Piedmont

Derived from Italian Piemonte (“mountain foot”), from Medieval Latin Pedemontium, Pedemontis, from Latin ad pedem montium.

der+

As it was, Greece had no 'Piedmont' with which to begin her Unification – no Piedmont to make alliances with other states, no Piedmontese bureaucracy and diplomatic service, no well-equipped and well-supplied regular army.

1972, Dakin, The Unification of Greece, 1770–1923, →ISBN, page 262:

The rise of an independent Bulgarian state challenged the view of many Serbs that they were the "Piedmont" of the Balkans, the ones to unify all Balkan Slavs.

1994, White, The Territorial Component of Nationalism in Southeastern Europe: The Cases of the Hungarians, Romanians, and Serbs, page 273:

The more influental National Democratic party was founded in 1899, and it hoped to work through existing channels in Austria to create a separate Ukrainian province of eastern Galicia, which someday might become the Piedmont of an independent Ukrainian state on both sides of the Austro-Russian border.

2002, Magocsi, The Roots of Ukrainian Nationalism: Galicia as Ukraine's Piedmont, →ISBN, page 20:

(historiography) Any region that could serve as a basis for national unification, as Piedmont did for the Italian Risorgimento.


Roman

en-adj

Roman (comparative more Roman, superlative most Roman)

more Roman (comparative)
most Roman (superlative)

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.

(historical, historiography) Of or from the Byzantine Empire.


Roman

Kars was the capital of the small Armenian kingdom of Vanand, ruled by Gagik (the same name as the sovereign of Ani) from 1029 to 1064, when he surrendered his kingdom to the Romans. In 1053 it was taken by the Seljoukids, probably under the command of Qutlumus...

2010, John Wortley trans. John Skylitzes as A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057, p. 442, n. 192

(historical, historiography) A native or resident of the Byzantine Empire.


revisionism

en-noun

revisionism (countable and uncountable, plural revisionisms)

/ɹɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm/

As for Jones’s performance as Mandy Cohen, it united two leading facets of the funnyman’s repertoire: his fondness for female impersonation, and his passion for historical revisionism.

2020 January 22, Stuart Jeffries, “Terry Jones obituary”, in The Guardian:

Tories spent last week boldly whistling their unique brand of the kind of historical revisionism that has played a major part in getting us here.

2018, Anne Perkins, “A Dad’s Army-style Brexit looms. ‘Don’t panic!’”, in Guardian:

(historiography) The advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events.


revisionism

revisionism (indefinite nominative singular)
revisionisms (genitive indefinite singular)
revisionismen (definite nominative singular)
revisionismens (definite genitive singular)


Leyenda Negra

Literally, “Black Legend”. Coined by Spanish historian and author Julián Juderías in his 1914 book La Leyenda Negra y la Verdad Histórica (“The Black Legend and Historical Truth”).

coin

La Leyenda Negra forma parte de esa propaganda antiespañola.

1997, Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra, La leyenda negra, AKAL, page 7:

The Black Legend constitutes part of this anti-Spanish propaganda.

(historiography) Black Legend (the depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical)


sown

(especially historiography) Cultivated land inhabited by sedentary agriculturalists, in contrast to the nomad pastoralists of the steppe or desert.


primary source

(historiography) A historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied.


secondary source

en-noun

secondary source (plural secondary sources)

(historiography) A study of past events or a past author written from the perspective of a later period of time; a document that draws on one or more historical primary sources and interprets or analyses them, including documents such as newspapers whose accuracy is open to question.

secundaire bron

(historiography) document that draws on primary sources


globalist

Coordinate term: continentalist

(historiography) One who believes that Adolf Hitler intended to extend the Third Reich beyond the continent of Europe.


attestare

it-verb

attestàre (first-person singular present attèsto, first-person singular past historic attestài, past participle attestàto, auxiliary avére)

attestàre (canonical)
attèsto (first-person present singular)
attestài (first-person historic past singular)
attestàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
attestàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
attestàndo (gerund)
attestànte (participle present)
attestàto (participle past)
attèsto (first-person indicative present singular)
attèsti (indicative present second-person singular)
attèsta (indicative present singular third-person)
attestiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
attestàte (indicative plural present second-person)
attèstano (indicative plural present third-person)
attestàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
attestàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
attestàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
attestavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
attestavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
attestàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
attestài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
attestàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
attestò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
attestàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
attestàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
attestàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
attesterò (first-person future indicative singular)
attesterài (future indicative second-person singular)
attesterà (future indicative singular third-person)
attesterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
attesteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
attesterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
attesterèi (conditional first-person singular)
attesterésti (conditional second-person singular)
attesterèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
attesterébbe (conditional singular third-person)
attesterémmo (conditional first-person plural)
attesteréste (conditional plural second-person)
attesterèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
attesterébbero (conditional plural third-person)
attèsti (first-person present singular subjunctive)
attèsti (present second-person singular subjunctive)
attèsti (present singular subjunctive third-person)
attestiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
attestiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
attèstino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
attestàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
attestàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
attestàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
attestàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
attestàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
attestàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
attèsta (imperative second-person singular)
attèsti (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
attestiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
attestàte (imperative plural second-person)
attèstino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
attestàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
attèsti (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
attestiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
attestàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
attèstino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Borrowed from Latin attestārī, from testis (“witness”).

(historiography, linguistics) to attest (a fact, an event, a word) through historical sources


prehistoria

prehistoria (nominative singular)
prehistorie (nominative plural)
prehistorii (genitive singular)
prehistorii (genitive plural)
prehistoryj (archaic genitive plural)
prehistorii (dative singular)
prehistoriom (dative plural)
prehistorię (accusative singular)
prehistorie (accusative plural)
prehistorią (instrumental singular)
prehistoriami (instrumental plural)
prehistorii (locative singular)
prehistoriach (locative plural)
prehistorio (singular vocative)
prehistorie (plural vocative)

(historiography) prehistory (history of human culture prior to written records)


Romanist

en-adjective

Romanist (comparative more Romanist, superlative most Romanist)

more Romanist (comparative)
most Romanist (superlative)

The 'Germanist' view has been countered with the 'Romanist' or 'continuity' view, which holds that the Germanic barbarians created little that was new.

2005 [1995], “The Barbarian invasions”, in The New Cambridge Medieval History (The New Cambridge Medieval History), volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 36:

(historiography) Pertaining to the school of thought which emphasises the continuity of legal and cultural institutions between Rome and later medieval Europe, downplaying the role of external influences or innovation in the decline of the Roman Empire.


historical method

(historiography) The techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history.


emplotment

en-noun

emplotment (countable and uncountable, plural emplotments)

From em- + plot + -ment; coined by Paul Ricœur.

1978, Hayden White, "The Historical Text As Literary Artifact", re-printed in Geoffrey Roberts (editor), The History and Narrative Reader, Routledge (2001), →ISBN, page 223,
Yet, I would argue, histories gain part of their explanatory effect by their success in making stories out of mere chronicles; and stories in turn are made out of chronicles by an operation which I have elsewhere called “emplotment.” And by emplotment I mean simply the encodation of the facts contained in the chronicle as components of specific kinds of plot structures, in precisely the way that Frye has suggested is the case with “fictions” in general.

(historiography) The assembly of a series of historical events into a narrative with a plot.


分期

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/pun⁴⁴⁻²² ki¹³/

(historiography) to periodize; to create a chronology


psychohistory

psychohistory (countable and uncountable, plural psychohistories)

/sʌɪkəʊˈhɪstəɹi/

From psycho- + history.
* The science-fictional usage was created by Isaac Asimov in the mid-20th century.

Pick argues that the general rejection of psycho-history by practising historians has left the story of ‘historical’ psychoanalysis on the shelf.

2012, Richard Overy, “The Mind of Evil”, in Literary Review, number 399:

(psychology, historiography) The scientific study of psychology and motivation in history.


revisionismo

(historiography) revisionism (advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events)


史筆

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, figuratively, historiography) the annals of history


Germanist

en-adjective

Germanist (comparative more Germanist, superlative most Germanist)

more Germanist (comparative)
most Germanist (superlative)

Borrowed from German Germanist, along the model of earlier English Romanist (“scholar of Romance languages”). By surface analysis, German + -ist, doublet of Germanicist.

m+

The Germanist view also led to the description of post-Roman lawcodes as Germanic law, and, in archeology, to the new types of rural settlement which replaced the old Roman villas being called 'Germanic', and to the new burial forms, like furnished inhumation (with grave-goods), similarly being ascribed to Germanic influence.

(historiography, law) Pertaining to the school of thought which downplays or denies the continuity of legal and cultural institutions between Rome and later medieval Europe, highlighting the role of external influences and innovation in the decline of the Roman Empire.


正史

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ siː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ siː³⁵/

(historiography) any of the Twenty-Four Histories


秘史

/mi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


女史

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory


甲骨文

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/

/kaːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kut̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/

/kaʔ²⁻⁴ kuk̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

(palaeography, historiography) oracle bone script


大秦

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰɵn²¹/

; "Roman Empire"
:
: In contrast, Zhang (1919) conjectured that the word may have indeed been a borrowing ultimately from Latium, Latinum, etc. (transcribed as 剌丁 in his writing) based on comparisons among Sinitic languages; see also the Baxter–Sagart reconstruction below. However, this etymology remains hypothetical.
; "Roman Levant; Syria region; etc."

Its people are all built tall, robust, balanced, and upright, resembling (the people) of the Zhongguo. For this reason it is called Daqin (the Great Qin).

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Qí rénmín jiē cháng dà píng zhèng, yǒu lèi Zhōngguó, gù wèizhī Dàqín.

其人民皆長大平正，有類中國，故謂之大秦。

其人民皆长大平正，有类中国，故谓之大秦。

Angelic powers promulgated the glad tidings, a virgin gave birth to the Holy One in Syria;
A bright star announced the felicitous event, and Persians observing the splendor came to present tribute.

781, Nestorian Stele Inscriptions (《大秦景教流行中國碑》). Translated by Alexander Wylie (偉烈亞力).

Shéntiān xuānqìng, shìnǚ dànshèng yú Dàqín; jǐngxiù gàoxiáng, Bōsī dǔyào yǐ láigòng.

神天宣慶，室女誕聖於大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以來貢。

神天宣庆，室女诞圣于大秦；景宿告祥，波斯睹耀以来贡。

(historical and archaic, Chinese historiography) the Coele Syria or the Roman Levant; the Syria region under Roman dominion


Himyaritic

If the traditional Arab and Islamic scholars are to be believed, the Ḥimyaritic language was incomprehensible to a speaker of Arabic.

2007, Christian Robin, edited by Versteegh, Kees, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, page 257b

(historiography) Any language or dialect belonging to Himyarites and reported from an ancient Arabic perspective as peculiar.


Überrest

de-noun

Überrest m (strong, genitive Überrestes or Überrests, plural Überreste)

Überrestes (genitive)
Überrests (genitive)
Überreste (plural)
Überrest (nominative singular)
Überreste (definite nominative plural)
Überrestes (genitive singular)
Überrests (genitive singular)
Überreste (definite genitive plural)
Überrest (dative singular)
Überreste (dative singular)
Überresten (dative definite plural)
Überrest (accusative singular)
Überreste (accusative definite plural)

/ˈyːbɐˌʁɛst/

Als ‚Quellen’ bezeichnet Droysen die „schriftlichen und mündlichen Nachrichten für die Erinnerungen“, als ‚Überreste’ solche Materialien, die nicht um der Überlieferung willen in die Welt gesetzt wurden, aber von uns als Zeugnisse ihrer Zeit interpretiert werden können.

2014, Jonas Grethlein, “Das homerische Epos als Quelle, Überrest und Monument”, in Medien der Geschichte - Antikes Griechenland und Rom, →DOI:

Droysen uses the term ‘sources’ for “written and spoken messages for remembrance's sake” and ‘remains’ for materials which were not created with an intent of tradition but still can be interpreted as witnesses of their time.

(historiography) remains, leftover(s): non-traditional source (inadvertently produced source of information of historiographical interest)


antirevisionism

(historiography) opposition to revisionism


antirevisionist

Comrade (Fan Yu-kuo), a fighting hero of a certain PLA unit from the antirevisionist outpost of Chen Pao Island, spoke at the congress amid warm applause of those present.

1970 April 29 [1970 April 25], “Reportage on Shantung Mao Thought Activists Congress”, in Daily Report, number 83, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →OCLC, page C4:

(historiography) One who opposes revisionism.

anti-révisionniste

One who opposes revisionism (historiography)


Renascença

/ʁɨ.nɐʃˈsẽ.sɐ/

/ʁɨ.nɐˈʃẽ.sɐ/

(art, historiography) Renaissance (14th century revival of classical art in Europe)


Romantismo

(historiography, art, philosophy) Romanticism (18th century artistic and intellectual movement)


實錄

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (實錄):
* → Japanese: 實錄(じつろく) (jitsuroku)
* → Korean: 실록(實錄) (sillok)
* → Vietnamese: thực lục (實錄)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/sɐt̚² lʊk̚²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² liɔk̚²⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɔk̚¹²¹/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/sɐt̚² lʊk̚²/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

/sit̚²⁴⁻² liɔk̚²⁴/

/sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɔk̚¹²¹/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

/sit̚⁴⁻³² liɔk̚⁴/

(historiography) Veritable Records (traditional chronicles pertaining to the reign of a monarch)


oral history

en-noun

oral history (countable and uncountable, plural oral histories)

(historiography) The collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.

口述歷史 /口述历史

collection and study of orally transferred historical information


Lenda Negra

(historiography) Black Legend (the depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical)


subaltern studies

(historiography) The study and writing of history with a particular focus on the experiences and perspectives of common people, rather than that of political leaders or the elite.

底邊研究 /底边研究

study and writing of history with a focus on common people


口述歷史

ㄎㄡˇ ㄕㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


史前

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/


通史

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ su⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ su⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁵³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴¹/

(historiography) general history (covering a particular period of time) (Classifier: 部 m)


通史

通史 (canonical)
tsūshi (romanization)
tuusi (romanization)
つうし (hiragana historical)


Antiguidade

(historiography) Antiquity (period of history before the fall of Rome)


ревизионизм

Borrowed from Russian ревизиони́зм (revizionízm), from French révisionnisme.

bor

ревизиони́зм

(historiography) revisionism (advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events)


ревизионизм

ru-noun+

ревизиони́зм

ревизиони́зм • (revizionízm) m inan (genitive ревизиони́зма, uncountable)

ревизиони́зм (canonical)
revizionízm (romanization)
ревизиони́зма (genitive)
ревизиони́зм (nominative singular)
ревизиони́зма (genitive singular)
ревизиони́зму (dative singular)
ревизиони́зм (accusative singular)
ревизиони́змом (instrumental singular)
ревизиони́зме (prepositional singular)

→ Armenian: ռեւիզիոնիզմ (ṙewizionizm)

[rʲɪvʲɪzʲɪɐˈnʲizm]


antirrevisionismo

(historiography) antirevisionism (opposition to revisionism)


帛書

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (帛書):
* → Japanese: 帛書(はくしょ) (hakusho)
* → Korean: 백서(帛書) (baekseo)

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/peʔ⁴⁻² t͡sɯ³³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/peʔ⁴⁻² t͡sɯ³³/


疑古派

/i³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

(historiography) the Doubting Antiquity School


簡帛學

ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kaːn³⁵ paːk̚² hɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kaːn³⁵ paːk̚² hɔːk̚²/

(historiography) bamboo and silk manuscript studies


繒帛

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ paːk̚²/

/t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ paːk̚²/

/t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

(literary, historiography) silk manuscript


簡帛

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Short for 簡牘／简牍 (jiǎndú) + 帛書／帛书 (bóshū)

zh-etym-short

(historiography) bamboo and wooden slips and silk manuscripts


簡帛書

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/


簡冊

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

(historiography) bound bamboo-strip book


日書

Learned adaptation from the original indices found on such texts, such as the Shuihudi manuscript (Li, 2008).

(archaeology, historiography) chronomancy calendar (ancient Chinese calendar centred around the fortunes and taboos of specific dates)


史冊

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰaːk̚³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰeʔ⁵/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰeʔ³²/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛʔ³²/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰaːk̚³/

/sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰeʔ⁵/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰeʔ³²/

/su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛʔ³²/

to be written into the annals of history

載入史冊

载入史册


列傳

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (列傳):
* → Japanese: 列伝(れつでん) (retsuden)
* → Korean: 렬전(列傳) (ryeoljeon), 열전(列傳) (yeoljeon)
* → Vietnamese: liệt truyện (列傳)

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/liːt̚² t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tuan²²/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/liːt̚² t͡syːn²²⁻³⁵/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tuan²²/

(historiography) biography (especially in a history text)


斷代史

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tyːn²² tɔːi̯²² siː³⁵/

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tyːn²² tɔːi̯²² siː³⁵/

(historiography) period history; dynastic history (Classifier: 部 m)


斷代

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tyːn²² tɔːi̯²²/

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/tyːn²² tɔːi̯²²/

夏商周斷代工程

夏商周断代工程

(historiography) to periodize; to create a chronology


方志

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si²¹/


地方志

/ti⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tei̯²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/ti⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tei̯²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

(historiography) local chronicle; chorography


地方志

ja-noun

地(ち)方(ほう)志(し) • (chihōshi) ^(←ちはうし (tifausi)?)

地方志 (canonical)
chihōshi (romanization)
tifausi (romanization)
ちはうし (hiragana historical)

(historiography) Chinese local chronicle


唐宋變革

ㄊㄤˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄜˊ

Тансун Бяньгэ

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ sʊŋ³³ piːn³³ kaːk̚³/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ sʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ sʊŋ³³ piːn³³ kaːk̚³/

(historiography) the Tang-Song Transition


野史

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː¹³ siː³⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː¹³ siː³⁵/

(historiography) unofficial historical texts


信史

/ɕin⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn³³ siː³⁵/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

/ɕin⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn³³ siː³⁵/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ su⁵³/

(historiography) reliable work of history; faithful historical account


修正主義

ㄒㄧㄡ ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

(historiography, Marxism, derogatory) revisionism


longue durée

Borrowed from French longue durée (“long duration”). Attested since the 1960s.

lange linjer

historiographical term, "long lines of history"

The "Annales" school draws attention to the virtually unchanging geography of a region, the rising and ebbing movements of the economy, or the rhythmic repetitions in social relations — i.e., to the "longue duree" — rather than to those fleeting events we call political.

1978, Lynn Avery Hunt, Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France: Troyes and Reims, 1786-1790, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

(historiography, social sciences) A long period of time during which social processes develop or social structures evolve.


Venetocracy

Borrowed from Greek Βενετοκρατία (Venetokratía).

bor

Βενετοκρατία

(historiography) The period during which the Republic of Venice held domains in parts of Greece.


historism

en-noun

historism (countable and uncountable, plural historisms)

(historiography) An influential 19th-century school of thought in historiography that rejected universalist and anachronistic explanations of historical developments and instead emphasized the idiosyncrasies and organic developments of each culture and time period, to be understood through critical interpretation of primary sources in the context of the unique conditions that produced them.


偽經

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/


Gran Colombia

English: Gran Colombia

(historiography, South America) Gran Colombia (a former country in South America). A former South American republic that lasted from 1819 to 1831


tardorromano

es-adj

tardorromano (feminine tardorromana, masculine plural tardorromanos, feminine plural tardorromanas)

tardorromana (feminine)
tardorromanos (masculine plural)
tardorromanas (feminine plural)


hispanorromano

hispanorromano (feminine hispanorromana, masculine plural hispanorromanos, feminine plural hispanorromanas)

hispanorromana (feminine)
hispanorromanos (masculine plural)
hispanorromanas (feminine plural)


Rhomaian

en-adj

Rhomaian (comparative more Rhomaian, superlative most Rhomaian)

more Rhomaian (comparative)
most Rhomaian (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos), referring to the autonym used by Grecophone writers in the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire.

lbor

Procopius’s introduction to his Vandal War is a good example of the Roman (or Rhomaian) ethnographical point of view. Even after a century of barbarian rule in Africa or Italy, a Roman intellectual classed kings and elites according to barbarian groupings.

R. Steinacher, ‘Who is the Barbarian? Considerations on the Vandal Royal Title’, in: W. Pohl en G. Heydemann (ed.), Post-Roman Transitions: Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West (Turnhout 2013) 437-485, quote on page 439

(rare, historiography) Of or pertaining to the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) empire.


史前史

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ siː³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹ siː³⁵/


斷限

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(literary, historiography) to divide into periods; to periodize


近古

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn²² kuː³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐn²² kuː³⁵/

(historiography) recent antiquity (in Chinese history, including the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties)


Historismus

de-noun

Historismus m (strong, genitive Historismus, plural Historismen)

Historismus (genitive)
Historismen (plural)
Historismus (nominative singular)
Historismen (definite nominative plural)
Historismus (genitive singular)
Historismen (definite genitive plural)
Historismus (dative singular)
Historismen (dative definite plural)
Historismus (accusative singular)
Historismen (accusative definite plural)

→ English: historicism (calque), → historism

Attributed to Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829).


史料學

ㄕˇ ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

(historiography) study of historical materials; documentology


本紀

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/


mellantid

mellantid (indefinite nominative singular)
mellantids (genitive indefinite singular)
mellantiden (definite nominative singular)
mellantidens (definite genitive singular)
mellantider (indefinite nominative plural)
mellantiders (genitive indefinite plural)
mellantiderna (definite nominative plural)
mellantidernas (definite genitive plural)

mellan (“between”) + tid (“time”). Compare Danish mellemtid, German Zwischenzeit, Dutch tussentijd

sv:Andra mellantiden
sv:Första mellantiden
sv:Tredje mellantiden

(historiography) intermediate period (periods of ancient Egyptian history)


甲骨文字

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄗˋ

цзягу вэньцзы

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(palaeography, historiography) oracle bone script


偽史

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɐi̯²² siː³⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɐi̯²² siː³⁵/

(historiography) false history; unreliable history


Mentalitätsgeschichte

Mentalitätsgeschichte f (genitive Mentalitätsgeschichte, plural Mentalitätsgeschichten)

Mentalitätsgeschichte (genitive)
Mentalitätsgeschichten (plural)
Mentalitätsgeschichte (nominative singular)
Mentalitätsgeschichten (definite nominative plural)
Mentalitätsgeschichte (genitive singular)
Mentalitätsgeschichten (definite genitive plural)
Mentalitätsgeschichte (dative singular)
Mentalitätsgeschichten (dative definite plural)
Mentalitätsgeschichte (accusative singular)
Mentalitätsgeschichten (accusative definite plural)

Mentalität (“mentality”) + -s- + Geschichte (“history”).


mentalitätsgeschichtlich

de-adj

mentalitätsgeschichtlich (strong nominative masculine singular mentalitätsgeschichtlicher, not comparable)

mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (masculine nominative singular strong)
mentalitätsgeschichtlich (masculine predicative singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlich (feminine predicative singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlich (neuter predicative singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlich (plural predicative)
mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliche (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliche (nominative plural strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (genitive plural strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative plural strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliche (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
mentalitätsgeschichtliche (accusative plural strong without-article)
der mentalitätsgeschichtliche (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die mentalitätsgeschichtliche (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das mentalitätsgeschichtliche (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die mentalitätsgeschichtliche (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das mentalitätsgeschichtliche (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein mentalitätsgeschichtlicher (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine mentalitätsgeschichtliche (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein mentalitätsgeschichtliches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine mentalitätsgeschichtliche (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein mentalitätsgeschichtliches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine mentalitätsgeschichtlichen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)

From Mentalitätsgeschichte (“history of mentalities”) + -lich.

suffix

(historiography, relational) of the history of mentalities


歷史性

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː³⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

In philosophy, neither “rationalism” nor “empiricism” understands the historical or the dialectical nature of knowledge, and although each of these schools contains one aspect of the truth (here I am referring to materialist, not to idealist, rationalism and empiricism), both are wrong on the theory of knowledge as a whole.

1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Zhéxué shàng de “wéilǐlùn” hé “jīngyànlùn” dōu bù dǒngde rènshi de lìshǐxìng huò biànzhèngxìng, suīrán gè yǒu piànmiàn de zhēnlǐ (duìyú wéiwù de wéilǐlùn hé jīngyànlùn éryán, fēi zhǐ wéixīn de wéilǐlùn hé jīngyànlùn), dàn zài rènshilùn de quántǐ shàng zé dōu shì cuòwù de.

哲學上的「唯理論」和「經驗論」都不懂得認識的歷史性或辯證性，雖然各有片面的真理（對於唯物的唯理論和經驗論而言，非指唯心的唯理論和經驗論），但在認識論的全體上則都是錯誤的。

哲学上的「唯理论」和「经验论」都不懂得认识的历史性或辩证性，虽然各有片面的真理（对于唯物的唯理论和经验论而言，非指唯心的唯理论和经验论），但在认识论的全体上则都是错误的。

(philosophy, historiography, often attributive) historical nature; historical significance


國紀

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

(literary, historiography) dynastic annals


hikayat

ms-noun

hikayat (Jawi spelling حکايت, plural hikayat-hikayat, informal 1st possessive hikayatku, 2nd possessive hikayatmu, 3rd possessive hikayatnya)

حکايت (Jawi)
hikayat-hikayat (plural)
hikayatku (first-person informal possessive)
hikayatmu (possessive second-person)
hikayatnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: hikayat (inherited)

Borrowed from Classical Persian حکایت (hikāyat), from Arabic حِكَايَة (ḥikāya, “story”).

bor+

(historiography) history, chronicle, biography


continentalist

Coordinate term: globalist

(historiography) One who believes that Adolf Hitler intended to limit the Third Reich's territorial expansion to Europe.


présentisme

(philosophy, historiography) presentism [since 1718]


백서

Sino-Korean word from 帛書 (“silk manuscript”)

ko-etym-sino

(historical or historiography) silk document; text written on silk


địa chí

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地 (“place”) and 誌 (“record”). Compare 地方誌 /地方志 (dìfāngzhì).

vi-etym-sino

(historical, historiography) a local chronicle; encyclopedic record of an area


địa phương chí

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地方誌 (“local chronicle”).


編年體

ㄅㄧㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄧˇ

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ niːn²¹ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ niːn²¹ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

(historiography) chronological history; chronicle


historist

(historiography) A proponent of historism.


別史

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historiography) privately compiled history; alternative history; separate history


別傳

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/


ռևիզիոնիզմ

head

ռևիզիոնիզմ • (ṙewizionizm)

hy-noun

ռևիզիոնիզմ • (ṙewizionizm)

ṙewizionizm (romanization)
ռևիզիոնիզմ (nominative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներ (nominative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմի (dative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմների (dative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմից (ablative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներից (ablative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմով (instrumental singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներով (instrumental plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմում (locative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներում (locative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմը (definite nominative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմն (definite nominative singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմները (definite nominative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմներն (definite nominative plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմին (dative definite singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներին (dative definite plural)
ռևիզիոնիզմս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
ռևիզիոնիզմիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
ռևիզիոնիզմիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
ռևիզիոնիզմովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
ռևիզիոնիզմումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
ռևիզիոնիզմդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
ռևիզիոնիզմիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
ռևիզիոնիզմիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
ռևիզիոնիզմովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
ռևիզիոնիզմումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
ռևիզիոնիզմներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

ռևիզիոնիզմը/ռևիզիոնիզմն

ռևիզիոնիզմներ

ռևիզիոնիզմները/ռևիզիոնիզմներն

ռևիզիոնիզմին

ռևիզիոնիզմների

ռևիզիոնիզմներին

ռևիզիոնիզմից

ռևիզիոնիզմներից

ռևիզիոնիզմով

ռևիզիոնիզմներով

ռևիզիոնիզմում

ռևիզիոնիզմներում

ռևիզիոնիզմներս

ռևիզիոնիզմիս

ռևիզիոնիզմներիս

ռևիզիոնիզմիցս

ռևիզիոնիզմներիցս

ռևիզիոնիզմովս

ռևիզիոնիզմներովս

ռևիզիոնիզմումս

ռևիզիոնիզմներումս

ռևիզիոնիզմներդ

ռևիզիոնիզմիդ

ռևիզիոնիզմներիդ

ռևիզիոնիզմիցդ

ռևիզիոնիզմներիցդ

ռևիզիոնիզմովդ

ռևիզիոնիզմներովդ

ռևիզիոնիզմումդ

ռևիզիոնիզմներումդ

From Russian ревизиони́зм (revizionízm).

bor

ревизиони́зм


口述史

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


source secondaire

fr-noun

source secondaire f (plural sources secondaires)

(historiography) secondary source (study of past events or a past author written from the perspective of a later period of time; a document that draws on one or more historical primary sources and interprets or analyses them)


source primaire

source primaire f (plural sources primaires)

(historiography) primary source (historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied)


Гетьманщина

uk-proper noun

Гетьма́нщина<sg>

Гетьма́нщина • (Hetʹmánščyna) f inan (genitive Гетьма́нщини, uncountable)

Гетьма́нщина (canonical)
Hetʹmánščyna (romanization)
Гетьма́нщини (genitive)
Гетьма́нщина (nominative singular)
Гетьма́нщини (genitive singular)
Гетьма́нщині (dative singular)
Гетьма́нщину (accusative singular)
Гетьма́нщиною (instrumental singular)
Гетьма́нщині (locative singular)
Гетьма́нщино (singular vocative)

uk-ndecl

Гетьма́нщина<sg>

From ге́тьман (hétʹman) + -щина (-ščyna).

af

ге́тьман (hétʹman) + -щина (-ščyna)

(historiography, capitalized) Hetmanate (name retroactively given to the territories in central Ukraine governed by Cossack hetmans in the 17th and 18th centuries)


metodong pangkasaysayan

tl-noun

métodóng pangkasaysayan (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜆᜓᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜐᜌ᜔ᜐᜌᜈ᜔)

métodóng pangkasaysayan (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜆᜓᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜐᜌ᜔ᜐᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From metodo + pangkasaysayan. Calque of English historical method.


sử sách

[sɨ˧˩ sajk̟̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˨ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˧˨ sat̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ ʂat̚˦˥]

[sɨ˨˩˦ sat̚˦˥]

(historiography) history; chronicles; annals


პირველწყარო

ka-noun

პირველწყაროები

პირველწყარო • (ṗirvelc̣q̇aro) (plural პირველწყაროები)

ṗirvelc̣q̇aro (romanization)
პირველწყაროები (plural)
პირველწყარო (nominative singular)
პირველწყაროები (nominative plural)
პირველწყარონი (archaic nominative plural)
პირველწყარომ (ergative singular)
პირველწყაროებმა (ergative plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
პირველწყაროთაt) (archaic ergative plural)
პირველწყაროთაta) (archaic ergative plural)
პირველწყაროს (dative singular)
პირველწყაროს (dative singular)
პირველწყაროსაs) (dative singular)
პირველწყაროსაsa) (dative singular)
პირველწყაროებს (dative plural)
პირველწყაროებს (dative plural)
პირველწყაროებსაs) (dative plural)
პირველწყაროებსაsa) (dative plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
პირველწყაროთაt) (archaic dative plural)
პირველწყაროთაta) (archaic dative plural)
პირველწყაროს (genitive singular)
პირველწყაროს (genitive singular)
პირველწყაროსაs) (genitive singular)
პირველწყაროსაsa) (genitive singular)
პირველწყაროების (genitive plural)
პირველწყაროების (genitive plural)
პირველწყაროებისაs) (genitive plural)
პირველწყაროებისაsa) (genitive plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
პირველწყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
პირველწყაროთაt) (archaic genitive plural)
პირველწყაროთაta) (archaic genitive plural)
პირველწყაროთ (instrumental singular)
პირველწყაროთ (instrumental singular)
პირველწყაროთაt) (instrumental singular)
პირველწყაროთაta) (instrumental singular)
პირველწყაროებით (instrumental plural)
პირველწყაროებით (instrumental plural)
პირველწყაროებითაt) (instrumental plural)
პირველწყაროებითაta) (instrumental plural)
პირველწყაროდ (adverbial singular)
პირველწყაროდ (adverbial singular)
პირველწყაროდაd) (adverbial singular)
პირველწყაროდაda) (adverbial singular)
პირველწყაროებად (adverbial plural)
პირველწყაროებად (adverbial plural)
პირველწყაროებადაd) (adverbial plural)
პირველწყაროებადაda) (adverbial plural)
პირველწყაროვ (singular vocative)
პირველწყაროებო (plural vocative)
პირველწყარონო (archaic plural vocative)
-ზე
პირველწყაროზე (singular)
პირველწყაროებზე (plural)
-თან
პირველწყაროსთან (singular)
პირველწყაროებთან (plural)
-ში
პირველწყაროში (singular)
პირველწყაროებში (plural)
-ვით
პირველწყაროსავით (singular)
პირველწყაროებივით (plural)
-თვის
პირველწყაროსთვის (singular)
პირველწყაროებისთვის (plural)
-ებრ
პირველწყაროსებრ (singular)
პირველწყაროებისებრ (plural)
-კენ
პირველწყაროსკენ (singular)
პირველწყაროებისკენ (plural)
-გან
პირველწყაროსგან (singular)
პირველწყაროებისგან (plural)
-ადმი
პირველწყაროსადმი (singular)
პირველწყაროებისადმი (plural)
-დან
პირველწყაროდან (singular)
პირველწყაროებიდან (plural)
-ურთ
პირველწყაროთურთ (singular)
პირველწყაროებითურთ (plural)
-მდე
პირველწყარომდე (singular)
პირველწყაროებამდე (plural)

პირ‧ველ‧წყა‧რო

From პირველი (ṗirveli, “first”) + წყარო (c̣q̇aro, “source”).

compound

(scholarly studies, historiography) primary source


პირველადი წყარო

ka-noun

პირველადი წყაროები

პირველადი წყარო • (ṗirveladi c̣q̇aro) (plural პირველადი წყაროები)

ṗirveladi c̣q̇aro (romanization)
პირველადი წყაროები (plural)
პირველადი წყარო (nominative singular)
პირველადი წყაროები (nominative plural)
პირველადი წყარონი (archaic nominative plural)
პირველადმა წყარომ (ergative singular)
პირველადმა წყაროებმა (ergative plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
პირველად წყაროთაt) (archaic ergative plural)
პირველად წყაროთაta) (archaic ergative plural)
პირველად წყაროს (dative singular)
პირველად წყაროს (dative singular)
პირველად წყაროსაs) (dative singular)
პირველად წყაროსაsa) (dative singular)
პირველად წყაროებს (dative plural)
პირველად წყაროებს (dative plural)
პირველად წყაროებსაs) (dative plural)
პირველად წყაროებსაsa) (dative plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
პირველად წყაროთაt) (archaic dative plural)
პირველად წყაროთაta) (archaic dative plural)
პირველადი წყაროს (genitive singular)
პირველადი წყაროს (genitive singular)
პირველადი წყაროსაs) (genitive singular)
პირველადი წყაროსაsa) (genitive singular)
პირველადი წყაროების (genitive plural)
პირველადი წყაროების (genitive plural)
პირველადი წყაროებისაs) (genitive plural)
პირველადი წყაროებისაsa) (genitive plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
პირველად წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
პირველად წყაროთაt) (archaic genitive plural)
პირველად წყაროთაta) (archaic genitive plural)
პირველადი წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
პირველადი წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
პირველადი წყაროთაt) (instrumental singular)
პირველადი წყაროთაta) (instrumental singular)
პირველადი წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
პირველადი წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
პირველადი წყაროებითაt) (instrumental plural)
პირველადი წყაროებითაta) (instrumental plural)
პირველად წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
პირველად წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
პირველად წყაროდაd) (adverbial singular)
პირველად წყაროდაda) (adverbial singular)
პირველად წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
პირველად წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
პირველად წყაროებადაd) (adverbial plural)
პირველად წყაროებადაda) (adverbial plural)
პირველადო წყაროვ (singular vocative)
პირველადო წყაროებო (plural vocative)
პირველადი წყარონო (archaic plural vocative)
-ზე
პირველად წყაროზე (singular)
პირველად წყაროებზე (plural)
-თან
პირველად წყაროსთან (singular)
პირველად წყაროებთან (plural)
-ში
პირველად წყაროში (singular)
პირველად წყაროებში (plural)
-ვით
პირველად წყაროსავით (singular)
პირველად წყაროებივით (plural)
-თვის
პირველადი წყაროსთვის (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებისთვის (plural)
-ებრ
პირველადი წყაროსებრ (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებისებრ (plural)
-კენ
პირველადი წყაროსკენ (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებისკენ (plural)
-გან
პირველადი წყაროსგან (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებისგან (plural)
-ადმი
პირველადი წყაროსადმი (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებისადმი (plural)
-დან
პირველადი წყაროდან (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებიდან (plural)
-ურთ
პირველადი წყაროთურთ (singular)
პირველადი წყაროებითურთ (plural)
-მდე
პირველად წყარომდე (singular)
პირველად წყაროებამდე (plural)

პირ‧ვე‧ლა‧დი


მეორადი წყარო

მეორადი წყაროები

მეორადი წყარო • (meoradi c̣q̇aro) (plural მეორადი წყაროები)

meoradi c̣q̇aro (romanization)
მეორადი წყაროები (plural)
მეორადი წყარო (nominative singular)
მეორადი წყაროები (nominative plural)
მეორადი წყარონი (archaic nominative plural)
მეორადმა წყარომ (ergative singular)
მეორადმა წყაროებმა (ergative plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
მეორად წყაროთაt) (archaic ergative plural)
მეორად წყაროთაta) (archaic ergative plural)
მეორად წყაროს (dative singular)
მეორად წყაროს (dative singular)
მეორად წყაროსაs) (dative singular)
მეორად წყაროსაsa) (dative singular)
მეორად წყაროებს (dative plural)
მეორად წყაროებს (dative plural)
მეორად წყაროებსაs) (dative plural)
მეორად წყაროებსაsa) (dative plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
მეორად წყაროთაt) (archaic dative plural)
მეორად წყაროთაta) (archaic dative plural)
მეორადი წყაროს (genitive singular)
მეორადი წყაროს (genitive singular)
მეორადი წყაროსაs) (genitive singular)
მეორადი წყაროსაsa) (genitive singular)
მეორადი წყაროების (genitive plural)
მეორადი წყაროების (genitive plural)
მეორადი წყაროებისაs) (genitive plural)
მეორადი წყაროებისაsa) (genitive plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
მეორად წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
მეორად წყაროთაt) (archaic genitive plural)
მეორად წყაროთაta) (archaic genitive plural)
მეორადი წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
მეორადი წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
მეორადი წყაროთაt) (instrumental singular)
მეორადი წყაროთაta) (instrumental singular)
მეორადი წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
მეორადი წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
მეორადი წყაროებითაt) (instrumental plural)
მეორადი წყაროებითაta) (instrumental plural)
მეორად წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
მეორად წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
მეორად წყაროდაd) (adverbial singular)
მეორად წყაროდაda) (adverbial singular)
მეორად წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
მეორად წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
მეორად წყაროებადაd) (adverbial plural)
მეორად წყაროებადაda) (adverbial plural)
მეორადო წყაროვ (singular vocative)
მეორადო წყაროებო (plural vocative)
მეორადი წყარონო (archaic plural vocative)
-ზე
მეორად წყაროზე (singular)
მეორად წყაროებზე (plural)
-თან
მეორად წყაროსთან (singular)
მეორად წყაროებთან (plural)
-ში
მეორად წყაროში (singular)
მეორად წყაროებში (plural)
-ვით
მეორად წყაროსავით (singular)
მეორად წყაროებივით (plural)
-თვის
მეორადი წყაროსთვის (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებისთვის (plural)
-ებრ
მეორადი წყაროსებრ (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებისებრ (plural)
-კენ
მეორადი წყაროსკენ (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებისკენ (plural)
-გან
მეორადი წყაროსგან (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებისგან (plural)
-ადმი
მეორადი წყაროსადმი (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებისადმი (plural)
-დან
მეორადი წყაროდან (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებიდან (plural)
-ურთ
მეორადი წყაროთურთ (singular)
მეორადი წყაროებითურთ (plural)
-მდე
მეორად წყარომდე (singular)
მეორად წყაროებამდე (plural)

(scholarly studies, historiography) secondary source


მესამეული წყარო

მესამეული წყაროები

მესამეული წყარო • (mesameuli c̣q̇aro) (plural მესამეული წყაროები)

mesameuli c̣q̇aro (romanization)
მესამეული წყაროები (plural)
მესამეული წყარო (nominative singular)
მესამეული წყაროები (nominative plural)
მესამეული წყარონი (archaic nominative plural)
მესამეულმა წყარომ (ergative singular)
მესამეულმა წყაროებმა (ergative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic ergative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაt) (archaic ergative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაta) (archaic ergative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროს (dative singular)
მესამეულ წყაროს (dative singular)
მესამეულ წყაროსაs) (dative singular)
მესამეულ წყაროსაsa) (dative singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებს (dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებს (dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებსაs) (dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებსაsa) (dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაt) (archaic dative plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაta) (archaic dative plural)
მესამეული წყაროს (genitive singular)
მესამეული წყაროს (genitive singular)
მესამეული წყაროსაs) (genitive singular)
მესამეული წყაროსაsa) (genitive singular)
მესამეული წყაროების (genitive plural)
მესამეული წყაროების (genitive plural)
მესამეული წყაროებისაs) (genitive plural)
მესამეული წყაროებისაsa) (genitive plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთ (archaic genitive plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაt) (archaic genitive plural)
მესამეულ წყაროთაta) (archaic genitive plural)
მესამეული წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
მესამეული წყაროთ (instrumental singular)
მესამეული წყაროთაt) (instrumental singular)
მესამეული წყაროთაta) (instrumental singular)
მესამეული წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
მესამეული წყაროებით (instrumental plural)
მესამეული წყაროებითაt) (instrumental plural)
მესამეული წყაროებითაta) (instrumental plural)
მესამეულ წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
მესამეულ წყაროდ (adverbial singular)
მესამეულ წყაროდაd) (adverbial singular)
მესამეულ წყაროდაda) (adverbial singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებად (adverbial plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებადაd) (adverbial plural)
მესამეულ წყაროებადაda) (adverbial plural)
მესამეულო წყაროვ (singular vocative)
მესამეულო წყაროებო (plural vocative)
მესამეული წყარონო (archaic plural vocative)
-ზე
მესამეულ წყაროზე (singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებზე (plural)
-თან
მესამეულ წყაროსთან (singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებთან (plural)
-ში
მესამეულ წყაროში (singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებში (plural)
-ვით
მესამეულ წყაროსავით (singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებივით (plural)
-თვის
მესამეული წყაროსთვის (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებისთვის (plural)
-ებრ
მესამეული წყაროსებრ (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებისებრ (plural)
-კენ
მესამეული წყაროსკენ (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებისკენ (plural)
-გან
მესამეული წყაროსგან (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებისგან (plural)
-ადმი
მესამეული წყაროსადმი (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებისადმი (plural)
-დან
მესამეული წყაროდან (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებიდან (plural)
-ურთ
მესამეული წყაროთურთ (singular)
მესამეული წყაროებითურთ (plural)
-მდე
მესამეულ წყარომდე (singular)
მესამეულ წყაროებამდე (plural)

მე‧სა‧მე‧უ‧ლი

(scholarly studies, historiography) tertiary source


historiozofia

pl-noun

historiozofia f (related adjective historiozoficzny)

historiozoficzny (adjective)
historiozofia (nominative singular)
historiozofii (genitive singular)
historiozofii (dative singular)
historiozofię (accusative singular)
historiozofią (instrumental singular)
historiozofii (locative singular)
historiozofio (singular vocative)

(historiography, philosophy) historiosophy (philosophy of history)


temps long

Coordinate term: temps court

(historiography) longue durée (long period of time during which social processes develop or social structures evolve)


Rhomaean

en-adj

Rhomaean (comparative more Rhomaean, superlative most Rhomaean)

more Rhomaean (comparative)
most Rhomaean (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos), referring to the autonym used by Grecophone writers in the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire.

lbor

(historiography, rare) Synonym of Rhomaian; of or pertaining to the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) empire.