κάρπασος

head

κάρπᾰσος • (kárpăsos) f (genitive καρπάσου, plural (neuter) κάρπᾰσᾰ)

κάρπᾰσος (canonical)
kárpăsos (romanization)
καρπάσου (genitive)
κάρπᾰσᾰ (neuter plural)
ἡ κᾰ́ρπᾰσος (nominative singular)
τῆς κᾰρπᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τῇ κᾰρπᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́ρπᾰσον (accusative singular)
κᾰ́ρπᾰσε (singular vocative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρπᾰσοι (nominative plural)
τῶν κᾰρπᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κᾰρπᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κᾰρπᾰ́σους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ρπᾰσοι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás, “a type of expensive fabric made of cotton”).

bor

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual

flax (Linum usitatissimum or Linum bienne)


κάνναβις

grc-noun

κάννᾰβῐς • (kánnăbĭs) f (genitive καννάβῐος or καννάβεως or καννάβῐδος); third declension

κάννᾰβῐς (canonical)
kánnăbĭs (romanization)
καννάβῐος (genitive)
καννάβεως (genitive)
καννάβῐδος (genitive)
ἡ κάνναβῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς καννάβῐος (genitive singular)
καννάβεως (genitive singular)
τῇ καννάβει (dative singular)
τὴν κάνναβῐν (accusative singular)
κάνναβῐ (singular vocative)
ἡ κάνναβῐς (nominative singular)
αἱ καννάβῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς καννάβῐδος (genitive singular)
τῶν κανναβῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ καννάβῐδῐ (dative singular)
ταῖς καννάβῐσῐ (dative plural)
καννάβῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kannábĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs kannábĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν καννάβῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς καννάβῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
κάνναβῐς (singular vocative)
καννάβῐδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

καννάβῐος/καννάβεως

Greek: κάνναβη (kánnavi)

→ Aromanian: cãnavi

desc

→ Latin: cannabis, cannaba, cannabum, cannabus, canapa, canapis, canapus, canava, canva (Late Latin, Vulgar Latin) (see there for further descendants)

Brill Publishers
Etymology of cannabis
Herodotus
Neo-Assyrian
Oleg Trubachyov
Vienna Dioscurides

A Kulturwort or Wanderwort of unknown ultimate origin:
* perhaps Scythian or Thracian (according to a remark made by Herodotus, that Scythians and Thracians knew the plant)
* or possibly “belonging to the pre-Indo-European agricultural layer”. A proposal going back to Schrader derives the word from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kana-pis: compare Eastern Mari кыне́ (kyńé), Western Mari кӹне (kÿńe, “hemp”) and Komi-Permyak пыш (pyš), Udmurt пыш (pyš, “hemp”), but Finno-Ugricists deny the existence of such a compound.
Compare (within the Indo-European language family) Albanian kërp, Old Armenian կանեփ (kanepʻ), կանափ (kanapʻ), Proto-Slavic *konopь, Lithuanian kanãpė, Latvian kaņepe, Old Prussian knapios, Proto-Germanic *hanapiz (> English hemp), Middle Persian [script needed] (kʾnb /kā̆naβ/), Persian کنب (kanab), کنو (kanav), کنف (kanaf, “kenaf”), Northern Kurdish kinif, Sogdian [script needed] (kynpʾ /kēnapā/), Khwarezmian [script needed] (knb-ynk), Ossetian гӕн (gæn), гӕнӕ (gænæ), Khotanese 𐨐𐨎𐨱 (kaṃha), 𐨐𐨂𐨎𐨦𐨌 (kuṃbā), Wakhi kəm, perhaps also to Sanskrit शण (śaṇá), Middle Persian [script needed] (šn' /šan/), the satem variants of the same etymon, and to Sanskrit भाङ्ग (bhāṅga), Persian بنگ (bang), the reverse forms of it (due to a taboo).
Compare further Sumerian [script needed] (kunibu), Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 (qunnabu, qunappu, qun(u)bu), Classical Syriac ܩܢܦܐ (qnpʾ), Arabic قِنَّب (qinnab), Georgian კანაფი (ḳanapi), Svan ქან (kan), Mingrelian კიფი (ḳipi), Laz კერფი (ǩerpi), Adyghe кӏэп (kʼɛp), Kabardian щӏэп (śʼɛp), Abkhaz ақәны (akʷnə), Eastern Mari кыне (kyńe), Karakalpak [script needed] (kenep), Turkish kendir. The interrelationship of all these forms is disputed.
More at Etymology of cannabis.

unk

unknown


σαγματοπασμαγάδια

grc-noun

σαγματοπασμαγαδίων

σαγματοπασμαγάδια • (sagmatopasmagádia) n pl (genitive σαγματοπασμαγαδίων); second declension

sagmatopasmagádia (romanization)
σαγματοπασμαγαδίων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν σαγματοπασμαγαδίων (genitive plural)
τοῖς σαγματοπασμαγαδίοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (accusative plural)
σαγματοπασμαγάδιᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

σαγματοπασμαγάδιον

σάγμα (ságma, “saddle”) + πασμαγάνδιον (pasmagándion, “welding blanket”), the second element being from Persian پشماگند (pašmâgand).

af

πασμαγάνδιον

c. 10th century, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions. Translated by J. F. Haldon, Vienna 1990, C 119-122.

(Byzantine, plural only) saddle and welding blanket


μύωψ

grc-noun

μῠ́ωψ • (mŭ́ōps) m (genitive μῠ́ωπος); third declension

μῠ́ωψ (canonical)
mŭ́ōps (romanization)
μῠ́ωπος (genitive)
ὁ μῠ́ωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́ωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠ́ωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠ́ωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠ́ωψῐ (dative plural)
μῠ́ωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs mŭ́ōpsĭ (dative plural)
toîs mŭ́ōpsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν μῠ́ωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠ́ωπᾰς (accusative plural)
μῠ́ωψ (singular vocative)
μῠ́ωπε (dual vocative)
μῠ́ωπες (plural vocative)

→ Esperanto: miopa

→ French: myope

→ German: myop

affix

μύω (múō) + ὤψ (ṓps)


ἡνία

grc-noun

ἡνίᾰ • (hēníă) n pl (genitive ἡνίων); second declension

ἡνίᾱ • (hēníā) f (genitive ἡνίᾱς); first declension

ἡνίᾰ (canonical)
hēníă (romanization)
ἡνίων (genitive)
ἡνίᾱ (canonical)
hēníā (romanization)
ἡνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
ἡνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
ἡνῐ́οισῐ (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́οισῐν (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́οις (dative plural)
hēnĭ́oisĭ (dative plural)
hēnĭ́oisĭn (dative plural)
hēnĭ́ois (dative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)
ἡ ἡνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
αἱ ἡνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἡνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῶν ἡνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἡνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
ταῖς ἡνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ἡνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς ἡνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ἡνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
ἡνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes from Proto-Indo-European *h₂em- (“to grasp”) and cognate with Latin ānsa (“handle”) and Lithuanian ąsà (“handle”).


κάμπος

κάμπος • (kámpos) n (genitive κάμπεος or κάμπους); third declension

kámpos (romanization)
κάμπεος (genitive)
κάμπους (genitive)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπεε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́μπεος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰμπέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰμπέων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́μπεῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰμπέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́μπεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́μπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kắmpesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kắmpesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπεε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπεᾰ (accusative plural)
κᾰ́μπος (singular vocative)
κᾰ́μπεε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́μπεᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπη (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰ́μπους (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰμποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰμπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰ́μπει (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰμποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰ́μπεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́μπεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kắmpesĭ (dative plural)
toîs kắmpesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ κᾰ́μπος (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́μπει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κᾰ́μπη (accusative plural)
κᾰ́μπος (singular vocative)
κᾰ́μπει (dual vocative)
κᾰ́μπη (plural vocative)


εὐνοῦχος

εὐνοῦχος • (eunoûkhos) m (genitive εὐνούχου); second declension

eunoûkhos (romanization)
εὐνούχου (genitive)
ὁ εὐνοῦχος (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐνούχω (dual nominative)
οἱ εὐνοῦχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ εὐνούχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐνούχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐνούχων (genitive plural)
τῷ εὐνούχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐνούχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εὐνούχοις (dative plural)
τὸν εὐνοῦχον (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐνούχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς εὐνούχους (accusative plural)
εὐνοῦχε (singular vocative)
εὐνούχω (dual vocative)
εὐνοῦχοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ευνούχος (evnoúchos)

→ Latin: eunūchus (see there for further descendants)

Compound of εὐνή (eunḗ, “bed”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “to hold”); literally, someone who takes care of the nuptial chamber, a chamberlain.


πρόλοβος

grc-noun

πρόλοβος • (prólobos) m (genitive προλόβου); second declension

prólobos (romanization)
προλόβου (genitive)
ὁ πρόλοβος (nominative singular)
τὼ προλόβω (dual nominative)
οἱ πρόλοβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ προλόβου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προλόβοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προλόβων (genitive plural)
τῷ προλόβῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προλόβοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προλόβοις (dative plural)
τὸν πρόλοβον (accusative singular)
τὼ προλόβω (accusative dual)
τοὺς προλόβους (accusative plural)
πρόλοβε (singular vocative)
προλόβω (dual vocative)
πρόλοβοι (plural vocative)

πρό (pró, “before”) + λοβός (lobós, “lobe”)


μαρούλιον

head

μαρούλιον • (maroúlion) n

desc

Greek: μαρούλι (maroúli), μαρούλια pl (maroúlia)

→ Albanian: marule, marulë

→ Bulgarian: мару́ля (marúlja), мару́л (marúl)

→ Macedonian: марула (marula)

→ Romanian: marulă, marolă

→ Serbo-Croatian: marulja / маруља

→ Old Armenian: մառուլ (maṙul)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مارول (marul, marol)

Turkish: marul, marol

→ Middle Armenian: մառուլ (maṙul), մառօլ (maṙōl)

Armenian: մառոլ (maṙol)

→ Armenian: մառուլ (maṙul)

Sicilian: amareḍḍi pl

From earlier *ἀμαρούλιον (*amaroúlion), from Latin amārus (“bitter”).


σής

grc-noun

σής • (sḗs) m (genitive σεός or σητός); third declension

sḗs (romanization)
σεός (genitive)
σητός (genitive)
ὁ σής (nominative singular)
οἱ σέες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σεός (genitive singular)
τῶν σέων (genitive plural)
τοὺς σέας (accusative plural)
ὁ σής (nominative singular)
τὼ σῆτε (dual nominative)
οἱ σῆτες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σητός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σητοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σητῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σητοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σησῐ́ (dative plural)
σησῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs sēsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν σῆτᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σῆτε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῆτᾰς (accusative plural)
σής (singular vocative)
σῆτε (dual vocative)
σῆτες (plural vocative)

A Semitic loanword, found as Aramaic סָסָא / ܣܳܣܳܐ (sāsā, “moth”), Hebrew סָס (sās, “moth”), Akkadian 𒌨𒈨 (sāsum, “moth”), Arabic سُوس (sūs, “moth-worm”).


σκώψ

σκώψ • (skṓps) m (genitive σκωπός); third declension

skṓps (romanization)
σκωπός (genitive)
ὁ σκώψ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῶπε (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῶπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκωπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκωποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκωπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σκωπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκωποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκωψῐ́ (dative plural)
σκωψῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs skōpsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν σκῶπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῶπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῶπᾰς (accusative plural)
σκώψ (singular vocative)
σκῶπε (dual vocative)
σκῶπες (plural vocative)

Usually connected to the root Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”), whence also σκέπτομαι (sképtomai).
Beekes claims that this is Pre-Greek based on an assumption that it could be related to the Macedonian dialectal γώψ (gṓps, “jackdaw”).


σέλινον

σέλῑνον • (sélīnon) n (genitive σελῑ́νου); second declension

σέλῑνον (canonical)
sélīnon (romanization)
σελῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ σέλῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ σελῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σέλῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σελῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σελῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σελῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σελῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σελῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σελῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ σέλῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σελῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σέλῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
σέλῑνον (singular vocative)
σελῑ́νω (dual vocative)
σέλῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: σέλινο (sélino)
→ Albanian: selino

desc

→ Ge'ez: ሲላን (silan), ሲለን (silän), ስለን (səlän)

Tigre: ሺላን (šilan)

Tigrinya: ሽላን (šəlan)

→? Amharic: ሽላን (šəlan, šəllan)

→ Late Latin: selīnon

→ Catalan: selí

→ French: sélin

Italian: sellero (Probably North Italy)

Ligurian: sélou

Lombard: seller, sèlen; selleri (plural)

→ French: céleri (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: séler, sélen, séleri

→ Romanian: țelină (also influenced by Slavic)

Pre-Greek. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀮𐀪𐀜 (se-ri-no).


γύψ

grc-noun

γῡ́ψ • (gū́ps) m (genitive γῡπός); third declension

γῡ́ψ (canonical)
gū́ps (romanization)
γῡπός (genitive)
ὁ γῡ́ψ (nominative singular)
τὼ γῦπε (dual nominative)
οἱ γῦπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ γῡπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῡποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῡπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γῡπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῡποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γῡψῐ́ (dative plural)
γῡψῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs gūpsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν γῦπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γῦπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς γῦπᾰς (accusative plural)
γῡ́ψ (singular vocative)
γῦπε (dual vocative)
γῦπες (plural vocative)
γῡ́ψ (nominative singular)
γῦπε (dual nominative)
γῦπες (nominative plural)
γῡπός (genitive singular)
γῡποῖῐν (dual genitive)
γῡπῶν (genitive plural)
γῡπῐ́ (dative singular)
γῡποῖῐν (dative dual)
γῡψῐ́ (dative plural)
γῡψῐ́ν (dative plural)
γῡ́πεσσῐ (dative plural)
γῡ́πεσσῐν (dative plural)
γῡ́πεσῐ (dative plural)
γῡ́πεσῐν (dative plural)
gūpsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
gū́pessĭ (dative plural)
gū́pessĭn (dative plural)
gū́pesĭ (dative plural)
gū́pesĭn (dative plural)
γῦπᾰ (accusative singular)
γῦπε (accusative dual)
γῦπᾰς (accusative plural)
γῡ́ψ (singular vocative)
γῦπε (dual vocative)
γῦπες (plural vocative)

Greek: γύπας (gýpas)

→ Translingual: Gyps

→ Old Georgian: ჯიპოსი (ǯiṗosi)


μήκων

μήκων • (mḗkōn) f (genitive μήκωνος); third declension

mḗkōn (romanization)
μήκωνος (genitive)
ἡ μήκων (nominative singular)
τὼ μήκωνε (dual nominative)
αἱ μήκωνες (nominative plural)
τῆς μήκωνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηκώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηκώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ μήκωνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηκώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μήκωσῐ (dative plural)
μήκωσῐν (dative plural)
taîs mḗkōsĭ (dative plural)
taîs mḗkōsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν μήκωνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μήκωνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μήκωνᾰς (accusative plural)
μήκων (singular vocative)
μήκωνε (dual vocative)
μήκωνες (plural vocative)

Greek: μήκων (míkon)

English: mecon

Translingual: Arctomecon, Calomecon, Dendromecon, Eomecon, Hesperomecon, Hylomecon, Meconella, Meconopsis, Oreomecon, Stylomecon

→ Old Armenian: մեկոն (mekon)

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *makъ, (Old Church Slavonic макъ (makŭ)) and German Mohn; from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ko-.

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

(anatomy) the part of the ear at the root under the lobe


πίσος

πῐ́σος • (pĭ́sos) m (genitive πῐ́σου); second declension

πῐ́σος (canonical)
pĭ́sos (romanization)
πῐ́σου (genitive)
ὁ πῐ́σος (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ πῐ́σοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πῐ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ πῐ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πῐ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν πῐ́σον (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πῐ́σους (accusative plural)
πῐ́σε (singular vocative)
πῐ́σω (dual vocative)
πῐ́σοι (plural vocative)

A loanword from an unknown source, with some possibilities including Thracian and Phrygian.

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual


μυρσίνη

μῠρσῐ́νη • (mŭrsĭ́nē) f (genitive μῠρσῐ́νης); first declension

μῠρσῐ́νη (canonical)
mŭrsĭ́nē (romanization)
μῠρσῐ́νης (genitive)
ἡ μῠρσῐ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠρσῐ́ναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠρσῐ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρσῐνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠρσῐ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠρσῐ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν μῠρσῐ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠρσῐ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠρσῐ́νη (singular vocative)
μῠρσῐ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠρσῐ́ναι (plural vocative)

Greek: μυρσίνη (myrsíni)

desctree

→ Arabic: مَرْسِين (marsīn)
→ Ottoman Turkish: مرسین (mersin)
Turkish: mersin
→ Azerbaijani: mərsin
→ Persian: میرسین (mirsin)

→ Old Georgian: მჳრსინი (mwirsini)

→ Translingual: Myrsine

From μύρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”), with a change of consonant μυρτ-/μυρσ-.

Myrtus communis
Myrtus communis#Translingual


ἶβις

grc-noun

ἶβῐς • (îbĭs) f (genitive ἴ̄βῐδος or ἴ̄βεως); third declension

ἶβῐς (canonical)
îbĭs (romanization)
ἴ̄βῐδος (genitive)
ἴ̄βεως (genitive)
ἡ ἶβῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́βῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῑ̓́βῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓́βῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓βῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓βῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓́βῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓βῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓́βῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓́βῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ī́bĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs ī́bĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῑ̓́βῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́βῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́βῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ἶβῐς (singular vocative)
ῑ̓́βῐδε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓́βῐδες (plural vocative)
ἡ ἶβῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́βει (dual nominative)
αἱ ῑ̓́βεις (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓́βεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓βέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓́βεων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓́βει (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓βέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓́βεσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓́βεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ī́besĭ (dative plural)
taîs ī́besĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἶβῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓́βει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́βεις (accusative plural)
ἶβῐ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓́βει (dual vocative)
ῑ̓́βεις (plural vocative)

→ Greek: ίβις (ívis)

→ Latin: ībis (see there for further descendants)


θώς

θώς • (thṓs) m or f (genitive θωός); third declension

thṓs (romanization)
θωός (genitive)
ὁ θώς (nominative singular)
τὼ θῶε (dual nominative)
οἱ θῶες (nominative plural)
τοῦ θωός (genitive singular)
τοῖν θώοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θώων (genitive plural)
τῷ θῷ (dative singular)
θῶῐ̈ (dative singular)
τοῖν θώοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θωσῐ́ (dative plural)
θωσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs thōsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν θῶ (accusative singular)
θῶᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θῶε (accusative dual)
τοὺς θῶᾰς (accusative plural)
θώς (singular vocative)
θῶε (dual vocative)
θῶες (plural vocative)

Latin: thōs

⇒ Byzantine Greek:

Pontic Greek: θώπεκας (thópekas)

→ Old Armenian: թեպեկ (tʻepek)

According to Beekes it could be related to θῶσθαι (thôsthai, “to eat”) or alternatively from Pre-Greek.


τρωξαλλίς

τρωξαλλίς • (trōxallís) f (genitive τρωξαλλίδος); third declension

trōxallís (romanization)
τρωξαλλίδος (genitive)
ἡ τρωξαλλῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τρωξαλλῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρωξαλλῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρωξαλλῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρωξαλλῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρωξαλλῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τρωξαλλῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρωξαλλῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρωξαλλῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
τρωξαλλῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs trōxallĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs trōxallĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν τρωξαλλῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρωξαλλῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρωξαλλῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τρωξαλλῐ́ς (singular vocative)
τρωξαλλῐ́δε (dual vocative)
τρωξαλλῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Due to the ending -αλλ- (which he proposes to derive from a palatalized alveolar lateral approximant), Beekes concludes that this term is Pre-Greek.


λίβανος

λίβανος • (líbanos) m or f (genitive λίβανου); second declension

líbanos (romanization)
λίβανου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ λίβανος (nominative singular)
τὼ λιβάνω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ λίβανοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς λιβάνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λιβάνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λιβάνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ λιβάνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λιβάνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς λιβάνοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν λίβανον (accusative singular)
τὼ λιβάνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς λιβάνους (accusative plural)
λίβανε (singular vocative)
λιβάνω (dual vocative)
λίβανοι (plural vocative)

Borrowed from a Semitic language, probably from a Canaanite word cognate to Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (ləḇōnā, “frankincense”) and Arabic لُبَان (lubān, “frankincense”), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”).


ἀκαρί

→ New Latin: acarus (learned)

→ Translingual: Acari

Uncertain; probably Pre-Greek. Compare κάρνος (kárnos, “louse”), κόρις (kóris, “bedbug”). Sometimes connected to ἀκαρής (akarḗs).


ἀσφάραγος

grc-noun

ἀσφάρᾰγος • (asphárăgos) m (genitive ἀσφᾰράγου); second declension

ἀσφάρᾰγος (canonical)
asphárăgos (romanization)
ἀσφᾰράγου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γους (accusative plural)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγε (singular vocative)
ἀσφᾰρᾰ́γω (dual vocative)
ἀσφᾰ́ρᾰγοι (plural vocative)

Latin: asparagus (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to jerk, to scatter”) (whence σφαραγέομαι (spharagéomai, “to burst with a noise, teem”)), but Beekes rejects this, citing a Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of the variation "π/φ".

der

Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus officinalis#Translingual


ῥίνη

grc-noun

ῥί̄νη • (rhí̄nē) f (genitive ῥί̄νης); first declension

ῥί̄νη (canonical)
rhí̄nē (romanization)
ῥί̄νης (genitive)
ἡ ῥῑ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥῑ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥῖναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥῑ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥῑ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥῑνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥῑ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥῑ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥῑ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥῑ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥῑ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥῑ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥῑ́νη (singular vocative)
ῥῑ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥῖναι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Rhina

angel shark (Squatina squatina), whose skin was used for polishing wood and marble


σάγμα

σάγμᾰ • (ságmă) n (genitive σάγμᾰτος); third declension

σάγμᾰ (canonical)
ságmă (romanization)
σάγμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́γμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́γμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰ́γμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰγμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰγμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰ́γμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰγμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰ́γμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
σᾰ́γμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs sắgmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs sắgmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́γμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́γμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́γμᾰ (singular vocative)
σᾰ́γμᾰτε (dual vocative)
σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: sagma

→ French: somme

→ German: Saum

→ Italian: salma, soma

From σάττω (sáttō, “I cram, I stuff”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to press, squeeze”) (Proto-Germanic *þwangiz).

der

A covering, a clothing; the covering of a shield


σκάνδιξ

grc-noun

σκάνδῑξ • (skándīx) f (genitive σκάνδῑκος); third declension

σκάνδῑξ (canonical)
skándīx (romanization)
σκάνδῑκος (genitive)
ἡ σκάνδῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκάνδῑκε (dual nominative)
αἱ σκάνδῑκες (nominative plural)
τῆς σκάνδῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκανδῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκανδῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ σκάνδῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκανδῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκάνδῑξῐ (dative plural)
σκάνδῑξῐν (dative plural)
taîs skándīxĭ (dative plural)
taîs skándīxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σκάνδῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκάνδῑκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκάνδῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
σκάνδῑξ (singular vocative)
σκάνδῑκε (dual vocative)
σκάνδῑκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scandix

→ Translingual: Scandix

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual

Venus's comb, shepherd's needle (Scandix pecten-veneris)


σκόλυμος

σκόλῠμος • (skólŭmos) m or f (genitive σκολῠ́μου); second declension

σκόλῠμος (canonical)
skólŭmos (romanization)
σκολῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ σκόλῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκολῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ σκόλῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς σκολῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκολῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκολῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ σκολῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκολῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς σκολῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν σκόλῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκολῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς σκολῠ́μους (accusative plural)
σκόλῠμε (singular vocative)
σκολῠ́μω (dual vocative)
σκόλῠμοι (plural vocative)

→ French: scolyme

→ Italian: scolimo

→ Latin: scolymos

→ Translingual: Scolymus

Explained as of Pre-Greek origin. Compare also the Serbo-Croatian skolab, skulob of the same meaning, a term the Slavs could only have picked up, from Liburnian or its Vulgar Latin successor dialect, when reaching the Adriatic coast.

Scolymus hispanicus
Scolymus hispanicus#Translingual

common golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus)


κίρσιον

κῐ́ρσῐον • (kĭ́rsĭon) n (genitive κῐρσῐ́ου); second declension

κῐ́ρσῐον (canonical)
kĭ́rsĭon (romanization)
κῐρσῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κῐ́ρσῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐρσῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́ρσῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐρσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐρσῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐρσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐρσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐρσῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐρσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κῐ́ρσῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐρσῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῐ́ρσῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κῐ́ρσῐον (singular vocative)
κῐρσῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κῐ́ρσῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cirsion

→ Translingual: Cirsium

From κιρσός (kirsós, “varicose vein”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


κίσθος

grc-noun

κίσθος • (kísthos) m (genitive κίσθου); second declension

kísthos (romanization)
κίσθου (genitive)
ὁ κῐ́σθος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́σθω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῐ́σθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῐ́σθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́σθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐ́σθων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῐ́σθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́σθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῐ́σθοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῐ́σθον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́σθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῐ́σθους (accusative plural)
κῐ́σθε (singular vocative)
κῐ́σθω (dual vocative)
κῐ́σθοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Arabic: قِسْتُوس (qistūs), قَلْسُوس (qalsūs), قَسُّوس (qassūs)

→ Latin: cisthos

Translingual: Cistus


κόμαρος

grc-noun

κόμᾰρος • (kómăros) m (genitive κομάρου); second declension

κόμᾰρος (canonical)
kómăros (romanization)
κομάρου (genitive)
ὁ κόμᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κομᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόμᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κομᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κομᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κομᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κομᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κομᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κόμᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κομᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κομᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κόμᾰρε (singular vocative)
κομᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κόμᾰροι (plural vocative)

desc

Koine Greek: κόμαρον n (kómaron, “strawberry tree fruit”)

Greek: κούμαρο n (koúmaro, “strawberry tree fruit”), κόμαρο (kómaro)

desctree

⇒ Greek: κουμαριά f (koumariá, “strawberry tree”), κουραμιά (kouramiá)
→ Bulgarian: кумарка f (kumarka, “strawberry tree”)
→ Turkish: kumara (“strawberry tree”) (Izmir)

Pontic Greek: κομάρι (komári)

desc

→ Sicilian: cacumbaru m (“strawberry tree”)

Strömberg derives it from κόμη (kómē, “crown of a tree”) but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

Arbutus unedo
Arbutus unedo#Translingual

κόμαρον

a purple dye obtained from strawberry tree


κνῆκος

grc-noun

κνῆκος • (knêkos) f (genitive κνῆκου); second declension

knêkos (romanization)
κνῆκου (genitive)
ἡ κνῆκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κνήκω (dual nominative)
αἱ κνῆκοι (nominative plural)
τῆς κνήκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κνήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κνήκων (genitive plural)
τῇ κνήκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κνήκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κνήκοις (dative plural)
τὴν κνῆκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κνήκω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κνήκους (accusative plural)
κνῆκε (singular vocative)
κνήκω (dual vocative)
κνῆκοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cnēcos

From Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀙𐀒 (ka-na-ko), and more distantly English honey, Albanian qengjë (“beehive”) and Latin canicae (“bran”).

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius#Translingual


κρῆθμον

κρῆθμον • (krêthmon) n (genitive κρήθμου); second declension

krêthmon (romanization)
κρήθμου (genitive)
τὸ κρῆθμον (nominative singular)
τὼ κρήθμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κρῆθμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κρήθμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρήθμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρήθμων (genitive plural)
τῷ κρήθμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρήθμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κρήθμοις (dative plural)
τὸ κρῆθμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κρήθμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κρῆθμᾰ (accusative plural)
κρῆθμον (singular vocative)
κρήθμω (dual vocative)
κρῆθμᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: crēthmos

unk

Unknown


δαῦκος

grc-noun

δαῦκος • (daûkos) m (genitive δαύκου); second declension

daûkos (romanization)
δαύκου (genitive)
ὁ δαῦκος (nominative singular)
τὼ δαύκω (dual nominative)
οἱ δαῦκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δαύκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δαύκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δαύκων (genitive plural)
τῷ δαύκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δαύκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δαύκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δαῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ δαύκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δαύκους (accusative plural)
δαῦκε (singular vocative)
δαύκω (dual vocative)
δαῦκοι (plural vocative)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: δαυκίον (daukíon)

Pontic Greek: δαυκίν (dafkín)

→ Arabic: دُوقُو (dūqū)

→ Medieval Latin: ducu

→ Latin: daucum

Has been connected with δαίω (daíō, “to kindle, burn”), because of the burning taste of the root, and with δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”)

The name of several umbelliferous plants


δίκταμνον

δῐ́κτᾰμνον • (dĭ́ktămnon) n (genitive δῐκτᾰ́μνου); second declension

δῐ́κτᾰμνον (canonical)
dĭ́ktămnon (romanization)
δῐκτᾰ́μνου (genitive)
τὸ δῐ́κτᾰμνον (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐκτᾰ́μνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δῐκτᾰ́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐκτᾰ́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐκτᾰ́μνων (genitive plural)
τῷ δῐκτᾰ́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐκτᾰ́μνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δῐκτᾰ́μνοις (dative plural)
τὸ δῐ́κτᾰμνον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐκτᾰ́μνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (accusative plural)
δῐ́κτᾰμνον (singular vocative)
δῐκτᾰ́μνω (dual vocative)
δῐ́κτᾰμνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: δίκταμο (díktamo)

desctree

→ Latin: dictamnum, dictamnus
Catalan: gitam
Old French: ditan
→ English: dittany
Italian: dittamo
Translingual: Dictamnus

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, or from Δίκτη (Díktē) (the name of a mountain of Crete).


σίαλος

grc-noun

σίᾰλος • (síălos) m (genitive σῐάλου); second declension

σίᾰλος (canonical)
síălos (romanization)
σῐάλου (genitive)
ὁ σῐ́ᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ σῐ́ᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν σῐ́ᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σῐᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
σῐ́ᾰλε (singular vocative)
σῐᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ᾰλοι (plural vocative)

The word has been connected with Ancient Greek σίαλον (síalon, “spittle, slobber”), Old English þwīnan (“to become weak”) and Proto-Slavic *tyti (“to become fat”) but all these proposals seem unconvincing. Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


δόναξ

grc-noun

δόνᾰξ • (dónăx) m (genitive δόνᾰκος); third declension

δόνᾰξ (canonical)
dónăx (romanization)
δόνᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ δόνᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ δόνᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ δόνᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δόνᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δονᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δονᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ δόνᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δονᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δόνᾰξῐ (dative plural)
δόνᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs dónăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs dónăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δόνᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δόνᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δόνᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
δόνᾰξ (singular vocative)
δόνᾰκε (dual vocative)
δόνᾰκες (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: donax
English: donax
Translingual: Donax

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin. The word has also been compared with Ancient Greek δονέω (donéō, “to shake”), Latvian duonis (“reed”) and Proto-Germanic *tainaz (“rod, twig”).

A kind of reed, the donax (Arundo donax)

Anything made of reed
A shaft of an arrow

Anything made of reed
The bridge of the lyre


φάσγανον

grc-noun

φᾰ́σγᾰνον • (phắsgănon) n (genitive φᾰσγᾰ́νου); second declension

φᾰ́σγᾰνον (canonical)
phắsgănon (romanization)
φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰσγᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰσγᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰσγᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰσγᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰσγᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ φᾰ́σγᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰσγᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
φᾰ́σγᾰνον (singular vocative)
φᾰσγᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́σγᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Phasganon

According to Beekes of Pre-Greek origin. Has been connected with Ancient Greek σφάζω (spházō, “to slay, to kill”) but this connection seems unconvincing.


δίψακος

grc-noun

δίψακος • (dípsakos) m (genitive δίψακου); second declension

dípsakos (romanization)
δίψακου (genitive)
ὁ δίψακος (nominative singular)
οἱ δίψακοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ διψάκου (genitive singular)
τῶν διψάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ διψάκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς διψάκοις (dative plural)
τὸν δίψακον (accusative singular)
τοὺς διψάκους (accusative plural)
δίψακε (singular vocative)
δίψακοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: dipsacos

→ Italian: dipsaco

Translingual: Dipsacus

From δίψᾰ (dípsă, “thirst”) + -ᾰκος (-ăkos).


σπάρτον

σπᾰ́ρτον • (spắrton) n (genitive σπᾰ́ρτου); second declension

σπᾰ́ρτον (canonical)
spắrton (romanization)
σπᾰ́ρτου (genitive)
τὸ σπᾰ́ρτον (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σπᾰ́ρτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπᾰ́ρτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ρτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾰ́ρτων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπᾰ́ρτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ρτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπᾰ́ρτοις (dative plural)
τὸ σπᾰ́ρτον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σπᾰ́ρτᾰ (accusative plural)
σπᾰ́ρτον (singular vocative)
σπᾰ́ρτω (dual vocative)
σπᾰ́ρτᾰ (plural vocative)
τὸ σπἆρτον (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾱ̓́ρτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σπἆρτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπᾱ̓́ρτω (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾱ̓́ρτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾱ̓́ρτων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπᾱ̓́ρτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾱ̓́ρτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπᾱ̓́ρτοις (dative plural)
τὸ σπἆρτον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾱ̓́ρτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σπᾱ̓́ρτως (accusative plural)
σπἆρτον (singular vocative)
σπᾱ̓́ρτω (dual vocative)
σπἆρτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: spartum

Spanish: esparto

→ English: esparto

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *spr̥-to, from *sper- (“to twist, turn”) and thus related to σπεῖρα (speîra, “coil, twist”); see there for more cognates.


γήθυον

γήθῠον • (gḗthŭon) n (genitive γηθύου); second declension

γήθῠον (canonical)
gḗthŭon (romanization)
γηθύου (genitive)
τὸ γήθῠον (nominative singular)
τὼ γηθῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γήθῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γηθῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γηθῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γηθῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ γηθῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γηθῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γηθῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ γήθῠον (accusative singular)
τὼ γηθῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γήθῠᾰ (accusative plural)
γήθῠον (singular vocative)
γηθῠ́ω (dual vocative)
γήθῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: gēthyum

Due to the variations, probably from Pre-Greek.


λύγος

λύγος • (lúgos) f (genitive λύγου); second declension

lúgos (romanization)
λύγου (genitive)
ἡ λῠ́γος (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠ́γω (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠ́γοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠ́γου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠ́γῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠ́γοις (dative plural)
τὴν λῠ́γον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠ́γω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠ́γους (accusative plural)
λῠ́γε (singular vocative)
λῠ́γω (dual vocative)
λῠ́γοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lygos

From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend, twist”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *luką (“lock”), Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇá, “bent, broken”), Latin luctor (“I wrestle”) and Latin luxus (“dislocated”).

der

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual


σκίγγος

grc-noun

σκίγγος • (skíngos) m (genitive σκίγγου); second declension

skíngos (romanization)
σκίγγου (genitive)
ὁ σκῐ́γγος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́γγω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκῐ́γγοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκῐ́γγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκῐ́γγῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκῐ́γγοις (dative plural)
τὸν σκῐ́γγον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́γγω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκῐ́γγους (accusative plural)
σκῐ́γγε (singular vocative)
σκῐ́γγω (dual vocative)
σκῐ́γγοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scincos, scincus (see there for further descendants)

The variation points to Semitic origin, since there a nasal followed by a stop is often replaced with a geminate stop; the word is there attested in Classical Syriac ܣܩܝܢܩܘܪ (sqinqūr, “skink”) with variants and Akkadian 𒆲𒁯 (KUN.DAR /šakkadirru, šakkatirru/, “skink”, literally “mongoose of the forest”), originally applied to another relatable creature, but again listed separately as a type of lizard as well.


σμῖλαξ

grc-noun

σμῖλαξ • (smîlax) f (genitive σμίλακος); third declension

smîlax (romanization)
σμίλακος (genitive)
ἡ σμῖλᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῑ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ σμῑ́λᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς σμῑ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῑλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῑλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμῑ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῑλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμῑ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
σμῑ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs smī́lăxĭ (dative plural)
taîs smī́lăxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σμῑ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῑ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμῑ́λᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
σμῖλᾰξ (singular vocative)
σμῑ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
σμῑ́λᾰκες (plural vocative)

Latin: smīlax

Translingual: Smilax

According to Beekes, the variants prove Pre-Greek origin for this word.

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual


μίνθη

μίνθη • (mínthē) f (genitive μίνθης); first declension

mínthē (romanization)
μίνθης (genitive)
ἡ μίνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μίνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μίνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μινθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μίνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μίνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μίνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μίνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μίνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μίνθᾱς (accusative plural)
μίνθη (singular vocative)
μίνθᾱ (dual vocative)
μίνθαι (plural vocative)

q

perhaps via unattested <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">*μένθα</i> (*méntha)

→? Latin: menta, mentha, mintha (perhaps via unattested *μένθα (*méntha)) (see there for further descendants)

→ Laz: მინთა (minta)

→ Mingrelian: *მინთა (*minta) (see there for further descendants)

A foreign substrate word, like Latin menta (“mint”). It is undoubtedly Pre-Greek, because of the variant ending in ”-ᾰ” and the -νθ- cluster, see ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). See Armenian մանդակ (mandak) for more. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀖𐀲 (mi-ta).


πρῖνος

grc-noun

πρῖνος • (prînos) f (genitive πρῑ́νου); second declension

prînos (romanization)
πρῑ́νου (genitive)
ἡ πρῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ πρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
αἱ πρῖνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς πρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῇ πρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὴν πρῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρῑ́νους (accusative plural)
πρῖνε (singular vocative)
πρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
πρῖνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: prīnus

According to Beekes, from a substrate root common to Proto-Slavic *brinъ (“larch”).

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera#Translingual


ἐλλός

ἐλλός • (ellós) m (genitive ἐλλοῦ); second declension

ellós (romanization)
ἐλλοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐλλός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλλώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐλλοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλλοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλλοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλλῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλλοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλλοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐλλόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλλώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλλούς (accusative plural)
ἐλλέ (singular vocative)
ἐλλώ (dual vocative)
ἐλλοί (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁el-nó-s, from *h₁el- (“deer”). Compare ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”), Lithuanian elnias (“deer, stag, hart”), Russian оле́нь (olénʹ, “deer”), Russian лось (losʹ, “elk”), Old Armenian եղն (ełn, “hind”).


αἶρα

αἶρᾰ • (aîră) f (genitive αἴρας); first declension

αἶρᾰ (canonical)
aîră (romanization)
αἴρας (genitive)
ἡ αἶρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἴρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἴρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἴραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἴρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἴραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἴραις (dative plural)
τὴν αἶρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἴρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἴρᾱς (accusative plural)
αἶρᾰ (singular vocative)
αἴρᾱ (dual vocative)
αἶραι (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to Sanskrit एरका (erakā, “a kind of grass”).

cog

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.5.2

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 412

5th century BC, Pherecrates, 188

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Sleep 456b.30

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, 6 100

Lolium temulentum
Lolium temulentum#Translingual


πέρκος

grc-noun

πέρκος • (pérkos) m (genitive πέρκου); second declension

pérkos (romanization)
πέρκου (genitive)
ὁ πέρκος (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρκω (dual nominative)
οἱ πέρκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πέρκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέρκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πέρκων (genitive plural)
τῷ πέρκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέρκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πέρκοις (dative plural)
τὸν πέρκον (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πέρκους (accusative plural)
πέρκε (singular vocative)
πέρκω (dual vocative)
πέρκοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“motley, coloured”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *farwō (“colour”) and Ancient Greek περκνός (perknós, “dusky”).


ἀκοστή

grc-noun

ἀκοστή • (akostḗ) f (genitive ἀκοστῆς); first declension

akostḗ (romanization)
ἀκοστῆς (genitive)
ἡ ἀκοστή (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκοστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀκοσταί (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκοστῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκοσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκοστῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκοστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκοσταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκοσταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ἀκοστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκοστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκοστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἀκοστή (singular vocative)
ἀκοστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἀκοσταί (plural vocative)

Unknown, maybe substrate. Compare perhaps Proto-Slavic *(j)ęčьmy (“barley”). Beekes rejects a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”) (cf. in particular Latin acus (“bran, awn”), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ahana, “awn, chaff”), Proto-West Germanic *agil (“awn”)), suggesting instead a foreign origin.
See also ἄχυρον (ákhuron, “chaff, bran; debris, slag”), traditionally linked to the above but now understood to be Pre-Greek.

noncog

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 106


νεβρός

grc-noun

νεβρός • (nebrós) m (genitive νεβροῦ); second declension

nebrós (romanization)
νεβροῦ (genitive)
ὁ νεβρός (nominative singular)
τὼ νεβρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ νεβροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ νεβροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν νεβροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νεβρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νεβρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν νεβροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νεβροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν νεβρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ νεβρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νεβρούς (accusative plural)
νεβρέ (singular vocative)
νεβρώ (dual vocative)
νεβροί (plural vocative)

Some have tried a connection with Old Armenian ներկ (nerk, “color”), deriving both from a Proto-Indo-European root *(s)negʷro-, because often the deer and the hind are called after their variegated color (compare πρόξ (próx, “roe deer”) and περκνός (perknós, “dusky”)). Others derive it from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”).


πρόξ

πρόξ • (próx) f (genitive προκός); third declension

próx (romanization)
προκός (genitive)
ἡ πρόξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πρόκε (dual nominative)
αἱ πρόκες (nominative plural)
τῆς προκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν προκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν προκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ προκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν προκοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς προξῐ́ (dative plural)
προξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs proxĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν πρόκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πρόκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πρόκᾰς (accusative plural)
πρόξ (singular vocative)
πρόκε (dual vocative)
πρόκες (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“motley, coloured”). Cognate with Ancient Greek περκνός (perknós, “dusky”) and Proto-Germanic *farwō (“colour”).


ὄλυρα

ὄλῡρᾰ • (ólūră) f (genitive ὀλῡ́ρης); first declension

ὄλῡρᾰ (canonical)
ólūră (romanization)
ὀλῡ́ρης (genitive)
ἡ ὄλῡρᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄλῡραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀλῡ́ρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀλῡ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀλῡρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀλῡ́ρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀλῡ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀλῡ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄλῡρᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀλῡ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄλῡρᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀλῡ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄλῡραι (plural vocative)

Latin: olȳra

Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, compare likely cognate Old Armenian ոլոռն (oloṙn); for more see Arabic خُلَّر (ḵullar).


λάθυρος

λᾱ́θῠρος • (lā́thŭros) m (genitive λᾱθῠ́ρου); second declension

λᾱ́θῠρος (canonical)
lā́thŭros (romanization)
λᾱθῠ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ λᾱ́θῠρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾱθῠ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾱ́θῠροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾱθῠ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾱθῠ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾱθῠ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾱθῠ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾱθῠ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾱθῠ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾱ́θῠρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾱθῠ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾱθῠ́ρους (accusative plural)
λᾱ́θῠρε (singular vocative)
λᾱθῠ́ρω (dual vocative)
λᾱ́θῠροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lāthyros

→ Translingual: Lathyrus

No etymology. Traditionally compared to similar words for "lentil", like Latin lens, Old Church Slavonic лѧща (lęšta) and German Linse. According to Beekes, the structure (suffix -υρ-) could point to a Pre-Greek origin.

unk

No etymology

Lathyrus sativus
Lathyrus sativus#Translingual


μελίνη

grc-noun

μελίνη • (melínē) f (genitive μελίνης); first declension

melínē (romanization)
μελίνης (genitive)
ἡ μελίνη (nominative singular)
τὼ μελίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μελίναι (nominative plural)
τῆς μελίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μελίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μελίναις (dative plural)
τὴν μελίνην (accusative singular)
τὼ μελίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μελίνᾱς (accusative plural)
μελίνη (singular vocative)
μελίνᾱ (dual vocative)
μελίναι (plural vocative)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), tha same source of Latin milium (“millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”).

der

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


πετροσέλινον

grc-noun

πετροσέλῑνον

πετροσελίνου

πετροσέλῑνον • (petrosélīnon) n (genitive πετροσελίνου); second declension

πετροσέλῑνον (canonical)
petrosélīnon (romanization)
πετροσελίνου (genitive)
τὸ πετροσέλῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ πετροσελῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πετροσέλῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πετροσελῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πετροσελῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πετροσελῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ πετροσελῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πετροσελῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πετροσελῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ πετροσέλῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ πετροσελῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πετροσέλῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
πετροσέλῑνον (singular vocative)
πετροσελῑ́νω (dual vocative)
πετροσέλῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

πετροσέλῑνον

πετροσελίνου

Latin: petroselīnum (see there for further descendants)

From πέτρος (pétros, “rock”) + σέλινον (sélinon, “celery”). So called because of being used to treat calculi.


τρυγών

grc-noun

τρῡγών • (trūgṓn) f (genitive τρυγόνος); third declension

τρῡγών (canonical)
trūgṓn (romanization)
τρυγόνος (genitive)
ἡ τρῡγών (nominative singular)
τὼ τρῡγόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ τρῡγόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς τρῡγόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρῡγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρῡγόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ τρῡγόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρῡγόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρῡγόσῐ (dative plural)
τρῡγόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs trūgósĭ (dative plural)
taîs trūgósĭn (dative plural)
τὴν τρῡγόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τρῡγόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρῡγόνᾰς (accusative plural)
τρῡγών (singular vocative)
τρῡγόνε (dual vocative)
τρῡγόνες (plural vocative)

desc

→ Latin: trȳgōn f (“turtle dove”), trȳgōn m (“stingray”)

Italian: trigone

Translingual: Trygon (“Trygon”)

Greek: τρυγόνι (trygóni) (from τρῡγόνιον (trūgónion), the diminutive of τρυγών (trugṓn))


βόλινθος

grc-noun

βόλινθος • (bólinthos) m (genitive βολίνθου); second declension

bólinthos (romanization)
βολίνθου (genitive)
ὁ βόλινθος (nominative singular)
τὼ βολίνθω (dual nominative)
οἱ βόλινθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βολίνθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βολίνθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βολίνθων (genitive plural)
τῷ βολίνθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βολίνθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βολίνθοις (dative plural)
τὸν βόλινθον (accusative singular)
τὼ βολίνθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βολίνθους (accusative plural)
βόλινθε (singular vocative)
βολίνθω (dual vocative)
βόλινθοι (plural vocative)


οἶσος

οἶσος • (oîsos) m (genitive οἴσου); second declension

oîsos (romanization)
οἴσου (genitive)
ὁ οἶσος (nominative singular)
τὼ οἴσω (dual nominative)
οἱ οἶσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ οἴσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἴσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἴσων (genitive plural)
τῷ οἴσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἴσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς οἴσοις (dative plural)
τὸν οἶσον (accusative singular)
τὼ οἴσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς οἴσους (accusative plural)
οἶσε (singular vocative)
οἴσω (dual vocative)
οἶσοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to twine”). Compare Ancient Greek ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”), Latin vītis (“vine”) and Proto-Germanic *wiþiz (“withe”).


κραγγών

grc-noun

κραγγών • (krangṓn) m (genitive κραγγῶνος); third declension

krangṓn (romanization)
κραγγῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κραγγών (nominative singular)
τὼ κραγγῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κραγγῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κραγγῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κραγγώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κραγγώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κραγγῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κραγγώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κραγγῶσῐ (dative plural)
κραγγῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs krangôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs krangôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κραγγῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κραγγῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κραγγῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κραγγών (singular vocative)
κραγγῶνε (dual vocative)
κραγγῶνες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin and not related to Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”)).

A kind of shrimp, mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis)


κέγχρος

κέγχρος • (kénkhros) m (genitive κέγχρου); second declension

kénkhros (romanization)
κέγχρου (genitive)
ὁ κέγχρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέγχρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κέγχροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κέγχρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέγχροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέγχρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κέγχρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέγχροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κέγχροις (dative plural)
τὸν κέγχρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέγχρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κέγχρους (accusative plural)
κέγχρε (singular vocative)
κέγχρω (dual vocative)
κέγχροι (plural vocative)

Greek: κεχρί (kechrí)

→ Translingual: Cenchrus

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰénkʰros, mostly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-gʰ-r-o- (“pulverized”), reduplicated from the root *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”) with dissimilation r…r > n…r, and further connected with Ancient Greek χερμάς (khermás), χεράς (kherás, “pebble, gravel”), but the etymology remains unclear. Per Beekes, this and similar words may be of Pre-Greek origin.

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

anything in small grains
speck, sty in the eye


βρίζα

βρίζᾰ • (bríză) f (genitive βρίζης); first declension

βρίζᾰ (canonical)
bríză (romanization)
βρίζης (genitive)
ἡ βρῐ́ζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῐ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βρῐ́ζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς βρῐ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῐ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῐζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βρῐ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῐ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βρῐ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν βρῐ́ζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῐ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βρῐ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
βρῐ́ζᾰ (singular vocative)
βρῐ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
βρῐ́ζαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Briza

From Thracian *briza (“spelt, rye”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *breǵʰ-, related to Norwegian brok (“kind of grass”), or related to Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi, “grain, rice”), ὄρυζα (óruza, “rice”), but this is less likely.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale#Translingual

rye (Secale cereale) in Thrace and Macedonia

bg:Иван Дуриданов


κώνωψ

κώνωψ • (kṓnōps) m (genitive κώνωπος); third declension

kṓnōps (romanization)
κώνωπος (genitive)
ὁ κώνωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κώνωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κώνωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κώνωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωνώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωνώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κώνωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωνώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κώνωψῐ (dative plural)
κώνωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs kṓnōpsĭ (dative plural)
toîs kṓnōpsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κώνωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κώνωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κώνωπᾰς (accusative plural)
κώνωψ (singular vocative)
κώνωπε (dual vocative)
κώνωπες (plural vocative)

Beekes dismisses a derivation from κῶνος (kônos, “cone”) and ὤψ (ṓps, “face”) and prefers to derive it from Pre-Greek. Compare, however, Egyptian ḫnws, ḫnms (“a kind of stinging insect”), which has also been suggested as a source.


λύγδη

head

λύγδη • (lúgdē)

lúgdē (romanization)
ἡ λύγδη (nominative singular)
αἱ λύγδαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λύγδης (genitive singular)
τῶν λυγδῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λύγδῃ (dative singular)
ταῖς λύγδαις (dative plural)
τὴν λύγδην (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς λύγδᾱς (accusative plural)
λύγδη (singular vocative)
λύγδαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the cluster -γδ.

λύγδη· τὸ δένδρον, ἡ λεύκη.

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Λ:


νάρθηξ

grc-noun

νᾰ́ρθηξ • (nắrthēx) m (genitive νᾰ́ρθηκος); third declension

νᾰ́ρθηξ (canonical)
nắrthēx (romanization)
νᾰ́ρθηκος (genitive)
ὁ νᾰ́ρθηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρθηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ νᾰ́ρθηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ νᾰ́ρθηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νᾰρθήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νᾰρθήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ νᾰ́ρθηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νᾰρθήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νᾰ́ρθηξῐ (dative plural)
νᾰ́ρθηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs nắrthēxĭ (dative plural)
toîs nắrthēxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν νᾰ́ρθηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νᾰ́ρθηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς νᾰ́ρθηκᾰς (accusative plural)
νᾰ́ρθηξ (singular vocative)
νᾰ́ρθηκε (dual vocative)
νᾰ́ρθηκες (plural vocative)

Greek: νάρθηκας (nárthikas)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Literary Aramaic: נַרְתֵּקָא (nartēqā), נַרְתֵּיקָא (nartēqā)

Classical Syriac: ܢܰܪܬܺܝܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܪܬܺܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܐܪܬܺܝܟܣ (nartiks), ܢܰܐܪܬܺܝܟܘܣ (nartikos)

→ Late Babylonian: 𒈾𒀾𒌇 (na-áš-tuq /naštūq/, “money pouch of leather”)

→ English: narthex

→ Hebrew: נַרְתִּיק (nartīq), נַרְתֵּיק (nartēq), נַרְתֵּק (nartēq)

→ Italian: nartece

→ Translingual: Narthex

According to Beekes, the presence of a variant and the ending in -ξ (-x) indicate a Pre-Greek origin.

Ferula communis
Ferula communis#Translingual


κερκίς

grc-noun

κερκῐ́ς • (kerkĭ́s) f (genitive κερκῐ́δος); third declension

κερκῐ́ς (canonical)
kerkĭ́s (romanization)
κερκῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ κερκῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κερκῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ κερκῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς κερκῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερκῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερκῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ κερκῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερκῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κερκῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
κερκῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs kerkĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs kerkĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κερκῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κερκῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κερκῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
κερκῐ́ς (singular vocative)
κερκῐ́δε (dual vocative)
κερκῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Cercis

Unclear; possibly either from Pre-Greek or a diminutive form of κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”).


ὤκιμον

ὤκῐμον • (ṓkĭmon) n (genitive ὠκῐ́μου); second declension

ὤκῐμον (canonical)
ṓkĭmon (romanization)
ὠκῐ́μου (genitive)
τὸ ὤκῐμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὠκῐ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὤκῐμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠκῐ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὠκῐ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὠκῐ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠκῐ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὠκῐ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠκῐ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὤκῐμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὠκῐ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὤκῐμᾰ (accusative plural)
ὤκῐμον (singular vocative)
ὠκῐ́μω (dual vocative)
ὤκῐμᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ōcimus

→ Translingual: Ocimum

Natively connected with ἀκή (akḗ) and ἄκαινα (ákaina) from a root related to sharpness, but this does not explain the initial ὤ-. According to Beekes, the presence of similar words ἄκινος (ákinos, “wild basil”) and ὤκινον (ṓkinon, “clover”) shows Pre-Greek origin. Löw and Nöldeke explain with a borrowing from Aramaic, retained in Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”).

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


στρύχνον

στρύχνον • (strúkhnon) n (genitive στρύχνου); second declension

strúkhnon (romanization)
στρύχνου (genitive)
τὸ στρῠ́χνον (nominative singular)
τὼ στρῠ́χνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ στρῠ́χνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ στρῠ́χνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρῠ́χνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρῠ́χνων (genitive plural)
τῷ στρῠ́χνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρῠ́χνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στρῠ́χνοις (dative plural)
τὸ στρῠ́χνον (accusative singular)
τὼ στρῠ́χνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ στρῠ́χνᾰ (accusative plural)
στρῠ́χνον (singular vocative)
στρῠ́χνω (dual vocative)
στρῠ́χνᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: στρύχνος (strýchnos)

→ Latin: strychnos

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual

winter cherry (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi)

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

name of various nightshades:
black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual

name of various nightshades:
thorn apple (Datura stramonium)

Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera#Translingual

name of various nightshades:
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)


ἄσαρον

ᾰ̓́σᾰρον • (ắsăron) n (genitive ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρου); second declension

ᾰ̓́σᾰρον (canonical)
ắsăron (romanization)
ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓σᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓σᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́σᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́σᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́σᾰρον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓σᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́σᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Arabic: أَسَارُون (ʔasārūn)

→ Arabic: أَسَارُون (ʔasārūn)

→ Latin: asarum

→ Persian: اسارون (asârun)

Unknown. Clearly related to some names of coltsfoot given by 1st century interpolations to Dioskurides, ἀσᾶ (asâ) with the Thracians of Βῆσσα, σααρθρά (saarthrá) with the Egyptians. Hazelwort and coltsfoot sharing a name by superficial similarity is well-known, both being meanings of Proto-Slavic *kopytъnikъ, and from coltsfoot one even went to dock with Proto-Kartvelian *ṭerep-.

Asarum europaeum
Asarum europaeum#Translingual


βρόμος

grc-noun

βρόμος • (brómos) m (genitive βρόμου); second declension

brómos (romanization)
βρόμου (genitive)
ὁ βρόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρόμους (accusative plural)
βρόμε (singular vocative)
βρόμω (dual vocative)
βρόμοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Bromus

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, based on the alternating ρο/ορ vocalism.


σίσαρον

σίσᾰρον • (sísăron) n (genitive σῐσάρου); second declension

σίσᾰρον (canonical)
sísăron (romanization)
σῐσάρου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́σᾰρον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐσᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐσᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐσᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐσᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐσᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐσᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐσᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́σᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐσᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́σᾰρον (singular vocative)
σῐσᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σῐ́σᾰρᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: siser

According to Beekes, the etymology is still unclear. The word recalls ἄσαρον (ásaron, “hazelwort”) and ἡδύσαρον (hēdúsaron, “axe-weed”).

unk

unclear

Pastinaca sativa
Pastinaca sativa#Translingual


φήνη

grc-noun

φήνη • (phḗnē) f (genitive φήνης); first declension

phḗnē (romanization)
φήνης (genitive)
ἡ φήνη (nominative singular)
τὼ φήνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φῆναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φήνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φήναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φηνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φήνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φήναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φήναις (dative plural)
τὴν φήνην (accusative singular)
τὼ φήνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φήνᾱς (accusative plural)
φήνη (singular vocative)
φήνᾱ (dual vocative)
φῆναι (plural vocative)

The presence of an alternative form leads to a Pre-Greek origin.

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

lammergeier, ossifrage (Gypaetus barbatus)


φρύνη

φρῡ́νη • (phrū́nē) f (genitive φρῡ́νης); first declension

φρῡ́νη (canonical)
phrū́nē (romanization)
φρῡ́νης (genitive)
ἡ φρῡ́νη (nominative singular)
τὼ φρῡ́νᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φρῦναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φρῡ́νης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φρῡ́ναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φρῡνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φρῡ́νῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φρῡ́ναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φρῡ́ναις (dative plural)
τὴν φρῡ́νην (accusative singular)
τὼ φρῡ́νᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φρῡ́νᾱς (accusative plural)
φρῡ́νη (singular vocative)
φρῡ́νᾱ (dual vocative)
φρῦναι (plural vocative)

Greek: φρύνος (frýnos)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”), based on the brown color of many toad species, and compared with Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”). With reduplication, compare Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhru, “mongoose”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (baβra, “beaver”), Latin fiber (“beaver”) and Lithuanian bẽbras (“beaver”), all from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus. However, the variation between φρυν- and φρουν- rather points to a Pre-Greek word, according to Beekes.


σέσελις

grc-noun

σέσελῐς • (séselĭs) f (genitive σεσέλεως); third declension

σέσελῐς (canonical)
séselĭs (romanization)
σεσέλεως (genitive)
ἡ σέσελῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σεσέλει (dual nominative)
αἱ σεσέλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς σεσέλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν σεσελέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σεσέλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ σεσέλει (dative singular)
τοῖν σεσελέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σεσέλεσῐ (dative plural)
σεσέλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sesélesĭ (dative plural)
taîs sesélesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σέσελῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ σεσέλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σεσέλεις (accusative plural)
σέσελῐ (singular vocative)
σεσέλει (dual vocative)
σεσέλεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: seselis

According to Pedanius Dioscorides, from Egyptian


ἀβραμίς

ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς • (abrămĭ́s) f (genitive ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος); third declension

ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (canonical)
abrămĭ́s (romanization)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀβρᾰμῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀβρᾰμῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs abrămĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs abrămĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἀβρᾰμῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀβρᾰμῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἀβρᾰμῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ New Latin: Abramis (learned)

According to Beekes, either Pre-Greek or a loan from Egyptian r-m-K1 (rm, “tilapia”).


αἰγωλιός

αἰγωλῐός • (aigōlĭós) m (genitive αἰγωλῐοῦ); second declension

αἰγωλῐός (canonical)
aigōlĭós (romanization)
αἰγωλῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ αἰγωλῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγωλῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ αἰγωλῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ αἰγωλῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγωλῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγωλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ αἰγωλῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγωλῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς αἰγωλῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν αἰγωλῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγωλῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς αἰγωλῐούς (accusative plural)
αἰγωλῐέ (singular vocative)
αἰγωλῐώ (dual vocative)
αἰγωλῐοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: aegolios

→ Translingual: Aegolius

unk

unknown


σισύμβριον

grc-noun

σῐσύμβρῐον • (sĭsúmbrĭon) n (genitive σῐσυμβρίου); second declension

σῐσύμβρῐον (canonical)
sĭsúmbrĭon (romanization)
σῐσυμβρίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐσύμβρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐσυμβρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐσυμβρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐσυμβρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐσυμβρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐσυμβρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐσυμβρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐσύμβρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐσύμβρῐον (singular vocative)
σῐσυμβρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐσύμβρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sisymbrium

desc

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (sysymbl), [script needed] (sysynbl /sīsīmbar/)

Persian: سوسنبر (susanbar)

→ Translingual: Sisymbrium

Nasturtium officinale
Nasturtium officinale#Translingual


τόρδυλον

grc-noun

τόρδῡλον • (tórdūlon) n (genitive τορδῡ́λου); second declension

τόρδῡλον (canonical)
tórdūlon (romanization)
τορδῡ́λου (genitive)
τὸ τόρδῡλον (nominative singular)
τὼ τορδῡ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ τόρδῡλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ τορδῡ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τορδῡ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τορδῡ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ τορδῡ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τορδῡ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τορδῡ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ τόρδῡλον (accusative singular)
τὼ τορδῡ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ τόρδῡλᾰ (accusative plural)
τόρδῡλον (singular vocative)
τορδῡ́λω (dual vocative)
τόρδῡλᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: tordȳlion

unk

unknown


ῥυντάκης

grc-noun

ῥυντάκης • (rhuntákēs) m (genitive ῥυντάκου); first declension

rhuntákēs (romanization)
ῥυντάκου (genitive)
ὁ ῥυντάκης (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥυντάκᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῥυντάκαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῥυντάκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥυντάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥυντακῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῥυντάκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥυντάκαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῥυντάκαις (dative plural)
τὸν ῥυντάκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥυντάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῥυντάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ῥυντάκη (singular vocative)
ῥυντάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ῥυντάκαι (plural vocative)


ζωπύρα

ζωπύρᾱ • (zōpúrā) f (genitive ζωπύρᾱς); first declension

ζωπύρᾱ (canonical)
zōpúrā (romanization)
ζωπύρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ζωπύρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζωπύρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζωπύραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ζωπύρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζωπύραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζωπυρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζωπύρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζωπύραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζωπύραις (dative plural)
τὴν ζωπύρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζωπύρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζωπύρᾱς (accusative plural)
ζωπύρᾱ (singular vocative)
ζωπύρᾱ (dual vocative)
ζωπύραι (plural vocative)


σηπία

σηπίᾱ • (sēpíā) f (genitive σηπίᾱς); first declension

σηπίᾱ (canonical)
sēpíā (romanization)
σηπίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σηπίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σηπίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σηπίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σηπίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σηπίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σηπιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σηπίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σηπίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σηπίαις (dative plural)
τὴν σηπίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σηπίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σηπίᾱς (accusative plural)
σηπίᾱ (singular vocative)
σηπίᾱ (dual vocative)
σηπίαι (plural vocative)

Greek: σουπιά (soupiá)

Latin: sepia

A connection with σήπω (sḗpō, “to rot”) is semantically possible but formally problematic. However, it may be more likely that the word is of Pre-Greek origin.


μύλλος

μύλλος • (múllos) m (genitive μύλλου); second declension

múllos (romanization)
μύλλου (genitive)
ὁ μῠ́λλος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λλω (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠ́λλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠ́λλον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́λλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠ́λλους (accusative plural)
μῠ́λλε (singular vocative)
μῠ́λλω (dual vocative)
μῠ́λλοι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: mullus
Catalan: moll
Old French: mulet
→ English: mullet
French: mulet
Translingual: Mullus
⇒ Italian: mullido

The etymology remains unknown, as the connection with μέλας (mélas, “dark in color”) is a pure hypothesis.

unk

unknown


οἰνάς

grc-noun

οἰνᾰ́ς • (oinắs) f (genitive οἰνᾰ́δος); third declension

οἰνᾰ́ς (canonical)
oinắs (romanization)
οἰνᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ οἰνᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰνᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ οἰνᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς οἰνᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰνᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰνᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ οἰνᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰνᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οἰνᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
οἰνᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs oinắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs oinắsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν οἰνᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰνᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οἰνᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
οἰνᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
οἰνᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
οἰνᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Oena

Columba livia
Columba livia#Translingual


κολοιός

κολοιός • (koloiós) m (genitive κολοιοῦ); second declension

koloiós (romanization)
κολοιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ κολοιός (nominative singular)
τὼ κολοιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κολοιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κολοιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κολοιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κολοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κολοιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κολοιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κολοιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κολοιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κολοιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κολοιούς (accusative plural)
κολοιέ (singular vocative)
κολοιώ (dual vocative)
κολοιοί (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Coloeus

Onomatopoeic origin cannot be further substantiated; neither does the word belong to καλέω (kaléō, “to call, summon”). It would be highly unsatisfactory to separate κολῳός (kolōiós, “brawling”) from this word, but an explanation of the notation with -ῳ- has not been found. Confront also κολουᾶν (kolouân, “to make noise”) and κολοίφρυξ (koloíphrux, “Tanagrian cock”). These variants may prove a Pre-Greek origin.

Coloeus monedula
Coloeus monedula#Translingual


κρέξ

κρέξ • (kréx) f (genitive κρεκός); third declension

kréx (romanization)
κρεκός (genitive)
ἡ κρέξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κρέκε (dual nominative)
αἱ κρέκες (nominative plural)
τῆς κρεκός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κρεκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κρεκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κρεκῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κρεκοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κρεξῐ́ (dative plural)
κρεξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs krexĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν κρέκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κρέκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κρέκᾰς (accusative plural)
κρέξ (singular vocative)
κρέκε (dual vocative)
κρέκες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Crex

According to Beekes, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root (of possible onomatopoeic origin) common to Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “a kind of partridge”), Russian кре́чет (kréčet, “gyrfalcon”), Old Prussian kerko (“diver, loon”), and Irish cearc (“hen”). The word has also been compared with κερκάς (kerkás, “crake”), κερκιθαλίς (kerkithalís, “stork”) and κέρκνος (kérknos, “hawk or cock”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cog

Philomachus pugnax
Philomachus pugnax#Translingual

long-legged bird, perhaps:
ruff (Philomachus pugnax)


χλούνης

grc-noun

χλούνης • (khloúnēs) m (genitive χλούνου); first declension

khloúnēs (romanization)
χλούνου (genitive)
ὁ χλούνης (nominative singular)
τὼ χλούνᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ χλοῦναι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χλούνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χλούναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χλουνῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ χλούνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν χλούναιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χλούναις (dative plural)
τὸν χλούνην (accusative singular)
τὼ χλούνᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς χλούνᾱς (accusative plural)
χλούνη (singular vocative)
χλούνᾱ (dual vocative)
χλοῦναι (plural vocative)

Unknown, but perhaps contracted form χλοεύνης, see also the definition below.

unk

Unknown

A wild boar described as τομίας (tomías, “castrated”), μονιός (moniós, “solitary”), ἀφριστής (aphristḗs, “foaming at the mouth”) and χλοεύνης (khloeúnēs, “couching in the grass”)


στόρθυγξ

grc-noun

στόρθῠγξ • (stórthŭnx) m or f (genitive στόρθῠγγος); third declension

στόρθῠγξ (canonical)
stórthŭnx (romanization)
στόρθῠγγος (genitive)
ὁ στόρθῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στόρθῠγγε (dual nominative)
οἱ στόρθῠγγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ στόρθῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στορθῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στορθῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῷ στόρθῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στορθῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στόρθῠγξῐ (dative plural)
στόρθῠγξῐν (dative plural)
toîs stórthŭnxĭ (dative plural)
toîs stórthŭnxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν στόρθῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στόρθῠγγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς στόρθῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
στόρθῠγξ (singular vocative)
στόρθῠγγε (dual vocative)
στόρθῠγγες (plural vocative)
ἡ στόρθῠγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στόρθῠγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ στόρθῠγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς στόρθῠγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στορθῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στορθῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ στόρθῠγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στορθῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στόρθῠγξῐ (dative plural)
στόρθῠγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs stórthŭnxĭ (dative plural)
taîs stórthŭnxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν στόρθῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στόρθῠγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στόρθῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
στόρθῠγξ (singular vocative)
στόρθῠγγε (dual vocative)
στόρθῠγγες (plural vocative)


σέρφος

σέρφος • (sérphos) m (genitive σέρφου); second declension

sérphos (romanization)
σέρφου (genitive)
ὁ σέρφος (nominative singular)
τὼ σέρφω (dual nominative)
οἱ σέρφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σέρφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σέρφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σέρφων (genitive plural)
τῷ σέρφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σέρφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σέρφοις (dative plural)
τὸν σέρφον (accusative singular)
τὼ σέρφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σέρφους (accusative plural)
σέρφε (singular vocative)
σέρφω (dual vocative)
σέρφοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin. Compare also σέριφος (sériphos).


ἄχερδος

ᾰ̓́χερδος • (ắkherdos) f (genitive ᾰ̓χέρδου); second declension

ᾰ̓́χερδος (canonical)
ắkherdos (romanization)
ᾰ̓χέρδου (genitive)
ἡ ᾰ̓́χερδος (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χέρδω (dual nominative)
αἱ ᾰ̓́χερδοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ᾰ̓χέρδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέρδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓χέρδων (genitive plural)
τῇ ᾰ̓χέρδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓χέρδοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ᾰ̓χέρδοις (dative plural)
τὴν ᾰ̓́χερδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓χέρδω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓χέρδους (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́χερδε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓χέρδω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́χερδοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from a substrate root common to Albanian dardhë (“pear”). But this ignores the presence of Crimean Tatar kertme (“pear”), dialectal Turkish kertme (“pear”), Kipchak كرتما / chertme (“pear”), allegedly from the verb which is in Turkish kertmek (“to notch, to indent”) because originally meaning a sort of pear which was grafted, then having the transparent suffix -me (forms things created as the result of verbs), but also Ossetian кӕрдо (kærdo, “pear”), Chechen кхор (qor, “pear”), Ingush кхор (qor, “pear”).


σκολόπαξ

σκολόπαξ • (skolópax) m (genitive σκολόπᾰκος); third declension

skolópax (romanization)
σκολόπᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ σκολόπᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκολόπᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ σκολόπᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκολόπᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκολοπᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκολοπᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκολόπᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκολοπᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκολόπᾰξῐ (dative plural)
σκολόπᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs skolópăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs skolópăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν σκολόπᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκολόπᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκολόπᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
σκολόπᾰξ (singular vocative)
σκολόπᾰκε (dual vocative)
σκολόπᾰκες (plural vocative)

Latin: scolopax

Translingual: Scolopax

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin. The resemblance with σκόλοψ (skólops, “pole”) might be due to folk-etymological adaptation.

Scolopax rusticola
Scolopax rusticola#Translingual


κάρδαμον

κάρδαμον • (kárdamon) n (genitive καρδάμου); second declension

kárdamon (romanization)
καρδάμου (genitive)
τὸ κάρδαμον (nominative singular)
τὼ καρδάμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κάρδαμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καρδάμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρδάμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρδάμων (genitive plural)
τῷ καρδάμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρδάμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καρδάμοις (dative plural)
τὸ κάρδαμον (accusative singular)
τὼ καρδάμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κάρδαμᾰ (accusative plural)
κάρδαμον (singular vocative)
καρδάμω (dual vocative)
κάρδαμᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: κάρδαμο (kárdamo)

A wanderword, related to Middle Armenian կոտեմ (kotem, “garden cress”), which see for closer forms.

cog

Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativum#Translingual

garden cress (Lepidium sativum), of which the seed was eaten like mustard


ἐμπίς

grc-noun

ἐμπῐ́ς • (empĭ́s) f (genitive ἐμπῐ́δος); third declension

ἐμπῐ́ς (canonical)
empĭ́s (romanization)
ἐμπῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ἐμπῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμπῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐμπῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐμπῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐμπῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐμπῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐμπῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs empĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs empĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἐμπῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμπῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐμπῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐμπῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐμπῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐμπῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Empis

Popular derivation from ἐμπίνω (empínō, “to drink (blood)”). Pokorny connects Proto-West Germanic *imbī (“bee”), deriving both from Proto-Indo-European *h₁empís (“gnat, biting insect”), though Kroonen rejects this comparison and Mallory and Adams call it "not universally accepted."


αἴγειρος

grc-noun

αἴγειρος • (aígeiros) f (genitive αἰγείρου); second declension

aígeiros (romanization)
αἰγείρου (genitive)
ἡ αἴγειρος (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰγείρω (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴγειροι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰγείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰγείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰγείρων (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰγείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰγείροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰγείροις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴγειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰγείρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰγείρους (accusative plural)
αἴγειρε (singular vocative)
αἰγείρω (dual vocative)
αἴγειροι (plural vocative)

The connection with αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “a kind of oak”) is uncertain. According to Beekes, the noun is of Pre-Greek origin.

Populus nigra
Populus nigra#Translingual


κίσιρνις

head

κίσιρνις • (kísirnis)

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the cluster "-ρν-".

Hesychius' gives the definition as: a kind of bird


σίον

grc-noun

σίον • (síon) n (genitive σίου); second declension

síon (romanization)
σίου (genitive)
τὸ σῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
σῐ́ον (singular vocative)
σῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Sium

unk

unexplained


ὄγχνη

grc-noun

ὄγχνη • (ónkhnē) f (genitive ὄγχνης); first declension

ónkhnē (romanization)
ὄγχνης (genitive)
ἡ ὄγχνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄγχνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄγχναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄγχνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὄγχναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀγχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄγχνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὄγχναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄγχναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄγχνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄγχνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄγχνᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄγχνη (singular vocative)
ὄγχνᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄγχναι (plural vocative)

Hypothetically connected with ἔγχος (énkhos, “spear”) if this lance was originally made of pear wood. Furnée connects the word with κόγχη (kónkhē, “mussel”) and thinks that the noun is from Pre-Greek.

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


κάχρυς

κάχρῠς • (kákhrŭs) f (genitive κάχρῠος); third declension

κάχρῠς (canonical)
kákhrŭs (romanization)
κάχρῠος (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́χρῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́χρῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́χρῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́χρῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰχρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰχρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́χρῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
κᾰ́χρυι (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰχρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́χρῠσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kắkhrŭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs kắkhrŭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́χρῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́χρῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́χρῡς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́χρῠ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́χρῠε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́χρῠες (plural vocative)

The word has been connected with κέγχρος (kénkhros, “millet”), but the meaning of this noun rather points towards a connection with κάγκανος (kánkanos, “arid, barren”). Probably of Pre-Greek origin.


σκόμβρος

σκόμβρος • (skómbros) m (genitive σκόμβρου); second declension

skómbros (romanization)
σκόμβρου (genitive)
ὁ σκόμβρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκόμβρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκόμβροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκόμβρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκόμβροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκόμβρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκόμβρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκόμβροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκόμβροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκόμβρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκόμβρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκόμβρους (accusative plural)
σκόμβρε (singular vocative)
σκόμβρω (dual vocative)
σκόμβροι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: scomber
→ English: scomber
→ Italian: sgombro
→ Spanish: escombro
→ Translingual: Scomber

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus#Translingual

σκουμπρί

σκομβρίς (skombrís)


σαργός

grc-noun

σᾰργός • (sărgós) m (genitive σᾰργοῦ); second declension

σᾰργός (canonical)
sărgós (romanization)
σᾰργοῦ (genitive)
ὁ σᾰργός (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰργώ (dual nominative)
οἱ σᾰργοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰργοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰργοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰργῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰργῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰργοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰργοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν σᾰργόν (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰργώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σᾰργούς (accusative plural)
σᾰργέ (singular vocative)
σᾰργώ (dual vocative)
σᾰργοί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sargus

→ English: sargo

→ Italian: sarago

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek.

Diplodus sargus
Diplodus sargus#Translingual


ἄγχουσα

ἄγχουσᾰ • (ánkhousă) f (genitive ἀγχούσης); first declension

ἄγχουσᾰ (canonical)
ánkhousă (romanization)
ἀγχούσης (genitive)
ἡ ἄγχουσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγχούσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄγχουσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀγχούσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγχούσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγχουσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀγχούσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγχούσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀγχούσαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄγχουσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγχούσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀγχούσᾱς (accusative plural)
ἄγχουσᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀγχούσᾱ (dual vocative)
ἄγχουσαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Anchusa

The variant excludes a derivation from ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to strangle, throttle, choke”), thus the word is from Pre-Greek.

Alkanna tinctoria
Alkanna tinctoria#Translingual


σάλπη

σᾰ́λπη • (sắlpē) f (genitive σᾰ́λπης); first declension

σᾰ́λπη (canonical)
sắlpē (romanization)
σᾰ́λπης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰ́λπη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́λπᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰ́λπαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰ́λπης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰ́λπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰλπῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰ́λπῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰ́λπαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰ́λπαις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰ́λπην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰ́λπᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰ́λπᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰ́λπη (singular vocative)
σᾰ́λπᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰ́λπαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: salpa

→ English: salpa

→ Italian: salpa

→ Translingual: Sarpa

From Egyptian, found in Coptic ϫⲉⲗϥⲁⲧ (čelfat), ⲥⲗⲃⲟⲧ (slbot), Arabic شِلْبَا (šilbā), or perhaps already Pre-Greek and of shared origin.


αἴθουσα

αἴθουσᾰ • (aíthousă) f (genitive αἰθούσης); first declension

αἴθουσᾰ (canonical)
aíthousă (romanization)
αἰθούσης (genitive)
ἡ αἴθουσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰθούσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴθουσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰθούσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθούσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθουσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰθούσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθούσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰθούσαις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴθουσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰθούσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰθούσᾱς (accusative plural)
αἴθουσᾰ (singular vocative)
αἰθούσᾱ (dual vocative)
αἴθουσαι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: αίθουσα (aíthousa)

→ Translingual: Aethusa

Traditionally explained as a derivation from αἴθω (aíthō, “to glow”) but this is a folk etymology. The word is more likely from Pre-Greek (albeit with semantic reinforcement from the folk etymology), due to the likely-related αἴδῶσσα (aídôssa, “the walls of a court of hall”) demonstrating significant consonantal variation, as well as the variant αἴθουσσα (aíthoussa) showing σ/σσ variation.

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual


σκάρος

σκάρος • (skáros) m (genitive σκάρου); second declension

skáros (romanization)
σκάρου (genitive)
ὁ σκᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σκᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σκᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: scarus

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܪܘܣ (/sqrws/)

→ Old Armenian: սկարոս (skaros)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: სკაროსი (sḳarosi)
→ Georgian: სკაროსი (sḳarosi) (learned)

According to Beekes, perhaps related to σκαίρω (skaírō, “to dance, to jump”) because of its lively movements. Or maybe related to σκαρῖτις (skarîtis, “a kind of stone”) if named after its colour. Both could be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”); see σκορπίος (skorpíos) and Albanian harrok. However, also compare Welsh cerdded (“to leap”).


ἄχνη

grc-noun

ἄχνη • (ákhnē) f (genitive ἄχνης); first declension

ákhnē (romanization)
ἄχνης (genitive)
ἡ ἄχνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄχνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄχναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἄχνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἄχναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀχνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἄχνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἄχναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἄχναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄχνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄχνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἄχνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἄχνη (singular vocative)
ἄχνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἄχναι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Achnella, Achneria, etc

Has been connected with Latin agna (“ear of grain”) and English awn. According to Beekes, the word must be connected with ἄχυρον (ákhuron, “chaff”), pointing thus to a Pre-Greek origin.

Daphne gnidium
Daphne gnidium#Translingual

anything that comes off the surface
flax-leaved daphne (Daphne gnidium)


δέλλις

δέλλῑς • (déllīs) f (genitive δέλλῑθος); third declension

δέλλῑς (canonical)
déllīs (romanization)
δέλλῑθος (genitive)
ἡ δέλλῑς (nominative singular)
τὼ δέλλῑθε (dual nominative)
αἱ δέλλῑθες (nominative plural)
τῆς δέλλῑθος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δελλῑ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δελλῑ́θων (genitive plural)
τῇ δέλλῑθῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δελλῑ́θοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δέλλῑσῐ (dative plural)
δέλλῑσῐν (dative plural)
taîs déllīsĭ (dative plural)
taîs déllīsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν δέλλῑθᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δέλλῑθε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δέλλῑθᾰς (accusative plural)
δέλλῑς (singular vocative)
δέλλῑθε (dual vocative)
δέλλῑθες (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, the geminate "-λλ-" leads to a Pre-Greek origin.


γαλέη

γᾰλέη • (găléē) f (genitive γᾰλέης); first declension

γᾰλέη (canonical)
găléē (romanization)
γᾰλέης (genitive)
ἡ γᾰλέη (nominative singular)
τὼ γᾰλέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γᾰλέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γᾰλέης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γᾰλέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γᾰλεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γᾰλέῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γᾰλέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γᾰλέαις (dative plural)
τὴν γᾰλέην (accusative singular)
τὼ γᾰλέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γᾰλέᾱς (accusative plural)
γᾰλέη (singular vocative)
γᾰλέᾱ (dual vocative)
γᾰλέαι (plural vocative)

→⇒ English: galeanthropy, galeophobia

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Cheirogaleus, Dasogale, Galidia, Petrogale, Phascogale, Planigale, Spilogale

From Proto-Indo-European *gl̥h₁éys (“weasel, mouse”) and cognate with Latin glīs (“dormouse”), Sanskrit गिरि (girí, “mouse”). According to Beekes, the word originally indicated the skin and later the animal itself.

der

name given to various animals of the Mustelidae family, like martens, weasels and polecats


σκάρφη

grc-noun

σκάρφη • (skárphē) f (genitive σκάρφης); first declension

skárphē (romanization)
σκάρφης (genitive)
ἡ σκάρφη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκάρφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκάρφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκάρφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκάρφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκαρφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκάρφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκάρφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκάρφαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκάρφην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκάρφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκάρφᾱς (accusative plural)
σκάρφη (singular vocative)
σκάρφᾱ (dual vocative)
σκάρφαι (plural vocative)

Helleborus niger
Helleborus niger#Translingual


σίττη

σῐ́ττη • (sĭ́ttē) f (genitive σῐ́ττης); first declension

σῐ́ττη (canonical)
sĭ́ttē (romanization)
σῐ́ττης (genitive)
ἡ σῐ́ττη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐ́τται (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐ́ττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́τταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐ́ττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́τταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐ́τταις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐ́ττην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́ττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐ́ττᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐ́ττη (singular vocative)
σῐ́ττᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐ́τται (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Sitta

According to Beekes, of onomatopoeic origin but Furnée links the word with ψίττακος (psíttakos, “parrot”).

Sitta europaea
Sitta europaea#Translingual


δαμάλης

δαμάλης • (damálēs) m (genitive δαμάλου); first declension

damálēs (romanization)
δαμάλου (genitive)
ὁ δᾰμᾰ́λης (nominative singular)
τὼ δᾰμᾰ́λᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ δᾰμᾰ́λαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δᾰμᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́λαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δᾰμᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ δᾰμᾰ́λῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́λαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δᾰμᾰ́λαις (dative plural)
τὸν δᾰμᾰ́λην (accusative singular)
τὼ δᾰμᾰ́λᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς δᾰμᾰ́λᾱς (accusative plural)
δᾰμᾰ́λη (singular vocative)
δᾰμᾰ́λᾱ (dual vocative)
δᾰμᾰ́λαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to domesticate, tame”) and cognate with Latin domō (“I tame”).


σχοῖνος

grc-noun

σχοῖνος • (skhoînos) m (genitive σχοίνου); second declension

skhoînos (romanization)
σχοίνου (genitive)
ὁ σχοῖνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σχοίνω (dual nominative)
οἱ σχοῖνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σχοίνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σχοίνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σχοίνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σχοίνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σχοίνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σχοίνοις (dative plural)
τὸν σχοῖνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σχοίνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σχοίνους (accusative plural)
σχοῖνε (singular vocative)
σχοίνω (dual vocative)
σχοῖνοι (plural vocative)

Latin: schoenus

Translingual: Schoenus

rush, especially camel hay (Cymbopogon schoenanthus)


γράα

γράᾱ • (gráā) f (genitive γράᾱς); first declension

γράᾱ (canonical)
gráā (romanization)
γράᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γράᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γράᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γράαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γράᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γράαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γραῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γράᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γράαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γράαις (dative plural)
τὴν γράᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γράᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γράᾱς (accusative plural)
γράᾱ (singular vocative)
γράᾱ (dual vocative)
γράαι (plural vocative)

From an Indo-Aryan word related to Sanskrit ग्रह (graha, “crocodile”, literally “seizing, holding, catching, receiving”).

cog

kind of water snake mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


ἁρμαλά

ἁρμαλᾱ́ (canonical)
harmalā́ (romanization)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܡܠܐ (ˀarmalā)

→ Arabic: حَرْمَل (ḥarmal)

→ English: harmal

A loanword from a Semitic source. Compare Akkadian 𒌑𒀀𒈾𒈨𒊒 (anamiru, “medical and ritual herb”) and Hebrew אַלְמָן (ʾalmān).

Peganum harmala
Peganum harmala#Translingual


σάνδαλον

grc-noun

σάνδᾰλον • (sándălon) n (genitive σανδάλου); second declension

σάνδᾰλον (canonical)
sándălon (romanization)
σανδάλου (genitive)
τὸ σάνδᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ σανδᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σάνδᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σανδᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σανδᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σανδᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ σανδᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σανδᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σανδᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ σάνδᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ σανδᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σάνδᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
σάνδᾰλον (singular vocative)
σανδᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
σάνδᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

Likely from Pre-Greek or some other foreign source, in view of the alternation "νδ/μβ".


ὕσγη

ὕσγη • (húsgē) f (genitive ὕσγης); first declension

húsgē (romanization)
ὕσγης (genitive)
ἡ ὕσγη (nominative singular)
τὼ ὕσγᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὕσγαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὕσγης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὕσγαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑσγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὕσγῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὕσγαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὕσγαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὕσγην (accusative singular)
τὼ ὕσγᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὕσγᾱς (accusative plural)
ὕσγη (singular vocative)
ὕσγᾱ (dual vocative)
ὕσγαι (plural vocative)

Pausanias calls the word Galatian but Furnée regards the noun as Pre-Greek because of the variants.

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera#Translingual

A shrub, probably the kermes oak (Quercus coccifera)


σφάκος

σφάκος • (sphákos) m (genitive σφάκου); second declension

sphákos (romanization)
σφάκου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́κος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́κοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́κον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰ́κους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́κε (singular vocative)
σφᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́κοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sphacos

Of unclear origin. According to Furnée, of Pre-Greek origin and related to σφάγνος (sphágnos, “kind of bush”) and φάσκον (pháskon, “moss”).


δάνδηξ

δάνδηξ • (dándēx) m (genitive δάνδηκος); third declension

dándēx (romanization)
δάνδηκος (genitive)
ὁ δάνδηξ (nominative singular)
τὼ δάνδηκε (dual nominative)
οἱ δάνδηκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δάνδηκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δανδήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δανδήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ δάνδηκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δανδήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δάνδηξῐ (dative plural)
δάνδηξῐν (dative plural)
toîs dándēxĭ (dative plural)
toîs dándēxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δάνδηκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δάνδηκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δάνδηκᾰς (accusative plural)
δάνδηξ (singular vocative)
δάνδηκε (dual vocative)
δάνδηκες (plural vocative)


ἄμι

ἄμῐ • (ámĭ) n (genitive ἄμεως); third declension

ἄμῐ (canonical)
ámĭ (romanization)
ἄμεως (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓́μῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́μη (nominative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓́μεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓́μεων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓́μει (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓μέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓́μεσῐ (dative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ắmesĭ (dative plural)
toîs ắmesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓́μῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓́μει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́μη (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓́μῐ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́μει (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓́μη (plural vocative)
ᾰ̓́μεᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: ami

Translingual: Ammi

Hemmerdinger proposes a derivation from Egyptian ꜥmꜣw (“a kind of medicinal plant”), but, as both the reading and the meaning of that word are uncertain, its status as an etymon is highly questionable.

bor

Visnaga daucoides
Visnaga daucoides#Translingual

bisnaga (Visnaga daucoides, syn. Ammi visnaga)


σφάγνος

grc-noun

σφάγνος • (sphágnos) m (genitive σφάγνου); second declension

sphágnos (romanization)
σφάγνου (genitive)
ὁ σφᾰ́γνος (nominative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́γνω (dual nominative)
οἱ σφᾰ́γνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σφᾰ́γνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́γνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σφᾰ́γνων (genitive plural)
τῷ σφᾰ́γνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σφᾰ́γνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σφᾰ́γνοις (dative plural)
τὸν σφᾰ́γνον (accusative singular)
τὼ σφᾰ́γνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σφᾰ́γνους (accusative plural)
σφᾰ́γνε (singular vocative)
σφᾰ́γνω (dual vocative)
σφᾰ́γνοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Sphagnum

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin, together with σφάκος (sphákos) and φάσκον (pháskon).


μόσχος

μόσχος • (móskhos) m (genitive μόσχου); second declension

móskhos (romanization)
μόσχου (genitive)
ὁ μόσχος (nominative singular)
τὼ μόσχω (dual nominative)
οἱ μόσχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μόσχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μόσχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μόσχων (genitive plural)
τῷ μόσχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μόσχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μόσχοις (dative plural)
τὸν μόσχον (accusative singular)
τὼ μόσχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς μόσχους (accusative plural)
μόσχε (singular vocative)
μόσχω (dual vocative)
μόσχοι (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܣܟܘܣ

According to Beekes, related to Armenian մոզի (mozi, “two-year-old bull”) and maybe from a Proto-Indo-European *mosǵʰ-o- (“young of an animal; young shoot”). The appurtenance of Lithuanian mãzgas (“bud of a tree; knot”) to the Greco-Armenian terms is less certain and straightforward.