elephant

en-noun

elephant (countable and uncountable, plural elephants)

→ Hawaiian: ʻelepani

→ Maori: arewhana

→ Tokelauan: elefane

→ Tongan: ʻelefanite

→ Welsh: eliffant

From Middle English elefant, elefaunt, from Old French elefant, elefan, olifant, re-latinized in Middle French as elephant, from Latin elephantus, from Ancient Greek ἐλέφᾱς (eléphās) (gen. ἐλέφαντος (eléphantos)). Believed to be derived from an Afroasiatic form such as Proto-Berber *eḷu (“elephant”) (compare Tamahaq êlu, Tamasheq alu) or Egyptian ꜣbw (“elephant; ivory”). More at ivory. Replaced Middle English olifant (from the aforementioned Old French form, from Vulgar Latin *olifantus), which replaced Old English elpend (“elephant”).

elephant trunk

Pachypodium namaquanum or Agave attenuata

elephant tortoise

Testudo gigantea or Testudo elaphantopus

elephant yam

Amorphophallus konjac or Amorphophallus paeoniifolius

Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that is moved two points diagonally, may not jump over intervening pieces and may not cross the river.


馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (馬):
* → Japanese: 馬(ば) (ba)
* → Korean: 마(馬) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: mã (馬, “(xiangqi) horse; (chess) knight”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *maːꟲ (“horse”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: max
Zhuang: max
Central Tai
Tày: mạ
Nùng: mạ
Nong Zhuang: max
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Ahom: 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa)
Thai: ม้า (máa)
Northern Thai: ᨾ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ມ້າ (mā)
Lü: ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²)
Tai Dam: ꪣ꫁ꪱ
Shan: မႃႉ (mâ̰a)
Tai Nüa: ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa)

desc

→ Thai: เบ๊ (bée, “horse”) (via Teochew)

Cursive script (East Asia)
Semi-cursive script

Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目 (mù)). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬 (huǒ), unrelated to 火 (huǒ)).
Contrast with 鹿 (lù, “deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦 /荐 (jiàn)), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬 (huǒ)) but the head of 鹿 (lù).
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞 /蚂. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
The surname is popularly known to be prevalent among Hui Muslims, where it is likely derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “Muhammad”), although the surname 馬 itself predates Islam.

马
𫠉
傌
𢒗
𢒠
𢒧
𩡬
𩡮
抹
碼

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

(xiangqi) knight; horse: 🩪 (sometimes only on the black side)


車

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (車):
* → Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
* → Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)
* → Vietnamese: xa (車)

→ Vietnamese: xe (車, “wheeled vehicle”)

→ Zhuang: ci (“vehicle”)

Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.
Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).
Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because the horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990, Bauer, 1994), from Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)le, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, a form of *kʷel- (“to turn”). Cognate with English wheel, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Lithuanian kaklas (“neck”), etc.
Sagart and Baxter (2025) specifically pinpoint descent from some reflex of Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám. They also suppose that the variation of pronunciations could be attributed to separate borrowing events from Indo-Aryan and Iranian.
An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆／轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.
The sense of lewd content is derived from 老司機 /老司机 (lǎosījī).

cog

(xiangqi) chariot; rook: 🩫 (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


車

(xiangqi) any piece labeled with 車; the chariot/rook.


general

en-noun

general (countable and uncountable, plural generals)

generals (plural)
General (alternative)
gen. (alternative)
gen (alternative)
Gen. (alternative)
Gen (alternative)
genl (alternative)
gen'l (alternative)
Genl (alternative)
Gen'l (alternative)
generall (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”); thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, generic.

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace.


象

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (象):
* → Japanese: 象(ぞう) (zō); 象(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 상(象) (sang)
* → Vietnamese: tượng (象)

→? Bulgar: (from 象 (OC *s-[d]aŋʔ))

Chuvash: сӑлан (sălan)

>? Proto-Slavic: *slonъ

→ Proto-Common Turkic: *yaŋan (from *žaŋga(n) < 象 (MC zjangX))

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (yaŋa)

Western Yugur: yaŋan

→ Kalmyk: зан (zan)

→ Mongolian: заан (zaan)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”)

Lao: ຊ້າງ (sāng)

Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²)

Northern Thai: ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ (cang)

Saek: ซาง

Shan: ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang)

Tai Dam: ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ

Tai Nüa: ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang)

Thai: ช้าง (cháang)

desc

→ Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *tsaŋ (“elephant”)

Burmese: ဆင် (hcang)

→ Proto-Monic: *ciiŋ ("elephant")

Mon: စိၚ် (coiŋ)

→ Proto-Vietic: *ʔa-ɟaːŋ (“elephant”)

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of an elephant. ⺈ represents the trunk, 𫩏 represents the head, and 𧰨 represents the body.
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.
Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi First attested in c. 221 BCE: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象.”
Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.
As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. Schuessler, 2007) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象 should be compared with Tibetan གླང (glang), གླང་ཆེན (glang chen, “elephant”) arising from a common Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“ox, bull; elephant”), which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 1994 (unpublished) apud Behr, 2004a; cf. Old Mon draṅ (draŋ), [script needed] (graŋ, “animal horn, elephant tusk”), Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “horn, tusk”) and Kharia ɖeɽeŋ from Proto-Austroasiatic *krɨŋ (“horn”)). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “ox, bull”).
See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

inh

(xiangqi) elephant: 🩩 (on the black side) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


士

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (士):
* → Japanese: 士(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(士) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: sĩ (士)

Pictogram (象形) – a war axe. Later, it took the meaning of "soldier" and eventually "officer, intellectual". Partly related to 王 since in at least two characters it should represent a ritual axe, perhaps made of jade: in fact, it is related to 圭 and 金 despite their appearance.
;"bachelor, man, male"
:*Reminiscent of Austroasiatic synonyms like Old Khmer si (“male”) or MK words for "man, male" like *ʔŋsiil, *ensir, *kəsəy on the Malay Peninsula; Schuessler (2007) noted that foreign *-r sometimes left traces in OC initial complex. These relations, if, valid, would keep 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" distinct from 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar".
;"take or give an office, serve", "servant", "retainer", "officer", "scholar"
:*Schuessler (2007) noted that one could naturally assume the semantic development "male > man > servant > to serve" in order to posit that 士₁ "bachelor, man, male" is the same word as 士₂ "servant, retainer, officer, scholar". Yet, the exopassive derivation 事 (OC *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs) "assignment, affair, thing" and Tibeto-Burman counterparts demonstrated no association with "man, maleness"; & "male" hardly derives from "to serve".
:*Therefore, Schuessler derived these forms from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "envoy, jail official, matchmaker" & proposed ultimate Austroasiatic origins. In terms of phonology, MC *dʐ- normally does not occur with *l- and *ʂ in an ST word-family, apparently confirming a non-ST provenance; however, MC *dʐ- here could go back to OC *s-r- (unlike MC *ʂ-, which is from OC *sr)
:*Subsequenly, Schuessler posited either relation to Austroasiatic or OC loan into Tibeto-Burman as Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ-dzəj (“send on an errant”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence Burmese စာ (ca, “thing”) & Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, “thing, matter, object”) (Gong, 1999). Even so, Tibeto-Burman cognates of this etymon and 所 (suǒ) are difficult to distinguish.

cog

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩨 (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)


仕

See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)


傌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Han compound

(xiangqi) horse; knight: 🩣 (on the red side)


兌

In the oracle bone script, it is a ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 八 (“speech; breath”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 人 (“person”) – speech; original character of 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak”). It is also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːds): phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) + semantic 人 (“person”).
Alternatively, 八 may be interpreted as smile lines above the mouth (Gao Hongjin) or as meaning “to divide” (Lin Yiguang, i.e. the mouth is divided when smiling); in either case, the character would be the original character of 悅 (OC *lod, “pleased”).

Han compound

exchange sacrifice
w:the exchange (chess)

(xiangqi) to sacrifice one's piece to capture an opponent's piece; similar to an exchange sacrifice in chess


兵

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


卒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卒):
* → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
* → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
* → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):
# : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
# : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
# (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
# (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
# ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.
The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).
From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

卆
䘚
𠥾
𨔊/𨒳
𧙻
𰠄

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)


嗊

(xiangqi, Hokkien) general or marshal; the king piece (on the black side) or the chief piece (on the red side)


將

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrificial table on which the meat is placed. The sacrificial meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle

Han compound

(xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)


將

tương (romanization)
tướng (romanization)

(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black and 帥 (soái) in red


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

(xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)


抽

desc

→ Mongolian: татах (tatax, “to inhale”) (semantic loan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
The slang sense is short for 抽風／抽风 (chōufēng).

Han compound

將軍抽車

将军抽车


炮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (砲 /炮):
* → Japanese: 砲(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 포(砲) (po)
* → Vietnamese: pháo (砲)

→ Tuvan: боо (boo)

Mongolic:

→ Buryat: буу (buu)

→ Daur: pau

→ Dongxiang: pao

→ Kalmyk: бу (bu)

→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)

Tungusic:

→ Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)

→ Nanai: пао (pao)

→ Orok: пау (pau)

→ Ulch: пау

→ Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː): semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007). Note also similarities to Burmese သင့် (sang., “to befall, be suitable”).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).


cannon

en-noun

cannon (countable and uncountable, plural cannons or (mainly UK) cannon)

cannons (plural)
cannon (UK mainly plural)

Attested from around 1400 as Middle English canon, canoun, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canyon. This spelling was not fixed until about 1800.

(xiangqi) A piece which moves horizontally and vertically like a rook but captures another piece by jumping over a different piece in the line of attack.


slon

slonice (feminine)
slon (nominative singular)
sloni (nominative plural)
slona (genitive singular)
slonů (genitive plural)
slonovi (dative singular)
slonu (dative singular)
slonům (dative plural)
slona (accusative singular)
slony (accusative plural)
slone (singular vocative)
sloni (plural vocative)
slonovi (locative singular)
slonu (locative singular)
slonech (locative plural)
slonem (instrumental singular)
slony (instrumental plural)

(xiangqi) elephant: a xiangqi piece that is moved two points diagonally, may not jump over intervening pieces and may not cross the river.


soldier

soldiers (plural)
soldior (alternative obsolete)
soldiour (alternative obsolete)
souldier (alternative obsolete)
souldior (alternative obsolete)
souldiour (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English soudeour, from Old French soudier or soudeour (“mercenary”), from Medieval Latin soldarius (“soldier (one having pay)”), from Late Latin solidus, a type of coin. Displaced Old English cempa (whence obsolete kemp).
(red herring): An allusion to soldiers' red uniforms; red herring is, reciprocally, a slang term for "soldier".

der

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that moves and captures by advancing one point. Once it has crossed the river, it may also move and capture one point horizontally.


advisor

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that is moved one point diagonally and confined within the palace.


xe

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 車 (“vehicle”, SV: xa). Compare hè and hạ, chè and trà.

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xa</i>

vi-etym-sino

(xiangqi) chariot, a piece labeled with the characters 車 /车 (xa, black) and 俥 /伡 (red)


raja

raja-raja (plural)
para raja (plural)
radja (alternative)

From Malay raja, from Classical Malay raja, from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

merajai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

merajakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(xiangqi) general; a xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace


chariot

From Middle English chariot, from Old French chariot, from char (“cart”), from Latin carrus (“wagon”). Displaced native Old English hrædwæġn (literally “fast wagon”).


horse

en-noun

horse (countable and uncountable, plural horses)

horses (plural)
hoss (alternative pronunciation-spelling regional)
hawss (alternative pronunciation-spelling regional)

Sranan Tongo: asi

→ Maori: hōiho

→ Quiripi: hosses (from the plural horses)

From Middle English horse, hors, from Old English hors (“horse”), from Proto-West Germanic *hors, *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of car and carrus. Cognate with North Frisian hors (“horse”), West Frisian hoars (“horse”), Dutch ros, hors (“horse”), German Ross (“horse”), Danish hors (“horse”), Swedish russ, hors (“horse”), Icelandic hross, hors (“horse”).

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

a nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse

close the barn door after the horse has bolted

close the stable door after the horse has been stolen

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen

lock the stable door after the horse has bolted

shut the stable door after the horse has bolted

you can't put the shit back in the horse

zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse

Also Horse harness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

See Horse-drawn vehicles on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Note: Many of these were adapted into and/or gave their names to motor vehicle types

with the horse-drawn originals often being forgotten.

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual

A hoofed mammal, Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history for riding and draft work.

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that moves and captures one point orthogonally and then one point diagonally.


対局

ja-noun

対(たい)局(きょく) • (taikyoku) ^(←たいきよく (taikyoku)?)

対局 (canonical)
taikyoku (romanization)
たいきよく (hiragana historical)

2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第(だい)134(ひゃくさんじゅうよん)局(きょく) 楊(ヤン)海(ハイ)の助(じょ)言(げん) [Game 134: Yang Hai’s Advice]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 80:

楽平！勝ッタヨ

楽平！勝ッタヨ


対局

ja-verb-suru

対(たい)局(きょく)する • (taikyoku suru) ^(←たいきよく (taikyoku)?)suru (stem 対(たい)局(きょく)し (taikyoku shi), past 対(たい)局(きょく)した (taikyoku shita))

対局する (canonical)
taikyoku suru (romanization)
taikyoku (romanization)
対局し (stem)
対局した (past)
対局し
たいきょくし
taikyoku shi
対局する
たいきょくする
taikyoku suru
対局すれ
たいきょくすれ
taikyoku sure
対局せよ (imperative literary)
対局しろ (colloquial imperative)
たいきょくせよ (imperative literary)
たいきょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
taikyoku seyo (imperative literary)
taikyoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
対局される (passive)
たいきょくされる (passive)
taikyoku sareru (passive)
対局させる (causative)
対局さす (causative)
たいきょくさせる (causative)
たいきょくさす (causative)
taikyoku saseru (causative)
taikyoku sasu (causative)
対局できる (potential)
たいきょくできる (potential)
taikyoku dekiru (potential)
対局しよう (volitional)
たいきょくしよう (volitional)
taikyoku shiyō (volitional)
対局しない (negative)
たいきょくしない (negative)
taikyoku shinai (negative)
対局せず (continuative negative)
たいきょくせず (continuative negative)
taikyoku sezu (continuative negative)
対局します (formal)
たいきょくします (formal)
taikyoku shimasu (formal)
対局した (perfective)
たいきょくした (perfective)
taikyoku shita (perfective)
対局して (conjunctive)
たいきょくして (conjunctive)
taikyoku shite (conjunctive)
対局すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たいきょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
taikyoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(go, shogi, xiangqi, chess) to play a game


先手

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

(board games, go, chess, xiangqi, etc.) offensive; move that carries a significant threat; a move forcing the opponent to respond; a move with tempo


mã

(xiangqi) horse, a piece labeled with the characters 馬 /马 (mǎ, black) and 傌 /㐷 (red)


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

zyoeng¹ guong¹ [Phonetic:zyoeng⁵ nguong¹]

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/


generál

cs-noun

generál m anim (female equivalent generálka)

generálka (feminine)
generál (nominative singular)
generálové (nominative plural)
generála (genitive singular)
generálů (genitive plural)
generálovi (dative singular)
generálu (dative singular)
generálům (dative plural)
generála (accusative singular)
generály (accusative plural)
generále (singular vocative)
generálové (plural vocative)
generálovi (locative singular)
generálu (locative singular)
generálech (locative plural)
generálem (instrumental singular)
generály (instrumental plural)
jenerál (alternative dated)

(xiangqi) general: a xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace.


小卒

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


tốt

con (classifier)
quân (classifier)
chốt (alternative)

(xiangqi) soldier, a piece labeled with the characters 卒 (black) and 兵 (binh, red)


上士

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² siː²²/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ siː²²/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) forward diagonally


下士

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕia²¹³ sz̩²¹³/

/ɕia⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/haː²² siː²²/

/ɕia⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ha³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ su²²/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

(xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step diagonally


tượng

(xiangqi) elephant, a piece labeled with the characters 象 (xiàng, black) and 相 (tướng, red)


pháo

khẩu (classifier)
cỗ (classifier)
con (classifier)

→ Tai Dam: ꪠ꪿ꪱꪫ

(xiangqi) cannon, a piece labeled with the characters 砲 /炮 (pháo, black) and 炮 (red)


sĩ

sĩ nông công thương

intelligentsia, peasants, craftsmen, and merchants

(xiangqi) an advisor, a piece labeled with the characters 士 (shì, black) and 仕 (sĩ, red)


strážce

strážce m anim (female equivalent strážkyně)

strážkyně (feminine)
strážce (nominative singular)
strážci (nominative plural)
strážcové (nominative plural)
strážce (genitive singular)
strážců (genitive plural)
strážcovi (dative singular)
strážci (dative singular)
strážcům (dative plural)
strážce (accusative singular)
strážce (accusative plural)
strážce (singular vocative)
strážci (plural vocative)
strážcové (plural vocative)
strážcovi (locative singular)
strážci (locative singular)
strážcích (locative plural)
strážcem (instrumental singular)
strážci (instrumental plural)

(xiangqi) advisor: a xiangqi piece that is moved one point diagonally and confined within the palace.


tướng

(xiangqi) general, a piece labeled with the characters 將 /将 (black) and 帥 /帅 (soái, red)


剝光豬

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, xiangqi) to capture all of opponent's chess pieces except for the general


臥槽

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(xiangqi) to move a knight into the position of 臥槽馬／卧槽马 (wòcáomǎ)


欠行

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

(xiangqi) stalemate (loss due to the lack of legal move)


lộ

Mi giừ ở lộ mô?

(North Central Vietnam and xiangqi) road; street; path; way


將死

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/


馬後炮

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄡˋ ㄆㄠˋㄦ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ma¹¹ xəɯ⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/maː¹³ hɐu̯²² pʰaːu̯³³/

The name of a Chinese chess move; see the Wikipedia article for more.

(xiangqi) “cannon shot behind horse”, a position in which one's general is checkmated by the opponent's horse and cannon


老將

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/lau³³⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/


黑子

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɛt̚¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


悔棋

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/fuːi̯³³ kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(go, xiangqi, chess, etc.) to regret and retract one's move; to do a takeback (in chess)


當頭炮

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(xiangqi) a common opening move in which one moves the cannon to the central file


chiếu

Chiếu tướng/vua!

chiếu hết/bí


馬走日

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

(xiangqi) the horse moves like the character 日


象走田

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄗㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄗㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

сян цзоу тянь

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(xiangqi) the elephant moves like the character 田 (tián)


臥槽馬

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) a knight in the second furthest rank attacking the enemy king's original position


卒子

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sɵt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡suəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/t͡səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


王不見王

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄨㄤˊ

ванбуцзяньван

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ɒŋ¹³ pɔʔ²¹ kɛŋ⁴² ɒŋ¹³/

orng² buoh⁶ geng⁴ orng² [Phonetic:orng² buoh⁶ geng¹ orng²]

/ɒŋ²⁴ puoʔ² kɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ pɐt̚⁵ kiːn³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ɒŋ¹³ pɔʔ²¹ kɛŋ⁴² ɒŋ¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴ puoʔ² kɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

(xiangqi) the rule that the two kings (generals) must never be on the same file without any pieces in between them


落士

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/no²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/ŋɔk̚²² si³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ sz̩¹¹/

/loʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁴/

/loʔ²² zz̩³⁵/

(dialectal, xiangqi) to move an adviser (士) back one step


收士

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ʂəu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Xiang, xiangqi) to move a piece back one step


tịnh

A non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 象 (SV: tượng), perhaps used to make it more audibly distinct from tướng (“general”), especially in central dialects in which these two may sound too similar.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tượng</i>

vi-etym-sino

(xiangqi, chess) alternative form of tượng (“elephant; bishop”)


pháo lồng

[faːw˧˦ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

[faːw˨˩˦ ləwŋ͡m˦˩]

[faːw˦˥ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

pháo (“cannon”) + lồng (“to put one into another”).

com

(xiangqi) a checkmate resulting from two cannons aligning with an exposed general on a non-diagonal line, in which the rear cannon is ready to check, and the front one can check if the general's controller futilely attempts to shield it with another piece


長打

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(xiangqi) perpetual check, perpetual threatmate or perpetual threat to capture a piece


chiếu tướng

[t͡ɕiəw˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ciw˦˥ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 照 (“to check”) and 將 (“the king piece”).

vi-etym-sino

(chess, xiangqi) to check; to put the king in check


將殺

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/


飛象過河

ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹/

(xiangqi) to move one's elephant across the river (a move that is against the rules of xiangqi)


tàn cuộc

[taːn˨˩ kuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[taːŋ˦˩ kuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[taːŋ˨˩ kuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 殘局, composed of 殘 (“to fade, to wither, to decay, to crumble”) and 局 (“situation, set, game”).

vi:Tàn cuộc (cờ tướng)
vi:Tàn cuộc (cờ vua)


trung cuộc

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中局, composed of 中 (“middle, center”) and 局 (“situation, set, game”).


篡位車

цуаньвэйцзюй

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²² kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the starting position of the opponent’s king


花心車

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(xiangqi) a rook which has been moved to the center of the opponent’s palace


飛將

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

(xiangqi, colloquial) a general that is facing another general with no intervening pieces (which is illegal)


卒仔

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) pawn (on the black side)


拓卒

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

/lu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sut̚³²/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the black side) forward


拓兵

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰu(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, xiangqi, chess) to move the pawn (on the red side) forward


屈頭軍

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/kʰut̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien, xiangqi) attack method of a cannon


拱卒

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡suɻʷ³⁵/

/kuəŋ⁵³ t͡sɤu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/

/kən⁴¹ t͡səu̯¹³/


楚河漢界

ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹ hɔːn³³ kaːi̯³³/

During the Chu–Han Contention, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu once signed a ceasefire treaty diving their lands along the Hong Canal (鴻溝 /鸿沟 (hónggōu))

(xiangqi) the separation line between two sides


過河卒子

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄗ

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ ˙ㄗ

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


過河卒

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sɵt̚⁵/

/kᵘɔ³³ hᵘɔ²² tut̚⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, xiangqi, chess) pawn who has crossed to the other side of the river


絆馬腳

ㄅㄢˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄅㄢˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn²² maː¹³ kœːk̚³/

(xiangqi) to obstruct the horse's movement with a piece directly in front of the horse in the direction of the movement


(xiangqi) The red general or king (帥／帅 (shuài)).


(xiangqi) The black general or king (將／将 (jiāng)).


(xiangqi) The red guard or advisor (仕 (shì)).


(xiangqi) The black guard or advisor (士 (shì)).


(xiangqi) The red elephant or bishop (相 (xiāng)).


(xiangqi) The black elephant or bishop (象 (xiàng)).


(xiangqi) The red horse or knight (傌／㐷 (mǎ)).


(xiangqi) The black horse or knight (馬／马 (mǎ)).


(xiangqi) The red chariot or rook (俥／伡 (chē)).


(xiangqi) The black chariot or rook (車／车 (chē)).


(xiangqi) The black soldier or pawn (卒 (zú)).


(xiangqi) The red soldier or pawn (兵 (bīng)).


落象

/no²¹ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/loʔ⁵ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ŋɔk̚²² t͡søŋ³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/lɔ³³ t͡sʰiɔ³³/

/lak̚²⁴ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/loʔ¹¹ ʑiã²³/

/loʔ²² ʑiã³⁵/

/loʔ²² ziã⁵²³/

/loʔ²² d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/no²¹ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/loʔ⁵ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ŋɔk̚²² t͡søŋ³²/

/lɔʔ⁵ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/lɔ³³ t͡sʰiɔ³³/

/lak̚²⁴ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/loʔ¹¹ ʑiã²³/

/loʔ²² ʑiã³⁵/

/loʔ²² ziã⁵²³/

/loʔ²² d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

(dialectal, xiangqi) to move back (of the elephant)


下象

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xa⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/xa⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/ha¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

(xiangqi) to move backward (of the elephant)


上象

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʂaŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʂaŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

(xiangqi) to move forward (of the elephant)


飛象

¹fi-zhian₆ / ¹fi-zian₆ / ¹fi-jian₆ / ¹fi-zhian₄^(

/fei⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/fi²¹ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/fəi³¹ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/fɐi²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/fɨi⁴² ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/fei¹¹ ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/xi⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/fi⁵³ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/fi⁵⁵ ʑiã²¹/

/fi³³ ʑiã⁵¹/

/fi³³ d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/fi³³ ziɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/xu̯i⁴⁴⁻³³ si̯ɔŋ³⁵/

/fei⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/fi²¹ ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/

/fəi³¹ ɕiã⁴⁴/

/fɐi²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/fɨi⁴² ɕiɔŋ¹¹/

/fei¹¹ ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/xi⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵/

/fi⁵³ t͡siɐŋ²²/

/fi⁵⁵ ʑiã²¹/

/fi³³ ʑiã⁵¹/

/fi³³ d͡ʑiæ̃³⁴/

/fi³³ ziɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ɸe̞i̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/xu̯i⁴⁴⁻³³ si̯ɔŋ³⁵/

(xiangqi, dialectal) to move forward (of the elephant)


收象

/ʂəu̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/ʂəu̯³³ si̯æn⁴⁵/

/səu̯³³ ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

(Liuzhou, Changsha Xiang, xiangqi) to move backward (of the elephant)


撐象

/t͡sʰɛŋ²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²¹³ t͡søŋ³²/

(xiangqi, Yinchuan Mandarin, Dongguan Cantonese) to move forward (of the elephant)


soái

(xiangqi) general, a piece labeled with the characters 帥 /帅 (shuài, red) and 將 /将 (tướng, black)