σμαρίς

grc-noun

σμᾰρίς • (smărís) f (genitive σμᾰρίδος); third declension

σμᾰρίς (canonical)
smărís (romanization)
σμᾰρίδος (genitive)
ἡ σμᾰρῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ σμᾰρῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ σμᾰρῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς σμᾰρῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμᾰρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμᾰρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σμᾰρῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμᾰρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμᾰρῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
σμᾰρῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs smărĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs smărĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σμᾰρῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σμᾰρῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμᾰρῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
σμᾰρῐ́ς (singular vocative)
σμᾰρῐ́δε (dual vocative)
σμᾰρῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: smaris

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σμαρίδα (smarída) (learned)

> Greek: μαρίδα (marída) (inherited)

A connection with σμηρίζω (smērízō, “to plane, to polish”) is implausible. Furnée, instead, convincingly compares the word with σπάρος (spáros, “annular sea bream”), suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.


ἄπιον

grc-noun

ἄπῐον • (ápĭon) n (genitive ἀπίου); second declension

ἄπῐον (canonical)
ápĭon (romanization)
ἀπίου (genitive)
τὸ ἄπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄπῐον (singular vocative)
ἀπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἄπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Related to Latin pirum (“pear”) and considered to be a Mediterranean substrate loanword of the form *(V)pis-.


βάκκαρις

βάκκᾰρῐς • (bákkărĭs) f (genitive βᾰκκάρῐδος); third declension

βάκκᾰρῐς (canonical)
bákkărĭs (romanization)
βᾰκκάρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βᾰ́κκᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰκκᾰρῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰκκᾰρῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰκκᾰρῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs băkkắrĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs băkkắrĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾰ́κκᾰρῐς (singular vocative)
βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδε (dual vocative)
βᾰκκᾰ́ρῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: baccar

According to a scholium of Aeschylus, the word is from Lydian, whereas Furnée argues for a Pre-Greek origin.

Asarum europaeum
Asarum europaeum#Translingual


σπάρος

σπάρος • (spáros) m (genitive σπάρου); second declension

spáros (romanization)
σπάρου (genitive)
ὁ σπᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν σπᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
σπᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
σπᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
σπᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

> Greek: σπάρος (spáros) (inherited)

→ Latin: sparus (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Perhaps from Pre-Greek and related to σμαρίς (smarís).


ὄστλιγξ

ὄστλῐγξ • (óstlĭnx) f (genitive ὄστλῐγγος); third declension

ὄστλῐγξ (canonical)
óstlĭnx (romanization)
ὄστλῐγγος (genitive)
ἡ ὄστλῐγξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὄστλῐγγε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄστλῐγγες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὄστλῐγγος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστλῐ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστλῐ́γγων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὄστλῐγγῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστλῐ́γγοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὄστλῐγξῐ (dative plural)
ὄστλῐγξῐν (dative plural)
taîs óstlĭnxĭ (dative plural)
taîs óstlĭnxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὄστλῐγγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὄστλῐγγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὄστλῐγγᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄστλῐγξ (singular vocative)
ὄστλῐγγε (dual vocative)
ὄστλῐγγες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to θῶμιγξ (thôminx), ἶλιγξ (îlinx) and στρόφιγξ (stróphinx). The presence of the variant shows that the word is from Pre-Greek.


στρόβιλος

στρόβῑλος • (stróbīlos) m (genitive στροβῑ́λου); second declension

στρόβῑλος (canonical)
stróbīlos (romanization)
στροβῑ́λου (genitive)
ὁ στρόβῑλος (nominative singular)
τὼ στροβῑ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ στρόβῑλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ στροβῑ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν στροβῑ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στροβῑ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ στροβῑ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν στροβῑ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στροβῑ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν στρόβῑλον (accusative singular)
τὼ στροβῑ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς στροβῑ́λους (accusative plural)
στρόβῑλε (singular vocative)
στροβῑ́λω (dual vocative)
στρόβῑλοι (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡯𐡨𐡴𐡡𐡩𐡫𐡠 (ʾsṭrbylʾ)

desc

Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܪܘܒܝܠܐ, ܐܣܛܪܘܒܝܠܝܐ, ܐܣܛܪܘܒܠܝܐ, ܐܣܛܪܘܒܠܝܢ; ܐܣܛܪܒܝܠܝܢ; ܐܣܛܪܘܒܘܠܘܣ, ܐܣܛܪܘܒܠܘܣ

אִיצְטְרוֹבְלָא

אִיצְטְרוּבְלָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִיצְטְרוֹבְלָא (ʾiṣṭrōḇəlā), אִיצְטְרוּבְלָא (ʾiṣṭrūḇəlā). אִצְטְרוֹבׅילָא (ʾiṣṭrōḇīlā), אצטרבולא (ʾiṣṭraḇōlā)

→ English: strobilus

אִצְטְרֻובָּל

→ Hebrew: אִצְטְרֻובָּל (ʾiṣṭrubā́l)

→ Hebrew: אִצְטְרֻובָּל (ʾiṣṭrubā́l)

→ Old Georgian: სტროპილოზი (sṭroṗilozi)

From στρόβ(ος) (strób(os), “whirl”) + -ιλος (-ilos).

fir, pine, especially the Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)


στύραξ

grc-noun

στύραξ • (stúrax) m (genitive στύρᾰκος); third declension

stúrax (romanization)
στύρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ στύρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στύρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ στύρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ στύρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν στυρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ στύρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς στύρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
στύρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs stúrăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs stúrăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν στύρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στύρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς στύρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
στύρᾰξ (singular vocative)
στύρᾰκε (dual vocative)
στύρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: styrax

desc

ܐܣܛܘܪܩܐ, ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ, ܣܛܘܪܟܐ

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܪܩܐ, ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ, ܣܛܘܪܟܐ (sṭurkā, ʾesṭurkā, ʾesṭurqā)

→ Old Georgian: სტჳრაკი (sṭwiraḳi)

Probably of Semitic origin, because this resin was introduced by the Phoenicians.

Styrax officinalis
Styrax officinalis#Translingual


στύραξ

The formation is like κάμαξ (kámax) and χάραξ (khárax). According to Beekes, it's either from the name of the tree or from Pre-Greek.


μίδας

grc-noun

μίδᾱς • (mídās) m (genitive μίδου); first declension

μίδᾱς (canonical)
mídās (romanization)
μίδου (genitive)
ὁ μίδᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ μίδᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μίδαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ μίδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μίδαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μιδῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μίδᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μίδαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μίδαις (dative plural)
τὸν μίδᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ μίδᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μίδᾱς (accusative plural)
μίδᾱ (singular vocative)
μίδᾱ (dual vocative)
μίδαι (plural vocative)


ἴξαλος

ἴξᾰλος • (íxălos) m (genitive ἰξάλου); second declension

ἴξᾰλος (canonical)
íxălos (romanization)
ἰξάλου (genitive)
ὁ ἴξᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰξᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἴξᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰξᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰξᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰξᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰξᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰξᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰξᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἴξᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰξᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰξᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
ἴξᾰλε (singular vocative)
ἰξᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
ἴξᾰλοι (plural vocative)

According to Furnée and Beekes, from Pre-Greek.


νικύλεον

νικύλεον • (nikúleon) n (genitive νικυλέου); second declension

nikúleon (romanization)
νικυλέου (genitive)
τὸ νικύλεον (nominative singular)
τὼ νικυλέω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ νικύλεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ νικυλέου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νικυλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νικυλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ νικυλέῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νικυλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νικυλέοις (dative plural)
τὸ νικύλεον (accusative singular)
τὼ νικυλέω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ νικύλεᾰ (accusative plural)
νικύλεον (singular vocative)
νικυλέω (dual vocative)
νικύλεᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Neumann, from Pre-Greek. He connects it with the Linear B sign 𐀛 (ni), which looks like the branch of a fig-tree. In a later article, he further connects Egyptian nqꜥwt (“figs”).

Ἑρμῶναξ δ’ ἐν Γλώτταις Κρητικαῖς σύκων γένη ἀναγράφει ἁμάδεα καὶ νικύλεα.
Hermônax d’ en Glṓttais Krētikaîs súkōn génē anagráphei hamádea kaì nikúlea.

250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3.76f

Hermonax in his 'Cretan Languages' lists as species of figs the hamadea and the nikulea.


ἀνθηδών

ἀνθηδών • (anthēdṓn) f (genitive ἀνθηδόνος); third declension

anthēdṓn (romanization)
ἀνθηδόνος (genitive)
ἡ ἀνθηδών (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθηδόνε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀνθηδόνες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθηδόνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθηδόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθηδόνων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθηδόνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθηδόνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνθηδόσῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθηδόσῐν (dative plural)
taîs anthēdósĭ (dative plural)
taîs anthēdósĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἀνθηδόνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθηδόνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθηδόνᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀνθηδών (singular vocative)
ἀνθηδόνε (dual vocative)
ἀνθηδόνες (plural vocative)

Ultimately from ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

oriental hawthorn (Crataegus orientalis)


κώνειον

κώνειον • (kṓneion) n (genitive κωνείου); second declension

kṓneion (romanization)
κωνείου (genitive)
τὸ κώνειον (nominative singular)
τὼ κωνείω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κώνειᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κωνείου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κωνείοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κωνείων (genitive plural)
τῷ κωνείῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κωνείοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κωνείοις (dative plural)
τὸ κώνειον (accusative singular)
τὼ κωνείω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κώνειᾰ (accusative plural)
κώνειον (singular vocative)
κωνείω (dual vocative)
κώνειᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܢܝܘܢ (qōnyon)

→ Latin: cōnium

→ Old Georgian: კონიონი (ḳonioni)

From κόνις (kónis, “dust”) + -ειον (-eion). This reference to dust is often used figuratively in contexts involving deadly exertion, such as fights to the death. The suffix, which forms nouns indicating a place or tool, suggests that poison hemlock is the agent or setting of dire struggle, leading those who consume it to metaphorically bite the dust. This is distinct from the variant suffixes -αιον (-aion) and -ιον (-ion) and should not be confused with -εῖον (-eîon).
Historically, the plant was ground into a powder and used to carry out death sentences, notably through the 'hemlock cup' or 'poisoned cup,' as detailed in German Wikipedia about its preparation and use. Poison hemlock's association with ἀκόνιτον (akóniton) arises from their frequent confusion outside their native ranges, where both plants are infamous for their lethal properties.

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual


βύλαρος

βύλαρος • (búlaros) m (genitive βυλάρου); second declension

búlaros (romanization)
βυλάρου (genitive)
ὁ βύλαρος (nominative singular)
οἱ βύλαροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βυλάρου (genitive singular)
τῶν βυλάρων (genitive plural)
τῷ βυλάρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖς βυλάροις (dative plural)
τὸν βύλαρον (accusative singular)
τοὺς βυλάρους (accusative plural)
βύλαρε (singular vocative)
βύλαροι (plural vocative)

τὸ τῶν κανθάρων γένος τὸ παρά τισι βυλάρων καλούμενον
tò tôn kanthárōn génos tò pará tisi bulárōn kaloúmenon

c. 378 CE, Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion 4.3.3

the species of dung beetles, which among some peoples are called "búlaroi"


βροῦκος

βροῦκος • (broûkos) m (genitive βρούκου); second declension

broûkos (romanization)
βρούκου (genitive)
ὁ βροῦκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρούκω (dual nominative)
οἱ βροῦκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρούκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρούκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρούκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρούκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρούκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρούκοις (dative plural)
τὸν βροῦκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρούκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρούκους (accusative plural)
βροῦκε (singular vocative)
βρούκω (dual vocative)
βροῦκοι (plural vocative)

Latin: bruchus

→ Italian: bruco

According to Beekes, clearly a Pre-Greek word, due to the vocalic variations. The form βρύκος (brúkos) was compared with βρύκω (brúkō, “to eat greedily”), but the agreement may be secondary.


ἀμακρῶτις

head

ἀμακρῶτις • (amakrôtis)

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek and perhaps related to μόκρων (mókrōn, “sharp, keen”).

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual


ἄσπληνον

grc-noun

ἄσπληνον • (ásplēnon) n (genitive ἀσπλήνου); second declension

ásplēnon (romanization)
ἀσπλήνου (genitive)
τὸ ἄσπληνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσπλήνω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἄσπληνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσπλήνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσπλήνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσπλήνων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσπλήνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσπλήνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσπλήνοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἄσπληνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσπλήνω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἄσπληνᾰ (accusative plural)
ἄσπληνον (singular vocative)
ἀσπλήνω (dual vocative)
ἄσπληνᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: asplenum

Translingual: Asplenium

Perhaps from ᾰ̓- (ă-, “un-”) + σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen”), because this plant would cure anthrax.

affix

Asplenium ceterach
Asplenium ceterach#Translingual


ὄνωνις

grc-noun

ὄνωνῐς • (ónōnĭs) f (genitive ὀνώνῐδος); third declension

ὄνωνῐς (canonical)
ónōnĭs (romanization)
ὀνώνῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ὄνωνῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνώνῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀνώνῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀνώνῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνωνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνωνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀνώνῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνωνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀνώνῐσῐ (dative plural)
ὀνώνῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs onṓnĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs onṓnĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ὀνώνῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνώνῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀνώνῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ὄνωνῐς (singular vocative)
ὀνώνῐδε (dual vocative)
ὀνώνῐδες (plural vocative)

Latin: onōnis

→ Translingual: Ononis

Furnée argues for a Pre-Greek origin, given the variation α/ο.


κύπειρον

κῠ́πειρον • (kŭ́peiron) n (genitive κῠπείρου); second declension

κῠ́πειρον (canonical)
kŭ́peiron (romanization)
κῠπείρου (genitive)
τὸ κῠ́πειρον (nominative singular)
τὼ κῠπείρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́πειρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κῠπείρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῠπείροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῠπείρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κῠπείρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῠπείροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κῠπείροις (dative plural)
τὸ κῠ́πειρον (accusative singular)
τὼ κῠπείρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κῠ́πειρᾰ (accusative plural)
κῠ́πειρον (singular vocative)
κῠπείρω (dual vocative)
κῠ́πειρᾰ (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, a foreign Pre-Greek word.


σμίνθος

σμίνθος • (smínthos) m (genitive σμίνθου); second declension

smínthos (romanization)
σμίνθου (genitive)
ὁ σμῐ́νθος (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῐ́νθω (dual nominative)
οἱ σμῐ́νθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σμῐ́νθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῐ́νθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῐ́νθων (genitive plural)
τῷ σμῐ́νθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῐ́νθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σμῐ́νθοις (dative plural)
τὸν σμῐ́νθον (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῐ́νθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σμῐ́νθους (accusative plural)
σμῐ́νθε (singular vocative)
σμῐ́νθω (dual vocative)
σμῐ́νθοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, either from Pre-Greek or Anatolian.


βαλλωτή

βᾰλλωτή • (băllōtḗ) f (genitive βᾰλλωτῆς); first declension

βᾰλλωτή (canonical)
băllōtḗ (romanization)
βᾰλλωτῆς (genitive)
ἡ βᾰλλωτή (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βᾰλλωταί (nominative plural)
τῆς βᾰλλωτῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλωταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλλωτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βᾰλλωτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλλωταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βᾰλλωταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βᾰλλωτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βᾰλλωτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βᾰλλωτή (singular vocative)
βᾰλλωτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βᾰλλωταί (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ballotē

→ Translingual: Ballota

According to Beekes, it's probably from Pre-Greek and all related to βαλαύστιον (balaústion, “flower of the pomegranate”), βάλαρις (bálaris) and βάλλις (bállis).


σόγχος

σόγχος • (sónkhos) m (genitive σόγχου); second declension

sónkhos (romanization)
σόγχου (genitive)
ὁ σόγχος (nominative singular)
τὼ σόγχω (dual nominative)
οἱ σόγχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σόγχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σόγχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σόγχων (genitive plural)
τῷ σόγχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σόγχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σόγχοις (dative plural)
τὸν σόγχον (accusative singular)
τὼ σόγχω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σόγχους (accusative plural)
σόγχε (singular vocative)
σόγχω (dual vocative)
σόγχοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sonchus

→ Translingual: Sonchus

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of the variation. Furnée links the word with Basque tšokoŕo (“silver thistle”).

sow thistle (plant of the genus Sonchus)


οἰνάνθη

οἰνάνθη • (oinánthē) f (genitive οἰνάνθης); first declension

oinánthē (romanization)
οἰνάνθης (genitive)
ἡ οἰνάνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ οἰνάνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ οἰνάνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς οἰνάνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν οἰνάνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν οἰνανθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ οἰνάνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν οἰνάνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς οἰνάνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν οἰνάνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ οἰνάνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς οἰνάνθᾱς (accusative plural)
οἰνάνθη (singular vocative)
οἰνάνθᾱ (dual vocative)
οἰνάνθαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Oenanthe

From οἴνη (oínē, “vine”) and ἄνθη (ánthē, “blossom”).

Oenanthe oenanthe
Oenanthe oenanthe#Translingual


κόνυζα

κόνῡζᾰ • (kónūză) f (genitive κονῡ́ζης); first declension

κόνῡζᾰ (canonical)
kónūză (romanization)
κονῡ́ζης (genitive)
ἡ κόνῡζᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κονῡ́ζᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόνῡζαι (nominative plural)
τῆς κονῡ́ζης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κονῡ́ζαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κονῡζῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κονῡ́ζῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κονῡ́ζαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κονῡ́ζαις (dative plural)
τὴν κόνῡζᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κονῡ́ζᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κονῡ́ζᾱς (accusative plural)
κόνῡζᾰ (singular vocative)
κονῡ́ζᾱ (dual vocative)
κόνῡζαι (plural vocative)

Latin: conȳza

→ Translingual: Conyza

The formation is like other plant names, such as μάνυζα (mánuza), μώλυζα (mṓluza) and ὄρυζα (óruza). The assumption that it was formed from κονίς (konís, “nit”) is unwarranted. According to Beekes, the variations point to a Pre-Greek origin.

fleabane (the name of various plants of the genus Inula)


ἀθήρ

ἀθήρ • (athḗr) m (genitive ἀθέρος); third declension

athḗr (romanization)
ἀθέρος (genitive)
ὁ ἀθήρ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀθέρε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀθέρες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀθέρος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀθέροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀθέρων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀθέρῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀθέροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀθέρσῐ (dative plural)
ἀθέρσῐν (dative plural)
toîs athérsĭ (dative plural)
toîs athérsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἀθέρᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀθέρε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀθέρᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀθήρ (singular vocative)
ἀθέρε (dual vocative)
ἀθέρες (plural vocative)

Greek: αθέρας (athéras), αθήρ (athír)

Not related to Latin ador (“hulled wheat”) nor to ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”). According to Beekes, the nasalized form ἀνθέριξ (anthérix) points to a Pre-Greek origin.


σέρις

σέρῐς • (sérĭs) f (genitive σέρῐδος); third declension

σέρῐς (canonical)
sérĭs (romanization)
σέρῐδος (genitive)
ἡ σέρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ σέρῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ σέρῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς σέρῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σερῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σερῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ σέρῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σερῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σέρῐσῐ (dative plural)
σέρῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs sérĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs sérĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν σέρῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σέρῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σέρῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
σέρῐς (singular vocative)
σέρῐδε (dual vocative)
σέρῐδες (plural vocative)

Latin: seris

unk

no etymology


ἀσκαλώπας

grc-noun

ἀσκᾰλώπᾱς • (askălṓpās) m (genitive ἀσκᾰλώπου); first declension

ἀσκᾰλώπᾱς (canonical)
askălṓpās (romanization)
ἀσκᾰλώπου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκαλώπᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλώπᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκαλῶπαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλώπαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλωπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλώπᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλώπαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλώπαις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκαλώπᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλώπᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλώπᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀσκαλώπᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλώπᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀσκαλῶπαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root as σκολόπαξ (skolópax, “woodcock”).

Scolopax rusticola
Scolopax rusticola#Translingual


βύσσος

βύσσος • (bússos) f (genitive βύσσου); second declension

bússos (romanization)
βύσσου (genitive)
ἡ βῠ́σσος (nominative singular)
τὼ βῠ́σσω (dual nominative)
αἱ βῠ́σσοι (nominative plural)
τῆς βῠ́σσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῠ́σσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῠ́σσων (genitive plural)
τῇ βῠ́σσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῠ́σσοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βῠ́σσοις (dative plural)
τὴν βῠ́σσον (accusative singular)
τὼ βῠ́σσω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βῠ́σσους (accusative plural)
βῠ́σσε (singular vocative)
βῠ́σσω (dual vocative)
βῠ́σσοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ቢሶስ (bisos), ብሶስ (bəsos), ቡሱስ (busus), በሱስ (bäsus), ብሲስ (bəsis), ብሱስ (bəsus), ቢሶን (bison, “fine green linen”)

⇒ Ge'ez: ቢስንሶ (bisənso, “green”)

→ Tigrinya: ቢሶ (biso, “green leather, velvet”)

→ Gothic: 𐌱𐍅𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌽 (bwssaun)

desctree

→ Latin: byssus, bissus
Translingual: Byssus

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (böz)

From a Semitic source cognate to Hebrew בּוּץ (būṣ, “byssus”) and Aramaic בּוּצָא (būṣā, “byssus”), from Proto-Semitic *būṣ- (“fibrous grass, rush etc.”). Compare also Old Armenian բեհեզ (behez, “byssus”).

der

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


κύνωψ

grc-noun

κύνωψ • (kúnōps) m (genitive κύνωπος); third declension

kúnōps (romanization)
κύνωπος (genitive)
ὁ κύνωψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κύνωπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κύνωπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κύνωπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κυνώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κυνώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κύνωπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κυνώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κύνωψῐ (dative plural)
κύνωψῐν (dative plural)
toîs kúnōpsĭ (dative plural)
toîs kúnōpsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κύνωπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κύνωπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κύνωπᾰς (accusative plural)
κύνωψ (singular vocative)
κύνωπε (dual vocative)
κύνωπες (plural vocative)

Latin: cynops

According to Beekes from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of a prothetic vowel in the alternative form. This form may be due to folk etymology, making it appear to be from κυνο- (kuno-, “dog”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”).

Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata#Translingual


ἀστακός

ἀστακός • (astakós) m (genitive ἀστακοῦ); second declension

astakós (romanization)
ἀστακοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἀστακός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀστακώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀστακοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀστακοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀστακοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀστακῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀστακῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀστακοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀστακοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἀστακόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀστακώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀστακούς (accusative plural)
ἀστακέ (singular vocative)
ἀστακώ (dual vocative)
ἀστακοί (plural vocative)

Greek: αστακός (astakós)

→ Latin: astacus

→ Translingual: Astacus

→ Old Armenian: աստակոս (astakos)

→ Armenian: աստակոս (astakos) (learned)

→ Old Georgian: ასთაკჳ (astaḳwi)

→ Georgian: ასთაკვი (astaḳvi) (learned)

→ Ottoman Turkish: استاقوس (ıstakoz)

→ Turkish: istakoz

→ Armenian: ըստախօզ (əstaxōz)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏стог

Latin script: jȁstog

Often analyzed as a derivation of ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) but this is highly improbable. Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.

Homarus gammarus
Homarus gammarus#Translingual


καλλίας

καλλίᾱς • (kallíās) m (genitive καλλίου); first declension

καλλίᾱς (canonical)
kallíās (romanization)
καλλίου (genitive)
ὁ καλλίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ καλλίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ καλλίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ καλλίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν καλλίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καλλιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ καλλίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν καλλίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς καλλίαις (dative plural)
τὸν καλλίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ καλλίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς καλλίᾱς (accusative plural)
καλλίᾱ (singular vocative)
καλλίᾱ (dual vocative)
καλλίαι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, perhaps a euphemistic usage of the personal name Καλλίας (Kallías), which has been connected with κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”).


βέλεκκος

βέλεκκος • (bélekkos) m (genitive βελέκκου); second declension

bélekkos (romanization)
βελέκκου (genitive)
ὁ βέλεκκος (nominative singular)
τὼ βελέκκω (dual nominative)
οἱ βέλεκκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βελέκκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βελέκκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βελέκκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βελέκκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βελέκκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βελέκκοις (dative plural)
τὸν βέλεκκον (accusative singular)
τὼ βελέκκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βελέκκους (accusative plural)
βέλεκκε (singular vocative)
βελέκκω (dual vocative)
βέλεκκοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin due to the presence of a geminate "-κκ-". Furnée compares the word with πέλεκυς (pélekus, “battle axe”) and πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “axe handle”).


μαγύδαρις

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς • (măgú̄dărĭs) f (genitive μᾰγῡδάρεως); third declension

μᾰγύ̄δᾰρῐς (canonical)
măgú̄dărĭs (romanization)
μᾰγῡδάρεως (genitive)
ἡ μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual nominative)
αἱ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰγῡδᾰρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐ (dative plural)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs măgūdắresĭ (dative plural)
taîs măgūdắresĭn (dative plural)
τὴν μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (accusative plural)
μᾰγῡ́δᾰρῐ (singular vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρει (dual vocative)
μᾰγῡδᾰ́ρεις (plural vocative)

→ Latin: magūdaris

→ Translingual: Magydaris

unk

unknown


σίλλυβον

grc-noun

σίλλῠβον • (síllŭbon) n (genitive σιλλύβου); second declension

σίλλῠβον (canonical)
síllŭbon (romanization)
σιλλύβου (genitive)
τὸ σίλλῠβον (nominative singular)
τὼ σιλλῠ́βω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σίλλῠβᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σιλλῠ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σιλλῠ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σιλλῠ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ σιλλῠ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σιλλῠ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σιλλῠ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸ σίλλῠβον (accusative singular)
τὼ σιλλῠ́βω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σίλλῠβᾰ (accusative plural)
σίλλῠβον (singular vocative)
σιλλῠ́βω (dual vocative)
σίλλῠβᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: sillybus

Translingual: Silybum

The origin is unclear. The formation resembles σκόλυμος (skólumos), ὄροβος (órobos), κόρυμβος (kórumbos) and ὄχθοιβος (ókhthoibos).

unk

unclear

Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum#Translingual


ἄγριππος

grc-noun

ἄγριππος • (ágrippos) m (genitive ἀγρίππου); second declension

ágrippos (romanization)
ἀγρίππου (genitive)
ὁ ἄγριππος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγρίππω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγριπποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγρίππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγρίπποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγρίππων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγρίππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγρίπποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγρίπποις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγριππον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγρίππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγρίππους (accusative plural)
ἄγριππε (singular vocative)
ἀγρίππω (dual vocative)
ἄγριπποι (plural vocative)

According to Furnée, the variation "π/φ" is typical of Pre-Greek.

The Laconian name of the wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea, syn. Olea oleaster)


κηρύλος

κηρύλος • (kērúlos) m (genitive κηρύλου); second declension

kērúlos (romanization)
κηρύλου (genitive)
ὁ κηρῠ́λος (nominative singular)
τὼ κηρῠ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ κηρῠ́λοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κηρῠ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κηρῠ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κηρῠ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ κηρῠ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κηρῠ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κηρῠ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν κηρῠ́λον (accusative singular)
τὼ κηρῠ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κηρῠ́λους (accusative plural)
κηρῠ́λε (singular vocative)
κηρῠ́λω (dual vocative)
κηρῠ́λοι (plural vocative)

No etymology. Beekes states that the suffix "-υλο-" is typical of Pre-Greek.

unk

No etymology

A fabulous sea bird, identified with the ἀλκυών (alkuṓn)


κότινος

grc-noun

κότῐνος • (kótĭnos) m (genitive κοτίνου); second declension

κότῐνος (canonical)
kótĭnos (romanization)
κοτίνου (genitive)
ὁ κότῐνος (nominative singular)
τὼ κοτῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ κότῐνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κοτῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κοτῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κοτῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ κοτῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κοτῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κοτῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν κότῐνον (accusative singular)
τὼ κοτῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κοτῐ́νους (accusative plural)
κότῐνε (singular vocative)
κοτῐ́νω (dual vocative)
κότῐνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cotinus

→ Translingual: Cotinus

According to Beekes, probably a loanword from Pre-Greek.

Olea europaea
Olea europaea#Translingual

wild olive tree (Olea europaea, syn. Olea oleaster)


λάττα

head

λάττα • (látta)

According to Beekes, perhaps from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the geminates "-ττ-".

Hesychius' gives the definition as: μυῖα (muîa, “fly”).


θυία

grc-noun

θυίᾱ • (thuíā) f (genitive θυίᾱς); first declension

θυίᾱ (canonical)
thuíā (romanization)
θυίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ θυίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ θυίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ θυῖαι (nominative plural)
τῆς θυίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν θυίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θυιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ θυίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θυίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θυίαις (dative plural)
τὴν θυίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ θυίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θυίᾱς (accusative plural)
θυίᾱ (singular vocative)
θυίᾱ (dual vocative)
θυῖαι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Thuja

Probably related to θύον (thúon, “cypress-pine”). The two words could be derived from θύω (thúō, “to burn”) but this is not clear. Possibly from θύω (thúō, “I sacrifice”).

stinking juniper (Juniperus foetidissima)


βούπρηστις

βουπρήστῐδος

βούπρηστῐς • (boúprēstĭs) f (genitive βουπρήστῐδος); third declension

βούπρηστῐς (canonical)
boúprēstĭs (romanization)
βουπρήστῐδος (genitive)
ἡ βούπρηστῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ βουπρήστῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς βουπρήστῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουπρηστῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ βουπρήστῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουπρηστῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς βουπρήστῐσῐ (dative plural)
βουπρήστῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs bouprḗstĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν βουπρήστῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουπρήστῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βουπρήστῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
βούπρηστῐς (singular vocative)
βουπρήστῐδε (dual vocative)
βουπρήστῐδες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βουπρήστῐδος

Latin: būprēstis

Translingual: Buprestis

From βοῦς (boûs, “cow”) and the stem of the verb πρήθω (prḗthō) or πίμπρημι (pímprēmi, “I burn, inflame, inflate”)


ἔλυμος

grc-noun

ἔλῠμος • (élŭmos) m (genitive ἐλῠ́μου); second declension

ἔλῠμος (canonical)
élŭmos (romanization)
ἐλῠ́μου (genitive)
ὁ ἔλῠμος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλῠμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐλῠ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλῠ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐλῠ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλῠ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐλῠ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλῠμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλῠ́μω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐλῠ́μους (accusative plural)
ἔλῠμε (singular vocative)
ἐλῠ́μω (dual vocative)
ἔλῠμοι (plural vocative)

Unknown. There appears no reason for connection with εἰλύω (eilúō).


μάσταξ

μάσταξ • (mástax) f (genitive μάστακος); third declension

mástax (romanization)
μάστακος (genitive)
ἡ μάσταξ (nominative singular)
τὼ μάστακε (dual nominative)
αἱ μάστακες (nominative plural)
τῆς μάστακος (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαστάκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαστάκων (genitive plural)
τῇ μάστακῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαστάκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μάσταξῐ (dative plural)
μάσταξῐν (dative plural)
taîs mástaxĭ (dative plural)
taîs mástaxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν μάστακᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ μάστακε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μάστακᾰς (accusative plural)
μάσταξ (singular vocative)
μάστακε (dual vocative)
μάστακες (plural vocative)

English: mastax

⇒ English: mastoid

→ Translingual: Mastax

According to Beekes, possibly of Pre-Greek origin and related to μασάομαι (masáomai) and μαστάζω (mastázō). The formation is similar to πόρταξ (pórtax) and μύλαξ (múlax).


κάττα

κάττα • (kátta) f (genitive κάττης); first declension

kátta (romanization)
κάττης (genitive)
ἡ κᾰ́ττᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ττᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰ́τται (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰ́ττης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́τταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰττῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰ́ττῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰ́τταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰ́τταις (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰ́ττᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰ́ττᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́ττᾱς (accusative plural)
κᾰ́ττᾰ (singular vocative)
κᾰ́ττᾱ (dual vocative)
κᾰ́τται (plural vocative)

Mariupol Greek: ка́та (káta)

Per Babiniotis, borrowed into Koiné Greek from Late Latin catta (“female cat”); see there for further information.
Per Beekes, of unknown ultimate origin, but related to the Latin counterpart as well as cognates in various other European languages.
Replaced αἴλουρος (aílouros) in later usage.


ὄσπριον

ὄσπρῐον • (ósprĭon) n (genitive ὀσπρίου); second declension

ὄσπρῐον (canonical)
ósprĭon (romanization)
ὀσπρίου (genitive)
τὸ ὄσπρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὄσπρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀσπρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀσπρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀσπρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀσπρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀσπρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ὄσπρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀσπρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὄσπρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ὄσπρῐον (singular vocative)
ὀσπρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὄσπρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: όσπριο (ósprio)

Of unclear origin. Connections with σπεῖρον (speîron, “wrapping cover”) and σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”) have been suggested, but this is impossible because "ὀ" is not a prothetic vowel. The word is more likely a substrate borrowing, perhaps from the same source as Old Armenian ոսպն (ospn, “lentil”).


βόστρυχος

βόστρῠχος • (bóstrŭkhos) m (genitive βοστρύχου); second declension

βόστρῠχος (canonical)
bóstrŭkhos (romanization)
βοστρύχου (genitive)
ὁ βόστρῠχος (nominative singular)
τὼ βοστρῠ́χω (dual nominative)
οἱ βόστρῠχοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βοστρῠ́χου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βοστρῠ́χοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βοστρῠ́χων (genitive plural)
τῷ βοστρῠ́χῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βοστρῠ́χοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βοστρῠ́χοις (dative plural)
τὸν βόστρῠχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βοστρῠ́χω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βοστρῠ́χους (accusative plural)
βόστρῠχε (singular vocative)
βοστρῠ́χω (dual vocative)
βόστρῠχοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Bostrichus

Unknown but perhaps of Pre-Greek origin. Often connected with βότρυς (bótrus, “bunch of grapes”).


ἰσάτις

ῑ̓σάτῐς • (īsátĭs) f (genitive ῑ̓σάτῐδος); third declension

ῑ̓σάτῐς (canonical)
īsátĭs (romanization)
ῑ̓σάτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓σᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs īsắtĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs īsắtĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐς (singular vocative)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδε (dual vocative)
ῑ̓σᾰ́τῐδες (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: سُدُوس (sudūs)

desc

→ Hebrew: אִיסָטִיס (ʾīsāṭēs)

→ Hebrew: אִיסָטִיס (ʾīsāṭēs), in old times also אֶסְטֵס (ʾesəṭēs), אסטס, אִסְטֵיס (ʾīsəṭēs), סטיס

→ Latin: īsatis
→ Translingual: Isatis

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܝܣܛܝܣ (/*ʾīsāṭēs/), ܐܝܣܐܛܝܣ (/*ʾīsāṭēs/)

Unknown. Perhaps loaned from a substrate source common to Latin vitrum (“glass, dyer's woad”), Proto-Germanic *waizdaz. Beekes notes that the plant was probably named for its glass-like color.

Isatis tinctoria
Isatis tinctoria#Translingual


ὅρμινον

grc-noun

ὅρμῑνον • (hórmīnon) n (genitive ὁρμῑ́νου); second declension

ὅρμῑνον (canonical)
hórmīnon (romanization)
ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁρμῑ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρμῑ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁρμῑ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρμῑ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁρμῑ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὅρμῑνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρμῑ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὅρμῑνᾰ (accusative plural)
ὅρμῑνον (singular vocative)
ὁρμῑ́νω (dual vocative)
ὅρμῑνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: horminum
Catalan: ormí

→ Translingual: Horminum

The formation is like σέλινον (sélinon) and κύμινον (kúminon). It has originally been connected with ὅρμος (hórmos) and ὁρμή (hormḗ), but Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.


ἀράξα

ἀράξα • (aráxa) f (genitive ἀράξης); first declension

aráxa (romanization)
ἀράξης (genitive)
ἡ ἀρᾰ́ξᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀρᾰ́ξαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀρᾰ́ξης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀρᾰ́ξαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀρᾰξῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀρᾰ́ξῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀρᾰ́ξαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀρᾰ́ξαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀρᾰ́ξᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀρᾰ́ξᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀρᾰ́ξᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀρᾰ́ξᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀρᾰ́ξαι (plural vocative)

A fabulous plant which grows by the river Araxes


ἀφάκη

ἀφάκη • (aphákē) f (genitive ἀφάκης); first declension

aphákē (romanization)
ἀφάκης (genitive)
ἡ ἀφάκη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφάκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφάκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφάκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφάκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφακῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφάκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφάκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφάκαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφάκην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφάκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφάκᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφάκη (singular vocative)
ἀφάκᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφάκαι (plural vocative)

Latin: aphaca

Translingual: Aphaca

Probably a substrate word related to φακός (phakós, “lentil”).

Taraxacum officinale
Taraxacum officinale#Translingual


σανδαράκη

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (săndărắkē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (canonical)
săndărắkē (romanization)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive)
ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (nominative plural)
τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καις (dative plural)
τὴν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κην (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱς (accusative plural)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (singular vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ (dual vocative)
σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και (plural vocative)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ

Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

→ Latin: sandaraca

English: sandarac

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /šindu, simṭu, šimtu/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/šindu arqu/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".
Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

unk

unknown

σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῐ́ζω

săndărăkĭ́zō


ἀλάβης

grc-noun

ἀλάβης • (alábēs) f (genitive ἀλάβητος); third declension

alábēs (romanization)
ἀλάβητος (genitive)
ἡ ἀλάβης (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀλάβητες (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀλάβητος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλαβήτων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀλάβητῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλαβήτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀλάβησῐ (dative plural)
ἀλάβησῐν (dative plural)
taîs alábēsĭ (dative plural)
taîs alábēsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ἀλάβητᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλάβητε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀλάβητᾰς (accusative plural)
ἀλάβης (singular vocative)
ἀλάβητε (dual vocative)
ἀλάβητες (plural vocative)

→ Demotic: lbs

→ Coptic: ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs) (Sahidic)

→ Arabic: لَبِيس (labīs)

Unclear. Perhaps from Coptic ⲗⲉⲓϥⲓ (leifi, “fish of the Nile”). However, Furnée connects this word with similar names for fish, like ἔλλοψ (éllops) and ἀλλοπίᾱς (allopíās) and concludes that it is a Pre-Greek word.
Demotic lbs (“fish of the Nile”), and its successor Coptic ⲗⲁⲃⲏⲥ (labēs), is certainly a reborrowing from Greek.

unk

Unclear

cog

A kind of fish that lives in the Nile (possibly Labeo niloticus)


ἴκμη

grc-noun

ἴκμη • (íkmē) f (genitive ἴκμης); first declension

íkmē (romanization)
ἴκμης (genitive)
ἡ ἴκμη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἴκμᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἴκμαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἴκμης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἴκμαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰκμῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἴκμῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἴκμαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἴκμαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἴκμην (accusative singular)
τὼ ἴκμᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἴκμᾱς (accusative plural)
ἴκμη (singular vocative)
ἴκμᾱ (dual vocative)
ἴκμαι (plural vocative)

Ultimately from ἰκμάς (ikmás, “moisture”).


πτελέα

πτελέᾱ • (pteléā) f (genitive πτελέᾱς); first declension

πτελέᾱ (canonical)
pteléā (romanization)
πτελέᾱς (genitive)
ἡ πτελέᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ πτελέᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πτελέαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πτελέᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν πτελέαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πτελεῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πτελέᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν πτελέαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτελέαις (dative plural)
τὴν πτελέᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ πτελέᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτελέᾱς (accusative plural)
πτελέᾱ (singular vocative)
πτελέᾱ (dual vocative)
πτελέαι (plural vocative)

Greek: φτελιά (fteliá)

⇒ Pontic Greek: φτελίδ' (ftelíd')

→⇒ Old Armenian: պտղի (ptłi)

The suffix -έᾱ (-éā) is frequent in tree names, like ἰτέᾱ (itéā, “willow”) and μηλέᾱ (mēléā). The word πτέλας (ptélas, “boar”) is formally close but the semantics are far off. Also Latin populus (“poplar”) cannot be related, since it deviates strongly in form and meaning. Maybe from the same source of Latin tilia (“linden”), Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi, “elm”), Old Georgian თელაჲ (telay, “elm”). Furnée argues for a Pre-Greek origin and connects it with μελία (melía, “ash tree”). Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐁇𐀩𐀷 (pte-re-wa /*pteléwā/, “~elm”).


κειρία

grc-noun

κειρῐ́ᾱ • (keirĭ́ā) f (genitive κειρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

κειρῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
keirĭ́ā (romanization)
κειρῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κειρῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κειρῐ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κειρῐ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς κειρῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κειρῐ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κειρῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κειρῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κειρῐ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κειρῐ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν κειρῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κειρῐ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κειρῐ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
κειρῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)
κειρῐ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
κειρῐ́αι (plural vocative)

The connection with καῖρος (kaîros, “string”) seems obvious. The presence of the alternative forms leads to a Pre-Greek origin.


ἀλλοπίας

ἀλλοπίᾱς • (allopíās) m (genitive ἀλλοπίου); first declension

ἀλλοπίᾱς (canonical)
allopíās (romanization)
ἀλλοπίου (genitive)
ὁ ἀλλοπίᾱς (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀλλοπίαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀλλοπίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀλλοπιῶν (genitive plural)
ἀλλοπιάων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀλλοπίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀλλοπίαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀλλοπίαις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀλλοπίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀλλοπίᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀλλοπίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀλλοπίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀλλοπίαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀλλοπιῶν, ἀλλοπιάων

Perhaps from the same Pre-Greek root of ἀλάβης (alábēs) and ἔλλοψ (éllops). Compare also αὐλωπίας (aulōpías).


ἴον

grc-noun

ῐ̓́ον • (ĭ́on) n (genitive ῐ̓́ου); second declension

ῐ̓́ον (canonical)
ĭ́on (romanization)
ῐ̓́ου (genitive)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῐ̓́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῐ̓́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῐ̓́οις (dative plural)
ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
τὸ ῐ̓́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́ον (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́ω (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́ᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ῐ̓́οις, ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ

Related to Latin viola, both from a common (unknown) Mediterranean substrate. Originally *ϝίον (*wíon).

Viola odorata
Viola odorata#Translingual

violet, namely sweet violet (Viola odorata)


μάνυζα

head

μάνυζα • (mánuza)

According to Beekes, clearly from Pre-Greek, due to the presence of the suffix "-ζα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: μονοκέφαλον σκόροδον (monoképhalon skórodon, literally “one-headed garlic”).


λάρος

grc-noun

λᾰ́ρος • (lắros) m (genitive λᾰ́ρου); second declension

λᾰ́ρος (canonical)
lắros (romanization)
λᾰ́ρου (genitive)
ὁ λᾰ́ρος (nominative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρω (dual nominative)
οἱ λᾰ́ροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ λᾰ́ρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λᾰ́ρων (genitive plural)
τῷ λᾰ́ρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λᾰ́ροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λᾰ́ροις (dative plural)
τὸν λᾰ́ρον (accusative singular)
τὼ λᾰ́ρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς λᾰ́ρους (accusative plural)
λᾰ́ρε (singular vocative)
λᾰ́ρω (dual vocative)
λᾰ́ροι (plural vocative)

Greek: γλάρος (gláros)

→ Latin: larus

→ Translingual: Larus

→ Old Georgian: ლაროსი (larosi)

Probably of onomatopoeic origin but compare Armenian լոր (lor, “quail”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

kind of ravenous sea bird, perhaps the seamew, the gull


δράβη

grc-noun

δράβη • (drábē) f (genitive δράβης); first declension

drábē (romanization)
δράβης (genitive)
ἡ δράβη (nominative singular)
τὼ δράβᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ δράβαι (nominative plural)
τῆς δράβης (genitive singular)
τοῖν δράβαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δραβῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ δράβῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν δράβαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς δράβαις (dative plural)
τὴν δράβην (accusative singular)
τὼ δράβᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς δράβᾱς (accusative plural)
δράβη (singular vocative)
δράβᾱ (dual vocative)
δράβαι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Draba

Lepidium draba
Lepidium draba#Translingual


λάβραξ

λάβραξ • (lábrax) m (genitive λάβρᾱκος); third declension

lábrax (romanization)
λάβρᾱκος (genitive)
ὁ λάβρᾱξ (nominative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (dual nominative)
οἱ λάβρᾱκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ λάβρᾱκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λαβρᾱ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ λάβρᾱκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λαβρᾱ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λάβρᾱξῐ (dative plural)
λάβρᾱξῐν (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxĭ (dative plural)
toîs lábrāxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν λάβρᾱκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λάβρᾱκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς λάβρᾱκᾰς (accusative plural)
λάβρᾱξ (singular vocative)
λάβρᾱκε (dual vocative)
λάβρᾱκες (plural vocative)

Latin: Labrax

→ Old Armenian: ղաբրաքս (łabrakʻs)

From λάβρος (lábros, “furious, fierce”).

Dicentrarchus labrax
Dicentrarchus labrax#Translingual


ἔλλοψ

ἔλλοψ • (éllops) m (genitive ἔλλοπος); third declension

éllops (romanization)
ἔλλοπος (genitive)
ὁ ἔλλοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἔλλοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἔλλοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἔλλοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἔλλοψῐ (dative plural)
ἔλλοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs éllopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs éllopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ἔλλοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἔλλοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἔλλοπᾰς (accusative plural)
ἔλλοψ (singular vocative)
ἔλλοπε (dual vocative)
ἔλλοπες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: helops

Beekes suggest a Pre-Greek origin for this word in view of the variation λ/λλ. He further connects the word with ἀλλοπίας (allopías), hinting at a common word for a great fish.

Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio#Translingual

European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio)


κλεμμύς

κλεμμῠ́ς • (klemmŭ́s) f (genitive κλεμμῠ́ος); third declension

κλεμμῠ́ς (canonical)
klemmŭ́s (romanization)
κλεμμῠ́ος (genitive)
ἡ κλεμμῠ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (dual nominative)
αἱ κλεμμῠ́ες (nominative plural)
τῆς κλεμμῠός (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλεμμῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλεμμῠῐ̈́ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλεμμῠοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλεμμῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
κλεμμῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs klemmŭsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν κλεμμῠ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλεμμῠ́ε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλεμμῦς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ᾰς (accusative plural)
κλεμμῠ́ (singular vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ε (dual vocative)
κλεμμῠ́ες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to that of synonymous words χέλυς (khélus) and ἐμύς (emús). Originally considered a folk-etymological adaptation to κλέμμα (klémma) and κλέπτω (kléptō, “to conceal”), because turtles can hide their bodies under their shell. Furnée compares κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and χρέμυς (khrémus, “a sort of cod”); these variants confirm that the word is Pre-Greek.


ψάλιον

ψάλῐον • (psálĭon) n (genitive ψᾰλίου); second declension

ψάλῐον (canonical)
psálĭon (romanization)
ψᾰλίου (genitive)
τὸ ψάλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ψαλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ψάλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ψαλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ψαλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ψαλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ψαλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ψαλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ψαλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ψάλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ψαλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ψάλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ψάλῐον (singular vocative)
ψαλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ψάλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ψάλιο (psálio)

With ψέλιον (psélion, “armlet worn by the Persians”) and ψαλόν (psalón, “kind of bridle”) an Iranian borrowing; synonymous to Classical Persian افسار (afsār, “curb chain, halter, headstall”), and note also افسر (afsar, “diadem”).


ἀριστολόχεια

grc-noun

ἀριστολοχείᾱς

ἀριστολόχεια • (aristolókheia) f (genitive ἀριστολοχείᾱς); first declension

aristolókheia (romanization)
ἀριστολοχείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀριστολόχειᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀριστολοχείᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀριστολόχειαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀριστολοχείᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀριστολοχείαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀριστολοχειῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀριστολοχείᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀριστολοχείαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀριστολοχείαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀριστολόχειᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀριστολοχείᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀριστολοχείᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀριστολόχειᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀριστολοχείᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀριστολόχειαι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ἀριστολόχειᾰ

Latin: aristolochia

Translingual: Aristolochia

From ἀριστόλοχος (aristólokhos, “well born”) + -εια (-eia).

af

birthwort (any plant of the genus Aristolochia)


κινάρα

grc-noun

κῐνάρᾱ • (kĭnárā) f (genitive κῐνάρᾱς); first declension

κῐνάρᾱ (canonical)
kĭnárā (romanization)
κῐνάρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κῐνάρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κῐνάρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κῐνάραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κῐνάρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κῐνάραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κῐναρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κῐνάρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κῐνάραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κῐνάραις (dative plural)
τὴν κῐνάρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κῐνάρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κῐνάρᾱς (accusative plural)
κῐνάρᾱ (singular vocative)
κῐνάρᾱ (dual vocative)
κῐνάραι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek: ἀγκινάρα (ankinára)

desctree

Greek: αγκινάρα (agkinára), αγγινάρα f (anginára)
→ Albanian: angjinare
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكنار (enginar, inginar)
Turkish: enginar
→ Albanian: engjinar
→ Armenian: էնկինար (ēnkinar)
→ Azerbaijani: ənginar
→ Ladino: endjinara
→ Persian: انگنار (angenâr, engenâr)
→ Romanian: anghinare

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܢܪܐ (*kunārā), ܩܝܢܪܣ (*kinārās), ܩܢܪܘܣ (*kinārūs, kunārūs)

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קִינְרָסָא (qinərāsā)

→ Hebrew: קִנְרָס (qinrás)

→ Latin: cinara, cynara

→ Translingual: Cynara

⇒ Latin: cinaria, cynaria

→ Translingual: Cynaria

→ Arabic: قِنَّارِيّة (qinnāriyya), قَنَّارِيّة (qannāriyya) (Al-Andalus, Morocco)

→ Old Spanish: alcanería

→ Catalan: alcanària

The ι-υ variation has been referred to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, although it is only attested in the later Hellenistic period, and it could be borrowed from an Aramaic byform equivalent to the one which Persian کنگر (kangar, “cardoon”) is borrowed from, this meaning attested in Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna), ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa, “cardoon”), identical to Classical Syriac ܩܠܩܐ (qalqā, qelqā, “taro”), and therefore ܩܠܩܐܣ (qōlqās), ܩܠܘܩܣ (qōlqōs), ܩܠܘܩܘܣ (qōlōqōs, “taro”) and κολοκασία (kolokasía, “sacred lotus; taro”), implying a Western Aramaic emphatic state shaped /qɪˈŋarɑː/, since the ܪܒܨܐ (rəḇāṣā) diacritic for /ɛ/ in the best-attested Aramaic lect Syriac regularly corresponds to ḥiriq for /ɪ/ in other lects.

doublet

Cynara scolymus
Cynara scolymus#Translingual


βρύσσος

grc-noun

βρῠ́σσος • (brŭ́ssos) m (genitive βρῠ́σσου); second declension

βρῠ́σσος (canonical)
brŭ́ssos (romanization)
βρῠ́σσου (genitive)
ὁ βρῠ́σσος (nominative singular)
τὼ βρῠ́σσω (dual nominative)
οἱ βρῠ́σσοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρῠ́σσου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρῠ́σσοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρῠ́σσων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρῠ́σσῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρῠ́σσοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρῠ́σσοις (dative plural)
τὸν βρῠ́σσον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρῠ́σσω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βρῠ́σσους (accusative plural)
βρῠ́σσε (singular vocative)
βρῠ́σσω (dual vocative)
βρῠ́σσοι (plural vocative)

The variants, together with the prenasalization, prove that this is a Pre-Greek word.


σκόρπαινα

σκόρπαινᾰ • (skórpaină) f (genitive σκορπαίνης); first declension

σκόρπαινᾰ (canonical)
skórpaină (romanization)
σκορπαίνης (genitive)
ἡ σκόρπαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκορπαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκόρπαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκορπαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκορπαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκορπαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκορπαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκορπαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκορπαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν σκόρπαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκορπαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκορπαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
σκόρπαινᾰ (singular vocative)
σκορπαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
σκόρπαιναι (plural vocative)

Greek: σκορπίνα (skorpína)

desctree

→ Latin: scorpaena
Catalan: escórpora
→ French: scorpène
→ English: scorpene
English: sculpin
Italian: scorfano, → scorpena
Ligurian: scórpena
Spanish: escorpina
→ Translingual: Scorpaena

From σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion”) + -αινᾰ (-aină).


ῥάξ

grc-noun

ῥᾱ́ξ • (rhā́x) f (genitive ῥᾱγός); third declension

ῥᾱ́ξ (canonical)
rhā́x (romanization)
ῥᾱγός (genitive)
ἡ ῥᾱ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ῥᾶγε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῥᾶγες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῥᾱγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῥᾱγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῥᾱγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ῥᾱγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῥᾱγοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῥᾱξῐ́ (dative plural)
ῥᾱξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs rhāxĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν ῥᾶγᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῥᾶγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῥᾶγᾰς (accusative plural)
ῥᾱ́ξ (singular vocative)
ῥᾶγε (dual vocative)
ῥᾶγες (plural vocative)

Greek: ρώγα (róga)

The word is a reminiscent of ῥάματα (rhámata, “bunch of grapes”), as well as of Latin racēmus (“bunch of grapes”), Sanskrit रजनी (rajanī, “grape, lac”), Persian رز (raz, “vine”) and Albanian rrush (“grape”).


κροτών

κροτών • (krotṓn) m (genitive κροτῶνος); third declension

krotṓn (romanization)
κροτῶνος (genitive)
ὁ κροτών (nominative singular)
τὼ κροτῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ κροτῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κροτῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κροτώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κροτώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ κροτῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κροτώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κροτῶσῐ (dative plural)
κροτῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs krotôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs krotôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κροτῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κροτῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κροτῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
κροτών (singular vocative)
κροτῶνε (dual vocative)
κροτῶνες (plural vocative)

Translingual: Croton

Probably a Semitic borrowing, compare Classical Syriac ܩܪܕܐ (qerdā, “tick; castor oil plant”), cognate to Arabic قُرَاد (qurād, “tick”), Tigrinya ቍርዲድ (ḳʷərdid), ቈርዳድ (ḳʷärdad, “tick”), Tigre ቀራድ (ḳärad, “tick”), Harari ቁርዱድ (ḳurdud, “tick”). Which dovetails with the other word for the castor oil plant κίκι (kíki) being borrowed from Egyptian.


γίννος

grc-noun

γίννος • (gínnos) m (genitive γίννου); second declension

gínnos (romanization)
γίννου (genitive)
ὁ γῐ́ννος (nominative singular)
τὼ γῐ́ννω (dual nominative)
οἱ γῐ́ννοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ γῐ́ννου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γῐ́ννοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γῐ́ννων (genitive plural)
τῷ γῐ́ννῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γῐ́ννοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γῐ́ννοις (dative plural)
τὸν γῐ́ννον (accusative singular)
τὼ γῐ́ννω (accusative dual)
τοὺς γῐ́ννους (accusative plural)
γῐ́ννε (singular vocative)
γῐ́ννω (dual vocative)
γῐ́ννοι (plural vocative)

According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin. It can hardly be from γίγνομαι (gígnomai).


ὄζαινα

ὄζαινᾰ • (ózaină) f (genitive ὀζαίνης); first declension

ὄζαινᾰ (canonical)
ózaină (romanization)
ὀζαίνης (genitive)
ἡ ὄζαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὄζαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀζαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀζαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀζαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀζαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀζαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν ὄζαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀζαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀζαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
ὄζαινᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀζαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
ὄζαιναι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ozaena

From ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”) + -αινᾰ (-aină).

(pathology) ozaena, a type of chronic rhinitis


πέρκη

πέρκη • (pérkē) f (genitive πέρκης); first declension

pérkē (romanization)
πέρκης (genitive)
ἡ πέρκη (nominative singular)
τὼ πέρκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πέρκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πέρκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πέρκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν περκῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πέρκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πέρκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πέρκαις (dative plural)
τὴν πέρκην (accusative singular)
τὼ πέρκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πέρκᾱς (accusative plural)
πέρκη (singular vocative)
πέρκᾱ (dual vocative)
πέρκαι (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: պերկես (perkes)

→ Latin: perca

→ English: perch

From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“motley, coloured”). Cognate with Old Irish erc (“perch, salmon”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸerkos) and Proto-Germanic *furhnō (“trout”). Related also to περκνός (perknós, “dusky”) and πέρκος (pérkos, “kind of hawk”).

der

Perca fluviatilis
Perca fluviatilis#Translingual


φάγρος

grc-noun

φάγρος • (phágros) m (genitive φάγρου); second declension

phágros (romanization)
φάγρου (genitive)
ὁ φᾰ́γρος (nominative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (dual nominative)
οἱ φᾰ́γροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φᾰ́γρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φᾰ́γρων (genitive plural)
τῷ φᾰ́γρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν φᾰ́γροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φᾰ́γροις (dative plural)
τὸν φᾰ́γρον (accusative singular)
τὼ φᾰ́γρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς φᾰ́γρους (accusative plural)
φᾰ́γρε (singular vocative)
φᾰ́γρω (dual vocative)
φᾰ́γροι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Latin: phager
Catalan: pagre
Galician: prago
Spanish: pargo
→ English: porgy

According to Beekes, the presence of the variants leads to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus#Translingual


ὑπήκοον

grc-noun

ῠ̔πήκοον • (hŭpḗkoon) n (genitive ῠ̔πηκόου); second declension

ῠ̔πήκοον (canonical)
hŭpḗkoon (romanization)
ῠ̔πηκόου (genitive)
τὸ ῠ̔πήκοον (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔πηκόω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔πήκοᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔πηκόου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔πηκόοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔πηκόων (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔πηκόῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔πηκόοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔πηκόοις (dative plural)
τὸ ῠ̔πήκοον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔πηκόω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ῠ̔πήκοᾰ (accusative plural)
ῠ̔πήκοον (singular vocative)
ῠ̔πηκόω (dual vocative)
ῠ̔πήκοᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Hypecoum

Neuter form of ῠ̔πήκοος (hŭpḗkoos, “hearkening”).


θρύον

θρῠ́ον • (thrŭ́on) n (genitive θρῠ́ου); second declension

θρῠ́ον (canonical)
thrŭ́on (romanization)
θρῠ́ου (genitive)
τὸ θρῠ́ον (nominative singular)
τὼ θρῠ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ θρῠ́ᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρῠ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρῠ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρῠ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ θρῠ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρῠ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θρῠ́ᾰ (accusative plural)
θρῠ́ον (singular vocative)
θρῠ́ω (dual vocative)
θρῠ́ᾰ (plural vocative)

Formally, one may compare βρύον (brúon), but further details are unclear. The connection with Proto-Slavic *trъstь (“cane”) is impossible because of the anlaut. The variants point to a Pre-Greek origin, which is not unexpected in the case of a plant name.

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual


σπίνος

σπῐ́νος • (spĭ́nos) m (genitive σπῐ́νου); second declension

σπῐ́νος (canonical)
spĭ́nos (romanization)
σπῐ́νου (genitive)
ὁ σπῐ́νος (nominative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ σπῐ́νοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ σπῐ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σπῐ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ σπῐ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σπῐ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σπῐ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν σπῐ́νον (accusative singular)
τὼ σπῐ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς σπῐ́νους (accusative plural)
σπῐ́νε (singular vocative)
σπῐ́νω (dual vocative)
σπῐ́νοι (plural vocative)

Greek: σπίνος (spínos)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping- (“small bird, sparrow”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *finkiz (“finch”), Welsh pinc (“finch”) and Sanskrit फिङ्गक (phiṅgaka, “shrike”).

der

Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs#Translingual


πτέλας

head

πτέλας • (ptélas)

A possible cognate would be πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”), but this leaves much unexplained. The connection with Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig, swine”) and Sanskrit किरि (kiri, “boar, hog”) should also be rejected. The connection with πελιτνός (pelitnós) and πελιός (peliós) is arbitrary. The word may well be Pre-Greek, in view of the initial "πτ-".


ἄφρισσα

grc-noun

ἄφρισσᾰ • (áphrissă) f (genitive ἀφρίσσης); first declension

ἄφρισσᾰ (canonical)
áphrissă (romanization)
ἀφρίσσης (genitive)
ἡ ἄφρισσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφρίσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄφρισσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφρίσσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφρίσσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφρισσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφρίσσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφρίσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφρίσσαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄφρισσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφρίσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφρίσσᾱς (accusative plural)
ἄφρισσᾰ (singular vocative)
ἀφρίσσᾱ (dual vocative)
ἄφρισσαι (plural vocative)

Translingual: Aphrissa

Furnée connects this word with ἀφία (aphía, “lesser celandine”). The suffix -ισσ- (-iss-) suggests a Pre-Greek word.

Dracunculus vulgaris
Dracunculus vulgaris#Translingual


μηλολόνθη

μηλολόνθη • (mēlolónthē) f (genitive μηλολόνθης); first declension

mēlolónthē (romanization)
μηλολόνθης (genitive)
ἡ μηλολόνθη (nominative singular)
τὼ μηλολόνθᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μηλολόνθαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μηλολόνθης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηλολόνθαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηλολονθῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μηλολόνθῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηλολόνθαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μηλολόνθαις (dative plural)
τὴν μηλολόνθην (accusative singular)
τὼ μηλολόνθᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μηλολόνθᾱς (accusative plural)
μηλολόνθη (singular vocative)
μηλολόνθᾱ (dual vocative)
μηλολόνθαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Melolontha

Possibly from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple, fruit”) + ὄλλυμι (óllumi, “destroy”). But rather from μῆλον (mêlon, “sheep”) + ὄλυνθος (ólunthos, “wild fig”).


χάραξ

grc-noun

χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension

khárax (romanization)
χάρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ χᾰ́ρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ χᾰ́ρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς χᾰ́ρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ χᾰ́ρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς χᾰ́ρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs (dative plural)
taîs khắrăxĭ (dative plural)
taîs khắrăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰ́ρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́ρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
χᾰ́ρᾰξ (singular vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκε (dual vocative)
χᾰ́ρᾰκες (plural vocative)

Greek: χάρακας (chárakas)

→ Latin: characium

Catalan: carràs

Gascon: carràs

desctree

→? Vulgar Latin: *characulum, *caraculum
Catalan: carall
Old Galician-Portuguese: caralho
Fala: carallu
Galician: carallo
Portuguese: caralho
Spanish: carajo

Translingual: Charax

The formation is similar to κάμαξ (kámax, “vine pole, prop”) and πίναξ (pínax, “board, plank”), and the traditional connection with Lithuanian žer̃ti (“to scrape”) does not explain the Greek formation. In view of the suffix, the word is most probably Pre-Greek; see χαράσσω (kharássō, “to sharpen, engrave”) for more.

pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp


χρέμυς

grc-noun

χρέμῠς • (khrémŭs) m (genitive χρέμῠος); third declension

χρέμῠς (canonical)
khrémŭs (romanization)
χρέμῠος (genitive)
ὁ χρέμῠς (nominative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (dual nominative)
οἱ χρέμῠες (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρέμῠος (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρεμῠ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρέμῠῐ̈ (dative singular)
χρέμυι (dative singular)
τοῖν χρεμῠ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρέμῠσῐ (dative plural)
χρέμῠσῐν (dative plural)
toîs khrémŭsĭ (dative plural)
toîs khrémŭsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν χρέμῠν (accusative singular)
τὼ χρέμῠε (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρέμῡς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠᾰς (accusative plural)
χρέμῠ (singular vocative)
χρέμῠε (dual vocative)
χρέμῠες (plural vocative)

Furnée connects the word with κρεμύς (kremús, “a kind of fish”) and considers it of Pre-Greek origin.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ὀνίσκος (onískos, “cod”).


ἴκτις

ἴκτῐς • (íktĭs) f (genitive ἴκτῐδος); third declension

ἴκτῐς (canonical)
íktĭs (romanization)
ἴκτῐδος (genitive)
ἡ ῐ̓́κτῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́κτῐδε (dual nominative)
αἱ ῐ̓́κτῐδες (nominative plural)
τῆς ῐ̓́κτῐδος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓κτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̓κτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ῐ̓́κτῐδῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̓κτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ῐ̓́κτῐσῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̓́κτῐσῐν (dative plural)
taîs ĭ́ktĭsĭ (dative plural)
taîs ĭ́ktĭsĭn (dative plural)
τὴν ῐ̓́κτῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̓́κτῐδε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓́κτῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
ῐ̓́κτῐς (singular vocative)
ῐ̓́κτῐδε (dual vocative)
ῐ̓́κτῐδες (plural vocative)

Compare Old Armenian աքիս (akʻis). Beekes gives no etymology.

unk

no etymology


ἀσκάλαφος

grc-noun

ἀσκάλαφος • (askálaphos) m (genitive ἀσκαλάφου); second declension

askálaphos (romanization)
ἀσκαλάφου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκάλαφος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλάφω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκάλαφοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλάφου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλάφοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλάφων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλάφῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλάφοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλάφοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκάλαφον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλάφω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλάφους (accusative plural)
ἀσκάλαφε (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλάφω (dual vocative)
ἀσκάλαφοι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ascalaphus

The suffix -φος in animal names is well known. According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.


ὀνίσκος

ὀνῐ́σκος • (onĭ́skos) m (genitive ὀνῐ́σκου); second declension

ὀνῐ́σκος (canonical)
onĭ́skos (romanization)
ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive)
ὁ ὀνῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀνῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀνῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀνῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
ὀνῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
ὀνῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

Latin: oniscus

→ Translingual: Oniscus

From ὄνος (ónos, “donkey, ass”) + -ῐ́σκος (-ĭ́skos).


γοσσύπιον

grc-noun

γοσσύπιον • (gossúpion) n (genitive γοσσυπίου); second declension

gossúpion (romanization)
γοσσυπίου (genitive)
τὸ γοσσύπιον (nominative singular)
τὼ γοσσυπίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ γοσσύπιᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ γοσσυπίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν γοσσυπίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γοσσυπίων (genitive plural)
τῷ γοσσυπίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γοσσυπίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς γοσσυπίοις (dative plural)
τὸ γοσσύπιον (accusative singular)
τὼ γοσσυπίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ γοσσύπιᾰ (accusative plural)
γοσσύπιον (singular vocative)
γοσσυπίω (dual vocative)
γοσσύπιᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: gossypium

Ultimately from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”), whence also Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás, “fabric of cotton”), κάρπᾰσος (kárpăsos, “fabric of cotton”), Latin carbasus (“fabric of cotton”).


ψαλόν

Apparently near-synonymous with χαλινός (khalinós, “bridle”). From the same root as ψάλιον (psálion, “curb-chain”), ψέλιον (psélion, “anklet worn by the Persians”).

ψαλόν· εἶδος χαλινοῦ

[5th c. C.E., Hesychius of Alexandria, Γλώσσαι, Ψ:


κόρνοψ

grc-noun

κόρνοψ • (kórnops) m (genitive κόρνοπος); third declension

kórnops (romanization)
κόρνοπος (genitive)
ὁ κόρνοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρνοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ κόρνοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρνοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν κορνόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορνόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρνοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν κορνόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόρνοψῐ (dative plural)
κόρνοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs kórnopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs kórnopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν κόρνοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρνοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρνοπᾰς (accusative plural)
κόρνοψ (singular vocative)
κόρνοπε (dual vocative)
κόρνοπες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to δρύοψ (drúops), κώνωψ (kṓnōps) and σκάλοψ (skálops). The suffix is typical of Pre-Greek.


ἐρῳδιός

ἐρῳδῐός • (erōidĭós) m (genitive ἐρῳδῐοῦ); second declension

ἐρῳδῐός (canonical)
erōidĭós (romanization)
ἐρῳδῐοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐρῳδῐός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρῳδῐώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρῳδῐοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρῳδῐοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρῳδῐοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρῳδῐῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρῳδῐῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρῳδῐοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρῳδῐοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρῳδῐόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρῳδῐώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρῳδῐούς (accusative plural)
ἐρῳδῐέ (singular vocative)
ἐρῳδῐώ (dual vocative)
ἐρῳδῐοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ερωδιός (erodiós)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܗܪܘܕܐ (hrwdʾ), ܐܪܘܕܝܣ (ʾrwdys)

→ Old Armenian: արիովդ (ariovd)

→ Translingual: Erodium

The ending is similar to other bird names, like αἰγυπιός (aigupiós), αἰγωλιός (aigōliós) and χαραδριός (kharadriós). The resemblance with Latin ardea (“heron”) and Serbo-Croatian róda (“stork”) cannot be coincidental. According to Beekes, the word could be of Pre-Greek origin because of the variants.


σίλφη

grc-noun

σῐ́λφη • (sĭ́lphē) f (genitive σῐ́λφης); first declension

σῐ́λφη (canonical)
sĭ́lphē (romanization)
σῐ́λφης (genitive)
ἡ σῐ́λφη (nominative singular)
τὼ σῐ́λφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σῐ́λφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σῐ́λφης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σῐ́λφαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σῐλφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σῐ́λφῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σῐ́λφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σῐ́λφαις (dative plural)
τὴν σῐ́λφην (accusative singular)
τὼ σῐ́λφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σῐ́λφᾱς (accusative plural)
σῐ́λφη (singular vocative)
σῐ́λφᾱ (dual vocative)
σῐ́λφαι (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Silpha

The variant could be an artificial Atticism or show a Pre-Greek alternation σ-/τ-. The form semantically and formally resembles σέρφος (sérphos, “small winged insect”), while Furnée connects Latin delpa (“kind of insect”).

Blattella germanica
Blattella germanica#Translingual


πήληξ

πήληξ • (pḗlēx) f (genitive πήληκος); third declension

pḗlēx (romanization)
πήληκος (genitive)
ἡ πήληξ (nominative singular)
τὼ πήληκε (dual nominative)
αἱ πήληκες (nominative plural)
τῆς πήληκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πηλήκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πηλήκων (genitive plural)
τῇ πήληκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πηλήκοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πήληξῐ (dative plural)
πήληξῐν (dative plural)
taîs pḗlēxĭ (dative plural)
taîs pḗlēxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν πήληκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πήληκε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πήληκᾰς (accusative plural)
πήληξ (singular vocative)
πήληκε (dual vocative)
πήληκες (plural vocative)

The formation is like τράφηξ (tráphēx), ὄρπηξ (órpēx) and νάρθηξ (nárthēx). The suffix "-ηξ" often occurs in Pre-Greek words.


νηρίτης

νηρῑ́της • (nērī́tēs) m (genitive νηρῑ́του); first declension

νηρῑ́της (canonical)
nērī́tēs (romanization)
νηρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ νηρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ νηρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ νηρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νηρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ νηρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν νηρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νηρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν νηρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ νηρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς νηρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
νηρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
νηρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
νηρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: nārīta (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Nerita

The connection with νηρόν (nērón, “water”) is refuted by the forms with the vocalic anlaut “α-”. Furnée takes this initial variation as evidence for a Pre-Greek origin. Plevačová draws the term to Finnish nieriä (“saibling”) – which see for more relatives –, downplaying the semantic difference by noting that both are longish sea creatures caught in a fisher’s net and the contexts in which the Greek and Latin are attested may as well point to a fish.


βρέντιον

βρέντῐον • (bréntĭon) n (genitive βρεντίου); second declension

βρέντῐον (canonical)
bréntĭon (romanization)
βρεντίου (genitive)
τὸ βρέντῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βρεντῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βρέντῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βρεντῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρεντῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βρεντῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βρεντῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρεντῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βρεντῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βρέντῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βρεντῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βρέντῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βρέντῐον (singular vocative)
βρεντῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βρέντῐᾰ (plural vocative)

A Messapic word like βρένδος (bréndos, “deer”), possibly also found in place names like Βρεντέσιον (Brentésion, “Brindisi”). Further possible cognates are Latvian briedis (“deer”), Old Prussian braidis (“elk”), Elfdalian brinde (“elk”) and Albanian bri (“horn, antler”).


ἀσκάλαβος

ἀσκάλαβος • (askálabos) m (genitive ἀσκαλᾰ́βου); second declension

askálabos (romanization)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive)
ὁ ἀσκάλᾰβος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἀσκάλᾰβοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀσκαλᾰ́βου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀσκαλᾰ́βων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀσκαλᾰ́βῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀσκαλᾰ́βοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀσκαλᾰ́βοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἀσκάλᾰβον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀσκαλᾰ́βους (accusative plural)
ἀσκάλᾰβε (singular vocative)
ἀσκαλᾰ́βω (dual vocative)
ἀσκάλᾰβοι (plural vocative)

Clearly a Pre-Greek word, in view of the ending in “-βος” (often found in animal names) and the several variations. Less probable is a connection with σκάλοψ (skálops, “mole”).


τράγαινα

τράγαινᾰ • (trágaină) f (genitive τρᾰγαίνης); first declension

τράγαινᾰ (canonical)
trágaină (romanization)
τρᾰγαίνης (genitive)
ἡ τρᾰ́γαινᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγαίνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ τρᾰ́γαιναι (nominative plural)
τῆς τρᾰγαίνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγαίναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τρᾰγαινῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ τρᾰγαίνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν τρᾰγαίναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τρᾰγαίναις (dative plural)
τὴν τρᾰ́γαινᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ τρᾰγαίνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τρᾰγαίνᾱς (accusative plural)
τρᾰ́γαινᾰ (singular vocative)
τρᾰγαίνᾱ (dual vocative)
τρᾰ́γαιναι (plural vocative)

From τράγος (trágos, “goat”) + -αινᾰ (-aină).


σκάλοψ

σκᾰ́λοψ • (skắlops) m (genitive σκᾰ́λοπος); third declension

σκᾰ́λοψ (canonical)
skắlops (romanization)
σκᾰ́λοπος (genitive)
ὁ σκᾰ́λοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́λοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ σκᾰ́λοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ σκᾰ́λοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκᾰλόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκᾰλόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ σκᾰ́λοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκᾰλόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σκᾰ́λοψῐ (dative plural)
σκᾰ́λοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs skắlopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs skắlopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν σκᾰ́λοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ σκᾰ́λοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς σκᾰ́λοπᾰς (accusative plural)
σκᾰ́λοψ (singular vocative)
σκᾰ́λοπε (dual vocative)
σκᾰ́λοπες (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from σκάλλω (skállō, “to stir up, hoe”). However, Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix common to other animal names, such as δρύοψ (drúops), κόρνοψ (kórnops), κώνωψ (kṓnōps) and πάρνοψ (párnops).


νυκτικόραξ

νυκτῐκόρᾰκος

νυκτῐκόραξ • (nuktĭkórax) m (genitive νυκτῐκόρᾰκος); third declension

νυκτῐκόραξ (canonical)
nuktĭkórax (romanization)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκος (genitive)
ὁ νυκτῐκόρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ νυκτῐκόρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ νυκτῐκόρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ νυκτῐκόρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν νυκτῐκορᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νυκτῐκόρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
νυκτῐκόρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs nuktĭkórăxĭ (dative plural)
toîs nuktĭkórăxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν νυκτῐκόρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς νυκτῐκόρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
νυκτῐκόρᾰξ (singular vocative)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκε (dual vocative)
νυκτῐκόρᾰκες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

νυκτῐκόρᾰκος

→ Italian: nitticora

→ Translingual: Nycticorax

From νύξ (núx, “night”) + κόραξ (kórax, “crow”).


μύρτος

grc-noun

μύρτος • (múrtos) f (genitive μύρτου); second declension

múrtos (romanization)
μύρτου (genitive)
ἡ μῠ́ρτος (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ρτω (dual nominative)
αἱ μῠ́ρτοι (nominative plural)
τῆς μῠ́ρτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠ́ρτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠ́ρτων (genitive plural)
τῇ μῠ́ρτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠ́ρτοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μῠ́ρτοις (dative plural)
τὴν μῠ́ρτον (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠ́ρτω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μῠ́ρτους (accusative plural)
μῠ́ρτε (singular vocative)
μῠ́ρτω (dual vocative)
μῠ́ρτοι (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: мѵръта (mürŭta), мрътва (mrŭtva)

→ Latin: myrtus (see there for further descendants)

Akin to Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (muštəməša), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwlt'), Parthian 𐫖𐫇𐫇𐫡𐫅 (mwwrd), Persian مورد (murd), Old Armenian մուրտ (murt), Old Georgian მურტი (murṭi, “myrtle”). Due to the variation μυρτ-/μυρσ-, Beekes opts for a Pre-Greek borrowing.

cog

Myrtus communis
Myrtus communis#Translingual


μελίλωτον

grc-noun

μελίλωτον • (melílōton) n (genitive μελιλώτου); second declension

melílōton (romanization)
μελιλώτου (genitive)
τὸ μελίλωτον (nominative singular)
τὼ μελιλώτω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μελίλωτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μελιλώτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μελιλώτοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μελιλώτων (genitive plural)
τῷ μελιλώτῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μελιλώτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μελιλώτοις (dative plural)
τὸ μελίλωτον (accusative singular)
τὼ μελιλώτω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μελίλωτᾰ (accusative plural)
μελίλωτον (singular vocative)
μελιλώτω (dual vocative)
μελίλωτᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Melilotus

From μέλι (méli, “honey”) and λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”).


στρίξ

στρίξ • (stríx) f (genitive στρῐγός); third declension

stríx (romanization)
στρῐγός (genitive)
ἡ στρῐ́ξ (nominative singular)
τὼ στρῐ́γε (dual nominative)
αἱ στρῐ́γες (nominative plural)
τῆς στρῐγός (genitive singular)
τοῖν στρῐγοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν στρῐγῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ στρῐγῐ́ (dative singular)
τοῖν στρῐγοῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς στρῐξῐ́ (dative plural)
στρῐξῐ́ν (dative plural)
taîs strĭxĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὴν στρῐ́γᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ στρῐ́γε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς στρῐ́γᾰς (accusative plural)
στρῐ́ξ (singular vocative)
στρῐ́γε (dual vocative)
στρῐ́γες (plural vocative)

desctree

Latin: strix
⇒ Romanian: striga (“to call, shout”)
⇒ Sicilian: strìgula (“barn owl”)
→ English: strigine
→ Esperanto: strigo
→ Ido: strigo
→ Italian: strige
→ Portuguese: estrige
→ Spanish: estrige

Translingual: Strix

The formation is similar to γλαῦξ (glaûx) and λύγξ (lúnx). The Greek word is often assumed to be influenced by or derived from τρίζω (trízō, “to squeak”), but its facultative nasal may point to a Pre-Greek origin.


ἀχραδαμύλα

head

ἀχραδαμύλα • (akhradamúla)

According to Beekes, the variation οι/υ proves a Pre-Greek etymology, as well as the well-known Pre-Greek suffix "-μυλα".

Hesychius gives the definition as: κόχλιας (kókhlias, “snail with spiral shell”), as they say in Tarentum.


βουρδών

grc-noun

βουρδών • (bourdṓn) m (genitive βουρδῶνος); third declension

bourdṓn (romanization)
βουρδῶνος (genitive)
ὁ βουρδών (nominative singular)
τὼ βουρδῶνε (dual nominative)
οἱ βουρδῶνες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βουρδῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βουρδώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βουρδώνων (genitive plural)
τῷ βουρδῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βουρδώνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βουρδῶσῐ (dative plural)
βουρδῶσῐν (dative plural)
toîs bourdôsĭ (dative plural)
toîs bourdôsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βουρδῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βουρδῶνε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βουρδῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
βουρδών (singular vocative)
βουρδῶνε (dual vocative)
βουρδῶνες (plural vocative)


ἐλάτη

ἐλᾰ́τη • (elắtē) f (genitive ἐλᾰ́της); first declension

ἐλᾰ́τη (canonical)
elắtē (romanization)
ἐλᾰ́της (genitive)
ἡ ἐλᾰ́τη (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἐλᾰ́ται (nominative plural)
τῆς ἐλᾰ́της (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐλᾰτῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἐλᾰ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐλᾰ́ταιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἐλᾰ́ταις (dative plural)
τὴν ἐλᾰ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐλᾰ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἐλᾰ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
ἐλᾰ́τη (singular vocative)
ἐλᾰ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
ἐλᾰ́ται (plural vocative)

Greek: έλατο (élato)

No certain etymology. Maybe from the same source of Proto-Germanic *linþaz (“pliable”) and Latin lentus (“flexible”).

unk

No certain etymology


σχέλινος

head

σχέλινος • (skhélinos)

According to Furnée, from Pre-Greek and related to γέλενος (gélenos, “asphodel, daffodil”).

Hesychius gives the definition as: ἀγρία κυπάρισσος (agría kupárissos, literally “wild cypress”).


μυρίκη

grc-noun

μυρίκη • (muríkē) f (genitive μυρίκης); first declension

muríkē (romanization)
μυρίκης (genitive)
ἡ μυρίκη (nominative singular)
τὼ μυρίκᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μυρίκαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μυρίκης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μυρίκαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μυρικῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μυρίκῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μυρίκαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μυρίκαις (dative plural)
τὴν μυρίκην (accusative singular)
τὼ μυρίκᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μυρίκᾱς (accusative plural)
μυρίκη (singular vocative)
μυρίκᾱ (dual vocative)
μυρίκαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myrīcē

→ Translingual: Myrica

The suffix -ίκη (-íkē) as in ἑλίκη (helíkē) and ἀδίκη (adíkē) is accused of Pre-Greek origin. However, already Lewy saw a Semitic origin, connecting the word because of the bitterants in the plant species to Arabic مُرّ (murr, “bitter”) and Hebrew מֹר (mor, “bitterness, acrimony”). Recognizing an identity with Latin tamarīx (“tamarisk”), various combinations of Afroasiatic origin become supportable, particularly – following Schuchardt – that the Latin form contains a Berber ta- singulative and feminine formant. Note even further the Old Nubian [script needed] (mūr, “Tamarix nilotica”).


ἄλιζα

head

ἄλιζα • (áliza)

Kretschmer compared Old High German erila (“alder”) and Proto-Slavic *olьxa (“alder”). Either from a common European substrate root or alternatively directly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éliseh₂, from *h₂élis-.

Hesychius' gives the definition as: λεύκη (leúkē, “white poplar”), as they say in Macedonia.


πάρνοψ

grc-noun

πάρνοψ • (párnops) m (genitive πάρνοπος); third declension

párnops (romanization)
πάρνοπος (genitive)
ὁ πᾰ́ρνοψ (nominative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ρνοπε (dual nominative)
οἱ πᾰ́ρνοπες (nominative plural)
τοῦ πᾰ́ρνοπος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πᾰρνόποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πᾰρνόπων (genitive plural)
τῷ πᾰ́ρνοπῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πᾰρνόποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πᾰ́ρνοψῐ (dative plural)
πᾰ́ρνοψῐν (dative plural)
toîs pắrnopsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pắrnopsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν πᾰ́ρνοπᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πᾰ́ρνοπε (accusative dual)
τοὺς πᾰ́ρνοπᾰς (accusative plural)
πᾰ́ρνοψ (singular vocative)
πᾰ́ρνοπε (dual vocative)
πᾰ́ρνοπες (plural vocative)

The formation is similar to δρύοψ (drúops), κώνωψ (kṓnōps) and σκάλοψ (skálops). The suffix is typical of Pre-Greek.


γέλενος

head

γέλενος • (gélenos)

According to Furnée, from Pre-Greek and related to σχέλινος (skhélinos, “wild cypress”).

Hesychius' gives the definition as: ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos, “asphodel”), νάρκισσος (nárkissos, “daffodil”).


σκίλλα

grc-noun

σκῐ́λλᾰ • (skĭ́llă) f (genitive σκῐ́λλης); first declension

σκῐ́λλᾰ (canonical)
skĭ́llă (romanization)
σκῐ́λλης (genitive)
ἡ σκῐ́λλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́λλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σκῐ́λλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σκῐ́λλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́λλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σκῐλλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σκῐ́λλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σκῐ́λλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σκῐ́λλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σκῐ́λλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σκῐ́λλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σκῐ́λλᾱς (accusative plural)
σκῐ́λλᾰ (singular vocative)
σκῐ́λλᾱ (dual vocative)
σκῐ́λλαι (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: إشْقِيل (ʔišqīl), إسْقِيل (ʔisqīl)
→ Medieval Hebrew: אישקיל (ʾišqī́l)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܩܠܐ (sqillā), ܣܩܝܠܐ (sqīlā), ܐܣܩܝܠ (ʾəsqīl)

→ Latin: scilla

Translingual: Scilla

→ English: squill

→ French: scille

→ Italian: scilla

→ Spanish: esquila

→ Swedish: scilla

Unexplained foreign word, but probably of Pre-Greek origin. Compare Mingrelian შქიშქილა (škiškila, “a kind of garlic”, literally “young, tender, fresh”).

cog

Drimia maritima
Drimia maritima#Translingual

squill (the name of various plants of the genus Scilla, and particularly Drimia maritima)


ἀμάρακον

grc-noun

ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον • (amā́răkon) n (genitive ἀμᾱράκου); second declension

ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (canonical)
amā́răkon (romanization)
ἀμᾱράκου (genitive)
τὸ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμᾱρᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκον (singular vocative)
ἀμᾱρᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
ἀμᾱ́ρᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

Latin: amāracus

The word has been connected with Ancient Macedonian ἀβαρύ (abarú, “oregano, marjoram”). If this is accepted, the variation μ/β points to a Pre-Greek origin, which is probable anyhow. According to Beekes, the connection with Sanskrit मरुवक (maruvaka, “marjoram”) must be wrong.

cog

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


τῆλις

grc-noun

τῆλις • (têlis) f (genitive τήλεως); third declension

têlis (romanization)
τήλεως (genitive)
ἡ τῆλῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ τήλει (dual nominative)
αἱ τήλεις (nominative plural)
τῆς τήλεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν τηλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τήλεων (genitive plural)
τῇ τήλει (dative singular)
τοῖν τηλέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τήλεσῐ (dative plural)
τήλεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs tḗlesĭ (dative plural)
taîs tḗlesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν τῆλῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ τήλει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τήλεις (accusative plural)
τῆλῐ (singular vocative)
τήλει (dual vocative)
τήλεις (plural vocative)

Latin: tēlis

There is no certain explanation. Traditionally compared to Latin talea (“stave, cutting”) and Sanskrit ताल (tāla, “palm tree”) but such guesses have been abandoned recently. Possibly connected to Proto-Albanian *talā (“cornstalk”).

unk

no certain explanation

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual


κάππαρις

grc-noun

κάππαρις • (kápparis) f (genitive καππάρεως); third declension

kápparis (romanization)
καππάρεως (genitive)
ἡ κάππαρῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ καππάρει (dual nominative)
αἱ καππάρεις (nominative plural)
τῆς καππάρεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν καππαρέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν καππάρεων (genitive plural)
τῇ καππάρει (dative singular)
τοῖν καππαρέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς καππάρεσῐ (dative plural)
καππάρεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kappáresĭ (dative plural)
taîs kappáresĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κάππαρῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ καππάρει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς καππάρεις (accusative plural)
κάππαρῐ (singular vocative)
καππάρει (dual vocative)
καππάρεις (plural vocative)

Greek: κάπαρη (kápari)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܟܦܪ (kappar, kappār), ܩܦܪ (qappar, qappār)

→ Latin: capparis

→ English: caper

→ Italian: cappero

→ Translingual: Capparis

→ Ottoman Turkish: كبره (gebere)

Turkish: gebre

→ Armenian: գաբարա (gabara)

The word has been connected with Persian کبر (kabar, “caper”) and Burushaski [script needed] (čopuri) (a language isolate), suggesting an Oriental origin.

Capparis spinosa
Capparis spinosa#Translingual


κεράσιον

κερᾰ́σῐον • (kerắsĭon) n (genitive κερᾰσῐ́ου); second declension

κερᾰ́σῐον (canonical)
kerắsĭon (romanization)
κερᾰσῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ κερᾰ́σῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κερᾰσῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κερᾰσῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ κερᾰσῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κερᾰσῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κερᾰσῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ κερᾰ́σῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ κερᾰσῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (accusative plural)
κερᾰ́σῐον (singular vocative)
κερᾰσῐ́ω (dual vocative)
κερᾰ́σῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: cerasium (see there for further descendants)


βάρβαξ

head

βάρβαξ • (bárbax)

Hesychius' gives the definition as: a Libyan hawk or falcon.


ὀξύα

grc-noun

ὀξύᾱ • (oxúā) f (genitive ὀξύᾱς); first declension

ὀξύᾱ (canonical)
oxúā (romanization)
ὀξύᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀξύᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξύᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξύαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξύᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξύαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξυῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξύᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξύαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξύαις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξύᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξύᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξύᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀξύᾱ (singular vocative)
ὀξύᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀξύαι (plural vocative)

Greek: οξιά (oxiá)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- and, so, cognate with Proto-Germanic *askaz (“ash tree”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”) and Albanian ah (“beech”). The Indo-European character of these words is far from sure, despite the tradition to compare them. The vocalic variation in Greek, which is not sufficiently explained by assuming the intervention of ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”), may in principle also point to a Pre-Greek word. Compare Ancient Macedonian ἄξος (áxos, “a kind of wood”).

cog

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


ὀξύκεδρος

grc-noun

ὀξύκεδρος • (oxúkedros) f (genitive ὀξυκέδρου); second declension

oxúkedros (romanization)
ὀξυκέδρου (genitive)
ἡ ὀξύκεδρος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀξυκέδρω (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀξύκεδροι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀξυκέδρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀξυκέδροιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀξυκέδρων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀξυκέδρῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀξυκέδροιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀξυκέδροις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀξύκεδρον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀξυκέδρω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀξυκέδρους (accusative plural)
ὀξύκεδρε (singular vocative)
ὀξυκέδρω (dual vocative)
ὀξύκεδροι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: oxycedros

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + κέδρος (kédros, “cedar”).

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual


θάψος

θᾰ́ψος • (thắpsos) f (genitive θᾰ́ψου); second declension

θᾰ́ψος (canonical)
thắpsos (romanization)
θᾰ́ψου (genitive)
ἡ θᾰ́ψος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́ψω (dual nominative)
αἱ θᾰ́ψοι (nominative plural)
τῆς θᾰ́ψου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́ψοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰ́ψων (genitive plural)
τῇ θᾰ́ψῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰ́ψοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς θᾰ́ψοις (dative plural)
τὴν θᾰ́ψον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰ́ψω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς θᾰ́ψους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́ψε (singular vocative)
θᾰ́ψω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́ψοι (plural vocative)

Probably from Θάψος (Thápsos), because the plant was originally from this place.

Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria#Translingual


κλήθρα

κλήθρα • (klḗthra) f (genitive κλήθρᾱς); first declension

klḗthra (romanization)
κλήθρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ κλήθρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ κλήθρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κλῆθραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κλήθρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλήθραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κληθρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κλήθρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλήθραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κλήθραις (dative plural)
τὴν κλήθρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ κλήθρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κλήθρᾱς (accusative plural)
κλήθρᾱ (singular vocative)
κλήθρᾱ (dual vocative)
κλῆθραι (plural vocative)

Unclear. It has been connected with Tyrolese German Lutter (“green alder”). The suffix -θρη is from the same PIE root as -τρον.

unk

Unclear

Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa#Translingual


τευθίς

grc-noun

τευθῐ́ς • (teuthĭ́s) f (genitive τευθῐ́δος); third declension

τευθῐ́ς (canonical)
teuthĭ́s (romanization)
τευθῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ τευθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ τευθῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς τευθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τευθῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ τευθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν τευθῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς τευθῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
τευθῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs teuthĭ́sĭ (dative plural)
taîs teuthĭ́sĭn (dative plural)
τὴν τευθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ τευθῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς τευθῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
τευθῐ́ς (singular vocative)
τευθῐ́δε (dual vocative)
τευθῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Teuthis

→ Old Armenian: թիսիւր (tʻisiwr)

According to Beekes, the word could be Pre-Greek, in view of the variant and the meaning. Several unconvincing attempts have been made by Pokorny, who compares the word with Sanskrit दोधति (dodhati, “fierce, impetuous, turbulent”) and by Schindler, who assumes an original color term, like in the plant name τεύθριον (teúthrion).

cog

Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris#Translingual


ἀφία

grc-noun

ἀφίᾱ • (aphíā) f (genitive ἀφίᾱς); first declension

ἀφίᾱ (canonical)
aphíā (romanization)
ἀφίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ἀφίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀφίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ἀφίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀφίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀφίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀφιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀφίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀφίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀφίαις (dative plural)
τὴν ἀφίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀφίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀφίᾱς (accusative plural)
ἀφίᾱ (singular vocative)
ἀφίᾱ (dual vocative)
ἀφίαι (plural vocative)

The connection with ἀφιέναι (aphiénai, “flowers”) is untenable. Krahe connects the word with Latin apium (“parsley”) but these are quite different plants. Furnée proposes a connection with ἄφρισσα (áphrissa, “dragonwort”) suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

Ficaria verna
Ficaria verna#Translingual


ὀστρύα

ὀστρύα • (ostrúa) f (genitive ὀστρύᾱς); first declension

ostrúa (romanization)
ὀστρύᾱς (genitive)
ἡ ὀστρῠ́ᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ ὀστρῠ́αι (nominative plural)
τῆς ὀστρῠ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀστρῠ́αιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀστρῠῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ ὀστρῠ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀστρῠ́αιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὀστρῠ́αις (dative plural)
τὴν ὀστρῠ́ᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὀστρῠ́ᾱς (accusative plural)
ὀστρῠ́ᾰ (singular vocative)
ὀστρῠ́ᾱ (dual vocative)
ὀστρῠ́αι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ostrya

→ Translingual: Ostrya

Frisk compares ὄστρεον (óstreon, “bivalve”) but the semantics are weak. Heubeck and Neumann suggest a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the enlargements in "-ύα", "-υΐς" and "-ύς".

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia#Translingual

common hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia)


βάμβαξ

βάμβαξ • (bámbax) m (genitive βάμβακος); third declension

bámbax (romanization)
βάμβακος (genitive)
ὁ βάμβαξ (nominative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (dual nominative)
οἱ βάμβακες (nominative plural)
τοῦ βάμβακος (genitive singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βαμβάκων (genitive plural)
τῷ βάμβακῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν βαμβάκοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βάμβαξῐ (dative plural)
βάμβαξῐν (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxĭ (dative plural)
toîs bámbaxĭn (dative plural)
τὸν βάμβακᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ βάμβακε (accusative dual)
τοὺς βάμβακᾰς (accusative plural)
βάμβαξ (singular vocative)
βάμβακε (dual vocative)
βάμβακες (plural vocative)

desc

⇒ Byzantine Greek: βαμβάκιον (bambákion)

Greek: βαμβάκι (vamváki)

→ Medieval Latin: bombacium, bambacium, bombecium, bambecium

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: bambagia

desctree

Venetan: bonbaxo, bombàxo, bombàs
→ Cimbrian: bombaas
→ Slovene: bombaž

desc

→ Late Latin: bombax, bambax, bombix, bambix, *bombacum

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: Bambaci, Bombaci

Sicilian: Bammaci, Bummaci

Herodotus describes the word as Indian, while Theophrastus says that it was found near the Persian Gulf. From the same root are Middle Persian pmbk', Old Armenian բամբակ (bambak) and Ottoman Turkish پاموق (pamuk).


ὀνόπορδον

grc-noun

ὀνόπορδον • (onópordon) n (genitive ὀνοπόρδου); second declension

onópordon (romanization)
ὀνοπόρδου (genitive)
τὸ ὀνόπορδον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀνοπόρδω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόπορδᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀνοπόρδου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀνοπόρδοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀνοπόρδων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀνοπόρδῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀνοπόρδοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀνοπόρδοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀνόπορδον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀνοπόρδω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀνόπορδᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀνόπορδον (singular vocative)
ὀνοπόρδω (dual vocative)
ὀνόπορδᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Onopordum

From ὄνος (ónos, “donkey”) + the root of πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “to fart”).

Onopordum acanthium
Onopordum acanthium#Translingual


φαττάγης

φαττάγης • (phattágēs) m (genitive φαττάγου); first declension

phattágēs (romanization)
φαττάγου (genitive)
ὁ φαττάγης (nominative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ φαττάγαι (nominative plural)
τοῦ φαττάγου (genitive singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν φατταγῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ φαττάγῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν φαττάγαιν (dative dual)
τοῖς φαττάγαις (dative plural)
τὸν φαττάγην (accusative singular)
τὼ φαττάγᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς φαττάγᾱς (accusative plural)
φαττάγη (singular vocative)
φαττάγᾱ (dual vocative)
φαττάγαι (plural vocative)

The variants show that the word is Pre-Greek.