battle

battles (plural)
batail (alternative)
battel (alternative)
battell (alternative)

From Middle English batel, batell, batelle, batayle, bataylle, borrowed from Old French bataille, from Late Latin battālia, variant of battuālia (“fighting and fencing exercises”) from Latin battuō (“to strike, hit, beat, fight”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from a Gaulish or Proto-Germanic root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to stab, dig”), related to Old English beado (“battle”); or possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of battalia and battel. Displaced native Old English ġefeoht, beado, camp, and wīg (“battle”), among others.

պայքար

struggle; a contest; as, the battle of life

Father Charles goes down and ends battle

no battle plan survives contact with the enemy

no battle plan survives first contact with the enemy

(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.

betejë

general action, fight, or encounter; a combat

Thenne kyng Arthur made redy his hooſt in x batails and Nero was redy in the felde afore the caſtel Tarabil with a grete hooſt / & he had x batails with many mo peple than Arthur had […]

[1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum x”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II (in Middle English), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 43, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 86, lines 28–31:

Then King Arthur made ready his host in 10 battles and Nero was ready in the field before the castle Tarabil with a great host / and he had 10 battles with many more people than Arthur had […]

They ſay, that the King diuided his Armie into three Battailes; whereof the Vant-guard onely well ſtrengthened with wings, came to fight.

1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 35:

Already Cæſar
Has ravaged more than half the Globe, and ſees
Mankind grown thin by his deſtructive Sword:
Should he go further, Numbers would be wanting
To form new Battels, and ſupport his Crimes.

1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:

No gentleman would appear in the field but on horſeback. To ſerve in any other manner he would have deemed derogatory to his rank. The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called The battle, and on it alone depended the fate of every action. The infantry, collected from the dregs and refuſe of the people, ill armed and worſe diſciplined; was of no account.

1769, William Robertson, “Section II. View of the Progress of Society in Europe, with Respect to the Command of the National Force Requisite in Foreign Operations.”, in The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. With a View of the Progress of Society in Europe, from the Subversion of the Roman Empire, to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century. In Three Volumes, volume I, London: Printed by W. and W. Strahan, for W[illiam] Strahan; T[homas] Cadell, […]; and J. Balfour, […], →OCLC, page 87:

Once I link up with Lord Bolton and the Freys, I will have more than twelve thousand men. I mean to divide them into three battles and start up the causeway a half-day apart.

2000 November, George R[aymond] R[ichard] Martin, A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire; book 3), New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; Bantam Spectra mass market edition, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Dell, March 2003, →ISBN, page 634:

(military, now rare) A division of an army; a battalion.

batalla

(obsolete) a division of an army; a battalion

Iohn Duke of Norfolke, Thomas Earle of Surrey,
Shall haue the leading of the Foot and Horſe.
They thus directed, we will fllow ^([sic])
In the maine Battell, whose puiſſance on either ſide
Shall be well-winged with our cheefeſt Horſe:
This, and Saint George to boote.

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], page 203:

hovering aloofe in the fields he suffered Wyat his Van and main Battell (cutting off some of the Reare) to march undisturbed save with one shot, from Knights-Bridge to Charing Chrosse.

1655, Thomas Fuller, The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII, Book VIII, Century XVI, Section I, §36

The artillery, under Waldmann, with whom Herter rode in company, was divided between the vanguard and the “battle,” or main body, which comprised the bulk of the army.

1868, John Foster Kirk, A History of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, volume 3, page 395:

(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.


approach

en-verb

approach (third-person singular simple present approaches, present participle approaching, simple past and past participle approached)

approaches (present singular third-person)
approaching (participle present)
approached (participle past)
approached (past)

From Middle English aprochen, borrowed from Old French aprochier (modern French approcher), from Late Latin appropiāre, a verb based on Latin prope (“near”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (a variant of *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-kʷe (“suffix forming distributives from interrogatives”)).

(transitive, military) To take approaches to (a place); to move towards (a place) by using covered roads, trenches, or other works.

обръ́щам се

(military) to take approaches to (a place); to move towards (a place) by digging trenches


اردو

ur-noun

اُرْدُو • (urdū) f (Hindi spelling उर्दू)

اُرْدُو (canonical)
urdū (romanization)
उर्दू (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اردو (urdū), from Turkic.


suu

suu (nominative singular)
suut (nominative plural)
suu (accusative nominative singular)
suut (accusative nominative plural)
suun (accusative genitive singular)
suut (accusative genitive plural)
suun (genitive singular)
suiden (genitive plural)
suitten (genitive plural)
suuta (partitive singular)
suita (partitive plural)
suussa (inessive singular)
suissa (inessive plural)
suusta (elative singular)
suista (elative plural)
suuhun (illative singular)
suihin (illative plural)
suulla (adessive singular)
suilla (adessive plural)
suulta (ablative singular)
suilta (ablative plural)
suulle (allative singular)
suille (allative plural)
suuna (essive singular)
suina (essive plural)
suuksi (singular translative)
suiksi (plural translative)
suutta (abessive singular)
suitta (abessive plural)
suin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
suuni (nominative singular)
suuni (nominative plural)
suuni (accusative nominative singular)
suuni (accusative nominative plural)
suuni (accusative genitive singular)
suuni (accusative genitive plural)
suuni (genitive singular)
suideni (genitive plural)
suitteni (genitive plural)
suutani (partitive singular)
suitani (partitive plural)
suussani (inessive singular)
suissani (inessive plural)
suustani (elative singular)
suistani (elative plural)
suuhuni (illative singular)
suihini (illative plural)
suullani (adessive singular)
suillani (adessive plural)
suultani (ablative singular)
suiltani (ablative plural)
suulleni (allative singular)
suilleni (allative plural)
suunani (essive singular)
suinani (essive plural)
suukseni (singular translative)
suikseni (plural translative)
suuttani (abessive singular)
suittani (abessive plural)
suineni (comitative plural)
suusi (nominative singular)
suusi (nominative plural)
suusi (accusative nominative singular)
suusi (accusative nominative plural)
suusi (accusative genitive singular)
suusi (accusative genitive plural)
suusi (genitive singular)
suidesi (genitive plural)
suittesi (genitive plural)
suutasi (partitive singular)
suitasi (partitive plural)
suussasi (inessive singular)
suissasi (inessive plural)
suustasi (elative singular)
suistasi (elative plural)
suuhusi (illative singular)
suihisi (illative plural)
suullasi (adessive singular)
suillasi (adessive plural)
suultasi (ablative singular)
suiltasi (ablative plural)
suullesi (allative singular)
suillesi (allative plural)
suunasi (essive singular)
suinasi (essive plural)
suuksesi (singular translative)
suiksesi (plural translative)
suuttasi (abessive singular)
suittasi (abessive plural)
suinesi (comitative plural)
suumme (nominative singular)
suumme (nominative plural)
suumme (accusative nominative singular)
suumme (accusative nominative plural)
suumme (accusative genitive singular)
suumme (accusative genitive plural)
suumme (genitive singular)
suidemme (genitive plural)
suittemme (genitive plural)
suutamme (partitive singular)
suitamme (partitive plural)
suussamme (inessive singular)
suissamme (inessive plural)
suustamme (elative singular)
suistamme (elative plural)
suuhumme (illative singular)
suihimme (illative plural)
suullamme (adessive singular)
suillamme (adessive plural)
suultamme (ablative singular)
suiltamme (ablative plural)
suullemme (allative singular)
suillemme (allative plural)
suunamme (essive singular)
suinamme (essive plural)
suuksemme (singular translative)
suiksemme (plural translative)
suuttamme (abessive singular)
suittamme (abessive plural)
suinemme (comitative plural)
suunne (nominative singular)
suunne (nominative plural)
suunne (accusative nominative singular)
suunne (accusative nominative plural)
suunne (accusative genitive singular)
suunne (accusative genitive plural)
suunne (genitive singular)
suidenne (genitive plural)
suittenne (genitive plural)
suutanne (partitive singular)
suitanne (partitive plural)
suussanne (inessive singular)
suissanne (inessive plural)
suustanne (elative singular)
suistanne (elative plural)
suuhunne (illative singular)
suihinne (illative plural)
suullanne (adessive singular)
suillanne (adessive plural)
suultanne (ablative singular)
suiltanne (ablative plural)
suullenne (allative singular)
suillenne (allative plural)
suunanne (essive singular)
suinanne (essive plural)
suuksenne (singular translative)
suiksenne (plural translative)
suuttanne (abessive singular)
suittanne (abessive plural)
suinenne (comitative plural)
suunsa (nominative singular)
suunsa (nominative plural)
suunsa (accusative nominative singular)
suunsa (accusative nominative plural)
suunsa (accusative genitive singular)
suunsa (accusative genitive plural)
suunsa (genitive singular)
suidensa (genitive plural)
suittensa (genitive plural)
suutaan (partitive singular)
suutansa (partitive singular)
suitaan (partitive plural)
suitansa (partitive plural)
suussaan (inessive singular)
suussansa (inessive singular)
suissaan (inessive plural)
suissansa (inessive plural)
suustaan (elative singular)
suustansa (elative singular)
suistaan (elative plural)
suistansa (elative plural)
suuhunsa (illative singular)
suihinsa (illative plural)
suullaan (adessive singular)
suullansa (adessive singular)
suillaan (adessive plural)
suillansa (adessive plural)
suultaan (ablative singular)
suultansa (ablative singular)
suiltaan (ablative plural)
suiltansa (ablative plural)
suulleen (allative singular)
suullensa (allative singular)
suilleen (allative plural)
suillensa (allative plural)
suunaan (essive singular)
suunansa (essive singular)
suinaan (essive plural)
suinansa (essive plural)
suukseen (singular translative)
suuksensa (singular translative)
suikseen (plural translative)
suiksensa (plural translative)
suuttaan (abessive singular)
suuttansa (abessive singular)
suittaan (abessive plural)
suittansa (abessive plural)
suineen (comitative plural)
suinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *suu, from Proto-Uralic *śuwe. Cognates include Estonian suu and Hungarian száj.


porno

porno (singular and plural porno, comparative mer porno, superlative mest porno)

porno (plural singular)
mer porno (comparative)
mest porno (superlative)


ward

en-noun

ward (countable and uncountable, plural wards)

→ Swahili: wodi

From Middle English ward, warde, from Old English weard (“watching, ward, protection, guardianship; advance post; waiting for, lurking, ambuscade”), from Proto-West Germanic *wardu, from Proto-Germanic *wardō (“protection, attention, keeping”), an extension of the stem *wara- (“attentive”) (English wary, beware), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”).
Cognate with German Warte (“watchtower”), warten (“wait for”); English guard is a parallel form which came via Old French.

inh

Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay, and thus I bore my point.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

(fencing) A guarding or defensive motion or position.


corn

en-noun

corn (usually uncountable, plural corns)

Kashubian: kòrné (Canada)

Tok Pisin: kon

→ Maori: kānga

Inherited from Middle English corn, from Old English corn, from Proto-West Germanic *korn, from Proto-Germanic *kurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain; worn-down”), from *ǵerh₂- (“grow old, mature”). Cognate with Dutch koren, German Low German Koorn, German Korn, Danish korn, Norwegian Bokmål korn, Norwegian Nynorsk korn and Swedish korn; see also Albanian grurë, Russian зерно́ (zernó), Czech zrno, Latin grānum and Lithuanian žirnis. Doublet of grain, gram, granum, and grao.
The sense maize (Zea mays) is an ellipsis of Indian corn that developped in 18th century North America.

doublet

what does that have to do with the price of corn

R.I.P Scumpy ah you did say Popcaan
And if a boy diss we clap corn.

2014 June 9, Andrae Hugh Sutherland respectively Popcaan of Popcaan, “Where We Come From” (track 13), in Where We Come From:

We got spinners and dotties
We got .40s and MACs
We got nuff live corn
[…] See the four-door pausing
Skengs out, everyone runnin
But the corn just slapped and floored em
50 shots in that mop

2016 September 9, Liquez respectively Dimzy of 67, “Jump Out Gang” (track 7), in Let’s Lurk:

(Jamaica, MLE, slang, firearms, uncountable) Bullets, ammunition, charge and discharge of firearms.


arqueiro

pt-noun

arqueiro m (plural arqueiros, feminine arqueira, feminine plural arqueiras)

arqueiros (plural)
arqueira (feminine)
arqueiras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese arqueiro, from Vulgar Latin *arcārius, alteration of arcuārius (“of bows”), from Latin arcus (“bow”). By surface analysis, arco + -eiro.

(military) archer; bowman (soldier armed with a bow)

(archery) archer (person who practices the sport of archery)


τόξο

tóxo (romanization)
τόξα (plural)
τόξο (nominative singular)
τόξα (nominative plural)
τόξου (genitive singular)
τόξων (genitive plural)
τόξο (accusative singular)
τόξα (accusative plural)
τόξο (singular vocative)
τόξα (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τόξον (tóxon, “bow”).


shotgun

en-noun

shotgun (countable and uncountable, plural shotguns)

shotguns (plural)
shot-gun (alternative)

desc

Japanese: → 散弾銃 (sandanjū) (calque), → ショットガン (shottogan)

→ Tok Pisin: sot gan

From shot + gun. Front passenger seat sense comes from ride shotgun.

Meat was cooked up within hours after the hunter killed the deer with his shotgun.

You can't talk to a man / With a shotgun in his hand

1971, Carole King, Gerry Goffin, “Smackwater Jack”, in Tapestry, Ode Records:

An unusual custom is followed at Llangennith, when shotguns are fired at a wedding - to scare off evil spirits from the newlyweds.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 258:

(firearms) A gun which fires loads typically consisting of small metal balls, called shot, from a cartridge.


arco

Fala: arcu, alcu

Galician: arco

Portuguese: arco

→ Indonesian: arku

Inherited from Latin arcus, from Proto-Italic *arkuos.


bogie

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bogie.wav

(aviation, military, slang) An unidentified aircraft, especially as observed as a spot on a radar screen and suspected to be hostile.


bogey

bogeys (plural)
bogie (alternative)
bogy (alternative)

Probably related to or alteration of bogle, akin to or from a variant of Middle English bugge (“frightening specter, scarecrow”) (whence bug), itself of uncertain origin: perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”); compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat”, older “fear”), Irish bagairt (“threat”), but perhaps the root was borrowed from Germanic. Otherwise from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”); compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge and Alemannic German Böögg (“goblin”, “snot”).
See also Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), Old English pūca (“goblin, mischievous spirit”), Icelandic púki Swedish puke (“small devil, spook”), whence obsolete English puck. Perhaps the Middle English and Welsh words come from a word related to buck and originally referred to a goat-shaped specter. Compare also booger.
The golf sense is from the devil as an imaginary player.

cog

He stood on the sand near the gravel road that passed within two miles of the site of the disintegrated bogey, binoculars hanging on a leather strap from his neck, face streaming with sweat under the brim of his hat... Army and government trucks passed along the road every few minutes, some bearing radiation stickers; many of those outward bound, he knew, carried fragments of the bogey. He was not privy to what they were finding.

1987, Greg Bear, “Lacrimosa Dies Illa!”, in The Forge of God (science fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 83:

United States Department of Defense Air Land Sea Application Center

(military, aviation) An unidentified aircraft, especially as observed as a spot on a radar screen and suspected to be hostile.

God dammit, Mustang! This is Ghost Rider 117. This bogey is all over me. He's got missile lock on me. Do I have permission to fire?

1986, Jim Cash, Jack Epps Jr., Top Gun (motion picture), spoken by Cougar:

(military, aviation, slang) Synonym of bandit: an enemy aircraft.


sprog

en-noun

sprog (countable and uncountable, plural sprogs)

1940s, originally service slang. Perhaps from obsolete sprag (“lively young man”), of unknown origin.

(UK, military, RAF, slang, derogatory) A new recruit.


yuck

Amy tells us that her husband, Jim Nelson, is deployed to Afghanistan […] as a nuclear operations officer — a result of graduating from the Naval Postgraduate School in December 2007 with a master's in Applied Physics. I guess I should have been looking for Jim to partner up with for physics help as a Yuck!

2008, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, Assembly (volume 67, issues 1-4, page 126)

(US, military, slang) Synonym of yearling (“a sophomore at West Point military academy”).


secundus

la-adj

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective

secunda (feminine)
secundum (neuter)
secundior (comparative)
secundissimus (superlative)
secundus (masculine nominative singular)
secunda (feminine nominative singular)
secundum (neuter nominative singular)
secundī (masculine nominative plural)
secundae (feminine nominative plural)
secunda (neuter nominative plural)
secundī (genitive masculine singular)
secundae (feminine genitive singular)
secundī (genitive neuter singular)
secundōrum (genitive masculine plural)
secundārum (feminine genitive plural)
secundōrum (genitive neuter plural)
secundō (dative masculine singular)
secundae (dative feminine singular)
secundō (dative neuter singular)
secundīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
secundum (accusative masculine singular)
secundam (accusative feminine singular)
secundum (accusative neuter singular)
secundōs (accusative masculine plural)
secundās (accusative feminine plural)
secunda (accusative neuter plural)
secundō (ablative masculine singular)
secundā (ablative feminine singular)
secundō (ablative neuter singular)
secundīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
secunde (masculine singular vocative)
secunda (feminine singular vocative)
secundum (neuter singular vocative)
secundī (masculine plural vocative)
secundae (feminine plural vocative)
secunda (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: segon, segó

English: second (borrowed)

French: second, son

Italian: secondo

Portuguese: segundo

Romanian: secund

Scots: seicont

Sicilian: sicunnu

Spanish: según, segundo

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) + -undus. The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.

inh

Errare, si qui in bello omnes secundos rerum proventus exspectent

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.29

If whoever expects every events in the war to be favorable, erred

(military) fortunate, lucky, victorious, successful (of battle--secundis proeliis)


office

Tok Pisin: opis

→ Belarusian: о́фіс (ófis)

→ Bulgarian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Cebuano: opis

→ Chichewa: ofesi

→ Central Dusun: upis

→ Iban: opis

→ Japanese: オフィス

→ Marshallese: wōpij

→ Malay: opis

→ Russian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oifis

→ Swahili: afisi

→ Tausug: upis

→ Ukrainian: о́фіс (ófis)

Microsoft Office
office (disambiguation)

From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.

zyrë

room(s) or building used for non-manual work

I withdraw into ‘the office’, otherwise the observer's cockpit.

1917, Alan Bott, An Airman's Outings, page 161:

In the slang of the Royal Air Force man, the cockpit of his plane is the ‘pulpit’ or ‘office’, the glass covering over it the ‘greenhouse’.

‘Up in the office they too knew it.’ ‘The office? You mean the flight deck?’ ‘Just that. No more. No less. The office.’

(UK military slang, dated) A plane's cockpit, particularly an observer's cockpit.


manus

la-noun

manus f (genitive manūs); fourth declension

manūs (genitive)
manus (nominative singular)
manūs (nominative plural)
manūs (genitive singular)
manuum (genitive plural)
manuī (dative singular)
manibus (dative plural)
manum (accusative singular)
manūs (accusative plural)
manū (ablative singular)
manibus (ablative plural)
manus (singular vocative)
manūs (plural vocative)

q

via an assumed proto-form <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">*mana</i>

Balkan Romance: (via an assumed proto-form *mana)

Aromanian: mãnã

Istro-Romanian: măre

Megleno-Romanian: mǫnă

Romanian: mână

Dalmatian:

mun

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: manu

Gallurese: manu

Sassarese: manu

Italian: mano

Neapolitan: mana

Tarantino: mane, màne

Sicilian: manu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: manu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: man

Piedmontese: man

Romagnol: mân

Friulian: man

Istriot: man

Ladin: man

Romansch: maun

Venetan: man

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: man

Catalan: mà

Franco-Provençal: man

Old French: main (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: man
Occitan: man

Ibero-Romance:

Old Navarro-Aragonese: mano

Aragonese: man

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: mano

Extremaduran: manu

Mirandese: mano

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: mão
Fala: man
Galician: man, mao
Portuguese: mão (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mano

Spanish: mano (see there for further descendants)

Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)

*mania

*manizāre

Borrowings:

→ English: manus

→ Esperanto: mano

→ Ido: manuo

→ Interlingua: mano

From Proto-Italic *manus, further etymology is disputed. Possible cognates include Proto-Germanic *mundō (> Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector”), whence modern English mound), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”) (a hapax legomenon of dubious authenticity) and Hittite [script needed] (manii̯aḫḫ-ⁱ, “to distribute, entrust”).
Proposals for further etymology include:
* a Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-r̥ ~ *mh₂-én-, from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, signal”), favoured by Mallory and D. Q. Adams
* a Proto-Indo-European *mon-u-, with a later change from mo- to ma- in an open syllable, possibly connected to Old Irish muin (“protection”) too, favoured by Schrijver and de Vaan (although de Vaan finds the Irish term semantically difficult).

cog

(military, nautical) grappling hooks used to snare enemy vessels


Jim Crow

/ˌdʒɪm ˈkɹoʊ/

From the minstrel show song Jump Jim Crow, written in 1828 by Thomas D. Rice, the originator of blackface performance.

… flying cannon equipped Spitfires V’s mainly on ‘Jim Crow’ operations (operational Patrols along the home coastline intercepting any hostile aircraft and looking out for any invasion forces).

2008, Simon Muggleton, The Battle of Britain Monument in London:

(military, historical) A World War II code name for patrols along the British coastline to intercept enemy aircraft, originally intended to warn of invasion in 1940.


tenere

it-verb

tenére (first-person singular present tèngo, first-person singular past historic ténni or tènni, past participle tenùto, first-person singular future terrò, auxiliary avére)

tenére (canonical)
tèngo (first-person present singular)
ténni (first-person historic past singular)
tènni (first-person historic past singular)
tenùto (participle past)
terrò (first-person future singular)
avére (auxiliary)
tenére (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
tenèndo (gerund)
tenènte (participle present)
tenùto (participle past)
tèngo (first-person indicative present singular)
tièni (indicative present second-person singular)
tiéni (indicative present second-person singular)
tiène (indicative present singular third-person)
tiéne (indicative present singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
tenéte (indicative plural present second-person)
tèngono (indicative plural present third-person)
tenévo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tenévi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tenéva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tenevàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tenevàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tenévano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ténni (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tènni (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tenésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
ténne (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tènne (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tenémmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
tenéste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
ténnero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
tènnero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
terrò (first-person future indicative singular)
terrài (future indicative second-person singular)
terrà (future indicative singular third-person)
terrémo (first-person future indicative plural)
terréte (future indicative plural second-person)
terrànno (future indicative plural third-person)
terrèi (conditional first-person singular)
terrésti (conditional second-person singular)
terrèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
terrébbe (conditional singular third-person)
terrémmo (conditional first-person plural)
terréste (conditional plural second-person)
terrèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
terrébbero (conditional plural third-person)
tènga (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tènga (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tènga (present singular subjunctive third-person)
teniàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
teniàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tèngano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tenéssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tenéssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tenésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tenéssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tenéste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tenéssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tièni (imperative second-person singular)
tiéni (imperative second-person singular)
tènga (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person imperative plural)
tenéte (imperative plural second-person)
tèngano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tenére (imperative negative second-person singular)
tènga (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
tenéte (imperative negative plural second-person)
tèngano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tenére (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
tenèndo (gerund)
tenènte (participle present)
tenùto (participle past)
tèngo (first-person indicative present singular)
tègno (archaic first-person indicative present singular)
tièni (indicative present second-person singular)
tiène (indicative present singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
tegnàmo (archaic first-person indicative plural present)
tenéte (indicative plural present second-person)
tèngono (indicative plural present third-person)
tègnono (archaic indicative plural present third-person)
tenévo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tenévi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tenéva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tenevàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tenevàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tenévano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ténni (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tenéi (archaic first-person historic indicative past singular)
tenétti (archaic first-person historic indicative past singular)
tenètti (Traditional archaic first-person historic indicative past singular)
tenésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
ténne (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tené (archaic historic indicative past singular third-person)
tenétte (archaic historic indicative past singular third-person)
tenètte (Traditional archaic historic indicative past singular third-person)
tenémmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
tenéste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
ténnero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
tenérono (archaic historic indicative past plural third-person)
tenéttero (archaic historic indicative past plural third-person)
tenèttero (Traditional archaic historic indicative past plural third-person)
terrò (first-person future indicative singular)
terrài (future indicative second-person singular)
terrà (future indicative singular third-person)
terrémo (first-person future indicative plural)
terréte (future indicative plural second-person)
terrànno (future indicative plural third-person)
terrèi (conditional first-person singular)
terrésti (conditional second-person singular)
terrèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
terrébbe (conditional singular third-person)
terrémmo (conditional first-person plural)
terréste (conditional plural second-person)
terrèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
terrébbero (conditional plural third-person)
tènga (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tègna (archaic first-person present singular subjunctive)
tènga (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tègna (archaic present second-person singular subjunctive)
tènga (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tègna (archaic present singular subjunctive third-person)
teniàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tegnàmo (archaic first-person plural present subjunctive)
teniàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tegnàte (archaic plural present second-person subjunctive)
tèngano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tègnano (archaic plural present subjunctive third-person)
tenéssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tenéssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tenésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tenéssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tenéste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tenéssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tièni (imperative second-person singular)
tènga (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tègna (archaic formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person imperative plural)
tegnàmo (archaic first-person imperative plural)
tenéte (imperative plural second-person)
tèngano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tègnano (archaic formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tenére (imperative negative second-person singular)
tènga (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tègna (archaic formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
teniàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
tegnàmo (archaic first-person imperative negative plural)
tenéte (imperative negative plural second-person)
tèngano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tègnano (archaic formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Latin tenēre, from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”).

der

abbiamo tenuto lo sbocco della valle

(transitive, military) to defend (a position, etc.) from enemy attack


frock

en-verb

frock (third-person singular simple present frocks, present participle frocking, simple past and past participle frocked)

frocks (present singular third-person)
frocking (participle present)
frocked (participle past)
frocked (past)

From Middle English frok, frokke, from Old French froc (“frock, a monk's gown or habit”), perhaps via Medieval Latin hrocus, roccus, rocus (“a coat”), from Frankish *hrokk (“skirt, dress, robe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz (“robe, jacket, skirt, tunic”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”).
Cognate with Old High German hroch, roch (“skirt, dress, cowl”) – whence German Rock (“skirt, coat”) –, Saterland Frisian Rok (“skirt”), Dutch rok (“skirt, petticoat”), Old English rocc (“an overgarment, tunic, rochet”), Old Norse rokkr (“skirt, jacket”), whence Danish rok (“garment”).

cog

MajGen Richard G. Schulze […] was selected for two-star rank by members of the January selection board. He was frocked on 27 Jan and assigned new duties as CG, MCRD, San Diego.

1976, The Marine Corps Gazette, volumes 61-62, page 4:

(US military, transitive) To grant to an officer the title and uniform of a rank he will soon be promoted to.


ala

āla (canonical feminine)
ālae (genitive)
āla (nominative singular)
ālae (nominative plural)
ālae (genitive singular)
ālārum (genitive plural)
ālae (dative singular)
ālīs (dative plural)
ālam (accusative singular)
ālās (accusative plural)
ālā (ablative singular)
ālīs (ablative plural)
āla (singular vocative)
ālae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ala, nala, ñala, esnala

Catalan: ala

Dalmatian: jal

Franco-Provençal: âla

Friulian: ale

Gallurese: ala

Italian: ala

Ligurian: âa

Occitan: ala

desctree

Old French: aile f
Middle French: aisle f, aesle, æsle
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

Old Galician-Portuguese: aa

Galician: á

Portuguese: á

Romansch: ala, ela

Sardinian: aba, ala, àua

Sassarese: ara

Sicilian: ala

Spanish: ala

Venetan: ała

→ English: ala, ali-

→ Esperanto: alo

→ Galician: ala

→ Portuguese: ala

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

(military) a wing (portion of an army, cavalry force (usually) deployed on an army's flank)


ala

Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

a row among a larger group of people or things


ala

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.


jacket

Chinese:

→ Mandarin: 夾克 /夹克 (jiākè), 茄克 (jiākè)

→ Irish: seaicéad

→ Japanese: ジャケット (jaketto)

→ Korean: 재킷 (jaekit)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seacaid

→ Turkish: ceket

→ Welsh: siaced

From Middle French jacquet, diminutive of Old French jaque.

(military) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reinforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.


frag

Police up your extra ammo and frags, don't leave nothing for the dinks.

1986, Oliver Stone, Platoon, spoken by Sergeant Elias (Willem Dafoe):

fragmentation grenade
fragmentation grenade

(military slang) A fragmentation grenade.


frag

en-verb

frag (third-person singular simple present frags, present participle fragging, simple past and past participle fragged)

frags (present singular third-person)
fragging (participle present)
fragged (participle past)
fragged (past)

One guy? I fragged a couple of hundred in 'Nam.

1974 January 13, Peter S. Fischer, “Publish or Perish” (00:03:23 from the start), in Columbo, season 3, episode 5, spoken by Eddie Kane:

Cowboy says in a low voice: “Never turn your back on Mother. Never cut him any slack. He fragged Mr. Shortround.”

1979, Gustav Hasford, The Short-Timers, New York: Bantam Books, published 1980, →ISBN, page 173:

(transitive, US military slang) To deliberately kill (one's superior officer) with a fragmentation grenade.

I fragged him once and then meleed him for the kill.

(transitive, military and video games, slang) To hit with the explosion of a fragmentation grenade.


anima

From Latin anima, from animus, from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Doublet of alma.

(firearms) the inner cavity created by the chamber and the barrel

(military, historical) a type of scaled armor


raise

raise (third-person singular simple present raises, present participle raising, simple past and past participle raised)

raises (present singular third-person)
raising (participle present)
raised (participle past)
raised (past)

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Old English rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), Old English rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), Old English rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

whakahī

Referring to lifting the pitch of a musical note

hāpai

Of lifting an object to a higher elevation

hī

Refers to raising an eyebrow in scepticism

raise oneself up by one's own bootstraps

(physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.

(military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.

aradan qaldırmaq

(military) to remove or break up (a blockade); to relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done

(military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.


chamber

From Middle English chambre, borrowed from Old French chambre, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”). Doublet of camera.

der

Dianne loaded a cartridge into the chamber of the rifle, then prepared to take aim at the target.

(firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge.

حُجْرَة

part of a firearm holding the round before firing

(firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.

патронник

compartment holding a bullet of a revolver


chamber

en-verb

chamber (third-person singular simple present chambers, present participle chambering, simple past and past participle chambered)

chambers (present singular third-person)
chambering (participle present)
chambered (participle past)
chambered (past)
chambre (alternative)

Bob chambered his fist for a blow, but Sheila struck first.

(martial arts, transitive) To prepare an offensive, defensive, or counteroffensive action by drawing a limb or weapon to a position where it may be charged with kinetic energy.


部屋

Originally a compound of へ (he, “separate”, cognate with the first element in 隔たる (hedataru, “to be apart”)) + 屋 (ya, “roof, house”).
First cited to the late 900s.

compound

cognate with the first element in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">隔たる</i> (hedataru, “to be apart”)

八角部屋

(sumo) a stable where rikishi live and train together under a shisho oyakata (stable master)


cámara

From Old Galician-Portuguese camara (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin camara, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “a vaulted chamber”).

der

(firearms) the area holding the ammunition round

chamber
the area holding the ammunition round


双節棍

ja-noun

双節棍(ぬんちゃく) or 双節棍(ヌンチャク) • (nunchaku)

双節棍 (canonical)
双節棍 (canonical)
nunchaku (romanization)

[nɯ̟̃ɲ̟t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟]

Borrowed from Okinawan 双節棍 (nunchaku), from Hokkien 兩節棍／雙節棍 /两节棍／双节棍 (nn̄g-chat-kùn).


nunchaku

en-noun

nunchaku (countable and uncountable, plural nunchakus)

Borrowed from Okinawan 双節棍 (nunchaku) (compare Japanese 双節棍 (nunchaku)), probably from Hokkien 兩節棍 /两节棍 (nn̄g-chat-kùn, literally “two-segment cudgel”), from 兩 /两 (nn̄g, “two”) + 節 /节 (chat, “joint; link; segment”) + 棍 (kùn, “cudgel; stick”).

der

(countable) A weapon originating from Okinawa, Japan, consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord.

tsako

weapon consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord

(uncountable) The skill of using this weapon in martial arts.


prêt

From French prêts, from French prêt (“ready”).

(fencing) The command to make ready; used regardless of language of the participants; in the sequence "en garde, prêt, aller".


stan

zlw-opl-noun

stan m inan (diminutive stanek, augmentative stanowisko or stanowiszcze, related adjective stanowy)

stanek (diminutive)
stanowisko (augmentative)
stanowiszcze (augmentative)
stanowy (adjective)

Polish: stan

Silesian: stōn

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stanъ. First attested in the 12th century.

Rozgnyewaly... Moyszesza w stanyech (in castris)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 105, 17:

(in the plural, sometimes military, attested in Lesser Poland) encampment, (area of the camp)


para

Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation [title]

2023 September 26, Dan Sabbagh, “Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


vampire

vampires (plural)
vampyre (alternative archaic)
wampyr (alternative)

desc

ভ্যাম্পায়ার

→ Bengali: ভ্যাম্পায়ার (bhêmpaẏar)

→ Irish: vaimpír

→ Japanese: ヴァンパイア (vanpaia), バンパイア (banpaia)

→ Marathi: व्हॅम्पायर (vhĕmpāyar)

→ Thai: แวมไพร์ (wɛm-paai)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bhampair

→ Swahili: vampiri

→ Turkish: vampir

→ Welsh: fampir

From French vampire, from German Vampir, via Hungarian from a Slavic word, probably Serbo-Croatian вампир (vàmpīr), proposed to be a variant of unattested *upir, from Proto-Slavic *ǫpyrь, Doublet of oupire.

Vampire. Vampire. Vampire. Battle stations.

anti-ship missile
anti-ship missile#English

(US naval jargon) Synonym of anti-ship missile (ASM), particularly an incoming hostile one.


dismount

en-verb

dismount (third-person singular simple present dismounts, present participle dismounting, simple past and past participle dismounted)

dismounts (present singular third-person)
dismounting (participle present)
dismounted (participle past)
dismounted (past)

From dis- + mount, probably a calque of Old French desmonter.

(military, transitive) To throw (cannon) off their carriages.


refuse

refuse (third-person singular simple present refuses, present participle refusing, simple past and past participle refused)

refuses (present singular third-person)
refusing (participle present)
refused (participle past)
refused (past)
refuse (infinitive)
refuse (first-person present singular)
refused (first-person past singular)
refuse (present second-person singular)
refusest (archaic present second-person singular)
refused (past second-person singular)
refusedst (archaic past second-person singular)
refuses (present singular third-person)
refuseth (archaic present singular third-person)
refused (past singular third-person)
refuse (plural present)
refused (past plural)
refuse (present subjunctive)
refused (past subjunctive)
refuse (imperative present)
refusing (participle present)
refused (participle past)

From Middle English refusen, from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Classical Latin refūtāre (whence also refute) and recūsāre (whence also recuse).

to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks

(military) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the centre, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular alignment when troops are about to engage the enemy.


strategematicus

la-adj

stratēgēmaticus (feminine stratēgēmatica, neuter stratēgēmaticum); first/second-declension adjective

stratēgēmaticus (canonical)
stratēgēmatica (feminine)
stratēgēmaticum (neuter)
stratēgēmaticus (masculine nominative singular)
stratēgēmatica (feminine nominative singular)
stratēgēmaticum (neuter nominative singular)
stratēgēmaticī (masculine nominative plural)
stratēgēmaticae (feminine nominative plural)
stratēgēmatica (neuter nominative plural)
stratēgēmaticī (genitive masculine singular)
stratēgēmaticae (feminine genitive singular)
stratēgēmaticī (genitive neuter singular)
stratēgēmaticōrum (genitive masculine plural)
stratēgēmaticārum (feminine genitive plural)
stratēgēmaticōrum (genitive neuter plural)
stratēgēmaticō (dative masculine singular)
stratēgēmaticae (dative feminine singular)
stratēgēmaticō (dative neuter singular)
stratēgēmaticīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
stratēgēmaticum (accusative masculine singular)
stratēgēmaticam (accusative feminine singular)
stratēgēmaticum (accusative neuter singular)
stratēgēmaticōs (accusative masculine plural)
stratēgēmaticās (accusative feminine plural)
stratēgēmatica (accusative neuter plural)
stratēgēmaticō (ablative masculine singular)
stratēgēmaticā (ablative feminine singular)
stratēgēmaticō (ablative neuter singular)
stratēgēmaticīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
stratēgēmatice (masculine singular vocative)
stratēgēmatica (feminine singular vocative)
stratēgēmaticum (neuter singular vocative)
stratēgēmaticī (masculine plural vocative)
stratēgēmaticae (feminine plural vocative)
stratēgēmatica (neuter plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek στρᾰτήγημα (strătḗgēma, “stratagem”).

der

(military) of or pertaining to military stratagems


strategema

la-noun

stratēgēma n (genitive stratēgēmatis); third declension

stratēgēma (canonical neuter)
stratēgēmatis (genitive)
stratēgēma (nominative singular)
stratēgēmata (nominative plural)
stratēgēmatis (genitive singular)
stratēgēmatum (genitive plural)
stratēgēmatī (dative singular)
stratēgēmatibus (dative plural)
stratēgēma (accusative singular)
stratēgēmata (accusative plural)
stratēgēmate (ablative singular)
stratēgēmatibus (ablative plural)
stratēgēma (singular vocative)
stratēgēmata (plural vocative)

Catalan: estratagema

Old French: stratageme

→ Middle English: *stratageme

English: stratagem

French: stratagème

Italian: stratagemma

Portuguese: estratagema

Sicilian: strataggema

Spanish: estratagema

From Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma).


forty-five

The robber brandished a forty-five at the cashier to make her empty the till for him.

The phoenix he helped create
Out of control boy without a dad
Shot the gun that startled my life
While I drove him with a forty-five

1998, “Soil”, in Serj Tankian (lyrics), Daron Malakian (music), System of a Down, performed by System of a Down, Track 7:


zap

en-verb

zap (third-person singular simple present zaps, present participle zapping, simple past and past participle zapped)

zaps (present singular third-person)
zapping (participle present)
zapped (participle past)
zapped (past)

Catalan: zàping

Dutch: zappen

Esperanto: zapi

French: zapping, zapper

Galician: zapear, zapping

German: zappen

Portuguese: zapear, zapar, zapping

Spanish: zapping, zapear

Swedish: zappa

1920s, American English, of imitative origin.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Says a U. S. officer: "We zapped the enemy, now we intend to stick around. […]

1966, U.S. News & World Report, volume 61, page 32:

(US, military, slang, transitive) To kill; to eliminate.


royal

en-adj

royal (comparative royaler or royaller, superlative royalest or royallest)

royaler (comparative)
royaller (comparative)
royalest (superlative)
royallest (superlative)
r. (alternative abbreviation)
roial (alternative obsolete)
roiall (alternative obsolete)
royall (alternative obsolete)
royaler (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English royal, from Old French roial (Modern French royal), from Latin rēgālis, from rēx (“king”). Doublet of regal (“befitting a king”), real (“unit of currency”), ariary, and riyal. Cognate with Spanish real. Displaced native Old English cynelīċ.

doublet

(boxing, military) Free-for-all, especially involving multiple combatants.


royal

royals (plural)
r. (alternative abbreviation)
roial (alternative obsolete)
roiall (alternative obsolete)
royall (alternative obsolete)
royaler (alternative obsolete)


broomstick

broomsticks (plural)
broom-stick (alternative)

(military slang) A control stick of an airplane or other vehicle.


palisade

Borrowed from Middle French palissade, from Old French, from Old Occitan palissada, from palissa (“stake”), probably from pal (“stake”), or possibly from Gallo-Romance *pālīcea, from Latin pālus (“stake”) + -ade.

We had soon touched land in the same place as before and set to provision the blockhouse. All three made the first journey, heavily laden, and tossed our stores over the palisade.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

I realize how universal the desire to injure your fellow man is. … Only hear the government of laws and lawyers puts a palisade up. They can injure you a lot, make your life hideous, but they can't actually do you in.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 261:

(military) A wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)
palisad (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

(military) a wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier


retrograde

en-verb

retrograde (third-person singular simple present retrogrades, present participle retrograding, simple past and past participle retrograded)

retrogrades (present singular third-person)
retrograding (participle present)
retrograded (participle past)
retrograded (past)

From Middle French retrograder (“to (cause to) go back, return; to (cause to) move backwards; of a celestial object: to show retrograde motion; to date to an earlier period”) (modern French rétrograder), and from its etymon Latin retrōgradī (“to go or step back or backwards; of a celestial object: to show retrograde motion”) (compare Late Latin retrogradare, retrogradari, retrogredere), from retrō (“back, backwards; behind; before, formerly”) + gradior (“to step, walk; to advance, go”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go; to walk”)).

der

/ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/

/ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/

(military) To retreat or withdraw from a position.

vetäytyä

(military) to retreat or withdraw from a position


quiver

From Middle English quiver, from Anglo-Norman quivre, from Old Dutch cocare (source of Dutch koker, and cognate to Old English cocer (“quiver, case”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kokar (“container”), said to be from Hunnic, possibly from Proto-Mongolic *kökexür (“leather vessel for liquids”); see there for more. Replaced early modern cocker, the inherited reflex of that West Germanic word.
The mathematical sense originated as German Köcher in a 1972 paper by Pierre Gabriel; it was likely chosen because a quiver contains arrows, while a digraph contains directed edges (also called "arrows").

դող

shaking or moving with a slight trembling motion

Don Pedro: Nay, if Cupid have not spent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt quake for this shortly.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 271:

Arrows were carried in quiver, called also an arrow case, which served for the magazine, arrows for immediate use were worn in the girdle.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 39:

(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.


eliminate

en-verb

eliminate (third-person singular simple present eliminates, present participle eliminating, simple past and past participle eliminated)

eliminates (present singular third-person)
eliminating (participle present)
eliminated (participle past)
eliminated (past)

Borrowed from Latin ēlīminātus, perfect passive participle of ēlīminō (“to turn out of doors, banish”), from ē- + līmen (“a threshold”, līmin- in compounds) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), akin to Latin līmes (“a boundary”); see also English limit and limen.

af

(transitive, military) To render (a facility) unusable, to destroy it; to disable (a soldier), make them unable to fight (typically but not necessarily by killing)


tour

From Old French tour, tourn, from the verb torner, tourner.

tor (pour–poor merger, horse–hoarse merger)

taw (pour–poor merger, horse–hoarse merger, non-rhotic)

Among those released were two Americans who had been held captive for more than three months: Alex Drueke, a former U.S. Army staff sergeant who served two tours in Iraq, according to his aunt, Dianna Shaw; […]

2022 September 21, Carly Olson, Dan Bilefsky, “Ten prisoners, including Americans, have been released as part of a Russia-Ukraine exchange, Saudi Arabia says.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


gruppe

head

gruppe c (singular definite gruppen, plural indefinite grupper)

gruppen (definite singular)
grupper (indefinite plural)
gruppe (indefinite nominative singular)
gruppen (definite nominative singular)
grupper (indefinite nominative plural)
grupperne (definite nominative plural)
gruppes (genitive indefinite singular)
gruppens (definite genitive singular)
gruppers (genitive indefinite plural)
gruppernes (definite genitive plural)


abacaxi

abacaxis (plural)
abacaxí (alternative)
abacachi (alternative obsolete)

→ English: abacaxi

→ Guaraní: avakachi

→ Hunsrik: Abakaschi

→ Nheengatu: awakaxí

[ɐ.βɐ.kɐˈʃi]

Uses for the people and the river are attested much earlier than the fruit, but the ultimate origin of the word and relation between theses senses are still unknown.
Many authors point to a supposedly Old Tupi 'ybakatĩ /'ybakati (“fragrant fruit”) that, besides being unattested, is formed by a nonexistent katĩ. One of the earliest mentions of this etymon was in Soares's dictionary, which is probably the source for following works.

m+

(Brazil, military slang) pineapple (hand grenade)


jab

Originally a Scottish (unclear if Scots or Scottish English) form of English job (“peck, poke, thrust”), from Middle English jobben.

American Ward was too quick and too slick for his British rival, landing at will with razor sharp jabs and hooks and even bullying Froch at times.

2011 December 18, Ben Dirs, “Carl Froch outclassed by dazzling Andre Ward”, in BBC Sport:


열

Sino-Korean word from 列, from the Middle Korean reading 렬〮 (Yale: lyél).

the hanja entry at 列 for Sino-Korean compounds of 열

(military) file; column of troops, one behind the other


det

(military, US) Abbreviation of detachment.


bacon

en-noun

bacon (usually uncountable, plural bacons)

→ Bulgarian: бекон (bekon)

→ Chinese: 培根 (péigēn)

→ Finnish: pekoni

→ French: bacon

desc

→ Hebrew: בייקון

→ Hebrew: בייקון

→ Italian: becon

→ Japanese: ベーコン (bēkon)

→ Maori: pēkana

→ Maltese: bejken

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bacon, beiken

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bacon, beiken

→ Polish: bekon

→ Portuguese: bacon

→ Russian: бекон (bekon)

→ Spanish: bacon, beicon

→ Swedish: bacon

From Middle English bacoun (“meat from the back and sides of a pig”), from Anglo-Norman bacon, bacun (“ham, flitch, strip of lard”), from Old Low Frankish *bakō (“ham, flitch”), from Proto-Germanic *bakô, *bakkô (“back”), an extension of *baką, whence English back, which see for more. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“back, buttocks; to vault, arch”).
Cognate with Old Saxon baco (“back”), Dutch bake (“ham, side of bacon”), Old High German bahho (“ham, side of bacon”), whence German Bache f (“wild sow”), Alemannic German Bache m (“bacon”).
(police): Extension of pig (“police”).


evolution

en-noun

evolution (countable and uncountable, plural evolutions)

extinction

antonym(s) of “survival through adaptation”

/ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/

Borrowed from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”), from ēvolūtus, perfect passive participle of ēvolvō (“unroll, unfold”), from ex + volvō (“roll”).
Compare typologically Czech vývoj, Serbo-Croatian развој, Russian разви́ть (razvítʹ), развива́ть (razvivátʹ), разви́ться (razvítʹsja), развива́ться (razvivátʹsja), Russian разви́тие (razvítije), related to Proto-Slavic *viti (whence Czech vít, Russian вить (vitʹ)).

تَطَوُّر

general: a gradual process of development

Mean while, he never failed to be present, when any regiment, or corps of men, were drawn out to be exercised and reviewed, and accompanied them in all their evolutions […].

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

Major Holroyd, who acted as the General, was extremely polite, and attentive, and came to us between every evolution, to explain and talk over the manoeuvres.

1779, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 117:

(military) A manoeuvre of troops or ships.

A change of position.
A manoeuvre of troops or ships.


dread

en-noun

dread (countable and uncountable, plural dreads)

From Middle English drede, dred, from the verb (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian drēd, drēde (“fear, dread”).

The Royal Navy sent six dreads and four BCs to intercept the German raiding force.

(military, nautical, historical, slang) Clipping of dreadnought.


manœuvre

→ Albanian: manovër

→ Arabic: مُنَاوَرَة (munāwara)

→ Bulgarian: маневра (manevra)

→ German: manöver

→ Dutch: manoeuvre

→ English: maneuver

→ Norwegian: manøver

→ Hungarian: manőver

→ Italian: manovra

→ Turkish: manevra

→ Polish: manewr

→ Swedish: manöver

→ Romanian: manevră

→ Russian: манёвр (manjóvr)

→ Crimean Tatar: manövr

→ Kazakh: маневр (manevr)

→ Mongolian: маневр (manevr)

→ Ukrainian: маневр (manevr)

→ Uyghur: مانېۋىر (manëwir)

→ Uzbek: manyovr

From Vulgar Latin manū opera, from ablative of Latin manus (“hand”) + opus (“work”).

plaine des manœuvres


moku

moku (nominative singular)
mokut (nominative plural)
moku (accusative nominative singular)
mokut (accusative nominative plural)
mokun (accusative genitive singular)
mokut (accusative genitive plural)
mokun (genitive singular)
mokujen (genitive plural)
mokua (partitive singular)
mokuja (partitive plural)
mokussa (inessive singular)
mokuissa (inessive plural)
mokusta (elative singular)
mokuista (elative plural)
mokuun (illative singular)
mokuihin (illative plural)
mokulla (adessive singular)
mokuilla (adessive plural)
mokulta (ablative singular)
mokuilta (ablative plural)
mokulle (allative singular)
mokuille (allative plural)
mokuna (essive singular)
mokuina (essive plural)
mokuksi (singular translative)
mokuiksi (plural translative)
mokutta (abessive singular)
mokuitta (abessive plural)
mokuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mokuni (nominative singular)
mokuni (nominative plural)
mokuni (accusative nominative singular)
mokuni (accusative nominative plural)
mokuni (accusative genitive singular)
mokuni (accusative genitive plural)
mokuni (genitive singular)
mokujeni (genitive plural)
mokuani (partitive singular)
mokujani (partitive plural)
mokussani (inessive singular)
mokuissani (inessive plural)
mokustani (elative singular)
mokuistani (elative plural)
mokuuni (illative singular)
mokuihini (illative plural)
mokullani (adessive singular)
mokuillani (adessive plural)
mokultani (ablative singular)
mokuiltani (ablative plural)
mokulleni (allative singular)
mokuilleni (allative plural)
mokunani (essive singular)
mokuinani (essive plural)
mokukseni (singular translative)
mokuikseni (plural translative)
mokuttani (abessive singular)
mokuittani (abessive plural)
mokuineni (comitative plural)
mokusi (nominative singular)
mokusi (nominative plural)
mokusi (accusative nominative singular)
mokusi (accusative nominative plural)
mokusi (accusative genitive singular)
mokusi (accusative genitive plural)
mokusi (genitive singular)
mokujesi (genitive plural)
mokuasi (partitive singular)
mokujasi (partitive plural)
mokussasi (inessive singular)
mokuissasi (inessive plural)
mokustasi (elative singular)
mokuistasi (elative plural)
mokuusi (illative singular)
mokuihisi (illative plural)
mokullasi (adessive singular)
mokuillasi (adessive plural)
mokultasi (ablative singular)
mokuiltasi (ablative plural)
mokullesi (allative singular)
mokuillesi (allative plural)
mokunasi (essive singular)
mokuinasi (essive plural)
mokuksesi (singular translative)
mokuiksesi (plural translative)
mokuttasi (abessive singular)
mokuittasi (abessive plural)
mokuinesi (comitative plural)
mokumme (nominative singular)
mokumme (nominative plural)
mokumme (accusative nominative singular)
mokumme (accusative nominative plural)
mokumme (accusative genitive singular)
mokumme (accusative genitive plural)
mokumme (genitive singular)
mokujemme (genitive plural)
mokuamme (partitive singular)
mokujamme (partitive plural)
mokussamme (inessive singular)
mokuissamme (inessive plural)
mokustamme (elative singular)
mokuistamme (elative plural)
mokuumme (illative singular)
mokuihimme (illative plural)
mokullamme (adessive singular)
mokuillamme (adessive plural)
mokultamme (ablative singular)
mokuiltamme (ablative plural)
mokullemme (allative singular)
mokuillemme (allative plural)
mokunamme (essive singular)
mokuinamme (essive plural)
mokuksemme (singular translative)
mokuiksemme (plural translative)
mokuttamme (abessive singular)
mokuittamme (abessive plural)
mokuinemme (comitative plural)
mokunne (nominative singular)
mokunne (nominative plural)
mokunne (accusative nominative singular)
mokunne (accusative nominative plural)
mokunne (accusative genitive singular)
mokunne (accusative genitive plural)
mokunne (genitive singular)
mokujenne (genitive plural)
mokuanne (partitive singular)
mokujanne (partitive plural)
mokussanne (inessive singular)
mokuissanne (inessive plural)
mokustanne (elative singular)
mokuistanne (elative plural)
mokuunne (illative singular)
mokuihinne (illative plural)
mokullanne (adessive singular)
mokuillanne (adessive plural)
mokultanne (ablative singular)
mokuiltanne (ablative plural)
mokullenne (allative singular)
mokuillenne (allative plural)
mokunanne (essive singular)
mokuinanne (essive plural)
mokuksenne (singular translative)
mokuiksenne (plural translative)
mokuttanne (abessive singular)
mokuittanne (abessive plural)
mokuinenne (comitative plural)
mokunsa (nominative singular)
mokunsa (nominative plural)
mokunsa (accusative nominative singular)
mokunsa (accusative nominative plural)
mokunsa (accusative genitive singular)
mokunsa (accusative genitive plural)
mokunsa (genitive singular)
mokujensa (genitive plural)
mokuaan (partitive singular)
mokuansa (partitive singular)
mokujaan (partitive plural)
mokujansa (partitive plural)
mokussaan (inessive singular)
mokussansa (inessive singular)
mokuissaan (inessive plural)
mokuissansa (inessive plural)
mokustaan (elative singular)
mokustansa (elative singular)
mokuistaan (elative plural)
mokuistansa (elative plural)
mokuunsa (illative singular)
mokuihinsa (illative plural)
mokullaan (adessive singular)
mokullansa (adessive singular)
mokuillaan (adessive plural)
mokuillansa (adessive plural)
mokultaan (ablative singular)
mokultansa (ablative singular)
mokuiltaan (ablative plural)
mokuiltansa (ablative plural)
mokulleen (allative singular)
mokullensa (allative singular)
mokuilleen (allative plural)
mokuillensa (allative plural)
mokunaan (essive singular)
mokunansa (essive singular)
mokuinaan (essive plural)
mokuinansa (essive plural)
mokukseen (singular translative)
mokuksensa (singular translative)
mokuikseen (plural translative)
mokuiksensa (plural translative)
mokuttaan (abessive singular)
mokuttansa (abessive singular)
mokuittaan (abessive plural)
mokuittansa (abessive plural)
mokuineen (comitative plural)
mokuinensa (comitative plural)

(military slang) A conscript who has served less than 180 days in the Finnish Army.

vanhempi

conscript with less than 180 days served in the army

(military slang) A recruit (a newly enlisted soldier not having taken the military oath or given the military declaration).


greenhouse

From green + house ("house for growing greens"), in reference to the produce grown within.

In the slang of the Royal Air Force man, the cockpit of his plane is the ‘pulpit’ or ‘office’, the glass covering over it the ‘greenhouse’.

(UK military slang, dated) The glass of a plane's cockpit.


coup

→ Danish: kup

→ Dutch: coup

→ English: coup

→ German: Coup

Mauritian Creole: kou

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kupp

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kupp

→ Swedish: kupp

Inherited from Old French colp, cop, from Late Latin colpus, syncopated form of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos).

pistolet à six coups


caltrop

From Middle English calketrappe, from Old English calcatrippe, from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.

[…] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]

1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association:

By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...

1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China:

Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.

2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts:

(weaponry) A metal object, usually small, with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge).


furniture

furniture (usually uncountable, plural furnitures)

From Middle French fourniture (“a supply, or the act of furnishing”), from fournir (“to furnish”).

uder

(firearms) The stock and forearm of a weapon.


dough

en-noun

dough (usually uncountable, plural doughs)

doughs (plural)
dow (alternative)
doff (alternative)
duff (alternative)

From Middle English dow, dogh, dagh, from Old English dāg, from Proto-Germanic *daigaz (“dough”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, mold”). Cognate with Scots daich, dauch, doach (“dough”), West Frisian daai (“dough”), Dutch deeg (“dough”), Low German Deeg (“dough”), German Teig (“dough”), Norwegian Bokmål deig (“dough”), Danish dej (“dough”), Swedish deg (“dough”), Icelandic deig (“dough”).
The derivation of the second meaning (of money) is obscure, but dates to the mid 19th century.

inh

(US military slang, countable) Clipping of doughboy (“an infantryman”).


kot

pl-noun

kot m animal (female equivalent kocica or kotka, diminutive kotek, augmentative kocur or kocisko, related adjective koci)

kocica (feminine)
kotka (feminine)
kotek (diminutive)
kocur (augmentative)
kocisko (augmentative)
koci (adjective)
kot (nominative singular)
koty (nominative plural)
kota (genitive singular)
kotów (genitive plural)
kotu (dative singular)
kotom (dative plural)
kota (accusative singular)
koty (accusative plural)
kotem (instrumental singular)
kotami (instrumental plural)
kocie (locative singular)
kotach (locative plural)
kocie (singular vocative)
koty (plural vocative)

(military slang) rookie (inexperienced recruit)


眼鏡

ja-noun

眼(がん)鏡(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←がんきやう (gankyau)?)

眼鏡 (canonical)
gankyō (romanization)
gankyau (romanization)
がんきやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

/ɡankjau/ → /ɡankjɔː/ → /ɡankjoː/
Probably a borrowing from written Chinese 眼鏡 /眼镜 (yǎnjìng). Eyeglasses are first mentioned in Chinese in the 1400s as 靉靆 /叆叇 (aidai?), a transcription of an Arabic term. By the late Ming dynasty, eyeglasses appear in writing as 靉靆即眼鏡 /叆叇即眼镜 (“aidai, i.e. eye-lenses”), using the compound term 眼鏡 /眼镜 (yǎnjìng, literally “eye + lens”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gán-kiàⁿ.
This reading appears in texts from the 1920s.

(military, possibly archaic) glasses, eyeglasses

両眼鏡

両眼鏡 りょうがんきょう


monitor

pl-noun

monitor m inan (related adjective monitorowy)

monitorowy (adjective)
monitor (nominative singular)
monitory (nominative plural)
monitora (genitive singular)
monitorów (genitive plural)
monitorowi (dative singular)
monitorom (dative plural)
monitor (accusative singular)
monitory (accusative plural)
monitorem (instrumental singular)
monitorami (instrumental plural)
monitorze (locative singular)
monitorach (locative plural)
monitorze (singular vocative)
monitory (plural vocative)

(military) monitor (one of a class of relatively small armored warships with only one or two turrets (but often carrying unusually large guns for a warship of its size), usually designed for shore bombardment or riverine warfare rather than open-ocean combat)


pronto

pt-adj

pronto (feminine pronta, masculine plural prontos, feminine plural prontas, comparable, comparative mais pronto, superlative o mais pronto or prontíssimo, diminutive prontinho, augmentative prontão)

pronta (feminine)
prontos (masculine plural)
prontas (feminine plural)
mais pronto (comparative)
o mais pronto (superlative)
prontíssimo (superlative)
prontinho (diminutive)
prontão (augmentative)
prompto (alternative)


pronto

(military) trained soldier (soldier who completed their training period)


P.O.W.

Gaston Huet, the proprietor, whose story is recounted in “Wine and War,” had returned after five years in a German P.O.W. camp. He was in a gravely weakened condition but was able to make the ’45, a great vintage in France.

2022 October 6, Eric Asimov, “Echoes of a World War in Wines From the Early 1940s”, in The New York Times:

(military) Initialism of prisoner of war; also POW.


present

presents (plural)
præsent (alternative archaic)
ps. (alternative abbreviation)

→ Japanese: プレゼント (purezento)

From Middle English presenten, from Old French presenter, from Latin praesentāre (“to show”), from praesent-, praesens, present participle of praeesse (“be in front of”).

The platoon stands at present.

He was at present near the headquarters gates.

(military) The position of a soldier in presenting arms.


present

en-verb

present (third-person singular simple present presents, present participle presenting, simple past and past participle presented)

presents (present singular third-person)
presenting (participle present)
presented (participle past)
presented (past)
præsent (alternative archaic)
ps. (alternative abbreviation)

(transitive, military) To point (a firearm) at something, to hold (a weapon) in a position ready to fire.


dope

en-noun

dope (countable and uncountable, plural dopes)

From Dutch doop (“thick dipping sauce”), from Dutch dopen (“to dip”), from Middle Dutch dopen, from Old Dutch *dōpen, from Frankish *daupijan, from Proto-Germanic *daupijaną.
“Doop” in the sense “narcotic drug” ultimately refers to viscous opium juice, the drug of choice of the ancient Greeks; “insider information” perhaps from knowing which horse had been doped in a race. Sense of "stupid person" perhaps following from the drug sense (i.e. relating to those intoxicated on opium), compare dope up. Related to English dip and German taufen.

смазка

viscous liquid used to prepare a surface

(uncountable, firearms) Ballistic data on previously fired rounds, used to calculate the required hold over a target.


pile

en-verb

pile (third-person singular simple present piles, present participle piling, simple past and past participle piled)

piles (present singular third-person)
piling (participle present)
piled (participle past)
piled (past)

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

(transitive, military) To place (guns, muskets, etc.) together in threes so that they can stand upright, supporting each other.


tren

trenuri (plural)
tren (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
trenul (accusative definite nominative singular)
trenuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
trenurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
tren (indefinite singular)
trenului (definite singular)
trenuri (indefinite plural)
trenurilor (definite plural)
trenule (singular vocative)
trenurilor (plural vocative)

(chiefly military) train (convoy, caravan)


clavarium

la-noun

clāvārium n (genitive clāvāriī or clāvārī); second declension

clāvārium (canonical neuter)
clāvāriī (genitive)
clāvārī (genitive)
clāvārium (nominative singular)
clāvāria (nominative plural)
clāvāriī (genitive singular)
clāvārī (genitive singular)
clāvāriōrum (genitive plural)
clāvāriō (dative singular)
clāvāriīs (dative plural)
clāvārium (accusative singular)
clāvāria (accusative plural)
clāvāriō (ablative singular)
clāvāriīs (ablative plural)
clāvārium (singular vocative)
clāvāria (plural vocative)

From clāvus (“nail”) + -ārium (of purpose), via *clāvārius (relating to nails).


onager

From Middle English onager, onagir (“wild ass; military catapult”), from Anglo-Norman onager, Middle French onager, onagre, Old French onager, onagre (“wild ass; military catapult”) (modern French onagre), from Late Latin onager (“large siege engine”), Latin onager (“wild ass”), from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “wild ass”), Byzantine Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “large siege engine”), from ὄνος (ónos, “ass”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”) (from ᾰ̓γρός (ăgrós, “countryside; field”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix forming adjectives)).
The “military engine” sense alludes to the strong recoil of the engine, likened to an onager’s kick; see the 2007 quotation.

der

The onager, meaning "wild ass," derived its name from its powerful recoil, or kick, upon discharge; […] In addition, although Josephus described an onager in action hurling a 100-pound stone over 400 yards, most onagri achieved a shorter range than the ballista, thus exposing their crews to enemy archers.

2007, Jeff Kinard, “Ancient and Medieval Artillery”, in Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact (Weapons and Warfare Series), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 17:

(military, historical) A military engine acting like a sling which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket powered by the torsion from a bundle of ropes or sinews operated by machinery; a torsion catapult.


onager

onager (nominative singular)
onagery (nominative plural)
onageru (genitive singular)
onagerów (genitive plural)
onagerowi (dative singular)
onagerom (dative plural)
onager (accusative singular)
onagery (accusative plural)
onagerem (instrumental singular)
onagerami (instrumental plural)
onagerze (locative singular)
onagerach (locative plural)
onagerze (singular vocative)
onagery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros).

lbor

(military, historical) onager (a military engine acting like a sling which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket powered by the torsion from a bundle of ropes or sinews operated by machinery; a torsion catapult)


pact

From Middle English pact, from Middle French pacte, from Old French, and its etymon Latin pactum (“something agreed upon”), from pacīscī (“to agree”). Probably a doublet of patio.


patch

From Middle English patche, of uncertain origin. Perhaps an alteration of earlier Middle English placche (“patch, spot, piece of cloth”), from Old English *plæċċ, *pleċċ (“a spot, mark, patch”), from Proto-West Germanic *plakkju, from Proto-Germanic *plakjō (“spot, stain”). For the loss of l compare pat from Middle English platten. Germanic cognates would then include Middle English plecke, dialectal English pleck (“plot of ground, patch”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot”), Low German Plakk, Plakke (“spot, piece, patch”), Dutch plek (“spot, place, stain, patch”), Dutch plak (“piece, slab”), Swedish plagg (“garment”), Faroese plagg (“cloth, rag”).
Or, possibly a variant of Old French pieche, dialectal variant of piece (“piece”). Compare also Old Occitan petaç (“patch”).

tilkku

small piece of material used to clean a gun barrel

flejtuch

piece of greased cloth used to fit a rifle ball to the bore

(firearms) A small piece of material that is manually passed through a gun barrel to clean it.

(firearms) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.


taxi

→ Polish: taxi

→ Persian: تاکسی (tâksi)


quartermaster

quartermasters (plural)
quarter-master (alternative)
quarter master (alternative)

/ˈkwɔːtɚˌmɑːstə/

From Middle English quartermayster, quartermaistre, equivalent to quarter + master. Perhaps reinforced by and merged with Dutch kwartiermeester, kwartier-meester. Compare German Quartiermeister, French quartier-maître.

(military) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.


top secret

NSA's report on the Liberty incident was originally classified top secret.

(military, government) Information classified at one of the highest levels of sensitivity by a government, based on an assessment that it would cause exceptionally grave damage to national security if disclosed.

絕對機密 /绝对机密

information classified at the highest level


lurk

en-verb

lurk (third-person singular simple present lurks, present participle lurking, simple past and past participle lurked)

lurks (present singular third-person)
lurking (participle present)
lurked (participle past)
lurked (past)

From Middle English lurken, from Old Norse *lúrka, possibly from Proto-Germanic *lūrukōną (“to be lying in wait, lurk”), equivalent to lour + -k (frequentative suffix).
Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk lurka (“to sneak away, go slowly”), dialectal Swedish lurka (“to dawdle, be slow in one's work”), Saterland Frisian lüürkje (“to look secretly, spy”), West Frisian luorkje (“to lurk”), Middle Low German lûrken (“to deceitfully stalk”).

cog

As junior dogsbody, he was lurked with this mission.

2015, Andrew Gordon, The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command:

(UK, naval slang, transitive) To saddle (a person) with an undesirable task or duty.


aviation

en-noun

aviation (usually uncountable, plural aviations)

Borrowed from French aviation, from Latin avis (“bird”), from Proto-Indo-European *awi- (“bird”).


COIN

(US, military) Abbreviation of counterinsurgency.


手裏剣

Compound of 手裏 (shuri, “in the hand”) + 剣 (ken, “sword; blade”). Originally *syurikemu were straight double-edged throwing blades.

compound

(weaponry) shuriken, throwing star (a ninja weapon)


stunner

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) A professional wrestling maneuver in which an attacking wrestler applies a facelock to an opponent and falls to a seated position, forcing the opponent's jaw or neck to drop on the attacker's shoulder.


siege

From Middle English sege, from Old French sege, siege, seige (modern French siège), from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from Latin sēdicŭlum, sēdēcula (“small seat”), from Latin sēdēs (“seat”).

The Peloponnesian war is a proper subject for history, the siege of Athens for an epic poem, and the death of Alcibiades for a tragedy.

1748, [David Hume], chapter 3, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 5:

Liu Pang's general Han Hsin won the strategic city of Hsing-yang for him, but Hsiang-Yü put Liu Pang under siege there.

2001, Alfred S. Bradford, With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World, Praeger, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 145:

(military) A prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.


上手

上手 (canonical)
uwate (romanization)
ufate (romanization)
うはて (hiragana historical)

下手

antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”

Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold


kamera

kamerka (diminutive)
kamera (nominative singular)
kamery (nominative plural)
kamery (genitive singular)
kamer (genitive plural)
kamerze (dative singular)
kamerom (dative plural)
kamerę (accusative singular)
kamery (accusative plural)
kamerą (instrumental singular)
kamerami (instrumental plural)
kamerze (locative singular)
kamerach (locative plural)
kamero (singular vocative)
kamery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), from Old Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā-, from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English camera. Doublet of komora.

sl

(military) groove in the barrel into which a round is inserted


quarte

en-noun

quarte (countable and uncountable, plural quartes)

(fencing) The fourth defensive position, with the sword hand held at chest height, and the tip of the sword at neck height, the palm of the hand facing upwards.


quinte

(fencing) The fifth defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at knee height.


range

en-verb

range (third-person singular simple present ranges, present participle ranging, simple past and past participle ranged)

ranges (present singular third-person)
ranging (participle present)
ranged (participle past)
ranged (past)

From Middle English rengen, from Old French rengier (“to range, to rank, to order,”), from the noun renc, reng, ranc, rang (“a rank, row”), from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle, curve”). Doublet of ring.

der

(military, of artillery) To determine the range to a target.


sub-lieutenant

commissioned officer
commissioned officer

(military, navy) A commissioned officer of the navy whose rank is immediately below that of a lieutenant.

(UK) A commissioned officer of the Royal Navy ranking above a midshipman and below a lieutenant.

acting sub-lieutenant
acting sub-lieutenant

(Australia, Canada, New Zealand) A commissioned officer of the navy ranking above an acting sub-lieutenant and below a lieutenant.


mat

mat (nominative singular)
maci (nominative plural)
matowie (nominative plural)
mata (genitive singular)
matów (genitive plural)
matowi (dative singular)
matom (dative plural)
mata (accusative singular)
matów (accusative plural)
matem (instrumental singular)
matami (instrumental plural)
macie (locative singular)
matach (locative plural)
macie (singular vocative)
maci (plural vocative)
matowie (plural vocative)

(military, nautical) mate (ship's officer)


nest

From Middle English nest, nist, nyst, from Old English nest, from Proto-West Germanic *nest, from Proto-Germanic *nestą, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“nest”), literally "where [the bird] sits down", a compound of *ni (“down”) (whence also English nether) + the zero-grade of the root *sed- (“to sit”) (whence also English sit).

it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest

a machine gun nest

(military) A fortified position for a weapon.

гнездо́

military: fortified position for a weapon


silo

From Spanish silo, of unclear origin. See Spanish silo for more.

As a rule of thumb, to reliably destroy a hardened missile silo or communications bunker, a one megaton warhead should land within a 600 foot radius of its target. This will ensure that the enemy silo lies within the crater gouged out by the nuclear blast.

1987, Michio Kaku, Daniel Axelrod, To Win a Nuclear War: The Pentagon's Secret War Plans, Black Rose Books Ltd., →ISBN, page 203:

(military) An underground bunker used to hold missiles which may be launched.


silo

sili (plural)
silos (plural)
silos (alternative proscribed)

(transferred sense, military) silo (underground missile facility)


silo

(military) silo (underground missile facility)


silo

→ English: silo

→ French: silo

→ German: Silo

→ Portuguese: silo

Of unclear origin. Perhaps from Latin sirum, the accusative form of sirus (“pit for corn, underground granary”) (compare Latin sīromastes (“pit-searcher”), from Ancient Greek σειρομάστης (seiromástēs)), from Ancient Greek σιρός (sirós, “pit for holding grain”). Alternatively, perhaps from Basque zilo, zulo (“grain cellar”). If so, it is a doublet of zulo.


silo

silo (indefinite nominative singular)
silos (genitive indefinite singular)
silon (definite nominative singular)
silons (definite genitive singular)
silos (indefinite nominative plural)
silor (indefinite nominative plural)
silos (genitive indefinite plural)
silors (genitive indefinite plural)
silorna (definite nominative plural)
silosarna (definite nominative plural)
silornas (definite genitive plural)
silosarnas (definite genitive plural)


beep

Blend of big + jeep. From being bigger versions of the general purpose superlight truck, the Willys MB "Jeep".

(US, military, slang, dated, World War II) A 1/2-ton general purpose military light truck

(US, military, slang, dated, World War II, by extension) A 3/4-ton general purpose military medium truck

(US, military, slang, dated, World War II) Especially, the Dodge WC series U.S. Army WWII military trucks, in 1/2-ton 3/4-ton 1-ton variants


bulldog

→ French: bouledogue

→ German: Bulldogge

→ Portuguese: buldogue

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

(professional wrestling) Any move in which the wrestler grabs an opponent's head and jumps forward, so that the wrestler lands, often in a sitting position, and drives the opponent's face into the mat.


stockpile

The noun is derived from stock (“supply of anything ready for use”) + pile (“mass of things heaped together”). The verb is derived from the noun.

nuclear pile

semantically quite different from a nuclear stockpile

en:stock of nuclear weapons specifically

A supply (especially a large one) of something kept for future use, specifically in case the cost of the item increases or if there a shortage.

(specifically, military, weaponry) A supply of nuclear weapons kept by a country; a nuclear stockpile.


stockpile

en-verb

stockpile (third-person singular simple present stockpiles, present participle stockpiling, simple past and past participle stockpiled)

stockpiles (present singular third-person)
stockpiling (participle present)
stockpiled (participle past)
stockpiled (past)

запасявам се

to accumulate or build up a supply of (something)

To accumulate or build up a supply of (something).

(specifically, military, weaponry) To build up a stock of (nuclear weapons).


proof

proof (third-person singular simple present proofs, present participle proofing, simple past and past participle proofed)

proofs (present singular third-person)
proofing (participle present)
proofed (participle past)
proofed (past)

From Middle English proof, from Old French prove, from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from Latin probō (“to prove”); see prove; compare also the doublet probe.

(transitive, firearms) To test-fire with a load considerably more powerful than the firearm in question's rated maximum chamber pressure, in order to establish the firearm's ability to withstand pressures well in excess of those expected in service without bursting.


oblique

oblique (third-person singular simple present obliques, present participle obliquing, simple past and past participle obliqued)

obliques (present singular third-person)
obliquing (participle present)
obliqued (participle past)
obliqued (past)

From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).

uder

(military) To march in a direction oblique to the line of the column or platoon; — formerly accomplished by oblique steps, now by direct steps, the men half-facing either to the right or left.


Romeo

Borrowed from Italian Romeo, from Ancient Greek Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos, “Roman”).

der

(espionage) A spy specialised in seducing persons of interest, in particular a man targeting women.


kite

kites (plural)
kight (alternative)
kyte (alternative)

The noun is from Middle English kyte, kīte, kete (“a kite endemic to Europe, especially the red kite (Milvus milvus)”), from Old English cȳta (“kite; bittern”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūtijō, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to cry, screech”). The English word is cognate with Scots kyt, kyte (“kite; bird of prey”), Middle High German kiuzelīn, kützlīn (“owling”) (modern German Kauz (“owl”)). Possibly a doublet of coot.
Sense 3 (“lightweight toy”) is from the fact that it hovers in the air like the bird.
The verb is derived from the noun.

And did you know the Chiefie said that one of our kites went in the drink last night?

This time, the engine roared and the kite rocked against the brakes then sluggishly rolled down the strip.

2004, Harry Foxley, Marking Time: A Soldier’s Story, Victoria, B.C., Crewe, East Cheshire: Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 133:

(military aviation, slang) An aeroplane or aircraft.

leko

military aviation, slang: aircraft — see also aircraft


yo

As a greeting first attested in 1859, attested first as a cry of sailors and huntsmen (first attested in the 1400s; compare e.g. huzzah, giddyup). Originally from Middle English yo, io, ȝo, yeo, yaw, variant forms of ya, ye (“yes, yea”), from Old English ġēa (“yes, yea”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”); or perhaps from Old English ēow (“Wo!, Alas!”, interjection). Compare Danish, Swedish, German, Norwegian jo (“yes (flexible meaning)”), Dutch jow (“hi, hey”) and Dutch jo (“hi, hey”). More at yea, ow, ew.
Modern popularity apparently dates from the early 20th century in Philadelphia, PA; amongst the Italian Community there, where io, with (as opposed to in standard Italian language) the stress on the ultima, was a common salutatory response among residents, particularly young males. This usage was apparently reinforced by the aforesaid English terms. It has been claimed to have been a common response at roll calls during World War 2 (see definition 4), and then most intensely attested in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it thence spread globally from American dominance of pop culture post-WWII.

inh

Sergeant: Smith?
Private Smith: Yo!


section

From Middle English seccioun, from Old French section, from Latin sectiō (“cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation of diseased parts of the body, etc.”), from sectus, past participle of secāre (“to cut”). More at saw.

разрэ́з

surgery: incision or the act of making an incision

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer

(military) A group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.

аддзяле́нне

(military) group of 10-15 soldiers lead by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon


section

From secar + -ion, alternatively from Latin sectiō.

(natural history, military, etc.) section


foil

en-noun

foil (countable and uncountable, plural foils)

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine.
The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly.
Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece
Socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a sword.

(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip


epee

epees (plural)
épee (alternative)
épée (alternative)

Borrowed from French épée, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Doublet of spatha, spathe, and spade.

(fencing) A sharp-pointed dueling sword with a bell-shaped guard, used (with the end blunted) in sport fencing.


seat

From Middle English sete, from Old English sǣte, possibly from (or simply cognate with) Old Norse sæti (“seat”), both from Proto-Germanic *sētiją (“seat”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”); compare Old English set (“seat”).
Sense 2 (“location or site”) is probably derived from Old English sǣte (“house”), which is related to Old High German sāza (“sedan, seat, domicile”).
Cognates
* Middle Dutch gesaete
* Old High German gisazi (modern German Gesäß)

cog

would you mind putting on your seat belt

Hey, fighter boy, our radar's putting out enough energy to launch your seat from this distance!

A piece of furniture made for sitting, such as a chair, stool, or bench; any improvised place for sitting.

(aviation, military, slang) An ejection seat.


judoka

judoka (plural)
judokas (plural)
jūdōka (alternative)

/d͡ʒuːˈdəʊkə/

(judo) A practitioner of the Japanese martial art of judo.


judoka

nl-noun

judoka f or m (plural judoka's, diminutive judokaatje n)

judoka's (plural)
judokaatje (diminutive neuter)