kulttuuri

kulttuuri (nominative singular)
kulttuurit (nominative plural)
kulttuuri (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurit (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurin (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurit (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurin (genitive singular)
kulttuurien (genitive plural)
kulttuureiden (genitive plural)
kulttuureitten (genitive plural)
kulttuuria (partitive singular)
kulttuureita (partitive plural)
kulttuureja (partitive plural)
kulttuurissa (inessive singular)
kulttuureissa (inessive plural)
kulttuurista (elative singular)
kulttuureista (elative plural)
kulttuuriin (illative singular)
kulttuureihin (illative plural)
kulttuurilla (adessive singular)
kulttuureilla (adessive plural)
kulttuurilta (ablative singular)
kulttuureilta (ablative plural)
kulttuurille (allative singular)
kulttuureille (allative plural)
kulttuurina (essive singular)
kulttuureina (essive plural)
kulttuuriksi (singular translative)
kulttuureiksi (plural translative)
kulttuuritta (abessive singular)
kulttuureitta (abessive plural)
kulttuurein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kulttuurini (nominative singular)
kulttuurini (nominative plural)
kulttuurini (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurini (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurini (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurini (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurini (genitive singular)
kulttuurieni (genitive plural)
kulttuureideni (genitive plural)
kulttuureitteni (genitive plural)
kulttuuriani (partitive singular)
kulttuureitani (partitive plural)
kulttuurejani (partitive plural)
kulttuurissani (inessive singular)
kulttuureissani (inessive plural)
kulttuuristani (elative singular)
kulttuureistani (elative plural)
kulttuuriini (illative singular)
kulttuureihini (illative plural)
kulttuurillani (adessive singular)
kulttuureillani (adessive plural)
kulttuuriltani (ablative singular)
kulttuureiltani (ablative plural)
kulttuurilleni (allative singular)
kulttuureilleni (allative plural)
kulttuurinani (essive singular)
kulttuureinani (essive plural)
kulttuurikseni (singular translative)
kulttuureikseni (plural translative)
kulttuurittani (abessive singular)
kulttuureittani (abessive plural)
kulttuureineni (comitative plural)
kulttuurisi (nominative singular)
kulttuurisi (nominative plural)
kulttuurisi (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurisi (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurisi (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurisi (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurisi (genitive singular)
kulttuuriesi (genitive plural)
kulttuureidesi (genitive plural)
kulttuureittesi (genitive plural)
kulttuuriasi (partitive singular)
kulttuureitasi (partitive plural)
kulttuurejasi (partitive plural)
kulttuurissasi (inessive singular)
kulttuureissasi (inessive plural)
kulttuuristasi (elative singular)
kulttuureistasi (elative plural)
kulttuuriisi (illative singular)
kulttuureihisi (illative plural)
kulttuurillasi (adessive singular)
kulttuureillasi (adessive plural)
kulttuuriltasi (ablative singular)
kulttuureiltasi (ablative plural)
kulttuurillesi (allative singular)
kulttuureillesi (allative plural)
kulttuurinasi (essive singular)
kulttuureinasi (essive plural)
kulttuuriksesi (singular translative)
kulttuureiksesi (plural translative)
kulttuurittasi (abessive singular)
kulttuureittasi (abessive plural)
kulttuureinesi (comitative plural)
kulttuurimme (nominative singular)
kulttuurimme (nominative plural)
kulttuurimme (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurimme (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurimme (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurimme (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurimme (genitive singular)
kulttuuriemme (genitive plural)
kulttuureidemme (genitive plural)
kulttuureittemme (genitive plural)
kulttuuriamme (partitive singular)
kulttuureitamme (partitive plural)
kulttuurejamme (partitive plural)
kulttuurissamme (inessive singular)
kulttuureissamme (inessive plural)
kulttuuristamme (elative singular)
kulttuureistamme (elative plural)
kulttuuriimme (illative singular)
kulttuureihimme (illative plural)
kulttuurillamme (adessive singular)
kulttuureillamme (adessive plural)
kulttuuriltamme (ablative singular)
kulttuureiltamme (ablative plural)
kulttuurillemme (allative singular)
kulttuureillemme (allative plural)
kulttuurinamme (essive singular)
kulttuureinamme (essive plural)
kulttuuriksemme (singular translative)
kulttuureiksemme (plural translative)
kulttuurittamme (abessive singular)
kulttuureittamme (abessive plural)
kulttuureinemme (comitative plural)
kulttuurinne (nominative singular)
kulttuurinne (nominative plural)
kulttuurinne (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurinne (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurinne (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurinne (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurinne (genitive singular)
kulttuurienne (genitive plural)
kulttuureidenne (genitive plural)
kulttuureittenne (genitive plural)
kulttuurianne (partitive singular)
kulttuureitanne (partitive plural)
kulttuurejanne (partitive plural)
kulttuurissanne (inessive singular)
kulttuureissanne (inessive plural)
kulttuuristanne (elative singular)
kulttuureistanne (elative plural)
kulttuuriinne (illative singular)
kulttuureihinne (illative plural)
kulttuurillanne (adessive singular)
kulttuureillanne (adessive plural)
kulttuuriltanne (ablative singular)
kulttuureiltanne (ablative plural)
kulttuurillenne (allative singular)
kulttuureillenne (allative plural)
kulttuurinanne (essive singular)
kulttuureinanne (essive plural)
kulttuuriksenne (singular translative)
kulttuureiksenne (plural translative)
kulttuurittanne (abessive singular)
kulttuureittanne (abessive plural)
kulttuureinenne (comitative plural)
kulttuurinsa (nominative singular)
kulttuurinsa (nominative plural)
kulttuurinsa (accusative nominative singular)
kulttuurinsa (accusative nominative plural)
kulttuurinsa (accusative genitive singular)
kulttuurinsa (accusative genitive plural)
kulttuurinsa (genitive singular)
kulttuuriensa (genitive plural)
kulttuureidensa (genitive plural)
kulttuureittensa (genitive plural)
kulttuuriaan (partitive singular)
kulttuuriansa (partitive singular)
kulttuureitaan (partitive plural)
kulttuurejaan (partitive plural)
kulttuureitansa (partitive plural)
kulttuurejansa (partitive plural)
kulttuurissaan (inessive singular)
kulttuurissansa (inessive singular)
kulttuureissaan (inessive plural)
kulttuureissansa (inessive plural)
kulttuuristaan (elative singular)
kulttuuristansa (elative singular)
kulttuureistaan (elative plural)
kulttuureistansa (elative plural)
kulttuuriinsa (illative singular)
kulttuureihinsa (illative plural)
kulttuurillaan (adessive singular)
kulttuurillansa (adessive singular)
kulttuureillaan (adessive plural)
kulttuureillansa (adessive plural)
kulttuuriltaan (ablative singular)
kulttuuriltansa (ablative singular)
kulttuureiltaan (ablative plural)
kulttuureiltansa (ablative plural)
kulttuurilleen (allative singular)
kulttuurillensa (allative singular)
kulttuureilleen (allative plural)
kulttuureillensa (allative plural)
kulttuurinaan (essive singular)
kulttuurinansa (essive singular)
kulttuureinaan (essive plural)
kulttuureinansa (essive plural)
kulttuurikseen (singular translative)
kulttuuriksensa (singular translative)
kulttuureikseen (plural translative)
kulttuureiksensa (plural translative)
kulttuurittaan (abessive singular)
kulttuurittansa (abessive singular)
kulttuureittaan (abessive plural)
kulttuureittansa (abessive plural)
kulttuureineen (comitative plural)
kulttuureinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Swedish kultur, ultimately from Latin cultūra.

(microbiology) culture (grown bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)


stop codon

(biology, genetics, biochemistry) a sequence of three RNA nucleotides (A, C, G or U) that instruct the synthesis, or translation, of a protein to stop. The three-letter stop codon sequences have been given names: "UAG" is amber, "UGA" is opal, and "UAA" is ochre.

lopetuskodoni

codon that instructs protein synthesis to stop


pleomorphic

en-adj

pleomorphic (comparative more pleomorphic, superlative most pleomorphic)

more pleomorphic (comparative)
most pleomorphic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pleomorphic.wav

Of, related to, or exhibiting pleomorphism.

(biology, especially microbiology) Having a lifecycle whose stages involve embodiment in diverse forms.


nitrogen fixation

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants


guanodine

guanosine monophosphate
guanosine monophosphate

guanosine diphosphate
guanosine diphosphate

guanosine triphosphate
guanosine triphosphate

(biochemistry, genetics) any of the three nucleotides guanosine monophosphate, guanosine diphosphate and guanosine triphosphate


guanosine

en-noun

guanosine (countable and uncountable, plural guanosines)

(biochemistry, genetics, organic chemistry) A nucleoside derived from guanine and ribose


adenosine

From German Adenosin, corresponding to aden(ine) + (rib)os(e) + -ine.

Caffeine acts as an antagonist at receptors in the brain for one of the chemical messengers called adenosine.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 82:

Think of adenosine as a chemical barometer that continuously registers the amount of elapsed time since you woke up this morning.

2017, Matthew Walker, Why We Sleep, Penguin, published 2018, page 27:

SAM: Readings confirmed. Based on the levels of adenosine in your system, the neural implant is functioning properly.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Hyperion:

Adenosine levels can be quickly righted after a few nights of good sleep, however.

2022 June 24, Oliver Whang, “The Sleep Debt Collector Is Here”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, genetics, organic chemistry) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue.


neurotransmiter

neurotransmiter (nominative singular)
neurotransmitery (nominative plural)
neurotransmitera (genitive singular)
neurotransmiterów (genitive plural)
neurotransmiterowi (dative singular)
neurotransmiterom (dative plural)
neurotransmiter (accusative singular)
neurotransmitery (accusative plural)
neurotransmiterem (instrumental singular)
neurotransmiterami (instrumental plural)
neurotransmiterze (locative singular)
neurotransmiterach (locative plural)
neurotransmiterze (singular vocative)
neurotransmitery (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) neuromediator, neurotransmitter


conformer

(physical chemistry, biochemistry) A particular folded state or conformation of a protein, especially an abnormal conformation of a prion


AFP

(biochemistry) Initialism of alpha-fetoprotein.


cycloamylose

(biochemistry) any of a class of cyclic oligomers of glucose; they have a toroidal shape and bind tightly with many aromatic compounds, the guest molecule fitting into the cavity like a key and lock; they mimic the action of several enzymes


cytochemistry

cytochemistry (usually uncountable, plural cytochemistries)

(biochemistry) The biochemistry of cells, especially that of the macromolecules responsible for cell structure and function.


hormonal

en-adj

hormonal (comparative more hormonal, superlative most hormonal)

more hormonal (comparative)
most hormonal (superlative)


riboflavin

en-noun

riboflavin (countable and uncountable, plural riboflavins)

(biochemistry) Yellow or orange-yellow water-soluble compound, a member of the vitamin B complex, that acts as a growth-promoting factor in humans and other animals.


lyse

en-verb

lyse (third-person singular simple present lyses, present participle lysing, simple past and past participle lysed)

lyses (present singular third-person)
lysing (participle present)
lysed (participle past)
lysed (past)

(biochemistry) To break down molecularly into smaller molecules; to induce lysis.


virüs

head

virüs (definite accusative virüsü, plural virüsler)

virüsü (accusative definite)
virüsler (plural)
virüs (nominative singular)
virüsler (nominative plural)
virüsü (accusative definite singular)
virüsleri (accusative definite plural)
virüse (dative singular)
virüslere (dative plural)
virüste (locative singular)
virüslerde (locative plural)
virüsten (ablative singular)
virüslerden (ablative plural)
virüsün (genitive singular)
virüslerin (genitive plural)
virüsüm (first-person nominative singular)
virüslerim (first-person nominative singular)
virüsün (nominative second-person singular)
virüslerin (nominative second-person singular)
virüsü (nominative singular third-person)
virüsleri (nominative singular third-person)
virüsümüz (first-person nominative plural)
virüslerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
virüsünüz (nominative plural second-person)
virüsleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
virüsleri (nominative plural third-person)
virüsümü (accusative definite first-person singular)
virüslerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
virüsünü (accusative definite second-person singular)
virüslerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
virüsünü (accusative definite singular third-person)
virüslerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
virüsümüzü (accusative definite first-person plural)
virüslerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
virüsünüzü (accusative definite plural second-person)
virüslerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
virüslerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
virüsüme (dative first-person singular)
virüslerime (dative first-person singular)
virüsüne (dative second-person singular)
virüslerine (dative second-person singular)
virüsüne (dative singular third-person)
virüslerine (dative singular third-person)
virüsümüze (dative first-person plural)
virüslerimize (dative first-person plural)
virüsünüze (dative plural second-person)
virüslerinize (dative plural second-person)
virüslerine (dative plural third-person)
virüsümde (first-person locative singular)
virüslerimde (first-person locative singular)
virüsünde (locative second-person singular)
virüslerinde (locative second-person singular)
virüsünde (locative singular third-person)
virüslerinde (locative singular third-person)
virüsümüzde (first-person locative plural)
virüslerimizde (first-person locative plural)
virüsünüzde (locative plural second-person)
virüslerinizde (locative plural second-person)
virüslerinde (locative plural third-person)
virüsümden (ablative first-person singular)
virüslerimden (ablative first-person singular)
virüsünden (ablative second-person singular)
virüslerinden (ablative second-person singular)
virüsünden (ablative singular third-person)
virüslerinden (ablative singular third-person)
virüsümüzden (ablative first-person plural)
virüslerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
virüsünüzden (ablative plural second-person)
virüslerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
virüslerinden (ablative plural third-person)
virüsümün (first-person genitive singular)
virüslerimin (first-person genitive singular)
virüsünün (genitive second-person singular)
virüslerinin (genitive second-person singular)
virüsünün (genitive singular third-person)
virüslerinin (genitive singular third-person)
virüsümüzün (first-person genitive plural)
virüslerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
virüsünüzün (genitive plural second-person)
virüslerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
virüslerinin (genitive plural third-person)
virüsüm (first-person singular)
virüslerim (first-person singular)
virüssün (second-person singular)
virüslersin (second-person singular)
virüs (singular third-person)
virüstür (singular third-person)
virüsler (singular third-person)
virüslerdir (singular third-person)
virüsüz (first-person plural)
virüsleriz (first-person plural)
virüssünüz (plural second-person)
virüslersiniz (plural second-person)
virüsler (plural third-person)
virüslerdir (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish ویروس (virüs), from French virus, from Latin virus.

(pathology, microbiology, virology) virus


dextran

en-noun

dextran (countable and uncountable, plural dextrans)

(biochemistry) A biopolymer of glucose produced by enzymes of certain bacteria; used as a substitute for blood plasma, and as a stationary phase in chromatography.

dextran

a biopolymer of glucose produced by enzymes of certain bacteria


dextran

dextran (accusative indefinite nominative)
dextranul (accusative definite nominative)
dextran (indefinite)
dextranului (definite)
dextranule (vocative)


dextrin

dextrin (countable and uncountable, plural dextrins)

dextrins (plural)
dextrine (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any of a range of oligomers of glucose, intermediate in complexity between maltose and starch, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch; used commercially as adhesives.


dextrin

dextrin (nominative singular)
dextriny (nominative plural)
dextrinu (genitive singular)
dextrinů (genitive plural)
dextrinu (dative singular)
dextrinům (dative plural)
dextrin (accusative singular)
dextriny (accusative plural)
dextrine (singular vocative)
dextriny (plural vocative)
dextrinu (locative singular)
dextrinech (locative plural)
dextrinem (instrumental singular)
dextriny (instrumental plural)

(biochemistry) dextrin (any of a range of oligomers of glucose, intermediate in complexity between maltose and starch, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch; used commercially as adhesives)


PAE

postantibiotic effect
postantibiotic effect#English

(pharmacology, microbiology) Initialism of postantibiotic effect.


metalloprotein

(biochemistry) a protein, such as haemoglobin or chlorophyll, that contains a metal atom as a cofactor

metalloproteiini

a protein that contains a metal atom as a cofactor


cofactor

(biochemistry) A substance, especially a coenzyme or a metal, that must be present for an enzyme to function.

輔因子 /辅因子

substance that must be present for an enzyme to function

(biochemistry) A molecule that binds to and regulates the activity of a protein.


epinephrine

epinephrine (countable and uncountable, plural epinephrines)

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”) + -ine.

At the ER, after deflating me with a cocktail of epinephrine, a steroid and an antihistamine, the doctors scolded me for not coming in more quickly: I could have died of asphyxiation.

2023 November 1, “‘We’re sedating women with self-care’: how we became obsessed with wellness”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication.


adrenaline

adrenaline (usually uncountable, plural adrenalines)

adrenalines (plural)
adrenalin (alternative)

→ Catalan: adrenalina

→ Dutch: adrenaline

→ French: adrénaline

→ Spanish: adrenalina

→ Swahili: adrenalini

/əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/

From adrenal + -ine, coined by Japanese chemist Takamine Jōkichi in 1901.

coin

(biochemistry) Epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter.


tropism

en-noun

tropism (countable and uncountable, plural tropisms)

From -tropism (suffix meaning ‘growth towards; movement, turning’) (possibly based on geotropism and heliotropism), from Latin tropus + English -ism (suffix forming nouns of action, process, or result). Tropus is derived from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn; a manner, style, way; figure of speech, trope; etc.”), from τρέπω (trépō, “to turn; to divert; to rotate or change orientation”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns of result or abstract nouns of action).
Sense 1 (“turning of an organism or part of an organism towards or away from a stimulus”) is modelled after German Tropismus.

der

host tropism    tissue tropism

Studies similar to those describe above for cells cultivated in vitro were performed using homogenates of tissues and organs from humans and rhesus monkeys to investigate tissue tropisms in susceptible species […] McLaren (personal communication) found an excellent correlation between poliovirus tissue tropisms and presence or absence of receptor activity in human and rhesus tissues and organs.

1964, J. J. Holland, “Viruses in Animals and in Cell Culture”, in Joan Taylor, editor, Microbial Behaviour, ‘in Vivo’ and ‘in Vitro’: Fourteenth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology Held at the Royal Institution, London, April 1964, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press for the Society for General Microbiology, →OCLC, page 271:

Virus tropism can be defined at two levels: host tropism being the range of host species that a virus can productively infect, and tissue tropism reflecting the particular tissues or organs within the host that are the site(s) of virus replication. […] The primary determinant of virus tropism is the presence on the cell surface of a suitable receptor which the virus can utilize to gain entry to the cell.

1977, D. J. Evans, “Picornavirus Receptors, Tropism and Pathogenesis”, in M. A. McCrae, J. R. Saunders, C. J. Smyth, N. D. Stow, editors, Molecular Aspects of Host–pathogen Interactions: Fifty-fifth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology Held at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, March 1997, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press for the Society for General Microbiology, →ISBN, page 23:

HBLV [human B-cell lymphotropic virus] has a broad range of cell tropisms, and it infects B cells, T cells, megakaryocytes, and glioblastoma cells.

1989 January 4, Susan P. Spring, Ann Scluederberg, William P. Allen, Jack Gruber, “Commentary: Pathogenic Diversity of Epstein-Barr Virus”, in Robert E. Wittes, editor, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, volume 81, number 1, Bethesda, Md.: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Department of Health & Human Services, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 1:

A very wide spectrum of tissue tropism among the animal adenoviruses is evident, e.g. porcine adenovirus type 3 shows a tropism for columnar epithelial cells whereas bovine adenoviruses prefer capillary endothelial cells; however, it is not clear how far tissue tropism relates to pathogenesis and disease.

1994, William C. Russell, Mária Benkö, “Animal Viruses”, in Robert G[ordon] Webster, Allan Granoff, editors, Encyclopedia of Virology, volume 1, London; San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 16–17:

The capacity of a virus to selectively infect cells in particular organs is referred to as tropism[…]. Viral tropism depends on viral and host factors.

1999, Frederick A. Murphy, E. Paul J. Gibbs, Marian C. Horzinek, Michael J. Studdert, “Mechanisms of Infection and Viral Spread through the Body”, in Veterinary Virology, 3rd edition, San Diego, Calif.; London: Academic Press, →ISBN, part I (Principles of Virology), page 97, column 1:

Orthoreovirus has primary tropisms associated with its acquisition and transmission as an upper respiratory infection and those include the facial sinuses, lungs, pharynx, and tonsils, presumably its tropism towards the intestines represents a secondary tropism (assuming that fecal-oral transmission does not also represent a primary route of disease spread, in which case the intestines would have to be considered a primary tropism), […]

2011, Christon J. Hurst, “The Relationship between Humans, Their Viruses, and Prions”, in Christon J. Hurst, editor, Studies in Viral Ecology: Animal Host Systems, volume 2, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section II (Viruses of Macroscopic Animals), page 361, column 1:

(countable, by extension, chiefly virology) A capability or tendency for a pathogen (chiefly a virus) to infect a type of cell, tissue, organ, or host organism.

tropismi

capability or tendency for a pathogen to infect a type of cell, tissue, organ, or host organism


EPO

en-noun

EPO (countable and uncountable, plural EPOs)

Alternative form: Epo

(biochemistry) Short for erythropoietin.


zymogen

(biochemistry) A proenzyme, or enzyme precursor, which requires a biochemical change (i.e. hydrolysis) to become an active form of the enzyme.


zymophyte

From zymo- (“yeast”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biochemistry) A fermentation produced by bacteria, yeasts or similar micro-organisms.


co-

From Latin co-, allomorph of Latin con-.

coglucosidase is a coenzyme that activates a glucosidase, coprotease is a protease coenzyme, codehydrogenase is any dehydrogenase coenzyme


EDP

EDP (countable and uncountable, plural EDPs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of elastin-derived peptide.


murus

(palynology) A pattern-forming ridge on the surface of a pollen grain.


merlin

Acronym of moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-like protein + -in (“protein”)

suffix

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">protein</i>

(biochemistry) A cytoskeletal protein active in the suppression of tumors.


дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота

ru-noun+

дезоксирибонуклеи́новая//dɛzoksiribonukleínovaja

дезоксирибонуклеи́новая кислота́ • (dɛzoksiribonukleínovaja kislotá) f inan (genitive дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислоты́, nominative plural дезоксирибонуклеи́новые кисло́ты, genitive plural дезоксирибонуклеи́новых кисло́т)

дезоксирибонуклеи́новая кислота́ (canonical)
dɛzoksiribonukleínovaja kislotá (romanization)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислоты́ (genitive)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новые кисло́ты (nominative plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новых кисло́т (genitive plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новая кислота́ (nominative singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новые кисло́ты (nominative plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислоты́ (genitive singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новых кисло́т (genitive plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислоте́ (dative singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новым кисло́там (dative plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новую кислоту́ (accusative singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новые кисло́ты (accusative plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислото́й (instrumental singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новою кислото́ю (instrumental singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новыми кисло́тами (instrumental plural)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новой кислоте́ (prepositional singular)
дезоксирибонуклеи́новых кисло́тах (plural prepositional)

[dɨˌzoksʲɪˌrʲibənʊklʲɪˈinəvəjə kʲɪsɫɐˈta]

[dɨzəksʲɪˌrʲibənʊklʲɪˈinəvəjə kʲɪsɫɐˈta]

Ru-дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота.ogg

deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid

(biochemistry) deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA

en-дезоксирибонуклеиновая_кислота-ru-noun-77xdWlyX


рибонуклеиновая кислота

рибонуклеи́новая

рибонуклеи́новая кислота́ • (ribonukleínovaja kislotá) f inan (genitive рибонуклеи́новой кислоты́, nominative plural рибонуклеи́новые кислоты́, genitive plural рибонуклеи́новых кисло́т)

рибонуклеи́новая кислота́ (canonical)
ribonukleínovaja kislotá (romanization)
рибонуклеи́новой кислоты́ (genitive)
рибонуклеи́новые кислоты́ (nominative plural)
рибонуклеи́новых кисло́т (genitive plural)
рибонуклеи́новая кислота́ (nominative singular)
рибонуклеи́новые кислоты́ (nominative plural)
рибонуклеи́новой кислоты́ (genitive singular)
рибонуклеи́новых кисло́т (genitive plural)
рибонуклеи́новой кислоте́ (dative singular)
рибонуклеи́новым кислота́м (dative plural)
рибонуклеи́новую кислоту́ (accusative singular)
рибонуклеи́новые кислоты́ (accusative plural)
рибонуклеи́новой кислото́й (instrumental singular)
рибонуклеи́новою кислото́ю (instrumental singular)
рибонуклеи́новыми кислота́ми (instrumental plural)
рибонуклеи́новой кислоте́ (prepositional singular)
рибонуклеи́новых кислота́х (plural prepositional)

[rʲɪbənʊklʲɪˈinəvəjə kʲɪsɫɐˈta]

en-рибонуклеиновая_кислота-ru-noun-w81E~2f~


colina

(biochemistry) choline (a hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound)


tropic hormone

(biochemistry) A hormone that regulates the activity of the endocrine glands


biopoesis

From bio- + -poesis, alternative form of -poiesis.

(biochemistry, biology) The formation of life from self-replicating, but not living, molecules.


bioluminescence

en-noun

bioluminescence (countable and uncountable, plural bioluminescences)

(biology, biochemistry) The emission of light by a living organism (such as a firefly).


tropic

en-adj

tropic (comparative more tropic, superlative most tropic)

more tropic (comparative)
most tropic (superlative)
trop. (alternative)
tropick (alternative)
Tropic (alternative)

From Late Latin tropicus (“of or pertaining to the solstice, as a noun, one of the tropics”), from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós, “of or pertaining to a turn or change; or the solstice; or a trope or figure; tropic; tropical; etc.”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”).

der

The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is allosterically regulated by various tropic factors, such as BPG and acidity.

(biochemistry, not comparable) Having the quality of indirectly inducing a biological or chemical change in a system or substrate.


chemokine

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various chemotactic cytokines, produced during inflammation, that organize the leukocytes.


cytokine

/ˈsa͜ɪˌɾəˌka͜ɪn/

From cyto- + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement”).

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975 July 25, Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S., “Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology, volume 80, number 1, page 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.
Many cytokines, presently available in pure recombinant form, modify bone cell metabolism.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26:

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter, editors, Preface: Cytokines, page v:

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza, editor, Preface: Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, volume 16, page xiii:

Surprisingly, mTOR inhibitors displayed little inhibitory efficacy regarding receptor modulation and cytokine production which may be clinically relevant in terms of the risk of underimmunosuppression with this class of drugs.

2015 July 6, “NK Cells of Kidney Transplant Recipients Display an Activated Phenotype that Is Influenced by Immunosuppression and Pathological Staging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various small regulatory proteins that regulate the cells of the immune system.

細胞因子 /细胞因子

any of various small regulatory proteins


chemosystematics

(biochemistry) chemotaxonomy; the classification of organisms based on their biochemistry


chemotaxonomy

en-noun

chemotaxonomy (usually uncountable, plural chemotaxonomies)

(biochemistry, genetics) The classification or taxonomy of organisms based on differences and similarities in biochemistry, especially on differences in amino acid sequence in proteins that the organisms have in common.


serin

serin (indefinite nominative singular)
serins (genitive indefinite singular)
serinet (definite nominative singular)
serinets (definite genitive singular)


dopaminergic

(biochemistry) Any substance that affects the production of dopamine


GBS

Coordinate term: GAS

group B streptococcus
w:group B streptococcus

(bacteriology) Initialism of group B streptococcus.


inhibition

inhibition (countable and uncountable, plural inhibitions)

/ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/

From Middle English inhibicioun, inhibicione from Old French inibicion, from Latin inhibitio.
Morphologically inhibit + -ion.

(chemistry, biochemistry) The process of stopping or retarding a reaction.

инхибиране

Stopping or retarding a chemical reaction


œstrogen

(biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estrogen


estrogen

estrogen (countable and uncountable, plural estrogens)

estrogens (plural)
oestrogen (alternative)
œstrogen (alternative)

/ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/

/ˈiːstɹəd͡ʒən/

From estro- (estrus) + -gen (“a producer of”).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">estrus</i>

secondly, in many hormone-target organ interactions including the effect of estrogen on rat uterus, growth hormone and hydrocortisone on rat liver and thyroid hormone on toadpole liver, newly formed microsomes have been isolated which have increased protein synthesizing ability (Tata, 1968).

1970, Harvey W. Mohrenweiser, Role of Hormones in Controlling Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis During Lactogenesis, Michigan State University. Departments of Biochemistry and Dairy, page 36:

It is known as Hatschek's pit and has been found to react positively to antibodies against substance P, met-enkephalin, cholecystokinin (CCK), mammalian luteinizing hormone (LH), and the enzyme aromatase (P450ₐᵣₒ), which converts certain androgens into estrogens (see Chapter 3).

2013, David O. Norris, Vertebrate Endocrinology, page 151:

(biochemistry, steroids) Any of a group of steroids that are secreted by the ovaries and function as female sex hormones.


humic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a complex mixture of organic acids produced by the decomposition of vegetable matter.


ψ

(physics, biochemistry) Water potential in cells.


food poisoning

en-noun

food poisoning (usually uncountable, plural food poisonings)

(pathology, bacteriology) Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, that typically causes diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps.


麵筋

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/


pectin

pectin (countable and uncountable, plural pectins)

From French pectine, coined in the 1830s by Henri Braconnot, from acide pectique "pectic acid", from Ancient Greek πηκτικός (pēktikós, “curdling”), from πηκτός (pēktós, “curdled”), from πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “stiffen”).

der

Apple is rich in pectin and so is often added to other fruits when making jam so it will set.

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).


lithotroph

(biochemistry) An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds (such as ammonia) via electron transfer.


progesterone

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛstəɹəʊn/

/pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛstəˌɹoʊn/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-progesterone.wav

From pro- (“supporting”) + Latin gestāre (“to bear, to carry”) + -one (“a ketone”).

af

Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">gestāre</i>

(biochemistry, steroids, uncountable) A steroid hormone, secreted by the ovaries, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy.

(biochemistry, steroids, countable) A synthetic version of the compound, used in contraceptive pills and other pharmaceutical products.


norepinephrine

en-noun

norepinephrine (countable and uncountable, plural norepinephrines)

/ˌnɔːɹɛpɪˈnɛfɹɪn/

For quotations using this term, see Citations:norepinephrine.

(biochemistry) A neurotransmitter found in the locus coeruleus which is synthesized from dopamine.


noradrenaline

noradrenaline (countable and uncountable, plural noradrenalines)

noradrenalines (plural)
noradrenalin (alternative)

/nɔːɹəˈdɹɛnəlɪn/

Ranicide in rats was found to be reduced by injection of noradrenaline into the hypothalamus, as was muricide behaviour (Bandler, 1970).[…]Other sites in the unspecified ‘ventral midbrain’ were also found (Bandler, 1971) at which noradrenaline administration in crystalline form served to facilitate predatory aggression (ranicide and muricide).

1984, Stephen T. Mason, “Catecholamines and vegetative behaviour”, in Catecholamines and Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section “Aggression”, page 333:

(biochemistry, chiefly UK) Synonym of norepinephrine.

noradrenalina

the compound norepinephrine — see also norepinephrine


zymosan

zymosan (countable and uncountable, plural zymosans)

(biochemistry) an insoluble carbohydrate, obtained from the cell walls of yeast, used in the bioassay of blood serum


[…] antibody response to Influenza (A2) virus.

1877, John Holmes Dingle, Biographical Memoirs, volume 61 (in English):

(virology) A type of Asian influenza virus.


Tyr

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of tyrosine


adhesion

adhesion (usually uncountable, plural adhesions)

adhesions (plural)
adhæsion (alternative)

From French adhésion, from Latin stem of adhaesio, from past participle of adhaerare.

(biochemistry) The binding of a cell to a surface or substrate.


hemicellulose

The changes in texture that occur during ripening and cooking result from changes in the cell-wall materials, in particular the cement carbohydrates. One group is the hemicelluloses, which form strengthening cross-links between celluloses. They are built up from glucose and xylose sugars, and can be partly dissolved and removed from cell walls during cooking.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 5, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) A mixture of several plant polysaccharides, of smaller molecular weight than cellulose, that are soluble in dilute alkali; they are involved in the manufacture of paper, and are used in the production of furfural and ethanol.


oligosaccharide

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide of low molecular weight, being a polymer of between three and eight monosaccharide units.


chromo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chromo-.wav

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).


melanocyte

As previously stated, it is pigmented, this pigmentation depending upon the so-called melanocytes.

1905, Willy Edward Alexander Wyman, Catechism of the Principles of Veterinary Surgery, page 06:

(medicine, biochemistry, cytology) A cell in the skin that produces the pigment melanin.


enzymology

enzymology (usually uncountable, plural enzymologies)

(biochemistry) The branch of science that studies enzymes.


inositol

inositol (countable and uncountable, plural inositols)

From its former name inosite + -ol (“an alcohol”), from Ancient Greek ἰνός (inós, genitive singular of ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon”)) + -ite.

af

genitive singular of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἴς</i> (ís, “sinew, tendon”)

(biochemistry) A simple carbocyclic sugar (hexahydroxycyclohexane; chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₆) which occurs in animal and plant tissue. Once treated as part of the vitamin B complex, but is not a vitamin as it can be synthesized by the body.


kultur

kultur (indefinite nominative singular)
kulturs (genitive indefinite singular)
kulturen (definite nominative singular)
kulturens (definite genitive singular)
kulturer (indefinite nominative plural)
kulturers (genitive indefinite plural)
kulturerna (definite nominative plural)
kulturernas (definite genitive plural)

From Latin cultūra, from colō (“I cultivate, nurture”).

kulturbudget

(state) budget for (the ministry of) cultural affairs

kulturområde

an area of culture or cultural affairs; the political area of cultural affairs

kulturpolitik

the politics of cultural affairs and endowments

kulturproposition

a bill for the politics of cultural affairs

kulturråd

council for cultural affairs, arts council; counsellor for cultural affairs

kulturutredning

government report on the politics of cultural affairs

kulturutskott

parliamentary committee on cultural affairs


coronavirus

en-noun

coronavirus (countable and uncountable, plural coronaviruses)

coronaviruses (plural)
corona virus (alternative)
corona-virus (alternative)

→ Samoan: koronavairusi

→ Tokelauan: kolonavailuhi

/kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/

/kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/

Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

From corona (“crown-like circle of light appearing around the sun”) + virus. Corona is derived from Latin corōna (“garland, wreath; crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “something curved; curved stern of a ship; end, point, tip”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”). The name refers to the characteristic appearance of its virions by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a solar corona. Compare the former genus name Coronavirus.

der

A new group of viruses with the name of coronaviruses has been recognized by an informal group of virologists who have sent their conclusions to Nature. […] In the opinion of the eight virologists these viruses are members of a previously unrecognized group which they suggest should be called the coronaviruses, to recall the characteristic appearance by which these viruses are identified in the electron microscope.

[1968 November 16, “Virology: Coronaviruses”, in Nature, volume 220, number 5168, page 650:

This characteristic structural resemblance and other shared properties of these viruses have caused certain virologists to propose the name coronavirus for this previously unrecognized group.

[1969 November, Harold S. Kaye, Walter R. Dowdle, “Some Characteristics of Hemagglutination of Certain Strains of ‘IBV-Like’ Virus”, in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 120, number 5, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, →PMID, page 576, column 1:

The virus, designated as rat coronavirus (RCV), exhibits properties representative of the coronavirus group: characteristic surface structure, particles somewhat variable in size averaging approximately 90 mμ, apparent RNA content, essential lipid, heat sensitivity, and a close serologic relationship with the mouse hepatitis virus complex.

1970 September, J. C. Parker, S. S. Cross, W. P. Rowe, “Rat Coronavirus (RCV): A Prevalent, Naturally Occurring Pneumotropic Virus of Rats”, in Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung, volume 31, numbers 3–4, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →ISSN, →OCLC, summary, page 293:

In 1971 a canine coronavirus was isolated from feces of military dogs that were suffering from severe vomiting and diarrhea. [...] Diagnosis usually is based on the history and physical examination and the identification of coronavirus by electron microscope examination of feces or by performing other laboratory tests on the feces.

1984, Johnny D. Hoskins, John D. Rhoades, “Distemper, Other Infectious Dog Diseases”, in Jack Hayes, editor, 1984 Yearbook of Agriculture: Animal Health: Livestock and Pets, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 388:

Some accompanying cytotoxicity has also been observed as well as slight activity against A59 corona virus without concurrent cytotoxicity [...].

1993, Kenneth L. Rinehart, Lois S. Shield, Martha Cohen-Parsons, “Antiviral Substances”, in David H. Attaway, Oskar R. Zaborsky, editors, Marine Biotechnology, volumes 1 (Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products), New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press, →ISBN, section 4.7 (Thyrsiferol and Related Triterpenes), page 319:

[T]he replication of the corona-virus and the herpes-simplex virus is blocked by cystatin C [...]

1997, Michiel F. J. Blankenvoorde et al., “Antibacterial Activity against Porphyromonas Gingivalis by Cystatins”, in V. K. Hopsu-Havu, M. Järvinen, H. Kirschke, editors, Proteolysis in Cell Functions, Amsterdam: IOS Press, →ISBN, page 532:

There are many viruses that have been implicated as the cause of 'colds'. Among the most common are coronaviruses, rhinoviruses and adenoviruses. Coronaviruses are so called because they look like crowns when viewed in an electron microscope, [...]

1999, J. Heritage, E[mlyn] G[lyn] V[aughan] Evans, R. A. Killington, “Microbial Infections”, in Microbiology in Action, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 2000, →ISBN, section 7.6.8 (What Causes Sore Throats and Glandular Fever?), page 191:

[T]he common cold is attributed to rhinoviruses and corona viruses; [...]

2005, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, “Sampling for Pollutants of Biological Origin”, in Occupational Exposure Assessment for Air Contaminants, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, section 14.1 (Introduction), page 221:

SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] is caused by a coronavirus. Viewed under a microscope, the virus looks like a crown, or corona. This is the same type of virus that causes the common cold and pneumonia. The coronavirus that causes SARS is called SARS-CoV.

2008, Carol Ballard, “SARS”, in AIDS and Other Epidemics (What If We Do Nothing?), Pleasantville, N.Y.: Gareth Stevens Publishing, →ISBN, page 22:

It took four months to identify the culprit of the new disease as a virus of the corona-virus family that had jumped to infect humans from wild small animals handled and consumed as food in the Guangdong province of China.

2010, Rodolfo Saracci, “What is Epidemiology?”, in Epidemiology: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

Coronaviruses are worrying because epidemics caused by other members of the viral family, SARS and MERS, have had high death rates: 10 percent for SARS, and about 35 percent for MERS.

2020 January 24, Denise Grady, “Chicago woman is second patient in U.S. with Wuhan coronavirus”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(virology) A member of the family Coronaviridae, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA.

A woman in her 70s was confirmed as the first coronavirus death in the UK on Thursday as Downing Street warned that it was now highly likely that the virus would spread in “a significant way”.

2020 March 6, “First UK death from coronavirus confirmed as cases surge to 116”, in The Guardian:

(often the intended sense, since 2020) SARS-CoV-2, the specific coronavirus that causes the infectious disease COVID-19.


coronavirus

És un virus d'una família coneguda, els coronavirus, que causa refredats i infeccions respiratòries.

2020 January 27, Cristina Mas, “Guia pràctica sobre el coronavirus”, in Ara:

It's a virus from a well-known family, the coronaviruses, which cause colds and respiratory infections.


coronavirus

From translingual Coronavirus. Equivalent to corona.

Bovendien krijgt het rhinovirus in al zijn gedaantes vaak steun van een ander soort virus, coronavirus genaamd, dat ook weer onderverdeeld kan worden in een groot aantal serotypes.

1973 January 8, “Vrijwilligers melden trots een infectie”, in Nederlands Dagblad, page 4:

(virology) coronavirus (member of the family Coronaviridae)


coronavirus

Les pays du G7 vont se concerter pour apporter une réponse face au nouveau coronavirus apparu en Chine, a annoncé dimanche le ministre allemand de la santé, dont le pays est le plus touché au sein de l’Union européenne avec 10 personnes contaminées.

2020 February 3, Isabelle Mandraud, “Partout en Europe, la peur du coronavirus s’installe”, in Le Monde:

The G7 countries will work together to respond to the novel coronavirus which has appeared in China, the German health minister announced on Sunday. His country is the most affected in the European Union, with 10 people infected.


coronavirus

O coronavirus infectou case 800 persoas na China en 24 horas, período en que morreron 24 doentes, todos eles na provincia de Hubei, da que Wuhan é capital.

2020 January 27, “Aumenta a capacidade de contaxio do coronavirus”, in TVG:

Coronavirus infected almost 800 people in China in 24 hours, a period in which 24 patients died, all in the province of Hubei, of which Wuhan is capital.


coronavirus

head

coronavirus m (genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])

Ta Ellan Vannin gimmeeaght ny sniessey da caghlaa veih strateish geddyn rey rish coronavirus gys cummal cooidjagh rish y virus.

The Isle of Man is moving closer to switching from a coronavirus elimination strategy to living with the virus.


coronavirus

Li dison coronavirus per la forma del patogèn e afèctan lo sistèma respiratòri, principalament los palmons, amb un risc de mòrt.

2020 January 25, “Vint milions de personas confinadas en China: que sabèm del novèl coronavirus?”, in Jornalet:

It is called coronavirus for the shape of the pathogen, and they affect the respiratory system, mainly the lungs, with a risk of death.


coronavirus

coronavirusuri (plural)
coronavirus (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
coronavirusul (accusative definite nominative singular)
coronavirusuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
coronavirusurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
coronavirus (indefinite singular)
coronavirusului (definite singular)
coronavirusuri (indefinite singular)
coronavirusurilor (definite plural)
coronavirusule (singular vocative)
coronavirusurilor (vocative)

Borrowed from English coronavirus (also formed from Latin corōna + virus).


coronavirus

In part from English coronavirus (also formed from combination with corona + virus).

Se cree que el coronavirus es un precursor de la infección por E. coli.

1985, Carlos Buxadé Carbó, El pollo de carne: sistemas de explotación y técnicas de producción:

It is believed that the coronavirus is a precursor to E. coli infection.

El estudio sero-epidemiológico, efecutado en 1987, ha demostrado la presencia y difusión de coronavirus respiratorio porcino en la Región de Murcia.

1993, María José Cubero Pablo, El coronavirus respiratorio porcino en la región de Murcia, page 57:

The seroepidemiological study, carried out in 1987, has demonstrated the presence and spread of porcine respiratory coronavirus in the Region of Murcia.

La nueva cepa de coronavirus, descubierta por primera vez en la ciudad de Wuhan, centro de China, causó alarma debido a su conexión con el Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS), que mató a casi 650 personas en China continental y Hong Kong en 2002-2003.

2020 January 20, Ricardo Pérez Vallejos, “Virus que provoca neumonía causa tercera muerte en China y llega a Corea del Sur”, in La Nación [Chile], archived from the original on 2020-01-28:

The new strain of coronavirus, first discovered in the city of Wuhan, central China, caused concern due to its connection to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which killed almost 650 people in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2002-2003.


coronavirus

coronavirus (indefinite nominative singular)
coronavirus (genitive indefinite singular)
coronaviruset (definite nominative singular)
coronavirusets (definite genitive singular)
coronavirus (indefinite nominative plural)
coronavirus (genitive indefinite plural)
coronavirusen (definite nominative plural)
coronavirusens (definite genitive plural)


coronavirus

[kɔ˧˧ zo˧˧ naː˧˧ vi˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[kɔ˧˧ zo˧˧ naː˧˧ vi˧˧ zut̚˧˦]

[ko˧˧ zo˧˧ naː˧˧ vi˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[kɔ˧˧ ʐow˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[kow˧˧ ʐow˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[kɔ˧˧ ɹow˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[kɔ˧˧ ɹow˧˧ naː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[kow˧˧ ɹow˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[kow˧˧ ɹow˧˧ naː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

English coronavirus. From translingual Coronavirus, from Latin corona+Latin virus, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Compare virus corona.

Bộ Ngoại giao Việt Nam hôm qua xác nhận có 8285 người Việt “đang sinh sống, học tập và lao động” tại thành phố Daegu, tâm dịch coronavirus ở Hàn Quốc.

2020 February 24, Trinh Nguyễn, “Hàn Quốc trở thành tâm dịch coronavirus lớn nhất bên ngoài Trung Quốc [South Korea becomes the largest concentration of a coronavirus outbreak outside China]”, in SBS Vietnamese, Special Broadcasting Service, retrieved 2020-03-19:

The Vietnam Foreign Ministry yesterday confirmed that 8,285 Vietnamese “are living, studying, and working” in the city of Daegu, the epicenter of a coronavirus outbreak in South Korea.

Italia bị dịch Coronavirus nặng nhất sau Trung Quốc.

2020 March 14, Trần Đức Anh, “Sinh hoạt Công Giáo đó đây trước nạn dịch Coronavirus [Catholic activities everywhere before the coronavirus outbreak]”, in Vatican News, Pontifical Council for Social Communications, retrieved 2020-03-19:

Italy suffered the worst coronavirus outbreak after China.


dopamina

pt-noun

dopamina f (usually uncountable, plural dopaminas)

(biochemistry) dopamine (neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning and pleasure)


toxication

(biochemistry) the metabolism of a drug or other compound to produce a toxic metabolite


原生生物

ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄥ ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ

юаньшэн шэнъу

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/


expressing

/ɛkˈspɹɛsɪŋ/

/ɪkˈspɹɛsɪŋ/

(biochemistry) That translates or transcribes nucleic acid.


heteroclitic

en-adj

heteroclitic (comparative more heteroclitic, superlative most heteroclitic)

more heteroclitic (comparative)
most heteroclitic (superlative)

[…] a heteroclitic response was never observed after the immunization with the deamidated peptide […]

2011, Eric J. Toone, Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, page 300:

(microbiology) Pertaining to antibodies that react to a wide variety of antigens.


tyramine

en-noun

tyramine (countable and uncountable, plural tyramines)

(biochemistry) A compound which occurs naturally in cheese and other foods and can cause dangerously high blood pressure in people taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.


tyrosinase

tyrosinase (countable and uncountable, plural tyrosinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, similar to catechol oxidase, that catalyzes the production of phenolic pigments such as melanin.


ketogenesis

/ˌkiːtəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

(physiology, biochemistry) The metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to produce ketone bodies.


ketogenic

en-adj

ketogenic (comparative more ketogenic, superlative most ketogenic)

more ketogenic (comparative)
most ketogenic (superlative)
keto (alternative)

/ˌkiːtəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/


immunoglobulin

immunoglobulins (plural)
Ig (alternative)

The recent observation that a heat labile human immunoglobulin, IgE , could mediate the release of both histamine and SRS-Aᵐᵒⁿᵏᵉʸ from primate lung slices (Ishizaka et al., 1969), prompted a re-examination of the biologic activity of rat heat labile homocytotropic antibody.

1969, Robert P. Orange, K. Frank Austen, “Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis”, in Advances in Immunology - Volume 10, page 144:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.


melanin

en-noun

melanin (countable and uncountable, plural melanins)

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek stem of μέλας (mélas, “black”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of naturally occurring dark pigments, especially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers.


melanin

melanin (indefinite nominative singular)
melanins (genitive indefinite singular)
melaninet (definite nominative singular)
melaninets (definite genitive singular)


curcumin

curcumin (countable and uncountable, plural curcumins)

From translingual Curcuma, from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “turmeric”) + -in.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A polyphenol (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione; a major constituent of the spice turmeric.


polyphenol

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains and other plant foods, like nuts and legumes, are rich in polyphenols — antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that some research suggests can support healthy aging.

2024 September 2, Alice Callahan, “How to Eat for a Long and Healthy Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a large class of organic compounds, of plant origin, having more than one phenol group; they tend to be colourful and to have antioxidant properties.

多酚

any of a large class of organic compounds


culture medium

(microbiology) A liquid or gel, containing nutrients, that is used to cultivate microorganisms.


xanthine oxidase

xanthine oxidase (plural xanthine oxidases)

(biochemistry) A crystallizable flavoprotein enzyme containing iron and molybdenum that promotes the oxidation especially of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid and of many aldehydes to carboxylic acids and that is obtained usually from milk or liver.


gorgonin

(biochemistry) A complex protein frequently containing appreciable quantities of iodine and bromine that makes up the horny skeleton of typical gorgonians.

gorgonina

protein that makes up the skeleton of gorgonians


biolytic

(biochemistry) Broken down by a biochemical process


inulin

inulin (usually uncountable, plural inulins)

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide found in the roots and tubers of certain plants, especially the Compositae; it is mostly a polymer of fructose.


lipopeptide

(biochemistry) An organic complex of lipids and peptides


thrombin

thrombin (countable and uncountable, plural thrombins)

(biochemistry) An enzyme in blood that facilitates blood clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin (by means of ionized calcium).


probiotic

(bacteriology) A food or dietary supplement, such as a yogurt, containing live bacteria for therapeutic reasons.


-ina

es-noun

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)


vomiting

en-noun

vomiting (countable and uncountable, plural vomitings)

Epilepsies, or fallings and reelings, and beastly vomitings. The least of these, even when the tongue begins to be untied, is a degree of drunkenness.

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

It is certainly probable that these black vomitings and stools may be absent, and in that case it would be extremely difficult to diagnose between simple ulcer of the stomach and non-ulcerative gastritis.

1856, William Harcourt Ranking, Charles Bland Radcliffe, William Dommett Stone, The Half-yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences:

(bacteriology) The act of one who vomits, or the matter that is vomited.


monoclonal

One of the first examples of the immunogenicity of recombinantly derived antibodies was with murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) used in the induction of immunosupression after organ transplantation.

2002, Gilbert S. Banker, Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 4th edition, Informa Health Care, →ISBN, page 699:

(biochemistry) genetically engineered from a single clone; used especially of a protein or antibody


monoclonal

(immunochemistry) something produced from a single clone, especially a monoclonal antibody


chlorophyllin

(biochemistry) Any water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll in which the central magnesium atom is replaced (often with copper), and a number of side-chains are converted into sodium salts.

clorofil·lina

biochemistry: water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll


salting out

(biochemistry) A technique for the separation of proteins by differential precipitation in a solution of sodium chloride or ammonium sulphate.


adrenalin

adrenalin (nominative singular)
adrenaliny (nominative plural)
adrenalinu (genitive singular)
adrenalinů (genitive plural)
adrenalinu (dative singular)
adrenalinům (dative plural)
adrenalin (accusative singular)
adrenaliny (accusative plural)
adrenaline (singular vocative)
adrenaliny (plural vocative)
adrenalinu (locative singular)
adrenalinech (locative plural)
adrenalinem (instrumental singular)
adrenaliny (instrumental plural)

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


adrenalin

adrénalin (canonical)
adrénalina (alternative)


adrenalin

sh-noun

adrenàlīn m (Cyrillic spelling адрена̀лӣн, relational adjective adrenàlīnskī)

adrenàlīn (canonical masculine)
адрена̀лӣн (Cyrillic)
adrenàlīnskī (adjective relational)
adrenàlīn (nominative singular)
adrenalína (genitive singular)
adrenalínu (dative singular)
adrenàlīn (accusative singular)
ȁdrenalīne (singular vocative)
adrenalínu (locative singular)
adrenalínom (instrumental singular)


adrenalin

adrenalin (indefinite nominative singular)
adrenalins (genitive indefinite singular)
adrenalinet (definite nominative singular)
adrenalinets (definite genitive singular)


adrenalin

adrenalin (nominative singular)
adrenalini (accusative definite singular)
adrenaline (dative singular)
adrenalinde (locative singular)
adrenalinden (ablative singular)
adrenalinin (genitive singular)


adrenalin

adrenalin (nominative singular-only)
adrenalini (accusative singular-only)
adrenaliniň (genitive singular-only)
adrenaline (dative singular-only)
adrenalinde (locative singular-only)
adrenalinden (ablative singular-only)


adrenalin

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɹe˧˧ naː˧˧ lin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɹej˧˧ naː˧˧ lin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɹej˧˧ naː˧˧ lɨn˧˧]


saponin

“Saponins aren't absorbed by the intestines. You've got to get the stuff into the blood.”

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 111:

Soapnuts are the dried fruit of a tree called Sapindus mukorossi (Chinese Soapberry) and contain saponin, a natural surfactant that foams just like soap.

2015, Beth Terry, Plastic-Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of various steroid glycosides found in plant tissues that dissolve in water to give a soapy froth.


lectin

From Latin lēctus (“chosen”) + -in. Coined by W.C. Boyd in 1954.

The result proved less about the safety of genetic engineering than it did about the safety of lectins – known animal poisons.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 252:

Soybeans are another excellent source of plant proteins but they are also on the list of high lectin foods. They are very important to vegans and vegetarians as they make it easy for them to get adequate proteins in their diet.

2018, Stanley Adamson, Lectin Free Handbook: The Essential Guide To The Lectin Diet Plus A 7-Day Lectin Avoidance Meal Plan And Recipes, PublishDrive:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind specific carbohydrates.


adrenochrome

en-noun

adrenochrome (countable and uncountable, plural adrenochromes)

Investigation of the chemical constitution showed that it has the properties of N-methyl-2:3-dihydro-3-hydroxyindole-5:6-quinone. The shorter name adrenochrome is proposed for this substance. […] Adrenochrome is a very unstable substance: it is completely destroyed in 4 min. by 1% hydrochloric acid, and in 40 sec. by 1% ammonia.

1937, David Ezra Green, “Adrenaline and Adrenochrome”, in The Biochemical Journal, volume 31, number 4, page 596:

(biochemistry) An oxidation product of adrenaline or epinephrine; its semicarbazone is used as a drug to reduce bleeding.


apo-

From the Ancient Greek prefix ἀπό- (apó-), from the preposition ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”), from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), whence the English words off and of, and ab- (via Latin). Doublet of ab- and off-.

der

aporeceptor is a receptor that targets apoproteins or apolipoproteins, apoflavoprotein is the apoprotein of a flavoprotein, apomucin is the apoprotein of a mucin

(biochemistry) An apoenzyme: an enzyme without its cofactor; associated apoproteins.

apoglobin is a form of a globin that lacks a heme unit, apomyoglobin is a form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit, apometalloprotein is the form of a metalloprotein that lacks the coordinated metal atom

Lacking, without, scant.
(biochemistry) Lacking a metallic unit.

Lacking, without, scant.
Lacking a metallic unit.


apo-

(biochemistry) apo- (the apoprotein form of the protein)


amygdalin

(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.


catecholamine

Epinephrine and dopamine are two other catecholamine transmitters.

1988, Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd edition, page 1025:

The catecholamines are used in several motivational and emotional systems of the brain, and their concentration is regulated by proteins that break them down or recycle them.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 746:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.


liposome

From lipo- (“fat”) + -some (“body”). From Ancient Greek λίπος (lípos, “fat”) and Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “soma”).

Albrecht applied the term "liposome" to small refractive droplets observed in freshly mounted sections of liver and other tissues.

1930 September, Ben Dawes, “The Absorption of Fats and Lipoids in the Plaice (P. platessa L.)”, in Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, volume 17, number 1, page 75:

(biochemistry) An aqueous compartment enclosed by a bimolecular membrane, typically of phospholipid; a lipid vesicle.


phosphatidylcholine

(biochemistry) The phospholipid phosphatidyl choline


phosphatidylglycerol

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any phospholipid in which the small organic molecule is glycerol


cephalin

In 1912 Howell reported the results of a study of the thromboplastic action of the tissues in which he showed that the active substance is a phosphatid having the general properties of cephalin.

1916 June, Jay McLean, “The Thromboplastic Action of Cephalin”, in American Journal of Physiology, volume 41, pages 250–257:

(biochemistry) A phospholipid found particularly in the cells of nervous tissue; it is also the primary phospholipid in bacteria.


ergotamine

en-noun

ergotamine (countable and uncountable, plural ergotamines)

/ɜːˈɡɒtəmiːn/

Borrowed from German Ergotamin, corresponding to ergot + -amine.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic acid.


galactose

galactose (countable and uncountable, plural galactoses)

From Ancient Greek γάλακτος (gálaktos, “milk”) + -ose (“sugar”).

uder

(biochemistry) A monosaccharide found, along with lactose, in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found associated with glycolipids and glycoproteins.


galactose

(biochemistry) galactose (a monosaccharide found in dairy products)


glycolipid

(biochemistry) An association of a carbohydrate and a phospholipid, such as phosphatidylinositol, found in cell membranes

糖脂

an association of a carbohydrate and a phospholipid found in cell membranes

(biochemistry) A similar compound lacking a phosphate group


glucosamine

en-noun

glucosamine (countable and uncountable, plural glucosamines)

(biochemistry) An amino derivative of glucose that is a component of polysaccharides such as chitin; it is marketed as a dietary supplement supposedly to reduce the symptoms of arthritis.


hyoscyamine

From Latin hyoscyamus (“henbane”) + -ine.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A poisonous alkaloid present in henbane that is the stereoisomer of atropine, with similar properties to hyoscine, and used medicinally to treat abdominal pain and similar conditions.


monoamine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monoamine.wav

Dopamine and norepinephrine are so-called monoamines.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 167:

The first effective drugs used to treat clinical depression were compounds that act by enhancing the activity of chemicals known as monoamines in the brain.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 55:

(chemistry, biochemistry) Any compound having a single amino functional group, especially a neurotransmitter.


penicillamine

penicillamine (countable and uncountable, plural penicillamines)

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid produced by the hydrolysis of penicillins, used pharmacologically as a chelating agent to remove heavy metals such as copper from the body, and as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially for rheumatoid arthritis; 2-amino-3-methyl-3-mercaptobutanoic acid, (CH₃)₂C(SH)CH(NH₂)COOH.


prolamine

(biochemistry) any of a class of proteins, high in proline, found in the seeds of cereals


protamine

(biochemistry) Any of various strongly basic proteins of relatively low molecular weight that are rich in arginine and are found associated especially with DNA in place of histone in the sperm cells of various animals (such as fish).


pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine (countable and uncountable, plural pyridoxamines)

(biochemistry) A constituent of vitamin B6, essential for the metabolism of starch and amino acids.


thiamine

thiamine (usually uncountable, plural thiamines)

(biochemistry) One of the constituents of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast and bran, that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates.


tryptamine

tryptamine (countable and uncountable, plural tryptamines)

By surface analysis, tryptophan + amine.

(uncountable, biochemistry) A heterocyclic amine found in both plant and animal tissue, where it is an intermediate in several metabolic schemes.


lysozyme

[Alexander Fleming] had in 1923 discovered lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme found in saliva, mucus and tears as part of the body’s first line of defence against invading pathogens.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), pages 47–48:

(biochemistry) A bacteriolytic (or antibiotic) enzyme found in many animal secretions, and in egg white.


nisin

nisin (countable and uncountable, plural nisins)

Blend of group N + streptococci + inhibitory substance.

blend

Lactococcus lactis
Lactococcus lactis#Translingual

(biochemistry) A polycyclic peptide produced by fermentation with the bacterium Lactococcus lactis; used as a preservative in processed cheese etc.


engager

To address this limitation, strategies for redirecting T cells to treat cancer are being intensively investigated, while the bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy constitutes one of the most promising therapeutic approaches.

2021 May 26, Shujie Zhou, Mingguo Liu, Fei Ren, Xiangjiao Meng, Jinming Yu, “The landscape of bispecific T cell engager in cancer treatment”, in Biomarker Research, volume 9, →DOI, article 38, page 1:

(biochemistry) A particle or compound which engages certain cells in a process.


aldosterone

/ælˈdɒstəɹəʊn/

From aldo- (“related to aldehydes”) + -sterone, modelled on German Aldosteron; coined in the 1950s.

af

(biochemistry, steroids) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.


corticosteroid

(biochemistry, steroids) Any of a group of steroid hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that are involved in a large range of physiological systems.

Wúràọlá’s first patient was a man who had not noticed any significant improvement after a regimen of corticosteroids had been prescribed for his spondylosis.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 209:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of several synthetic hormones of related structure.


androsterone

en-noun

androsterone (countable and uncountable, plural androsterones)

(biochemistry, steroids) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.


androgenic

en-adj

androgenic (comparative more androgenic, superlative most androgenic)

more androgenic (comparative)
most androgenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of, relating to, or being an androgen.


corticosterone

en-noun

corticosterone (countable and uncountable, plural corticosterones)

“The brain doesn’t get the rest it needs, resulting in a drop in executive function and accompanied by an increase in corticosterone levels.”

2022, Bonnie Garmus, Lessons in Chemistry, Penguin (2023), page 206:

(biochemistry, steroids) A corticosteroid hormone, produced in the adrenal glands, involved in metabolism.


cortisone

cortisone (countable and uncountable, plural cortisones)

(biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A corticosteroid hormone, closely related to corticosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergy agent. 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone, with formula C₂₁H₂₈O₅.


antiandrogen

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the release or the biological effects of an androgen.

抗雄激素

any substance that inhibits the release or biological effects of an androgen


deoxycorticosterone

deoxycorticosterone (countable and uncountable, plural deoxycorticosterones)

deoxycorticosterones (plural)
DOC (abbreviation)
desoxycorticosterone (alternative)
desoxycortone (alternative)
deoxycortone (alternative)

(biochemistry, steroids) A steroid hormone, produced in the adrenal cortex; sometimes manufactured synthetically for use in cases of adrenal insufficiency.


estrone

estrone (countable and uncountable, plural estrones)

estrones (plural)
oestrone (alternative)

(American spelling, biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A natural estrogenic hormone that is a ketone C₁₈H₂₂O₂ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of and less potent than estradiol, that is also secreted especially by the ovaries, and that is used to treat various conditions (such as ovarian failure and menopausal symptoms) relating to estrogen deficiency.


theelin

The isolation of the crystalline hormone seems to justify the selection of a new name which should be reserved for the crystalline material and which in reality becomes the name of a new and probably hitherto unknown chemical substance. Accordingly, we suggest the term “theelin.“ This word is derived from the Greek word “theelus” used both adjectively and nominally to signify “female.”

1930 June, CD Veler, “The preparation of the crystalline follicular ovarian hormone: Theelin”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, page 357:

(biochemistry, steroids) The steroid hormone estrone.


estrogenic

Assuming, for the moment, that one is of some definite genetic sex, at birth […] Suppose, in addition, I am born with a vagina and an estrogenic capability toward femininity.

1978 April 15, Sally Anne Douglas, “Who Am I?”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(biochemistry) Of, relating to, or acting like estrogen.

estrogeeni-

of, relating to, or acting like estrogen


gram-positive

From Gram (“a surname”) + positive, after Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who invented the Gram staining method.

(medicine, bacteriology, of a bacterium) That is stained violet by Gram's method


cortisol

cortisol (countable and uncountable, plural cortisols)

There is experimental evidence showing that cortisol restrains the intensity and duration of the emergency reaction to stress, and catecholamines have been shown to enhance emotional memory in the amygdala (see subsection on "Noradrenaline"). Thus, individuals lacking cortisol would overstore traumatic memories .

2006, Marcus Lira Brandão, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Neurobiology of Mental Disorders, page 36:

“While chronic stress can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the body, those levels don’t usually rise high enough to create a moon face,” said dermatologist Dr. Rajani Katta, a clinical assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.

2024 October 17, Sandee LaMotte, “Stress and ‘moon face’: What experts say about this TikTok trend”, in CNN:

(biochemistry, steroids) A glucocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes (such as gluconeogenesis), has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or psychological stress. When used medicinally it is known as hydrocortisone.


cortisol

(biochemistry, steroids) cortisol (Steroid hormone (C21H30O5) secreted by the adrenal cortex or obtained synthetically, used for medicinal purposes mainly for its anti-inflammatory effects.)


phytoestrogen

Furthermore, Kumar et al. investigated the synergistic effects of three phytoestrogens (genistein, quercetin and biochanin A) and found that these phytoestrogens in combination had a more potent inhibitory effect on androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell growth in vitro.

2015 July 25, “Divide and Conquer May Not Be the Optimal Approach to Retain the Desirable Estrogenic Attributes of the Cyclopia Nutraceutical Extract, SM6Met”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

“Overall, we did not find an association between phytoestrogens and night sweats,” Muka said, though a single experiment with red clover found a reduction in the frequency of night sweats. This is insufficient, though, to draw any firm conclusions.
“A main concern of our study was the length of follow-up,” Muka said. Since most of the research included just 12 to 16 weeks of follow-up, he and his colleagues cannot define the long-term effects of phytoestrogen and whether they might have adverse effects over time.

2016 June 21, Susan Scutti, “Herbal remedies improve early menopause symptoms”, in CNN:

(biochemistry) A substance found in certain plants (such as genistein) which can produce effects like that of the hormone estrogen when ingested into the body.


plastoquinone

plastoquinone (countable and uncountable, plural plastoquinones)

(biochemistry) a quinone, related to the carotenoids, involved in the electron transport process of photosynthesis


glucocorticoid

(biochemistry, steroids) Any of a group of steroid hormones, produced by the adrenal cortex, that are involved in metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties.


ribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid.

ribonucléase

enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


monospecific

en-adj

monospecific (comparative more monospecific, superlative most monospecific)

more monospecific (comparative)
most monospecific (superlative)

(microbiology, Of a group of antibodies) with affinity for the same antigen.


CSP

en-noun

CSP (countable and uncountable, plural CSPs)

CSPs (plural)
C.S.P. (alternative)
C. S. P. (alternative)
C S P (alternative)

circumsporozoite protein
circumsporozoite protein#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of circumsporozoite protein.


kanta

kanta (nominative singular)
kannat (nominative plural)
kanta (accusative nominative singular)
kannat (accusative nominative plural)
kannan (accusative genitive singular)
kannat (accusative genitive plural)
kannan (genitive singular)
kantojen (genitive plural)
kantain (genitive plural rare)
kantaa (partitive singular)
kantoja (partitive plural)
kannassa (inessive singular)
kannoissa (inessive plural)
kannasta (elative singular)
kannoista (elative plural)
kantaan (illative singular)
kantoihin (illative plural)
kannalla (adessive singular)
kannoilla (adessive plural)
kannalta (ablative singular)
kannoilta (ablative plural)
kannalle (allative singular)
kannoille (allative plural)
kantana (essive singular)
kantoina (essive plural)
kannaksi (singular translative)
kannoiksi (plural translative)
kannatta (abessive singular)
kannoitta (abessive plural)
kannoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kantani (nominative singular)
kantani (nominative plural)
kantani (accusative nominative singular)
kantani (accusative nominative plural)
kantani (accusative genitive singular)
kantani (accusative genitive plural)
kantani (genitive singular)
kantojeni (genitive plural)
kantaini (genitive plural rare)
kantaani (partitive singular)
kantojani (partitive plural)
kannassani (inessive singular)
kannoissani (inessive plural)
kannastani (elative singular)
kannoistani (elative plural)
kantaani (illative singular)
kantoihini (illative plural)
kannallani (adessive singular)
kannoillani (adessive plural)
kannaltani (ablative singular)
kannoiltani (ablative plural)
kannalleni (allative singular)
kannoilleni (allative plural)
kantanani (essive singular)
kantoinani (essive plural)
kannakseni (singular translative)
kannoikseni (plural translative)
kannattani (abessive singular)
kannoittani (abessive plural)
kantoineni (comitative plural)
kantasi (nominative singular)
kantasi (nominative plural)
kantasi (accusative nominative singular)
kantasi (accusative nominative plural)
kantasi (accusative genitive singular)
kantasi (accusative genitive plural)
kantasi (genitive singular)
kantojesi (genitive plural)
kantaisi (genitive plural rare)
kantaasi (partitive singular)
kantojasi (partitive plural)
kannassasi (inessive singular)
kannoissasi (inessive plural)
kannastasi (elative singular)
kannoistasi (elative plural)
kantaasi (illative singular)
kantoihisi (illative plural)
kannallasi (adessive singular)
kannoillasi (adessive plural)
kannaltasi (ablative singular)
kannoiltasi (ablative plural)
kannallesi (allative singular)
kannoillesi (allative plural)
kantanasi (essive singular)
kantoinasi (essive plural)
kannaksesi (singular translative)
kannoiksesi (plural translative)
kannattasi (abessive singular)
kannoittasi (abessive plural)
kantoinesi (comitative plural)
kantamme (nominative singular)
kantamme (nominative plural)
kantamme (accusative nominative singular)
kantamme (accusative nominative plural)
kantamme (accusative genitive singular)
kantamme (accusative genitive plural)
kantamme (genitive singular)
kantojemme (genitive plural)
kantaimme (genitive plural rare)
kantaamme (partitive singular)
kantojamme (partitive plural)
kannassamme (inessive singular)
kannoissamme (inessive plural)
kannastamme (elative singular)
kannoistamme (elative plural)
kantaamme (illative singular)
kantoihimme (illative plural)
kannallamme (adessive singular)
kannoillamme (adessive plural)
kannaltamme (ablative singular)
kannoiltamme (ablative plural)
kannallemme (allative singular)
kannoillemme (allative plural)
kantanamme (essive singular)
kantoinamme (essive plural)
kannaksemme (singular translative)
kannoiksemme (plural translative)
kannattamme (abessive singular)
kannoittamme (abessive plural)
kantoinemme (comitative plural)
kantanne (nominative singular)
kantanne (nominative plural)
kantanne (accusative nominative singular)
kantanne (accusative nominative plural)
kantanne (accusative genitive singular)
kantanne (accusative genitive plural)
kantanne (genitive singular)
kantojenne (genitive plural)
kantainne (genitive plural rare)
kantaanne (partitive singular)
kantojanne (partitive plural)
kannassanne (inessive singular)
kannoissanne (inessive plural)
kannastanne (elative singular)
kannoistanne (elative plural)
kantaanne (illative singular)
kantoihinne (illative plural)
kannallanne (adessive singular)
kannoillanne (adessive plural)
kannaltanne (ablative singular)
kannoiltanne (ablative plural)
kannallenne (allative singular)
kannoillenne (allative plural)
kantananne (essive singular)
kantoinanne (essive plural)
kannaksenne (singular translative)
kannoiksenne (plural translative)
kannattanne (abessive singular)
kannoittanne (abessive plural)
kantoinenne (comitative plural)
kantansa (nominative singular)
kantansa (nominative plural)
kantansa (accusative nominative singular)
kantansa (accusative nominative plural)
kantansa (accusative genitive singular)
kantansa (accusative genitive plural)
kantansa (genitive singular)
kantojensa (genitive plural)
kantainsa (genitive plural rare)
kantaansa (partitive singular)
kantojaan (partitive plural)
kantojansa (partitive plural)
kannassaan (inessive singular)
kannassansa (inessive singular)
kannoissaan (inessive plural)
kannoissansa (inessive plural)
kannastaan (elative singular)
kannastansa (elative singular)
kannoistaan (elative plural)
kannoistansa (elative plural)
kantaansa (illative singular)
kantoihinsa (illative plural)
kannallaan (adessive singular)
kannallansa (adessive singular)
kannoillaan (adessive plural)
kannoillansa (adessive plural)
kannaltaan (ablative singular)
kannaltansa (ablative singular)
kannoiltaan (ablative plural)
kannoiltansa (ablative plural)
kannalleen (allative singular)
kannallensa (allative singular)
kannoilleen (allative plural)
kannoillensa (allative plural)
kantanaan (essive singular)
kantanansa (essive singular)
kantoinaan (essive plural)
kantoinansa (essive plural)
kannakseen (singular translative)
kannaksensa (singular translative)
kannoikseen (plural translative)
kannoiksensa (plural translative)
kannattaan (abessive singular)
kannattansa (abessive singular)
kannoittaan (abessive plural)
kannoittansa (abessive plural)
kantoineen (comitative plural)
kantoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkɑ̝n̪t̪ɑ̝]

From Proto-Finnic *kanta, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kanta. Cognates include Estonian kand, Erzya кандо (kando, “log, load”), Moksha канда (kanda), Northern Khanty ҳонт (ḥont) and Northern Mansi [script needed] (χānta).

(microbiology) strain (particular variety of microbe, organism etc.)


acetylcholine

acetylcholine (countable and uncountable, plural acetylcholines)

Acetylcholine build-up in the body can be toxic.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 11:

(biochemistry) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH₃COOCH₂CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃.


acetylcholinesterase

acetylcholinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural acetylcholinesterases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


epe

epék (plural)
epe (nominative singular)
epék (nominative plural)
epét (accusative singular)
epéket (accusative plural)
epének (dative singular)
epéknek (dative plural)
epével (instrumental singular)
epékkel (instrumental plural)
epéért (causal-final singular)
epékért (causal-final plural)
epévé (singular translative)
epékké (plural translative)
epéig (singular terminative)
epékig (plural terminative)
epeként (essive-formal singular)
epékként (essive-formal plural)
epében (inessive singular)
epékben (inessive plural)
epén (singular superessive)
epéken (plural superessive)
epénél (adessive singular)
epéknél (adessive plural)
epébe (illative singular)
epékbe (illative plural)
epére (singular sublative)
epékre (plural sublative)
epéhez (allative singular)
epékhez (allative plural)
epéből (elative singular)
epékből (elative plural)
epéről (delative singular)
epékről (delative plural)
epétől (ablative singular)
epéktől (ablative plural)
epéé (singular)
epéké (plural)
epééi (singular)
epékéi (plural)
epém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
epéim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
epéd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
epéid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
epéje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
epéi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
epénk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
epéink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
epétek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
epéitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
epéjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
epéik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säppä. Cognates include Finnish sappi, Estonian sapp and Erzya сэпе (sëpe). Its current form is the result of rebracketing an earlier form *ep possessive-suffixed with -e, compare vese, zúza, ipa, and possibly apa.

(biochemistry) bile (a bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion)


-ergic

(chiefly biochemistry) Produced or activated by (the specified thing).


tocopherol

From Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”) + φέρειν (phérein, “to bear or carry”) + -ol.

compound

(biochemistry) Any of several isomers of the principal component of vitamin E, each containing a chromanol ring and an isoprene side-chain.

E308 and E309 when used as an antioxidant


pollinium

(palynology) A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids, which is dispersed as a single unit during pollination.

polyad

any group of more than four pollen grains


receptor

From Middle English receptour, from Old French receptour or Latin receptōrius, from recipiō (“receive”), from re- (“back”) + capiō (“I hold”).

continuous erythropoietin receptor activator

In the target organ, the drug is recognised by ‘receptors’. These are large molecules, usually proteins, to which the drug binds tightly and with a high degree of specificity.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 24:

White blood cells of the immune system, the gut and the spleen also have another type of cannabinoid receptor, known as CB2.

2019 May 14, Moises Velasquez-Manoff, “Can CBD Really Do All That?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions.

受體 /受体

a protein on a cell wall that responds to sensory stimuli


receptor

receptor (nominative singular)
receptorzy (nominative plural)
receptory (derogatory nominative plural)
receptora (genitive singular)
receptorów (genitive plural)
receptorowi (dative singular)
receptorom (dative plural)
receptora (accusative singular)
receptorów (accusative plural)
receptorem (instrumental singular)
receptorami (instrumental plural)
receptorze (locative singular)
receptorach (locative plural)
receptorze (singular vocative)
receptorzy (plural vocative)

(biochemistry, medicine) sensory receptor (protein on a cell wall that responds to sensory stimuli)


hydrolase

→ Polish: hydrolaza

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a substrate.


IPTG

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside.


pyridoxine

en-noun

pyridoxine (countable and uncountable, plural pyridoxines)

/ˌpɪɹɪˈdɒksɪn/

(biochemistry) A derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch.


pyridoxine

(biochemistry) pyridoxine (a derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch)


apo

In this scenario, unbound proteins are predominantly in the ligand-free ("apo") structure.

2009 January 30, Robert B. Best, Gerhard Hummer, “BIOCHEMISTRY: Unfolding the Secrets of Calmodulin”, in Science:

(biochemistry, of a protein) In an inactive, unbound state


apo

(biochemistry) Short for apolipoprotein.


furfural

nominative
furfural (singular)
furfuraly (plural)
genitive
furfuralu (singular)
furfuralov (plural)
dative
furfuralom (plural)
accusative
locative
furfurale (singular)
furfuraloch (plural)
instrumental
furfuralom (singular)
furfuralmi (plural)


monoamine oxidase

monoamine oxidase (plural monoamine oxidases)

monoamine oxidases (plural)
as MAO (abbreviation)

(biochemistry) Either of two enzymes, found in the outer membrane of mitochondria, that degrade biogenic amines and are thus responsible for the destruction of transmitter substances at neuronal synapses.

monoaminooxidasa

biochemistry: enzyme that degrades biogenic amines


oxidase

From oxide + -ase introduced by Gabriel Bertrand.

The effects of hemoglobin in anemia and chlorosis, and even in tuberculosis, are due to its triple action; it acts opotherapeutically, through the blood oxydases, which it contains when properly prepared.

1915, “Hemoglobin in Anemia”, in American Medicine, volume 21, page 22:

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes which catalyze oxidation reactions, especially ones using molecular oxygen.


pyrrolysine

(biochemistry) An amino acid found in methanogenic bacteria.


zoonosis

zoonoses (plural)
zoönosis (alternative)

From zoo- + (itself from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”)) + Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “disease”) (compare also nosology); the surface analysis is almost, although not quite, zoo- + -osis; compare also anthroponosis.

1982 February 11, A.L. Ritterson, “Valentine's day: is love really a zoonosis?”, in New England Journal of Medicine, volume 306, archived from the original on 2023-10-04, pages 372-373:

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 25, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

(biology, microbiology) An animal disease, such as rabies or anthrax, that can be transmitted to humans.

zoonoz

animal disease that can be transmitted to humans


flavoprotein

(biochemistry) any of a group of enzymes, containing flavin, that act as dehydrogenases


hydrogen cycle

(biochemistry) the transmission of hydrogen from water to carbohydrates etc and back to water by living organisms


photohydrogen

(biochemistry) hydrogen produced (along with oxygen) by the photolytic decomposition of water in certain anaerobic algae etc


mycotoxin

They damaged his nervous system with a wartime Russian mycotoxin.

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 6:

(biochemistry) Any substance, produced by a mold or fungus, that is injurious to vertebrates upon ingestion, inhalation or skin contact.


cappa

Learned borrowing from Late Latin cappa. Doublet of capa and cape.

(palynology) The thick wall on the proximal side of the corpus of a pollen grain.


chaperone

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/

/ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/

(biochemistry) A protein that assists the non-covalent folding/unfolding and the assembly/disassembly of other macromolecular structures, but does not occur in these structures when the latter are performing their normal biological functions.

protein that aids in folding other proteins

分子伴侣 (fēnzǐ bànlǚ, literally “molecular companion”)


pilocarpine

pilocarpine (countable and uncountable, plural pilocarpines)

From translingual Pilocarpus (“genus name”) + -ine.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A miotic alkaloid C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂ obtained from jaborandi that is used chiefly in the form of its hydrochloride or nitrate especially in the treatment of glaucoma.


muscarine

en-noun

muscarine (countable and uncountable, plural muscarines)

From the fungus Amanita muscaria, from Latin musca (“fly”).

(biochemistry) An extremely poisonous alkaloid, obtained from fly agaric, that disrupts the action of acetylcholine neurotransmitter.


nicotinamide

nicotinamide (countable and uncountable, plural nicotinamides)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The amide of nicotinic acid (or niacin).

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate


ketoaldose

(biochemistry) Any monosaccharide which contains both an aldehyde and a ketone functional group in equilibrium with one or more hemiacetal forms.


aldose

The saccharides include such substances as dextrose and levulose, which are typical examples of the two classes into which these bodies are divisible, viz. the Aldoses and Ketoses.

1895, Richard Lloyd Whiteley, chapter XXXV, in Organic Chemistry: The Fatty Compounds, London, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 263:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.


aldose

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) aldose (any of a class of monosaccharides)


neurohypophysis hormone

neurohypophysis hormone (plural neurohypophysis hormones)

(biochemistry) either of two peptide hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis


co-agonist

(biochemistry) A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring substance. Co-agonist implies it is one of other agonists working in conjunction.


NAD

(biochemistry) Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.


NADP

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.


nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (uncountable)

The treatment in mice involved boosting their levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) – a natural protein that already controls DNA repair in our body.

2017 March 24, Tom Bawden, Not getting any older may be possibility after key discovery, in the i, № 1,975, page 15/5:

(biochemistry) An organic coenzyme involved in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.


nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide

nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide (uncountable)


TPN

triphosphopyridine nucleotide
triphosphopyridine nucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of triphosphopyridine nucleotide.


DPN

DPN (countable and uncountable, plural DPNs)

diphosphopyridine nucleotide
diphosphopyridine nucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of diphosphopyridine nucleotide.


diphosphopyridine nucleotide

diphosphopyridine nucleotide (plural diphosphopyridine nucleotides)

diphosphopyridine nucleotides (plural)
as DPN (abbreviation)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(biochemistry) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide


triphosphopyridine nucleotide

triphosphopyridine nucleotide (plural triphosphopyridine nucleotides)

triphosphopyridine nucleotides (plural)
as TPN (abbreviation)

nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide

(biochemistry) nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide


ELL

ELL (countable and uncountable, plural ELLs)

RNA polymerase II elongation factor
w:ELL (gene)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of RNA polymerase II elongation factor: an enzyme found in Cajal bodies.


enose

(biochemistry) any monosaccharide having a carbon-carbon double bond


aggregation number

aggregation number (plural aggregation numbers)

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) the number of molecules that are associated together to form a micelle


glycopeptide

(biochemistry) any compound of a carbohydrate and a peptide