πρόβατον

πρόβατον • (próbaton) n (genitive προβάτου); second declension

próbaton (romanization)
προβάτου (genitive)
τὸ πρόβατον (nominative singular)
τὼ προβάτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρόβατᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ προβάτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν προβάτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν προβάτων (genitive plural)
τῷ προβάτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν προβάτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς προβάτοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρόβατον (accusative singular)
τὼ προβάτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρόβατᾰ (accusative plural)
πρόβατον (singular vocative)
προβάτω (dual vocative)
πρόβατᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πρόβατο (próvato)

Mariupol Greek: про́вату (próvatu)

From προβαίνω (probaínō, “to go on”) + -τος (-tos).

, ἀρήν (arḗn)

414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 714

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.14

Oppian, Halieutica 1.146

Oppian, Halieutica 3.139

175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 9.38


ἀρνίον

grc-noun

ἀρνίον • (arníon) n (genitive ἀρνίου); second declension

arníon (romanization)
ἀρνίου (genitive)
τὸ ἀρνῐ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀρνῐ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀρνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀρνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀρνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀρνῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀρνῐ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀρνῐ́ον (singular vocative)
ἀρνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἀρνῐ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ἀρνίν (arnín)

Greek: αρνί (arní)

Mariupol Greek: арны́ (arný)

ἀρήν (arḗn, “lamb, sheep”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive).

af

125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Dance 43


φάλλαινα

grc-noun

φάλλαινᾰ • (phállaină) f (genitive φαλλαίνης); first declension

φάλλαινᾰ (canonical)
phállaină (romanization)
φαλλαίνης (genitive)
ἡ φάλλαινᾰ (nominative singular)
αἱ φάλλαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς φαλλαίνης (genitive singular)
τῶν φαλλαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φαλλαίνῃ (dative singular)
ταῖς φαλλαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν φάλλαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τᾱ̀ς φαλλαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
φάλλαινᾰ (singular vocative)
φάλλαιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: φάλαινα (fálaina) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: ballaena (see there for further descendants)

Traditionally derived, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”); see also φαλλός (phallós, “penis, phallus”). However, Beekes considers the word Pre-Greek due to variation between the single and geminate λ in its variant forms.


πνιγεύς

πνῐγεύς • (pnĭgeús) m (genitive πνῐγέως); third declension

πνῐγεύς (canonical)
pnĭgeús (romanization)
πνῐγέως (genitive)
ὁ πνῐγεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ πνῐγῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ πνῐγῆς (nominative plural)
πνῐγεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνῐγέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνῐγέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνῐγέων (genitive plural)
τῷ πνῐγεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνῐγέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνῐγεῦσῐ (dative plural)
πνῐγεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pnĭgeûsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pnĭgeûsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πνῐγέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνῐγῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς πνῐγέᾱς (accusative plural)
πνῐγεῦ (singular vocative)
πνῐγῆ (dual vocative)
πνῐγῆς (plural vocative)
πνῐγεῖς (plural vocative)

From πνῑ́γω (pnī́gō, “to choke, stifle”) + -εύς (-eús, masculine agentive suffix).

suffix

hydraulic instrument in which air is pent up


αἴθυια

grc-noun

αἴθυιᾰ • (aíthuiă) f (genitive αἰθυίᾱς); first declension

αἴθυιᾰ (canonical)
aíthuiă (romanization)
αἰθυίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ αἴθυιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ αἰθυίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ αἴθυιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς αἰθυίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν αἰθυίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν αἰθυιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ αἰθυίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν αἰθυίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς αἰθυίαις (dative plural)
τὴν αἴθυιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ αἰθυίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς αἰθυίᾱς (accusative plural)
αἴθυιᾰ (singular vocative)
αἰθυίᾱ (dual vocative)
αἴθυιαι (plural vocative)

Latin: aethia

Translingual: Aethia (genus name)

Usually derived from αἴθω (aíthō, “to kindle”), comparing αἰθός (aithós, “sparkling, glowing; dark-coloured”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin of the word, in view of the suffix "-υια", found also in ἄγυια (águia, “street, highway”), ἅρπυια (hárpuia, “harpy”) and κώδυια (kṓduia, “head; bulb”).


Ποντικόν κάρυον

head

Ποντικόν κάρυον

Ποντικόν κάρυον • (Pontikón káruon)

desctree

→ Middle Persian: pndk' (*pondik)
Persian: پندک (pondok)
→ Arabic: بُنْدُق (bunduq), فُنْدُق (funduq), بُنْدُوق (bundūq) — archaic, dialectal
Andalusian Arabic: بندق (bunduq)
→ Portuguese: almôndega
→ Ladino: albóndiga
→ Spanish: albóndiga, almóndiga (obsolete or nonstandard)
Chavacano: albóndiga
Hijazi Arabic: بندق (bundug)
→ Amharic: ቡንዱቅ (bunduḳ)
→ Armenian: պնդուկ (pnduk)
→ French: bonduc
→ English: bonduc
→ Ge'ez: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ, “rifle”)
→ Persian: بندق (bondoq), فندق (fondoq, fandoq, “hazelnut”) (see there for further descendants), بندوق (bonduq, “rifle”)
→ Gujarati: બંદૂક (bandūk)
→ Hindi: बन्दूक़ (bandūq), बन्दूक (bandūk)
→ English: bundook
→ Telugu: బందూకు (bandūku)
→ Punjabi: ਬੰਦੂਕ਼ (bandūq), بندوق (bndoq)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بندق (bundûq)
→ Urdu: بندوق (bandūq)
→ Mehri: məndáwḳ (“rifle”)
→ Shehri: məndíḳ
→ Swahili: bunduki (“rifle”) (see there for further descendants)
→ Tigre: መንዱቅ (mänduḳ)
→ Classical Syriac: ܦܢܕܩܐ (pendəqā)
 (possibly)

Latin: nux Pontica (calque)

From Ποντικόν (Pontikón, “Pontic”) + κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). From the nut's indigenousness and abundance in Pontus, a former Hellenic kingdom in northern Anatolia along the southern shore of the Black Sea.


ἄμπελος

grc-noun

ἄμπελος • (ámpelos) f (genitive ἀμπέλου); second declension

ámpelos (romanization)
ἀμπέλου (genitive)
ἡ ἄμπελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄμπελοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀμπέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμπέλων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀμπέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄμπελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀμπέλους (accusative plural)
ἄμπελε (singular vocative)
ἀμπέλω (dual vocative)
ἄμπελοι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̓ ἄμπελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (dual nominative)
αἰ ἄμπελοι (nominative plural)
τᾶς ἀμπέλω (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν ἀμπέλων (genitive plural)
τᾶ ἀμπέλω (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀμπέλοισῐν (dative plural)
taîs ampéloisĭ (dative plural)
taîs ampéloisĭn (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν ἄμπελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμπέλω (accusative dual)
ταῖς ἀμπέλοις (accusative plural)
ἄμπελε (singular vocative)
ἀμπέλω (dual vocative)
ἄμπελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άμπελος (ámpelos)

→ Latin: ampelos

Difficult to explain as an inherited Indo-European word and usually considered to be a Pre-Greek/substrate word. Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple”).

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.181

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.17.4

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.110

620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 44

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.4.11

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.2

522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 9.52


κύπρος

κῠ́προς • (kŭ́pros) f (genitive κῠ́πρου); second declension

κῠ́προς (canonical)
kŭ́pros (romanization)
κῠ́πρου (genitive)
ἡ κῠ́προς (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠ́πρω (dual nominative)
αἱ κῠ́προι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῠ́πρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠ́προιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠ́πρων (genitive plural)
τῇ κῠ́πρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠ́προιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῠ́προις (dative plural)
τὴν κῠ́προν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠ́πρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῠ́πρους (accusative plural)
κῠ́πρε (singular vocative)
κῠ́πρω (dual vocative)
κῠ́προι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cyprus
→ Middle English: cipre

Identical to Hebrew כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר (kōp̱er, “pitch, tar; henna”), Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܟܘܦܪܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; henna”), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎔𐎗 (kpr, “henna”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀞𐀫 (ku-pa-ro, debatable plant), Coptic ⲕⲟⲩⲡⲣ (koupr, “henna”), Demotic qwpr (“henna”), Egyptian qwpr (a given name), Dongolawi kofrē (“henna”), all ultimately from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”) from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear, to daub on”).

cog

כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר

Aramaic כּוּפְרָא

der

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


σικύα

grc-noun

σῐκῠ́ᾱ • (sĭkŭ́ā) f (genitive σῐκῠ́ᾱς); first declension

σῐκῠ́ᾱ (canonical)
sĭkŭ́ā (romanization)
σῐκῠ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐκῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐκῠ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐκῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐκῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐκῠ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐκῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐκῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐκῠ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐκῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐκῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐκῠ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
σῐκῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐκῠ́αι (plural vocative)

For plant names in -ύα, compare οἰσύα (oisúa), ὀστρύα (ostrúa). The Hesychius gloss σεκούα (sekoúa), as well as the toponym Σικυών (Sikuṓn)/Σεκυών (Sekuṓn), shows an alternation σικ-/σεκ-, which cannot be explained from an Indo-European point of view, but rather from substrate/Pre-Greek. Together with the forms συκύα (sukúa), κύκυον (kúkuon) and κυκύϊζα (kukúïza, “sweet round gourd”), as well as Latin cucumis (“cucumber”), Old Armenian սեխ (sex, “muskmelon”) and Proto-Slavic *tyky (“pumpkin”) it seems that we are dealing with a Wanderwort that might also have Semitic and Kartvelian cognates, like Arabic قِثَّاء (qiṯṯāʔ, “Cucumis”), Akkadian 𒄾 (qiššû, “cucumber”), Hebrew קשוא (qiššūʾ, “Armenian cucumber”), Laz შუკა (şuǩa, “cucumber; melon”), Mingrelian შინკა (šinḳa, “melon”).

cog

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual

Lagenaria vulgaris
Wikispecies:Lagenaria vulgaris

bottle gourd (Benincasa hispida, syn. Lagenaria vulgaris)

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

cupping-instrument, because it was shaped like a gourd


ἄλισμα

grc-noun

ἄλισμᾰ • (álismă) n (genitive ἀλίσμᾰτος); third declension

ἄλισμᾰ (canonical)
álismă (romanization)
ἀλίσμᾰτος (genitive)
τὸ ἄλισμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλίσμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀλίσμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλίσμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλισμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλισμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλίσμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλισμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλίσμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
ἀλίσμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs alísmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs alísmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ ἄλισμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλίσμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀλίσμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄλισμᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀλίσμᾰτε (dual vocative)
ἀλίσμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: alisma

→ Translingual: Alisma

Unknown. The word does not contain ἅλς (háls, “salt”).

Alisma plantago-aquatica
Alisma plantago-aquatica#Translingual

water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica)


πτέρις

πτέρῐς • (ptérĭs) f (genitive πτέρεως); third declension

πτέρῐς (canonical)
ptérĭs (romanization)
πτέρεως (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ πτέρει (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτέρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρει (dative singular)
τοῖν πτερέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρεσῐ (dative plural)
πτέρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptéresĭ (dative plural)
taîs ptéresĭn (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ πτέρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρεις (accusative plural)
πτέρῐ (singular vocative)
πτέρει (dual vocative)
πτέρεις (plural vocative)

Greek: πτέρις (ptéris)

Arabic: بِطاريس (biṭārīs)

Latin: pteris

English: pterido-

Middle Armenian: պտեր (pter)

Armenian: պտեր (pter)

Translingual: Pteris, Pteridium

Polypodium vulgare
Polypodium vulgare#Translingual


μῆον

μῆον • (mêon) n (genitive μήου); second declension

mêon (romanization)
μήου (genitive)
τὸ μῆον (nominative singular)
τὼ μήω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μῆᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μήου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μήοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μήων (genitive plural)
τῷ μήῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μήοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μήοις (dative plural)
τὸ μῆον (accusative singular)
τὼ μήω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μῆᾰ (accusative plural)
μῆον (singular vocative)
μήω (dual vocative)
μῆᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: مُو (mū)

→ English: meon

→ French: méon, méon athamantique

→ Hebrew: מו (Medieval)

→ Latin: mēum

→ English: meum

→ (perhaps) Middle French: meu

→ English: meu

→ Translingual: Meum, Meum athamanticum

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘ, ܩܝܘܢ

Traditionally derived from μεῖον (meîon, “lesser”) for its small size. However, Furnée compares μαῖον (maîon, “kind of clover”), which would point to Pre-Greek origin.

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.3

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 14.150

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual


κενταύρειον

κενταύρειον • (kentaúreion) n (genitive κενταυρείου); second declension

kentaúreion (romanization)
κενταυρείου (genitive)
τὸ κενταύρειον (nominative singular)
τὼ κενταυρείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κενταύρειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κενταυρείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κενταυρείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κενταυρείων (genitive plural)
τῷ κενταυρείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κενταυρείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κενταυρείοις (dative plural)
τὸ κενταύρειον (accusative singular)
τὼ κενταυρείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κενταύρειᾰ (accusative plural)
κενταύρειον (singular vocative)
κενταυρείω (dual vocative)
κενταύρειᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

قَنْطُورِيُون

→ Arabic: قَنْطُورِيُون (qanṭūriyūn)

→ Arabic: قَنْطُورِيُون (qanṭūriyūn)

→ Latin: centaurēum

⇒ Medieval Latin: centaurēa

Dutch: centaurie

Old English: centaurie

Middle English: centaure

English: centaury

French: centaurée

Ido: centaureo

Italian: centaurea

Norman: centaurée (Jersey)

Occitan: centaurèa

Portuguese: centáurea

Translingual: Centaurea

From κένταυρος (kéntauros, “centaur”) + -ῐον (-ĭon). The association with centaurs probably stems from the myth that the medical properties of the herbs were discovered by Chiron the Centaur.

af

(with μέγα, Centaurion majus) centaury, Centaurea salonitana, Chlora perfoliata

μικρόν μικρόν

(with μικρόν, Centaurion minus) feverfew, Centaurium erythraea


ἴασπις

grc-noun

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς • (ĭ́ăspĭs) f (genitive ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος); third declension

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (canonical)
ĭ́ăspĭs (romanization)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ĭắspĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs ĭắspĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς (singular vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε (dual vocative)
ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες (plural vocative)

Latin: iaspis, jaspis (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Armenian: յասպիս (yaspis), յասպի (yaspi)

Georgian: იასპი (iasṗi)

A loanword of unclear source, but possibly Egyptian in origin. Compare Biblical Hebrew יָשְׁפֵה (yāšəfēh, “jasper”), Amarna Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/yašpû/, “name of a stone”) (whence Classical Syriac ܝܫܦܐ (jaʃpɑ(ʔ), “jasper”)). Persian یشپ (yašp) is from the same source.


χέλυς

grc-noun

χέλῡς or χέλῠς • (khélūs or khélŭs) f (genitive χέλῠος); third declension

χέλῡς (canonical)
χέλῠς (canonical)
khélūs (romanization)
khélŭs (romanization)
χέλῠος (genitive)
χέλῡς (nominative singular)
χέλῠε (dual nominative)
χέλῠες (nominative plural)
χέλῠος (genitive singular)
χελῠ́οιῐν (dual genitive)
χελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
χέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χέλυι (dative singular)
χελῠ́οιῐν (dative dual)
χελῠ́εσσῐ (dative plural)
χελῠ́εσσῐν (dative plural)
χέλῡσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῡσῐν (dative plural)
χέλῡσσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῡσσῐν (dative plural)
khelŭ́essĭ (dative plural)
khelŭ́essĭn (dative plural)
khélūsĭ (dative plural)
khélūsĭn (dative plural)
khélūssĭ (dative plural)
khélūssĭn (dative plural)
χέλῡν (accusative singular)
χέλῠε (accusative dual)
χέλῡς (accusative plural)
χέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χέλῡ (singular vocative)
χέλῠε (dual vocative)
χέλῠες (plural vocative)
ἡ χέλῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χέλῠε (dual nominative)
αἱ χέλῠες (nominative plural)
τῆς χέλῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χελῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χελῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῇ χέλῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χέλυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χελῠ́οιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χέλῠσῐ (dative plural)
χέλῠσῐν (dative plural)
taîs khélŭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs khélŭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν χέλῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χέλῠε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χέλῡς (accusative plural)
χέλῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χέλῠ (singular vocative)
χέλῠε (dual vocative)
χέλῠες (plural vocative)

Latin: chelys

Related to χελώνη (khelṓnē, “tortoise”); see there for more.

315 BCE – 240 BCE, Aratus, Phaenomena 268


ἐμύς

ἐμῠ́ς • (emŭ́s) f (genitive ἐμῠ́δος); third declension

ἐμῠ́ς (canonical)
emŭ́s (romanization)
ἐμῠ́δος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἐμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐμῠ́δε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἐμῠ́δες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἐμῠ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐμῠ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐμῠ́δων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἐμῠ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐμῠ́δοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἐμῠ́σῐ (dative plural)
ἐμῠ́σῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs emŭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs emŭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἐμῠ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐμῠ́δε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἐμῠ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ἐμῠ́ς (singular vocative)
ἐμῠ́δε (dual vocative)
ἐμῠ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: emys

→ English: emys

→ Translingual: Emys

Unknown. Sommer derives it from ἐμέω (eméō, “to vomit”), because the animal, when breathing out below the surface of water, continuously releases air bubbles. However, Beekes states that -ud- is not an Indo-European suffix, concluding that the word is probably Pre-Greek. The variation ἀ-/ἐ- is also proof of substrate origin.

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.33

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 8.2


ψώρα

ψώρᾱ • (psṓrā) f (genitive ψώρᾱς); first declension

ψώρᾱ (canonical)
psṓrā (romanization)
ψώρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ψώρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ψῶραι (nominative plural)
τῆς ψώρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψωρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ψώρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψώραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ψώραις (dative plural)
τὴν ψώρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ψώρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ψώρᾱς (accusative plural)
ψώρᾱ (singular vocative)
ψώρᾱ (dual vocative)
ψῶραι (plural vocative)

> Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)

desctree

> Pontic Greek: ψώρα (psóra) (inherited)
→ Laz: მსორა (msora), მწორა (mǯora) — Artasheni, მსურა (msura), მსუა (msua) — Arkabi, სორა (sora)

→ Latin: psōra
→ English: psora (learned)
→ French: psora, psore (learned)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root of ψάω (psáō, “to rub, wipe”), ψωμός (psōmós, “morsel, bit”), ψωλός (psōlós, “circumcised”), ψωρός (psōrós, “itchy, mangy”) and ψωχός (psōkhós, “sandy”). The word has also been compared to Lithuanian sóra (“millet”).


σκυτάλη

grc-noun

σκῠτάλη • (skŭtálē) f (genitive σκῠτάλης); first declension

σκῠτάλη (canonical)
skŭtálē (romanization)
σκῠτάλης (genitive)
ἡ σκῠτάλη (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῠτάλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκῠτάλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκῠτάλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῠτάλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῠταλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκῠτάλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῠτάλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκῠτάλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκῠτάλην (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῠτάλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκῠτάλᾱς (accusative plural)
σκῠτάλη (singular vocative)
σκῠτάλᾱ (dual vocative)
σκῠτάλαι (plural vocative)

desc

إِسْقَاطُولِيّ

→ Arabic: إِسْقَاطُولِيّ (ʔisqāṭūliyy, “the beam of wood or handle or lever used in simple machines”)

→ Latin: scytalē

unk

unknown

A serpent of uniform roundness and thickness


λεοντοπέταλον

grc-noun

λεοντοπέτᾰλον

λεοντοπετᾰ́λου

λεοντοπέτᾰλον • (leontopétălon) n (genitive λεοντοπετᾰ́λου); second declension

λεοντοπέτᾰλον (canonical)
leontopétălon (romanization)
λεοντοπετᾰ́λου (genitive)
τὸ λεοντοπέτᾰλον (nominative singular)
τὼ λεοντοπετᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λεοντοπέτᾰλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λεοντοπετᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεοντοπετᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεοντοπετᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ λεοντοπετᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεοντοπετᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λεοντοπετᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸ λεοντοπέτᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ λεοντοπετᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λεοντοπέτᾰλᾰ (accusative plural)
λεοντοπέτᾰλον (singular vocative)
λεοντοπετᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
λεοντοπέτᾰλᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λεοντοπέτᾰλον

Latin: leontopetalon

From λέων (léōn, “lion”, stem: λεοντ-, leont-) + πέτᾰλον (pétălon, “leaf”).

af

stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">λεοντ-</i>, leont-

Leontice leontopetalum
Leontice leontopetalum#Translingual


ἄκορον

grc-noun

ἄκορον • (ákoron) n (genitive ἀκόρου); second declension

ákoron (romanization)
ἀκόρου (genitive)
τὸ ἄκορον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄκορᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀκόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀκόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀκόροις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄκορον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄκορᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄκορον (singular vocative)
ἀκόρω (dual vocative)
ἄκορᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: acorum

Perhaps from a same root as Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).

Iris pseudacorus
Iris pseudacorus#Translingual


ἄκορος

ἄκορος • (ákoros) f (genitive ἀκόρου); second declension

ákoros (romanization)
ἀκόρου (genitive)
ἡ ἄκορος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄκοροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀκόρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀκόρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀκόρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀκόροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀκόροις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄκορον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀκόρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀκόρους (accusative plural)
ἄκορε (singular vocative)
ἀκόρω (dual vocative)
ἄκοροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: acorus, acoros

desctree

→ Persian: اگیر (egir), اگر (ager, eger)
→ Kazakh: айыр (aiyr), иір (iır)
→ Middle Armenian: ակիր (akir)
→ Ottoman Turkish: اگیر (eğir), اگر (eğir)
Turkish: eğir
→ Belarusian: а́ер (ájer)
→ Russian: аи́р (aír)
→ Serbo-Croatian: (√ اگیر اوتی (eğir otu))
Cyrillic script: иђѝрот, ѝђирот
Latin script: iđìrot, ìđirot
→ Ukrainian: а́їр (ájir), а́єр (ájer)
→ Polish: ajer
→ Uzbek: игир (igir)

Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus#Translingual


ἄλυσσον

grc-noun

ἄλυσσον • (álusson) n (genitive ἀλύσσου); second declension

álusson (romanization)
ἀλύσσου (genitive)

Greek: αλύσσο (alýsso)

→ Arabic: أَلُوسَن (ʔalūsan)

→ Middle Armenian: ալուսան (alusan)

→ Persian: آلوسن (âlusan)

→ Latin: alysson

→ French: alysse, alysson

→ Latin: alyssum

→ English: alyssum

→ Translingual: Alyssum

Usually derived from ἀ- (a-, “privative prefix”) + λύσσα (lússa, “rage”).

affix

Sideritis romana
Wikispecies:Sideritis romana

the name of a certain plant used for curing madness; according to LSJ, specifically madwort (Farsetia clypeata → Fibigia clypeata) and Galen's madwort (Sideritis romana)


σπάλαξ

grc-noun

σπᾰ́λᾰξ • (spắlăx) f (genitive σπᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension

σπᾰ́λᾰξ (canonical)
spắlăx (romanization)
σπᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive)
ἡ σπᾰ́λᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́λᾰκε (dual nominative)
αἱ σπᾰ́λᾰκες (nominative plural)
τῆς σπᾰ́λᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾰλᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῇ σπᾰ́λᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾰλᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σπᾰ́λᾰξῐ (dative plural)
σπᾰ́λᾰξῐν (dative plural)
taîs spắlăxĭ (dative plural)
taîs spắlăxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σπᾰ́λᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́λᾰκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σπᾰ́λᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
σπᾰ́λᾰξ (singular vocative)
σπᾰ́λᾰκε (dual vocative)
σπᾰ́λᾰκες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Spalax, Spalacolestes, Spalacolestinae, Spalacotheriidae, Spalacotheridium, Spalacotherium, Spalacotheroides,

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Greater blind mole-rat, Spalax microphthalmus


κῶνος

κῶνος • (kônos) m or f (genitive κώνου); second declension

kônos (romanization)
κώνου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῶνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κώνω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῶνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κώνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κώνοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῶνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κώνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κώνους (accusative plural)
κῶνε (singular vocative)
κώνω (dual vocative)
κῶνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κώνος (kónos)

→ Arabic: قونس (qōnus)

desc

→ Old Armenian: կոն (kon), կովն (kovn), կոնոս (konos), կոնոն (konon)

Armenian: կոն (kon)

→ Latin: cōnus

→ Arabic: قونوس (qōnūs)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóh₃nos, from the root *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”), like Sanskrit शाण (śāṇa, “whetstone”), Latin cōs (“whetstone”) and Latin catus (“clever, sharp”). Schwyzer, however, considered foreign origin; this is confirmed by the variant adduced by Furnée, who suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


κεράτια

grc-noun

κερᾱ́τῐᾰ • (kerā́tĭă) n pl (genitive κερᾱτῐ́ων); second declension

κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (canonical)
kerā́tĭă (romanization)
κερᾱτῐ́ων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν κερᾱτῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς κερᾱτῐ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (plural vocative)


κερατωνία

κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ • (kerātōnĭ́ā) f (genitive κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
kerātōnĭ́ā (romanization)
κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κερᾱτωνῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾱτωνῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾱτωνῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾱτωνῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κερᾱτωνῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κερᾱτωνῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Ceratonia

From κερᾱτών (kerātṓn, “made of horns”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā), from κέρᾰς (kérăs, “horn”), potentially referring to the horn shape of the carob fruit. Compare κερωνῐ́ᾱ (kerōnĭ́ā), κερᾱτέᾱ (kerātéā).

suffix

Ceratonia siliqua
Ceratonia siliqua#Translingual


βότρυς

grc-noun

βότρῠς • (bótrŭs) m (genitive βότρῠος); third declension

βότρῠς (canonical)
bótrŭs (romanization)
βότρῠος (genitive)
ὁ βότρῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ βότρῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ βότρῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βότρῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βοτρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βότρῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
βότρυι (dative singular)
τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βότρῠσῐ (dative plural)
βότρῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs bótrŭsĭ (dative plural)
toîs bótrŭsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βότρῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ βότρῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βότρῡς (accusative plural)
βότρῠᾰς (accusative plural)
βότρῠ (singular vocative)
βότρῠε (dual vocative)
βότρῠες (plural vocative)
τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν βοτρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τοῖς βοτρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ (accusative plural)
βότρῠᾰ (plural vocative)

Tsakonian: βότσχε (vótsche)

desc

Latin: bō̆trys, bō̆trus, bō̆truōsus, bō̆trōnātus

→ English: botriform, botrycymose, botrylle, botryogen, botryoid, stachybotryotoxicosis, botrytis

Considered Pre-Greek, but also Semitic, relating to Hebrew בֹּסֶר (boser, “unripe grape”), Arabic بُسْر (busr, “unripe dates”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic בֻּסְרָא (busrā), בּוּסְרָא (busrā, “unripe grape”), Hebrew בֹּסֶר (boser, “unripe grape”), Classical Syriac ܒܣܪܐ (*busrā, “unripe grape”).

cog

Sch.Il. 18.486


κίσσα

grc-noun

κίσσᾰ • (kíssă) f (genitive κίσσης); first declension

κίσσᾰ (canonical)
kíssă (romanization)
κίσσης (genitive)
ἡ κῐ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
κῐ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐ́σσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: κίσσα (kíssa)

→ Translingual: Cissa

From an onomatopoeic root, similar to Sanskrit कीकि (kīki, “jay”), किकिदीवि (kikidīvi, “blue jay; partridge”) and Old English higora (“magpie”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius#Translingual


σκύβα

head

σκύβα • (skúba)

Unknown. Only attested in Hesychius. The alternative form σκοῦβα probably shows that this word also existed in another (non-Attic) dialect where the shift /u/ > /y/ did not take place, with <ου> used to represent the old /u/ sound.

σκύβα· λάχανον ἡ λαψάνη. τινὲς δὲ σκοῦβα

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Σ:

skúba: (herb) charlock - according to some: "skoûba"

skúba; lákhanon hē lapsánē. tinès dè skoûba

(hapax) (According to Hesychius of Alexandria:) charlock (Brassica arvensis)


ὀξύγονον

grc-noun

ὀξῠ́γονον • (oxŭ́gonon) n (genitive ὀξῠγόνου); second declension

ὀξῠ́γονον (canonical)
oxŭ́gonon (romanization)
ὀξῠγόνου (genitive)
τὸ ὀξῠ́γονον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠγόνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠ́γονᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀξῠγόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠγόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξῠγόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀξῠγόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξῠγόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀξῠγόνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀξῠ́γονον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξῠγόνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀξῠ́γονᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀξῠ́γονον (singular vocative)
ὀξῠγόνω (dual vocative)
ὀξῠ́γονᾰ (plural vocative)

From ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) + γόνος (gónos, “offspring”) + -ον (-on).

af

Ps.-Dsc. 4.64

round pricklyhead poppy (Papaver hybridum)


κάμμαρος

grc-noun

κᾰ́μμᾰρος • (kắmmăros) m (genitive κᾰμμᾰ́ρου); second declension

κᾰ́μμᾰρος (canonical)
kắmmăros (romanization)
κᾰμμᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ κᾰ́μμᾰρος (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰμμᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰ́μμᾰροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰμμᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰμμᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰμμᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰμμᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰμμᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰμμᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰ́μμᾰρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰμμᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰμμᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
κᾰ́μμᾰρε (singular vocative)
κᾰμμᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
κᾰ́μμᾰροι (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: cammarus
Italian: camarón
Italian: gambero
Occitan: chambre, gambre
Old French: jamble
Portuguese: camarão
Spanish: cámaro, cámbaro, camarón, gámbaro

From Pre-Greek. This term is potentially a cognate of Danish hummer, Old Norse humarr (“lobster”) (which is the source of French homard).

Ps.-Dsc. 3.73

Consolida ajacis
Consolida ajacis#Translingual

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual

(medicine) a kind of aconite (used as a cooling medicine)

larkspur, Consolida ajacis (syn. Delphinium ajacis)

Ps.-Dsc. 4.75


ἀντίρρινον

grc-noun

ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον • (antĭ́rrhīnon) n (genitive ἀντῐρρῑ́νου); second declension

ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (canonical)
antĭ́rrhīnon (romanization)
ἀντῐρρῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀντῐρρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀντῐρρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀντῐρρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀντῐρρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀντῐρρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀντῐρρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀντῐ́ρρῑνον (singular vocative)
ἀντῐρρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ἀντῐ́ρρῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: antirrhīnon

English: antirrhinum

Translingual: Antirrhinum

From ἀντῐ- (antĭ-, “instead of, counterfeit”) + ῥῑ́ς (rhī́s, “nose”) + -ον (-on).

af

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.19.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.130

Sch.Orib. 2.744

5th century CE

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antĭ́rrhīzon)

Hesychius Alexandreus

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antĭ́rrhīzon)

Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον

ἀντῐ́ρρῑζον (antĭ́rrhīzon)

calf's snout (Antirrhinum orontium, syn. Misopates orontium)


ἀνάρρινον

grc-noun

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον • (ănắrrhīnon) n (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου); second declension

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (canonical)
ănắrrhīnon (romanization)
ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνον (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓νᾰρρῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓νᾰ́ρρῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: anarrhīnon

Translingual: Anarrhinum

From ἀνᾰ- (ană-, “on, upon”) + ῥῑ́ς (rhī́s, “nose”) + -ον (-on).

af

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 925a.30

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 9.369b

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Fr. 84

Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativum#Translingual


ἐρέβινθος

grc-noun

ἐρέβῐνθος • (erébĭnthos) m (genitive ἐρεβῐ́νθου); second declension

ἐρέβῐνθος (canonical)
erébĭnthos (romanization)
ἐρεβῐ́νθου (genitive)
ὁ ἐρέβῐνθος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρεβῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρέβῐνθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρεβῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρεβῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρεβῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρεβῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρεβῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρεβῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρέβῐνθον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρεβῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρεβῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
ἐρέβῐνθε (singular vocative)
ἐρεβῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
ἐρέβῐνθοι (plural vocative)

Koine Greek: ἐρεβίνθιον (erebínthion)

Greek: ρεβίθι (revíthi)

Related to ὄροβος (órobos) with a Pre-Greek suffix. Other cognates are Proto-Germanic *arwīts and Latin ervum.


ὄρυζα

ὄρυζᾰ • (óruză) f (genitive ὀρύζης); first declension

ὄρυζᾰ (canonical)
óruză (romanization)
ὀρύζης (genitive)
ἡ ὄρυζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀρύζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄρυζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀρύζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀρύζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀρυζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀρύζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀρύζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀρύζαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄρυζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀρύζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀρύζᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄρυζᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀρύζᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄρυζαι (plural vocative)

Greek: όρυζα (óryza)

desctree

→ Arabic: رُزّ (ruzz), أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz), *رَوْز (*rawz)
Hijazi Arabic: رُز (ruzz)
Maltese: ross, rożż (obsolete)
→? Afar: rúddi (possibly from Amharic)
→ Amharic: ሩዝ (ruz)
→ Middle Armenian: ռուզ (ṙuz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: رز (rüz)
→ Middle Armenian: ըռուզ (əṙuz)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ارز (ürüz, erz)
Andalusian Arabic: روز (rawz)
→ Asturian: arroz
→ Old Galician-Portuguese:
Galician: arroz
Portuguese: arroz
→ Kaingang: aronh
→ Old Spanish: arroz
Spanish: arroz
→ Navajo: alóós
→ Ye'kwana: ado
Ladino: arroz
Moroccan Arabic: روز (rūz)
→ Tarifit: aṛṛuẓ
South Levantine Arabic: روز (rōz)

desc

→ Aramaic: אורז (ˀwrz /ˀŏroz/), ארוזא (ˀrwzˀ /ˀurŭzā/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܘܙܐ (ʾōrūzā)

→ Hebrew: אורז /אֹרֶז ('órez)

→ Latin: orīza, oryza, (Late Latin) risus

→ Bulgarian: ориз (oriz)

→ Macedonian: ориз (oriz)

→ Middle High German: rīs

German: Reis

→ Polish: ryż

→ Ukrainian: риж (ryž)

→ Latvian: rīss

→ Middle Low German: rīs

→ Old Norse: rís

Danish: ris

Faroese: rís

Icelandic: hrís

Norwegian Bokmål: ris

Norwegian Nynorsk: ris

Swedish: ris

→ Russian: рис (ris)

→ Italian: riso

→ Old French: ris

French: riz

→ Middle English: rys

English: rice

Tok Pisin: rais

→ Irish: rís

→ Translingual: Oryza

→ Laz: ორზა (orza)

→ Mingrelian: ორზა (orza), ორჷზა (orəza), ორიზა (oriza)

→ Old Armenian: որիզ (oriz)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wrinǰišder.
Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza)
A borrowing from an Eastern Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *wrinǰiš or *wriHǰíš; compare Pashto وريژې pl (wriže). See the Iranian forms listed at Old Persian *vrinjiš, especially those without the nasal infix, for more on the etymon.


κύτισος

grc-noun

κῠ́τῐσος • (kŭ́tĭsos) m or f (genitive κῠτῐ́σου); second declension

κῠ́τῐσος (canonical)
kŭ́tĭsos (romanization)
κῠτῐ́σου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠ́τῐσος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠτῐ́σω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠ́τῐσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠτῐ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠτῐ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠτῐ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠτῐ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠτῐ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠτῐ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠ́τῐσον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠτῐ́σω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠτῐ́σους (accusative plural)
κῠ́τῐσε (singular vocative)
κῠτῐ́σω (dual vocative)
κῠ́τῐσοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cytisus

→ Translingual: Cytisus

From Pre-Greek. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀳𐀰 (ku-te-so).

Medicago arborea
Medicago arborea#Translingual

tree medick, moon trefoil (Medicago arborea)


θρίψ

θρῑ́ψ • (thrī́ps) m (genitive θρῑπός); ? declension

θρῑ́ψ (canonical)
thrī́ps (romanization)
θρῑπός (genitive)
ὁ θρῑ́ψ (nominative singular)
τὼ θρῖπε (dual nominative)
οἱ θρῖπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρῑπός (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρῑποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρῑπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ θρῑπῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρῑποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρῑψῐ́ (dative plural)
θρῑψῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs thrīpsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν θρῖπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ θρῖπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρῖπᾰς (accusative plural)
θρῑ́ψ (singular vocative)
θρῖπε (dual vocative)
θρῖπες (plural vocative)

→ Dutch: trips

→ English: thrips

→ Latin: thrips

→ Russian: трипс (trips)

Beekes suggests Pre-Greek.; Liddell & Scott link it to τρίβω


κυνόμαζον

κῠνόμᾱζον • (kŭnómāzon) n (genitive κῠνομᾱ́ζου); second declension

κῠνόμᾱζον (canonical)
kŭnómāzon (romanization)
κῠνομᾱ́ζου (genitive)
τὸ κῠνόμᾱζον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠνομᾱ́ζω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠνόμᾱζᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠνομᾱ́ζου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνομᾱ́ζοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνομᾱ́ζων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠνομᾱ́ζῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνομᾱ́ζοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠνομᾱ́ζοις (dative plural)
τὸ κῠνόμᾱζον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠνομᾱ́ζω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠνόμᾱζᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠνόμᾱζον (singular vocative)
κῠνομᾱ́ζω (dual vocative)
κῠνόμᾱζᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cynomāzon

κῠ́ων (kŭ́ōn, “dog”, oblique stem: κῠν-, kun-) + μᾶζᾰ (mâză, “barley-cake”, “bread”)

compound

oblique stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κῠν-</i>, kun-

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 3.9

Apul., Herb. 110


πράσον

grc-noun

πρᾰ́σον • (prắson) n (genitive πρᾰ́σου); second declension

πρᾰ́σον (canonical)
prắson (romanization)
πρᾰ́σου (genitive)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (nominative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πρᾰ́σου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πρᾰ́σων (genitive plural)
τῷ πρᾰ́σῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πρᾰ́σοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πρᾰ́σοις (dative plural)
τὸ πρᾰ́σον (accusative singular)
τὼ πρᾰ́σω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πρᾰ́σᾰ (accusative plural)
πρᾰ́σον (singular vocative)
πρᾰ́σω (dual vocative)
πρᾰ́σᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: πράσο (práso), πράσσο n (prásso)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پراصه (prasa, pırasa), پراسه (prasa, pırasa)
Turkish: pırasa
→ Armenian: փըրասա (pʻərasa), փըռասա (pʻəṙasa)
→ Middle Armenian: փռասա (pʻṙasa)
→ Ladino: prasa

→ Coptic: ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (plassa)

desc

→ Laz: პრასკჲა (p̌rasǩya), პროსკჲა (p̌rosǩya), პრასა (p̌rasa), პრასკა (p̌rasǩa), პოსკჲა (p̌osǩya), პროსკა (p̌rosǩa), პასქია (p̌askia)

desctree

→ Mingrelian: პურასკია (ṗurasḳia), პურასქია (ṗuraskia)
→ Abkhaz: а-прасқьиа (a-pʼraskja)

→ Old Armenian: պրաս (pras), պրախ (prax), պրասխ (prasx), պարասխ (parasx)
Armenian: պրաս (pras)
Middle Armenian: պռաս (pṙas)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: прасъ (prasŭ), празъ (prazŭ)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: პრასაჲ (ṗrasay)
Georgian: პრასი (ṗrasi), პრასა (ṗrasa)
→ Bats: პრას (ṗras)
→ Ossetian: прасӕ (prasæ), праса (prasa)

→ Romanian: praz

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so- (“leek”), and connected with Latin porrum (“leek”) and Albanian presh. However, Beekes does not rule out a Pre-Greek origin due to its semantic category (vegetable names are usually derived from substrates in Indo-European languages).

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium porrum
Allium porrum#Translingual

leek, Allium ampeloprasum (syn. Allium porrum)


κυκλάμινος ἑτέρα

grc-noun

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ

κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ • (kŭklắmīnos hetérā) f (genitive κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς); second declension

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος ἑτέρᾱ (canonical)
kŭklắmīnos hetérā (romanization)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου ἑτέρᾱς (genitive)

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.165


κυκλάμινος

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος • (kŭklắmīnos) f or m (genitive κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου); second declension

κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος (canonical)
kŭklắmīnos (romanization)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κῠκλᾰ́μῑνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κῠκλᾰ́μῑνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κῠκλᾰ́μῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κῠκλᾰμῑ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠκλᾰ́μῑνε (singular vocative)
κῠκλᾰμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠκλᾰ́μῑνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cyclamīnos (see there for further descendants)

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 5.123

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.164

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.9.4

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.9.3

Orph., A. 917


σκώληξ

σκώληξ • (skṓlēx) m (genitive σκώληκος); third declension

skṓlēx (romanization)
σκώληκος (genitive)
ὁ σκώληξ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκώληκε (dual nominative)
οἱ σκώληκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκώληκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκωλήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκωλήκων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκώληκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκωλήκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκώληξῐ (dative plural)
σκώληξῐν (dative plural)
toîs skṓlēxĭ (dative plural)
toîs skṓlēxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν σκώληκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκώληκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκώληκᾰς (accusative plural)
σκώληξ (singular vocative)
σκώληκε (dual vocative)
σκώληκες (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: σκουλήκι (skoulíki), σκώληκας (skólikas)

English: scolex

Italian: scolice

Spanish: escólex

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to curve, bend”), like σκέλος (skélos, “leg”) and σκολιός (skoliós, “bent, crooked”). The suffix "-ηκ-" is also found in σφήξ (sphḗx, “wasp”) and μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


γυλιός

grc-noun

γῠλῐός • (gŭlĭós) m (genitive γῠλῐοῦ); second declension

γῠλῐός (canonical)
gŭlĭós (romanization)
γῠλῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γῠλῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ γῠλῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γῠλῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γῠλῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῠλῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῠλῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γῠλῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῠλῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γῠλῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γῠλῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γῠλῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γῠλῐούς (accusative plural)
γῠλῐέ (singular vocative)
γῠλῐώ (dual vocative)
γῠλῐοί (plural vocative)

Greek: γυλιός (gyliós)

Unknown. It has been compared with Old Norse kýll (“bag for victuals”) and Old High German kiulla (“bag”). Maybe related to γύαλον (gúalon, “hollow of a cuirass”). According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”).


κόϊξ

grc-noun

κόϊξ • (kóïx) m (genitive κόϊκος); third declension

kóïx (romanization)
κόϊκος (genitive)
ὁ κόϊξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόϊκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόϊκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόϊκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοΐκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοΐκων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόϊκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοΐκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόϊξῐ (dative plural)
κόϊξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kóïxĭ (dative plural)
toîs kóïxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κόϊκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόϊκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόϊκᾰς (accusative plural)
κόϊξ (singular vocative)
κόϊκε (dual vocative)
κόϊκες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Coix

Possibly related to σκοίκιον (skoíkion, “vessel, receptacle”), in which case it is from Pre-Greek.

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.10.5


δελφίς

δελφῑ́ς • (delphī́s) m (genitive δελφῖνος); third declension

δελφῑ́ς (canonical)
delphī́s (romanization)
δελφῖνος (genitive)
ὁ δελφῑ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ δελφῖνε (dual nominative)
οἱ δελφῖνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ δελφῖνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν δελφῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δελφῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ δελφῖνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν δελφῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δελφῖσῐ (dative plural)
δελφῖσῐν (dative plural)
toîs delphîsĭ (dative plural)
toîs delphîsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν δελφῖνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ δελφῖνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς δελφῖνᾰς (accusative plural)
δελφῑ́ς (singular vocative)
δελφῖνε (dual vocative)
δελφῖνες (plural vocative)

Greek: δελφίνι (delfíni)

desc

→ Arabic: دُلْفِين (dulfīn), دَرْفِيل (darfīl)

→ Latin: delphīnus (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Delphinus

→ Old East Slavic: делфи́съ (delfísŭ)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”), with formation similar to ἀκτίς (aktís), γλωχίς (glōkhís), and ὠδίς (ōdís), thus originally meaning "fish with a womb". Cognate with δελφύς (delphús, “womb”).


νευροειδές

grc-noun

νευροειδές • (neuroeidés) n (genitive νευροειδέος or νευροειδοῦς); third declension

neuroeidés (romanization)
νευροειδέος (genitive)
νευροειδοῦς (genitive)
τὸ νευροειδές (nominative singular)
τὼ νευροειδεῖ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νευροειδῆ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νευροειδοῦς (genitive singular)
τοῖν νευροειδοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν νευροειδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νευροειδεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν νευροειδοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς νευροειδέσῐ (dative plural)
νευροειδέσῐν (dative plural)
toîs neuroeidésĭ (dative plural)
toîs neuroeidésĭn (dative plural)
τὸ νευροειδές (accusative singular)
τὼ νευροειδεῖ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νευροειδῆ (accusative plural)
νευροειδές (singular vocative)
νευροειδεῖ (dual vocative)
νευροειδῆ (plural vocative)

Latin: neuroīdes

From νευροειδής (neuroeidḗs, “sinew-like”): as a noun, a substantivisation of its neuter forms; as an adjective, regularly declined forms.

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.16

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 20.72

Limonium vulgare
Wikispecies:Limonium vulgare

Statice limonium
Wikispecies:Statice limonium

sealavender or snakeweed (Limonium vulgare (syn. Statice limonium))


ἐρείκη

ἐρείκη • (ereíkē) f (genitive ἐρείκης); first declension

ereíkē (romanization)
ἐρείκης (genitive)
ἡ ἐρείκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρείκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐρεῖκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐρείκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρείκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρεικῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐρείκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρείκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐρείκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐρείκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρείκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐρείκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐρείκη (singular vocative)
ἐρείκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐρεῖκαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: erīcē

→ English: ericaceous

Translingual: Erica, Erica arborea

Probably from Proto-Hellenic *weréykā, with no clear Proto-Indo-European etymon. The similarity of Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vìržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”), Proto-Slavic *vȇrsъ, *vȇrskъ) have led Beekes and Matasović to support a common non-Indo-European substrate source. It is sometimes linked to Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to twist, turn”).

der

458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 295

446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, Collected Works 14.4

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 5.64

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.14.2

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.88

Erica arborea
Erica arborea#Translingual


γλωσσίς

grc-noun

γλωσσῐ́ς • (glōssĭ́s) f (genitive γλωσσῐ́δος); third declension

γλωσσῐ́ς (canonical)
glōssĭ́s (romanization)
γλωσσῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ γλωσσῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ γλωσσῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ γλωσσῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς γλωσσῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλωσσῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ γλωσσῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλωσσῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλωσσῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
γλωσσῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs glōssĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs glōssĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν γλωσσῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ γλωσσῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλωσσῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
γλωσσῐ́ς (singular vocative)
γλωσσῐ́δε (dual vocative)
γλωσσῐ́δες (plural vocative)

From γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue”) + -ις (-is, feminine noun suffix).


εὐώνυμος

grc-noun

εὐώνῠμος • (euṓnŭmos) f (genitive εὐωνῠ́μου); second declension

εὐώνῠμος (canonical)
euṓnŭmos (romanization)
εὐωνῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ εὐώνῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐωνῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ εὐώνῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ εὐωνῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐωνῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐωνῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ εὐωνῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐωνῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς εὐωνῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν εὐώνῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐωνῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς εὐωνῠ́μους (accusative plural)
εὐώνῠμε (singular vocative)
εὐωνῠ́μω (dual vocative)
εὐώνῠμοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Euonymus

From εὐ- (eu-, “well”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). Euphemistically refers to "left" because bad omens came from the left side.

af

Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus europaeus#Translingual


λειμώνιον

grc-noun

λειμώνῐον • (leimṓnĭon) n (genitive λειμωνῐ́ου); second declension

λειμώνῐον (canonical)
leimṓnĭon (romanization)
λειμωνῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ λειμώνῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λειμωνῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λειμώνῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λειμωνῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειμωνῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειμωνῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λειμωνῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειμωνῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λειμωνῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λειμώνῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λειμωνῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λειμώνῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λειμώνῐον (singular vocative)
λειμωνῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λειμώνῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lemonium

→ Translingual: Statice limonium

From λειμώνῐος (leimṓnĭos, “of a meadow”).

Statice limonium, sea lavender or snakeweed


ὕστριξ

ῠ̔́στρῐξ • (hŭ́strĭx) m or f (genitive ῠ̔́στρῐχος); third declension

ῠ̔́στρῐξ (canonical)
hŭ́strĭx (romanization)
ῠ̔́στρῐχος (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́στρῐξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́στρῐχε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́στρῐχες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́στρῐχος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔στρῐ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔στρῐ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́στρῐχῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔στρῐ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́στρῐξῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́στρῐξῐν (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́strĭxĭ (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́strĭxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́στρῐχᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́στρῐχε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́στρῐχᾰς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́στρῐξ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́στρῐχε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́στρῐχες (plural vocative)

Latin: hystrix

Italian: istrice

Translingual: Hystrix

Often analysed as ὗς (hûs, “swine”) + θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), or alternatively with the first element being the base of ῠ̔́στερος (hŭ́steros, “latter”). However, Beekes cites the nasalization seen in the variant genitive plural form ὑστρίγγων (hustríngōn) – as if from ὕστριγξ (hústrinx) – as proof of Pre-Greek origin.

Hystrix cristata
Wikispecies:Hystrix cristata


ἀνεμώνη

ἀνεμώνη • (anemṓnē) f (genitive ἀνεμώνης); first declension

anemṓnē (romanization)
ἀνεμώνης (genitive)
ἡ ἀνεμώνη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνεμώνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνεμῶναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνεμώνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνεμώναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνεμωνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνεμώνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνεμώναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνεμώναις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνεμώνην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνεμώνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνεμώνᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀνεμώνη (singular vocative)
ἀνεμώνᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀνεμῶναι (plural vocative)

Greek: ανεμώνη (anemóni)

→ Latin: anemōnē

English: anemone

Translingual: Anemone

Apparently from ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”) + -ώνη (-ṓnē, feminine patronymic suffix).
Alternatively, from a Phoenician source, akin to Arabic شَقَائِق اَلنُّعْمَان (šaqāʔiq an-nuʕmān, “anemones”) and Hebrew (Isaiah Scroll) נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים (nit'ei na'amanim, “plants of pleasantness”).

cog

شَقَائِق اَلنُّعْمَان

Anemone blanda
Wikispecies:Anemone blanda

(ἀνεμώνη ὀρεία, mountain anemone) Greek anemone (Anemone blanda)


μηλοπέπων

grc-noun

μηλοπέπων • (mēlopépōn) m (genitive μηλοπέπονος); third declension

mēlopépōn (romanization)
μηλοπέπονος (genitive)
ὁ μηλοπέπων (nominative singular)
οἱ μηλοπέπονες (nominative plural)
τοῦ μηλοπέπονος (genitive singular)
τῶν μηλοπεπόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ μηλοπέπονῐ (dative singular)
τοῖς μηλοπέποσῐ (dative plural)
μηλοπέποσῐν (dative plural)
toîs mēlopéposĭ (dative plural)
toîs mēlopéposĭn (dative plural)
τὸν μηλοπέπονᾰ (accusative singular)
τοὺς μηλοπέπονᾰς (accusative plural)
μηλοπέπον (singular vocative)
μηλοπέπονες (plural vocative)

desc

Aramaic: מלפפון, מילפפון

Aramaic: מלפפון, מילפפון

Classical Syriac: ܡܠܦܘܢܐ

→ Hebrew: מְלָפְפוֹן (məlap̱əp̱ṓn)

→ Hebrew: מְלָפְפוֹן (məlap̱əp̱ṓn)

→⇒ Old Armenian: մեղրապոպ (mełrapop)

→ Old Georgian: მელსაპეპონი (melsaṗeṗoni), მელსაპეპო (melsaṗeṗo), მელასპეპო (melasṗeṗo)

→ Latin: mēlopepō

desctree

⇒ Late Latin: mēlō
Asturian: melón
Catalan: meló
Old French: melon
→ Middle Dutch: melone
Afrikaans: meloen
Dutch: meloen
→ Middle English: mē̆loun, melon, milon
→ English: melon, mellon
→ Japanese: メロン
→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)
→ Welsh: melon
French: melon
Norman: m'lon
Galician: melón
Italian: melone, mellone (dialectal)
→ German: Melone
→ Hunsrik: Mëlon
Occitan: melon
Piedmontese: mëlon, mlon
Portuguese: melão
Romagnol: mlon, mlôn, mlōn
Sicilian: miluni
Spanish: melón

→ Irish: mealbhacán

μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; tree fruit”) + πέπων (pépōn, “cooked by the sun, ripe; mellow”)

affix

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.566

320 CE – 403 CE, Oribasius, Collected Works 10.20.4

Mich., in PN 81.8


λάμια

grc-noun

λᾰ́μῐᾰ • (lắmĭă) f (genitive λᾰμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

λᾰ́μῐᾰ (canonical)
lắmĭă (romanization)
λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ λᾰ́μῐᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ λᾰ́μῐαι (nominative plural)
τῆς λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰμῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰμῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ λᾰμῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰμῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λᾰμῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν λᾰ́μῐᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λᾰμῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
λᾰ́μῐᾰ (singular vocative)
λᾰμῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
λᾰ́μῐαι (plural vocative)

Latin: lamia

Possible connection with λαιμός (laimós, “throat, gullet”).

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.5

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.727

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 9.78


ἀσφόδελος

ἀσφόδελος • (asphódelos) m (genitive ἀσφόδελου); second declension

asphódelos (romanization)
ἀσφόδελου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσφόδελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσφοδέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσφόδελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσφοδέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσφοδέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσφοδέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσφοδέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσφοδέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσφοδέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσφόδελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσφοδέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσφοδέλους (accusative plural)
ἀσφόδελε (singular vocative)
ἀσφοδέλω (dual vocative)
ἀσφόδελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: ασφοδίλι (asfodíli)

→ English: asphodel

desctree

→ Latin: asphodelus
Medieval Latin: affodillus
→ Middle English: affodill
English: daffodil
Catalan: asfòdel
French: asphodèle
Galician: asfódelo
Italian: asfodelo
Occitan: asfodèl
Portuguese: asfódelo
Spanish: asfódelo
→ Translingual: Asphodelus

Borrowed Pre-Greek word, as is shown by the variants. Furnée further compares σφονδύλιον (sphondúlion), which would show pre-nasalization. A speculative attempt by Biraud, who finds the same suffix in στυφελός (stuphelós), ζάφελος (záphelos) and ῥάκελος (rhákelos).

Asphodelus ramosus
Asphodelus ramosus#Translingual


κάλυξ

grc-noun

κᾰ́λῠξ • (kắlŭx) f or m (genitive κᾰ́λῠκος); third declension

κᾰ́λῠξ (canonical)
kắlŭx (romanization)
κᾰ́λῠκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ κᾰ́λῠκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰλῠ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ κᾰ́λῠκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς κᾰ́λῠξῐ (dative plural)
κᾰ́λῠξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs kắlŭxĭ (dative plural)
taîs kắlŭxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν κᾰ́λῠκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λῠκᾰς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́λῠξ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́λῠκε (dual vocative)
κᾰ́λῠκες (plural vocative)

Greek: κάλυκας (kálykas)

desctree

→ Latin: calyx
→ English: calyx
→ Galician: cáliz
→ Portuguese: cálice
→ Spanish: cáliz

Perhaps related to καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), despite the difference in the final consonant. The expected form would be *κάλυψ (*kálups). Ultimately probably from Pre-Greek, perhaps related to Sumerian 𒃲(GAL).

Anchusa tinctoria
Wikispecies:Anchusa tinctoria

Alkanna matthioli
Wikispecies:Alkanna matthioli

The alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria, now Alkanna matthioli)


ὕραξ

grc-noun

ῠ̔́ρᾰξ • (hŭ́răx) m (genitive ῠ̔́ρᾰκος); third declension

ῠ̔́ρᾰξ (canonical)
hŭ́răx (romanization)
ῠ̔́ρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔́ρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́ρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔́ρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔́ρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔́ρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔́ρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ῠ̔́ρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́răxĭ (dative plural)
toîs hŭ́răxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔́ρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔́ρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔́ρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔́ρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ῠ̔́ρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: ύρακας (ýrakas)

→ Translingual: Hyrax

Judging by the -αξ ending, Pre-Greek. Latin sorex is probably from the same source (with a structure *sVr-Vk-).

shrewmouse (mammal of the family Soricidae)


ῥάμνος

ῥᾰ́μνος • (rhắmnos) f (genitive ῥᾰ́μνου); second declension

ῥᾰ́μνος (canonical)
rhắmnos (romanization)
ῥᾰ́μνου (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾰ́μνος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́μνω (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾰ́μνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾰ́μνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰ́μνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾰ́μνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾰ́μνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾰ́μνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾰ́μνοις (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾰ́μνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾰ́μνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰ́μνους (accusative plural)
ῥᾰ́μνε (singular vocative)
ῥᾰ́μνω (dual vocative)
ῥᾰ́μνοι (plural vocative)

The word may belong with ῥάβδος (rhábdos, “rod, wand”) and cognates. According to Beekes, it is quite probable a Pre-Greek word.

(botany) stone buckthorn (Rhamnus graeca, now Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca)

(botany) black buckthorn (Rhamnus oleoides, now Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides)


μύξα

μῠ́ξᾰ • (mŭ́xă) n pl (genitive μῠ́ξων); second declension

μῠ́ξᾰ (canonical)
mŭ́xă (romanization)
μῠ́ξων (genitive)
τᾰ̀ μῠ́ξᾰ (nominative plural)
τῶν μῠ́ξων (genitive plural)
τοῖς μῠ́ξοις (dative plural)
τᾰ̀ μῠ́ξᾰ (accusative plural)
μῠ́ξᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myxa

The origin is unknown. Compare Armenian մամուխ (mamux, “sloe”).

unk

unknown


πορφύρα

grc-noun

πορφῠ́ρᾱ • (porphŭ́rā) f (genitive πορφῠ́ρᾱς); first declension

πορφῠ́ρᾱ (canonical)
porphŭ́rā (romanization)
πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πορφῠ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πορφῠρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πορφῠ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πορφῠ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πορφῠ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν πορφῠ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πορφῠ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πορφῠ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
πορφῠ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
πορφῠ́ραι (plural vocative)

Greek: πορφύρα (porfýra)

→ Latin: purpura (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Porphyra

Traditionally derived from πορφύρω (porphúrō, “I redden”), itself related to φύρω (phúrō, “I mix”), Hittite 𒁍𒊒𒌓 (purut, “mud, soil”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhuráti, “have convulsions, sprawl”). However, Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the absence of connections in other Indo-European languages.


καρδάμωμον

grc-noun

καρδάμωμον • (kardámōmon) n (genitive καρδαμώμου); second declension

kardámōmon (romanization)
καρδαμώμου (genitive)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (nominative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ καρδαμώμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καρδαμώμων (genitive plural)
τῷ καρδαμώμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καρδαμώμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καρδαμώμοις (dative plural)
τὸ καρδάμωμον (accusative singular)
τὼ καρδαμώμω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ καρδάμωμᾰ (accusative plural)
καρδάμωμον (singular vocative)
καρδαμώμω (dual vocative)
καρδάμωμᾰ (plural vocative)

Blend of κάρδαμον (kárdamon) + ἄμωμον (ámōmon).


ὕσσωπος

grc-noun

ὕσσωπος • (hússōpos) f (genitive ὑσσώπου); second declension

hússōpos (romanization)
ὑσσώπου (genitive)
ἡ ὕσσωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὕσσωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑσσώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑσσώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑσσώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑσσώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑσσώποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑσσώποις (dative plural)
τὴν ὕσσωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑσσώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑσσώπους (accusative plural)
ὕσσωπε (singular vocative)
ὑσσώπω (dual vocative)
ὕσσωποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ύσσωπος (ýssopos)

→ Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܣܘܦܘܣ

→ Gothic: 𐌷𐍅𐍃𐍃𐍉𐍀𐍉𐌽 (hwssōpōn)

desctree

→ Latin: hȳsōpum
Medieval Latin: hȳsōpus
→ Catalan: hisop
→ Old French: ysope
French: hysope
→ Italian: issopo
→ Occitan: isòp
→ Portuguese: hissopo
→ Spanish: hisopo
→ Old English: ȳsōpe
Middle English: īsōpe
English: hyssop
→ Czech: yzop
→ Old High German: hysop
Old High German: isopo, isipo
Middle High German: isôpe, ysôpe
German: Isope, Ysope, Ysop
Piedmontese: issòp, isòp
→ Polish: hyzop
→ Slovak: yzop

→ Romanian: isop

→ Russian: иссо́п (issóp)

From some Semitic source. Compare Akkadian 𒍪𒌑𒁍 (/zūpu/), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic אֵיזוֹבָא (ʾēzôḇa), Hebrew אֵזוֹב (ʾēzṓḇ), Classical Syriac ܙܘܦܐ (zōṗā).

cog

Hebrew אֵזוֹב (ʾēzṓḇ)


στοιχάς

grc-noun

στοιχᾰ́ς • (stoikhắs) f (genitive στοιχᾰ́δος); third declension

στοιχᾰ́ς (canonical)
stoikhắs (romanization)
στοιχᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ στοιχᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ στοιχᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ στοιχᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς στοιχᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στοιχᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στοιχᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ στοιχᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στοιχᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς στοιχᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
στοιχᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs stoikhắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs stoikhắsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν στοιχᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στοιχᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στοιχᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
στοιχᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
στοιχᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
στοιχᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

desctree

أُسْطُوخُودُوس

→ Arabic: أُسْطُوخُودُوس (ʔusṭūḵūdūs), أُسْطُوخُودُس (ʔusṭūḵūdus), أُسْطُخُودُس (ʔusṭuḵūdus) — rare, أُسْطُوخُوذُوس (ʔusṭūḵūḏūs), أُسْطُوخُوذُس (ʔusṭūḵūḏus)
→ Medieval Latin: sticadus, stichados, astuchudes, astochados, sticados
→ Old Catalan: esticados, asticadus, esticadus
→ Persian: اسطوخودوس (ustuxudus), اسطوخودس (ustuxudos)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: उस्तखुदूस (ustakhudūs)
Urdu: اسطوخودوس (ustūxūdūs)

Orph., Arg. 916

Diosc. 3.31

Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas#Translingual


πόα

grc-noun

πόᾰ • (póă) f (genitive ποᾱς); first declension

πόᾰ (canonical)
póă (romanization)
ποᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πόᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πόᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πόαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πόᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πόᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πόαις (dative plural)
τὴν πόᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πόᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πόᾱς (accusative plural)
πόᾰ (singular vocative)
πόᾱ (dual vocative)
πόαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόα (póa)

→ Latin: hermūpoa

→ Translingual: Poa

From Proto-Hellenic *póiwā, from Proto-Indo-European *póyH-weh₂, from *peyH-. Cognate with Lithuanian pieva (“meadow”).


φάσσα

φᾰ́σσᾰ • (phắssă) f (genitive φᾰ́σσης); first declension

φᾰ́σσᾰ (canonical)
phắssă (romanization)
φᾰ́σσης (genitive)
ἡ φᾰ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ φᾰ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς φᾰ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ φᾰ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς φᾰ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν φᾰ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
φᾰ́σσαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


πάπραξ

πᾰ́πρᾰξ • (pắprăx) m (genitive πᾰ́πρᾰκος); third declension

πᾰ́πρᾰξ (canonical)
pắprăx (romanization)
πᾰ́πρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́πρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́πρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́πρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́πρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰπρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰπρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́πρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰπρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́πρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́πρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs pắprăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs pắprăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́πρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́πρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́πρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́πρᾰξ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́πρᾰκε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́πρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Has been connected with πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”) and περκνός (perknós, “spotted”), or explained as onomatopoeic after the supposed sound of the fish. According to Beekes, the word may be of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the suffix.


πόθος

πόθος • (póthos) m (genitive πόθου); second declension

póthos (romanization)
πόθου (genitive)
ὁ πόθος (nominative singular)
τὼ πόθω (dual nominative)
οἱ πόθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ πόθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν πόθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πόθων (genitive plural)
τῷ πόθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πόθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πόθοις (dative plural)
τὸν πόθον (accusative singular)
τὼ πόθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς πόθους (accusative plural)
πόθε (singular vocative)
πόθω (dual vocative)
πόθοι (plural vocative)

Greek: πόθος (póthos)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ- (“to request, pray, ask for”). Cognate with English bid (“to invite, command”), Sanskrit गाध (gādha, “desire, cupidity”).

cognate

larkspur (Consolida ajacis, syn. Delphinium ajacis)


πέπερι

head

πέπερι • (péperi) n (genitive πεπέρεως or πεπέριος, diminutive πεπέριον)

péperi (romanization)
πεπέρεως (genitive)
πεπέριος (genitive)
πεπέριον (diminutive)
τὸ πεπέρῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ πεπέρει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πεπέρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πεπέρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν πεπερέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πεπέρεων (genitive plural)
τῷ πεπέρει (dative singular)
τοῖν πεπερέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πεπέρεσῐ (dative plural)
πεπέρεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pepéresĭ (dative plural)
toîs pepéresĭn (dative plural)
τὸ πεπέρῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ πεπέρει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πεπέρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
πεπέρῐ (singular vocative)
πεπέρει (dual vocative)
πεπέρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: πιπέρι (pipéri) (see there for further descendants); πιπεριά (piperiá)

Mariupol Greek: пипе́р (pipjér)

→ Latin: piper (see there for further descendants)

⇒ New Latin: peperomia

From an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).

cog

(specifically) black pepper (Piper nigrum)


γλυκύρριζα

grc-noun

γλυκύρριζα • (glukúrrhiza) f (genitive γλυκυρρίζης); first declension

glukúrrhiza (romanization)
γλυκυρρίζης (genitive)
ἡ γλυκύρρῑζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλυκυρρῑ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλυκύρρῑζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλυκυρρῑ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλυκυρρῑ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλυκυρρῑζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλυκυρρῑ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλυκυρρῑ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλυκυρρῑ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν γλυκύρρῑζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλυκυρρῑ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλυκυρρῑ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
γλυκύρρῑζᾰ (singular vocative)
γλυκυρρῑ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
γλυκύρρῑζαι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: glycyrrhiza
⇒ Late Latin: liquiritia
Catalan: regalèssia
Old French: licoresse (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: liquirizia
Sicilian: rigulizzia
→ Translingual: Glycyrrhiza

Greek: γλυκόριζα (glykóriza)

From γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”) + ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”).

Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra#Translingual


ἱέραξ

grc-noun

ἱέρᾱξ • (hiérāx) m (genitive ἱέρᾱκος); third declension

ἱέρᾱξ (canonical)
hiérāx (romanization)
ἱέρᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ ἱέρᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἱέρᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἱέρᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἱέρᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἱερᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἱερᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἱέρᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἱερᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἱέρᾱξῐ (dative plural)
ἱέρᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs hiérāxĭ (dative plural)
toîs hiérāxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἱέρᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἱέρᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἱέρᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἱέρᾱξ (singular vocative)
ἱέρᾱκε (dual vocative)
ἱέρᾱκες (plural vocative)

Greek: ιέρακας (iérakas)

Ancient Greek: Ιέραξ (Iérax)

Latin: Ierax

Italian: Giraci, Geraci, Gerace

Sicilian: Jiraci

From Proto-Hellenic *ϝῑρᾱξ, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁rós (“hunter; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”), assuming an older Greek form *ϝῑρᾱξ (*wīrāx), with possible contamination from folk-etymological association with ἱερός (hierós, “holy, divine”).

der

name for a grade of initiates in Mithras worship


τέττιξ

grc-noun

τέττῑξ • (téttīx) m (genitive τέττῑγος or τέττῑκος); third declension

τέττῑξ (canonical)
téttīx (romanization)
τέττῑγος (genitive)
τέττῑκος (genitive)
ὁ τέττῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τέττῑγε (dual nominative)
οἱ τέττῑγες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέττῑγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεττῑ́γοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεττῑ́γων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέττῑγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεττῑ́γοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέττῑξῐ (dative plural)
τέττῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs téttīxĭ (dative plural)
toîs téttīxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν τέττῑγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέττῑγε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τέττῑγᾰς (accusative plural)
τέττῑξ (singular vocative)
τέττῑγε (dual vocative)
τέττῑγες (plural vocative)
ὁ τέττῑξ (nominative singular)
τὼ τέττῑκε (dual nominative)
οἱ τέττῑκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ τέττῑκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τεττῑ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τεττῑ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ τέττῑκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τεττῑ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τέττῑξῐ (dative plural)
τέττῑξῐν (dative plural)
toîs téttīxĭ (dative plural)
toîs téttīxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν τέττῑκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τέττῑκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς τέττῑκᾰς (accusative plural)
τέττῑξ (singular vocative)
τέττῑκε (dual vocative)
τέττῑκες (plural vocative)

English: tettix

Greek: τζίτζικας (tzítzikas)

Onomatopoeic of the cicada's chirping noises, like τιτίζω (titízō).

Asius, Fr.Ep. 13.5

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.6

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 12.512c

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 984

423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 980

Michel 832.51

a gold ornament worn in the hair, especially in early Attica


λειχήν

λειχήν • (leikhḗn) m (genitive λειχῆνος); third declension

leikhḗn (romanization)
λειχῆνος (genitive)
ὁ λειχήν (nominative singular)
τὼ λειχῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ λειχῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λειχῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λειχήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λειχήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ λειχῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λειχήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λειχῆσῐ (dative plural)
λειχῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs leikhêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs leikhêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν λειχῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λειχῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λειχῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
λειχήν (singular vocative)
λειχῆνε (dual vocative)
λειχῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: λειχήνα (leichína)

→ Latin: līchēn

From λείχω (leíkhō, “to lick”), derived with the meaning “the one who licks”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”).

458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 281

460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 3.20

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Sweat 14

300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Leviticus 21.20

129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 14.75

400 CE – 600 CE, Aëtius, Sixteen Books on Medicine 8.16

Lichen-like disease affecting the skin of animals; sycosis


κοκκοθραύστης

κοκκοθραύστου

κοκκοθραύστης • (kokkothraústēs) m (genitive κοκκοθραύστου); first declension

kokkothraústēs (romanization)
κοκκοθραύστου (genitive)
ὁ κοκκοθραύστης (nominative singular)
τὼ κοκκοθραύστᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κοκκοθραῦσται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοκκοθραύστου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοκκοθραύσταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοκκοθραυστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κοκκοθραύστῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοκκοθραύσταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοκκοθραύσταις (dative plural)
τὸν κοκκοθραύστην (accusative singular)
τὼ κοκκοθραύστᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοκκοθραύστᾱς (accusative plural)
κοκκοθραῦστᾰ (singular vocative)
κοκκοθραύστᾱ (dual vocative)
κοκκοθραῦσται (plural vocative)

grc-decl

κοκκοθραύστης

κοκκοθραύστου

Latin: coccothraustēs

κόκκος (kókkos, “kernel”) + θραύστης (thraústēs, “one who breaks or crushes”)

compound

(meaning uncertain) perhaps the grosbeak (glossed «ὄρνις ποιός» by Hesychius)


τάρανδος

grc-noun

τάρανδος • (tárandos) m (genitive τᾰράνδου); second declension

tárandos (romanization)
τᾰράνδου (genitive)
ὁ τάρανδος (nominative singular)
τὼ ταράνδω (dual nominative)
οἱ τάρανδοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ταράνδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ταράνδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ταράνδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ταράνδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ταράνδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ταράνδοις (dative plural)
τὸν τάρανδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ταράνδω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ταράνδους (accusative plural)
τάρανδε (singular vocative)
ταράνδω (dual vocative)
τάρανδοι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: τάρανδος (tárandos)

→ Latin: tarandus

Unknown. Isebaert suggests the term is borrowed from Scythian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”), however the expected outcome in contemporary Proto-Sarmatian would likely be *sarand(ar), not **θaran-tara-, as he reconstructs. Alternatively borrowed from Proto-Finno-Ugric *šardo, *šardō, *šordō. There doesn't appear to be any link to Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros).


κυνίδιον

κῠνῐ́δῐον • (kŭnĭ́dĭon) n (genitive κῠνῐδῐ́ου); second declension

κῠνῐ́δῐον (canonical)
kŭnĭ́dĭon (romanization)
κῠνῐδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κῠνῐ́δῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠνῐδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠνῐ́δῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠνῐδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠνῐδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠνῐδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠνῐδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠνῐδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠνῐδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κῠνῐ́δῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠνῐδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠνῐ́δῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠνῐ́δῐον (singular vocative)
κῠνῐδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κῠνῐ́δῐᾰ (plural vocative)

From κῠ́ων (kŭ́ōn, stem: κῠν- (kŭn-)) + -ῐ́δῐον (-ĭ́dĭon).

af

stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κῠν-</i> (kŭn-)

446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 542

380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 298e

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 13.8

110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Frank Criticism 10.O.

446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, Collected Works 207

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1406b.28


δρακόντιον

grc-noun

δρᾰκόντῐον • (drăkóntĭon) n (genitive δρᾰκοντῐ́ου); second declension

δρᾰκόντῐον (canonical)
drăkóntĭon (romanization)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ δρᾰκόντῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δρᾰκόντῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρᾰκοντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκοντῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρᾰκοντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρᾰκοντῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ δρᾰκόντῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δρᾰκόντῐᾰ (accusative plural)
δρᾰκόντῐον (singular vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ω (dual vocative)
δρᾰκόντῐᾰ (plural vocative)

δρᾰ́κων (drắkōn, oblique stem: δρᾰκοντ-, drakont-) + -ῐον (-ĭon)

suffix

oblique stem: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δρᾰκοντ-</i>, drakont-

Dracunculus vulgaris
Dracunculus vulgaris#Translingual

dragonwort, edder-wort (Dracunculus vulgaris)


δρακοντία

grc-noun

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ • (drăkontĭ́ā) f (genitive δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς); first declension

δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
drăkontĭ́ā (romanization)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρᾰκοντῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρᾰκοντῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δρᾰκοντῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
δρᾰκοντῐ́αι (plural vocative)

Possibly a feminine derivative of δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

(botany) a plant within the family Araceae


νάρκισσος

νάρκισσος • (nárkissos) m or f (genitive ναρκίσσου); second declension

nárkissos (romanization)
ναρκίσσου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ νάρκισσος (nominative singular)
τὼ ναρκίσσω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ νάρκισσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ναρκίσσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ναρκίσσων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ναρκίσσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ναρκίσσοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν νάρκισσον (accusative singular)
τὼ ναρκίσσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ναρκίσσους (accusative plural)
νάρκισσε (singular vocative)
ναρκίσσω (dual vocative)
νάρκισσοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)

→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)

→ Latin: narcissus (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /nargis/)

→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis) (see there for further descendants)

Persian: نرگس (narges) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)

According to Beekes, the suffix clearly points to a Pre-Greek word. The connection with νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) is due to folk etymology.


κέρκος

grc-noun

κέρκος • (kérkos) f (genitive κέρκου); second declension

kérkos (romanization)
κέρκου (genitive)
ἡ κέρκος (nominative singular)
τὼ κέρκω (dual nominative)
αἱ κέρκοι (nominative plural)
τῆς κέρκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κέρκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κέρκων (genitive plural)
τῇ κέρκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κέρκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κέρκοις (dative plural)
τὴν κέρκον (accusative singular)
τὼ κέρκω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κέρκους (accusative plural)
κέρκε (singular vocative)
κέρκω (dual vocative)
κέρκοι (plural vocative)

Translingual: ?Cercomacra, Cercopithecus, ?Onchocerca, Ptilocercus (generic names)

English: cysticercus

→ Latin: cercus (New Latin)

→ English: cercus

Of Pre-Greek origin. Compare κερκίς (kerkís).

5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον

a small animal that attacks grapevines
Synonym of ἀλεκτρυών (alektruṓn)

ScriptOr 259.21

VAndR e.69E

(Byzantine) a burin (a chisel-like tool used for engraving)


κηφήν

κηφήν • (kēphḗn) m (genitive κηφῆνος); third declension

kēphḗn (romanization)
κηφῆνος (genitive)
ὁ κηφήν (nominative singular)
τὼ κηφῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κηφῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κηφῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηφήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηφήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κηφῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηφήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κηφῆσῐ (dative plural)
κηφῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kēphêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs kēphêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κηφῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κηφῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κηφῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
κηφήν (singular vocative)
κηφῆνε (dual vocative)
κηφῆνες (plural vocative)

Greek: κηφήνας (kifínas)

Latin: cēphēnes

/kɛː.pʰɛ̌ːn/

/kɛː.pʰɛ̌ːn/

Perhaps from Pre-Greek. Previously related to κωφός (kōphós, “dumb, deaf”).

342 BCE – 291 BCE, Diphilus, Collected Works 126.7

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 553b.5

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 624b.12


ἠλακατήν

ἠλᾰκᾰτήν • (ēlăkătḗn) m (genitive ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος); third declension

ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (canonical)
ēlăkătḗn (romanization)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος (genitive)
ὁ ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἠλᾰκᾰτήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἠλᾰκᾰτῆσῐ (dative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆσῐν (dative plural)
toîs ēlăkătêsĭ (dative plural)
toîs ēlăkătêsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἠλᾰκᾰτήν (singular vocative)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνε (dual vocative)
ἠλᾰκᾰτῆνες (plural vocative)

Latin: ēlacatēn

suffix

ἠλᾰκᾰ́τη (ēlăkắtē) + -ήν (-ḗn)

342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Kol.Fr. 7

400 BCE – 300 BCE, Mnesimachus, Collected Works 4.35

Mnaseas 33

Τὰ εἰς ην ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς χαίρουσι τῇ ὀξείᾳ οἷον ἀτταγήν, κορδυλήν, μαριθήν, δοθιήν, ἠλακατήνὄνομα ἰχθύος κητώδους καὶ κύριον.

AD 2nd C., Aelius Herodianus (aut.), Augustus Lentz (ed.), Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας in Grammatici Graeci III: Herodiani technici reliquiae I: Praefationem et Herodiani Prosodiam catholicam continens (1867), bk i, p. 16, ll. 6–8

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Tà eis ēn hupèr dúo sullabàs khaírousi têi oxeíāi hoîon attagḗn, kordulḗn, marithḗn, dothiḗn, ēlakatḗnónoma ikhthúos kētṓdous kaì kúrion.

(usually in the plural) a large sea-fish, probably a kind of tunny


Δρυάς

grc-noun

Δρῠᾰ́ς • (Drŭắs) f (genitive Δρῠᾰ́δος); third declension

Δρῠᾰ́ς (canonical)
Drŭắs (romanization)
Δρῠᾰ́δος (genitive)
ἡ Δρῠᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ Δρῠᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ Δρῠᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς Δρῠᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν Δρῠᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Δρῠᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ Δρῠᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν Δρῠᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Δρῠᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
Δρῠᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs Drŭắsĭ (dative plural)
taîs Drŭắsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν Δρῠᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ Δρῠᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Δρῠᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
Δρῠᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
Δρῠᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
Δρῠᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Latin: Dryas

Meth., Res. 2.9.347


βασσάρα

βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ • (băssắrā) f (genitive βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension

βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (canonical)
băssắrā (romanization)
βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰσσᾰ́ραι (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσσᾰ́ραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσσᾰρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσσᾰ́ραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰσσᾰ́ραις (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (singular vocative)
βᾰσσᾰ́ρᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰσσᾰ́ραι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁϣⲟⲣ (bašor), ⲃⲁϣⲁⲣ (bašar)

→ New Latin: bassariscus

Herodotus calls the word Libyan, which seems supported by the etymological connection with Coptic ⲃⲁϣⲁⲣ (bašar); Černý, however, regards the Coptic as a loanword from Greek. Szemerényi further tries to maintain the connection with Hittite [script needed] (u̯aššuu̯ar, “clothing”), rightly rejected by Neumann.

cog

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual

dress of Thracian bacchanals, made of fox skins


νυκτερίς

grc-noun

νῠκτερῐ́ς • (nŭkterĭ́s) f (genitive νῠκτερῐ́δος); third declension

νῠκτερῐ́ς (canonical)
nŭkterĭ́s (romanization)
νῠκτερῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ νῠκτερῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ νῠκτερῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠκτερῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠκτερῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νῠκτερῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νῠκτερῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠκτερῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νῠκτερῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠκτερῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
νῠκτερῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs nŭkterĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs nŭkterĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν νῠκτερῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νῠκτερῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠκτερῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
νῠκτερῐ́ς (singular vocative)
νῠκτερῐ́δε (dual vocative)
νῠκτερῐ́δες (plural vocative)

Greek: νυχτερίδα (nychterída)

From νῠ́κτερος (nŭ́kteros, “nocturnal”), from νῠ́ξ (nŭ́x, “night”).


κῆρυξ

κῆρῠξ • (kêrŭx) m (genitive κήρῡκος); third declension

κῆρῠξ (canonical)
kêrŭx (romanization)
κήρῡκος (genitive)
ὁ κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
οἱ κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρῡ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxĭ (dative plural)
toîs kḗrūxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)
κῆρῠξ (nominative singular)
κήρῡκε (dual nominative)
κήρῡκες (nominative plural)
κήρῡκος (genitive singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dual genitive)
κηρῡ́κων (genitive plural)
κήρῡκῐ (dative singular)
κηρῡ́κοιῐν (dative dual)
κήρῡξῐ (dative plural)
κήρῡξῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσσῐν (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐ (dative plural)
κηρῡ́κεσῐν (dative plural)
kḗrūxĭ (dative plural)
kḗrūxĭn (dative plural)
kērū́kessĭ (dative plural)
kērū́kessĭn (dative plural)
kērū́kesĭ (dative plural)
kērū́kesĭn (dative plural)
κήρῡκᾰ (accusative singular)
κήρῡκε (accusative dual)
κήρῡκᾰς (accusative plural)
κῆρῠξ (singular vocative)
κήρῡκε (dual vocative)
κήρῡκες (plural vocative)

By the long -ύ- and enlarged -κ-, suggested by Beekes to be a Pre-Greek word, but for Bernal this is from Egyptian qꜣ ḫrw (“loud voice”), both rejecting the frequent comparison to Sanskrit कारु (kāru, “singer, poet”).


ἐπιβάλλον

ἐπῐβᾰ́λλον • (epĭbắllon) n (genitive ἐπῐβᾰ́λλου); second declension

ἐπῐβᾰ́λλον (canonical)
epĭbắllon (romanization)
ἐπῐβᾰ́λλου (genitive)
τὸ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐβᾰ́λλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐπῐβᾰ́λλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐπῐβᾰ́λλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐπῐβᾰ́λλοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐπῐβᾰ́λλᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐπῐβᾰ́λλον (singular vocative)
ἐπῐβᾰ́λλω (dual vocative)
ἐπῐβᾰ́λλᾰ (plural vocative)

a kind of ephemeron (short-lived insect)


βάλλις

βᾰ́λλῐς • (bắllĭs) f (genitive βᾰ́λλεως or βᾰ́λλιθος); third declension

βᾰ́λλῐς (canonical)
bắllĭs (romanization)
βᾰ́λλεως (genitive)
βᾰ́λλιθος (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́λλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́λλει (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰ́λλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰ́λλεως (genitive singular)
βᾰ́λλιθος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰ́λλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰ́λλει (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰ́λλεσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰ́λλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bắllesĭ (dative plural)
taîs bắllesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰ́λλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰ́λλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰ́λλεις (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λλῐ (singular vocative)
βᾰ́λλει (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λλεις (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βᾰ́λλεως/βᾰ́λλιθος

Depending on the exact medicinal properties possibly related to βᾰ́λλω (bắllō, “to throw; to strike; to tumble”). In Dioskurides it is given as another name of the squirting cucumber. Depending on the exterior appearance it can also be from βαλιός (baliós, “spotted, dappled”), itself suspected to be from Thracian, Illyrian, or Pre-Greek origin.
According to Beekes, it's together with βαλαύστιον (balaústion, “flower of the pomegranate”), βάλαρις (bálaris), βάλλαρις (bállaris, “uncertain plant”), βαλλωτή (ballōtḗ, “black horehound”) from Pre-Greek.

Xanth. 16

Xanth. 3

Arc. 30.14

Etymologicum Magnum 186.33.G.

TheodGramm 94.17

a plant with wonderful medicinal properties


μακρόουρος

μᾰκρόουρος (canonical)
măkróouros (romanization)
μᾰκρόουρον (neuter)
μᾰκρόουρος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
μᾰκρόουρον (neuter nominative singular)
μᾰκροούρω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
μᾰκροούρω (dual neuter nominative)
μᾰκρόουροι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
μᾰκρόουρᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
μᾰκροούρου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
μᾰκροούρου (genitive neuter singular)
μᾰκροούροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
μᾰκροούροιν (dual genitive neuter)
μᾰκροούρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
μᾰκροούρων (genitive neuter plural)
μᾰκροούρῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
μᾰκροούρῳ (dative neuter singular)
μᾰκροούροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
μᾰκροούροιν (dative dual neuter)
μᾰκροούροις (dative feminine masculine plural)
μᾰκροούροις (dative neuter plural)
μᾰκρόουρον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
μᾰκρόουρον (accusative neuter singular)
μᾰκροούρω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
μᾰκροούρω (accusative dual neuter)
μᾰκροούρους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
μᾰκρόουρᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
μᾰκρόουρε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
μᾰκρόουρον (neuter singular vocative)
μᾰκροούρω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
μᾰκροούρω (dual neuter vocative)
μᾰκρόουροι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
μᾰκρόουρᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
μᾰκροούρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μᾰκροουρότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μᾰκροουρότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Latin: macroūrus

μᾰκρός (măkrós, “large”, “long”) + οὐρᾱ́ (ourā́, “tail”) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives)

affix

Achmet 111.6

Achmet 182.5

JoApokEp 9.13

DelAn, II 328.18

DelAn, II 335.26


ἐρύσιμον

grc-noun

ἐρῠ́σῐμον • (erŭ́sĭmon) n (genitive ἐρῠσῐ́μου); second declension

ἐρῠ́σῐμον (canonical)
erŭ́sĭmon (romanization)
ἐρῠσῐ́μου (genitive)
τὸ ἐρῠ́σῐμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠ́σῐμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῠσῐ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῠσῐ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῠσῐ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῠσῐ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῠσῐ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἐρῠ́σῐμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῠσῐ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἐρῠ́σῐμᾰ (accusative plural)
ἐρῠ́σῐμον (singular vocative)
ἐρῠσῐ́μω (dual vocative)
ἐρῠ́σῐμᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: erysimon

According to Beekes, from ἔρυμαι (érumai, “to protect, to save”).

371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 8.3.1

40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.158

200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Theriaca 894

Orph., A. 917


ὑβρίς

ὑβρῐ́ς • (hubrĭ́s) f (genitive ὑβρῐ́δος); third declension

ὑβρῐ́ς (canonical)
hubrĭ́s (romanization)
ὑβρῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὑβρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑβρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑβρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑβρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑβρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑβρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑβρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑβρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑβρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὑβρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs hubrĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs hubrĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὑβρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑβρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑβρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὑβρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὑβρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὑβρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 615b.10


κύανος

κῠ́ᾰνος • (kŭ́ănos) m (genitive κῠᾰ́νου); second declension

κῠ́ᾰνος (canonical)
kŭ́ănos (romanization)
κῠᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ κῠ́ᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κῠ́ᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κῠ́ᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κῠᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
κῠ́ᾰνε (singular vocative)
κῠᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
κῠ́ᾰνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: κυανός (kyanós)

→ Dutch: cyaan

→ English: cyan, cyano-

→ French: cyan

→ German: Zyan

→ Italian: ciano

→ Latin: cȳanos, cȳanus
Spanish: aciano

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیانوس (kiyānus)

> Turkish: kiyanus (inherited)

→ Swedish: cyan

According to Beekes, probably from Hittite [script needed] (kuwannan-, “precious stone, copper, blue”), itself of unknown origin, possibly Sumerian 𒆬𒆪 (ku₃-an /kù.an/).

der

Monticola solitarius
Monticola solitarius#Translingual


ζειά

grc-noun

ζειᾱ́ • (zeiā́) f (genitive ζειᾱ́ς); first declension

term-label

(almost always in the plural, Epic, Attic)

ζειᾱ́ (canonical)
zeiā́ (romanization)
ζειᾱ́ς (genitive)
ἡ ζειᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ ζειᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ ζειαί (nominative plural)
τῆς ζειᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ζειαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ζειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ζειᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ζειαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ζειαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν ζειᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ ζειᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ζειᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ζειᾱ́ (singular vocative)
ζειᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ζειαί (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: zēa
→ English: zea, ⇒ zein
→ Italian: zea
→ Translingual: Zea

From Proto-Hellenic *dzeyyā́, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”). Compare Persian جو (jow, “barley, rye”).

inh

πὰρ δ’ ἔβαλον ζειάς, ἀνὰ δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἔμειξαν

They threw down spelt, and mixed gray barley with it

pàr d’ ébalon zeiás, anà dè krî leukòn émeixan

ἀπὸ πυρῶν καὶ κριθέων ὧλλοι ζώουσι, Αἰγυπτίων δὲ τῷ ποιευμένῳ ἀπὸ τούτων τὴν ζόην ὄνειδος μέγιστον ἐστί, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ ὀλυρέων ποιεῦνται σιτία, τὰς ζειὰς μετεξέτεροι καλέουσι.
apò purôn kaì krithéōn hôlloi zṓousi, Aiguptíōn dè tôi poieuménōi apò toútōn tḕn zóēn óneidos mégiston estí, allà apò oluréōn poieûntai sitía, tàs zeiàs metexéteroi kaléousi.
1910 translation by George Rawlinson
[O]thers make barley and wheat their food; it is a disgrace to do so in Egypt, where the grain they live on is spelt, which some call ["zeiā́"].

460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.36

τὸν δὲ νέον σῖτον ξὺν τῇ καλάμῃ ἀποκείμενον· ἦσαν δὲ ζειαὶ αἱ πλεῖσται.

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.4.27

1890 translation by H. G. Dakyns
[B]ut the new corn was laid up apart with the straw-stalk and ear together, and this was for the most part spelt.

tòn dè néon sîton xùn têi kalámēi apokeímenon; êsan dè zeiaì hai pleîstai.

Triticum monococcum
Triticum monococcum#Translingual

einkorn wheat, Triticum monococcum, used as fodder for horses


σκαμμωνία

grc-noun

σκαμμωνίᾱ • (skammōníā) f (genitive σκαμμωνίᾱς); first declension

σκαμμωνίᾱ (canonical)
skammōníā (romanization)
σκαμμωνίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ σκαμμωνίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκαμμωνίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκαμμωνίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκαμμωνίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκαμμωνίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκαμμωνιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκαμμωνίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκαμμωνίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκαμμωνίαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκαμμωνίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκαμμωνίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκαμμωνίᾱς (accusative plural)
σκαμμωνίᾱ (singular vocative)
σκαμμωνίᾱ (dual vocative)
σκαμμωνίαι (plural vocative)

desc

سَقَمُونِيَا

→ Arabic: سَقَمُونِيَا (saqamūniyā)

→ Latin: scammōnia, scammōnea

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܡܘܢܝܐ, ܣܩܐܡܘܢܝܐ (/sqʾmwnyʾ/), ܣܩܐܡܡܘܢܝܐ (/sqʾmmwnyʾ/), ܣܩܡܘܢܘܪܝܢ (/sqmwnyryn/), ܣܩܡܘܢܝܪܝܢ (/sqmwnyryn/), ܣܩܡܘܢܪܝܢ (saqmōnārīn)

Unknown. Noting its byform κάμων (kámōn)—attested in the Alexipharmaca, 484, of the Anatolian-born Nicander—, Paul Kretschmer 1888 explained it as the same word as the Semitic borrowing κύμινον (kúminon, “cumin”), considering that cumin is also purgative—said also stimulant, laxative, even abortive—in large quantities, proferring Neo-Greek examples for this #σκ-/#κ- variation. Robert Beekes cares not about this variation and instead adduces the variation #ασκ-/#σκ- as an indicator of Pre-Greek origin.


φθείρ

grc-noun

φθείρ • (phtheír) m (genitive φθειρός); third declension

phtheír (romanization)
φθειρός (genitive)
ὁ φθείρ (nominative singular)
τὼ φθεῖρε (dual nominative)
οἱ φθεῖρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ φθειρός (genitive singular)
τοῖν φθειροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν φθειρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φθειρῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν φθειροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς φθειρσῐ́ (dative plural)
φθειρσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs phtheirsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸν φθεῖρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ φθεῖρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς φθεῖρᾰς (accusative plural)
φθείρ (singular vocative)
φθεῖρε (dual vocative)
φθεῖρες (plural vocative)

Mariupol Greek: фтыр (ftyr)

Cypriot Greek: φτείρα (fteíra)

Uncertain. Has been linked to φθείρω (phtheírō, “to ruin, to destroy”) which is of Indo-European origin, though the connection is doubtful and considered as a folk etymology.

Δημόκριτον δὲ οἱ φθεῖρες, Σωκράτην δὲ ἄλλοι φθεῖρες ἀπέκτειναν.

161 CE – 180 CE, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.3

Democritus was killed by lice, and lice of another kind killed Socrates.

Dēmókriton dè hoi phtheîres, Sōkrátēn dè álloi phtheîres apékteinan.


κόμη

κόμη • (kómē) f (genitive κόμης); first declension

kómē (romanization)
κόμης (genitive)
ἡ κόμη (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κομῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κόμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόμαις (dative plural)
τὴν κόμην (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόμᾱς (accusative plural)
κόμη (singular vocative)
κόμᾱ (dual vocative)
κόμαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: coma (see there for further descendants)

Not explained with certainty. The word may be taken as "well-tended hair", in opposition of θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), and connected with κομέω (koméō, “to take care of, tend”). Schwyzer considers it a back-formation from κομάω (komáō, “to let the hair grow long”), which could be a by-form of κομέω (koméō). However, since κομάω (komáō) is always connected with hair and is never used in a different sense of "to care", and growing long hair is likely considered the opposite of caring for it, the assumption is not very probable. It has also been suggested as a Pre-Greek word with an element *ko- found in other branches of Indo-European and compared to Albanian qime (“thread of hair”).
The consonant choice in this word is also suggestive of a Semitic word, in Akkadian one has 𒋦 (qimmatum, “tuft of hair; mane, plume; crown, crest”), akin to Arabic قِمَّة (qimma, “crown, peak”), Amharic and Tigre ጋሜ (gamme, “a kind of straight haircut, clean-shaven save for a circumferential strip at the nethermost part”).

unk

Not explained with certainty