fnord

A neologism from the Principia Discordia popularized in the Illuminatus! trilogy.

metasyntactic variable
metasyntactic variable

(programming) A metasyntactic variable, similar to foo and bar.


dialect

From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”); by surface analysis, dia- + -lect.

der

Home computers in the 1980s had many incompatible dialects of BASIC.

programming language
programming language

(computing, programming) A variant of a non-standardized programming language.


verb

From Middle English verbe, directly from Latin verbum (“word, verb”), reinforced by Old French verbe, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰo-. Doublet of verve and word.

You can invoke the Properties OLE verb in many ways. The easiest way is to move the mouse over the border of the control until it becomes only a four-way pointer and then right-click.

1995, Adam Denning, OLE Controls Inside Out, page 321:

The InfiniBand verbs, which are closely modeled in the “Gen2” interface, provide the functional specification for the operations that should be allowed on an InfiniBand compliant adapter.

2016, Ada Gavrilovska, Attaining High Performance Communications: A Vertical Approach:

(programming) A named command that performs a specific operation on an object.


definition

en-noun

definition (countable and uncountable, plural definitions)

From Middle English diffinicioun, from Middle French definition, from Latin dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō. Equivalent to define + -ition.

(programming) A statement which provides a previous declaration with a value or body of a subroutine (in the case of function).


lens

lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)

lenses (plural)
lens (obsolete plural)
lentes (plural rare)

→ Bengali: লেন্স (lenś)

→ Turkish: lens

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

semantic loan

(programming) A construct used in statically-typed functional programming languages to access nested data structures.


adverb

From French adverbe, from Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) + verbum (“word, verb”), so called because it is used to supplement other words. By surface analysis, ad- + verb.

(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.


free

en-adj

free (comparative freer or more free, superlative freest or most free)

freer (comparative)
more free (comparative)
freest (superlative)
most free (superlative)

From Middle English free, fre, freo, from Old English frēo (“free”), from Proto-West Germanic *frī, from Proto-Germanic *frijaz (“beloved, not in bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“pleased, loved”), from *preyH- (“to please, love”). Related to friend.
cognates, etc
Germanic cognates include West Frisian frij (“free”), Dutch vrij (“free”), Low German free (“free”), German frei (“free”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian fri (“free”).
Other cognates include Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá-, “beloved”).
Germanic and Celtic are the only Indo-European language branches in which the PIE word with the meaning of "dear, beloved" acquired the additional meaning of "free" in the sense of "not in bondage". This was an extension of the idea of "characteristic of those who are dear and beloved", in other words friends and tribe members (in contrast to unfree inhabitants from other tribes and prisoners of war, many of which were among the slaves – compare the Latin use of liberi to mean both "free persons" and "children of a family").
The verb comes from Middle English freen, freoȝen, from Old English frēon, frēoġan (“to free; make free”), from Proto-West Germanic *frijōn, from Proto-Germanic *frijōną, from Proto-Indo-European *preyH-, and is cognate with German freien, Dutch vrijen, Czech přát, Serbo-Croatian prijati, Polish sprzyjać.

inh

there ain't no such thing as a free lunch

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

(programming) Unconstrained of identifiers, not bound.


free

en-verb

free (third-person singular simple present frees, present participle freeing, simple past and past participle freed)

frees (present singular third-person)
freeing (participle present)
freed (participle past)
freed (past)

There is no way to access that original area of memory, nor is there any way to free it before the program ends.

2002, Jesse Liberty, SAMS Teach Yourself C++ in 24 Hours, page 148:

(transitive, programming) To relinquish (previously allocated memory) to the system.

vapauttaa

programming: to relinquish (previously allocated memory) to the system


inc

(programming) Abbreviation of increment.


offset

From off- + set, used to construct the noun form of the verb to set off. Compare Middle English ofsetten (“to encumber, harass, beset, besiege”), from Old English ofsettan (“to press, oppress, overwhelm, crush”).

cog

An array of bytes uses its index as the offset, of words a multiple thereof.

(programming) The difference between a target memory address and a base address.


offset

(programming) offset (byte difference between memory addresses)


accumulator

From Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”), accumulate + -or.

The contents of the memory location and accumulator are NOT altered, but the Negative, Zero and Carry flags are conditioned according to the result of the subtraction.

1986, Jules H. Gilder, Apple IIc and IIe Assembly Language, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 139:

The function signature has changed to include the additional parameter accumulator. This parameter, in a way, takes on the job of the return value.

2011, Oliver Sturm, Functional Programming in C#, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 122:

(programming) A register or variable used for holding the intermediate results of a computation or data transfer.

accumulator

computer science: register for holding intermediate results


zipper

→ Cebuano: siper

→ Esperanto: zipo

→ French: zipper

→ Japanese: ジッパー (jippā)

→ Korean: 지퍼 (jipeo)

→ Portuguese: zíper

→ Spanish: zíper

→ Tagalog: siper

1925, zip + -er. The trade name was registered in 1925 by B.F. Goodrich for “boots made of rubber and fabric,” claiming use of the name since June 1923. No longer a registered trademark.

(programming) A technique for arbitrarily traversing an aggregate data structure and updating its contents. See zipper (data structure).


index

en-noun

index (plural indexes or indices or (obsolete, in use in the 17th century) index's)

indexes (plural)
indices (plural)
index's (obsolete plural)

⇒ Chinese: 引得 (yǐndé)

→ Japanese: インデックス (indekkusu)

From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”); see indicate.

der

(computing, especially programming and databases) An integer or other key indicating the location of data, e.g. within an array, vector, database table, associative array, or hash table.

индекс

programming: key indicating location of data


Hungarian

/hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/

The Hungarian prefix used in this book for a GroupBox control is “grp”.

2009, Michael Ekedahl, Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic 2008:

(computing, programming) Of or relating to Hungarian notation.


new

en-verb

new (third-person singular simple present news, present participle newing, simple past and past participle newed)

news (present singular third-person)
newing (participle present)
newed (participle past)
newed (past)

From Middle English newe, from Old English nīewe, from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos (“new”), from *néwos.
cognates
Cognate with Scots new (“new”), West Frisian nij (“new”), Dutch nieuw (“new”), Low German nee (“new”), German neu (“new”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish ny (“new”), Icelandic nýr (“new”), Faroese nýggjur (“new”), Latin novus (“new”), Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”), Welsh newydd (“new”), Russian но́вый (nóvyj, “new”), Armenian նոր (nor, “new”), Persian نو (now, “new”),Northern Kurdish nû (“new”), Hindi नया (nayā, “new”), Tocharian B ñuwe (“new”).
Compare also Old English nū (“now”). More at now. Doublet of nuevo and novuss.


conditional

From French conditionnel, from Old French condicionel, equivalent to condition + -al.

if and while are conditionals in some programming languages.

(programming) An instruction that branches depending on the truth of a condition at that point.


symbol

From French symbole, from Latin symbolus, symbolum (“a sign, mark, token, symbol, in Late Latin also a creed”), from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

der

(programming) An internal identifier used by a debugger to relate parts of the compiled program to the corresponding names in the source code.


advice

en-noun

advice (countable and uncountable, plural advices)

From Middle English avys, from Old French avis, from the phrase ce m'est a vis ("in my view"), where vis is from Latin visus, past participle of videre (“to see”). See vision, and compare avise, advise. The unhistoric -d- was introduced in English 15c. Doublet of aviso.
Displaced native Old English rǣd.

(countable, programming) In aspect-oriented programming, the code whose execution is triggered when a join point is reached.


future

future (countable and uncountable, plural futures)

From Middle English future, futur, from Old French futur, from Latin futūrus, irregular future active participle of sum (“I am”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, be”). Cognate with Old English bēo (“I become, I will be, I am”). More at be. Displaced native Old English tōweard and Middle English afterhede (“future”, literally “afterhood”) in the given sense.

noncog

(computing, programming) An object that retrieves the value of a promise.


picture

Krio: pikchɔ

→ Welsh: pictiwr

/ˈpɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

From Middle English pycture, from Old French picture, itself from Latin pictūra (“the art of painting, a painting”), from pingō (“I paint”). Doublet of pictura.

der

The COBOL restriction for the currency symbol in a picture string to be replaced by a single character currency symbol is a compromise solution.

1997, John Barnes, Ada 95 Rationale: The Language - The Standard Libraries, page 390:

To recapitulate, the pictures we have considered so far are: X – any character A — alphabetic characters and the space character […]

1997, Roger Hutty, Mary Spence, Mastering COBOL Programming, page 20:

(programming) A format string in the COBOL programming language.


gold

From gold master, a copy of the code certified as being ready for release.

The Company confirmed that Half-Life 2, developed by Valve Software, has gone gold with a planned retail street date of November 16, 2004.

2004 November, “Half-Life 2 goes gold”, in HWM, page 10:

He felt bone-tired and twitchy, the way he did in the final stages of putting a video-game project together, almost ready to go gold and turn a new game loose on the public.

I had coded guilds into M59 over the weekend, shortly before we were supposed to go gold.

2011, Jessica Mulligan, Bridgette Patrovsky, quoting Damion Schubert, Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide, page 221:

(programming, of software) In a finished state, ready for manufacturing.


computer language

en-noun

computer language (plural computer languages)

(programming) A language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.


parent

en-verb

parent (third-person singular simple present parents, present participle parenting, simple past and past participle parented)

parents (present singular third-person)
parenting (participle present)
parented (participle past)
parented (past)

From Middle English parent, borrowed from Anglo-Norman parent, Middle French parent, from Latin parentem, accusative of parēns (“parent”), present participle of pariō (“I breed, bring forth”).

(programming) To provide a parent object for one or more other objects, which become the children.


i

Pronunciation of IPA [iː]

* (mathematics, imaginary number): abbreviation of imaginary
* (engineering, electric current): abbreviation of French intensité du courant first used by M. André-Marie Ampère
* (computer programming, generic index): abbreviation of index
* (linguistics): abbreviation of identity

(mathematics, programming) A common variable name representing a generic index, especially in loops.


expression

en-noun

expression (countable and uncountable, plural expressions)

Borrowed from Middle French expression, from Late Latin expressiō, expressiōnem (“a pressing out”).
Morphologically express + -ion.

der

(programming) A piece of code in a high-level language that returns a value.

uitdrukking

(computing) a piece of code in a high-level language that returns a value


fall

is-noun

fall n (genitive singular falls, nominative plural föll)

falls (genitive singular)
föll (nominative plural)
fall (indefinite nominative singular)
fallið (definite nominative singular)
föll (indefinite nominative plural)
föllin (definite nominative plural)
fall (accusative indefinite singular)
fallið (accusative definite singular)
föll (accusative indefinite plural)
föllin (accusative definite plural)
falli (dative indefinite singular)
fallinu (dative definite singular)
föllum (dative indefinite plural)
föllunum (dative definite plural)
falls (genitive indefinite singular)
fallsins (definite genitive singular)
falla (genitive indefinite plural)
fallanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse fall, from falla (“to fall”). The grammatical sense is a calque of Latin casus.

(computing, programming) function; (subprogram, usually with formal parameters, returning a data value when called)


for

(programming) for loop (a loop that uses a counter)


child

en-noun

child (plural children or (dialectal or archaic) childer)

children (plural)
childer (archaic dialectal plural)

adult

antonym(s) of “person below the age of adulthood”

parent

antonym(s) of “data item, process or object in a subordinate role”

From Middle English child, from Old English ċild, from Proto-West Germanic *kilþ, *kelþ, from Proto-Germanic *kelþaz (“womb; fetus”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelt- (“womb”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, amass”).
Cognate with Danish kuld (“brood, litter”), Swedish kull (“brood, litter”), Icelandic kelta, kjalta (“lap”), Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹 (kilþei, “womb”), Sanskrit जर्त (jarta), जर्तु (jártu, “vulva”).

der

[ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d]

[t͡ʃəɪ̯(ə)ɫd]

offspring and Thesaurus:son and Thesaurus:daughter

call someone everything but a child of God

it is a wise child that knows his own father

(mathematics, programming) A subordinate node of a tree.


case

→ Swedish: case n

From Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cadō (“to fall, to drop”).

Place a break statement at the end of every case to prevent case fall-through.

Execution does not automatically stop at the next case.

2011, Stephen Prata, C++ Primer Plus, page 275:

(programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.


semaphore

en-noun

semaphore (countable and uncountable, plural semaphores)

/ˈsɛm.əˌfɔː/

/ˈsɛm.əˌfɔɹ/

The noun is borrowed from French sémaphore, from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign, token”) + French -phore (from Ancient Greek -φόρος (-phóros, suffix indicating a bearer or carrier)). By surface analysis, sema- + -phore.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

The thread increments the semaphore to prevent other threads from entering the critical section at the same time.

Several synchronization techniques have been proposed and many of them have been adopted by parallel and distributed operating systems or parallel programming platforms. [...] Semaphores represent another synchronization technique that is mainly used by traditional stand-alone operating systems.

1996, P. Theodoropoulos, G. Manis, P. Tsanakas, G. Papakonstantinou, “Extending Synchronization PVM Mechanisms”, in Arndt Bode, Jack Dongarra, Thomas Ludwig, Vaidy Sunderam, editors, Parallel Virtual Machine – EuroPVM ’96: Third European PVM Conference, Munich, Germany, October 7–9, 1996: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 1156), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 315:

A semaphore makes sure that the different processes don't step on each other's toes when they access the shared memory segment. Before a process can use the segment, it needs to get control of the semaphore. When it's done with the segment, it releases the semaphore for another process to grab.

2003, David Sklar, Adam Trachtenberg, “Variables”, in Paula Ferguson, editor, PHP Cookbook, Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly & Associates, →ISBN, section 5.6 (Sharing Variables across Processes), page 124:

It is up to the programmer to ensure that if one thread updates multiple dependent memory locations (for example, writing a string, or updating a table) that another thread might read, some protection is put in place to ensure that the two threads don't update and read at the same time. [...] Several techniques are used by programmers to prevent this, including locks, semaphores, and mutexes.

2012, Timothy Mangan, “L1/L2/L3 Memory Cache”, in Windows System Performance through Caching: 15 Ways Caching Improves System Performance (Inside the OS Series), Canton, Mass.: TMurgent Technologies, →ISBN, page 22:

(programming) A bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes.

semafor

mechanism used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time


polyglot

/ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/

Book of Genesis
Complutensian Polyglot Bible
Targum Onkelos

PIE word
 *glōgʰs
Borrowed from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), alternative form of Ancient Greek πολῠ́γλωσσος (polŭ́glōssos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), from πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “a lot of, many”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + Attic Greek γλῶττα (glôtta), Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue; language”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰs (“tip of corn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns). The English word is analysable as poly- + -glot.
Noun sense 1 (“publication in several languages”) is probably derived from Late Latin polyglottus, from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos): see above.

der

πολῠ́γλωσσος

(programming) A program written to be valid in multiple programming languages.


car

Acronym of contents of the address part of register number. Note that it was based on original hardware and has no meaning today.

acronym

Holonym: cons

The elements of a list are the successive cars along the "cdr chain." That is, the elements are the car, the car of the cdr, the car of the cdr of the cdr, etc.

2000, Matt Kaufmann, Panagiotis Manolios, J Strother Moore, Computer-aided reasoning: an approach:

(programming) The first part of a cons in Lisp. The first element of a list.


jump

en-verb

jump (third-person singular simple present jumps, present participle jumping, simple past and past participle jumped)

jumps (present singular third-person)
jumping (participle present)
jumped (participle past)
jumped (past)
jump (infinitive)

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, jump”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Others have connected it to Ancient Greek ἀθεμβούσα (athemboúsa, “uninhibited”), which is unlikely. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch gumpen (“to jump”), Low German jumpen (“to jump”), Middle High German gumpen, gampen (“to jump, hop”) (dialectal German gampen, Alemannic German gumpe, Walser dialect kumpu), Old Norse goppa (“to jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

jump down

cause oneself to leave an elevated location and fall

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

When this section is completed, the code generally jumps back to the Exit Section, and the procedure is closed.

2008, Garry Robinson, Real World Microsoft Access Database Protection and Security:

(intransitive, programming) To start executing code from a different location, rather than following the program counter.


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

onomatopoeic

imitative

قَفْزَة

instance of propelling oneself into the air — see also leap

(programming) A change of the path of execution to a different location.


argument

en-noun

argument (countable and uncountable, plural arguments)

From Middle English argument, from Anglo-Norman and Old French arguement, from Latin argūmentum (“argument (for a position); evidence, proof; point, theme; thesis, topic; plot (in theatre)”), from arguere (“to argue, assert, declare; to make clear, prove, show; to accuse, charge with, reprove; to blame, censure; to denounce as false”) + -mentum (suffix indicating the instrument, medium, or result of something). Arguere is either ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“silver, white; glittering”), or from Hittite [script needed] (arkuwā(i)-, “to make a plea, state one’s case”). The English word is analysable as argue + -ment. Doublet of argumentum.
Displaced native Old English racu and ġeflit.

der

/ˈɑːɡjʊmənt/

/ˈɑɹɡjʊmənt/

argument

fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason

وَسِيط

variable that is being passed to a function

Parameters are like labelled fillable blanks used to define a function whereas arguments are passed to a function when calling it, filling in those blanks.

A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.

A parameter at a function call; an actual parameter, as opposed to a formal parameter.


argument

nl-noun

argument n (plural argumenten, diminutive argumentje n)

argumenten (plural)
argumentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: argument

From Middle Dutch argument, from Old French argument, from Latin argūmentum.

(programming) an argument (value or reference passed to a function)


argument

argumencik (diminutive)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenty (nominative plural)
argumentu (genitive singular)
argumentów (genitive plural)
argumentowi (dative singular)
argumentom (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumenty (accusative plural)
argumentem (instrumental singular)
argumentami (instrumental plural)
argumencie (locative singular)
argumentach (locative plural)
argumencie (singular vocative)
argumenty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum.

(philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument


argument

sh-noun

argùment m (Cyrillic spelling аргу̀мент)

argùment (canonical masculine)
аргу̀мент (Cyrillic)
argument (nominative singular)
argumenti (nominative plural)
argumenta (genitive singular)
argumenata (genitive plural)
argumentu (dative singular)
argumentima (dative plural)
argument (accusative singular)
argumente (accusative plural)
argumente (singular vocative)
argumenti (plural vocative)
argumentu (locative singular)
argumentima (locative plural)
argumentom (instrumental singular)
argumentima (instrumental plural)


argument

argument (indefinite nominative singular)
arguments (genitive indefinite singular)
argumentet (definite nominative singular)
argumentets (definite genitive singular)
argument (indefinite nominative plural)
arguments (genitive indefinite plural)
argumenten (definite nominative plural)
argumentens (definite genitive plural)

(programming) an argument; a variable passed to a function


idiom

idioms (plural)
idiomata (plural)
used uncountably (sometimes)

From Middle French idiome, and its source, Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “a peculiarity, property, a peculiar phraseology, idiom”), from ἰδιοῦσθαι (idioûsthai, “to make one's own, appropriate to oneself”), from ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private, personal, peculiar, separate”).

der

I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that? I can use the while True/break idiom: […]

2005, Magnus Lie Hetland, Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, →ISBN, page 100:

A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.

(programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.


ISP

interface segregation principle
interface segregation principle#English

(programming) Initialism of interface segregation principle. (one of the five SOLID principles of programming.)


safe

en-adj

safe (comparative safer or more safe, superlative safest or most safe)

safer (comparative)
more safe (comparative)
safest (superlative)
most safe (superlative)

→ Japanese: セーフ

From Middle English sauf, safe, saf, saaf, from Old French sauf, saulf, salf (“safe”), from Latin salvus (“whole, safe”), from Proto-Italic *salwos, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole, every”).
Displaced native Old English sicor (secure, sure).

der

(programming) Of a programming language, type-safe or more generally offering well-defined behavior despite programming errors.


dimension

en-verb

dimension (third-person singular simple present dimensions, present participle dimensioning, simple past and past participle dimensioned)

dimensions (present singular third-person)
dimensioning (participle present)
dimensioned (participle past)
dimensioned (past)

Dimension an array to hold only as much data as you intend to put into it.

2002, James D. Foxall, Wendy Haro-Chun, SAMS Teach Yourself C# in 24 Hours, page 268:

(transitive, programming) To specify the size of (an array or similar data structure); to allocate.


environment

From Middle French environnement, equivalent to environ + -ment. Compare French environnement.

(programming) The environment of a function at a point during the execution of a program is the set of identifiers in the function's scope and their bindings at that point.


bind

bind (third-person singular simple present binds, present participle binding, simple past bound or (nonstandard) binded, past participle bound or (nonstandard) binded or (archaic, rare) bounden or (obsolete) ybound or (obsolete) ybounden)

binds (present singular third-person)
binding (participle present)
bound (past)
binded (nonstandard past)
bound (participle past)
binded (nonstandard participle past)
bounden (archaic participle past rare)
ybound (obsolete participle past)
ybounden (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English binden, from Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną (compare West Frisian bine, Dutch binden, Low German binnen, German binden, Danish binde), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéndʰ-e-ti, from *bʰendʰ- (“to tie”).
Compare Welsh ben (“cart”), Latin offendīx (“knot, band”), Lithuanian beñdras (“partner”), Albanian bind (“to convince, to awe, to spell”), Ancient Greek πεῖσμα (peîsma, “cable, rope”), Persian بستن (bastan, “to bind”), Sanskrit बन्धति (bándhati). Doublet of bandana.

bindi

transitive, programming to process object modules into a program

We bind the variable n to the value 2, and xs to "abcd".

2008, Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Donald Bruce Stewart, Real World Haskell, page 33:

You can bind an identifier to an object of a derived type, as you did earlier when you bound a string to an identifier of type obj[…]

2009, Robert Pickering, Beginning F#, page 123:

(transitive, programming) To associate an identifier with a value; to associate a variable name, method name, etc. with the content of a storage location.

(transitive, programming) To process one or more object modules into an executable program.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

This concept can be extended further by allowing a primary overlay to call a secondary overlay, and so on. However, we will limit ourselves here to the use of primary overlays. Before proceeding further, you need to understand the memory map of the computer, which is a diagram showing the use to which the memory of the computer is put.

1986, Noel M. Morris, Computer Graphics and CAD Fundamentals: BBC Micro Version:

(programming) A block of program code that is loaded over something previously loaded, so as to replace the functionality.


eat

en-verb

eat (third-person singular simple present eats, present participle eating, simple past ate or (dialectal) et or (obsolete) eat, past participle eaten or (dialectal) etten)

eats (present singular third-person)
eating (participle present)
ate (past)
et (dialectal past)
eat (obsolete past)
eaten (participle past)
etten (dialectal participle past)
eat (infinitive)

From Middle English eten, from Old English etan (“to eat”), from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną (“to eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti, from *h₁ed- (“to eat”).

æde

used for animals and ill-mannered people

vreten

used for animals; vulgar when applied to people

தின்

used for animals, somewhat impolite when applied to people

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

sometimes you eat the bear and sometimes the bear eats you

the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet

the proof of the pudding is in the eating

A bigger problem, however, is that if you catch/eat an exception and do nothing with it, you are very likely introducing subtle bugs in your application that will be next to impossible to track down.

2005, Wallace B. McClure, Gregory A. Beamer, John J. Croft IV, Professional ADO.NET 2, page 246:

(transitive, programming, informal) To consume (an exception, an event, etc.) so that other parts of the program do not receive it.


pin

pin (third-person singular simple present pins, present participle pinning, simple past and past participle pinned)

pins (present singular third-person)
pinning (participle present)
pinned (participle past)
pinned (past)

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

When marshaling data, the interop marshaler can copy or pin the data being marshaled.

[…] you can use the GCHandle class mentioned earlier to pin a heap block until you explicitly unpin it.

2012, Ian Griffiths, Programming C# 5.0, page 244:

(programming, transitive) To fix (an array in memory, a security certificate, etc.) so that it cannot be modified.


volatile

en-adj

volatile (comparative more volatile, superlative most volatile)

more volatile (comparative)
most volatile (superlative)

[ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩]

From Middle French volatile, from Latin volātilis (“flying; swift; temporary; volatile”), from volō (“I fly”).

uder

This method stores a value into a non-volatile field called result, then stores true in the volatile field finished. The main thread waits for the field finished to be set to true, then reads the field result.

2010, Jon Jagger, Nigel Perry, Peter Sestoft, Annotated C# Standard, page 467:

(programming, of a variable etc.) Having its associated memory immediately updated with any changes in value.


volatile

[ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩]

Operations on C++ volatiles do put the compiler on notice that the object may be modified asynchronously, and hence are generally safer to use than ordinary variable accesses.

2011, Victor Pankratius, Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai, Walter Tichy, Fundamentals of Multicore Software Development, page 74:

(programming) A variable that is volatile, i.e. has its associated memory immediately updated with any change in value.


unwind

en-verb

unwind (third-person singular simple present unwinds, present participle unwinding, simple past and past participle unwound)

unwinds (present singular third-person)
unwinding (participle present)
unwound (participle past)
unwound (past)

From Middle English unwinden, from Old English unwindan (“to unwind; unwrap”), from Proto-Germanic *andawindaną (“to unwind”); equivalent to un- + wind (“to coil”). Cognate with Dutch ontwinden (“to unwind”).

inh

If the expression is a throw, we unwind the stack seeking a handler expression.

2006, Hans-Wolfgang Loidl, Trends in Functional Programming, volume 5, page 62:

(transitive, programming) To analyse (a call stack) so as to generate a stack trace etc.


hit

en-verb

hit (third-person singular simple present hits, present participle hitting, simple past hit or (dialectal, obsolete) hat or (rare, dialectal) het, past participle hit or (archaic, rare, dialectal) hitten)

hits (present singular third-person)
hitting (participle present)
hit (past)
hat (dialectal obsolete past)
het (dialectal past rare)
hit (participle past)
hitten (archaic dialectal participle past rare)

miss

antonym(s) of “manage to touch in the right place”

From Middle English hitten (“to hit, strike, make contact with”), from Old English hittan (“to meet with, come upon, fall in with”), from Old Norse hitta (“to strike, meet”), from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon, find”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall; fall upon; hit; cut; hew”).
Cognate with Icelandic hitta (“to meet”), Danish hitte (“to find”), Latin caedō (“to kill”), Albanian qit (“to hit, throw, pull out, release”).

cog

don't let the door hit you on the way out

let the door hit you where the good Lord split you

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

The external web servers hit DBSRV7, but the internal web server hits DBSRV3.

(transitive, computing, programming) To use; to connect to.


concern

en-noun

concern (countable and uncountable, plural concerns)

Borrowed from Middle French concerner, from Medieval Latin concernō, concernere (“I distinguish, have respect to”), from Latin concernō (“I mix, sift, or mingle together, as in a sieve”), combined form of con- + cernō (“distinguish”).

der

At the programming level, an aspect is a modular unit that implements a concern.

2006, Awais Rashid, Mehmet Aksit, Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development II, page 148:

(programming) Any set of information that affects the code of a computer program.


spaceship

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-spaceship.wav

* space + ship
* (programming operator): From its resemblance to the shape of a flying saucer.

If we reverse the positions of $a and $b, the spaceship will sort in the opposite order[…]

2012, Randal Schwartz, Brian Foy, Tom Phoenix, Intermediate Perl, page 142:

(programming) The operator <=> in certain programming languages, which compares two values and indicates whether the first is lesser than, greater than, or equal to the second.


shape

en-noun

shape (countable and uncountable, plural shapes)

From Middle English shap, schape, from Old English ġesceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”), from Proto-West Germanic *ga- + *skap, from Proto-Germanic *ga- + *skapą (“shape, nature, condition”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”).
The verb is from Middle English shapen, schapen, from Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”), from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to create”), from the noun.
The noun is cognate with Middle Dutch schap (“form”), Middle High German geschaf (“creature”), Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”). The verb is cognate with Dutch scheppen, German schaffen, Swedish skapa (“create, make”), Norwegian Bokmål skape (“create”). Doublet of -ship.

cog

(programming) In the Hack programming language, a group of data fields each of which has a name and a data type.


bridge

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

The plugin also acts as a bridge with BuddyPress and adds things like the top admin bar, and so on.

2011, Thord Daniel Hedengren, Smashing WordPress Themes: Making WordPress Beautiful:

(programming) A software component connecting two or more separate systems.


body

en-noun

body (countable and uncountable, plural bodies)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
From Middle English bodi, bodiȝ, from Old English bodiġ (“body, trunk, chest, torso, height, stature”), from Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”). Cognate with Old High German botah (whence Swabian Bottich (“body, torso”)).

der

body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

In many programming languages, the method body is enclosed in braces.

(programming) The code of a subroutine, contrasted to its signature and parameters.


spin

en-verb

spin (third-person singular simple present spins, present participle spinning, simple past spun or (uncommon) span or (nonstandard) spinned, past participle spun or (nonstandard) spinned)

spins (present singular third-person)
spinning (participle present)
spun (past)
span (past uncommon)
spinned (nonstandard past)
spun (participle past)
spinned (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

(computing, programming, intransitive) To wait in a loop until some condition becomes true.


string

en-noun

string (countable and uncountable, plural strings)

Tok Pisin: string

→ Dutch: string

→ Finnish: stringit

→ French: string

→ German: String

desc

מחרוז//מַחְרֹזֶת

→ Hebrew: מחרוז /מַחְרֹזֶת (makhrózet) (semantic loan)

→ Japanese: ストリング (sutoringu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: streng (semantic loan)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: streng (semantic loan)

→ Polish: stringi

→ Portuguese: estrém; string

→ Swedish: string

From Middle English string, streng, strynge, from Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand; to tighten”).
Cognate with Scots string (“string”), Dutch streng (“cord, strand”), Low German strenge (“strand, cord, rope”), German Strang (“strand, cord, rope”), Danish streng (“string”), Swedish sträng (“string, cord, wire”), Icelandic strengur (“string”), Latvian stringt (“to be tight, wither”), Latin stringō (“I tighten”), Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”), Ancient Greek στραγγός (strangós, “tied together, entangled, twisted”).

cog

στραγγαλόομαι

弦

any similar long, thin and flexible object

弓弦

ゆづる, yuzuru, ゆみづる, yumizuru, ゆんづる, yunzuru

(countable, programming) An ordered sequence of text characters stored consecutively in memory and capable of being processed as a single entity.


break

en-verb

break (third-person singular simple present breaks, present participle breaking, simple past broke or (archaic) brake, past participle broken or (nonstandard) broke)

breaks (present singular third-person)
breaking (participle present)
broke (past)
brake (archaic past)
broken (participle past)
broke (nonstandard participle past)
break (infinitive)

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

breek

intransitive: to separate into (to end up in) two or more pieces

thyen

transitive: to separate into (to cause to end up in) two or more pieces

sındırmaq

to cause a person to lose spirit or will

խախտել

transitive: to do that which is forbidden by (something)

փչանալ

intransitive: to stop functioning properly or altogether

ջարդել

transitive: to cause to stop functioning

burst

ergative: separate into two or more pieces

contravene

transitive: do that which is forbidden by

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs

(programming) To suspend the execution of a program during debugging so that the state of the program can be investigated.


narrow

en-verb

narrow (third-person singular simple present narrows, present participle narrowing, simple past and past participle narrowed)

narrows (present singular third-person)
narrowing (participle present)
narrowed (participle past)
narrowed (past)

From Middle English narwen (“to narrow”); see there for more details, but ultimately derived from the noun.

to narrow an int variable to a short variable

(transitive, programming) To convert to a data type that cannot hold as many distinct values.


float

From Middle English floten, from Old English flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian flotje (“to float”), West Frisian flotsje (“to float”), Dutch vlotten (“to float”), Middle Low German vloten, vlotten (“to float, swim”), German flötzen, flößen (“to float”), Swedish flotta (“to float”), Icelandic fljóta, Old English flēotan (“to float, swim”), Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō), Lithuanian plaukti, Russian пла́вать (plávatʹ). Compare flow, fleet.

That routine should not have used an int; it should be a float.

If you want to be a scientist or an engineer, learn to say “no” to singles and floats.

2011, Rubin H. Landau, A First Course in Scientific Computing, page 214:

floating-point number
floating-point number

(programming) A floating-point number, especially one that has lower precision than a double.


near

en-adj

near (comparative nearer, superlative nearest)

nearer (comparative)
nearest (superlative)

off

antonym(s) of “side of an animal or vehicle”

From Middle English nere, ner, from Old English nēar (“nearer”, comparative of nēah (“nigh”), the superlative would become next), influenced by Old Norse nær (“near”), both originating from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz (“nearer”), comparative of the adverb *nēhw (“near”), from the adjective *nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).
Cognate with Old Frisian niār (“nearer”), Dutch naar (“to, towards”), German näher (“nearer”), Danish nær (“near, close”), Norwegian nær (“near, close”) Swedish nära (“near, close”). See also nigh.
Near appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; compare Danish nær (“near, close”), Norwegian nær (“near, close”) Swedish nära (“near, close”), as opposed to nigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective, like Dutch na (“close, near”), German nah (“close, near, nearby”), Luxembourgish no (“nearby, near, close”). Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root: *nēhw (“near, close”).

cog

a near pointer

(programming, not comparable) Within the currently selected segment in a segmented memory architecture.


short

→ Cantonese: short

→ Italian: short

→ Japanese: ショート (shōto)

→ Mandarin: 秀逗 (xiùdou)

→ Hakka: 秀逗 (sió-tò)

→ Maltese: xort

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognates
shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

(programming) An integer variable having a smaller range than normal integers; usually two bytes long.


far

en-adj

far (comparative farther or further, superlative farthest or furthest or farthermost or furthermost)

farther (comparative)
further (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest (superlative)
farthermost (superlative)
furthermost (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English ferre, fer, Old English feor, feorr, from Proto-Germanic *ferrai.

if you go far enough left, you get your guns back

the apple does not fall far from the stem

the apple does not fall far from the tree

the apple does not fall far from the trunk

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

trust someone as far as one could throw them

far heap; far memory; far pointer

(programming, not comparable) Outside the currently selected segment in a segmented memory architecture.


sugar

en-noun

sugar (countable and uncountable, plural sugars)

Tok Pisin: suga

→ Abenaki: sogal

→ Cree: ᓲᑳᐤ (sookaaw)

→ Fijian: suka

→ Gilbertese: tioka

→ Inuktitut: ᓱᑲᒃ (sokak)

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: sukol (or from French)

→ Maori: huka

→ Marshallese: juga

→ Samoan: suka

→ Shona: shuga

→ Sotho: tswekere

→ Tlingit: shóogaa

→ Tongan: suka

→ Tsonga: chukela

→ Tswana: sukiri

→ Unami: shukël (or from Dutch)

→ Wallisian: suka

→ Zulu: ushukela

Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
sugar

From Middle English sugre, sucre, from Middle French sucre, from Old French çucre (circa 13th century), from Old Italian zucchero (or another vernacular of Italy), from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Middle Persian [script needed] (škl), 𐫢𐫞𐫡 (šqr /šakar/), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar", originally "grit, gravel”). Akin to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebble”). Doublet of jaggery and sucro-.

շաքար

generic term for sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc

a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down

a spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down

modified Sheather's sugar flotation method

However, this bookkeeping is much less local syntax and sugar.

2005, Bruce Ian Mills, Theoretical Introduction to Programming, page 180:


sugar

en-verb

sugar (third-person singular simple present sugars, present participle sugaring, simple past and past participle sugared)

sugars (present singular third-person)
sugaring (participle present)
sugared (participle past)
sugared (past)

You can sugar the syntax of constants thus: […]

2002, Jonathan Bromley, “Fixed point arithmetic”, in comp.arch.fpga (Usenet):

Sure, you could sugar the latter to look like the former (effectively implementing closures as objects), but it seems simpler to just allow the former.

2006, Neil Madden, “Re: Closures”, in comp.lang.tcl (Usenet):

(programming, transitive) To rewrite (source code) using syntactic sugar.


black hole

desc

→ Bengali: ব্ল্যাকহোল (blêkhol), ব্ল্যাক হোল (blêk hol)

→ Japanese: ブラックホール (burakku hōru)

→ Korean: 블랙홀 (beullaekhol)

en:Black Hole of Calcutta
en:Hong-Yee Chiu
en:John Archibald Wheeler
en:black hole (disambiguation)

In reference to celestial bodies, physicist Hong-Yee Chiu attributed the term to his colleague Robert H. Dicke, who stated around 1960–1961 that the objects were "like the Black Hole of Calcutta". The first known usage in print was by journalist Ann Ewing in 1964. Widespread popularization of the term is generally credited to a 1967 lecture by physicist John Wheeler.

(programming) A bit bucket; a place of permanent oblivion for data.


array

en-noun

array (countable and uncountable, plural arrays)

From Middle English arrayen, from Anglo-Norman arraier (compare Old French arraier, areer (“to put in order”)), from Medieval Latin arrēdō (“to put in order, arrange, array”), from *rēdum (“preparation, order”), from Frankish *raid or *raidā (“preparation, order”) or Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “ready, prepared”), from Proto-Germanic *raidaz, *raidiz (“ready”). Compare Old English rād (“condition, stipulation”), Old High German antreitī (“order, rank”). Doublet of ready.

cog

(programming) Any of various data structures designed to hold multiple elements of the same type; especially, a data structure that holds these elements in adjacent memory locations so that they may be retrieved using numeric indices.


array

(programming) array (any of various data structures)


live

en-adj

live (comparative more live, superlative most live)

more live (comparative)
most live (superlative)

An object in the heap is live if its address is held in a root, or there is a pointer to it held in another live heap node.

1996, Richard Jones, Rafael Lins, Garbage Collection, →ISBN, page 4:

Operational; in actual use rather than in testing etc.

(programming) Of an object or value: that may potentially be used in the future execution of a program.


lift

en-verb

lift (third-person singular simple present lifts, present participle lifting, simple past lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift, past participle lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift or (obsolete) yleft)

lifts (present singular third-person)
lifting (participle present)
lifted (past)
lift (obsolete past rare regional)
lifted (participle past)
lift (obsolete participle past rare regional)
yleft (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

Finally, we can lift a partial function into a regular (total) function that returns an Option or a Some(value) when the partial function is defined for the input argument or None when it isn't.

2021, Dean Wampler, chapter 2, in Programming Scala, 3rd edition, O'Reilly, →ISBN:

(category theory, transitive) Given morphisms f and g with the same target: To produce a morphism which the given morphism factors through (i.e. a morphism h such that f=g∘h; cf. lift n.18)

(programming) To transform (a function) into a corresponding function in a different context.

nostaa

programming: to transform into a different context


long

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).
Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), French long, Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), до́лго (dólgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).
The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song, throng, wrong), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

A long is typically 64 bits in a 32-bit environment.

(programming) A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long.


list

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”).
cognates
* Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”)
*Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”)
* German Low German Liest (“edging, border”)
* German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”)
* Swedish lista (“list”)
* Icelandic lista listi (“list”)
* Italian lista (“list; strip”)
* Portuguese lista (“list”)
* Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”)
* Galician lista (“band, strip; list”)
* Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

cog

Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linked list of arguments that accompany those functions. […] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of a list, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, the list is the only data structure for a Lisp program.

1985 March 10, Ed Acly, “A Tale of Three Languages: C, Ada & Lisp”, in Computerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XIX, number 12, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page ID/10, columns 1–2:

(computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.

llista

computing: codified representation of a list


evil

en-adj

evil (comparative eviller or eviler or more evil, superlative evillest or evilest or most evil)

eviller (comparative)
eviler (comparative)
more evil (comparative)
evillest (superlative)
evilest (superlative)
most evil (superlative)

From Middle English yvel, evel, ivel, uvel, from Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz (compare Saterland Frisian eeuwel, Dutch euvel, Low German övel, German übel, Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils, “bad, evil”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂up(h₁)élos, a deverbal derivative of *h₂wep(h₁)-, *h₂wop(h₁)- (“treat badly”). Compare Old Irish fel (“bad, evil”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸelos, and Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to mistreat, harass”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”). See -le for the supposed suffix.
Alternatively from *upélos (“evil”, literally “going over or beyond (acceptable limits)”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo, *h₃ewp- (“down, up, over”).

cog

Global variables are evil; storing processing context in object member variables allows those objects to be reused in a much more flexible way.

(computing, programming, slang) Undesirable; harmful; bad practice.


mask

Borrowed from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha, a borrowing of Proto-West Germanic *maskā from which English mesh is regularly inherited.
Replaced Old English grīma (“mask”), whence grime, and displaced non-native Middle English viser (“visor, mask”) borrowed from Old French viser, visier.
Compare also Hebrew מַסֵּכָה (masseiḥa).

maski

two-color bitmap used to create transparency in an image

(computing, programming) A pattern of bits used in bitwise operations; bitmask.


vapaa

+obj

[with illative of third infinitive ‘to do’ (with verbs)]

fi-adj

vapaa (comparative vapaampi, superlative vapain)

vapaampi (comparative)
vapain (superlative)
vapaa (nominative singular)
vapaat (nominative plural)
vapaa (accusative nominative singular)
vapaat (accusative nominative plural)
vapaan (accusative genitive singular)
vapaat (accusative genitive plural)
vapaan (genitive singular)
vapaiden (genitive plural)
vapaitten (genitive plural)
vapaata (partitive singular)
vapaita (partitive plural)
vapaassa (inessive singular)
vapaissa (inessive plural)
vapaasta (elative singular)
vapaista (elative plural)
vapaaseen (illative singular)
vapaisiin (illative plural)
vapaihin (illative plural rare)
vapaalla (adessive singular)
vapailla (adessive plural)
vapaalta (ablative singular)
vapailta (ablative plural)
vapaalle (allative singular)
vapaille (allative plural)
vapaana (essive singular)
vapaina (essive plural)
vapaaksi (singular translative)
vapaiksi (plural translative)
vapaatta (abessive singular)
vapaitta (abessive plural)
vapain (instructive plural)
vapaine (comitative plural)
vapaani (nominative singular)
vapaani (nominative plural)
vapaani (accusative nominative singular)
vapaani (accusative nominative plural)
vapaani (accusative genitive singular)
vapaani (accusative genitive plural)
vapaani (genitive singular)
vapaideni (genitive plural)
vapaitteni (genitive plural)
vapaatani (partitive singular)
vapaitani (partitive plural)
vapaassani (inessive singular)
vapaissani (inessive plural)
vapaastani (elative singular)
vapaistani (elative plural)
vapaaseeni (illative singular)
vapaisiini (illative plural)
vapaihini (illative plural rare)
vapaallani (adessive singular)
vapaillani (adessive plural)
vapaaltani (ablative singular)
vapailtani (ablative plural)
vapaalleni (allative singular)
vapailleni (allative plural)
vapaanani (essive singular)
vapainani (essive plural)
vapaakseni (singular translative)
vapaikseni (plural translative)
vapaattani (abessive singular)
vapaittani (abessive plural)
vapaineni (comitative plural)
vapaasi (nominative singular)
vapaasi (nominative plural)
vapaasi (accusative nominative singular)
vapaasi (accusative nominative plural)
vapaasi (accusative genitive singular)
vapaasi (accusative genitive plural)
vapaasi (genitive singular)
vapaidesi (genitive plural)
vapaittesi (genitive plural)
vapaatasi (partitive singular)
vapaitasi (partitive plural)
vapaassasi (inessive singular)
vapaissasi (inessive plural)
vapaastasi (elative singular)
vapaistasi (elative plural)
vapaaseesi (illative singular)
vapaisiisi (illative plural)
vapaihisi (illative plural rare)
vapaallasi (adessive singular)
vapaillasi (adessive plural)
vapaaltasi (ablative singular)
vapailtasi (ablative plural)
vapaallesi (allative singular)
vapaillesi (allative plural)
vapaanasi (essive singular)
vapainasi (essive plural)
vapaaksesi (singular translative)
vapaiksesi (plural translative)
vapaattasi (abessive singular)
vapaittasi (abessive plural)
vapainesi (comitative plural)
vapaamme (nominative singular)
vapaamme (nominative plural)
vapaamme (accusative nominative singular)
vapaamme (accusative nominative plural)
vapaamme (accusative genitive singular)
vapaamme (accusative genitive plural)
vapaamme (genitive singular)
vapaidemme (genitive plural)
vapaittemme (genitive plural)
vapaatamme (partitive singular)
vapaitamme (partitive plural)
vapaassamme (inessive singular)
vapaissamme (inessive plural)
vapaastamme (elative singular)
vapaistamme (elative plural)
vapaaseemme (illative singular)
vapaisiimme (illative plural)
vapaihimme (illative plural rare)
vapaallamme (adessive singular)
vapaillamme (adessive plural)
vapaaltamme (ablative singular)
vapailtamme (ablative plural)
vapaallemme (allative singular)
vapaillemme (allative plural)
vapaanamme (essive singular)
vapainamme (essive plural)
vapaaksemme (singular translative)
vapaiksemme (plural translative)
vapaattamme (abessive singular)
vapaittamme (abessive plural)
vapainemme (comitative plural)
vapaanne (nominative singular)
vapaanne (nominative plural)
vapaanne (accusative nominative singular)
vapaanne (accusative nominative plural)
vapaanne (accusative genitive singular)
vapaanne (accusative genitive plural)
vapaanne (genitive singular)
vapaidenne (genitive plural)
vapaittenne (genitive plural)
vapaatanne (partitive singular)
vapaitanne (partitive plural)
vapaassanne (inessive singular)
vapaissanne (inessive plural)
vapaastanne (elative singular)
vapaistanne (elative plural)
vapaaseenne (illative singular)
vapaisiinne (illative plural)
vapaihinne (illative plural rare)
vapaallanne (adessive singular)
vapaillanne (adessive plural)
vapaaltanne (ablative singular)
vapailtanne (ablative plural)
vapaallenne (allative singular)
vapaillenne (allative plural)
vapaananne (essive singular)
vapainanne (essive plural)
vapaaksenne (singular translative)
vapaiksenne (plural translative)
vapaattanne (abessive singular)
vapaittanne (abessive plural)
vapainenne (comitative plural)
vapaansa (nominative singular)
vapaansa (nominative plural)
vapaansa (accusative nominative singular)
vapaansa (accusative nominative plural)
vapaansa (accusative genitive singular)
vapaansa (accusative genitive plural)
vapaansa (genitive singular)
vapaidensa (genitive plural)
vapaittensa (genitive plural)
vapaataan (partitive singular)
vapaatansa (partitive singular)
vapaitaan (partitive plural)
vapaitansa (partitive plural)
vapaassaan (inessive singular)
vapaassansa (inessive singular)
vapaissaan (inessive plural)
vapaissansa (inessive plural)
vapaastaan (elative singular)
vapaastansa (elative singular)
vapaistaan (elative plural)
vapaistansa (elative plural)
vapaaseensa (illative singular)
vapaisiinsa (illative plural)
vapaihinsa (illative plural rare)
vapaallaan (adessive singular)
vapaallansa (adessive singular)
vapaillaan (adessive plural)
vapaillansa (adessive plural)
vapaaltaan (ablative singular)
vapaaltansa (ablative singular)
vapailtaan (ablative plural)
vapailtansa (ablative plural)
vapaalleen (allative singular)
vapaallensa (allative singular)
vapailleen (allative plural)
vapaillensa (allative plural)
vapaanaan (essive singular)
vapaanansa (essive singular)
vapainaan (essive plural)
vapainansa (essive plural)
vapaakseen (singular translative)
vapaaksensa (singular translative)
vapaikseen (plural translative)
vapaiksensa (plural translative)
vapaattaan (abessive singular)
vapaattansa (abessive singular)
vapaittaan (abessive plural)
vapaittansa (abessive plural)
vapaineen (comitative plural)
vapainensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *vapada, probably borrowed from early Proto-Slavic *svabadā (later *svoboda (“freedom”)).

(mathematics, programming) free, unconstrained


庫

→ Mongolian: хүү (xüü)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰaːs): semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla, “carriage”) – a carriage in a building.
According to Karlgren (1956), cognate with 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla, “carriage”) (< "storehouse for carriages").


context

en-noun

context (countable and uncountable, plural contexts)

(programming) The data (register contents, program counter value, etc.) needed to switch to another thread of execution.


kernel

→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)

From Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le. Cognate with Yiddish קערנדל (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).

der

(programming) The simplified input to an algorithm that has undergone kernelization.


view

model

antonym(s) of “part of computer program”

→ Japanese: ビュー (byū)

→ Korean: 뷰 (byu)

→ Persian: ویو (viyu)

From Middle English vewe, from Anglo-Norman vewe, from Old French veue f (French vue f), feminine past participle of veoir (“to see”) (French voir). Cognate with Italian vedere, as well as Portuguese and Spanish ver. Doublet of veduta and vista.

(computing, programming) The part of a computer program which is visible to the user and can be interacted with

view

computing: user interface part of program


kata

From Japanese 型 (literally “pattern, model”).
In English use since the 1950s.

These kata will give you the C# syntax for inheritance.

2020, Andrew Stellman, Jennifer Greene, Head First C#, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 728:

(by extension, programming) A short programming exercise to improve one's skills through practice and repetition.


magic

From Middle English magik, magyk, from Old French magique (noun and adjective), from Latin magicus (adjective), magica (noun use of feminine form of magicus), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós, “magical”), from μάγος (mágos, “magus”). Ultimately from Old Iranian, probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to be able to, to help; power, sorcerer”). Displaced native Old English ġealdor (survived in Middle English galder), and dwimmer.

The code is full of magic numbers and we can't figure out what they mean.

(programming) Being a literal number or string value with no meaning or context, not defined as a constant or variable


dummy

мор

bridge: the partner of the winning bidder, who shows his or her hand

If flag1 is false, the other parameters are dummies.

(programming) An unused parameter or value.


void

→ Welsh: foed

From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from Vulgar Latin *vocitum, ultimately from Latin vacuus.

In particular, the roll method is void — it has no return value.

2005, Craig Larman, Applying UML and patterns:

The return value can safely be ignored if it is a void function.

2007, Andrew Krause, Foundations of GTK+ Development:

(programming, of a function or method) That does not return a value; being a procedure rather than a function.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

lambda expression
lambda expression#English

(programming) Short for lambda expression.

(programming) Short for lambda function.


atom

→ Swahili: atomi

From Middle English attome, from Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). Atoms are so named because historically the notion was that they were indivisible, given that chemically they are indeed so; the splitting of atoms awaited a later era of science and technology, and nonchemical means.

atoom

historical: theoretical particle of matter

atom

mathematics: member of a Boolean algebra

बूलियन बिजगणितीय प्रणालीतील एक घटक

(computing, programming, Lisp) An individual number or symbol, as opposed to a list; a scalar value.


launder

en-verb

launder (third-person singular simple present launders, present participle laundering, simple past and past participle laundered)

launders (present singular third-person)
laundering (participle present)
laundered (participle past)
laundered (past)

Contracted from Middle English lavender, from Old French lavandiere, from Late Latin lavandena, from Latin lavō (“I wash”).

(programming, transitive) To obtain a pointer to an object created in storage occupied by an existing object of the same type, even if it has const or reference members.


lexicon

William Fulke
lexicon
lexicon (disambiguation)

Through Middle French or directly from New Latin lexicon, from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon, a dictionary”), ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).
Attested at least since 1583 (in William Fulke's A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue) in the sense 'a dictionary of a classical language'.

der

λεξικὸν βιβλίον

(programming) The lexicology of a programming language. (Usually called lexical structure.)


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”).

When you come across something that looks like a listcomp but is surrounded by parentheses, you're looking at a generator: […]

2016, Paul Barry, Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 508:

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(programming) A subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request.


generator

pl-noun

generator m inan (related adjective generatorowy)

generatorowy (adjective)
generator (nominative singular)
generatory (nominative plural)
generatora (genitive singular)
generatorów (genitive plural)
generatorowi (dative singular)
generatorom (dative plural)
generator (accusative singular)
generatory (accusative plural)
generatorem (instrumental singular)
generatorami (instrumental plural)
generatorze (locative singular)
generatorach (locative plural)
generatorze (singular vocative)
generatory (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English generator, French générateur, German Generator, ultimately from Latin generātor.

(programming) generator (subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request)


machine translation

en-noun

machine translation (countable and uncountable, plural machine translations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-machine translation.wav

(computing, programming) The production of instructions in a computer language that are equal in meaning to that in another language.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

We've added hooks to allow undefined message types to be handled with custom code.

In lieu of those unneeded hooks, write code to fail fast and prevent gaps from becoming a problem.

2015, Rachel Alt-Simmons, Agile by Design, page 182:

(programming) Part of a system's operation that can be intercepted to change or augment its behaviour.


attribute

From Latin attributus past participle of attribuere.

Properties can be marked as obsolete with an attribute, which will cause the compiler to generate a warning if they are used.

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003, Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward, C# in a Nutshell, page 536:

(programming) A semantic item with which a method or other code element may be decorated.


arrow

From Middle English arwe, from Old English earh (oblique form ēarw-), from Proto-West Germanic *arhu, from Proto-Germanic *arhwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Cognate with Faroese ørv (“arrow”), Icelandic ör (“arrow”), örvar (“arrows”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna, “dart”), Latin arcus (“bow”).

der

(programming) The -> symbol, which has specific meanings in various programming languages.


vector

Learned borrowing from Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from vehō (“I carry, I transport, I bear”), also ultimately the root of English vehicle.
The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.
The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

To create a vector of students in a class, you will want the vector to be large enough […]

2004, Jesse Liberty, Bradley L. Jones, Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days, page 694:

(programming) A kind of dynamically resizable array.


factory

Tok Pisin: faktori

Welsh: ffatri

From factor + y.
Compare Middle French factorie; Spanish factoría, Portuguese feitoria, Dutch factorij.

The task factory […] is the object that is responsible for creating instances of those tasks dynamically.

2010, Sayed Ibrahim Hashimi, William Bartholomew, Inside the Microsoft Build Engine:

(programming) In a computer program or library, a function, method, etc. which creates an object.

tehdas

in computing, a function or method that creates objects


needle

From Middle English nedle, from Old English nǣdl, from Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu, from Proto-Germanic *nēþlō, from pre-Germanic *neh₁-tleh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, twist”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch naald (“needle”), German Nadel (“needle, pin, crochet hook”), German nähen (“sew”), Danish nål (“needle”), Norwegian nål (“needle”), Finnish neula (“needle”). Further related with Welsh nyddu, Latin nēre, Sanskrit स्नायति (snāyati, “wraps up, winds”). Related to snood.

cog

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Both of these functions will look through the haystack for the specified needle and, if they find it, will return the portion of the string from the beginning of the needle to the end of the haystack.

2010, Peter MacIntyre, PHP: The Good Parts, page 39:

needle in a haystack
needle in a haystack

(programming) A text string that is searched for within another string. (see: needle in a haystack)


switch

→ Gulf Arabic: سويچ (swīč)

→ German: Switch

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”), first attested in c. 1592. The mechanical device for altering the direction of something sense is first attested in c. 1797, pertaining to pivoted rails on minecart railways, which were once wooden.

камута́тар

system allowing the interconnection of telephone lines

2004, Curt, “Can I use IF statements, and still use switches?”, in microsoft.public.word.mailmerge.fields (Usenet):

(computing, programming) A programming construct that takes different actions depending on the value of an expression.


switch

Unadapted borrowing from English switch.

(programming) switch (construct that takes different actions depending on the value of an expression)


publish

en-verb

publish (third-person singular simple present publishes, present participle publishing, simple past and past participle published)

publishes (present singular third-person)
publishing (participle present)
published (participle past)
published (past)
publish (infinitive)

private

From Middle English publicen (by analogy with banish, finish), from Old French publier, from Latin publicare (“to make public, show or tell to the people, make known, declare, also (and earlier) confiscate for public use”), from publicus (“pertaining to the people, public”); see public.

der

(programming) To make (information such as an event) available to components that wish to be notified (subscribers).


A stylized form of Latin et (“and”). Romans used such symbols (ligatures) from at least the first century C.E., but the character may not have acquired its present form until the advent of calligraphy in the Middle Ages. Compare ⁊ and +, of same meaning and similar derivation.

Ꜳꜳ Ææ ᴁᴭ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜵꜵ Åå Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ Ꜽꜽ ct ȸ Ǳǲǳ Ǆǅǆ ᴂᵆ ᴔ & ﬀ ﬁ ﬃ ﬂ ﬄ ℔ Ĳĳ Ǉǈǉ Ỻỻ Ŋŋ Ǌǋǌ Œœ ɶ Ꝏꝏ Ȣȣᴕ ȹ ẞß ﬅﬆ ᵫ Ůů Ww Ꝡꝡ

programming language
programming language#English

(programming) Used in some programming languages for different purposes.

1 & 0 = 0

Used to represent the binary operator and.


union

en-noun

union (countable and uncountable, plural unions)

→ Bengali: ইউনিয়ন (iuniẏon) (learned)

From Middle English unyoun, from Old French union, from Late Latin ūniō, ūniōnem (“oneness, unity”), from Latin ūnus (“one”). Doublet of unio.

der

Unions are useful in those cases where you need to keep track of a value that can be represented as different data types during the lifetime of the program.

2008, Kris Bell, Lars Ivar Igesund, Sean Kelly, Learn to Tango with D, page 58:

(countable, programming) A data structure that can store any of various types of item, but only one at a time.


wart

From Middle English warte, werte, from Old English wearte, from Proto-West Germanic *wartā, from Proto-Germanic *wartǭ. Cognate with Dutch wrat, German Warze, Hunsrik Waarz, Swedish vårta and Danish vorte.

Hungarian warts suck big time! If you need them, your functions are too big and your class interface is much too fat.

1998, Chris Ahlstrom, “Hungarian notation”, in microsoft.public.vc.language (Usenet):

Far easier to not use warts in the first place. Even if a wart is present, you still have to verify the variable's declaration anyway, if you're a diligent maintenance programmer.

2002, Linonut, “Computer Science”, in comp.os.linux.advocacy (Usenet):

(programming, slang, derogatory) Any of the prefixes used in Hungarian notation.


static

Modern Latin staticus, from Ancient Greek στατικός (statikós), from ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to make stand”). By surface analysis, stasis + -tic.

A further advantage of static type checking is of course computational efficiency, since run time checks are no longer necessary.

1980, R. Barbuti, A. Martelli, “Static Type Checking for Languages with Parametric Types and Polymorphic Procedures”, in Proceedings of the Fourth ‘Colloque Internationale sur la Programmation’:

A static variable is one whose storage remains allocated for the duration of the entire program. All global variables are static variables.

1998, Nell B. Dale, Chip Weems, Mark R. Headington, chapter 8, in Programming and Problem Solving with C++:

Despite the term, a static website doesn’t mean one that never changes. Static refers to the fact that the site’s assets—HTML files, graphics, and other downloadable content such as PDF files—are just static files sitting in an S3 bucket.

2019, Ben Piper, David Clinton, chapter 12, in AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Study Guide with Online Labs:

(programming) Computed, created, or allocated before the program starts running, as opposed to at runtime.

статичен

programming: computed, created or allocated before the program starts running


static

en-noun

static (countable and uncountable, plural statics)

Some compilers will allow statics to be inlined, but then incorrectly create multiple instances of the inlined variable at run-time.

2000, Dov Bulka, David Mayhew, Efficient C++: Performance Programming Techniques, page 149:

(countable, programming) A static variable.


borrow

borrow (countable and uncountable, plural borrows)

From Middle English borwen, borȝien, Old English borgian (“to borrow, lend, pledge surety for”), from Proto-West Germanic *borgōn, from Proto-Germanic *burgōną (“to pledge, take care of”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to take care”).
Cognate with Dutch borgen (“to borrow, trust”), German borgen (“to borrow, lend”), Danish borge (“to vouch”). Related to Old English beorgan (“to save, preserve”). More at bury.

cog

If we currently have any borrows of a value, we can't mutably borrow it into self, nor can we move it (because that would invalidate the existing borrows).

2018, Daniel Arbuckle, Rust Quick Start Guide:

(programming) In the Rust programming language, the situation where the ownership of a value is temporarily transferred to another region of code.


pole

pole (nominative singular)
pole (nominative plural)
pole (genitive singular)
polí (genitive plural)
poli (dative singular)
polím (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pole (accusative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pole (plural vocative)
poli (locative singular)
polích (locative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
poli (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech pole, from Proto-Slavic *poľe.


tie

en-verb

tie (third-person singular simple present ties, present participle tying, simple past and past participle tied)

ties (present singular third-person)
tying (participle present)
tied (participle past)
tied (past)

From Middle English teien, teiȝen, from Old English tīġan, tīeġan, from Proto-West Germanic *taugijan, from Proto-Germanic *taugijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to tug, draw”). Cognate with Icelandic teygja.

der

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

So, a class for tying a hash to an ISAM implementation might provide an extra method to traverse a set of keys sequentially (the “S” of ISAM), since your typical DBM implementation can't do that.

2000, Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, Jon Orwant, Programming Perl: 3rd Edition, page 814:

(programming, transitive) In the Perl programming language, to extend (a variable) so that standard operations performed upon it invoke custom functionality instead.


reference

en-noun

reference (countable and uncountable, plural references)

From Middle French référence, from Medieval Latin referentia, nominative neuter plural of referēns, present participle of referō (“return, reply”, literally “carry back”). Morphologically refer + -ence.

verwysing

academic writing: identification of a source

(programming, character entity) A special sequence used to represent complex characters in markup languages, such as ™ for the ™ symbol.

kromnomo

programming: special sequence used to represent complex characters


reference

en-verb

reference (third-person singular simple present references, present participle referencing, simple past and past participle referenced)

references (present singular third-person)
referencing (participle present)
referenced (participle past)
referenced (past)

The given pointer will reference the actual generated data.

(programming) To contain the value that is a memory address of some value stored in memory.

viitata

to contain the memory address of another value


shadow

shadow (third-person singular simple present shadows, present participle shadowing, simple past and past participle shadowed)

shadows (present singular third-person)
shadowing (participle present)
shadowed (participle past)
shadowed (past)

From Middle English schadowen, from Old English sċeadwian, from sċeadu (“shadow; shade”) + -ian (suffix forming verbs).

In this snippet, inside the for loop the a and b variables shadow variables from the outer scope, and while legal, this is almost certainly a programming error.

2012, Mark Summerfield, Programming in Go, Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 189:

(transitive, programming) To make (an identifier, usually a variable) inaccessible by declaring another of the same name within the scope of the first.

varjostaa

programming: to make an identifier inaccessible


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

(programming) language (computer language; a machine language)


code

en-noun

code (countable and uncountable, plural codes)

desctree

→ Hindi: कूट (kūṭ)
→ Sanskrit: कूट (kūṭa)

→ Japanese: コード (kōdo)

From Middle English code (“system of law”), from Old French code (“system of law”), from Latin cōdex, later form of caudex (“the stock or stem of a tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with wax, on which the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a writing.”). Doublet of codex.

Object-oriented C++ code is easier to understand for a human than C code.

I wrote some code to reformat text documents.

This HTML code may be placed on your web page.

(programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.


include

en-verb

include (third-person singular simple present includes, present participle including, simple past and past participle included)

includes (present singular third-person)
including (participle present)
included (participle past)
included (past)

From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).

der

You have to include the strings library to use this function.

(programming) To use a directive that allows the use of source code from another file.


include

In the previous lesson, you learned how to use server-side includes, which enable you to easily include snippets of web pages within other web pages.

2006, Laura Lemay, Rafe Colburn, Sams Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML and CSS in One Hour a Day:

(programming) A piece of source code or other content that is dynamically retrieved for inclusion in another item.


virtual

en-noun

virtual (countable and uncountable, plural virtuals)

/ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/

/ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/

/ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/

PIE word
 *wiHrós
The adjective is derived from Middle English vertual, virtual [and other forms], from Old French vertüal, vertüelle (modern French virtuel), or from their etymon Medieval Latin virtuālis (“of or pertaining to potency or power; having power to produce an effect, potent; morally virtuous”), from Latin virtūs (“goodness, virtue; manliness, virility”) (from vir (“adult male, man”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”), possibly from *weyh₁- (“to chase, hunt, pursue”)) + -tūs (suffix forming collective or abstract nouns)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship), modelled after virtuōsus (“good, virtuous”).
Sense 4 (“pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system’s constraints”) is borrowed from French virtuel, from Middle French virtuel, from Old French vertüal, vertüelle: see above.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* French virtuel
* Italian virtuale
* Spanish virtual

näennäinen

that which is imitated or simulated rather than existing in fact or reality; an instance of this

(countable, programming) A virtual (adjective sense 3.3) member function of a class.


flag

(programming) flag (true-or-false variable)


local

From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).
The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) + ring) in 1938. The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.

Functional programming languages usually don't allow changing the immediate value of locals once they've been initialized, unless they're explicitly marked as being mutable.

Globals are visible anywhere in your application, whereas locals are visible only in the function in which they're declared.

2012, Cesar Otero, Rob Larsen, Professional jQuery, page 25:

(programming) A locally scoped identifier.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

Suppose we have four objects, foo, bar, baz and quux.

metasyntactic variable
metasyntactic variable#English

(programming, derived from fubar) A metasyntactic variable representing an unspecified entity, often the second in a series, following foo.

ajn

programming: a second entity following foo


foo

Bill Holman (cartoonist)
Catch-22
Jack Speer
Joseph Heller
Pogo (comic strip)
Sanxing (deities)
Smokey Stover
Tech Model Railroad Club
The Daffy Doc
foo
fu character

From Chinese 福 (fú, “fortunate; prosperity, good luck”), via its use as 福星 (Fúxīng, “Jupiter”) in Chinese statues of the Three Lucky Stars, picked up from c. 1935 as a nonsense word in Bill Holman's Smokey Stover comic strip, whence it was picked up by Pogo, Looney Tunes, and others. Used by Jack Speer as the name of a mock god of mimeography in the 1930s.
Popularized in computing contexts by the Tech Model Railroad Club's 1959 Dictionary of the TMRC Language, which incorporated it into a parody of the Hindu chant om mani padme hum, possibly under the influence of WWII military slang FUBAR, which had been repopularized by Joseph Heller's Catch-22.

Suppose we have two objects, foo and bar.

(programming) A metasyntactic variable used to represent an unspecified entity. If part of a series of such entities, it is often the first in the series, and followed immediately by bar.


pretty

en-adj

pretty (comparative prettier, superlative prettiest)

prettier (comparative)
prettiest (superlative)

desc

→ Japanese: プリティー (puritī), プリティ (puriti), プリチー (purichī)

From Middle English prety, preti, praty, prati, from Old English prættiġ (“tricky, crafty, sly, cunning, wily, astute”), from Proto-West Germanic *prattug, from Proto-Germanic *prattugaz (“boastful, sly, slick, deceitful, tricky, cunning”), corresponding to prat (“trick”) + -y. Doublet of pratty.
Cognate with Dutch prettig (“nice, pleasant”), Low German prettig (“funny”), Icelandic prettugur (“deceitful, tricky”). For the semantic development, compare canny, clever, cute.

cog

(programming, of code) Matching commonly accepted principles of formatting and syntax, for the sake of readability.


form

en-noun

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

While it is quite amazing how much one can do with Visual Basic with the code attached to a single form, to take full advantage of VB you'll need to start using multiple forms and having the code on all the forms in your project interact.

1998, Gary Cornell, Visual Basic 6 from the ground up, page 426:

Throughout this chapter we will work with a form in a new project.

(computing, programming) A window or dialogue box.


double

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

The sine function returns a double.

(programming) A double-precision floating-point number.


guard

From Middle English garde, from early Middle French or late Old French guarde (“a guardian, warden, keeper”) (whence modern French garde), from the verb guarder. Doublet of garda, which is from Irish.

(programming) A Boolean expression that must evaluate to true for a branch of program execution to continue.


empty

en-adj

empty (comparative emptier, superlative emptiest)

emptier (comparative)
emptiest (superlative)

From Middle English emty, amty, from Old English ǣmtiġ, ǣmettiġ (“vacant, empty, free, idle, unmarried”, literally “without must or obligation, leisurely”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + Proto-Germanic *mōtijô, *mōtô (“must, obligation, need”), *mōtiþô (“ability, accommodation”), from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“measure; to acquire, possess, be in command”). Related to Old English ġeǣmtigian (“to empty”), ǣmetta (“leisure”), mōtan (“can, to be allowed”). More at mote, meet.
The interconsonantal excrescent p is a euphonic insertion dating from Middle English.

der

(computing, programming, mathematics) Containing no elements (as of a string, array, or set), opposed to being null (having no valid value).


recursion

en-noun

recursion (countable and uncountable, plural recursions)

/ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/

Borrowed from Latin recursiō (“the act of running back or again, return”), from recurrō (“run back; return”), from re- (“back, again”) + currō (“run”).

bor

This function uses recursion to compute factorials.

When an algorithm makes two recursive calls, we say that it uses binary recursion.

2011, Michael T. Goodrich, Roberto Tamassia, David M. Mount, Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 144:

(programming) The invocation of a procedure from within itself.

تَسَلْسُل

the invocation of a procedure from within itself


library

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाइब्रेरी f (lāibrerī)

Urdu: لائبریری f (lāibrerī)

→ Iban: librari

→ Japanese: ライブラリー (raiburarī)

→ Korean: 라이브러리 (raibeureori)

→ Yoruba: láíbìrì

/ˈlaɪˌbɹɛɹi/

From Middle English librarie, from Anglo-Norman librarie, from Old French librairie, from Latin librarium (“bookcase, chest for books”), from librarius (“concerning books”), from liber (“the inner bark of trees; paper, parchment, book”), probably derived from a Proto-Indo-European base *leub(ʰ)- (“to strip, to peel”). Displaced native Middle English bochous, bokhus (literally “book house”), from Old English bōchūs (compare bookhouse).
Romance cognates often mean “bookshop” instead: French librairie, Italian libreria, Spanish librería, Romanian librărie and Portuguese livraria. This is a relatively recent innovation (16th century in French), which ended up displacing the earlier sense.

ncog

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

Coordinate term: framework

A static library is much like any other library in that it contains a bunch of code for your application to use.

2014, John Paul Mueller, Jeff Cogswell, C++ All-in-One For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 307:

(programming) A collection of software routines that provide functionality to be incorporated into or used by a computer program.