον

grc-noun

εὔζωμον • (eúzōmon) n (genitive εὐζώμου); second declension

eúzōmon (romanization)
εὐζώμου (genitive)
τὸ εὔζωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐζώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ εὔζωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ εὐζώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐζώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐζώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ εὐζώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐζώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εὐζώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ εὔζωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐζώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ εὔζωμᾰ (accusative plural)
εὔζωμον (singular vocative)
εὐζώμω (dual vocative)
εὔζωμᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: euzōmon

Neuter form of εὔζωμος (eúzōmos, “making good broth”).


τόργος

τόργος • (tórgos) m (genitive τόργου); second declension

tórgos (romanization)
τόργου (genitive)
ὁ τόργος (nominative singular)
τὼ τόργω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόργοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τόργου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τόργοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τόργων (genitive plural)
τῷ τόργῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τόργοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τόργοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόργον (accusative singular)
τὼ τόργω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τόργους (accusative plural)
τόργε (singular vocative)
τόργω (dual vocative)
τόργοι (plural vocative)

Without a convincing etymology. A connection with Proto-Germanic *sturkaz (“stork”) seems gratuitous. Thompson compares Coptic ⲧⲣⲉ (tre, “kite”).

unk

Without a convincing etymology


μαχαιρόφυλλον

grc-noun

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον

μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον • (măkhairóphŭllon) n (genitive μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου); second declension

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (canonical)
măkhairóphŭllon (romanization)
μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον (singular vocative)
μᾰχαιροφῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
μᾰχαιρόφῠλλᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

μᾰχαιρόφῠλλον

From μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “knife”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).

compound

gladiolus (plant of the genus Gladiolus)


ὑπόγλωσσον

grc-noun

ὑπόγλωσσον • (hupóglōsson) n (genitive ὑπογλώσσου); second declension

hupóglōsson (romanization)
ὑπογλώσσου (genitive)
τὸ ὑπόγλωσσον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑπογλώσσω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὑπογλώσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑπογλώσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑπογλώσσων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὑπογλώσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑπογλώσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὑπογλώσσοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὑπόγλωσσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑπογλώσσω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (accusative plural)
ὑπόγλωσσον (singular vocative)
ὑπογλώσσω (dual vocative)
ὑπόγλωσσᾰ (plural vocative)

Neuter form of ὑπόγλωσσος (hupóglōssos, “under the tongue”).


ἐπίθυμον

ἐπίθῠμον • (epíthŭmon) n (genitive ἐπιθῠ́μου); second declension

ἐπίθῠμον (canonical)
epíthŭmon (romanization)
ἐπιθῠ́μου (genitive)
τὸ ἐπίθῠμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπιθῠ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐπίθῠμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐπιθῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπιθῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπιθῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐπιθῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπιθῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐπιθῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐπίθῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπιθῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐπίθῠμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐπίθῠμον (singular vocative)
ἐπιθῠ́μω (dual vocative)
ἐπίθῠμᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Arabic: أَفْتِيمُون (ʔaftīmūn), أَفْثِيمُون (ʔafṯīmūn), أَفِيتِمُون (ʔafītimūn), أَفِيثِمُون (ʔafīṯimūn), أَفِيتِيمُون (ʔafītīmūn), أَفِيثِيمُون (ʔafīṯīmūn)

→ Arabic: صُعَيْتَرَة (ṣuʕaytara) (calque)

→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲑⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ (pathamoun)

From ἐπι- (epi-) + θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”).

Cuscuta epithymum
Cuscuta epithymum#Translingual