subjectivism

en-noun

subjectivism (countable and uncountable, plural subjectivisms)

(ethics) The doctrine that values and moral principles come from attitudes, convention, whim, or preference.


hedonism

hedonism (usually uncountable, plural hedonisms)

First attested 1856: from Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ism.

Epicureanism

advocating mental pleasures & a need for most typical virtues to avoid pain

(ethics, uncountable) The philosophical belief that happiness, particularly sensual pleasure, is the highest good in life.


deontic

en-adj

deontic (comparative more deontic, superlative most deontic)

more deontic (comparative)
most deontic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek δέον (déon, “what is right”); compare deontology.

der

(ethics, linguistics) Pertaining to necessity, duty or obligation, or expressions conveying this.

deòntic

pertaining to necessity, duty or obligation


egoism

en-noun

egoism (countable and uncountable, plural egoisms)

altruism

antonym(s) of “tendency to think of self”

From French égoïsme, from New Latin egoismus, from Latin ego. By surface analysis, ego + -ism.

(ethics) The belief that moral behavior should be directed toward one's self-interest only.


egoism

egoism (indefinite nominative singular)
egoisms (genitive indefinite singular)
egoismen (definite nominative singular)
egoismens (definite genitive singular)

(ethics) egoism; the belief that moral behavior should be directed toward one's self-interest.


félagshyggja

is-noun

félagshyggja f (genitive singular félagshyggju, no plural)

félagshyggju (genitive singular)
félagshyggja (indefinite nominative singular)
félagshyggjan (definite nominative singular)
félagshyggju (accusative indefinite singular)
félagshyggjuna (accusative definite singular)
félagshyggju (dative indefinite singular)
félagshyggjunni (dative definite singular)
félagshyggju (genitive indefinite singular)
félagshyggjunnar (definite genitive singular)

From félag (“association, society”) + hyggja (“thought”).


utilitarian

en-adj

utilitarian (comparative more utilitarian, superlative most utilitarian)

more utilitarian (comparative)
most utilitarian (superlative)

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From utility + -arian. Coined by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham as early as 1781, and popularized by his student John Stuart Mill, who mistakenly attributed the term to John Galt.


code of conduct

en-noun

code of conduct (plural codes of conduct)

What use have I ever had from this religion that has been dinned into me? It gave me false ideas of the world and nature which I have had to unlearn. It gave me an unworkable code of conduct which I never tried to follow, but I got into trouble for it.

1901, Harold Fielding, The Hearts of Men:

In spite of the maturity of his years and of the savage rigidity of the mould that had formed him, his nature was undergoing an expansion. There was a burgeoning within him of strange feelings and unwonted impulses. His old code of conduct was changing.

1906 May–October, Jack London, chapter VI, in White Fang, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC, part 4 (The Superior Gods):

That iron-bound code of conduct which rules the Anglo-Indian, in the first days of the voyage had threatened to ostracize Karamaneh and Aziz, by reason of the Eastern blood to which their brilliant but peculiar type of beauty bore witness.

1916, Sax Rohmer [pseudonym; A. H. Ward], chapter XXXII, in The Return of Dr. Fu-Manchu:

Mr Blunkett quit after breaking the ministerial code of conduct over paid work he took while out of the Cabinet. John Hutton is to replace him.

2005 November 2, “Blunkett quits after ‘mistakes’”, in BBC News:

The conversational free-for-all on the Internet known as the blogosphere can be a prickly and unpleasant place. Now, a few prominent figures in high technology are proposing a blogger code of conduct to clean up the quality of online discourse.

2007 April 9, Brad Stone, “Bloggers debate need for code of conduct”, in The International Herald Tribune:

Nodding to critics who contend that the movie industry hasn’t done enough to fight sexual harassment, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced on Thursday that it would be establishing a “code of conduct” for its members.

2017 October 27, Sopan Deb, “Motion Picture Academy Moves to Institute Code of Conduct”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(ethics) A set of rules dictating acceptable behaviour and decisions in a specified environment.


deontology

deontology (usually uncountable, plural deontologies)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deh₁-
Ancient Greek δέω (déō)
Ancient Greek δεῖ (deî)lbor.
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.
Latin -logialbor.
French -logiebor.
English -logy
English deontology
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέον (déon, “that which is binding, needful, proper, or right”) + English -ology (variant of -logy (suffix denoting a branch of learning or a study of a particular subject)). Δέον (Déon) is the neuter present participle of δεῖ (deî, “it behoves one to, it is necessary to, one must”), from δέω (déō, “to bind, tie; to fasten; to fetter”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- (“to bind”).
Sense 1 (“synonym of ethics”) was coined by the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) to refer to censorial or dicastic ethics (ethics based on judgment), while sense 2 (“normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether the action follows certain obligations or rules”) derives from the use of the word deontological by the English philosopher Charlie Dunbar Broad (1887–1971) in his book Five Types of Ethical Theory (1930).

nb...

In which the Harmony and Co-incidence of Duty and Self-interest, Virtue and Felicity, Prudence and Benevolence, are Explained, Exemplified, and Applied to the Business of Life. From the MSS. of Jeremy Bentham. Arranged and Edited by John Bowring. In Two Volumes.

Ltd, Broadway House: 68–74 Carter Lane, E.C.4

[Matthew Hale] was no reformer: nothing better than an expounder: every thing stated by him was stated as he found it, or conceived it to be: no inquiries as to what it ought to be: in the eyes of lawyers—not to speak of the dupes—that is to say, as yet, the generality of non-lawyers—the is and the ought to be (or, as in Greek it would be so much better—the το ον and the το δεον, from which last, Ethics has received the more expressive name of Deontology), were one and indivisible.

1826 October, Jeremy Bentham, “Art. VIII.—Observations on the Actual State of the English Law of Real Property, with the Outlines of a Code. By James Humphreys, Esq. of Lincoln’s Inn, Barrister. 8vo. Murray. London. [book review]”, in The Westminster Review, volume VI, number XII, London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, →OCLC, page 448:

The principle, then, on which Deontology is grounded, is the principle of Utility; in other words, that every action is right or wrong—worthy or unworthy—deserving approbation or disapprobation, in proportion to its tendency to contribute to, or to diminish the amount of public happiness.

a. 1833 (date written), Jeremy Bentham, “Deontology Explained—Term Why Adopted”, in John Bowring, editor, Deontology; or, The Science of Morality: […], volume I, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Browne, Green, and Longman; Edinburgh: William Tait, published 1834, →OCLC, part I (Theory of Virtue), pages 23–24:

And then she discoursed with voluble blandiloquence on deontologies and morals, and pondered with imposing gravity on ancient lores, and wisdoms, and beatifications, and in all her countenance seemeth as demure as a babe asleep.

1898, [John Martin Russell], “[Book of Revelation.] Chapter XIII, 11–18. The Second Beast.”, in The Seven Ages of Creation: Or Cosmos and the Mysteries Expounded […], Fort Dodge, Iowa: E. A. Tryon, […], →OCLC, page 231:

ethics

Synonym of ethics (“the study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct”)

[T]he main concern of the last two hundred and fifty years or so of ethics has been to assess the morality of actions or rules by themselves – act-and-rule utilitarianisms and deontologies – as opposed to an interpretation of actions within a morality of being.

1985, William S. Hamrick, “Kindness”, in William S. Hamrick, editor, Phenomenology in Practice and Theory (Phenomenologica; 92), Dordrecht, South Holland; Boston, Mass.: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, →ISBN, part 3 (Aesthetic, Ethical, and Religious Values), page 204:

William Frankena has altered [Charlie Dunbar] Broad's distinction slightly to define teleology as making consequences the "one and only … ultimate right-making characteristic" and to define deontology as allowing "that there are other considerations that may make an action or rule right or obligatory besides the goodness or badness of its consequences …"[…].

1996, James B. Tubbs, Jr., “Richard McCormick: Ordered Values and Proportionate Reasons”, in Christian Theology and Medical Ethics: Four Contemporary Approaches (Theology and Medicine; 7), Dordrecht, South Holland; Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 36:

Deontologies that arise from status functions are not morally neutral. This is in part because of familiar issues such as that people are likely to rely on the observance of such deontologies, the wrongfulness of freeriding, and so on.

2021, Allan Beever, “Justification”, in Law’s Reality: A Philosophy of Law (Elgar Studies in Legal Theory), Cheltenham, Gloucestershire; Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Reconstructing the Philosophy of Law), page 301:

(specifically) The normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether the action follows certain obligations or rules, rather than on either its inherent goodness or its consequences.


Epicureanism

en-noun

Epicureanism (usually uncountable, plural Epicureanisms)

From Epicurean + -ism. As a pejorative synonym of atheism, both from the philosophy's rejection of deontological morality and from Epicurus's specific belief that the Greek gods—if they did exist—did not concern themselves at all with mankind, its actions, or any system of reward or punishment for them. Doublet of epicurism.

(ethics) The philosophical belief that pleasure is the highest good, particularly as advocated by Epicurus with a focus on mental pleasures and on avoidance of pain (ataraxia) through moderation and common virtue.

epicureisme

system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus


pro-choice

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pro-choice.wav

When I defend my pro-choice position in the debate over abortion in our country, I frequently refer to Romania, where pregnancy could be monitored on behalf of the state, and to China, where it could be forcibly terminated.

2003, Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Prague Summer”, in Living History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 354:

But if past is prologue, it’s hard to predict what our prochoice Republican governor will do. […] “You’re totally prochoice and bipartisan,” Caroline says in the ad, as they sit together on a park bench surrounded by trees and grass.

2022 July 26, Shirley Leung, “Charlie Baker is ‘100% prochoice.’ He shouldn’t veto the new reproductive rights bill.”, in The Boston Globe:

(public policy, law, ethics) Supportive of a person's right to choose whether or not to have an abortion.

These cases help create and sustain an essentially pro-choice regime, at least with respect to passive euthanasia and arguably with respect to physician-assisted suicide as well.

1994, Tom Stacy, “Euthanasia and the Supreme Court's Competing Conceptions of Religious Liberty”, in Issues in Law and Medicine, volume 10, number 1, page 62:

Two other sites worthy of note are http://www.efn.org/~ergo/ (Pro-Choice) and http://www.euthanasia.com (Pro-Life).

1998, C. G. Prado, The Last Choice: Preemptive Suicide in Advanced Age, page 103:

Whether we are pro-choice on euthanasia or anti-euthanasia, we can all agree that leaving patients in pain is abhorrent, ethically, and morally reprehensible, and should be punished severely by the law.

2014, Margaret Somerville, Death Talk: The Case Against Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide, 2nd edition, McGill-Queen's University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC:

(public policy, law, ethics) Supportive of a person's right to choose whether or not to end their life by euthanasia.


absolutismo

tl-noun

absolutismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

tlb

(philosophy, political science, ethics, theology)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


dolour

en-noun

dolour (countable and uncountable, plural dolours)

From Middle English dolour (“physical pain, agony, suffering; painful disease; anguish, grief, misery, sorrow; grieving for sins, contrition; hardship, misery, trouble; cause of grief or suffering, affliction”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman dolour, Old French dolour, dolor, dulur (“pain”) (modern French douleur (“pain; distress”)), from Latin dolor (“ache, hurt, pain; anguish, grief, sorrow; anger, indignation, resentment”), from doleō (“to hurt, suffer physical pain; to deplore, grieve, lament”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to divide, split”)) + -or (suffix forming third-declension masculine abstract nouns). The English word is a doublet of dol.

der

Supposedly, utilitarians are able to add and subtract hedons (units of pleasure) and dolors (units of pain) without any signs of cognitive or affective distress […]

1986, Rosemarie Tong, Ethics in Policy Analysis (Occupational Ethics Series), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, →ISBN, page 16:

(countable, economics, ethics) In economics and utilitarianism: a unit of pain used to theoretically weigh people's outcomes.


casuist

From French casuiste, from Spanish casuista, from Latin casus (“case”).

(ethics) A person who resolves cases of conscience or moral duty.


golden rule

"Mr. Francis seems to understand the fundamental principle of all moral accounting, the great ethic rule of three. Let A do to B, as he would have B do to him; the product will give the rule of conduct required." My father smiled at this reduction of the golden rule to arithmetical form.

1818, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 2, in Rob Roy:

(ethics) The principle that one should treat other people in the manner in which one would want to be treated by them.

恕道

principle that one should treat other people how one wants to be treated


eudaimonia

(ethics) Eudaimonia (in Aristotelian ethics, a condition of living a life of the highest virtue; the state of human flourishing, which is desirable in and of itself, rather than as a means towards some other end)


hedonismo

From Spanish hedonismo, English hedonism.

(ethics) the belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life


hedonismo

pt-noun

hedonismo m (usually uncountable, plural hedonismos)

(ethics) hedonism (belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life)


hedonismo

tl-noun

hedonismo (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish hedonismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon).


reverse discrimination

In one instance, Title VII authorizes reverse discrimination. The act gives employers ranging from Minnesota wild-rice farmers to New Mexico electronics manufacturers the option of hiring only American Indians.

1965 July 9, “Statutes: Sex & VII”, in Time:

Alan Bakke at the University of California At Davis Medical School, Karen Hopwood at the law school of the University of Texas, and Jennifer Gratz at the University of Michigan all have argued successfully in court that they were the victims of reverse discrimination because blacks were given preferential treatment in the admissions process at these schools.

2002, “Why Affirmative Action Does Little Harm to White Students”, in The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, number 36, page 21:

(law, ethics, public policy) The policy or practice of discriminating against members of a designated group which has in the past unfairly received preferential treatment in social, legal, educational, or employment situations, with the intention of benefiting one or more other groups (such as racial, disabled, or gender groups) that have previously been discriminated against.

逆向歧視 /逆向歧视

advantaging minority groups who have traditionally been discriminated


bioethics

This graded appreciation of the developing moral status of human life, especially during its prenatal stages, is deeply relevant to some of the most important bioethics debates of our day.

1999, Ronald M. Green, “Jewish Teaching on the Sanctity and Quality of Life”, in Edmund D. Pellegrino, Alan I. Faden, editors, Jewish and Catholic Bioethics: An Ecumenical Dialogue, page 33:

2006, Florencia Luna, Arleen L. F. Salles, One: Latin American Bioethics: Some Reflections, Florencia Luna (editor), Bioethics and Vulnerability: A Latin American View, page 9,
Bioethics has been defined as the critical and systematic reflection on ethical issues in healthcare, biological and medical research, and public health. […] In the United States, the emergence of modern bioethics has been characterized by a shift away from the religious and medical considerations that initially dominated the discourse to more philosophical and legal concepts.

Despite the enormous breadth of bioethics, which ranges from interpersonal conflicts in medical practice, to ethical issues in animal and human subjects research, to policy formation in health care and the sciences, the bioethics field may be united by two common characteristics.
First, bioethics is by nature a highly interdisciplinary activity.[…]Secondly, biothics tends to be practiced today along the main modalities of the ethics of modernity.

2013, Insoo Hyun, “x2”, in Bioethics and the Future of Stem Cell Research, page 14:

(ethics) The branch of ethics that studies the implications of biological and biomedical advances.


two wrongs make a right

(logic, ethics) A logical informal fallacy whereby a wrongful action is justified by the commission of another.


deontological

en-adj

deontological (comparative more deontological, superlative most deontological)

more deontological (comparative)
most deontological (superlative)

From deontology + -ical (1832). The specialised sense in normative ethics is due to C. D. Broad (1930).

Deontological theories hold that there are ethical propositions of the form: 'Such and such a kind of action would always be right (or wrong) in such and such circumstances, no matter what its consequences might be.'

1930, C. D. Broad, Five Types of Ethical Theory, 206f:

(ethics, philosophy) Of or relating to deontology.


metaethics

From meta- + ethics. First attested in the 1930s.

However, he holds that ethics is not capable of proving cruelty—or happiness, for that matter—to be either good or bad. This view of the limitations of the reasoning of normative ethics belongs to metaethics.

1985, Kenneth Blackwell, The Spinozistic Ethics of Bertrand Russell, volume 1, →ISBN, page 6:

With respect to metaethics, some philosophers, known as cognitivists, believe that it is possible to identify objective criteria for determining what is ethically right or wrong, or good and bad. Others, however, question whether this is possible.

2006, Frederic G. Reamer, Social Work Values and Ethics, 3rd edition, →ISBN, page 62:

(ethics) The study of the nature and meaning of moral judgments, and the foundations and the possibility of ethical reasoning as such.


metaethical

In particular, I argue that (i) moral folkism leads us to the deflationary conclusion that many of the normative and metaethical questions that philosophers discuss are settled by empirical facts about what ordinary folk happen to mean by their words — and so they're not settled by mind-independent facts about reality.

2020, Mark Balaguer, “Moral Folkism and the Deflation of (Lots of) Normative and Metaethics”, in José L. Falguera, Concha Martínez-Vidal, editor, Abstract Objects: For and Against, page 297:

(ethics) Of or pertaining to metaethics.


itseisarvo

itseisarvo (nominative singular)
itseisarvot (nominative plural)
itseisarvo (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvot (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvon (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvot (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvon (genitive singular)
itseisarvojen (genitive plural)
itseisarvoa (partitive singular)
itseisarvoja (partitive plural)
itseisarvossa (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissa (inessive plural)
itseisarvosta (elative singular)
itseisarvoista (elative plural)
itseisarvoon (illative singular)
itseisarvoihin (illative plural)
itseisarvolla (adessive singular)
itseisarvoilla (adessive plural)
itseisarvolta (ablative singular)
itseisarvoilta (ablative plural)
itseisarvolle (allative singular)
itseisarvoille (allative plural)
itseisarvona (essive singular)
itseisarvoina (essive plural)
itseisarvoksi (singular translative)
itseisarvoiksi (plural translative)
itseisarvotta (abessive singular)
itseisarvoitta (abessive plural)
itseisarvoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
itseisarvoni (nominative singular)
itseisarvoni (nominative plural)
itseisarvoni (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvoni (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvoni (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvoni (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvoni (genitive singular)
itseisarvojeni (genitive plural)
itseisarvoani (partitive singular)
itseisarvojani (partitive plural)
itseisarvossani (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissani (inessive plural)
itseisarvostani (elative singular)
itseisarvoistani (elative plural)
itseisarvooni (illative singular)
itseisarvoihini (illative plural)
itseisarvollani (adessive singular)
itseisarvoillani (adessive plural)
itseisarvoltani (ablative singular)
itseisarvoiltani (ablative plural)
itseisarvolleni (allative singular)
itseisarvoilleni (allative plural)
itseisarvonani (essive singular)
itseisarvoinani (essive plural)
itseisarvokseni (singular translative)
itseisarvoikseni (plural translative)
itseisarvottani (abessive singular)
itseisarvoittani (abessive plural)
itseisarvoineni (comitative plural)
itseisarvosi (nominative singular)
itseisarvosi (nominative plural)
itseisarvosi (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvosi (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvosi (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvosi (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvosi (genitive singular)
itseisarvojesi (genitive plural)
itseisarvoasi (partitive singular)
itseisarvojasi (partitive plural)
itseisarvossasi (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissasi (inessive plural)
itseisarvostasi (elative singular)
itseisarvoistasi (elative plural)
itseisarvoosi (illative singular)
itseisarvoihisi (illative plural)
itseisarvollasi (adessive singular)
itseisarvoillasi (adessive plural)
itseisarvoltasi (ablative singular)
itseisarvoiltasi (ablative plural)
itseisarvollesi (allative singular)
itseisarvoillesi (allative plural)
itseisarvonasi (essive singular)
itseisarvoinasi (essive plural)
itseisarvoksesi (singular translative)
itseisarvoiksesi (plural translative)
itseisarvottasi (abessive singular)
itseisarvoittasi (abessive plural)
itseisarvoinesi (comitative plural)
itseisarvomme (nominative singular)
itseisarvomme (nominative plural)
itseisarvomme (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvomme (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvomme (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvomme (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvomme (genitive singular)
itseisarvojemme (genitive plural)
itseisarvoamme (partitive singular)
itseisarvojamme (partitive plural)
itseisarvossamme (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissamme (inessive plural)
itseisarvostamme (elative singular)
itseisarvoistamme (elative plural)
itseisarvoomme (illative singular)
itseisarvoihimme (illative plural)
itseisarvollamme (adessive singular)
itseisarvoillamme (adessive plural)
itseisarvoltamme (ablative singular)
itseisarvoiltamme (ablative plural)
itseisarvollemme (allative singular)
itseisarvoillemme (allative plural)
itseisarvonamme (essive singular)
itseisarvoinamme (essive plural)
itseisarvoksemme (singular translative)
itseisarvoiksemme (plural translative)
itseisarvottamme (abessive singular)
itseisarvoittamme (abessive plural)
itseisarvoinemme (comitative plural)
itseisarvonne (nominative singular)
itseisarvonne (nominative plural)
itseisarvonne (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvonne (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvonne (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvonne (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvonne (genitive singular)
itseisarvojenne (genitive plural)
itseisarvoanne (partitive singular)
itseisarvojanne (partitive plural)
itseisarvossanne (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissanne (inessive plural)
itseisarvostanne (elative singular)
itseisarvoistanne (elative plural)
itseisarvoonne (illative singular)
itseisarvoihinne (illative plural)
itseisarvollanne (adessive singular)
itseisarvoillanne (adessive plural)
itseisarvoltanne (ablative singular)
itseisarvoiltanne (ablative plural)
itseisarvollenne (allative singular)
itseisarvoillenne (allative plural)
itseisarvonanne (essive singular)
itseisarvoinanne (essive plural)
itseisarvoksenne (singular translative)
itseisarvoiksenne (plural translative)
itseisarvottanne (abessive singular)
itseisarvoittanne (abessive plural)
itseisarvoinenne (comitative plural)
itseisarvonsa (nominative singular)
itseisarvonsa (nominative plural)
itseisarvonsa (accusative nominative singular)
itseisarvonsa (accusative nominative plural)
itseisarvonsa (accusative genitive singular)
itseisarvonsa (accusative genitive plural)
itseisarvonsa (genitive singular)
itseisarvojensa (genitive plural)
itseisarvoaan (partitive singular)
itseisarvoansa (partitive singular)
itseisarvojaan (partitive plural)
itseisarvojansa (partitive plural)
itseisarvossaan (inessive singular)
itseisarvossansa (inessive singular)
itseisarvoissaan (inessive plural)
itseisarvoissansa (inessive plural)
itseisarvostaan (elative singular)
itseisarvostansa (elative singular)
itseisarvoistaan (elative plural)
itseisarvoistansa (elative plural)
itseisarvoonsa (illative singular)
itseisarvoihinsa (illative plural)
itseisarvollaan (adessive singular)
itseisarvollansa (adessive singular)
itseisarvoillaan (adessive plural)
itseisarvoillansa (adessive plural)
itseisarvoltaan (ablative singular)
itseisarvoltansa (ablative singular)
itseisarvoiltaan (ablative plural)
itseisarvoiltansa (ablative plural)
itseisarvolleen (allative singular)
itseisarvollensa (allative singular)
itseisarvoilleen (allative plural)
itseisarvoillensa (allative plural)
itseisarvonaan (essive singular)
itseisarvonansa (essive singular)
itseisarvoinaan (essive plural)
itseisarvoinansa (essive plural)
itseisarvokseen (singular translative)
itseisarvoksensa (singular translative)
itseisarvoikseen (plural translative)
itseisarvoiksensa (plural translative)
itseisarvottaan (abessive singular)
itseisarvottansa (abessive singular)
itseisarvoittaan (abessive plural)
itseisarvoittansa (abessive plural)
itseisarvoineen (comitative plural)
itseisarvoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈits̠e̞i̯s̠ˌɑ̝rʋo̞]


indeterminism

en-noun

indeterminism (countable and uncountable, plural indeterminisms)

Borrowed from French indéterminisme, equivalent to in- + determinism.

(ethics, religion, uncountable) The doctrine that all human actions are not so much determined by the preceding events, conditions, causes or karma as by deliberate choice or free will.


ערך

he-noun

עֵרֶךְ • (érekh) m (plural indefinite ערכים / עֲרָכִים, singular construct עֵרֶךְ־, plural construct עֶרְכֵי־) [pattern: קֵטֶל]

עֵרֶךְ (canonical)
érekh (romanization)
ערכים (indefinite plural)
עֲרָכִים (indefinite plural)
עֵרֶךְ־ (construct singular)
עֶרְכֵי־ (construct plural)


two wrongs don't make a right

"But when it comes to taking what belongs to another—well, a thief is a thief. . . . After all, two wrongs don't make a right, do they?"

1915, William MacLeod Raine, chapter 15, in The Highgrader:

"Late in the fight, Roger told me Zab was going to do something dirty, and he did it," Mayweather said after the fight. "I didn't return it, because two wrongs don't make a right."

2006 April 9, Clifton Brown, “Boxing: Mayweather Is Crowned, but not without a Fight”, in New York Times, retrieved 2009-06-17:

I have no doubt that while the industry loses a great deal of revenue owing to fraudulent travel, it probably more than makes up for it by allowing journey planners to charge too much for journeys - and two wrongs don't make a right.

2023 May 31, Barry Doe, “A potential downside of ticket reform needs consideration”, in RAIL, number 984, page 58:

(ethics) A wrongful action is not a morally appropriate way to correct or cancel a previous wrongful action.

冤冤相報永無完了 /冤冤相报永无完了

a wrongful action is not a morally appropriate way to correct or cancel a previous wrongful action

az egyik fél vétsége nem teszi a másik vétségét semmissé

an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind


self-determination

(ethics, law) The ability or human right to make one's own decisions without interference from others

samostanowienie

ability or right to make one's own decisions without interference from others


speciesism

Coined by British animal rights advocate Richard D. Ryder in 1970 from species + -ism.

coinage

Such is the breathtaking speciesism of our Christian-inspired attitudes, the abortion of a single human zygote (most of them are destined to be spontaneously aborted anyway) can arouse more moral solicitude and righteous indignation than the vivisection of any number of intelligent adult chimpanzees

1996 [1986], Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., →ISBN:

This human chauvinism is one form of a general type of discrimination known as speciesism. What is speciesism? Think of racism. The term “speciesism” has been strategically used by animal rights activists from the 1970s onward precisely […]

2013, John Huss, Planet of the Apes and Philosophy: Great Apes Think Alike, Open Court, →ISBN, page 84:

Sometimes speciesism is also used to describe a positive rather than a negative attitude as when dolphins are alleged to have rescued humans from danger while ignoring other species in peril.

2017, Richard D. Ryder, Speciesism, Painism and Happiness: A Morality for the Twenty-First Century, Andrews UK Limited, →ISBN:

(philosophy, ethics) An ethical stance that assigns different worth or rights to beings on the basis of their species membership, such as assigning greater rights to human beings than to other animals.


moral minimum

en-noun

moral minimum (plural moral minimums or moral minima)

moral minimums (plural)
moral minima (plural)

John Stuart Mill . . . was not long in proving that the moral minimum of wages was a myth.

1887, Franklin H. Giddings, “The Natural Rate of Wages”, in Political Science Quarterly, volume 2, number 4, page 625:

These moral minima are found in the many criminal laws.

1942, Richard C. Fuller, “Morals and the Criminal Law”, in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931-1951), volume 32, number 6, page 628:

Walzer speculates that a comparison of the moral codes found in various societies might produce "a set of standards to which all societies can be held—negative injunctions, most likely, rules against murder, deceit, torture, oppression, and tyranny." These standards would constitute "the moral minimum."

2001, Charles R. Beitz, “Human Rights as a Common Concern”, in American Political Science Review, volume 95, number 2, page 272:

(ethics) A standard or principle upheld as indispensable for moral conduct, whether within a particular context or in general.

First, consider the moral minimum, do no harm.

2005, Patricia Illingworth, Trusting Medicine: The Moral Costs of Managed Care, Routledge, →ISBN, page 100:

(ethics) The specific rule that one should do no intentional harm, often considered the bare minimum required for ethical behavior.


categorical imperative

categorical imperative (plural categorical imperatives)

(ethics) A fundamental ethical principle intended as a guide for determining whether any contemplated action is morally right, based on the concept that an action is good or bad in and of itself regardless of what the actor's aims or preferences are.


deontologist

(ethics) A philosopher or other thinker who advocates or employs a deontological approach to ethics.


ethic of reciprocity

ethic of reciprocity (plural ethics of reciprocity)

(ethics) The golden rule used by philosophers.


descriptive ethics

(ethics) The study of people's beliefs about morality, in contrast to normative ethics and metaethics.


normative ethics

normative ethics (usually uncountable, plural normative ethics)

(ethics) A branch of ethics concerned with classifying actions as right and wrong, attempting to develop a set of rules governing human conduct, or a set of norms for action.


aretaic

en-adj

aretaic (comparative more aretaic, superlative most aretaic)

more aretaic (comparative)
most aretaic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀρετή (aretḗ, “virtue or excellence”).

der

(ethics) Of or pertaining to virtue or excellence.

aretaico

of or pertaining to virtue or excellence


applied ethics

(ethics) The branch of ethics that examines moral questions of right and wrong arising in specific areas of practical concern, as, for example, in medicine or business.


consequentialism

en-noun

consequentialism (countable and uncountable, plural consequentialisms)

From consequential + -ism, coined by British analytic philosopher G. E. M. Anscombe in 1958.

coinage

(ethics) The ethical study of morals, duties and rights with an approach that focuses consequences of a particular action or cause.

(ethics) The belief that consequences form the basis for any valid moral judgment about an action. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome, or consequence.


trone

English: throne

Scots: throne

From Old French trone, trosne, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).

(ethics) The divinely assigned position of a virtue.


determinismo

(ethics) determinism (doctrine that all actions are determined by immutable laws of the universe)


moral code

When the moral code that requires service to the public good decays, the legitimacy of the state collapses.

2020 November 27, Charles Hugh Smith, Moral Decay Leads to Collapse:

(ethics) A written, formal, and consistent set of rules prescribing righteous behavior, accepted by a person or by a group of people.


evolutionary ethics

evolutionary biology
evolutionary biology

(ethics) Ethics - the study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct - that is informed yet not uniquely determined by sociobiology - the application of the principles of evolutionary biology to the study of social behaviour in both humans and animals.


ethical system

The main defects of Comte's ethical system are those that are common to all forms of Eudaemonism: its norm of morality is relative and contingent; it possesses no principles by which the quality of its subject-matter, social happiness, may be defined; its imperative imposes no moral obligation.

1913, “Altruism”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

(ethics) A particular set of consistent ethical principles.


kategorický imperativ

kategorický imperativ (nominative singular)
kategorické imperativy (nominative plural)
kategorického imperativu (genitive singular)
kategorických imperativů (genitive plural)
kategorickému imperativu (dative singular)
kategorickým imperativům (dative plural)
kategorický imperativ (accusative singular)
kategorické imperativy (accusative plural)
kategorický imperative (singular vocative)
kategorické imperativy (plural vocative)
kategorickém imperativu (locative singular)
kategorickém imperativě (locative singular)
kategorických imperativech (locative plural)
kategorickým imperativem (instrumental singular)
kategorickými imperativy (instrumental plural)

categorical imperative
categorical imperative


comparative ethics

(anthropology, sociology, ethics) A type of descriptive ethics, focused on studying the nature and origins of beliefs about morality held by people in diverse social or cultural groups.


business ethics

en-noun

business ethics (countable and uncountable, plural business ethics)

(ethics) The branch of ethics that examines questions of moral right and wrong arising in the context of business practice or theory.


medical ethics

(ethics) The branch of ethics that examines questions of moral right and wrong arising in the context of the practice of medicine.


environmental ethics

(ethics) The branch of ethics that examines questions of moral right and wrong relating to the management, protection, or endangerment of the natural environment.


right to choose

Strict abortion laws have been attacked in the courts, on the grounds that they violate a woman's fundamental right to choose whether or not to bear children.

1969 November 12, “Significant Step Taken on Abortion”, in St. Petersburg Times (Washington Post Service), retrieved 2009-03-22, page 7D:

(public policy, law, ethics) The moral or legal entitlement of a pregnant person to make the full and final decision either to give birth to their child or to abort the fetus.

(public policy, law, ethics) The moral or legal entitlement of a person to make the decision to end their own life through euthanasia.


right to life

(public policy, law, ethics) The right of a human being to the continuation of his or her life.

Texas Right to Life, a statewide, anti-abortion, anti-euthanasia organization, was organized last summer. Right to Life groups in Dallas and Houston have been active for some time.

1974-03, Martha Hume, "Abortions in Texas", Texas Monthly, page 65

That means women should have the right to be free about their own bodies. I believe a woman has a right to life. The opposition is an anti-freedom group, rather than, as they have very effectively called themselves, a right-to-life group.

1987-06, Dale Keiger, "The Quiet Minority", Cincinnati Magazine, page 68

(US, public policy, law, ethics) The moral or legal entitlement of an unborn child to be born, and not have its birth prevented through an abortion or other medical procedure.


silver rule

Confucius (551-479 BC) squarely faces the issue and gives us the first specific statement of the rule in its negative form, sometimes referred to as the "Silver Rule."

1934, J. O. Hertzler, “On Golden Rules”, in International Journal of Ethics, volume 44, number 4, page 421:

(ethics) The principle that one should not treat other people in the manner in which one would not want to be treated by them.


occurrent

en-adj

occurrent (comparative more occurrent, superlative most occurrent)

more occurrent (comparative)
most occurrent (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French occurrent and its source, Latin occurrēns.

I hold the occurrent belief that I'm writing this sentence

One could imagine, for example, that an occurrent belief (e.g. that I'm allergic to apples) would trigger a dispositional desire (not to get an allergic crisis).

2020 November 13, B. Brodaric, F. Neuhaus, Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (FOIS 2020), IOS Press, →ISBN, page 147:

In such a case, my belief that the person I will meet is named Robert Barchi is clearly occurrent.

2016, Douglas N. Husak, Ignorance of Law: A Philosophical Inquiry, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 196:

(philosophy, ethics) Pertaining to occurrence; having to do with an occurrence.


emotivism

en-noun

emotivism (countable and uncountable, plural emotivisms)

Another important meta-ethical theory is known as emotivism or non-cognitivism. Emotivists ... claim that all ethical statements are literally meaningless.

1999, Nigel Warburton, Philosophy: The Basics:

(ethics) The meta-ethical stance that ethical judgments, such as those containing the words "should" and "ought to", are primarily expressions of one's own attitude and imperatives meant to change the attitudes and actions of another.


communitarianism

communitarianism (countable and uncountable, plural communitarianisms)

[…] Tony Blair dallied with communitarianism in the mid-90s and was wont to quote the Quaker philosopher John Macmurray.

2009 February 9, Madeleine Bunting, “The maverick ideas of red Toryism could give Cameron a potent edge”, in The Guardian:

(ethics) The group of doctrines that oppose excessive individualism in favour of a more community-based approach

comunitarisme

doctrine opposing execessive individualism


expressivism

expressivism (usually uncountable, plural expressivisms)

It attempts to show that expressivism is superior to realism at explaining two key theses.

2007 February 7, Jeff Wisdom, “Base property exemplification and mixed worlds: remarks on the Shafer-Landau/Mabrito exchange”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 138, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy, ethics) The doctrine that moral statements such as "this is wrong" express a moral evaluation rather than a statement of fact


DDE

(ethics) Initialism of doctrine of double effect.


expressivist

Since cognitivism is already a commitment of SEN, I see no harm in assuming it so long as we keep in mind that one possible lesson of MTE is that the content of moral predicates is [primarily] non-cognitive or expressivist.

2007 May 26, Michael Rubin, “Sound intuitions on Moral Twin Earth”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 139, number 3, →DOI:

(ethics) Pertaining to or advocating expressivism, the doctrine that the primary function of moral sentences and sensation sentences (like "I am in pain") is to express an evaluative attitude, rather than stating a fact


sensualism

sensualism (countable and uncountable, plural sensualisms)

(ethics) The doctrine that gratification of the senses is the highest good.


grease payment

Critics say there is no distinction between extortion and bribery, and that the distinction between a payoff (illegal) and a "grease" payment made to speed along normal duties (legal under the act) is unclear.

1981 July 28, Peter Grier, “US curb on overseas bribes: too prim, or simply proper?”, in Christian Science Monitor, retrieved 2009-04-09:

An important legal distinction is the difference between bribery and “grease payments,” which are paid in these countries not to affect someone’s decision-making but to speed the process of dealing with government.

2007 October 30, Mike Rast, “Webinar Prepares Local Companies for Cultural Gaps with India, China”, in globalatlanta.com, retrieved 2009-04-09:

(chiefly US, idiomatic, business, law, ethics) A bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual.


lubrication payment

lubrication payment (plural lubrication payments)

By a metaphor in which facilitating human socioeconomic interaction is portrayed as lubricating machinery (e.g., oiling the gears, greasing the wheels); in this regard, compare also social lubricant.

A lubrication payment is a small payment to low-level business people or government officials to "grease the wheels" of business.

1995, Mark E. Mendenhall et al., Global Management, →ISBN, page 145:

Lubrication payments are made with requests for a person to perform a task faster or more efficiently, whereas subornation is an act of asking officials to neglect their duties or do something illegal.

2001, Y. H. Wong, Thomas K. Leung, Guanxi: Relationship marketing in a Chinese context, →ISBN, page 105:

(idiomatic, business, ethics, euphemistic) A bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual.


clout list

By the way, joining Ronan in the move from "10 worst" to the clout list is his on-and-off nemesis, House Speaker Michael Madigan (D-Chicago).

1991 July 7, Thomas Hardy, “To make clout list, it's not what you know, but who you know”, in Chicago Tribune, page 4:

Gov. Blagojevich's office kept a clout list of hundreds of state employees recommended by lobbyists, lawmakers and major fund-raisers.

2006 May 17, Chris Fusco, Dave McKinney, “Governor's office kept clout list”, in Chicago Sun-Times, retrieved 2009-06-05:

The University of Illinois announced Monday that it will temporarily suspend the use of a clout list in the admissions process—a practice school officials first downplayed after it was described in a Tribune investigation.

2009 June 2, Stacy St. Clair, Jodi S. Cohen, “Clout Goes to College: Clout list put on suspension”, in chicagotribune.com, retrieved 2009-06-05:

(chiefly US, idiomatic, politics, ethics) A usually secret list containing the names of people who are to be given special access, benefits, or influence in a political or social situation, especially as a result of having personal, professional, or financial relationships with those in authority.


Nuremberg defense

Nuremberg defense (plural Nuremberg defenses)

/ˈnjʊəɹəmbəːɡ dɪˈfɛns/

Albert Speer
Alfred Rosenberg
Franz von Papen
Hans Frank
Nuremberg Charter
Nuremberg trials
Rudolf Hess
Wilhelm Frick

An allusion to a defense used by former Nazi officials prosecuted during the Nuremberg trials after World War II. The trials were held in Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

“‘Nuremberg defense’, universally pleaded in war crimes trials,” is in actuality the Nuremberg nondefense, universally rejected in war crimes trials. It is a pity that the law of the Nuremberg Tribunal is so little understood after the passage of nearly a quarter of a century.

1970 September, R. R. Baxter, “‘Nuremberg Defense’ Beclouded [letter]”, in Richard B. Allen, editor, ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, volume 56, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 818, column 2:

Recognition of the reliance on an official interpretation of the law defense for government officials and private citizens may initially seem to be the same as the Nuremberg defense of “I was just following orders.”

1978, Stephen M. Kristovich, “United States v. Barker: Misapplication of the Reliance on an Official Interpretation of the Law Defense”, in California Law Review, volume 66, number 44, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California School of Law, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-09-04, page 840:

“It seems like he's [Charles Graner's] wanting to do the Nuremberg defense: ‘I was following orders,’” says Thomas Moran, a Houston attorney and a former military lawyer.

2005 January 6, Laura Parker, “Court-martial begins for Abu Ghraib figure”, in USA Today, archived from the original on 2019-05-21:

(ethics, international law, idiomatic) An explanation offered as an excuse for behaving in a criminal or wrongful manner, claiming that one acted in this way because one was ordered by others (particularly superiors) to do so.


forechoice

(ethics) A motive which is in harmony or agreement with right desire.


antihumanism

antihumanism (usually uncountable, plural antihumanisms)

Thus the field moved beyond its early antihumanism, upgrading drivers from unthinking particles to individuals with agendas (and car phones, and tempers, and fast food banquets spread out on the dashboard).

1994 November 11, David Kestenbaum, “Highway to Hell”, in Chicago Reader:

In his frigid antihumanism, Sorokin parts company with Russian satirists like Gogol, Bulgakov, Yuri Olesha and, more recently, Viktor Pelevin.

2007 April 15, Ken Kalfus, “They Had a Hammer”, in New York Times:

(philosophy, ethics) Opposition to humanism.


antihumanist

But as in the overrated and similarly antihumanist Memento, every sequence proceeds forward; it's only the order of the sequences that's backward.

2003 March 14, Jonathan Rosenbaum, “All and Nothing”, in Chicago Reader:


déontique

(ethics) deontic (relating to necessity, duty or obligation)


өс

From Proto-Turkic *ȫč (“revenge, anger”). Compare Turkish öç.


determinizm

determinizm (nominative singular)
determinizmu (genitive singular)
determinizmowi (dative singular)
determinizm (accusative singular)
determinizmem (instrumental singular)
determinizmie (locative singular)
determinizmie (singular vocative)

(ethics) determinism (doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice)


moral suasion

The temperance movement also exacerbated ethnic tensions. Before 1850 this movement had been primarily one of self-denial and moral suasion aimed at persuading the Protestant middle and working classes to cast out demon rum and become sober, hard-working, upward-striving citizens.

1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry for Freedom, Oxford, published 2003, page 133:

(ethics) Persuasion brought to bear by appeals to someone's moral sense or ethics.


for cause

Section 863. Removal of Guardian for Cause.—The court of chancery may remove all guardians, whether appointed by probate tribunals or by the court itself, or by testament, or by the legislature, whenever the guardian abuses his trust, or the interests of the ward require it.

1889, John Davison Lawson, Rights, Remedies, and Practice, at Law, in Equity, and Under the Codes, volume 2, Bancroft Whitney, page 1556:

A common bee will sting and kill another common bee, for cause, but when it is necessary to kill the queen other ways are employed.

c. 1917, Mark Twain, Concerning Tobacco:

As a result, Grace said, its directors decided "to request Mr. Bolduc's resignation, but not to seek his termination for cause."

1995 April 10, John Greenwald et al., “Sex, Lies and W. R. Grace”, in Time:

The court noted this August, that an employee can be fired for cause based on incompetence, if he or she consistently fails to meet reasonable standards.

2009 October 28, “Incompetence is cause for firing”, in Financial Post, Canada, retrieved 2010-10-19:

(law, ethics) For a legitimate, specific reason; with justification.


with cause

(law, ethics) Alternative form of for cause


utylitaryzm

utylitaryzm (nominative singular)
utylitaryzmu (genitive singular)
utylitaryzmowi (dative singular)
utylitaryzm (accusative singular)
utylitaryzmem (instrumental singular)
utylitaryzmie (locative singular)
utylitaryzmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English utilitarianism, French utilitarisme, German Utilitarismus.

(ethics, philosophy) utilitarianism (the theory of the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people")


moral compass

From moral (“of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour; conforming to a standard of right behaviour”) + compass (“device used to determine the cardinal directions”), from the fact that a compass indicates various directions on its face (sense 3), and enables its user to find the correct direction to go in (sense 1).

compound

To every sane man in all climes and ages the great Creator has given a moral compass to enable him to avoid the wrong and follow the right. This moral compass we call conscience.

1865 August, “Scripture Cabinet: The Office of Temptation”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXV, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock; […], →OCLC, page 504, column 1:

He steered by the guidance of his own peculiar moral compass, regardless of the rough waters through which it led him.

1908, Alice Hegan Rice, chapter VII, in Mr. Opp, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 81:

They hustle and scheme without moral compass, trying to survive by making accommodations that are at best temporary, more often delusional.

1994 November 20, Vincent Canby, “Arts: Sam Shepard Goes to the Races and Wins”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26:

I think he did absolutely the right thing, because according to his own personal moral compass, interfering with someone else's marriage was a sin.

2010, Anne Tyler, “A Conversation with Anne Tyler”, in Noah’s Compass […] (A Borzoi Book), trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 285:

An inner sense which distinguishes what is right from what is wrong, functioning as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

本心

Their catastrophe stemmed from disregarding Christian doctrine: radix malorum est cupiditas (greed is the root of all evil). Without a moral compass, [Robert] Stone's characters cannot even plead ignorance.

1974 November 11, Paul Gray, “Books: Notable: Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone 342 Pages. Houghton Mifflin. $8.95. [review]”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

[Philip] Hart is one of those rare men whose ego is smaller than his talents; and whose directness and sense of conscience have led others to regard him as the moral compass of the Senate.

1975 June 18, J[erald] F[ranklin] Terhorst, “Philip Hart—The almost-leader of Supreme Court”, in Robert M. Stiff, editor, Evening Independent, number 195, St. Petersburg, Fla.: Evening Independent, →OCLC, page 18A, columns 5–6:

He writes that Judaism was her moral compass.

1998 December 5, “Diary reveals complex life of southern Jew”, in Miami Herald, number 82, Miami, Fla.: Herald Print. and Pub. Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1G:

A belief system, person, etc. serving as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

[W]hile blowing opposite arguments from every point of the moral compass, the adventurous Baron quietly saw himself left to navigate his own vessel his own way, through this storm of his own raising.

1822, Anna Maria Porter, chapter I, in Roche-Blanche; or, The Hunters of the Pyrenees. […], volume I, London: […] [A[ndrew] & R[obert] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC, page 19:

Here Mr. Chevy Slyme, whose great abilities seemed one and all to point towards the sneaking quarter of the moral compass, nudged his friend stealthily with his elbow, and whispered in his ear.

1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “From which It will Appear that if Union be Strength, and Family Affection be Pleasant to Contemplate, the Chuzzlewits were the Strongest and Most Agreeable Family in the World”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 36:

Ideas are our rudders. As the soul glides along the warm and swelling sea of feeling, it can only be turned to new points of the moral compass by them.

1886, David Thomas, “No. CXLII. Conventional Christianity, the Great Hindrance to the Extension of the Christianity in Christ”, in Septem in Uno: The First Seven Volumes of The Homilist in One, […] (Homilistic Library; VIII; The Pulpit of the Nineteenth Century), London: Andrew Crombie, […], →OCLC, page 345:

(archaic) The full range of actions, vices, or virtues, which may affect others and which are available as choices to a person, group, or people in general.


biotics

That part of biotics which is a defense against suffering, and accordingly also ethics later on, has four divisions, in correspondence with those four sources of suffering: subhuman nature, man's own nature, his living together with fellow-men, and superhuman powers.

1960, Roland Houde, Joseph Patrick Michael Mullally, Philosophy of Knowledge: Selected Readings, page 16:

More broadly, communal biotics, or ethics, elevates diminution of suffering into a common goal, while culture is that aspect of communal biotics in which people share enjoyment.

1983, William M. Johnston, The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848-1938, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 200:

Such art of living, or biotics, practiced first instinctively and changing later into conscious maxims, is not yet ethics (just as that other part of biotics, with the positive aim of enjoyment, is not yet culture).

2012, Felix M. Cleve, The Giants of Pre-Sophistic Greek Philosophy, page xxxvi:

(ethics) The promotion of enjoyment and the reduction of suffering.


deontológico

pt-adj

deontológico (feminine deontológica, masculine plural deontológicos, feminine plural deontológicas)

deontológica (feminine)
deontológicos (masculine plural)
deontológicas (feminine plural)


eitic ghnó

head

eitic ghnó f (genitive singular eitice gnó)

eitice gnó (genitive singular)
eitic ghnó
n-eitic ghnó
heitic ghnó


eitic mhíochaine

eitic mhíochaine f (genitive singular eitice míochaine)

eitice míochaine (genitive singular)
eitic mhíochaine
n-eitic mhíochaine
heitic mhíochaine


eitic dhualeolaíochta

eitic dhualeolaíochta f (genitive singular eitice dualeolaíochta)

eitice dualeolaíochta (genitive singular)
eitic dhualeolaíochta
n-eitic dhualeolaíochta
heitic dhualeolaíochta

deontological ethics
deontological ethics


eitic ghairmiúil

eitic ghairmiúil f (genitive singular eitice gairmiúla)

eitice gairmiúla (genitive singular)
eitic ghairmiúil
n-eitic ghairmiúil
heitic ghairmiúil


eitic ghnéis

eitic ghnéis f (genitive singular eitice gnéis)

eitice gnéis (genitive singular)
eitic ghnéis
n-eitic ghnéis
heitic ghnéis


eitic na hócáide

eitic na hócáide f (genitive singular eitice na hócáide)

eitice na hócáide (genitive singular)
eitic na hócáide
n-eitic na hócáide
heitic na hócáide


eitic suáilcí

eitic suáilcí f (genitive singular eitice suáilcí)

eitice suáilcí (genitive singular)
eitic suáilcí
n-eitic suáilcí
heitic suáilcí


eitic theileolaíoch

eitic theileolaíoch f (genitive singular eitice teileolaíche)

eitice teileolaíche (genitive singular)
eitic theileolaíoch
n-eitic theileolaíoch
heitic theileolaíoch


dualeolaíocht

dualeolaíocht f (genitive singular dualeolaíochta)

dualeolaíochta (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
dualeolaíocht (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhualeolaíocht (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dualeolaíochta (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an dualeolaíocht (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na dualeolaíochta (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an dualeolaíocht (definite singular)
don dualeolaíocht (definite singular)
dualeolaíocht
dhualeolaíocht
ndualeolaíocht

From dual (“proper, fitting; in the natural order of things”) + eolaíocht (“science, -ology”).


aretaics

Ancient Greek ἀρετή (aretḗ, “virtue”) + -ics.

it is with 'aretaics' […] that anything which can be called moral philosophy begins

1876, John Grote, Treatise on Moral Ideals:

(ethics) The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; contrasted with eudaemonics.


right to work

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-right to work.wav

1948, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 23.1), United Nations
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(public policy, law, ethics) The human right (the right of an individual) to have gainful employment.

工作權 /工作权

the fundamental human right to have employment


kasuistiikka

kasuistiikka (nominative singular)
kasuistiikat (nominative plural)
kasuistiikka (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikat (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikan (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikat (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikan (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojen (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkain (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaa (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkoja (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassa (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissa (inessive plural)
kasuistiikasta (elative singular)
kasuistiikoista (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaan (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihin (illative plural)
kasuistiikalla (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoilla (adessive plural)
kasuistiikalta (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoilta (ablative plural)
kasuistiikalle (allative singular)
kasuistiikoille (allative plural)
kasuistiikkana (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoina (essive plural)
kasuistiikaksi (singular translative)
kasuistiikoiksi (plural translative)
kasuistiikatta (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoitta (abessive plural)
kasuistiikoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kasuistiikkani (nominative singular)
kasuistiikkani (nominative plural)
kasuistiikkani (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikkani (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikkani (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikkani (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikkani (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojeni (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkaini (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaani (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkojani (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassani (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissani (inessive plural)
kasuistiikastani (elative singular)
kasuistiikoistani (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaani (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihini (illative plural)
kasuistiikallani (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoillani (adessive plural)
kasuistiikaltani (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoiltani (ablative plural)
kasuistiikalleni (allative singular)
kasuistiikoilleni (allative plural)
kasuistiikkanani (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoinani (essive plural)
kasuistiikakseni (singular translative)
kasuistiikoikseni (plural translative)
kasuistiikattani (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoittani (abessive plural)
kasuistiikkoineni (comitative plural)
kasuistiikkasi (nominative singular)
kasuistiikkasi (nominative plural)
kasuistiikkasi (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikkasi (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikkasi (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikkasi (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikkasi (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojesi (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkaisi (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaasi (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkojasi (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassasi (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissasi (inessive plural)
kasuistiikastasi (elative singular)
kasuistiikoistasi (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaasi (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihisi (illative plural)
kasuistiikallasi (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoillasi (adessive plural)
kasuistiikaltasi (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoiltasi (ablative plural)
kasuistiikallesi (allative singular)
kasuistiikoillesi (allative plural)
kasuistiikkanasi (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoinasi (essive plural)
kasuistiikaksesi (singular translative)
kasuistiikoiksesi (plural translative)
kasuistiikattasi (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoittasi (abessive plural)
kasuistiikkoinesi (comitative plural)
kasuistiikkamme (nominative singular)
kasuistiikkamme (nominative plural)
kasuistiikkamme (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikkamme (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikkamme (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikkamme (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikkamme (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojemme (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkaimme (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaamme (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkojamme (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassamme (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissamme (inessive plural)
kasuistiikastamme (elative singular)
kasuistiikoistamme (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaamme (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihimme (illative plural)
kasuistiikallamme (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoillamme (adessive plural)
kasuistiikaltamme (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoiltamme (ablative plural)
kasuistiikallemme (allative singular)
kasuistiikoillemme (allative plural)
kasuistiikkanamme (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoinamme (essive plural)
kasuistiikaksemme (singular translative)
kasuistiikoiksemme (plural translative)
kasuistiikattamme (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoittamme (abessive plural)
kasuistiikkoinemme (comitative plural)
kasuistiikkanne (nominative singular)
kasuistiikkanne (nominative plural)
kasuistiikkanne (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikkanne (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikkanne (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikkanne (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikkanne (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojenne (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkainne (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaanne (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkojanne (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassanne (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissanne (inessive plural)
kasuistiikastanne (elative singular)
kasuistiikoistanne (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaanne (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihinne (illative plural)
kasuistiikallanne (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoillanne (adessive plural)
kasuistiikaltanne (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoiltanne (ablative plural)
kasuistiikallenne (allative singular)
kasuistiikoillenne (allative plural)
kasuistiikkananne (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoinanne (essive plural)
kasuistiikaksenne (singular translative)
kasuistiikoiksenne (plural translative)
kasuistiikattanne (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoittanne (abessive plural)
kasuistiikkoinenne (comitative plural)
kasuistiikkansa (nominative singular)
kasuistiikkansa (nominative plural)
kasuistiikkansa (accusative nominative singular)
kasuistiikkansa (accusative nominative plural)
kasuistiikkansa (accusative genitive singular)
kasuistiikkansa (accusative genitive plural)
kasuistiikkansa (genitive singular)
kasuistiikkojensa (genitive plural)
kasuistiikkainsa (genitive plural rare)
kasuistiikkaansa (partitive singular)
kasuistiikkojaan (partitive plural)
kasuistiikkojansa (partitive plural)
kasuistiikassaan (inessive singular)
kasuistiikassansa (inessive singular)
kasuistiikoissaan (inessive plural)
kasuistiikoissansa (inessive plural)
kasuistiikastaan (elative singular)
kasuistiikastansa (elative singular)
kasuistiikoistaan (elative plural)
kasuistiikoistansa (elative plural)
kasuistiikkaansa (illative singular)
kasuistiikkoihinsa (illative plural)
kasuistiikallaan (adessive singular)
kasuistiikallansa (adessive singular)
kasuistiikoillaan (adessive plural)
kasuistiikoillansa (adessive plural)
kasuistiikaltaan (ablative singular)
kasuistiikaltansa (ablative singular)
kasuistiikoiltaan (ablative plural)
kasuistiikoiltansa (ablative plural)
kasuistiikalleen (allative singular)
kasuistiikallensa (allative singular)
kasuistiikoilleen (allative plural)
kasuistiikoillensa (allative plural)
kasuistiikkanaan (essive singular)
kasuistiikkanansa (essive singular)
kasuistiikkoinaan (essive plural)
kasuistiikkoinansa (essive plural)
kasuistiikakseen (singular translative)
kasuistiikaksensa (singular translative)
kasuistiikoikseen (plural translative)
kasuistiikoiksensa (plural translative)
kasuistiikattaan (abessive singular)
kasuistiikattansa (abessive singular)
kasuistiikoittaan (abessive plural)
kasuistiikoittansa (abessive plural)
kasuistiikkoineen (comitative plural)
kasuistiikkoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkɑ̝s̠ui̯s̠ˌtiːkːɑ̝]


εὐδαιμονία

grc-noun

εὐδαιμονίᾱ • (eudaimoníā) f (genitive εὐδαιμονίᾱς); first declension

εὐδαιμονίᾱ (canonical)
eudaimoníā (romanization)
εὐδαιμονίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ εὐδαιμονίᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ εὐδαιμονίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ εὐδαιμονίαι (nominative plural)
τῆς εὐδαιμονίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν εὐδαιμονίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν εὐδαιμονιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ εὐδαιμονίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν εὐδαιμονίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς εὐδαιμονίαις (dative plural)
τὴν εὐδαιμονίᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ εὐδαιμονίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς εὐδαιμονίᾱς (accusative plural)
εὐδαιμονίᾱ (singular vocative)
εὐδαιμονίᾱ (dual vocative)
εὐδαιμονίαι (plural vocative)

From εὐδαίμων (eudaímōn, “fortunate”) + -ίᾱ (-íā, “feminine abstract substantive”).

af

(ethics) Eudaimonia (in Aristotelian ethics, a condition of living a life of the highest virtue; the state of human flourishing, which is desirable in and of itself, rather than as a means towards some other end)


сымыйа

head

сымыйа • (sımıya)

Compare to Kazakh шұбұрт (şūbūrt), Chuvash соя (soja), etc.


үчүгэй

үчүгэй • (ücügey)

sah-adj

үчүгэй • (ücügey)

Probably inherited from Proto-Turkic *sǖčig (“sweet”).


куһаҕан

head

куһаҕан • (kuhağan)

sah-adj

куһаҕан • (kuhağan)


Eudaimonia

/ˌjuːdɪˈməʊnɪə/

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονίᾱ (eudaimoníā, literally “happiness, well-being”).

lbor

Alternative forms: eudaimonia, eudaemonia, eudemonia, eudæmonia

(ethics) In Aristotelian ethics, a condition of living a life of the highest virtue; the state of human flourishing, which is desirable in and of itself, rather than as a means towards some other end.


animal liberation

In Animal Liberation, Peter Singer argues that supporters of liberation for blacks and women should support animal liberation as well and that the basic principle of equality used against racism and sexism should be extended to animals to eliminate speciesism.

1979 July, Christine Pierce, “Can Animals Be Liberated”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 36, number 1, page 69:

The Band of Mercy is one of a number of "animal liberation" groups that are active throughout the country. The groups have taken responsibility for a number of incidents, including stealing chickens from farms in Delaware and Maryland.

1987 August 25, Keith Schneider, “Theft of Infected Cats From U.S. Lab Spurs Alert”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-03-04:

Then, in the 1970s, animal-liberation activists followed in the footsteps of the civil-rights movement, the women's liberation movement and the gay-rights movement, and argued that "species-ism" was wrong and had to be defeated.

2010 July 14, Adam Cohen, “Can Animal Rights Go Too Far?”, in Time, retrieved 2014-03-04:

(ethics, social policy) A social movement dedicated to the advancement of the interests and rights of non-human animals, consisting of theorists and activists.


animal liberationist

(ethics, social policy) Of or pertaining to the animal liberation movement.


animal liberationist

en-noun

animal liberationist (plural animal liberationists)

(ethics, social policy) A theorist or activist who is a member of the animal liberation movement.


恕道

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


deôntico

pt-adj

deôntico (feminine deôntica, masculine plural deônticos, feminine plural deônticas)

deôntica (feminine)
deônticos (masculine plural)
deônticas (feminine plural)


do no harm

en-verb

do no harm (third-person singular simple present does no harm, present participle doing no harm, simple past did no harm, past participle done no harm)

does no harm (present singular third-person)
doing no harm (participle present)
did no harm (past)
done no harm (participle past)

"Oh, make your mind easy! I shall do no harm, if I do no good."

1889, Wilkie Collins, chapter 51, in The Legacy of Cain:

[G]et government out of the gambling business. . . . These officials pervert public policy, which should at least do no harm.

1999 March 29, William Safire, “Essay”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-08-18:

First, consider the moral minimum, do no harm.

2005, Patricia Illingworth, Trusting Medicine: The Moral Costs of Managed Care, Routledge, →ISBN, page 100:

A doctor's principle code is, "First, do no harm."

2008 December 20, Judith D. Schwartz, “Making Hospitals Greener — and Patients Healthier”, in Time, retrieved 2014-08-18:

Hence, some people consider non-maleficence to be the most basic of all the cardinal principles of ethics; it lays down the least minimum condition for ethical correctness, as if to say: "even if you would not do good, at least do no harm."

2012, A. Bame Nsamenang, editor, Handbook of African Educational Theories and Practices, →ISBN, page 100:

(ethics, medicine) To perform no actions which will be injurious or in any way unfavorable to another person, regardless of whether one does anything of positive benefit for that other person.


буруй

From Mongolian. Compare to Northern Altai пуруу (puruu), Tofa буроо (buroo), Chulym поруу (poruu), Tuvan буруу (buruu), Khakas про (pro), etc.


ואהבת לרעך כמוך

head

וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ

וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ • (v'ahavtá l're'akhá kamókha)

he-phrase

וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ

וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ (canonical)
v'ahavtá l're'akhá kamókha (romanization)

love your neighbor as yourself
love your neighbor as yourself

love thy neighbor as thyself
love thy neighbor as thyself

(ethics) love your neighbor as yourself, love thy neighbor as thyself; The Golden Rule: the principle that one should treat other people in the manner in which one would want to be treated by them.


communautarisme

fr-noun

communautarisme m (plural communautarismes)

From communautaire (“of or relating to a community”) + -isme (“-ism”).

af

communautaire<t:of or relating to a community>

Le débat du libéralisme et du communautarisme, qui fut l’un des événements les plus marquants dans la philosophie anglo-américaine des années quatre-vingt, exprime la tension politique et le désajustement entre les exigences d’universalité (comme celles des droits de l’homme) et le fait du pluralisme (la réalité d’écarts apparemment irréductibles entre les conceptions de la vie bonne), entre les revendications de justice ou de liberté et les références à la culture, à la nation, à la classe ou au genre, qui les accompagnent presque toujours.

2003, Emmanuel Renault, “Entre libéralisme et communautarisme : une troisième voie ?”, in Où en est la théorie critique ?:


oikeiosis

(philosophy, ethics) The perception of something as being one's own, or belonging to oneself.


princípio da não agressão

pt-noun

princípio da não agressão m (uncountable)

[pɾĩˈsi.pɪ.u da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[pɾĩˈsi.pju da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[pɾĩˈsi.pɪ.u da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[pɾĩˈsi.pju da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[pɾĩˈsi.pɪ.o da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[pɾĩˈsi.pjo da ˈnɐ̃ʊ̯̃ a.ɡɾeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

/pɾĩˈsi.pju dɐ ˈnɐ̃w̃ ɐ.ɡɾɨˈsɐ̃w̃/

[pɾĩˈsi.pju ðɐ ˈnɐ̃w̃ ɐ.ɣɾɨˈsɐ̃w̃]

non-aggression principle
non-aggression principle

(ethics, philosophy) non-aggression principle


principio di non aggressione

it-noun

principio di non aggressione m (invariable)


principio de no agresión

es-noun

principio de no agresión m (uncountable)


anti-humanismo

pt-noun

anti-humanismo m (plural anti-humanismos)

(ethics) antihumanism (opposition to humanism)


anti-humanista

pt-adj

anti-humanista m or f (plural anti-humanistas)

(ethics) antihumanist (opposing humanism)


anti-humanista

pt-noun

anti-humanista m or f by sense (plural anti-humanistas)

(ethics) antihumanist (one who opposes humanism)


anti-humanístico

pt-adj

anti-humanístico (feminine anti-humanística, masculine plural anti-humanísticos, feminine plural anti-humanísticas)

anti-humanística (feminine)
anti-humanísticos (masculine plural)
anti-humanísticas (feminine plural)


antivivisseccionismo

(ethics) antivivisectionism (opposition to vivisection)


antivivisseccionista

antivivisseccionista m or f (plural antivivisseccionistas)

(ethics) antivivisection (opposed to vivisection)


antivivisseccionista

pt-noun

antivivisseccionista m or f by sense (plural antivivisseccionistas)

(ethics) antivivisectionist (an individual opposed to the practice of vivisection)


aretaico

pt-adj

aretaico (feminine aretaica, masculine plural aretaicos, feminine plural aretaicas)

aretaica (feminine)
aretaicos (masculine plural)
aretaicas (feminine plural)

(ethics) aretaic (of or relating to virtue or excellence)


aretologia

pt-noun

aretologia f (usually uncountable, plural aretologias)

From Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρετή (ăretḗ) + -logia.

(ethics) aretaics (theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness)


初級產品

ㄔㄨ ㄐㄧˊ ㄔㄢˇ ㄆㄧㄣˇ

чуцзи чаньпинь

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


moral imperative

en-noun

moral imperative (plural moral imperatives)

This 60-second commercial, titled The Deficit Trials: 2017 A.D., . . . "expresses a view that budget cuts are a moral imperative."

2001 June 24, “American Notes: Advertising”, in Time, retrieved 2016-01-07:

To research a possible link between US bombardment and rates of birth defects and pediatric cancer in Iraq is a moral imperative.

2012 October 25, Ross Caputi, “The victims of Fallujah's health crisis are stifled by western silence”, in Guardian, UK, retrieved 2016-01-07:

Marc Andreessen, the venture capitalist, wrote on Twitter about the accident, with his usual bravado, “Self-driving cars and trucks are a moral imperative.”

2014 June 10, Claire Cain Miller, “If Robots Drove, How Much Safer Would Roads Be?”, in New York Times, retrieved 2016-01-07:

(ethics) A practice, policy, or state of affairs which is required and justified by the fact that it is morally right.

. . . the Confucian custom of filial piety. This moral imperative requires sons to obey their parents and take care of them during old age.

1996, Robert Strom et al., "Intergenerational Relationships in Taiwanese Families" in Changing Family Roles and Feminism, Man Singh Das (ed.), p. 48 (Google preview)

There are no laws about queueing, but there is a powerful moral imperative not to cheat.

2004 September 18, Adam Nicolson, “Not even the full force of the law is enough to make something legitimate”, in Telegraph, UK, retrieved 2016-01-07:

It is not murderous venom that courses in black veins but loving tolerance for the stranger, which is the central moral imperative of the Gospel.

2015 June 20, Michael Eric Dyson, “Love and Terror in the Black Church”, in New York Times, retrieved 2016-01-07:

(ethics) An ethical principle or rule which requires and justifies a practice, policy, or state of affairs.


deonticity

(ethics, linguistics) The property of being deontic.


preconventional

(ethics) Belonging to the earliest of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, focusing on self-interest and on obedience for the sake of avoiding punishment.


postconventional

(ethics) Belonging to the last of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, involving a social contract orientation and universal ethical principles.


nonnaturalism

(ethics) The metaethical view that (i) ethical sentences express propositions; (ii) some such propositions are true; (iii) those propositions are made true by objective features of the world, independent of human opinion; and (iv) these moral features of the world are not reducible to any set of non-moral features.


虛無主義

ㄒㄩ ㄨˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/ɕy⁵⁵ u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ mou̯²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² bu²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/hi³³ bu²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² bu¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/ɕy⁵⁵ u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/hɵy̯⁵⁵ mou̯²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² bu²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/hi³³ bu²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hi⁴⁴⁻²² bu¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/


rule utilitarianism

(ethics) A form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good.


spesismi

spesismi (nominative singular)
spesismit (nominative plural)
spesismi (accusative nominative singular)
spesismit (accusative nominative plural)
spesismin (accusative genitive singular)
spesismit (accusative genitive plural)
spesismin (genitive singular)
spesismien (genitive plural)
spesismiä (partitive singular)
spesismejä (partitive plural)
spesismissä (inessive singular)
spesismeissä (inessive plural)
spesismistä (elative singular)
spesismeistä (elative plural)
spesismiin (illative singular)
spesismeihin (illative plural)
spesismillä (adessive singular)
spesismeillä (adessive plural)
spesismiltä (ablative singular)
spesismeiltä (ablative plural)
spesismille (allative singular)
spesismeille (allative plural)
spesisminä (essive singular)
spesismeinä (essive plural)
spesismiksi (singular translative)
spesismeiksi (plural translative)
spesismittä (abessive singular)
spesismeittä (abessive plural)
spesismein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
spesismini (nominative singular)
spesismini (nominative plural)
spesismini (accusative nominative singular)
spesismini (accusative nominative plural)
spesismini (accusative genitive singular)
spesismini (accusative genitive plural)
spesismini (genitive singular)
spesismieni (genitive plural)
spesismiäni (partitive singular)
spesismejäni (partitive plural)
spesismissäni (inessive singular)
spesismeissäni (inessive plural)
spesismistäni (elative singular)
spesismeistäni (elative plural)
spesismiini (illative singular)
spesismeihini (illative plural)
spesismilläni (adessive singular)
spesismeilläni (adessive plural)
spesismiltäni (ablative singular)
spesismeiltäni (ablative plural)
spesismilleni (allative singular)
spesismeilleni (allative plural)
spesisminäni (essive singular)
spesismeinäni (essive plural)
spesismikseni (singular translative)
spesismeikseni (plural translative)
spesismittäni (abessive singular)
spesismeittäni (abessive plural)
spesismeineni (comitative plural)
spesismisi (nominative singular)
spesismisi (nominative plural)
spesismisi (accusative nominative singular)
spesismisi (accusative nominative plural)
spesismisi (accusative genitive singular)
spesismisi (accusative genitive plural)
spesismisi (genitive singular)
spesismiesi (genitive plural)
spesismiäsi (partitive singular)
spesismejäsi (partitive plural)
spesismissäsi (inessive singular)
spesismeissäsi (inessive plural)
spesismistäsi (elative singular)
spesismeistäsi (elative plural)
spesismiisi (illative singular)
spesismeihisi (illative plural)
spesismilläsi (adessive singular)
spesismeilläsi (adessive plural)
spesismiltäsi (ablative singular)
spesismeiltäsi (ablative plural)
spesismillesi (allative singular)
spesismeillesi (allative plural)
spesisminäsi (essive singular)
spesismeinäsi (essive plural)
spesismiksesi (singular translative)
spesismeiksesi (plural translative)
spesismittäsi (abessive singular)
spesismeittäsi (abessive plural)
spesismeinesi (comitative plural)
spesismimme (nominative singular)
spesismimme (nominative plural)
spesismimme (accusative nominative singular)
spesismimme (accusative nominative plural)
spesismimme (accusative genitive singular)
spesismimme (accusative genitive plural)
spesismimme (genitive singular)
spesismiemme (genitive plural)
spesismiämme (partitive singular)
spesismejämme (partitive plural)
spesismissämme (inessive singular)
spesismeissämme (inessive plural)
spesismistämme (elative singular)
spesismeistämme (elative plural)
spesismiimme (illative singular)
spesismeihimme (illative plural)
spesismillämme (adessive singular)
spesismeillämme (adessive plural)
spesismiltämme (ablative singular)
spesismeiltämme (ablative plural)
spesismillemme (allative singular)
spesismeillemme (allative plural)
spesisminämme (essive singular)
spesismeinämme (essive plural)
spesismiksemme (singular translative)
spesismeiksemme (plural translative)
spesismittämme (abessive singular)
spesismeittämme (abessive plural)
spesismeinemme (comitative plural)
spesisminne (nominative singular)
spesisminne (nominative plural)
spesisminne (accusative nominative singular)
spesisminne (accusative nominative plural)
spesisminne (accusative genitive singular)
spesisminne (accusative genitive plural)
spesisminne (genitive singular)
spesismienne (genitive plural)
spesismiänne (partitive singular)
spesismejänne (partitive plural)
spesismissänne (inessive singular)
spesismeissänne (inessive plural)
spesismistänne (elative singular)
spesismeistänne (elative plural)
spesismiinne (illative singular)
spesismeihinne (illative plural)
spesismillänne (adessive singular)
spesismeillänne (adessive plural)
spesismiltänne (ablative singular)
spesismeiltänne (ablative plural)
spesismillenne (allative singular)
spesismeillenne (allative plural)
spesisminänne (essive singular)
spesismeinänne (essive plural)
spesismiksenne (singular translative)
spesismeiksenne (plural translative)
spesismittänne (abessive singular)
spesismeittänne (abessive plural)
spesismeinenne (comitative plural)
spesisminsä (nominative singular)
spesisminsä (nominative plural)
spesisminsä (accusative nominative singular)
spesisminsä (accusative nominative plural)
spesisminsä (accusative genitive singular)
spesisminsä (accusative genitive plural)
spesisminsä (genitive singular)
spesismiensä (genitive plural)
spesismiään (partitive singular)
spesismiänsä (partitive singular)
spesismejään (partitive plural)
spesismejänsä (partitive plural)
spesismissään (inessive singular)
spesismissänsä (inessive singular)
spesismeissään (inessive plural)
spesismeissänsä (inessive plural)
spesismistään (elative singular)
spesismistänsä (elative singular)
spesismeistään (elative plural)
spesismeistänsä (elative plural)
spesismiinsä (illative singular)
spesismeihinsä (illative plural)
spesismillään (adessive singular)
spesismillänsä (adessive singular)
spesismeillään (adessive plural)
spesismeillänsä (adessive plural)
spesismiltään (ablative singular)
spesismiltänsä (ablative singular)
spesismeiltään (ablative plural)
spesismeiltänsä (ablative plural)
spesismilleen (allative singular)
spesismillensä (allative singular)
spesismeilleen (allative plural)
spesismeillensä (allative plural)
spesisminään (essive singular)
spesisminänsä (essive singular)
spesismeinään (essive plural)
spesismeinänsä (essive plural)
spesismikseen (singular translative)
spesismiksensä (singular translative)
spesismeikseen (plural translative)
spesismeiksensä (plural translative)
spesismittään (abessive singular)
spesismittänsä (abessive singular)
spesismeittään (abessive plural)
spesismeittänsä (abessive plural)
spesismeineen (comitative plural)
spesismeinensä (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see French spécisme). Contains the suffix -ismi.

(ethics, veganism) speciesism (ethical stance that assigns different worth or rights to beings on the basis of their species membership)


gesinnungsethisch

de-adj

gesinnungsethisch (strong nominative masculine singular gesinnungsethischer, not comparable)

gesinnungsethischer (masculine nominative singular strong)
gesinnungsethisch (masculine predicative singular)
gesinnungsethisch (feminine predicative singular)
gesinnungsethisch (neuter predicative singular)
gesinnungsethisch (plural predicative)
gesinnungsethischer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethische (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethisches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethische (nominative plural strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischer (genitive plural strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischen (dative plural strong without-article)
gesinnungsethischen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethische (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethisches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
gesinnungsethische (accusative plural strong without-article)
der gesinnungsethische (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die gesinnungsethische (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das gesinnungsethische (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die gesinnungsethischen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des gesinnungsethischen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der gesinnungsethischen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des gesinnungsethischen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der gesinnungsethischen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem gesinnungsethischen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der gesinnungsethischen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem gesinnungsethischen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den gesinnungsethischen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den gesinnungsethischen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die gesinnungsethische (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das gesinnungsethische (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die gesinnungsethischen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein gesinnungsethischer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine gesinnungsethische (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein gesinnungsethisches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
gesinnungsethischen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine gesinnungsethischen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines gesinnungsethischen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer gesinnungsethischen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines gesinnungsethischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
gesinnungsethischen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner gesinnungsethischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem gesinnungsethischen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer gesinnungsethischen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem gesinnungsethischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
gesinnungsethischen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen gesinnungsethischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen gesinnungsethischen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine gesinnungsethische (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein gesinnungsethisches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
gesinnungsethischen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine gesinnungsethischen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)

/ɡəˈzɪnʊŋsˌʔeːtɪʃ/

Gesinnung + ethisch or Gesinnungsethik + -isch

(ethics, philosophy, relational) of the ethic of ultimate ends


it takes two to make a quarrel

En-au-it takes two to make a quarrel.ogg

(ethics, idiomatic) It takes two or more people to cause a quarrel; one cannot blame an argument entirely on the other side.

one volunteer is equal to two pressed men


deonttinen

deonttinen (nominative singular)
deonttiset (nominative plural)
deonttinen (accusative nominative singular)
deonttiset (accusative nominative plural)
deonttisen (accusative genitive singular)
deonttiset (accusative genitive plural)
deonttisen (genitive singular)
deonttisten (genitive plural)
deonttisien (genitive plural)
deonttista (partitive singular)
deonttisia (partitive plural)
deonttisessa (inessive singular)
deonttisissa (inessive plural)
deonttisesta (elative singular)
deonttisista (elative plural)
deonttiseen (illative singular)
deonttisiin (illative plural)
deonttisella (adessive singular)
deonttisilla (adessive plural)
deonttiselta (ablative singular)
deonttisilta (ablative plural)
deonttiselle (allative singular)
deonttisille (allative plural)
deonttisena (essive singular)
deonttisina (essive plural)
deonttiseksi (singular translative)
deonttisiksi (plural translative)
deonttisetta (abessive singular)
deonttisitta (abessive plural)
deonttisin (instructive plural)
deonttisine (comitative plural)
deonttiseni (nominative singular)
deonttiseni (nominative plural)
deonttiseni (accusative nominative singular)
deonttiseni (accusative nominative plural)
deonttiseni (accusative genitive singular)
deonttiseni (accusative genitive plural)
deonttiseni (genitive singular)
deonttisteni (genitive plural)
deonttisieni (genitive plural)
deonttistani (partitive singular)
deonttisiani (partitive plural)
deonttisessani (inessive singular)
deonttisissani (inessive plural)
deonttisestani (elative singular)
deonttisistani (elative plural)
deonttiseeni (illative singular)
deonttisiini (illative plural)
deonttisellani (adessive singular)
deonttisillani (adessive plural)
deonttiseltani (ablative singular)
deonttisiltani (ablative plural)
deonttiselleni (allative singular)
deonttisilleni (allative plural)
deonttisenani (essive singular)
deonttisinani (essive plural)
deonttisekseni (singular translative)
deonttisikseni (plural translative)
deonttisettani (abessive singular)
deonttisittani (abessive plural)
deonttisineni (comitative plural)
deonttisesi (nominative singular)
deonttisesi (nominative plural)
deonttisesi (accusative nominative singular)
deonttisesi (accusative nominative plural)
deonttisesi (accusative genitive singular)
deonttisesi (accusative genitive plural)
deonttisesi (genitive singular)
deonttistesi (genitive plural)
deonttisiesi (genitive plural)
deonttistasi (partitive singular)
deonttisiasi (partitive plural)
deonttisessasi (inessive singular)
deonttisissasi (inessive plural)
deonttisestasi (elative singular)
deonttisistasi (elative plural)
deonttiseesi (illative singular)
deonttisiisi (illative plural)
deonttisellasi (adessive singular)
deonttisillasi (adessive plural)
deonttiseltasi (ablative singular)
deonttisiltasi (ablative plural)
deonttisellesi (allative singular)
deonttisillesi (allative plural)
deonttisenasi (essive singular)
deonttisinasi (essive plural)
deonttiseksesi (singular translative)
deonttisiksesi (plural translative)
deonttisettasi (abessive singular)
deonttisittasi (abessive plural)
deonttisinesi (comitative plural)
deonttisemme (nominative singular)
deonttisemme (nominative plural)
deonttisemme (accusative nominative singular)
deonttisemme (accusative nominative plural)
deonttisemme (accusative genitive singular)
deonttisemme (accusative genitive plural)
deonttisemme (genitive singular)
deonttistemme (genitive plural)
deonttisiemme (genitive plural)
deonttistamme (partitive singular)
deonttisiamme (partitive plural)
deonttisessamme (inessive singular)
deonttisissamme (inessive plural)
deonttisestamme (elative singular)
deonttisistamme (elative plural)
deonttiseemme (illative singular)
deonttisiimme (illative plural)
deonttisellamme (adessive singular)
deonttisillamme (adessive plural)
deonttiseltamme (ablative singular)
deonttisiltamme (ablative plural)
deonttisellemme (allative singular)
deonttisillemme (allative plural)
deonttisenamme (essive singular)
deonttisinamme (essive plural)
deonttiseksemme (singular translative)
deonttisiksemme (plural translative)
deonttisettamme (abessive singular)
deonttisittamme (abessive plural)
deonttisinemme (comitative plural)
deonttisenne (nominative singular)
deonttisenne (nominative plural)
deonttisenne (accusative nominative singular)
deonttisenne (accusative nominative plural)
deonttisenne (accusative genitive singular)
deonttisenne (accusative genitive plural)
deonttisenne (genitive singular)
deonttistenne (genitive plural)
deonttisienne (genitive plural)
deonttistanne (partitive singular)
deonttisianne (partitive plural)
deonttisessanne (inessive singular)
deonttisissanne (inessive plural)
deonttisestanne (elative singular)
deonttisistanne (elative plural)
deonttiseenne (illative singular)
deonttisiinne (illative plural)
deonttisellanne (adessive singular)
deonttisillanne (adessive plural)
deonttiseltanne (ablative singular)
deonttisiltanne (ablative plural)
deonttisellenne (allative singular)
deonttisillenne (allative plural)
deonttisenanne (essive singular)
deonttisinanne (essive plural)
deonttiseksenne (singular translative)
deonttisiksenne (plural translative)
deonttisettanne (abessive singular)
deonttisittanne (abessive plural)
deonttisinenne (comitative plural)
deonttisensa (nominative singular)
deonttisensa (nominative plural)
deonttisensa (accusative nominative singular)
deonttisensa (accusative nominative plural)
deonttisensa (accusative genitive singular)
deonttisensa (accusative genitive plural)
deonttisensa (genitive singular)
deonttistensa (genitive plural)
deonttisiensa (genitive plural)
deonttistaan (partitive singular)
deonttistansa (partitive singular)
deonttisiaan (partitive plural)
deonttisiansa (partitive plural)
deonttisessaan (inessive singular)
deonttisessansa (inessive singular)
deonttisissaan (inessive plural)
deonttisissansa (inessive plural)
deonttisestaan (elative singular)
deonttisestansa (elative singular)
deonttisistaan (elative plural)
deonttisistansa (elative plural)
deonttiseensa (illative singular)
deonttisiinsa (illative plural)
deonttisellaan (adessive singular)
deonttisellansa (adessive singular)
deonttisillaan (adessive plural)
deonttisillansa (adessive plural)
deonttiseltaan (ablative singular)
deonttiseltansa (ablative singular)
deonttisiltaan (ablative plural)
deonttisiltansa (ablative plural)
deonttiselleen (allative singular)
deonttisellensa (allative singular)
deonttisilleen (allative plural)
deonttisillensa (allative plural)
deonttisenaan (essive singular)
deonttisenansa (essive singular)
deonttisinaan (essive plural)
deonttisinansa (essive plural)
deonttisekseen (singular translative)
deonttiseksensa (singular translative)
deonttisikseen (plural translative)
deonttisiksensa (plural translative)
deonttisettaan (abessive singular)
deonttisettansa (abessive singular)
deonttisittaan (abessive plural)
deonttisittansa (abessive plural)
deonttisineen (comitative plural)
deonttisinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English deontic). Adapted with the adjectival suffix + -inen.