塔

塔 (canonical)
-tō (romanization)
-tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)

/tapu/ → /taɸu/ → */tawu/ → /tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
From Middle Chinese 塔 (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).
An abbreviation for 卒塔婆 (sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap”).

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量

Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意):
* 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
* Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
* Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).
* Huang Dekuan suspects the 日 is actually 昜 (OC *laŋ) as the phonetic component.
Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ, *raŋs): phonetic 曏 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate to Tibetan བགྲང (bgrang, “to count”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).
Pronunciation 2 is possibly a *-s suffixed exopassive derivation of Pronunciation 1; thus it means "what is measured → a measure" and is cognate to Tibetan གྲངས (grangs, “number”) (see also Unger (1983))


量

量 (canonical)
ryō (romanization)
ryau (romanization)
りやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH, “measure”).

比量


mindstream

(Buddhist philosophy) The succession of moments of consciousness proceeding endlessly from lifetime to lifetime.


naga

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nāgás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nāgás, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neg- (“to crawl”).

der

(Buddhist art) a representation of a human torso with a serpentine body


ວັດ

From Sanskrit वाट (vāṭa, “enclosure”). Compare Khmer វត្ត (voat), Thai วัด (wát).


สุจิตรา

From Sanskrit सुचित्रा (sucitrā), from सु (su, “easy; good, fine, excellent”) + चित्रा (citrā, “illusion; unreality; etc”), equivalent to Thai สุ (sù) + จิตรา.

com

สุ (sù) + จิตรา

(Buddhist mythology) Sucitrā, one of the four chief wives of the god Indra.


มักกะลีผล

th-noun

มักกะลีผล • (mák-gà-lii-pǒn)

(Buddhist mythology) Nariphon; Makaliporn (a mythical tree which bears fruit in the shape of young 16-year-old girls).

th:มักกะลีผล


僧家

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


การเวก

From Pali karavika, karavīka (“Indian cuckoo”). Compare Sanskrit कलविङ्क (kalaviṅka). Cognate with Old Khmer karavika, Modern Khmer ករវិក (kɑɑvɨk).

(Buddhist mythology) (นก~) a mythical bird said to be immortal, living in the Himavanta Forest, having an enchanting melodious cry, having feathers that can turn into gold, and having a long flowing tail, also believed by the East Asians to have a human's head and a bird's torso.


ดุสิต

ดุสิต • (dù-sìt)

From Pali tusita (literally “contented; gratified; joyed; pleased; satisfied”); perhaps via Old Khmer tusita, tussidda. Cognate with Modern Khmer តុសិត (tosət). Compare Sanskrit तुषित (tuṣita), from which Thai ดุษิต was derived.

bor

Dusit Palace
th:พระที่นั่งดุสิตมหาปราสาท

สันดุสิต สันดุสิต#Thai

(Buddhist cosmology) Tusita, the fourth of the six spheres of heaven, ruled by สันดุสิต.

(Buddhist cosmology) a class of divine beings that live in this sphere.


นาคปรก

From นาค (nâak, “nāga”) + ปรก (bpròk, “to cover (over)”).

com

(Buddhist mythology) the event during the life of Gautama Buddha, taking place four weeks after he began meditating under the Bodhi Tree, in which a nāga named Mucalinda came up from beneath the earth to protect the Buddha from a prodigious rain with its hood.


มารวิชัย

From มาร (maan, “Māra”) + วิชัย (wí-chai, “victory”); literally "victory over Māra".

(Buddhist mythology) the event during the life of Gautama Buddha, in which he overcame the Māra and attained enlightenment.


รัตนะ

th-noun

รัตนะ • (rát-dtà-ná)

From Pali ratana (“gem; jewel”), from Sanskrit रत्न (ratna, “gem; jewel”); possibly via Old Khmer ratna, ratana°, rata, ratta, ratra (“jewel, gem, precious stone; anything precious”). Cognate with Modern Khmer រត្ន (rɔɔrŭətnɔɔ).

(Buddhist mythology) any of the seven precious items that a universal ruler should have, that is, a good chakra, a disk-like weapon; a good elephant; a good horse; good jewelry; a good lady; a good treasurer; and a good warrior.


สันดาป

th-proper noun

สันดาป • (sǎn-dàap)

From Pali santāpa (“heat; torment; mental agony; grief”) or Sanskrit संताप (saṃtāpa, “idem”). Cognate with Modern Khmer សន្តាប (sɑɑsɑntaap), សណ្ដាប (sɑɑsɑndaap).

bor

(Buddhist cosmology) the name of a region in the underworld, where beings are reborn to be punished for their sins.


กระทะทองแดง

th-noun

กระทะทองแดง • (grà-tá-tɔɔng-dɛɛng) (classifier ใบ)

grà-tá-tɔɔng-dɛɛng (romanization)
ใบ (classifier)

/kra˨˩.tʰa˦˥.tʰɔːŋ˧.dɛːŋ˧/

From กระทะ (grà-tá, “frying pan”) + ทองแดง (tɔɔng-dɛɛng, “copper”).

com

(Buddhist mythology) metal pan or pot-like pan used in the hell for punishing sinful creatures.


आनापानस्मृति

sa-noun

आनापानस्मृति • (ānāpānasmṛti) stem, f

ānāpānasmṛti (romanization)
आनापानस्मृतिः (nominative singular)
आनापानस्मृती (dual nominative)
आनापानस्मृतयः (nominative plural)
आनापानस्मृते (singular vocative)
आनापानस्मृती (dual vocative)
आनापानस्मृतयः (plural vocative)
आनापानस्मृतिम् (accusative singular)
आनापानस्मृती (accusative dual)
आनापानस्मृतीः (accusative plural)
आनापानस्मृत्या (instrumental singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आनापानस्मृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आनापानस्मृतये (dative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्यै1 (dative singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आनापानस्मृतेः (ablative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याः1 (ablative singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आनापानस्मृतेः (genitive singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याः1 (genitive singular)
आनापानस्मृत्योः (dual genitive)
आनापानस्मृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आनापानस्मृतौ (locative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याम्1 (locative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्योः (dual locative)
आनापानस्मृतिषु (locative plural)

→ Tocharian B: ānāpānasmrti

Tatpuruṣa compound of आनापान (ānāpāna, “breath”) + स्मृति (smṛti, “remembrance”).

com

आनापानस्मृतिर्यस्य परिपूर्णा सुभाविता ।
अनुपूर्वं परिजिता यथा बुद्धेन देशिता ।
स इमं भासते लोकमभ्रमुक्त इव चन्द्रमाः ॥
ānāpānasmṛtiryasya paripūrṇā subhāvitā.
anupūrvaṃ parijitā yathā buddhena deśitā.

It is the teaching of the Buddha, that whoever has mindfulness of breathing, and who goes on through the different stages (of meditation), his mind well composed, will reach perfection, as the moon, when free from clouds, illuminate the whole world.

sa imaṃ bhāsate lokamabhramukta iva candramāḥ.

mindfulness of breathing (a meditation exercise)


삼라만상

samnamansang (romanization)
森羅萬象 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 森羅萬象, from 森羅 (“all-covering forest”) + 萬象 (“ten thousand things”).

ko-etym-sino

시인은 우주 삼라만상 속을 마음대로 드나들면서, 인간의 마음속을 핀셋으로 마음대로 헤집어 보면서

2018, 박영수 [bagyeongsu], “언어의 연금술사들 [eoneoui yeon'geumsulsadeul, Alchemists of the word]”, in 계간 모:든시 [gyegan mo:deunsi], volume 3, pages 96—101:

The poet freely ventures in and out of the myriad things of the world; they rummage freely with a tweezer the hearts of humanity

(literary, poetic or Buddhist) all the myriad things in the world


修多羅

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵⁵/